diff --git a/data/3A/76/19/3A7619286EDC520E9BD04D61E050175B.xml b/data/3A/76/19/3A7619286EDC520E9BD04D61E050175B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..674300231ce --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3A/76/19/3A7619286EDC520E9BD04D61E050175B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ + + + +Taxonomic note of Parnassia (Celastraceae): the identity of P. yui + + + +Author + +Wang, Shi-Qi +College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Xue-Mei +College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China + + + +Author + +Shu, Yu-Min +0000-0002-7338-8275 +College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China & Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resource Conservation (Ministry of Education), Nanchong 637002, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +251 + + +251 +256 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.251.140807 + + + + + + + +Parnassia farreri +W. E. +Evans (1921: 174) + + + + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +Myanmar +• +Chimely Valley +, in the middle alpine zone, + +3300 m + +, + +15 August 1919 + +, + +R +. Farrer 1211 + +( +holotype +: +E 00079815 +photo!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/59/82/BC/5982BC485965542F8CF16EFE791FB6EF.xml b/data/59/82/BC/5982BC485965542F8CF16EFE791FB6EF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..63505adb51b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/59/82/BC/5982BC485965542F8CF16EFE791FB6EF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,905 @@ + + + +Species delimitation of newly collected spiders of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China: An integrated morphological and molecular approach + + + +Author + +Zhang, Jianshuang +0000-0003-4010-3082 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Pan, Tianqin +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, He +0000-0002-1478-9837 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China & Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei, China & Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei, China + + + +Author + +Xing, Yuanqian +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Hao +0000-0002-9113-2425 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhong, Yang +0000-0002-0517-4582 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +101 + + +1 + + +141 +171 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.136177 +29911097-4CEB-47ED-8CF4-13B5D1737E10 + + + + + +Pseudopoda yangae +J. Zhang, H. Zhang & Y. Zhong + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 +, +20 +, +21 +, +22 +, +23 +, +24 +, +28 E, F + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda breviducta + +Zhang, Zhang & Zhang, +2013 in + +Zhang et al. 2013 a +: 279 + +, figs 29–31, 35, 36 ( +♀ +only, +♂ +mismatched). + + + + + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +♂ +( +YNZY 001 +), +China +: • +Yunnan +Pro.: +Honghe Hani +and +Yi Autonomous Prefecture +: +Pingbian Co. +, +Daweishan National Park +, + +22.94 ° N +, +103.70 ° E + +, c. + +2365 m + +, by hand, + +14 IV 2024 + +, +Y. Zhong +& +S. Yang +leg. + + +Paratypes + + +: • +3 ♂ +4 ♀ +( +YNZY 002 +, +YNZY 005 +, +YNZY 006 +, +YNZY 008 +, +YNZY 017 +, +YNZY 020 +, +YNZY 021 +), same data as holotype. + + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name is dedicated to Ms. Siyu Yang (Xianning, +China +), collector of several specimens examined in this study. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The males of the new species resemble those of + +P. amelia +Jäger & Vedel, 2007 + +; + +P. putaoensis +Zhao & Li, 2018 + +; and + +P. zhangi + +Fu & Zhu, +2008 in + + +having a ɔ-shaped embolus (E) (Figs +20 A +, +22 B +; +Jäger and Vedel 2007 +: figs 32, 33; +Jiang et al. 2018 +: figs 18 A, B, 19 A, B; +Fu and Zhu 2008 +: fig. 4), but differs by: (1) dorsal branch of +RTA +( +dRTA +) blade-shaped, reaching basal part of cymbium ( +Cy +) (vs. distinctly shorter, not reaching cymbial base in + +P. amelia + +; finger-like in + +P. putaoensis + +and + +P. zhangi + +) (cf. Figs +20 A, B +, +21 B +, +28 E, F +and +Jäger and Vedel 2007 +: figs 33, 34 and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: figs 18 B, C and +Fu and Zhu 2008 +: figs 4, 5); (2) in retrolateral view, ventral branch of +RTA +( +vRTA +) claviform and distinctly protruding (vs. papilliform in + +P. amelia + +, laminar in + +P. putaoensis + +and + +P. zhangi + +, humble and barely protruding in + +P. amelia + +, + +P. putaoensis + +and + +P. zhangi + +) (cf. Figs +21 B +, +28 E, F +and +Jäger and Vedel 2007 +: fig. 34 and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: fig. 18 C and +Fu and Zhu 2008 +: fig. 5). Female of + +P. yangae + +sp. nov. +is similar to that of + +P. emei +F. Zhang, B. S. Zhang & Z. S. Zhang, 2013 + +by the similarly shaped median field ( + +MF + +), but can be recognised by: (1) anterior bands ( + +AB + +) indistinct (vs. distinct) (cf. Fig. +23 A, B, D, E +and +Zhang et al. 2013 b +: fig. 25 and +Jäger et al. 2015 +: figs 24, 29); (2) in dorsal view, lateral lobes ( +LL +) without ridges, length of lateral margin of lateral lobes distinctly longer than that of median margin ( +mmLL +) (vs. with distinct ridges, length of lateral margin almost equal to median margin) (cf. Fig. + +23 C, + +F and +Zhang et al. 2013 b + + +: figs 26, 31 and +Jäger et al. 2015 +: fig. 25); (3) first winding ( +FW +) distinctly thinner, ca. 1 / 15–1 / 20 of epigyne width, widely separated by ca. 15–17 × diameters (vs. relatively thicker, ca. 1 / 10–1 / 12 of epigyne width, separated by ca. 5 × diameters) (cf. Fig. + +23 C, + +F and +Zhang et al. 2013 b + + +: figs 26, 31 and +Jäger et al. 2015 +: fig. 25); (4) first winding ( +FW +) entirely covered by lateral lobes ( +LL +) (vs. anterior half of first winding ( +FW +) exposed, not covered by lateral lobes ( +LL +)) (cf. Fig. + +23 C, + +F and +Zhang et al. 2013 b + + +: figs 26, 31 and +Jäger et al. 2015 +: fig. 25). + + + + + + +Male palp of the holotype of + +Pseudopoda yangae + +sp. nov. +A. +Ventral; +B. +Dorsal. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral branch of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + +Male palp of the holotype of + +Pseudopoda yangae + +sp. nov. +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral branch of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda yangae + +sp. nov. +, male holotype, palpal bulb ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Ventral; +C. +Retrolateral; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 2 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda yangae + +sp. nov. +, female paratypes, YNZY 002 ( +A – C +) and YNZY 006 ( +D – E +), epigyne, showing the intraspecific variations exhibited by different females, related to different degrees of sclerotization of +amMF +. +A, D. +Intact, ventral; +B, E. +Cleared and macerated, ventral; +C, F. +Cleared and macerated, dorsal. Abbreviations: +aEF += anterior margin of epigynal field; +amLL += anterior margin of lateral lobes; +amMF += anterior margin of median field; +CO += copulatory opening; +FD += fertilization duct; +FW += first winding; +LL += lateral lobe; +MF += median field of epigyne; +mmLL += median margin of lateral lobes; +MS += membranous sac; +PI += posterior incision; +pmLL += posterior margin of lateral lobes; S = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (equal for +A – C +, equal for +D – E +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda yangae + +sp. nov. +, female paratypes, YNZY 002 ( +A, B +) and YNZY 006 ( +C, D +), habitus, showing the intraspecific variations exhibited by different females, related to different abdominal pattern. +A, C. +Dorsal; +B, D. +Ventral. Scale bars: 2 mm (equal for +A, B +; equal for +C, D +). + + + + + +Description. + + + +Male ( +YNZY +001). + +Total length 7.5. Carapace 3.9 long, 3.6 wide, anterior width 1.9. Opisthosoma 3.6 long, 2.4 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.19, +ALE +0.31, +PME +0.24, +PLE +0.31, +AME – AME +0.13, +AME – ALE +0.04, +PME – PME +0.20, +PME – PLE +0.27, +AME – PME +0.29, +ALE +– +PLE +0.26, + +CH + +AME +0.29, + +CH + +ALE +0.20. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2101; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – II 2126 +, +III – IV 2226 +; +Mt +: +I – II 1014 +, +III 2024 +, IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 6.0 (2.1, 1.0, 1.1, 1.8), I 19.2 (5.4, 1.8, 5.2, 5.1, 1.7), II 20.9 (5.7, 1.9, 5.8, 5.5, 2.0), III 15.3 (4.0, 1.4, 4.3, 4.1, 1.5), IV 17.6 (5.2, 1.6, 4.7, 4.5, 1.6). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 32 denticles. + + + +Colouration in ethanol +(Fig. +22 D, E +) + +. +DS +yellowish, marked with numerous small spots along radial grooves, lateral bands slightly darker, clothed with fine hairs; median band bright yellowish-brown, not distinctly delimited to lateral bands, with indistinct Ψ-shaped markings starting from behind +PER +, almost reaching fovea; fovea and striae distinctly marked. Cheliceral base yellowish white, fang reddish. Sternum yellowish white, margin slightly darker. Endites and labium light orange. Legs yellowish white, marked with numerous spots. + +OS + +oval, dorsum laterally with a pair of arc-shaped stripes, centrally with short, longitudinal median band, posteriorly with thick transverse line; venter of + +OS + +medially with a pair of indistinct, diagonal broken lines, posteriorly with triangular marking. + + + +Palp +(Figs +20 +, +21 +, +22 A – C +, +28 E +). + +Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia ( +Ti +) moderately long, ca. 2 / 3 cymbium length, with retrolateral apophysis ( + +RTA + +) arising proximally to medially; +RTA +bifurcated, both ventral and dorsal branches distinctly protruding: dorsal branch ( +dRTA +) blade-shaped, basally slightly curved, no more than 1 / 2 of the tibia length; ventral branch ( +vRTA +) almost as long as +dRTA +, claviform, basally and distally slightly widened, medially slightly narrowed. Cymbium ( +Cy +) ca. 2.1 × longer than wide, retrolaterally with distinct blunt bulge ( + +CB + +). Tegulum ( +T +) elongate-oval, proximally strongly bulged and prolapsed, distinctly excavated on prolatero-apical side to accommodate embolus (E); spermophor ( +Sp +) distinct, U-shaped in ventral view, oriented clockwise along tegular margin. Embolus (E) robust, slightly longer than tegulum, more or less ɔ-shaped in ventral view and Ƨ-shaped in prolateral view; embolic base ( + +EB + +) broadened, inserted prolaterally (approximately 9 o’clock relative to tegulum); embolic tip ( + +ET + +) distinctly curved, terminated at ~ 12 o’clock position, apex sharply pointed, directed prolaterally. Conductor (C) situated apically, irregularly shaped, covering embolic tip ( + +ET + +) in prolateral and ventral views. + + + +Female ( +YNZY +002). + +Total length 9.7. Carapace 4.5 long, 4.3 wide, anterior width 2.5. Opisthosoma 5.2 long, 3.8 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.22, +ALE +0.36, +PME +0.28, +PLE +0.34, +AME – AME +0.20, +AME – ALE +0.11, +PME – PME +0.26, +PME – PLE +0.39, +AME – PME +0.38, +ALE +– +PLE +0.37, + +CH + +AME +0.45, + +CH + +ALE +0.36. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – II 2026 +, +III – IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 1014 +, +III 2026 +, IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 6.0 (1.9, 1.1, 1.2, 1.9), I 16.7 (4.8, 2.1, 4.3, 4.1, 1.4), II 17.6 (5.2, 2.2, 4.6, 4.2, 1.5), III 14.1 (4.4, 1.8, 3.5, 3.2, 1.3), IV 15.8 (4.9, 1.7, 3.8, 4.1, 1.5). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 44 denticles. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but generally distinctly darker (Fig. +24 A, B +). + + + +Epigyne +(Fig. +23 A – C +). + +Epigynal field nearly as wide as long; anterior margin ( +aEF +) recurved, without incision; anterior bands ( + +AB + +) indistinct. Median field ( + +MF + +) more or less cordiform, large, more than 1 / 2 epigyne length and 2 / 3 epigyne width, anterior margin ( +amMF +) indistinct. Lateral lobes ( +LL +) distinctly longer than wide; anterior margins ( +amLL +) distinctly delimited, V-shaped; median margins ( +mmLL +) touching each other along the middle line in anterior half; posterior margins ( +pmLL +) curved, with distinct median indentation and distinct posterior incisions ( + +PI + +) on each side. Copulatory openings ( +CO +) indistinct, located at anterolateral borders of median field ( + +MF + +). First windings ( +FW +) entirely covered by lateral lobes ( +LL +), represented by translucent, slightly curved long tubes, starting from near copulatory openings ( +CO +), descending longitudinally, almost extending posteriorly to level of posterior parts of spermathecae (S), nearly as long as epigyne. Spermathecae (S) fist-shaped, ca. 1.5 × wider than long; relatively sclerotised, surface wrinkled, provided with several depressions and lateral hump; inner parts of the spermathecae covered by membranous sac ( +MS +), separated by 0.3 × widths. Membranous sac ( +MS +) hyaline, nearly trapeziform, located at posterior portion of vulva; anterior margin separated from epigastric fold by ca. 1 / 2 epigyne length, beyond the contact point of lateral lobes ( +LL +); posterior margin close to the epigastric fold. Fertilization ducts ( + +FD + +) acicular, membranous, nearly 1 / 2 spermathecae length. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Presently known only from the +type +locality (Fig. +1 +). + + + + +Comments. + + +Both males and females exhibit some morphological variation among different individuals: for males, mostly related to different shapes of +vRTA +and +dRTA +( +vRTA +medially slightly narrowed, and +dRTA +apically more sharp in some males, such as in +holotype +, +YNZY +001 vs. +vRTA +medially more narrowed, +dRTA +apically more blunt in some males, such as in +YNZY +005; cf. Fig. +28 E +and Fig. +28 F +); for females, mostly related to different degrees of sclerotization of +amMF +and curve of +amLL +( +amMF +indistinct, +amLL +relatively straight in some females, such as in +YNZY +002 vs. +amMF +distinct, +amLL +distinctly curved in some females, such as in +YNZY +006; cf. Fig. +23 A, B +and Fig. +23 D, E +), and the different abdominal pattern (dorsum of abdomen posteriorly with a narrow, W-shaped transverse line in some females, such as in +YNZY +002 vs. with a broad, W-shaped transverse band in some females, such as in +YNZY +006; cf. Fig. +24 A +and Fig. +24 C +). However, all molecular species delimitation analyses results show that the different individuals exhibiting considerable morphological variations should be classified as the same species (Fig. +2 +; for details see the results and discussion section). After careful examination, the variations listed above were determined to be intraspecific differences. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/5C/76/6C/5C766CB3A6245F5282B3C953A0917625.xml b/data/5C/76/6C/5C766CB3A6245F5282B3C953A0917625.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5cc3004f4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/5C/76/6C/5C766CB3A6245F5282B3C953A0917625.xml @@ -0,0 +1,341 @@ + + + +Sinocrassula holotricha (Crassulaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China + + + +Author + +Xu, Zhi-Bai +https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3565-0777 +School of South Asian and Southeast Asian Languages and Cultures, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China + + + +Author + +Zhao, Jing +0000-0001-7871-2209 +School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Li, Rong-Juan +https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2667-398X +School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Jiang, Hong +0000-0002-3509-3708 +Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China + + + +Author + +Wang, Jia-Guan +0000-0003-0264-9180 +School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Chen, Chao +0000-0001-9533-7340 +Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropic Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +251 + + +241 +250 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.251.134633 + + + + + +Sinocrassula holotricha +J. Guan Wang, Jing Zhao & Chao Chen + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 2 +, +3 + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +China +• +Sichuan +: +Jiulong County +, elev. ca. + +2384 m + +, + +28.832849 ° N +, +101.612746 ° E + +, on the granite crevices, + +7 July 2023 + +, +Jing Zhao et al. YUS- 13475 +( +holotype +: +YUKU +!; +isotypes +: +YUKU +!) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Morphologically, + +Sinocrassula holotricha + +is similar to + +S. ambigua + +and + +S. jiaozishanensis + +, but clearly differs from the latter two by its hairy plants (vs. glabrous), and similar to + +S. yunnanensis +(Franch) A. Berger + +in having hairy plant, but differs from the latter in basal leaves opposite (vs. rosette), orangish-red (vs. yellowish green) petals, and ligulate (vs. quadrate) nectar scales (Table +2 +). The new species with the combined morphological characters of hairy plants and lack of basal rosette is obviously different from these known species. + + + + +Description. + + +Plants terrestrial or lithophytic, perennial, +15–20 cm +tall, hairy throughout (Figs +2 A +, +3 G, H +). Roots fibrous. Leaves without basal rosettes, basal leaves opposite, oblanceolate-rounded, 2.0–2.5 × 2.0– +2.5 cm +, stem leaves oblanceolate - oblong, 2.5–3.0 × +1.2–1.5 cm +, apex cuspidate, (Figs +2 A +, +3 G, H +). Sterile stems short, 8.0–15.0 cm tall, simple, slightly thickened to the base, 5.0–7.0 mm in diam. (Fig. +2 A +). Flowering stems elongated, +5–10 cm +, sparely leafy, hairy; stem leaves nearly opposite, ± orbicular at base, upward obovate, hairy (Fig. +2 A, B +). Inflorescences corymbiform, densely orange papillate, ca. 7.0 cm in diam. (Fig. +2 A, B +); bracts few, obovate-lanceolate, pubescent and glandular (Fig. +2 G, H +). Flowers small, ca. 4.5–5.0 × 3.5–4.0 mm in diam; pedicels purple, slightly longer than flowers (Fig. +2 A, B, I +). Sepals obovate-triangle, ca. 2.5–3.5 × 1.0– +1.5 mm +, minutely and densely orange papillate, apex obtuse, base rounded (Fig. +2 K +). Petals yellowish white, deeply orange upward, ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–4.2 × 1.0– +1.5 mm +, minutely papillate abaxially (Fig. +2 L +). Stamens slightly shorter than petals, ca. 3.0 mm (Fig. +2 M +). Nectar scales nearly ligulate, ca. 0.45–0.50 × +0.25–0.30 mm +(Fig. +2 N +). Carpels 5, lanceolate, 3.0– +3.3 mm +(Fig. +2 J +). Styles short, ca. +0.5–0.7 mm +(Fig. +2 J +). Flower Jun. – Oct. + + + + + + + +Sinocrassula holotricha + +A +habit +B +inflorescence +C +, +D +basal leaves +E +, +F +stem leaves +G, H +bracts +I +flower +J +carpels +K +sepal +L +petals +M +stamen +N +nectar scale. + + + + + +Distribution and habitat. + + + +Sinocrassula holotricha + +is known only from the west and south west +Sichuan +in +China +. Two populations were found on granite crevices, dry stony, or gravelly slopes at elevations of ca. +1500–2400 m +(Fig. +3 +). + + + + + + + +Sinocrassula holotricha + +A – D +habitats +E, F +immature plants +G, H +flowering plants. + + + + + +Additional specimens examined. + + + + +China + +• + +Sichuan + +: +Yuexi County +, elev. ca. + +1522 m + +, + +28.704771 ° N +, +102.596450 ° E + +, on the granite crevices, + +5 July 2023 + +, +Jing Zhao et al. YUS- 12867 +( +YUKU +!) + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet +holotricha +is derived from the Latin +holo +, meaning whole, and “ trichome, ” meaning hair, in reference to the plants covered by pubescence throughout. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/65/3A/A8/653AA85108745EF084B5E66806ACB5AA.xml b/data/65/3A/A8/653AA85108745EF084B5E66806ACB5AA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..19b19984a9b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/65/3A/A8/653AA85108745EF084B5E66806ACB5AA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,618 @@ + + + +Taxonomic note of Parnassia (Celastraceae): the identity of P. yui + + + +Author + +Wang, Shi-Qi +College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Xue-Mei +College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China + + + +Author + +Shu, Yu-Min +0000-0002-7338-8275 +College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China & Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resource Conservation (Ministry of Education), Nanchong 637002, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +251 + + +251 +256 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.251.140807 + + + + + + + +Parnassia yui +Jien (1963: 256) + + + + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +China +• +Yunnan +, +Salwin-Kiukiang Divide +, northeast of +Sinpu +, under bamboo thickets, + +3000 m + +, + +14 September 1938 + +, + +T +. +T +. Yu 20238 + +( +holotype +: +PE 01842927 +!; +isotypes +: +PE 01842926 +!, +KUN 1205235 +!, +KUN 1205238 +!) + + + + + +Description. + + +Perennial herbs, glabrous. Rhizome sympodial. Stems 1 to 4, slender, +3–16 cm +, with a tiny cauline leaf near middle. Basal leaves 1 to 7, petiole +1–4.5 cm +; blade reniform, broad cordate or orbicular, 0.2–2.4 × +0.2–2.8 cm +, base cordate, apex rounded or apiculate. Flower +0.8–1.5 cm +in diam.; hypanthium turbinate. Sepals oblong, ovate or lanceolate, 2–3 × +1–2 mm +, margin entire, apex acute. Petals white, densely purple-brown punctuate when dried, oblanceolate, triangular-ovate, to ovate-spartulate, 3–6 × +1.5–3.5 mm +, base contracted into a claw ca. +2 mm +, margin long fimbriate proximally, entire distally, apex acute to rounded-obtuse. Anthers ellipsoid, filaments +2–2.5 mm +. Staminodes flat, broadly spatulate, 2 × +1–2 mm +, apex shallowly 3 - lobed, dentate, undulate or rounded. Ovary superior, broadly ovoid; style ca. +1 mm +; stigma 3 - lobed. Capsule depressed ovoid. Seeds brown, glossy, oblong. + + + + +Phenology. + +Flowering from July to September, fruiting from August to October. + + + +Distribution. + + +China +, +Myanmar +and +India +. + + + + +Habitats. + + +Under shrubs, grassy rocks, ledges and slopes at an elevation of +3000–3900 m +. + + + + +Additional specimens examined. + + + + +China +. +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County + +: • + +3252 m + +alt., + +21 August 2024 + +, + +Y +. +M +. +Shu +et. al. s 1166 + +( +SITC +) + +; • + + +3336 m + +, + +21 August 2024 + +, + +Y +. +M +. +Shu +et. al. s 1168 + +( +SITC +) + +; • + + +3399 m + +alt., + +21 August 2024 + +, + +Y +. +M +. +Shu +et. al. s 1170 + +( +SITC +); + +30 July 2013 + +, + +X. +H +. +Jin +et al. st 1518 + +( +PE 01979311 +!) + +; • + + +3600 m + +alt., + +29 July 2013 + +, + +X. +H +. +Jin +et al. + +st 1357 ( +PE +!) + +; • + + +3300 m + +alt., + +22 July 2013 + +, + +X. +H +. +Jin +et al. +ST 0741 + +( +PE +!); + +2 September 2011 + +, + +S +. +X. Yu +et al. 6521 + +( +PE +!); + +24 August 2009 + +, +WWZ 126 +( +KUN +!) + +; • + + +3250 m + +alt., + +19 September 2003 + +, + +J +. +H +. +Chen +3051 + +( +KUN +!) + +; • + + +3600 m + +, + +19 September 2003 + +, + +J +. +H +. +Chen +3053 + +( +KUN +!); + +19 August 2003 + +, + +J +. +M +. +Lu +et al. 2319 + +( +KUN +!) + +; • + + +3080 m + +alt., + +2 October 2002 + +, + +Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey +16895 + +( +CAS 0321223 +!) + +; • + + +3400 m + +alt., + +9 September 1940 + +, + +K +. +M +. +Feng +7619 + +( +PE 00866103 +!, +KUN 0437239 +!, +KUN 0437240 +!) + +; • + + +3300 m + +alt., + +20 August 1937 + +, + +T +. +T +. +Yu +22447 + +( +PE 01982464 +!, +PE 01982465 +!, +PE 00866102 +!) + +; • + + +3100 m + +alt., + +1 October 1935 + +, + +Q +. +W +. +Wang +67226 + +( +PE 00866104 +!) + +; + + +Fugong County + +: • + +3700 m + +alt., + +16 August 2005 + +, + +H +. +Li +et al. 28515 + +( +CAS 0321224 +!) + +; • + + +20 August 2003 + +, + +2800 m + +alt., + +J +. +M +. +Lu +et +L +. +M +. +Gao +2327 + +( +KUN +!) + +; + + +Lushui County + +: • + +3050 m + +alt., + +08 August 2011 + +, + +X. +H +. +Jin +et al. 11171 + +( +PE 02025103 +!) + +. + + + + +Myanmar +. + +• + +3600 m + +, + +30 August 1919 + +, + +F +. Kingdon Ward. 3599 + +( +E 00275515 +photo!) + +. + + + + +Conservation status. + + +The conservation status of both + +P. farreri + +and + +P. yui + +have not been evaluated before. At present, + +P. farreri + +has been reported from +China +, +Myanmar +and +India +. Based on our field investigations, numerous individuals could be easily discovered under shrubs, in grassy slopes or on ledges, indicating the population survives and regenerates well. Thus, we propose to list + +P. farreri + +as Least Concern ( + +LC + +) according to the +IUCN +Red List Categories and Criteria ( +IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/72/12/02/7212021E66745105B8437EAABC79DF8C.xml b/data/72/12/02/7212021E66745105B8437EAABC79DF8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9a7818848d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/72/12/02/7212021E66745105B8437EAABC79DF8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,706 @@ + + + +Species delimitation of newly collected spiders of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China: An integrated morphological and molecular approach + + + +Author + +Zhang, Jianshuang +0000-0003-4010-3082 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Pan, Tianqin +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, He +0000-0002-1478-9837 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China & Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei, China & Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei, China + + + +Author + +Xing, Yuanqian +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Hao +0000-0002-9113-2425 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhong, Yang +0000-0002-0517-4582 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +101 + + +1 + + +141 +171 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.136177 +29911097-4CEB-47ED-8CF4-13B5D1737E10 + + + + + +Pseudopoda xiaozhua +J. Zhang, H. Yu & Y. Zhong + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 +, +16 +, +17 +, +18 +, +19 +, +28 D + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +♂ +( +YNZY 003 +), +China +: • +Yunnan +Pro.: +Honghe Hani +and +Yi Autonomous Prefecture +, +Luechun Co. +, + +Huanglianshan +Mt +. + +, + +22.99 ° N +, +102.46 ° E + +, c. + +1940 m + +, by hand, + +16 IV 2024 + +, +Y. Zhong +& +S. Yang +leg. + + +Paratypes + + +: • +1 ♂ +2 ♀ +( +YNZY 004 +, +YNZY 018 +, +YNZY 019 +), same data as holotype. + + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin +xiǎo zhuǎ +, which means ‘ small claw’, referring to the embolic tip, which is shaped like an unguiculus; noun in apposition. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The males of new species can be easily distinguished from those of all other congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) embolus (E) almost as long as tegulum ( +T +), nearly column-shaped, distally with a small claw-shaped tip ( + +ET + +), as in Figs +16 A +, +17 A, B +, +18 A – C +(vs. embolus (E) not as above); (2) tegulum ( +T +) with a heavily sclerotised, strongly expanded tegular apophysis ( + +TA + +), as in Figs +16 A +, +17 A, B +, +18 A – C +(vs. tegular apophysis ( + +TA + +) absent). Female of + +P. xiaozhua + +sp. nov. +is very similar to that of + +P. mingshengi + +Yang & Zhang, +2022 in + + +the general appearance of the median field ( + +MF + +) and vulva, but can be recognised by: (1) anterior margin of epigyne ( +aEF +) with two small v-shaped incisions that are well separated by at least 3 × widths (vs. two wide incisions closely spaced, +aEF +nearly W-shaped) (cf. Fig. +19 A, B +and +Yang et al. 2022 +: figs 2 D, 3 D); (2) membranous sac ( +MS +) disc-shaped, located at posterior portion of vulva, anterior margin not beyond the contact point of lateral lobes ( +LL +) (vs. membranous sac ( +MS +) triangular, located at central portion, posterior margin beyond the contact point) (cf. Fig. +19 C +and +Yang et al. 2022 +: figs 2 E, 3 E). + + + + + + +Male palp of the holotype of + +Pseudopoda xiaozhua + +sp. nov. +A. +Ventral; +B. +Dorsal. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +TA += tegular apophysis; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral part of +RTA +. Scale bar: 1 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + +Male palp of the holotype of + +Pseudopoda xiaozhua + +sp. nov. +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +TA += tegular apophysis; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral part of +RTA +. Scale bar: 1 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda xiaozhua + +sp. nov. +, male holotype, palpal bulb ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Ventral; +C. +Retrolateral; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +TA += tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (equal for +A – C +); 2 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda xiaozhua + +sp. nov. +, female paratype, epigyne ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Intact; ventral; +B. +Cleared and macerated; ventral; +C. +Cleared and macerated; dorsal; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: +AB += anterior band; +aEF += anterior margin of epigynal field; +amLL += anterior margin of lateral lobes; +CO += copulatory opening; +FD += fertilization duct; +FW += first winding; +LL += lateral lobe; +MF += median field of epigyne; +mmLL += median margin of lateral lobes; +MS += membranous sac; +PI += posterior incision; +pmLL += posterior margin of lateral lobes; S = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 2 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + +Description. + + + +Male ( +YNZY +003). + +Total length 10.9. Carapace 5.5 long, 5.2 wide; anterior width 2.7. Opisthosoma 5.4 long, 3.6 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.31, +ALE +0.44, +PME +0.36, +PLE +0.42, +AME – AME +0.19, +AME – ALE +0.09, +PME – PME +0.27, +PME – PLE +0.41, +AME – PME +0.37, +ALE +– +PLE +0.37, + +CH + +AME +0.58, + +CH + +ALE +0.45. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2101; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – II 2026 +, +III – IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 1014 +, +III 2024 +, IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 8.4 (2.7, 1.3, 1.4, 3.0), I 27.7 (7.4, 3.5, 6.3, 7.8, 2.7), II 30.3 (8.1, 3.0, 8.2, 8.3, 2.7), III 23.0 (6.5, 2.4, 6.0, 6.2, 1.9), IV 26.6 (7.6, 2.4, 6.5, 7.9, 2.2). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 50 denticles. + + + +Colouration in ethanol +(Fig. +18 D, E +) + +. +DS +yellowish brown, marked with numerous small spots along radial grooves, clothed with fine hairs; lateral bands and median band inconspicuous, not distinctly delimited; cervical groove not distinct, fovea and radial grooves distinct. Cheliceral base light brown, with red fang. Sternum yellowish-white, margin slightly darker. Endites and labium coloured as cheliceral base. Legs coloured as +DS +, with numerous spots, and bearing short spines. + +OS + +oval, dorsum laterally with bright patterns, centrally with Y-shaped median band, with a pair of circular dots on each side of the median band, posteriorly with large ‘) (‘ - shaped black pattern, transverse line indistinct; venter of + +OS + +medially with a pair of diagonal broken lines. + + + +Palp +(Figs +16 +, +17 +, +18 A – C +, +28 D +). + +Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia ( +Ti +) moderately long, ca. 2 / 5 cymbium length, with retrolateral apophysis ( + +RTA + +) arising proximally to medially; +RTA +bifurcated, with ventral part ( +vRTA +) and dorsal branch ( +dRTA +): +dRTA +finger-like, distinctly long, nearly as long as tibia, almost reaching cymbial bulge ( + +CB + +); +vRTA +humble and broad base and papilliform apex, ca. 1 / 2 of +dRTA +length. Cymbium ( +Cy +) ca. 2.1 × longer than wide, basoretrolaterally with distinct, nearly triangular bulge ( + +CB + +). Tegulum ( +T +) egg-shaped, ca. 1.15 × longer than wide, relatively flattened, prolatero-apically slightly excavated, with heavily sclerotised tegular apophysis ( + +TA + +); spermophor ( +Sp +) distinct, V-shaped in ventral view. Tegular apophysis ( + +TA + +) strongly expanded, inserted at apico-prolateral portion of tegulum; proximally exposed and petal-shaped; mesially and distally digitiform, hidden behind embolus. Embolus (E) almost as long as tegulum ( +T +); basally and mesially thick and robust, nearly column-shaped, originated at ~ 8–9 o’clock; embolic tip ( + +ET + +) distinctly narrowed and curved, claw-shaped in ventral view, apex sharp, terminated at ~ 11 o’clock position. Conductor (C) membranous, ca. 1 / 2 of the embolus length, extending obliquely, arising at ca. 1 o’clock position from tegulum, terminating at c. 11 o’clock position; conductor (C) proximally narrowed, its tip widened, shaped like the membranous wing of hymenoptera, directed prolaterally and apically beyond embolic tip ( + +ET + +). + + + +Female ( +YNZY +004). + +Total length 13.4. Carapace 6.3 long, 5.5 wide; anterior width 3.3. Opisthosoma 7.1 long, 5.1 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.32, +ALE +0.47, +PME +0.37, +PLE +0.41, +AME – AME +0.18, +AME – ALE +0.07, +PME – PME +0.32, +PME – PLE +0.51, +AME – PME +0.42, +ALE +– +PLE +0.42, + +CH + +AME +0.63, + +CH + +ALE +0.51. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – IV 2026 +; +Mt +: +I – II 1014 +, +III 2024 +, IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 8.0 (2.5, 1.3, 1.7, 2.5), I 21.4 (6.4, 2.8, 5.1, 5.3, 1.8), II 22.4 (6.8, 2.6, 5.6, 5.7, 1.7), III 18.9 (6.0, 2.5, 4.8, 4.5, 1.1), IV 21.0 (6.5, 2.4, 5.3, 5.5, 1.3). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 56 denticles. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but generally distinctly darker (Fig. +19 D, E +). + + + +Epigyne +(Fig. +19 A – C +). + +Epigynal field ca. 1.5 × wider than long; anterior margin ( +aEF +) trilobate, with two small v-shaped incisions that are well separated by at least 3 × widths; anterior bands ( + +AB + +) indistinct, situated at the two incisions. Median field ( + +MF + +) nearly heart-shaped, relatively small, no more than 1 / 3 epigyne length and 1 / 4 epigyne width. Lateral lobes ( +LL +) distinctly longer than wide, slightly converged on the central axis; anterior margins ( +amLL +) distinctly procurved and delimited; median margins ( +mmLL +) touching each other along the middle line in anterior half; posterior margins ( +pmLL +) with incision ( + +PI + +) on each side. Copulatory openings ( +CO +) indistinct, located at anterolateral margins of median field ( + +MF + +). First windings ( +FW +) represented by translucent, membranous short tube, starting from near copulatory openings ( +CO +), descending obliquely, moving laterally to basolateral surfaces of spermathecae (S), ca. 1 / 2 of epigyne length. Spermathecae (S) clavate, at least 2.7 longer than diameters; surface wrinkled, provided with several depressions and anterior hump; spermathecae (S) widely separated by ca. 2.4 × diameters. Membranous sac ( +MS +) disc-shaped, located at posterior portion of vulva; anterior margin separated from epigastric fold by ca. 1 / 3 epigyne length, reaching the contact point of median margins of lateral lobes ( +mmLL +); posterior margin close to the epigastric fold. Fertilization ducts ( + +FD + +) acicular, membranous, nearly 1 / 2 spermathecae length, proximally covered by membranous sac ( +MS +). + + + + +Distribution. + + +Presently known only from the +type +locality (Fig. +1 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7D/24/D7/7D24D7C6C379531F8CBC5054A92797B6.xml b/data/7D/24/D7/7D24D7C6C379531F8CBC5054A92797B6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0066035183a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7D/24/D7/7D24D7C6C379531F8CBC5054A92797B6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,710 @@ + + + +Species delimitation of newly collected spiders of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China: An integrated morphological and molecular approach + + + +Author + +Zhang, Jianshuang +0000-0003-4010-3082 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Pan, Tianqin +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, He +0000-0002-1478-9837 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China & Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei, China & Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei, China + + + +Author + +Xing, Yuanqian +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Hao +0000-0002-9113-2425 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhong, Yang +0000-0002-0517-4582 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +101 + + +1 + + +141 +171 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.136177 +29911097-4CEB-47ED-8CF4-13B5D1737E10 + + + + + +Pseudopoda mamillaris +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, 2023 + + + + + +Figs 1 +, +8 +, +9 +, +10 +, +11 +, +28 B + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda mamillaris + +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, in + +Zhang et al. 2023 a +: 176 + +, figs 159 A, C, 160 A, B ( +♀ +). + + + + + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +♀ +( +CBEE +, +LJ 202002615 +), +China +: • +Yunnan +Pro.: +Honghe Hani +and +Yi Autonomous Prefecture +, +Luechun Co. +, +Martyr Cemetery +, + +22.99 ° N +, +102.45 ° E + +, c. + +1940 m + +, by hand, + +11 VII 2020 + +, +R +. +Zhong +et al. leg. +Examined. + + + + + +Material examined. + + +• + +2 ♂ +, +2 ♀ +( +YNZY 009 +, +YNZY 010 +, +YNZY 022 +, +YNZY 023 +), same locality as holotype, by hand, + +15 IV 2024 + +, +Y. Zhong +& +S. Yang +leg. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Male of + +P. mamillaris + +is similar to that of + +P. platembola +Jäger, 2001 + +, in having a similar sickle-shaped embolus (E) and petal-shaped conductor (C). However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: (1) in ventral view, embolus (E) is apically rugged and as wide as its middle section (vs. apically not rugged, pointed) (cf. Figs +8 A +, +10 B +, and +Jäger 2001 +: figs 35 b, g, i); (2) dorsal branch of +RTA +( +dRTA +) tip not curved (vs. slightly or distinctly curved) (cf. Figs +8 A, B +, +9 B +, +28 B +, and +Jäger 2001 +: figs 35 a – c, f – h); (3) +RTA +inserted closer to cymbium ( +Cy +), both +dRTA +and +vRTA +separated from cymbium ( +Cy +) by approximately half of the tibial ( +Ti +) diameter (vs. inserted farther, both +dRTA +and +vRTA +separated from cymbium ( +Cy +) by more than one tibial ( +Ti +) diameter) (cf. Figs +8 A, B +and +Jäger 2001 +: figs 35 b, g). For the female diagnosis, see +Zhang et al. (2023 a +). + + + + + + +Male palp of the topotype of + +Pseudopoda mamillaris + +. +A. +Ventral; +B. +Dorsal. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral branch of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + +Male palp of the topotype of + +Pseudopoda mamillaris + +. +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral branch of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + +Description. + + + +Male ( +YNZY +009). + +Total length 7.3. Carapace 3.6 long, 3.5 wide, anterior width 1.8. Opisthosoma 3.8 long, 2.6 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.19, +ALE +0.30, +PME +0.23, +PLE +0.31, +AME – AME +0.14, +AME – ALE +0.06, +PME – PME +0.23, +PME – PLE +0.26, +AME – PME +0.28, +ALE +– +PLE +0.23, + +CH + +AME +0.32, + +CH + +ALE +0.27. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2111; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – III 101, IV 100; +Ti +: +I – II 2226 +, +III – IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 2024 +, III – IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 5.2 (1.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.7), I 15.3 (4.4, 1.5, 3.8, 4.2, 1.4), II 15.9 (4.5, 1.9, 4.2, 3.8, 1.5), III 13.1 (3.8, 1.4, 3.4, 3.3, 1.2), IV 14.7 (4.0, 1.7, 4.0, 3.6, 1.4). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 26 denticles. + + + +Colouration in ethanol +(Fig. +10 D, E +) + +. +DS +yellowish brown, with numerous dark spots; lateral bands and margin slightly darker, clothed with thin hairs; median band bright yellowish-brown, without distinct pattern, not distinctly delimited to lateral bands; fovea and radial grooves distinctly marked. Cheliceral base yellowish white, with red fangs. Sternum uniformly yellowish. Endites and labium reddish orange, darker distally. Legs coloured as +DS +, with numerous brown spots, and covered by short spines. + +OS + +elongate-oval; dorsum with indistinct median band starting from behind pedicel, extending to 4 / 5 of abdomen length, almost reaching the indistinct transverse yellow line; median band anteriorly represented by a longitudinal brown line, with two light brown and reniform patches on each side, the latter half distinctly widened and not clearly delimited, with three pairs of circular spots located at lateral part; ventral + +OS + +basically yellowish, centrally marked with three pairs of purplish dots. + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda mamillaris + +, male topotype, palpal bulb ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Ventral; +C. +Retrolateral; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 1 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + +Palp +(Figs +8 +, +9 +, +10 A – C +, +28 B +) + +. Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia ( +Ti +) moderately long, ca. 3 / 5 cymbium length, with retrolateral apophysis ( + +RTA + +) arising mesially; +RTA +bifurcated, ɔ-shaped in retrolateral view, both ventral and dorsal branches distinctly protruding: dorsal branch ( +dRTA +) finger-like, slightly curved and tapering, ca. 3 / 5 of tibia length, extending to cymbial base; ventral branch ( +vRTA +) thumb-like, relatively short, ca. 1 / 2 length of +dRTA +, apex round. Cymbium ( +Cy +) ca. 1.9 × longer than wide, cymbial bulge ( + +CB + +) indistinct. Tegulum ( +T +) oval, ca. 1.2 × longer than wide, posteriorly slightly bulged, slightly excavated on prolatero-apical side to accommodate embolus (E) and conductor (C); spermophor ( +Sp +) sinuate, forming a loop along tegular margin. Embolus (E) wide and flattened, nearly Ƨ-shaped in ventral view, ca. 3 / 4 of tegulum length and 1 / 6–1 / 5 of tegulum width; the embolic base ( + +EB + +) situated prolateral on the tegulum (ca. 9–10 o’clock on tegulum); the free part of the embolus (E) sickle-shaped; the embolic tip ( + +ET + +) apically rugged, terminated at ca. 12 o’clock position. Conductor (C) membranous, ca. 1 / 3 of embolus length, thick, more or less petal-shaped, inserted apically (approximately 12 o’ lock relative to tegulum), covering embolic tip ( + +ET + +) in prolateral and ventral views. + + + +Female ( +YNZY +010). + +Total length 9.2. Carapace 3.8 long, 3.4 wide, anterior width 2.0. Opisthosoma 5.4 long, 4.0 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.20, +ALE +0.31, +PME +0.25, +PLE +0.33, +AME – AME +0.16, +AME – ALE +0.06, +PME – PME +0.21, +PME – PLE +0.29, +AME – PME +0.31, +ALE +– +PLE +0.31, + +CH + +AME +0.32, + +CH + +ALE +0.23. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – III 2026 +, +IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 2024 +, +III 2026 +, IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp: 4.3 (1.3, 0.7, 0.9, 1.4), I 11.0 (3.4, 1.2, 2.6, 2.8, 1.0), II 12.1 (3.7, 1.6, 3.1, 2.6, 1.1), III 9.6 (2.9, 1.1, 2.4, 2.3, 0.9), IV 10.6 (3.1, 1.3, 2.7, 2.5, 1.0). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 26 denticles. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but body slightly darker (Fig. +11 D, E +; see +Zhang et al. (2023 a +) for others described). + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda mamillaris + +, female topotype, epigyne ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Intact, ventral; +B. +Cleared and macerated, ventral; +C. +Cleared and macerated, dorsal; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: +AB += anterior band; +aEF += anterior margin of epigynal field; +amLL += anterior margin of lateral lobes; +CO += copulatory opening; +FD += fertilization duct; +FW += first winding; +LL += lateral lobe; +MF += median field of epigyne; +mmLL += median margin of lateral lobes; +MS += membranous sac; +pmLL += posterior margin of lateral lobes; S = spermatheca; +SA += spermathecal appendage. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 2 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + +Epigyne +(Fig. +11 A – C +). + +Epigynal field ca. 1.27 × wider than long; anterior margin ( +aEF +) distinctly delimited, trilobate, anterolaterally with two large v-shaped incisions that are well separated by at ca. 2 × widths; anterior bands ( + +AB + +) indistinct, situated at the two incisions. Median field ( + +MF + +) anterior margin invisible, large, ca. 1 / 2 epigyne length and as wide as epigyne. Lateral lobes ( +LL +) nearly as wide as long; anterior margins ( +amLL +) distinctly recurved; median margins ( +mmLL +) entirely touching each other along the middle line; posterior margins ( +pmLL +) distinctly procurved; posterior incision ( + +PI + +) absent. Copulatory openings ( +CO +) indistinct, located at basolateral borders of median field ( + +MF + +). First windings ( +FW +) hyaline, shaped like inverted triangles, starting from copulatory openings ( +CO +), descending longitudinally, tapering posteriorly; two first windings ( +FW +) separated by ca. one diameter. Spermatheca (S) nearly ‘ ∞ ’ - shaped, consisting of inner part and lateral part; inner part spherical, touching median margin of lateral lobe ( +mmLL +), entirely covered by membranous sac ( +MS +) in dorsal view; lateral part shaped like water droplet, anterolaterally with globular appendage ( + +SA + +), entirely covered by first winding ( +FW +) in dorsal view. Membranous sac ( +MS +) nearly trapeziform, located at posterior portion of vulva; anterior margin almost straight, ca. 1 / 3 epigyne width, separated from epigastric fold by ca. 2 / 5 epigyne length; posterior margin also nearly straight, ca. 2 / 3 epigyne width, reaching posterior margins of lateral lobes ( +pmLL +). Fertilization ducts ( + +FD + +) acicular, membranous, ca. 1 / 2 length of first windings. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Known only from the +type +locality (Fig. +1 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/95/DE/8C/95DE8C39D32851E98C09ED72ECF4596D.xml b/data/95/DE/8C/95DE8C39D32851E98C09ED72ECF4596D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f6e6edc829f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/95/DE/8C/95DE8C39D32851E98C09ED72ECF4596D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ + + + +Species delimitation of newly collected spiders of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China: An integrated morphological and molecular approach + + + +Author + +Zhang, Jianshuang +0000-0003-4010-3082 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Pan, Tianqin +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, He +0000-0002-1478-9837 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China & Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei, China & Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei, China + + + +Author + +Xing, Yuanqian +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Hao +0000-0002-9113-2425 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhong, Yang +0000-0002-0517-4582 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +101 + + +1 + + +141 +171 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.136177 +29911097-4CEB-47ED-8CF4-13B5D1737E10 + + + + +Genus + +Pseudopoda +Jäger, 2000 + + + + + + +Type +species. + + + + +Sarotes promptus +O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 + +, from Murree ( +Pakistan +) and +Himachal Pradesh +( +India +). + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +See +Zhang et al. (2023 a +) and +Wu et al. (2024) +. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Its distribution range extends west to Murree in +Pakistan +(approximately +73 ° E +), east to the Ryukyu Islands in +Japan +(approximately +128 ° E +), south to Kaeng Krachan National Park in +Phetchaburi Province +, +Thailand +(approximately +13 ° N +), and north to Taibaishan National Forest Park in +Shaanxi Province +, +China +(approximately +34 ° N +). Also can refer to MAP +1 in +Zhang et al. (2023 a +). + + + + +Comments. + + +Up to now, a total of nine + +Pseudopoda +species + +groups have been proposed, and 67 species were clearly assigned. Among them, the + +daliensis + +- group (five species), +signata +- group (seven species), and +interposita +- group (two species) were established based on both molecular and morphological characteristics by +Zhang et al. (2017 +, +2019 +) and +Li et al. (2019) +, respectively. The remaining six were all established by +Jäger (2001) +based on genitalic morphological characters to accommodate 42 species: the +diversipunctata +- group (three species), +latembola +- group (seven species), +martensi +- group (13 species), +parvipunctata +- group (eight species), +prompta +- group (nine species), and +schwendingeri +- group (two species). After the establishment of these species groups, at least 11 species were clearly assigned to these groups in the original papers: four were allocated to the +diversipunctata +group by +Jäger et al. (2006) +and +Yang et al. (2022) +, four were allocated to the +martensi +group by +Jäger (2008) +, +Zhang et al. (2013 b +), and +Caleb et al. (2018) +, two were allocated to the +prompta +group by +Jäger (2008) +and +Zhang et al. (2023 a +), and one was allocated to the +schwendingeri +group by +Jäger et al. (2015) +. + + +It is evident that the number of species clearly assigned to these species groups accounts for about a quarter of the total species in the genus. In contrast, the remaining nearly 200 species, including a large number of recently described species, cannot be allocated ( +Jiang et al. 2018 +; +Deng et al. 2023 +; +Gong et al. 2023 +; +Zhang et al. 2023 a +; +Chang et al. 2024 +; +Wen et al. 2024 +; +Wu et al. 2024 +). Sorting + +Pseudopoda +species + +into species groups is highly challenging. The possible reasons for this have been discussed in detail in +Zhang et al. (2023 a +) and will not be repeated here. + + +We have also attempted to group the six species treated in this paper based on both morphological and molecular data but were unable to do so. While + +P. ying + +sp. nov. +can be clearly assigned to the + +daliensis + +group (as it exhibits typical features of the + +daliensis + +group and resembles + +P. sicyoidea +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, 2017 + +, the core species of this group, and the grouping is also supported by molecular data), the remaining five species cannot be assigned to any of the existing nine species groups. Furthermore, reviewing the species groups of the genus is not within the scope of this work. Therefore, we refrain from assigning species (except + +P. ying + +sp. nov. +) to species groups in the current paper. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/B1/62/8C/B1628CEAE29457419550B6B8B1E81427.xml b/data/B1/62/8C/B1628CEAE29457419550B6B8B1E81427.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..05c6410ee00 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B1/62/8C/B1628CEAE29457419550B6B8B1E81427.xml @@ -0,0 +1,721 @@ + + + +Species delimitation of newly collected spiders of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China: An integrated morphological and molecular approach + + + +Author + +Zhang, Jianshuang +0000-0003-4010-3082 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Pan, Tianqin +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, He +0000-0002-1478-9837 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China & Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei, China & Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei, China + + + +Author + +Xing, Yuanqian +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Hao +0000-0002-9113-2425 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhong, Yang +0000-0002-0517-4582 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +101 + + +1 + + +141 +171 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.136177 +29911097-4CEB-47ED-8CF4-13B5D1737E10 + + + + + +Pseudopoda oliviformis +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, 2023 + + + + + +Figs 1 +, +12 +, +13 +, +14 +, +15 +, +28 C + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda oliviformis + +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, in + +Zhang et al. 2023 a +: 210 + +, figs 191 A, C, 192 A, B ( +♀ +). + + + + + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +♀ +( +CBEE +, +LJ 2140 +), +China +: • +Yunnan +Pro.: +Honghe Hani +and +Yi Autonomous Prefecture +, +Luechun Co. +, +Martyr Cemetery +, + +22.99 ° N +, +102.45 ° E + +, c. + +1934 m + +, by hand, + +30 X 2015 + +, +Y. Zhong +& +Y. Zhu +leg. +Examined. + + + + + +New material examined. + + +• + +2 ♂ +, +2 ♀ +( +YNZY 011 +, +YNZY 012 +, +YNZY 015 +, +YNZY 016 +), same locality as holotype, by hand, + +15 IV 2024 + +, +Y. Zhong +& +S. Yang +leg. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Both sexes of + +P. oliviformis + +resemble those of + +P. zixiensis +Zhao & Li, +2018 in + +the general shape of the male palp, the epigynal plate, and vulva. The palps of the two species share the similarly shaped embolus (E), which has a torsional tip, and the finger-like dorsal branch of +RTA +( +dRTA +), but differ in the following: (1) ventral branch of +RTA +( +vRTA +) subtriangular, apex sharp in retrolateral view (vs. humble and broad, with a blunt apex) (cf. Fig. +13 B +and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: fig. 34 C); (2) retrolateral rim of embolus (E) distinctly curved in ventral view (vs. almost straight) (cf. Figs +12 A +, +13 A, B +, +14 A – C +and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: figs 35 A, B); (3) embolic projection absent (vs. present) (cf. Figs +12 A +, +13 A +, +14 B +and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: figs 34 B, 35 A). Female resembles + +P. zixiensis + +in having the similarly shaped lateral lobes ( +LL +) and the spherical spermathecae (S), but can be recognised by: (1) anterior band ( + +AB + +) and anterior margin of epigynal field ( +aEF +) indistinct (vs. both distinct) (cf. Fig. +15 A, B +and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: fig. 36 A); (2) posterior margins of lateral lobes ( +pmLL +) with distinct posterior incision ( + +PI + +) on each side, respectively (vs. + +PI + +absent) (cf. Fig. +15 A, B +and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: fig. 36 A); (3) spermathecae (S) surface smooth, without coiling ducts embedded (vs. surface wrinkled, with coiling ducts embedded) (cf. Fig. +15 C +and +Jiang et al. 2018 +: fig. 36 B). + + + + + + +Male palp of the topotype of + +Pseudopoda oliviformis +A. +Ventral + +; +B. +Dorsal. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral part of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + +Male palp of the topotype of + +Pseudopoda oliviformis +A. +Prolateral + +; +B. +Prolateral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral part of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda oliviformis + +, male topotype, palpal bulb ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Ventral; +C. +Retrolateral; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 1 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda oliviformis + +, female topotype, epigyne ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Intact, ventral; +B. +Cleared and macerated, ventral; +C. +Cleared and macerated, dorsal; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: +AB += anterior band; +aEF += anterior margin of epigynal field; +amLL += anterior margin of lateral lobes; +CO += copulatory opening; +FD += fertilization duct; +FW += first winding; +LL += lateral lobe; +MF += median field of epigyne; +mmLL += median margin of lateral lobes; +MS += membranous sac; +PI += posterior incision; +pmLL += posterior margin of lateral lobes; S = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 2 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + +Description. + + + +Male ( +YNZY +011). + +Total length 8.4. Carapace 4.3 long, 4.4 wide; anterior width 2.3. Opisthosoma 4.1 long, 2.6 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.21, +ALE +0.34, +PME +0.27, +PLE +0.32, +AME – AME +0.13, +AME – ALE +0.05, +PME – PME +0.26, +PME – PLE +0.32, +AME – PME +0.34, +ALE +– +PLE +0.30, + +CH + +AME +0.42, + +CH + +ALE +0.33. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2101; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – II 2026 +, +III – IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 1014 +, +III 2026 +, IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 5.9 (2.0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.8), I 19.1 (5.0, 2.0, 5.2, 5.1, 1.8), II 20.2 (5.5, 2.0, 5.5, 5.2, 2.0), III 16.1 (4.6, 1.7, 4.1, 4.2, 1.5), IV 18.4 (5.3, 1.6, 4.5, 5.2, 1.8). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 42 denticles. + + + +Colouration in ethanol +(Fig. +14 D, E +) + +. +DS +yellowish white, with numerous indistinct, irregularly shaped patches; lateral bands and margin slightly darker, relatively smooth, sparsely covered with hairs; median band bright yellowish, with distinct Ψ-shaped markings starting from behind +PME +, almost reaching reddish fovea; fovea and radial furrows distinctly marked. Cheliceral base coloured as +DS +, cheliceral fang red. Sternum mainly yellowish, with two pairs of indistinct dots located at lateral parts. Endites and labium yellowish, slightly darker on inner margin. Legs coloured as +DS +, with numerous black spots, and bearing short spines. + +OS + +oval; dorsum anteriorly with nearly ‘ ⨅ ‘ - shaped bright region, centrally with indistinct ‘ ⚲ ’ - shaped median band, posteriorly with large ‘) (‘ - shaped black pattern located on both sides of median band, distally marked with more or less semicircular transverse yellow band; venter of + +OS + +centrally with inverted trapezoidal black patch. + + + +Palp +(Figs +12 +, +13 +, +14 A – C +, +28 C +) + +. Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia ( +Ti +) moderately long, ca. 2 / 3 cymbium length, with retrolateral apophysis ( + +RTA + +) arising mesially; +RTA +bifurcated, with ventral part ( +vRTA +) and dorsal branch ( +dRTA +): +dRTA +ɔ-shaped in retrolateral view, curved and tapering, ca. 2 / 5 of tibia length, extending to cymbial base; +vRTA +represented by a distinctly short triangular lamina, ca. 1 / 3 length of +dRTA +, apex sharp. Cymbium ( +Cy +) distinctly slender, ca. 2.7 × longer than wide, cymbial bulge ( + +CB + +) indistinct. Tegulum ( +T +) oval, ca. 1.35 × longer than wide, relatively flattened, proximally slightly bulged and prolapsed, slightly excavated on prolatero-apical side to accommodate embolus (E) and conductor (C); spermophor ( +Sp +) sinuate, not distinct, oriented clockwise along the margin of the tegulum ( +T +). Embolus (E) nearly Ƨ-shaped in ventral view, ca. 2 / 3 of tegulum length; embolic base ( + +EB + +) situated meso-prolaterally on the tegulum ( +T +) (approximately the 9 o’clock position); mesially broadened and flattened, nearly 1 / 2 of tegulum width; embolic tip ( + +ET + +) distinctly narrowed, with subterminal torsion and distal beak-shaped bend, apex sharp, terminated at ~ 11 o’clock position. Conductor (C) membranous, irregularly shaped, inserted apically (at approximately 11–12 o’clock position relative to the tegulum). + + + +Female ( +YNZY +012). + +Total length 10.5. Carapace 4.3 long, 4.0 wide, anterior width 2.4. Opisthosoma 6.2 long, 4.8 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.21, +ALE +0.34, +PME +0.27, +PLE +0.33, +AME – AME +0.18, +AME – ALE +0.07, +PME – PME +0.28, +PME – PLE +0.35, +AME – PME +0.32, +ALE +– +PLE +0.31, + +CH + +AME +0.40, + +CH + +ALE +0.35. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; +Fe +: I – III 323, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 2024 +, III – IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 5.6 (1.7, 0.9, 1.2, 1.8), I 15.2 (4.3, 1.9, 3.9, 3.7, 1.4), II 16.7 (4.8, 2.1, 4.3, 4.0, 1.5), III 13.6 (4.3, 1.8, 3.1, 3.2, 1.2), IV 14.7 (4.6, 1.4, 3.5, 4.0, 1.2). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 46 denticles. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but body slightly darker (Fig. +15 D, E +; see +Zhang et al. (2023 a +) for others described). + + + +Epigyne +(Fig. +15 A – C +). + +Epigynal field ca. 1.17 × wider than long; anterior margin ( +aEF +) indistinct, trilobate, anterolaterally with two large U-shaped incisions that are well separated by ca. one width; anterior bands ( + +AB + +) indistinct. Median field ( + +MF + +) nearly fan-shaped, large, ca. 1 / 2 epigyne length and 2 / 3 epigyne width; anterior margin invisible, posteriorly with a circular patch anterior to lateral lobes ( +LL +) with special surface structure of cuticle. Lateral lobes ( +LL +) distinctly longer than wide; anterior margins ( +amLL +) slightly recurved, almost straight, forming the letter ‘ V’; median margins ( +mmLL +) entirely touching each other along the middle line; posterior margins ( +pmLL +) ‘ ∧ ’ - shaped, with distinct posterior incision ( + +PI + +) on each side, respectively. Copulatory openings ( +CO +) indistinct, located at basolateral borders of median field ( + +MF + +). First windings ( +FW +) membranous, tubular, slightly curved; starting from copulatory openings ( +CO +), descending obliquely, then connecting with spermathecae at mid length of epigyne. Spermathecae (S) spherical, not subdivided, widely separated by ca. 1.5 diameters. Membranous sac ( +MS +) large, nearly disc-shaped, located at posterior portion of vulva; anterior margin distinctly recurved, ca. 3 / 4 epigyne width, separated from epigastric fold by ca. 1 / 2 epigyne length, reaching cross point of anterior margins of lateral lobes ( +amLL +); posterior margin distinctly procurved, as long as anterior margin, separated from epigastric fold by ca. 1 / 6 epigyne length. Fertilization ducts ( + +FD + +) hyaline, slightly curved, relatively long, nearly 1 / 2 epigyne width; arising at central axis of vulva, extending laterally, terminating at lateral margin of epigynal field. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Known only from the +type +locality (Fig. +1 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/B6/66/24/B666247C48A95E75B6EA4D1CB545C856.xml b/data/B6/66/24/B666247C48A95E75B6EA4D1CB545C856.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0a209cfcd87 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B6/66/24/B666247C48A95E75B6EA4D1CB545C856.xml @@ -0,0 +1,757 @@ + + + +Species delimitation of newly collected spiders of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China: An integrated morphological and molecular approach + + + +Author + +Zhang, Jianshuang +0000-0003-4010-3082 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Pan, Tianqin +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, He +0000-0002-1478-9837 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China & Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei, China & Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei, China + + + +Author + +Xing, Yuanqian +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Hao +0000-0002-9113-2425 +The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Zhong, Yang +0000-0002-0517-4582 +School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +101 + + +1 + + +141 +171 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.136177 +29911097-4CEB-47ED-8CF4-13B5D1737E10 + + + + + +Pseudopoda huanglianensis +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, 2023 + + + + + +Figs 1 +, +4 +, +5 +, +6 +, +7 +, +28 A + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda huanglianensis + +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, in + +Zhang et al. 2023 a +: 138 + +, figs 124 A, C, 125 A, B ( +♀ +). + + + + + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +♀ +( +CBEE +, +LJ 202002838 +), +China +: • +Yunnan Prov. +: +Honghe Hani +and +Yi Autonomous Prefecture +, +Luechun Co. +, + +Huanglianshan +Mt +. + +, + +22.99 ° N +, +102.46 ° E + +, c. + +1940 m + +, by hand, + +13 VII 2020 + +, +R +. +Zhong +et al. leg. +Examined. + + + + + +Material examined. + + +• + +2 ♂ +2 ♀ +( +YNZY 013 +, +YNZY 014 +, +YNZY 024 +, +YNZY 025 +). +Same +locality as holotype, by hand, + +16 IV 2024 + +, +Y. Zhong +& +S. Yang +leg. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Males of this species can be easily distinguished from those of all other congeners by the embolus (E) shaped like the lowercase letter ‘ y’ in ventral view, the embolic tip ( + +ET + +) strongly torqued along its length, with distinct subterminal torsion, and by the rhombic tip of conductor (C) (Figs +4 A +, +5 A, B +, +6 A – C +). In contrast, the embolus (E) and conductor (C) of all other species do not exhibit these characteristics. In most + +Pseudopoda +species + +, such as + +P. mamillaris + +and + +P. yangae + +sp. nov. +, the embolic tip ( + +ET + +) is not torqued (as shown in Figs +8 A +, +9 A, B +, +10 A – C +, +20 A +, +21 A, B +, +22 A – C +), or the embolic tip ( + +ET + +) is moderately torqued with no distinct subterminal torsion, as in a few species like + +P. oliviformis + +and + +P. xiaozhua + +sp. nov. +(as shown in Figs +12 A +, +13 A, B +, +14 A – C +, +17 A, B +, +18 C +). Female of + +P. huanglianensis + +resembles that of + +P. anfracta +Zhang, Jäger & Liu, 2023 + +, in having the similarly shaped median field ( + +MF + +) and the relatively sclerotized, nearly funnel-shaped first windings ( + +FD + +), but can be recognised by the median field ( + +MF + +) relatively narrower, ca. 2 / 5 epigyne width (vs. wider, more than 2 / 3 epigyne width) (cf. Fig. +7 A, B +and +Zhang et al. 2023 a +: fig. 12 A). Female also resembles that of + +P. cangschana +Jäger & Vedel, 2007 + +( +Zhang et al. 2023 a +: 50, figs 39 A, B, 40 C, D); see +Zhang et al. (2023 a +) for the diagnosis. + + + + + + +Male palp of the topotype of + +Pseudopoda huanglianensis + +. +A. +Ventral; +B. +Dorsal. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral part of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + +Male palp of the topotype of + +Pseudopoda huanglianensis + +. +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; +CB += cymbial bulge; +Cy += cymbium; +dRTA += dorsal branch of +RTA +; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum; +Ti += palpal tibia; +vRTA += ventral part of +RTA +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for +A, B +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda huanglianensis + +, male topotype, palpal bulb ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Prolateral; +B. +Ventral; +C. +Retrolateral; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; +EB += embolic base; +ET += embolic tip; +Sp += spermophor; +St += subtegulum; T = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 1 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + + + + +Pseudopoda huanglianensis + +, female topotype, epigyne ( +A – C +) and habitus ( +D, E +). +A. +Intact, ventral; +B. +Cleared and macerated, ventral; +C. +Cleared and macerated, dorsal; +D. +Dorsal; +E. +Ventral. Abbreviations: +AB += anterior band; +aEF += anterior margin of epigynal field; +amLL += anterior margin of lateral lobes; +CO += copulatory opening; +FD += fertilization duct; +FW += first winding; +LL += lateral lobe; +MF += median field of epigyne; +mmLL += median margin of lateral lobes; +MS += membranous sac; +PI += posterior incision; +pmLL += posterior margin of lateral lobes; S = spermatheca; +SA += spermathecal appendage. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for +A – C +); 2 mm (equal for +D, E +). + + + + + +Description. + + + +Male ( +YNZY +013). + +Total length 7.1. Carapace 3.6 long, 3.5 wide, anterior width 1.7. Opisthosoma 3.5 long, 2.2 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.18, +ALE +0.30, +PME +0.24, +PLE +0.30, +AME – AME +0.10, +AME – ALE +0.06, +PME – PME +0.22, +PME – PLE +0.24, +AME – PME +0.25, +ALE +– +PLE +0.25, + +CH + +AME +0.32, + +CH + +ALE +0.25. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2111; +Fe +: I – II 323, III 322, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – II 2228 +, +III 2226 +, +IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 2024 +, III – IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 4.9 (1.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.8), I 15.3 (4.3, 1.9, 4.1, 3.6, 1.4), II 16.5 (4.5, 1.9, 4.3, 4.2, 1.6), III 12.8 (3.9, 1.3, 3.3, 3.2, 1.1), IV 14.9 (4.4, 1.4, 3.6, 4.1, 1.4). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 34 denticles. + + + + + +Colouration in ethanol + + + + +(Fig. +6 D, E +) + +. +DS +light brown, lateral bands and margin slightly darker, clothed with fine setae; median band bright yellowish-brown, not distinctly delimited to lateral bands, with indistinct Ψ-shaped markings starting from behind +PER +, almost reaching indistinct cervical groove; fovea and striae distinctly marked. Cheliceral base coloured similarly to median band, with red fangs. Sternum uniformly light brown. Endites light brown. Labium coloured similarly to endites. Legs yellowish-brown, with numerous brown spots, and covered with short spines. + +OS + +elongate-oval; dorsum with median band starting from behind pedicel, reaching 4 / 5 of abdomen length, with two pairs of circular dots on each side; median band with diamond-shaped anterior part, cross-shaped stem, and ‘ ˽ ’ - shaped, black posterior part, all three parts fused; dorsum with transverse yellow line located posterior to median band; ventral + +OS + +marked with numerous brown spots. + + + +Palp +(Figs +4 +, +5 +, +6 A – C +, +28 A +) + +. Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia ( +Ti +) relatively long, ca. 1 / 2 cymbium length, with retrolateral apophysis ( + +RTA + +) arising mesially to distally; +RTA +bifurcated, with ventral part ( +vRTA +) and dorsal branch ( +dRTA +): +dRTA +finger-like, slightly curved and tapering, ca. 3 / 4 tibia length, extending to cymbial base; +vRTA +laminar, humble, and broad in retrolateral view, with blunt, round apex. Cymbium ( +Cy +) approximately 2.4 times as long as wide, retrolaterally with indistinct bulge ( + +CB + +). Tegulum ( +T +) nearly egg-shaped, ca. 1.3 × longer than wide, relatively flat, marginally with distinct, ɔ-shaped spermophor ( +Sp +) in ventral view. Embolus (E) shaped like the lowercase letter ‘ y’ in ventral view, ca. as long as tegulum ( +T +), arising from tegulum at nearly the 8–9 o’clock position, terminating at ca. 11: 30 o’clock position; the proximal first half of embolus (E) columnar, while the second half thin and flat, ribbon-shaped; embolic tip ( + +ET + +) strongly torqued along its length, with subterminal torsion and distal, rostrate bend. Conductor (C) membranous, ca. 1 / 2 of embolus length, inserted anterodorsally on tegulum, extending obliquely, the latter half of conductor (C) widens and diamond-shaped, directing prolaterally. + + + +Female ( +YNZY +025). + +Total length 9.1. Carapace 4.1 long, 3.8 wide, anterior width 2.3. Opisthosoma 5.0 long, 3.6 wide. +Eye sizes and interdistances +: +AME +0.22, +ALE +0.34, +PME +0.25, +PLE +0.34, +AME – AME +0.14, +AME – ALE +0.08, +PME – PME +0.32, +PME – PLE +0.34, +AME – PME +0.32, +ALE +– +PLE +0.32, + +CH + +AME +0.35, + +CH + +ALE +0.26. +Spination +: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; +Fe +: I – II 323, III 322, IV 321; +Pa +: I – IV 101; +Ti +: +I – II 2228 +, +III – IV 2126 +; +Mt +: +I – II 2024 +, III – IV 3036. +Measurements of palp and legs +: palp 5.4 (1.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.7), I 14.4 (4.3, 1.8, 3.3, 3.7, 1.3), II 15.1 (4.4, 2.0, 3.8, 3.6, 1.3), III 12.0 (3.7, 1.5, 2.9, 2.8, 1.1), IV 14.0 (3.9, 1.8, 3.6, 3.4, 1.3). Cheliceral furrow with ~ 50 denticles. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but body slightly darker (Fig. +7 D, E +; see +Zhang et al. (2023 a +) for others described). + + + +Epigyne +(Fig. +7 A – C +). + +Epigynal field ca. 1.25 × wider than long; anterior margin ( +aEF +) distinctly delimited, mesially distinctly recurved; anterior bands ( + +AB + +) indistinct. Median field ( + +MF + +) shaped like a ginkgo leaf (more or less fan-shaped), ca. 2 / 5 epigyne length and 2 / 5 epigyne width. Lateral lobes ( +LL +) nearly as wide as long, slightly converged along the axis; anterior margins ( +amLL +) slightly recurved; median margins ( +mmLL +) touching each other along middle line in anterior half; posterior margins ( +pmLL +) with distinct incision ( + +PI + +). Copulatory openings ( +CO +) indistinct, located at basolateral borders of median field ( + +MF + +). First windings ( +FW +) weakly sclerotized, nearly funnel-shaped; starting from near copulatory openings ( +CO +), descending obliquely, posteriorly with U-turns; two first windings ( +FW +) separated by ca. 0.75 × diameters. Spermathecae (S) represented by thick, ‘ ∩ ’ - shaped tubes, forming letter ‘ m’; laterally covered by first windings ( +FW +) and with globular appendage ( + +SA + +), medially exposed and touching each other along middle line in posterior half. Membranous sac ( +MS +) nearly trapeziform, located at posterior portion of vulva; anterior margin recurved, separated from epigastric fold by ca. 1 / 4 epigyne length, reaching contact point of spermathecae; posterior margin nearly straight, close to epigastric fold. Fertilization ducts ( + +FD + +) acicular, membranous, ca. 1 / 2 length of first windings. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Known only from the +type +locality (Fig. +1 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E9/3B/A7/E93BA788D93359E8A2859F64159BE2B9.xml b/data/E9/3B/A7/E93BA788D93359E8A2859F64159BE2B9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9a226efe6db --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E9/3B/A7/E93BA788D93359E8A2859F64159BE2B9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,390 @@ + + + +Carex yangchunensis, a new species of Cyperaceae from the limestone regions of Guangdong, South China + + + +Author + +Lu, Yi-Fei +0000-0001-6095-3821 +School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China + + + +Author + +Meng, De-Chang +0000-0002-1049-1232 +College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China + + + +Author + +Jin, Xiao-Feng +0000-0002-8195-6738 +School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +251 + + +257 +270 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.251.142179 + + + + + +Carex yangchunensis +X. F. Jin, Y. F. Lu & D. C. Meng + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 A – I +, +4 A – J Chinese name: yáng chūn tái cǎo (阳春薹草 +) + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +This new species is similar to + +Carex cryptostachys +Brongn. + +, but differs in having spikes 4–8, ovoid or nearly globose, +3–8 mm +long (vs. spikes 6–10, cylindrical, +9–25 mm +long), utricles +2.5–3.5 mm +long (vs. +3.5–4.5 mm +long), nutlets +2–2.2 mm +long, with styles thickened at base (vs. +2.5–3 mm +long, style base not thickened), leaves +3–6 mm +wide (vs. +6–16 mm +wide) and culms +8–25 cm +tall (vs. +10–35 cm +tall). + + + + +Type. + + +China +, +Guangdong +(广东), Yangchun County (阳春), Kongdongyan Scenic Spot (崆峒岩景区), from Banshanting to Zhaixingting (半山亭至摘星亭), + +22.18544 ° N +, +111.74557 ° E + +, elev. +80 m +, +9 April 2024 +, + +X. +F +. Jin & +Y +. +F +. Lu 5196 + +( +holotype +: +ZJFC +!; +isotypes +: +IBK +!, +PE +!, +ZJFC +!, +ZM +!). + + + + +Description. + + +Perennial herbs. Rhizomes elongate, woody, thick. Culms lateral, +8–25 cm +tall, compressed-trigonous, slender, smooth, base with dark-brown or brown sheaths, sometimes splitting into fibres. Leaves far longer than culms, apex slender long-caudate; blades +3–6 mm +wide, thinly leathery, flat, upper margins and both surfaces scabrous. Bracts short-setaceous, sheathed; sheaths +3–10 mm +long, with the most proximal one longer than the others. Spikes 4–8, androgynous, ovoid or nearly globose, +3–8 mm +long, base with a +3–17 mm +long slender peduncle, staminate part ca. +2 mm +long, slightly exserted or hidden in pistillate flowers, pistillate part +3–6 mm +long, densely 4–12 - flowered; peduncles exserted from bract sheaths. Staminate glumes ovate, +1.5–2 mm +long, yellow-white, obtuse at apex, green 3 - veined dorsal costa. Pistillate glumes obovate or ovate, +2–2.5 mm +long, pale yellow-green, acute or obtuse at apex, green 3 - veined dorsal costa. Utricles yellow-green, broadly rhombic-obovoid (excluding beak), obtusely compressed-trigonous, +2.5–3.5 mm +long (including beak), longer than pistillate glumes, yellow-green, membranous, distinctly thinly veined, sparsely pubescent on upper dorsal surface and margins, densely pubescent on ventral surface, base cuneate and narrowed into a ca. +0.5 mm +long stipe, apex gradually contracted into a ca. +0.3 mm +long beak, orifice 2 - lobed with minute teeth. Nutlets tightly enveloped, rhombic-ovoid, trigonous, yellow, +2–2.2 mm +long, with 3 angles constricted at middle, sides concave above and below, base with a +0.3–0.7 mm +long stipe; style thickened at base, persistent, coiled; stigmas 3. + + + + + + +Photos of + +Carex yangchunensis + +sp. nov. +( +A – I +) and + +Carex cryptostachys + +( +J, K +) +A, B +habitat +C, J +habit +D +lower part of habit, showing rhizome +E +middle part of habit, showing lateral culm +F +spike +G +utricles (above dorsal surface, below ventral surface) +H +nutlet (left dorsal surface, right ventral surface) +I, K +inflorescence. + + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet ‘ +yangchunensis +’ refers to the +type +locality of this new species in Yangchun County. + + + + +Phenology. + +Flowering and fruiting all the year round. + + + +Distribution and habitat. + + +The new species has been collected from the limestone regions of Kongdongyan Scenic Spot near Yangchun County, in Heshui and Chunwan townships. It is believed to be distributed in similar limestone hills near Yangchun County. It is currently known to grow on limestone landscapes at lower elevations of + +60– +80 m. + + + + + + + + +Carex yangchunensis + +, +sp. nov. +A +habit +B +lateral culms +C +spike +D +staminate glume +E, F +pistillate glume +G +utricles (dorsal surface) +H +utricles (ventral surface) +I +nutlet (dorsal surface) +J +nutlet (ventral surface) (drawn by Xiao-Feng Jin from the holotype). + + + + + +Additional specimens examined + + + +( +paratypes +). +China +. +Guangdong + +(广东): Yangchun County (阳春), Chunwan Township (春湾镇), Gaocun Tourist Resort (高村旅游度假区), +14 October 2023 +, + +D. +C +. Meng s. n. + +( +IBK +, +ZJFC +, +ZM +); the same locality, +2 January 2024 +, + +D. +C +. Meng 2024010201 + +( +ZJFC +, +ZM +); Heshui Township (合水镇), Matangjiao Village (麻塘角村), + +22.38104 ° N +, +111.92091 ° E + +, elev. +76 m +, +8 April 2024 +, + +X. +F +. Jin & +Y +. +F +. Lu 5192 + +( +ZJFC +, +ZM +); Kongdongyan Scenic Spot (崆峒岩景区), Banshanting (半山亭), + +22.18571 ° N +, +111.74601 ° E + +, elev. +67 m +, +9 April 2024 +, + +X. +F +. Jin & +Y +. +F +. Lu 5198 + +( +PE +, +ZJFC +, +ZM +). + + + + +Conservation status. + + +Least Concern ( + +LC + +). The new species is a common sedge and grows on cliffs of the limestone regions around Yangchun County, +Guangdong Province +. Two known populations are in good status, but are strongly influenced by tourist activity, so that the species will need attention at related locations for conservation ( +IUCN 2022 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F6/CA/D1/F6CAD151C84054CF8014305006360C57.xml b/data/F6/CA/D1/F6CAD151C84054CF8014305006360C57.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..91c57293b39 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F6/CA/D1/F6CAD151C84054CF8014305006360C57.xml @@ -0,0 +1,872 @@ + + + +Tilia saxatilis (Malvaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Lu, Zhao-Cen +0000-0002-1725-0247 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain / Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Chang, Shi-Li +https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9801-4121 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain / Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China & College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Mo, Ming-Lin +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8895-5474 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain / Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China & College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Wu, You-Dong +https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6650-027X +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain / Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China & College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Xu, Wei-Bin +0000-0002-5602-8753 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain / Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2025 + +2025-01-29 + + +251 + + +233 +240 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.251.141836 + + + + + +Tilia saxatilis +Z. C. Lu & W. B. Xu + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 +, +2 +, +3 Chinese name: shí shān duàn (石山椴 +) + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +This new species is similar to + +Tilia tuan +Szyszyl. + +, but differs in having leaf blades that are oblong or ovate-oblong (vs. narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong to ovate-orbicular), margins entire (vs. entire or with a few minute teeth near apex or prominently dentate); fruit ellipsoid (vs. globose or obovoid-globose), 5 - angled (vs. not ridged), apex acute (vs. rounded). + + + + + + + +Tilia saxatilis + +sp. nov. +A +habit +B +winter buds +C +flowering branches +D +trunk +E +fruiting branches +F +habitat (White circle shows where the new species grow). + + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +China +• +Guangxi +: +Hechi City +, +Du’an County +, +Bao’an Town +, +Shangzhen Village +, +Nongwen +, around the point + +24.07999417 ° N +, +107.82876 ° E + +, limestone slope, alt. + +769 m + +, + +28 September 2023 + +, + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& +J. Q. Huang +17323 + +( +holotype +: +IBK 00464802 +; +isotypes +: IBK 00464803, +IBK 00464804 +, +IBSC +, +PE +) + +. + + + + +Description. + + +Trees +5–15 m +tall, DBH +10–80 cm +. Bark dark grey; branchlets glabrous; winter buds ovoid, glabrous or slightly hairy at tip. Petiole +0.8–2 cm +long, glabrous; leaf blades oblong or ovate-oblong, (3.5 –) 4.5–10 (– 14.4) cm long, 2–5.5 (– 6.2) cm wide, thickly papery, glabrous on both sides, with brown tuft domatia in vein axils of abaxial surface, lateral veins 7–8 pairs, raised on abaxial surface, reticulate veins distinct abaxially, base oblique, truncate or cordate, margins entire, apex acuminate. Cymes 5–16 - flowered, +3.5–6 cm +long, peduncles glabrous. Bracts narrowly oblong, +3.8–9 cm +long, +1–2 cm +wide, adnate to peduncle for 1 / 3–2 / 5 of its length, glabrous or adaxially slightly hairy along mid-vein, apex obtuse, sessile. Pedicels +2–4 mm +long, glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate, +4.5–5 mm +long, abaxially tomentose, adaxially tomentose or with long tomentose at base. Petals oblong, +5–6 mm +long, glabrous. Stamens ca. +2 mm +long, glabrous; staminodes 5, slightly smaller than petals, glabrous. Ovary densely tomentose; style +1–2 mm +long, glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid, 5 - angled, +8–12 mm +long, +5–6 mm +wide, densely appressed tomentose, apex acute; exocarp woody, hard, indehiscent. Seed ellipsoid, ca. +5 mm +long. + + + + + + + +Tilia saxatilis + +sp. nov. +A +leaf in abaxial view (Red circle shows tuft domatia in vein axils) +B +bract in abaxial view +C +bract and cyme +D +bract and infructescence +E +flower in frontal view +F +flower in lateral view +G +flower in dorsal view +H +dissection of flower +I +fruits +J +seeds. + + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet ‘ +saxatilis +’ refers to the limestone habitats of this new species. + + + + +Phenology. + +Flowering July and fruiting from September to October. + + + +Distribution and habitat. + + + +Tilia saxatilis + +has only been collected from five localities restricted to central +Guangxi +of +China +. It grows sporadically in forests on limestone slopes, rare on peaks, at an elevation of + +700– +950 m. + +The +type +localities are typical limestone karst landform and belong to the southern subtropical monsoon climate areas, the average annual temperature being 18–21 ° C; the annual sunshine duration is 1220–1590 hours and the annual accumulated temperature is about 6300 ° C; the annual average relative humidity is 74–80 %; the average annual rainfall is +1250–1680 mm +and the evaporation is +1210–1650 mm +. + + + + + + +The holotype sheet of + +Tilia saxatilis +(IBK) + +. + + + + + +Conservation status. + + +The new species has been found in two localities in Du’an County and three localities in Dahua County, +Guangxi +, +China +. These five localities are in the assessment area of Southwest Karst National Park, which is currently being prepared. The extent of occurrence is about +960 km +2 +(< +5000 km +2 +) and its occupancy area is predicted to continuously decline in the future due to grazing and firewood collection by local people. Therefore, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ( +IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022 +), + +Tilia saxatilis + +should be considered in the Endangered ( + +EN + +) [B 1 ab (iii)] category at present. + + + + + +Additional specimens examined ( +paratypes +). + + + + +China +• +Guangxi +: +Dahua County +, +Qibainong Town +, +Nonghe Village +, +Nongge +, around the point + +24.121001 ° N +, +107.727671 ° E + +, limestone slope; alt. + +880 m + +; + +19 July 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& +J. Q. Huang +16285 + +( +IBK +, +KUN +, +PE +) + +• + +ibid.; + +19 July 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, S. L. +Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +16312 + +( +IBK +, +CSH +, +IBSC +) + +• + +Du’an County +, +Bao’an Town +, +Shangzhen Village +, +Nongwen +, around the point + +24.07999417 ° N +, +107.82876 ° E + +, limestone slope; alt. + +769 m + +; + +28 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17300 + +( +IBK +) + +• + +ibid.; + +28 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, S. L. +Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17301 + +( +IBK +, +GXMG +, +GXMI +) + +• + +ibid.; + +28 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, S. L. +Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17302 + +( +IBK +, +GXMI +) + +• + +ibid.; + +28 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, S. L. +Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17303 + +( +IBK +, +GXMG +, +CSH +) + +• + +ibid.; + +28 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, S. L. +Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17322 + +( +IBK +, +PE +, +KUN +) + +• + +Du’an County +, +Bao’an Town +, +Yuanli Village +, +Nongkou +, around the point + +24.10944 ° N +, +107.811669 ° E + +, limestone slope; alt. + +860 m + +; + +30 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17367 + +( +IBK +) + +• + +ibid.; + +30 September 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17368 + +( +IBK +) + +• + +Dahua County +, +Bansheng Town +, +Nongcong Village +, +Nongji +, around the point + +24 ° 13 ′ 21.75 ″ N +, +107 ° 45 ′ 25.99 ″ E + +, limestone slope; alt. + +936 m + +; + +1 October 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17403 + +( +IBK +) + +• + +Dahua County +, +Qibainong Town +, +Nongjing Village +, +Baxiang +, around the point + +24.088763 ° N +, +107.773282 ° E + +, limestone peak; alt. + +920 m + +; + +4 October 2023 + +; + +W. B. Xu +, +Z. C. Lu +, +M. L Mo +, +S. L. Chang +& J. Q. +Huang +17503 + +( +IBK +) + +. + + + + +Notes. + + + +Tilia saxatilis + +has glabrous branchlets, leaf blades base oblique, truncate or cordate, abaxially hairy only in vein axils, bracts narrowly oblong, adnate to inflorescence peduncle, sessile, staminodes 5 and fruits indehiscent. Based on these morphological characters, + +T. saxatilis + +is similar to + +T. tuan +( +Tang et al. 2007 +) + +, but differs from the latter in having leaf blades that are oblong or ovate-oblong, margin entire, fruit ellipsoid, 5 - angled, apex acute. The morphological differences between + +T. saxatilis + +and + +T. tuan + +are shown in Table +1 +. + + + + + + +Morphological characters distinguishing + +T. saxatilis + +from + +T. tuan + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Characters +T. saxatilis +T. tuan
BranchletsGlabrousGlabrous or tomentose
Leaf bladesOblong or ovate-oblong, margin entireNarrowly ovate or ovate-oblong to ovate-orbicular, margin entire or with a few minute teeth near apex or prominently dentate
Cymes5–16 - flowered, 3.5–6 cm long3–22 - flowered, 5–14 cm long
Bracts3.8–9 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, sessile6–16 cm long, 1–3 cm wide, sessile or with stalks 5–8 mm long
Pedicel2–4 mm long4–9 mm long
FruitEllipsoid, 5 - angled, apex acuteGlobose or obovoid-globose, not ridged, apex rounded
+ + +In addition, several schemes for subdividing the genus + +Tilia + +have been described ( +Chang 1989 +; +Zhuge and Tang 1995 +; +Pigott 2012 +) and, according to the different morphological characteristics, + +T. saxatilis + +would be placed in different position. +Chang (1989) +gave two sections for + +Tilia + +in the " Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae "; + +T. saxatilis + +would be placed in the sect. + +Tilia + +L. based on the fruit indehiscent when dry. +Zhuge and Tang (1995) +divided + +Tilia + +into three sections; + +T. saxatilis + +would be placed in the sect. + +Lindnera +Reichb. + +based on the woody fruit exocarp. In +Pigott’s (2012) +monograph, the genus + +Tilia + +was divided into four sections; + +T. saxatilis + +would be placed in the section + +Astrophilyra +V. Engler + +based on the leaf blades upper surface green, glabrous, lower surface pale green, hairy only in vein axils, fruits not splitting, flowers with staminodes. + + + + \ No newline at end of file