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<document id="8A5C555C7A78E44981FB61EE070C34FF" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0287266" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC10370730" ID-PubMed="37494347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12631123" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1719975926052" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="He, Yuwen, Meng, Jinxin, Li, Nan, Li, Zhao, Yu, Taoying, Zhang, Laxi, Wang, Dongmei, Liu, Guoping &amp; Wang, Jinglin" docDate="2023" docId="A16A394F6031FFD4FDAFF931E9804B43" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.18.7.e0287266.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0287266) 18 (7)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Culicoides (Sinocoides) Chu 1983" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="5D534137603CFFDAFFBAFF97ED474C4E" masterDocTitle="Culicoides jiangchengensis, a new species of the subgenus Sinocoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) based on integrative taxonomy from China" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1733186284744" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="904D7BB80E764A496D0A38D3A4DD8825">Culicoides jiangchengensis, a new species of the subgenus Sinocoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) based on integrative taxonomy from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A38ED3F526BDED5CAB97A2B14346760">He, Yuwen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="727C6ECB25C5442D2986E524555CDB18">Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="06A5D99BACB3E6FC1DD242768EEEC45A">Meng, Jinxin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ABA8B3DE91CE20D4BF884B1775897E02">Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37FE9886FD1F9785B87137E518DA37F2">Li, Nan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C5B94F936E15E22C732724701DF4332">Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7B52500FCFF1F93861B1924ED11FAE2A">Li, Zhao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1BF7C397C3AD639C93B583CD769E1D86">Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng, China, &amp; @ 163. com (GL)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0983DF76479DDF0B1131134CED787995">Yu, Taoying</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="54D95E9DBF4E93F18DFD9ACA743DB9C7">Gongshan County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Gongshan, China,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3106EF4E275380A4F1AE97E0791007B8">Zhang, Laxi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A2CA5CC9498D251CD661719BAFBFBB56">Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng, China, &amp; @ 163. com (GL)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="43F495D297F04474930AEB04C1E32A45">Wang, Dongmei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="89654FEB73AE7C1FD9008BC6E861FDA5">Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng, China, &amp; @ 163. com (GL)</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="A16A394F6031FFD4FDAFF931E9804B43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16A394F6031FFD4FDAFF931E9804B43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A16A394F6031FFD4FDAFF931E9804B43" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD26031FFD7FDAFF931E8C14A8C" box="[533,1414,1701,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="297C88596031FFD7FDAFF931E8C14A8C" blockId="13.[533,1414,1701,1730]" box="[533,1414,1701,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
An updated key to females in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6031FFD7FBF7F932E9914A8C" ID-CoL="89T8Z" authorityName="Chu" authorityYear="1983" box="[1101,1238,1701,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinocoides">Sinocoides</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6031FFD7FB45F932E8C14A8C" box="[1279,1414,1701,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Culicoides</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="297C88596031FFD7FDAFF970E8254AB1" blockId="13.[533,1378,1767,1791]" box="[533,1378,1767,1791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
1 Eyes hairy, Wing without pale and dark spot (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6031FFD7FBB7F970E9064AB1" box="[1037,1089,1767,1791]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,561,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[534,1475,208,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[533,1476,208,1263]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Culicoides (Sinocoides) anthropophygas Yu et Liu, 2005 [5]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 2</figureCitation>
)......
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6031FFD7FBCEF970E9C24AB0" box="[1140,1157,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6031FFD7FB2BF970E8254AB1" authorityName="Yu et Liu" authorityYear="2005" box="[1169,1378,1767,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthropophygas" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6031FFD7FB20F970E9E14AB0" box="[1178,1190,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6031FFD7FB01F970E8254AB1" box="[1211,1378,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">anthropophygas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596031FFD7FDAFF88DE8144B7C" blockId="13.[533,1363,1818,1842]" box="[533,1363,1818,1842]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eyes bare, Wing with pale and dark spot................................................................ 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596031FFD7FDAFF8DAE8374B2B" blockId="13.[533,1392,1869,1895]" box="[533,1392,1869,1895]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
2 (1) m
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,m
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,m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6031FFD7FD17F8C0EFF04B29" attach="left" box="[685,695,1879,1895]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</subScript>
cell with pale.........................................................................................
<quantity id="EE3B25BC6031FFD4FAD9F8DAEF0C4F7D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3.0">
3
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<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FFDAFF47EE9A4CAD" blockId="14.[96,989,207,227]" box="[96,989,207,227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Table 2. Measurements of distinguishing characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FDD1FF58EE734CAD" authorityName="Chu" authorityYear="1983" box="[619,820,207,227]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FDD1FF58EF824CAC" bold="true" box="[619,709,207,226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FD6BFF58EE6B4CAC" bold="true" box="[721,812,207,226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sinocoides</emphasis>
)
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in China (Female).
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<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FF0DFF60EDB24D44" bold="true" box="[183,245,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">species</emphasis>
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<th id="D422E36760320025FE3FFF60EF624D44" box="[389,549,247,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FE3FFF60EF624D44" bold="true" box="[389,549,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">wing length (mm)</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FD33FF60EFE24D44" bold="true" box="[649,677,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CR</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FCB6FF60EE6E4D44" bold="true" box="[780,809,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AR</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FC2AFF60EEEC4D44" bold="true" box="[912,939,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">PR</emphasis>
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<th id="D422E36760320025FBB5FF60E9D24D44" box="[1039,1173,247,266]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBB5FF60E9D24D44" bold="true" box="[1039,1173,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">mandible teeth</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D422E36760320025FB4FFF60E8964D44" box="[1269,1489,247,266]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB4FFF60E8964D44" bold="true" box="[1269,1489,247,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">antennal sensilla pattern</emphasis>
</th>
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<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFE8FEDB94D62" box="[96,254,280,300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFE8EEDB94D65" authorityName="Yu et Liu" authorityYear="2005" box="[96,254,280,300]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthropophygas">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFE8EED294D62" box="[96,110,281,300]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFE8FEDB94D65" box="[119,254,280,299]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">anthropophygas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFE8FEF624D62" box="[389,549,280,300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.35</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFE8FEFEE4D62" box="[645,681,280,300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.61</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FE8FEE6B4D62" box="[776,812,280,300]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.29</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FE8FEEF74D62" box="[908,944,280,300]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.50</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FE8FE9D24D62" box="[1039,1173,280,300]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFE8FE8964D62" box="[1269,1489,280,300]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 9~15</td>
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<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFEADEDB94D03" box="[96,254,314,333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFEADED8C4D03" authorityName="Chu, Qian et Ma" authorityYear="1982" box="[96,203,314,333]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFEADED294D03" box="[96,110,314,333]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFEADED8C4D03" box="[119,203,314,333]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">hamiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFEADEF624D03" box="[389,549,314,333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.18</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFEADEFEE4D03" box="[645,681,314,333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.57</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FEADEE6B4D03" box="[776,812,314,333]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.96</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FEADEEF74D03" box="[908,944,314,333]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.50</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FEADE9D24D03" box="[1039,1173,314,333]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">18</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFEADE8964D03" box="[1269,1489,314,333]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3~14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFECCE8964D20" box="[96,1489,347,366]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFECCEDB94D20" box="[96,254,347,366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFECCEDBE4D20" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[96,249,347,366]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFECCED294D20" box="[96,110,347,366]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFECCEDBE4D20" box="[119,249,347,366]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFECCEF624D20" box="[389,549,347,366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.08</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFECCEFEE4D20" box="[645,681,347,366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.50</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FECCEE6B4D20" box="[776,812,347,366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.13</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FECCEEF74D20" box="[908,944,347,366]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.63</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FECCE9D24D20" box="[1039,1173,347,366]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFECCE8964D20" box="[1269,1489,347,366]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 11~15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFEEBE8964DDE" box="[96,1489,380,400]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFEEBEDB94DDE" box="[96,254,380,400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFEEAEDAF4DC1" authorityName="Wu et Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[96,232,380,400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinghongensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFEEAED294DDE" box="[96,110,381,400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFEEBEDAF4DC1" box="[119,232,380,399]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">jinghongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFEEBEF624DDE" box="[389,549,380,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.08</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFEEBEFEE4DDE" box="[645,681,380,400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.54</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FEEBEE6B4DDE" box="[776,812,380,400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.96</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FEEBEEF74DDE" box="[908,944,380,400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.70</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FEEBE9D24DDE" box="[1039,1173,380,400]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">12</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFEEBE8964DDE" box="[1269,1489,380,400]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 7~10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFE09E8964DFF" box="[96,1489,414,433]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFE09EDB94DFF" box="[96,254,414,433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFE09EDB44DFF" authorityName="Liu et Zhou" authorityYear="2006" box="[96,243,414,433]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kongmiaoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFE09ED294DFF" box="[96,110,414,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFE09EDB44DFF" box="[119,243,414,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">kongmiaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFE09EF624DFF" box="[389,549,414,433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.18</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFE09EFEE4DFF" box="[645,681,414,433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.53</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FE09EE6B4DFF" box="[776,812,414,433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.59</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FE09EEF74DFF" box="[908,944,414,433]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.42</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FE09E9D24DFF" box="[1039,1173,414,433]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFE09E8964DFF" box="[1269,1489,414,433]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3~15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFE28E8964D9C" box="[96,1489,447,466]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFE28EDB94D9C" box="[96,254,447,466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFE28ED984D9C" authorityName="Liu, Gong et Zhang" authorityYear="2003" box="[96,223,447,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multifarious">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFE28ED294D9C" box="[96,110,447,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFE28ED984D9C" box="[119,223,447,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">multifarious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFE28EF624D9C" box="[389,549,447,466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.97</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFE28EFEE4D9C" box="[645,681,447,466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.55</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FE28EE6B4D9C" box="[776,812,447,466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.98</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FE28EEF74D9C" box="[908,944,447,466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.44</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FE28E9D24D9C" box="[1039,1173,447,466]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFE28E8964D9C" box="[1269,1489,447,466]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 8~10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFE77E8964DBA" box="[96,1489,480,500]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFE77EDB94DBA" box="[96,254,480,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFE76ED9D4DBD" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" box="[96,218,480,500]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFE76ED294DBA" box="[96,110,481,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFE77ED9D4DBD" box="[119,218,480,499]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFE77EF624DBA" box="[389,549,480,500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.35</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFE77EFEE4DBA" box="[645,681,480,500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.70</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FE77EE6B4DBA" box="[776,812,480,500]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.05</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FE77EEF74DBA" box="[908,944,480,500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.90</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FE77E9D24DBA" box="[1039,1173,480,500]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">9</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFE77E8964DBA" box="[1269,1489,480,500]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 11~15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFD95E8964E5B" box="[96,1489,514,533]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFD95EDB94E5B" box="[96,254,514,533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFD95EDB14E5A" authorityName="Liu et Wang" authorityYear="2011" box="[96,246,514,533]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanniwanensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFD95ED294E5B" box="[96,110,514,533]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFD95EDB14E5A" box="[119,246,514,532]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nanniwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFD95EF624E5B" box="[389,549,514,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.05</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFD95EFEE4E5B" box="[645,681,514,533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.57</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FD95EE6B4E5B" box="[776,812,514,533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.18</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FD95EEF74E5B" box="[908,944,514,533]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.33</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FD95E9D24E5B" box="[1039,1173,514,533]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">15</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFD95E8964E5B" box="[1269,1489,514,533]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 11~15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFDB4E8964E78" box="[96,1489,547,566]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFDB4EDB94E78" box="[96,254,547,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFDB4EDF24E78" authorityName="Liu et Yu" authorityYear="1990" box="[96,181,547,566]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opertus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFDB4ED294E78" box="[96,110,547,566]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFDB3EDF24E78" box="[119,181,548,566]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">opertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFDB4EF624E78" box="[389,549,547,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.13</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFDB4EFEE4E78" box="[645,681,547,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.59</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FDB4EE6B4E78" box="[776,812,547,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.20</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FDB4EEF74E78" box="[908,944,547,566]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.50</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FDB4E9D24E78" box="[1039,1173,547,566]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">18</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFDB4E8964E78" box="[1269,1489,547,566]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 11~14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFDD3E8964E16" box="[96,1489,580,600]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFDD3EDB94E16" box="[96,254,580,600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FFDAFDD2ED914E19" authorityName="Liu, Yan et Liu" authorityYear="1996" box="[96,214,580,600]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pungobovis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFDAFDD2ED294E16" box="[96,110,581,600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FFCDFDD3ED914E19" box="[119,214,580,599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">pungobovis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D422E36760320025FE3FFDD3EF624E16" box="[389,549,580,600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.78</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FD3FFDD3EFEE4E16" box="[645,681,580,600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.58</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FCB2FDD3EE6B4E16" box="[776,812,580,600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.82</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FC36FDD3EEF74E16" box="[908,944,580,600]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.00</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FBB5FDD3E9D24E16" box="[1039,1173,580,600]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17</td>
<td id="D422E36760320025FB4FFDD3E8964E16" box="[1269,1489,580,600]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3, 8~10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B60320025FFDAFDE0E8964EC4" box="[96,1489,631,650]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D422E36760320025FFDAFDE0E8964EC4" box="[96,1489,631,650]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Note CR: Costal ratio; AR: Antennal ratio; PR: Proboscis ratio.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FFDAFD30ECB44EF4" blockId="14.[96,499,679,698]" box="[96,499,679,698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tableNote id="D42589D76032FFD4FFDAFD30ECB44EF4" box="[96,499,679,698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[96,1489,247,650]" targetPageId="14">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.t002</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FFC8CE8184F7D" blockId="14.[565,1375,795,821]" box="[565,1375,795,821]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FDF1FCB2EF124F7B" attach="left" box="[587,597,805,821]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
,m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FDCBFCB2EF3C4F7B" attach="left" box="[625,635,805,821]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</subScript>
,m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FD2CFCB2EFE74F7B" attach="left" box="[662,672,805,821]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</subScript>
cell without pale.................................................................................... 7
</paragraph>
</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFFCDAE83C4F2B" blockId="14.[533,1403,845,872]" box="[533,1403,845,872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
3 (2) r
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FDEDFCCFEF264F26" attach="left" box="[599,609,856,872]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</subScript>
cell with 2~3 pale spots except the distal pale.................................................. 4
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FFC17E8254FD6" blockId="14.[565,1378,896,922]" box="[565,1378,896,922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
r
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FD85FC1DEF0E4FD4" attach="left" box="[575,585,906,922]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</subScript>
cell with 1 pale spot except the distal pale........................................................ 5
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFFC24E9874FA3" blockId="14.[533,1398,947,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
4 (3) r
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FDEDFC2AEF264F83" attach="left" box="[599,609,957,973]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</subScript>
cell with 3 pale spots except the distal pale, m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FBF8FC2AE90B4F83" attach="left" box="[1090,1100,957,973]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
cell with 2 pale spots (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FA83FC24E82A4F85" box="[1337,1389,947,971]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[533,561,1288,1307]" captionTargetBox="[534,1499,201,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-135@9.[533,1499,201,1266]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. multifarious Liu, Gong et Zhang, 2003 [11]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631135/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 6</figureCitation>
) ..........................................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FC42FC42E94E4FA2" box="[1016,1033,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FBAFFC42E9874FA3" authorityName="Liu, Gong et Zhang" authorityYear="2003" box="[1045,1216,981,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multifarious" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBA4FC42E96D4FA2" box="[1054,1066,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB85FC42E9874FA3" box="[1087,1216,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">multifarious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FFB9FE9F6480C" blockId="14.[533,1348,1032,1091]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
r
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FD85FB85EF0E486C" attach="left" box="[575,585,1042,1058]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</subScript>
cell with 2 pale spots except the distal pale, m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FB90FB85E973486C" attach="left" box="[1066,1076,1042,1058]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
cell with 3 pale spots (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FA98FB9FEF65480D" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="11.[520,548,1478,1497]" captionTargetBox="[520,1535,209,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-109@11.[520,1536,208,1456]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 8. Culicoides (Sinocoides) pungobovis Liu, Yan et Liu, 1996 [10]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631139/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 8</figureCitation>
)...........................................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FC4EFBBCE942480C" box="[1012,1029,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
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(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBA3FBBCE962480C" box="[1049,1061,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB81FBBDE9F6480C" box="[1083,1201,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">pungobovis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFFBCAE8C7483B" blockId="14.[533,1408,1117,1144]" box="[533,1408,1117,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
5 (3) m
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cell with a pale band and a pale spot................................................................ 6
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FFB07E81C48E6" blockId="14.[565,1371,1168,1194]" box="[565,1371,1168,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FDF1FB0DEF1248E4" attach="left" box="[587,597,1178,1194]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</subScript>
cell with 4 pale spots (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FCF8FB07EE3048E6" box="[834,887,1168,1192]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[533,561,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[534,1512,209,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-109@7.[533,1512,208,1332]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jinghongensis Wu et Liu, 2018 [14]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631131/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 4</figureCitation>
)...........................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB32FB07E9DE48E9" box="[1160,1177,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FB1FFB07E81C48E6" authorityName="Wu et Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[1189,1371,1168,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinghongensis" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB14FB07E9FD48E9" box="[1198,1210,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB75FB07E81C48E6" box="[1231,1371,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">jinghongensis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFFB54E9B748B3" blockId="14.[533,1499,1219,1277]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
6 (5) m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FDD8FB5AEF2B4893" attach="left" box="[610,620,1229,1245]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
cell with pale band extended from base to the distal, anal cell with a pale spot at the Proximal (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FD1CFB72EF9C48B3" box="[678,731,1253,1277]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="12.[533,561,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[533,1474,208,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-77@12.[533,1474,208,1536]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 9. Culicoides (Sinocoides) malipoensis Liu et Ren, 2011 [13]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631141/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 9</figureCitation>
)......................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB94FB72E97848B2" box="[1070,1087,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FBF0FB72E9B748B3" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" box="[1098,1264,1253,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBEEFB72E92748B2" box="[1108,1120,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBCFFB72E9B748B3" box="[1141,1264,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">malipoensis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FFA8FE9EF491C" blockId="14.[533,1529,1304,1363]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
m1 cell with 2 pale spots, anal cell with a wide pale band extended from the basal to the distal (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FD84FAACEF34491D" box="[574,627,1339,1363]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 1</figureCitation>
).....................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FC7AFAACEE96491C" box="[960,977,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FC67FAACE9EF491C" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[989,1192,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FC5CFAACEEB5491C" box="[998,1010,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBBDFAADE9EF491C" box="[1031,1192,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFFAFAE8C049CB" blockId="14.[533,1415,1389,1413]" box="[533,1415,1389,1413]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7(2) sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1~12 or 1~13.............................................. 8</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FFA37E83049F6" blockId="14.[565,1399,1440,1464]" box="[565,1399,1440,1464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1,9~12 or 1,9~13........................................ 9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFFA44E8224A43" blockId="14.[533,1381,1491,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
8 (7) sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1~12; mandible 18 teeth (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FB5CFA44EF054A43" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[533,561,1522,1541]" captionTargetBox="[534,1524,220,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-65@6.[533,1526,208,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Culicoides (Sinocoides) hamiensis Chu, Qian et Ma, 1982 [8]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631129/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 3</figureCitation>
)................................................................................................... ..
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB0CFA62E9804A42" box="[1206,1223,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FB69FA62E8224A43" authorityName="Chu, Qian et Ma" authorityYear="1982" box="[1235,1381,1525,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiensis" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB66FA62E9AF4A42" box="[1244,1256,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB47FA62E8224A43" box="[1277,1381,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">hamiensis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FF9BFE8154A2C" blockId="14.[533,1362,1576,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1~13; mandible 13 teeth(Fig 5)................................................................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBC8F9DCE9C44A2C" box="[1138,1155,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FB35F9DCE8154A2C" authorityName="Liu et Zhou" authorityYear="2006" box="[1167,1362,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kongmiaoensis" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB22F9DCE9E34A2C" box="[1176,1188,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB03F9DDE8154A2C" box="[1209,1362,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">kongmiaoensis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FDAFF9EAE84F4AF9" blockId="14.[533,1474,1661,1720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
9 (7) sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1,9~12; m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FBFBF91FE90C4AD6" attach="left" box="[1089,1099,1672,1688]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</subScript>
and anal cell without pale spot (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FA1AF9EAEF054AF6" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[533,561,1192,1211]" captionTargetBox="[534,1510,208,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-318@10.[533,1511,208,1170]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Culicoides (Sinocoides) opertus Liu et Yu, 1990 [9]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631137/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 7</figureCitation>
)...........................................................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBCEF937E9C24AF9" box="[1140,1157,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FB2BF937E84F4AF9" authorityName="Liu et Yu" authorityYear="1990" box="[1169,1288,1696,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opertus" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB20F937E9E14AF9" box="[1178,1190,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB01F937E84F4AF9" box="[1211,1288,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">opertus</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596032FFD4FD8FF944E9804B43" blockId="14.[533,1514,1747,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1,9~13; m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6032FFD4FB90F94AE9734AA3" attach="left" box="[1066,1076,1757,1773]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</subScript>
and anal cell with a pale spot respectively (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6032FFD4FDA4F962EF184B43" box="[542,607,1781,1805]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="13.[533,561,1538,1557]" captionTargetBox="[534,1478,208,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-58@13.[533,1478,208,1517]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig 10. Culicoides (Sinocoides) nanniwanensis Liu et Wang, 2011 [13]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631143/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 10</figureCitation>
)..............................................................
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FC59F962EEB34B42" box="[995,1012,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6032FFD4FC45F962E9804B43" authorityName="Liu et Wang" authorityYear="2011" box="[1023,1223,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanniwanensis" subGenus="Sinocoides">
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FBB3F962E9524B42" box="[1033,1045,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6032FFD4FB90F961E9804B43" box="[1066,1223,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nanniwanensis</emphasis>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="C92489D3D63F76D6B8A219D21CAA9BC6">Culicoides jiangchengensis, a new species of the subgenus Sinocoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) based on integrative taxonomy from China</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6039FFDFFB7AF994E9B24A55" box="[1216,1269,1539,1563]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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locality:
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:
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(Jiangcheng).
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Distribution:
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(Jiangcheng, Gongshan).
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[
<bibRefCitation id="4D52F5A8603BFFDDFB8BF8DDE9794B2C" author="Liu GP &amp; Yu YX" box="[1073,1086,1866,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="14 - 18" refId="ref6336" refString="9. Liu GP, Yu YX. Three new species of blood-sucking in Northeastern China. Contr blood-sucking Dipt. Ins. Shanghai: Shanghai Science Press, 1990, (2): 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1990">9</bibRefCitation>
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Fig 5.
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Liu et Zhou, 2006
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[
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].
</emphasis>
Ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing.
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<emphasis id="1BB7544B6034FFD2FD8FFA41EFE749A0" box="[565,672,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6034FFD2FC91FA40EE3F49A0" box="[811,888,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">opertus</emphasis>
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]:15;
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<typeStatus id="F67836FB6034FFD2FBD7FA40E9E449A1" box="[1133,1187,1495,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
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:
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(Hulin).
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Distribution:
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(Hulin, Raohe, Suifenhe).
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@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ Liu, Gong et Zhang, 2003
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Liu, Gong et Zhang, 2003 [
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[
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]:359;
]:359;
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@ -141,83 +144,12 @@ locality:
(Tianshui).
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Distribution:
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Liu et Yu, 1990
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[
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] (Fig 7)
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Fig 5.
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[
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Ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing.
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Liu et Yu, 1990 [
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locality:
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Distribution:
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<mods:url id="AB0B511193606446E33266A3FB166C6A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="828466AED138B1F507355A2CF16D9151" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0287266</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD2603EFFD8FD8FFD51E8494E90" box="[565,1294,710,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="297C8859603EFFD8FD8FFD51E8494E90" blockId="2.[533,1535,710,838]" box="[565,1294,710,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="72343F35603EFFD8FD8FFD51E8494E90" box="[565,1294,710,734]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FD8FFD51E8494E90" bold="true" box="[565,1294,710,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA603EFFD8FD8FFD51E92A4E90" ID-CoL="C2Q6Y" authority="Wang et Liu" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[565,1133,710,734]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FD8FFD51EFE14E90" bold="true" box="[565,678,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FD0FFD51EE604E90" bold="true" box="[693,807,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sinocoides</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FC8CFD51EEA74E90" bold="true" box="[822,992,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
Wang et Liu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0084E930603EFFD8FBC9FD51E9804E90" box="[1139,1223,710,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. Nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 2023.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD2603EFFD8FAAEFD51E9CB4F4F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="297C8859603EFFD8FAAEFD51E9CB4F4F" blockId="2.[533,1535,710,838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="72343F35603EFFD8FAAEFD51E9CB4F4F" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FAAEFD51E8244E90" bold="true" box="[1300,1379,710,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603EFFD8FAA7FD51E8144E90" box="[1309,1363,710,734]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig 1</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<uri id="5D52845B603EFFD8FAC3FD51E9CB4F4F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="5D65B28C603EFFD8FD23FD7EE9CB4F4F" box="[665,1164,745,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C059685C-7A56-4CD2-9A67-946CF68C2A67</uuid>
</uri>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD2603EFFD9FD8FFC9BE8E64DDB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="297C8859603EFFD9FD8FFC9BE8E64DDB" blockId="2.[533,1535,710,838]" lastBlockId="3.[533,1524,208,405]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FD8FFC9BEFED4F6A" bold="true" box="[565,682,780,804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females: only for
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA603EFFD8FCC1FC9CE9714F6A" box="[891,1078,779,804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FCC1FC9CEEA14F6D" box="[891,998,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Culicoides</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with the following combination of features: palpus third segment slightly swollen at distal 1/3, without sensory pit, with sensilla scattered on the surface; a small, approximately oval, fuzzy pale spot at the distal end of r
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FA01FF4DE8824CA4" attach="left" box="[1467,1477,218,234]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5</subScript>
cell; m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FD91FF6AEF724D43" attach="left" box="[555,565,253,269]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
with two pale spots, anal cell with a wide pale band extended from its base to distal; three equally sized spermathecae. Male: only for
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA603FFFD9FC60FE82E9D24D63" box="[986,1173,277,301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FC60FE82E9024D63" box="[986,1093,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Culicoides</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="EB0746BB603FFFD9FB0DFE82E84A4D63" box="[1207,1293,277,301]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
with the following combination of features: palpus third segment without sensory pit; anal cell with a big, long irregular pale spot shaped like a pocket; the arch of aedeagus with deep bow
<typeStatus id="F67836FB603FFFD9FA80FECDE82E4D3C" box="[1338,1385,346,370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
, the middle of aedeagus reflexed in apex, parameres separate, the apex part bends in a hook shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7DBCD8D1603EFFD8FF7AF88DEF104B3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" targetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="297C8859603EFFD8FF7AF88DE9334B09" blockId="2.[192,1533,1818,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FF7AF88DEE4D4B63" bold="true" box="[192,778,1818,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Fig 1.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA603EFFD8FF4DF88DEFF94B63" authority="Wang et Liu" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[247,702,1818,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FF4DF88DEC164B63" bold="true" box="[247,337,1818,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FEE7F88DECFF4B63" bold="true" box="[349,440,1818,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sinocoides</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603EFFD8FE7FF88DEF0B4B63" bold="true" box="[453,588,1818,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
Wang et Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0084E930603EFFD8FD7CF88DEE4D4B63" box="[710,778,1818,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603EFFD8FF7AF8CAEF104B3E" blockId="2.[192,1533,1818,1904]" box="[192,599,1885,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD2603FFFDEFDAFFE54E8B34E6E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FDAFFE54EFF44D91" blockId="3.[533,691,451,479]" box="[533,691,451,479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FDAFFE54EFF44D91" bold="true" box="[533,691,451,479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFE63E96E4E60" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFE63EF9C4E42" bold="true" box="[565,731,500,524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female. Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603FFFD9FD50FE63EE774E42" box="[746,816,500,524]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1A</figureCitation>
) Small and medium-sized midges. Wing length 1.08 (1.0–1.22) mm, breadth
<quantity id="EE3B25BC603FFFD9FD1FFD81EE424E60" box="[677,773,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
, CR 0.50 (0.48–0.53, n = 9).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFDAEE8C54F28" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFDAEEF374E1F" bold="true" box="[565,624,569,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603FFFD9FD3AFDAEEED44E1F" box="[640,915,569,593]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F and 1G</figureCitation>
) Brown. Eyes bare, separated by distance approximately equal to the diameter of one ommatidium, and a transverse seam in the lower forehead. Antenna pedicel slightly pale brown; flagellomeres 1–8 short and stout, flagellomeres 9–13 longer, lengths of flagellomeres in the proportion of 19:19:19:19:19:19:18:19:26:28:34:35:55; AR 1.13 (1.08–1.18, n = 9); sensilla coeloconica on flagellomere 1, 9–13. Palpus five-segmented, lengths in the proportion of 10:20:22:12:13, segment 3 slightly swollen at apical 1/3, without sensory pit, with sensilla scattered on the surface; PR 2.63 (2.50–2.75, n = 9). Three bristles on each side of the frontoclypeus. Proboscis length 150 μm, head height 250 μm, P/H ratio 0.59 (0.53–0.64, n = 9); mandible with 15–17 teeth (n = 9), maxilla with 14 teeth (n = 9).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFCE6EEB648AA" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFCE6EFC14FC7" bold="true" box="[565,646,881,905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603FFFD9FD2CFCE6EE614FC7" box="[662,806,881,905]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1J and 1K</figureCitation>
) Scutum light brown, scutellum dark brown; wing with contrasting pattern of pale/dark spots; wing base with a large pale spot and connected to the wide pale band of the anal cell; basal 2/3 of 1
<superScript id="DEB62511603FFFD9FC3AFC27EECA4F8E" attach="left" box="[896,909,944,960]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">st</superScript>
radial cell and r-m cross-vein in pale spot, and extension posterior over M1 to connect with narrow pale band of m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FBCDFC74E9C64FBD" attach="left" box="[1143,1153,995,1011]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</subScript>
; distal 4/5 of 2
<superScript id="DEB62511603FFFD9FAA1FC44E8764FAD" attach="left" box="[1307,1329,979,995]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nd</superScript>
radial cell covered by pale spot; apical pale spot in cell r
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FC2CFB91EEE74858" attach="left" box="[918,928,1030,1046]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5</subScript>
cell faint, and reaching wing margin; m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FAFFFB91E8084858" attach="left" box="[1349,1359,1030,1046]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
with two pale spots, proximal pale spot long band; m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FC15FBBEEEFE4877" attach="left" box="[943,953,1065,1081]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</subScript>
with two differently shaped pale spots: proximal pale spot long band extending from the base to distal, distal pale spot abutting the wing margin; m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FA4BFBDCE8BC4815" attach="left" box="[1521,1531,1099,1115]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4</subScript>
with a pale spot abutting wing margin; anal cell with a wide pale band extending from base to distal; macrotrichia on the costal of the proximal of r
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FBF9FB06E90A48EF" attach="left" box="[1091,1101,1169,1185]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5</subScript>
cell and distal of m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FAA3FB06E86548EF" attach="left" box="[1305,1314,1169,1185]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
, but no on the proximal of m
<subScript id="B5478A1C603FFFD9FDC1FB24EFC2488D" attach="left" box="[635,645,1203,1219]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
; hind tibial comb with four spines, 2
<superScript id="DEB62511603FFFD9FBB3FB34E95848FD" attach="left" box="[1033,1055,1187,1203]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nd</superScript>
spine longest, metatibial comb (mc) about 18 teeth, TR and F-T of legs are as in
<tableCitation id="6441BDE2603FFFD9FC24FB5BEEAB48AA" box="[926,1004,1228,1252]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[533,583,1605,1624]" captionTargetId="graphics-576@3.[533,1536,1658,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Tarsal ratios (TR) and measurements of leg segments and tarsomeres from femur to tarsomere 5 (F-T) of all legs of Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFB79EF814967" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFB79EFE44948" bold="true" box="[565,675,1262,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdomen</emphasis>
Light brown. Three subequal-size ovoid spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603FFFD9FB4FFB79E8704948" box="[1269,1335,1262,1286]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1L</figureCitation>
), each measuring 25.00×23.00 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFAA3E9FA4902" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" box="[565,1213,1332,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFAA3EF2B4902" bold="true" box="[565,620,1332,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603FFFD9FDC1FAA3EFF84902" box="[635,703,1332,1356]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1B</figureCitation>
) Similar to female with usual sexual differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFAC1EFE94998" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFAC1EF374920" bold="true" box="[565,624,1366,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
The lengths of Antenna flagellomeres in the proportion 26:13:13:14:14:14:12:11:10:9:34:33:38, sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1, 11–13; palpus with segments in proportions of 8:10:11:7:9, PR 1.57 (n = 1); one bristles on each side of the frontoclypeus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FD8FFA76E89949B7" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" box="[565,1502,1505,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD8FFA76EFC149B7" bold="true" box="[565,646,1505,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thorax</emphasis>
Wing with pattern of pale spots as in
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC603FFFD9FBACFA76E91D49B7" box="[1046,1114,1505,1529]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1B</figureCitation>
, wing length 0.82 (n = 1), width 0.33
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFDEFDAFF993EEB14D63" blockId="3.[533,1536,500,1564]" lastBlockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
(n = 1); CR 0.63 (n = 1); wings light dark, with eight pale spot; wing costal with three obvious dark spots; basal 1/3 of 1
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFCA3FF5DEE614C94" attach="left" box="[793,806,202,218]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">st</superScript>
radial cell and r-m cross-vein in pale spot; distal 2/3 of 2
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFAC6FF5DE8D54C94" attach="left" box="[1404,1426,202,218]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nd</superScript>
radial cell covered by pale spot; anal cell with a big irregular pale spot. Metatibial comb (mc) about 18 teeth, TR and F-T of legs are given as
<tableCitation id="6441BDE26038FFDEFC18FE82EEB74D63" box="[930,1008,277,301]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[533,583,1605,1624]" captionTargetId="graphics-576@3.[533,1536,1658,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Tarsal ratios (TR) and measurements of leg segments and tarsomeres from femur to tarsomere 5 (F-T) of all legs of Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C" ID-Table-UUID="7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7DBCD8D1603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[533,583,1605,1624]" targetBox="[606,1386,1670,1889]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FDAFF9D2E9D64A3C" blockId="3.[533,1514,1605,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Table 1. Tarsal ratios (TR) and measurements of leg segments and tarsomeres from femur to tarsomere 5 (F-T) of all legs of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA603FFFD9FD39F9C9E90E4A3C" authority="Wang et Liu" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[643,1097,1630,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD39F9C9EF9A4A3F" bold="true" box="[643,733,1630,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FD53F9C9EE034A3F" bold="true" box="[745,836,1630,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sinocoides</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FCEAF9C9EE904A3F" bold="true" box="[848,983,1630,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
Wang et Liu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0084E930603FFFD9FBF7F9C8E9D64A3C" box="[1101,1169,1631,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FCD0F911E8134B2F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<table id="5BC37AF9603F0025FDE4F911E82D4B2F" box="[606,1386,1670,1889]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F911E82D4AD7" box="[606,1386,1670,1689]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF911EEDA4AD7" box="[855,925,1670,1689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FCD0F911EECD4AD7" bold="true" box="[874,906,1670,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Leg</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D422E367603F0025FB85F911E9244AD7" box="[1087,1123,1670,1689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FBF8F911E9194AD7" bold="true" box="[1090,1118,1670,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TR</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D422E367603F0025FB06F911E82D4AD7" box="[1212,1386,1670,1689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B603FFFD9FAF3F911E82D4AD7" bold="true" box="[1353,1386,1670,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F-T</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F930E82D4AF5" box="[606,1386,1703,1723]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<th id="D422E367603F0025FDE4F930EFF24AF5" box="[606,693,1703,1723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female(♀)</th>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF930EEDA4AF5" box="[855,925,1703,1723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Foreleg</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB85F930E9244AF5" box="[1087,1123,1703,1723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.71</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB06F930E82D4AF5" box="[1212,1386,1703,1723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">78:78:38:14:10:8:10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F95EE82D4A92" box="[606,1386,1737,1756]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF95EEEDA4A92" box="[855,925,1737,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Midleg</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB85F95EE9244A92" box="[1087,1123,1737,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.89</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB06F95EE82D4A92" box="[1212,1386,1737,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">97:101:52:18:12:13:9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F97DE82D4AB3" box="[606,1386,1770,1789]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF97DEEDA4AB3" box="[855,925,1770,1789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hindleg</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB85F97DE9244AB3" box="[1087,1123,1770,1789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.68</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB06F97DE82D4AB3" box="[1212,1386,1770,1789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">92:95:49:23:15:9:10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F89CE82D4B51" box="[606,1386,1803,1823]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<th id="D422E367603F0025FDE4F89CEFF24B51" box="[606,693,1803,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male(♂)</th>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF89CEEDA4B51" box="[855,925,1803,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Foreleg</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB85F89CE9244B51" box="[1087,1123,1803,1823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.42</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB06F89CE82D4B51" box="[1212,1386,1803,1823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">58:51:29:12:9:8:9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F8BAE82D4B0E" box="[606,1386,1837,1856]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF8BAEEDA4B0E" box="[855,925,1837,1856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Midleg</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB85F8BAE9244B0E" box="[1087,1123,1837,1856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.17</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB06F8BAE82D4B0E" box="[1212,1386,1837,1856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">72:67:38:12:10:7:8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F38A1B603F0025FDE4F8D9E82D4B2F" box="[606,1386,1870,1889]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D422E367603F0025FCEDF8D9EEDA4B2F" box="[855,925,1870,1889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hindleg</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB85F8D9E9244B2F" box="[1087,1123,1870,1889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.07</td>
<td id="D422E367603F0025FB06F8D9E82D4B2F" box="[1212,1386,1870,1889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">66:65:31:15:10:8:9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C8859603FFFD9FDAFF8E1EEEF4BC7" blockId="3.[533,936,1910,1929]" box="[533,936,1910,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<tableNote id="D42589D7603FFFD9FDAFF8E1EEEF4BC7" box="[533,936,1910,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[606,1386,1670,1889]" targetPageId="3">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.t001</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFEAFE8B34E6E" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD8FFEAFEFDC4D1E" bold="true" box="[565,667,312,336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFD11FEAFEE0C4D1E" box="[683,843,312,336]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1535,881,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[192,1536,880,1796]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis Wang et Liu, sp. nov. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head; D: Front; E: Antenna; F: Maxillary palpus; G: Mandibles; H: Wing (Female); I: Wing (Male); J: Thorax; K: Hind tibial comb; L: Spermatheca; M: Hypopygium; N: Parameres. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631125/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1M and 1N</figureCitation>
): the middle of the posterior margin of the 9
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFA99FEA5E8734D0C" attach="left" box="[1315,1332,306,322]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">th</superScript>
genitalia sternite concave, wide, arc and the membrane free of microhairs. The posterior margin 9th basal tergite flat, a small V-shaped concave was observed in the middle part, parameres robust, sharp Angle shape. Gonocoxite slender in its basal part, the dorsal ankle digitation, mucro part bend to the medial side. The middle aedeagus is nearly tapered, aedeagus with deep bow
<typeStatus id="F67836FB6038FFDEFA39FE55E8F54D94" box="[1411,1458,450,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
, the arch height of the aedeagus is about 1/2 of the total length of the aedeagus, reflexed in apex. Parameres separated, the middle part thick, diminution, curve and with a hook shape in apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD26038FFDEFD8FFDBDE88F4E0C" box="[565,1480,554,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFDBDE88F4E0C" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" box="[565,1480,554,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD8FFDBDEFF34E0C" bold="true" box="[565,692,554,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name jiangchengensis refers to the collecting location of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD26038FFDEFD8FFDDAE9C24EBE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFDDAE92C4E83" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD8FFDDAEF9F4E2B" bold="true" box="[565,728,589,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="99AB82046038FFDEFD57FDDAE82E4EC6" collectingDate="2015-09" collectingMethod="light trap" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" location="Qiaotouhe Village" municipality="Menglie Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="F67836FB6038FFDEFD57FDDAEE174E2B" box="[749,848,589,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="3FC543D06038FFDEFCECFDDAEED84E2B" box="[854,927,589,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">female</specimenCount>
,
<location id="2C1CDE826038FFDEFC12FDDAE92C4E2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27:2C1CDE826038FFDEFC12FDDAE92C4E2B" box="[936,1131,589,613]" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" municipality="Menglie Town" name="Qiaotouhe Village" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Qiaotouhe Village</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C91812236038FFDEFBCFFDDAE8544E2B" box="[1141,1299,589,613]" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" municipality="Augest" name="Menglie Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Menglie Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="C01DF0D56038FFDEFAA6FDDAE8AD4E2B" box="[1308,1514,589,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Jiangcheng County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="EB0746BB6038FFDEFDAFFDE7EF944EC6" box="[533,723,624,648]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="51D4C8C96038FFDEFD66FDE7EE5A4EC6" box="[732,797,624,648]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
(22˚54
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFCD0FDFCEE284E32" bold="true" box="[874,879,619,636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFCD0FDFCEE284E32" attach="none" box="[874,879,619,636]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">'</superScript>
</emphasis>
49
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFC33FDE6EED44EC9" bold="true" box="[905,915,625,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">&quot;</emphasis>
N, 101˚88
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFC47FDFCE9454E32" bold="true" box="[1021,1026,619,636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFC47FDFCE9454E32" attach="none" box="[1021,1026,619,636]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">'</superScript>
</emphasis>
70
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBA6FDE6E9614EC9" bold="true" box="[1052,1062,625,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">&quot;</emphasis>
E),
<date id="5D7DAE996038FFDEFBF1FDE7E9B04EC6" box="[1099,1271,624,648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2015-09">
<collectingDate id="4D3957716038FFDEFBF1FDE7E9B04EC6" box="[1099,1271,624,648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2015-09">September 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="F082F04E6038FFDEFABBFDE7E8224EC6" box="[1281,1381,624,648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">light trap</collectingMethod>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="99AB82046038FFDEFAD4FDE7E92C4E83" collectingDate="2017-08" collectingMethod="light trap" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" latitude="27.8316" location="Maxidang Village" longitude="98.6961" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="3FC543D06038FFDEFAD4FDE7E8E24EC6" box="[1390,1445,624,648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">Male</specimenCount>
,
<location id="2C1CDE826038FFDEFA15FDE7EFDB4EE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27:2C1CDE826038FFDEFA15FDE7EFDB4EE4" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" municipality="Augest" name="Maxidang Village" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Maxidang Village</location>
,
<location id="2C1CDE826038FFDEFD1CFD05EE104EE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27:2C1CDE826038FFDEFD1CFD05EE104EE4" box="[678,855,658,682]" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" municipality="Augest" name="Bangdang Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Bangdang Town</location>
,
<location id="2C1CDE826038FFDEFCDBFD05E9614EE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16A394F603EFFDEFD8FFD51EE284B27:2C1CDE826038FFDEFCDBFD05E9614EE4" box="[865,1062,658,682]" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" municipality="Augest" name="Gongshan County" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Gongshan County</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="EB0746BB6038FFDEFB8AFD05E9A94EE4" box="[1072,1262,658,682]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="51D4C8C96038FFDEFB4DFD05E87F4EE4" box="[1271,1336,658,682]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4CF7EE9E6038FFDEFAFDFD05EFEC4E83" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="5" seconds="54" value="27.8316">
27˚ 49
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD95FD26EF734E8C" bold="true" box="[559,564,689,706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFD95FD26EF734E8C" attach="none" box="[559,564,689,706]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">'</superScript>
</emphasis>
54.8328
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD3DFD21EFD64E82" bold="true" box="[647,657,694,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">&quot;</emphasis>
N,
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4CF7EE9E6038FFDEFD0BFD22EE244E83" box="[689,867,689,717]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="5" seconds="46" value="98.6961">
98˚41
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD54FD26EFB44E8C" bold="true" box="[750,755,689,706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFD54FD26EFB44E8C" attach="none" box="[750,755,689,706]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">46.0536</superScript>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFCFDFD21EE164E82" bold="true" box="[839,849,694,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">&quot;</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
), Augest 2017,
<collectingMethod id="F082F04E6038FFDEFBB9FD22E9204E83" box="[1027,1127,693,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">light trap</collectingMethod>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFD4FE9C24EBE" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" box="[565,1157,728,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="99AB82046038FFDEFD8FFD4FE9C54EBE" box="[565,1154,728,752]" collectingDate="2015-09" collectingMethod="light trap" country="China" county="Jiangcheng County" location="Qiaotouhe Village" municipality="Augest" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD8FFD4FEFEE4EBE" bold="true" box="[565,681,728,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="F67836FB6038FFDEFD8FFD4FEFE34EBE" box="[565,676,728,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="3FC543D06038FFDEFD15FD4FEE554EBE" box="[687,786,728,752]" count="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="3FC543D06038FFDEFCFCFD4FEECA4EBE" box="[838,909,728,752]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD26038FFDEFD8FFD6DE8914F5C" box="[565,1494,762,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFD6DE8914F5C" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" box="[565,1494,762,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD8FFD6DEF8F4F5C" bold="true" box="[565,712,762,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="51D4C8C96038FFDEFD67FD6DEE594F5C" box="[733,798,762,786]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
(Jiangcheng County and Gongshan county of
<collectingRegion id="EB0746BB6038FFDEFAB1FD6DE88D4F5C" box="[1291,1482,762,786]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D9DBD26038FFDEFD8FFC8AEE284B27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFC8AE8BD49EB" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD8FFC8AEFD94F7B" bold="true" box="[565,670,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFD0EFC8AEE364F7B" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[692,881,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD0EFC8AEF824F7A" box="[692,709,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD6AFC8AEE364F7B" box="[720,881,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in Jiangcheng County in this study have three spermathecae, which were similar to those of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFBE0FCA8E9BB4F19" box="[1114,1276,831,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pontoculicoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBE0FCA8E9BB4F19" box="[1114,1276,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pontoculicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFAB2FCA8E8324F19" authorityName="Chu" authorityYear="1983" box="[1288,1397,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAB2FCA8E8324F19" box="[1288,1397,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sinocoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA3BFCA8E8BF4F19" box="[1409,1528,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jilinocoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA3BFCA8E8BF4F19" box="[1409,1528,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Jilinocoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDF9FCF5EFF14F34" box="[579,694,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trithecides</emphasis>
. Two eyes of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFCFCFCF4E9444F34" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[838,1027,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFCFCFCF4EE104F34" box="[838,855,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFCD8FCF5E9444F34" box="[866,1027,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were separated, excluding the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA0BFCF5EF134FD3" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jilinocoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA0BFCF5EF134FD3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Jilinocoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD32FC12EFBC4FD3" box="[648,763,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trithecides</emphasis>
, and the wings have pale spots and dark spots excluding
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAE9FC12E8B44FD3" box="[1363,1523,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pontoculicoides</emphasis>
, indicating that
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFD0DFC3FEE334FF1" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[695,884,935,960]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD0DFC3FEF8F4FF1" box="[695,712,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD69FC30EE334FF1" box="[723,884,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB17FC30E85D4FF1" authorityName="Chu" authorityYear="1983" box="[1197,1306,935,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB17FC30E85D4FF1" box="[1197,1306,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sinocoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At present, there are 9 species of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFD29FC5DEFB94FAC" box="[659,766,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD29FC5DEFB94FAC" box="[659,766,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFC33FC5DEEB14FAC" authorityName="Chu" authorityYear="1983" box="[905,1014,970,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinocoides">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFC33FC5DEEB14FAC" box="[905,1014,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sinocoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, among which
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB22FC5CE81C4FAC" authorityName="Yu et Liu" authorityYear="2005" box="[1176,1371,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthropophygas">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB22FC5CE9EE4FAC" box="[1176,1193,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB0EFC5DE81C4FAC" box="[1204,1371,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">anthropophygas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFAD0FC5DE8D84FAC" box="[1386,1439,970,994]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,561,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[534,1475,208,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[533,1476,208,1263]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Culicoides (Sinocoides) anthropophygas Yu et Liu, 2005 [5]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631127/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 2</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA09FC5CEF3A484B" authorityName="Chu, Qian et Ma" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA09FC5CE8834FAC" box="[1459,1476,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFFC7AEF3A484B" box="[533,637,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">hamiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFD36FC7AEF86484B" box="[652,705,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[533,561,1522,1541]" captionTargetBox="[534,1524,220,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-65@6.[533,1526,208,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Culicoides (Sinocoides) hamiensis Chu, Qian et Ma, 1982 [8]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631129/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 3</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFD6CFC7AEE39484B" authorityName="Wu et Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[726,894,1005,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinghongensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD6CFC7AEFA0484A" box="[726,743,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD48FC7AEE39484B" box="[754,894,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jinghongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFC37FC7AEE85484B" box="[909,962,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[533,561,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[534,1512,209,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-109@7.[533,1512,208,1332]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Culicoides (Sinocoides) jinghongensis Wu et Liu, 2018 [14]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631131/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 4</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFC6CFC7AE9CB484B" authorityName="Liu et Zhou" authorityYear="2006" box="[982,1164,1005,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kongmiaoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFC6CFC7AEEA0484A" box="[982,999,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFC49FC7AE9CB484B" box="[1011,1164,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">kongmiaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFB21FC7AE988484B" box="[1179,1231,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1374,1393]" captionTargetBox="[535,1494,179,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-107@8.[533,1494,178,1353]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Culicoides (Sinocoides) kongmiaoensis Liu et Zhou, 2006 [12]. Ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631133/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 5</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB5EFC7AE8C5484B" authorityName="Liu, Gong et Zhang" authorityYear="2003" box="[1252,1410,1005,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multifarious">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB5EFC7AE9B2484A" box="[1252,1269,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFABBFC7AE8C5484B" box="[1281,1410,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">multifarious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFA2BFC7AE882484B" box="[1425,1477,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[533,561,1288,1307]" captionTargetBox="[534,1499,201,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-135@9.[533,1499,201,1266]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. multifarious Liu, Gong et Zhang, 2003 [11]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631135/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 6</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA60FC7AEF254869" authorityName="Liu et Yu" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opertus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA60FC7AE8AC484A" box="[1498,1515,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFFB87EF254869" box="[533,610,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">opertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFDCAFB87EFE24866" box="[624,677,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[533,561,1192,1211]" captionTargetBox="[534,1510,208,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-318@10.[533,1511,208,1170]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Culicoides (Sinocoides) opertus Liu et Yu, 1990 [9]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 7</figureCitation>
) had an obvious sensory pit in the 3
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFB9BFB9DE9744854" attach="left" box="[1057,1075,1034,1050]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">rd</superScript>
segment of palpus, while
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFAF8FB87EB474869" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1346,1536,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAF8FB87E8144869" box="[1346,1363,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAE5FB98EB474869" box="[1375,1536,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had no an obvious sensory pit, but with capitate sensilla scattered on the surface, which had significant differences between them. Although
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFBAAFBC2E9E44823" authorityName="Liu, Yan et Liu" authorityYear="1996" box="[1040,1187,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pungobovis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBAAFBC2E9664822" box="[1040,1057,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB97FBC2E9E44823" box="[1069,1187,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pungobovis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFB0BFBC2E9A14823" box="[1201,1254,1109,1133]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="11.[520,548,1478,1497]" captionTargetBox="[520,1535,209,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-109@11.[520,1536,208,1456]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 8. Culicoides (Sinocoides) pungobovis Liu, Yan et Liu, 1996 [10]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631139/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 8</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA99FBC2E8A74823" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1315,1504,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA99FBC2E8734822" box="[1315,1332,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA85FBC2E8A74823" box="[1343,1504,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar morphological characteristics in the 3
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFB90FBE5E97B48CC" attach="left" box="[1066,1084,1138,1154]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">rd</superScript>
segment of palpus, their sensilla coeloconica on flagellomere are significantly different, the former is 1,6–8, while the latter is 1,9–13.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA52FB0CEFD7489B" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA52FB0CE8BE48FC" box="[1512,1529,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFFB2AEFD7489B" box="[533,656,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFD25FB2AEF94489B" box="[671,723,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="12.[533,561,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[533,1474,208,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-77@12.[533,1474,208,1536]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 9. Culicoides (Sinocoides) malipoensis Liu et Ren, 2011 [13]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631141/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 9</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFD52FB2AEEE5489A" authorityName="Liu et Wang" authorityYear="2011" box="[744,930,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanniwanensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD52FB2AEFBE489A" box="[744,761,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFCBFFB2AEEE5489A" box="[773,930,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nanniwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFC0AFB2AEEB6489B" box="[944,1009,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="13.[533,561,1538,1557]" captionTargetBox="[534,1478,208,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-58@13.[533,1478,208,1517]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig 10. Culicoides (Sinocoides) nanniwanensis Liu et Wang, 2011 [13]. ant, antenna; f, front; map, maxillary palpus; md, mandibles; spt, spermatheca; w, wing. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631143/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 10</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB94FB2AE9AB489B" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1070,1260,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB94FB2AE978489A" box="[1070,1087,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBF1FB2AE9AB489B" box="[1099,1260,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had similar morphological characteristics in the 3
<superScript id="DEB625116038FFDEFC9CFB4DEE7F48A4" attach="left" box="[806,824,1242,1258]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">rd</superScript>
palpus segment and the sensilla coeloconica on flagellomere, but there was no pale spot in the wings m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6038FFDEFC1BFA9AEEEC4953" attach="left" box="[929,939,1293,1309]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</subScript>
and m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6038FFDEFC4FFA9AEEB84953" attach="left" box="[1013,1023,1293,1309]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</subScript>
of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFBA5FA94E99E4954" authorityName="Liu et Wang" authorityYear="2011" box="[1055,1241,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanniwanensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBA5FA94E9774954" box="[1055,1072,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB86FA94E99E4954" box="[1084,1241,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nanniwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6038FFDEFADBFA9AE82C4953" attach="left" box="[1377,1387,1293,1309]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</subScript>
and m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6038FFDEFA0EFA9AE8F94953" attach="left" box="[1460,1470,1293,1309]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</subScript>
of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA65FA94EFD74973" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA65FA94E8B74954" box="[1503,1520,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFFAB2EFD74973" box="[533,656,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFD7EFAB2EEC64973" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[708,897,1317,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD7EFAB2EF924972" box="[708,725,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFD5AFAB2EEC64973" box="[736,897,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with pale spot.
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB9DFAB2E9A34973" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1063,1252,1317,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB9DFAB2E97F4972" box="[1063,1080,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBF9FAB2E9A34973" box="[1091,1252,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most similar to
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA74FAB2EFD74911" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA74FAB2E8984972" box="[1486,1503,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFFAD0EFD74911" box="[533,656,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphological characteristics, but the former has 2 pale spots in the m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6038FFDEFA23FAC5E8E4492C" attach="left" box="[1433,1443,1362,1378]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</subScript>
and a wide pale band extended from the basal to the distal in the anal cell, while the latter has a pale band extended from base to the distal in the m
<subScript id="B5478A1C6038FFDEFBBBFA00E94C49E9" attach="left" box="[1025,1035,1431,1447]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</subScript>
and a pale spot at the proximal in the anal cell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFD8FFA27E9854A43" blockId="4.[533,1536,202,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
In addition, the main characteristics distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFBE2FA38E9844989" box="[1112,1219,1455,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBE2FA38E9844989" box="[1112,1219,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="51D4C8C96038FFDEFB5FFA27E8614986" box="[1253,1318,1456,1480]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
are wing length, costal ratio (CR), antennal ratio (AR), proboscis ratio (PR), mandible teeth, and sensilla coeloconica on flagellomere.
<tableCitation id="6441BDE26038FFDEFCABFA62EE184A43" box="[785,863,1525,1549]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[96,146,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-323@14.[96,1536,235,603]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of distinguishing characteristics of Culicoides (Sinocoides) in China (Female)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7DBCD8D16032FFD4FFDAFF47EE9A4CAD" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="7DBCD8D16032FFD4FFDAFF47EE9A4CAD">Table 2</tableCitation>
provides detailed measurements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFDAFF9C7EF964A22" blockId="4.[533,721,1616,1643]" box="[533,721,1616,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFF9C7EF964A22" bold="true" box="[533,721,1616,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">DNA analyses</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C88596038FFDEFDAFF916EE284B27" blockId="4.[533,1530,1665,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The phylogenetic tree based on the COI gene sequences of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB3EF916E8064AD6" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1156,1345,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB3EF916E9D24AD6" box="[1156,1173,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB1AF917E8064AD6" box="[1184,1345,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFAF4F916E8A24AD6" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" box="[1358,1509,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAF4F916E8184AD6" box="[1358,1375,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAD0F917E8A24AD6" box="[1386,1509,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Jiangcheng County and Gongshan County,
<collectingRegion id="EB0746BB6038FFDEFB9AF934E99C4AF5" box="[1056,1243,1699,1723]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
and another 24 species of
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFDAFF951EFC74A90" box="[533,640,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFDAFF951EFC74A90" box="[533,640,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows that
<specimenCount id="3FC543D06038FFDEFD47F951EE3F4A90" box="[765,888,1734,1758]" count="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">nine female</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFCC4F951E97B4A90" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[894,1084,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFCC4F951EEC84A93" box="[894,911,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFC21F951E97B4A90" box="[923,1084,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Jiangcheng and
<specimenCount id="3FC543D06038FFDEFA9DF951E8CF4A90" box="[1319,1416,1734,1758]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFA34F951EFC54B4E" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA34F951E8D84A93" box="[1422,1439,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA11F950EFC54B4E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Gongshan formed a separate branch (
<figureCitation id="B1F894DC6038FFDEFBE9F97EE9D44B4F" box="[1107,1171,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="15.[491,519,1766,1785]" captionTargetBox="[491,1535,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-3@15.[491,1535,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 11. ML phylogenetic trees of COI gene nucleotide sequences of C. (Sinocoides) jiangchengensis from Jiangcheng County and Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, China using MAGE-X. The best DNA substitution model is GTR+G +I, and the trees were drawn using njplot 2.4 with the bootstrap value based on 1,000 replications. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12631145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12631145/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 11</figureCitation>
). The mean intraspecific distance was 1%, and the maximum was 2.36%. Although
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFBA4F89BE99C4B6D" authorityName="Wang et Liu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1054,1243,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangchengensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFBA4F89BE9684B6D" box="[1054,1071,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB80F89CE99C4B6D" box="[1082,1243,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">jiangchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFAB5F89BE8E04B6D" authorityName="Liu et Ren" authorityYear="2011" box="[1295,1447,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFAB5F89BE8674B6D" box="[1295,1312,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFA96F89CE8E04B6D" box="[1324,1447,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are on different branches, their genetic relationship is closest among other
<taxonomicName id="EEC3F3DA6038FFDEFB59F8B9E8094B08" box="[1251,1358,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7544B6038FFDEFB59F8B9E8094B08" box="[1251,1358,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the minimum interspecific distance was 12.6%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>