diff --git a/data/06/01/7A/06017AE76FCB5E6A856EC278A60E4487.xml b/data/06/01/7A/06017AE76FCB5E6A856EC278A60E4487.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..78eef278d62 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/06/01/7A/06017AE76FCB5E6A856EC278A60E4487.xml @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ + + + +Revision of the Chinese endemic genus Megadrypta Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Dryptini), with description of a new species + + + +Author + +Chen, Jia-Heng +0000-0003-2449-8838 +College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China + + + +Author + +Shi, Hong-Liang +0000-0002-9989-5830 +College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China + + + +Author + +Liang, Hong-Bin +0000-0002-9668-1167 +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +1226 + + +183 +193 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1226.142678 +0B9EFAA1-3377-42F0-B43A-B77F439F88FE + + + + + +Megadrypta mirabilis +Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020 + + + + + +Figs 2 B +, +4 +, +6 B Chinese vernacular name: 巨逮步甲 + + + + + + + +Megadrypta mirabilis + +Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020: 526 +. + + + + + + + + +Material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +: China • male, labeled “ +CHINA +. +Guangdong +, +Ruyuan +, +Nanling Nature Reserve +, + +24.92579 +, +113.01638 + +”; “ + +1021 m + +, + +2007.6. 18 + +– 21 Huang Hao ”; + +IZAS + + +. + + +Paratype + +: +China + +• + +1 male +, labeled “ +CHINA +. +Guangxi Prov. +, +Cenwanglao Shan Nature Reserve +”; “ + +2007.8. 5 + +day, +Liu Chunxiang +coll. ”; + +IZAS + + +. + + + + +Non-type materials. + + +China +• + +1 female +, labeled “ +CHINA +: +Hunan +, +Mt. Mangshan +, +Jiangjunzhai +[in +Chinese +], + +2020. VII- 28 + +, + +1200 m + +, Leg. Yuzhou Huang ”; + +CHYZ + + +• + +1 female +, labeled “ +CHINA +: +Guangxi +, +Laibin +, +Jinxiu County +, +Changtong Township +, +Guitian Village +, + +2024. VI- 1 + +, leg. +Chunfu +FENG ”; + +CCJH + + +• + +1 female +, labeled “ +Guangdong +, +Nanling +, 2017-8 ” [in +Chinese +]; + +CCJH + + +• + +1 male +, labeled “ +CHINA +: +Guizhou +, +Leishan County +, Mt. Leigongshan, Xiannütang, + +1555 m + +” [in +Chinese +]; “ + +2024. V. 31 + +, + +26.37303146 N +108.19808469 E + +, Leg. Ye ”; + +CYXH + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Dorsal surface nearly black, with very weak bluish luster; femora dark brown to piceous; mouth parts, tibiae, and tarsi sometimes lighter. Mentum with anterior margin straight at middle. Elytra narrowed toward shoulders; elytral striae incised with large punctures (much smaller than interval width). Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view equally broadened before apical third and then abruptly narrowed; ventral margin strongly curved before apex. + + + +Supplementary description. + + +BL +13.9–16.1 mm +(15.0 mm in the +holotype +); dorsal and ventral surface nearly black, with very weak bluish luster; mouth parts brown; femora dark brown to piceous; tibiae and tarsi sometimes lighter (Fig. +2 B +). +Head +: labrum trilobate; medial lobe slightly extended anteriorly; anterolateral angles rounded-obtuse, sparsely pubescent near anterior margin; clypeus impunctate and pubescent; vertex densely and coarsely punctate; temporae slightly shorter than eyes, well tumid behind eyes, sparsely and finely pubescent and punctate. +Pronotum +: +PL +/ +PW +1.62–1.68; lateral margins gradually sinuate twice, behind anterior angles and before posterior angles; sides flattened from above and a little extended laterally near middle, median region elevated. +Elytra +: +EL +/ +EW +1.44–1.50; base with 7–8 parascutellar pores, strongly narrowed at shoulders; elytral striae incised with large punctures (much smaller than interval width). +Male genitalia +: median lobe of aedeagus relatively stout (Fig. +4 +), equally thickened before apical third and then abruptly narrowed in lateral view, with ventral margin strongly curved before apical lamella (Fig. +4 A, D +); same in dorsal view, with apical lamella short ( +ALL +/ +ALW +0.46–0.51), obtuse and rounded; endophallus with a central sclerite, hook-shaped in right lateral view (Fig. +4 A +), with blurred border in ventral view (Fig. +4 B +). + + + + +Distribution. + + +This species is widely distributed in the Nanling Area of southern +China +(Fig. +1 +), where it is currently recorded from four provinces: in southern +Guizhou +from Mount Leigongshan (new provincial record); in southern +Hunan +from Mount Mangshan (new provincial record); in north +Guangxi +from Mounts Maoershan, Dayaoshan, and Cenwanglaoshan; and in northern +Guangdong +from the Nanling Natural Reserve. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/14/FA/0E/14FA0EDEF337501B8E37214F9389E086.xml b/data/14/FA/0E/14FA0EDEF337501B8E37214F9389E086.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..000232eca45 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/14/FA/0E/14FA0EDEF337501B8E37214F9389E086.xml @@ -0,0 +1,4969 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica longirostris +( +Wiedemann, 1819 +) + + + + + +Fig. 10 + + + + + + + +Anthrax longirostris + +Wiedemann, 1819: 11 +. + + + + + + + + + +Cyllenia afra + +Wiedemann, 1828: 358 +. + + + + + + + + + +Cyllenia pluricellata + +Macquart, 1855: 104 +. + + + + + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: +https://zoobank.org/b4e3556d-a8d8-4dd0-924b-7b7f8689dab2 +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the two crossveins connecting R +1 +and R +2 + 3 +and by densely setose gena. + + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, without dark spot, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, broadly setose near eyes, extending ventral to antennae; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput whitish – yellow setose, brown setose on occiput spots, white scales antero-dorsally, antero-dorsally with dark brown to black spots, usually oval; gena creamy white, densely white setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, light brown to brown, brown setose or light yellowish-brown setose. + + +Antenna +: dark brown; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, variable setation color: black setose, white setose, or white scales may be present, setae extending to tip of pedicel; pedicel reddish brown or brown, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel black or dark brown, tapering distally, longer than scape and pedicel combined, white or light yellow scales dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: light orangish brown or reddish brown and light orangish brown; scutum predominantly black, reddish on margins, light to dark brown scales, two submedial longitudinal stripes with lighter scales; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, dull white scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, white scales, white and black setose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose or white scales; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, asetose or white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose or white setose dorsally; scutellum red, sometimes with anterior or posterior black spots, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of light brown and white scales. + + +Leg +: light orangish brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa light orangish brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; pro femur light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa light orangish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; mes femur light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa light orangish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: (6.1 –) 9.1–9.8 (– 11.4) mm, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: predominantly brown colored except for white tinted base of wing, supernumerary crossveins between R +1 +and R +2 + 3 +, oblique rectangular area between CuA and R +1 +, crossveins r-r and r-m, and base of cell m +2 +, females: membrane dark brown colored except for white tinted base of wing, supernumerary crossveins between R +1 +and R +2 + 3 +, oblique rectangular area between CuA and R +1 +, crossveins r-r and r-m, and base of cell m +2 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open, divided by 2 supernumerary crossveins; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, black, predominantly black anteriorly and red posteriorly or reddish brown; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 reddish yellow to light brown, reddish brown, or predominantly black, no red or a very thin line of red posteriorly, light yellowish-brown to light whitish brown setose, scales or snow – white setose, with scales; T 2 – T 7 predominantly reddish-orange or predominantly black or predominantly dark reddish brown, light brown setose, white scales, rarely brown to light yellowish-brown setose, white scales or dark brown setose, white scales, white scales on medial spots on T 2–8 and posterior margins of T 2 and T 4, rarely scales uniformly color throughout or light brown setose, 2 spots with dark scales on T 2 and T 3; S 1–8 predominantly black with reddish brown, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose or brown scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin lacking setae, rarely sparse black setae on T 4–8, male T 8 white scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: Male terminalia drawings in +Hesse (1956 +, p 32): +https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40844167 +. + + + + +Other material. + + + +South Africa +– +Eastern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Alicedale +, +2 km +E; + +33 ° 19 ' 07 " S +, +026 ° 06 ' 12 " E + +; + +310 m +a. s. l. + +; + +23 Oct. 2004 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Dry +rocky hillside with succulent vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93654, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Alicedale +, +2 km +E; + +33 ° 19 ' 07 " S +, +026 ° 06 ' 12 " E + +; + +310 m +a. s. l. + +; + +23 Oct. 2004 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Dry +rocky hillside with succulent vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93655, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Alicedale +, +2 km +E; + +33 ° 19 ' 07 " S +, +026 ° 06 ' 12 " E + +; + +310 m +a. s. l. + +; + +23 Oct. 2004 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Dry +rocky hillside with succulent vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93656, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +3 ♂ +1? +Groendal +, +Uitenhage +(= kariega); + +33 ° 43 ' 13 " S +, +025 ° 18 ' 55 " E + +; + +28 Oct. 1938 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002141, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1918 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054408, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +01 Nov. 1919 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054687, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +01 Nov. 1919 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89485, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1921 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056255, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1921 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89530, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +Dec. 1922 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89522, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +Dec. 1922 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89523, + +NMSA + + + + + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Bowesdorp +(= +Bowes Dorp +), +Namaqualand +; + +30 ° 09 ' 03 " S +, +017 ° 55 ' 55 " E + +; + +Nov. 1931 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002167, + +SAMC + + +• + +2 ♀ + +Hester Malan +N. R. + +(= +Goegap Nature Reserve +), +Namaqualand +; + +29 ° 40 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 02 ' 00 " E + +; + +16 Oct. 1985 + +; +Struck, M. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 004968, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Kamieskroon Namaqualaud +; + +30 ° 12 ' 00 " S +, +017 ° 56 ' 00 " E + +; + +Nov. 1936 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002143, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Kamieskroon +, +10 km +E; + +30 ° 11 ' 39 " S +, +018 ° 00 ' 10 " E + +; + +630 m +a. s. l. + +; + +17 Oct. 1977 + +; +Miller, R. M. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 049597, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Nieuwoudtville +; + +31 ° 23 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +Aug. 1928 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056002, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Nieuwoudtville +, +1 km +W, caravan park and area; + +31 ° 23 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +800 m +a. s. l. + +; + +04 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92784, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Nieuwoudtville +, +1 km +W, caravan park and area; + +31 ° 23 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +800 m +a. s. l. + +; + +04 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92785, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Nieuwoudtville +, +9 km +W, +Summit Vanrhyn’s Pass +; + +31 ° 22 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 01 ' 00 " E + +; + +700 m +a. s. l. + +; + +04 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92829, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Outiep Garies Namaqualand +(= +Namakwaland +); + +30 ° 33 ' 27 " S +, +017 ° 59 ' 34 " E + +; + +Sep. 1953 + +; +Toit, J. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002145, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Springbok +, +8 km +NW, road to +Nababeep +; + +29 ° 37 ' 16 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 59 " E + +; + +985 m +a. s. l. + +; + +30 Sep. 2009 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; thick woody fynbos; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92350, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Springbok +, +8 km +NW, road to +Nababeep +; + +29 ° 37 ' 16 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 59 " E + +; + +985 m +a. s. l. + +; + +30 Sep. 2009 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; thick woody fynbos; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92351, + +NMSA + + + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Brenton on Sea +; + +34 ° 04 ' 20 " S +, +023 ° 01 ' 07 " E + +; + +10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; dune and hillside vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 050742, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Brenton on Sea +; + +34 ° 04 ' 20 " S +, +023 ° 01 ' 07 " E + +; + +10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; dune and hillside vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89541, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Brenton on Sea +; + +34 ° 04 ' 20 " S +, +023 ° 01 ' 07 " E + +; + +10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; dune and hillside vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89542, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Cape +Town +; + +33 ° 59 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 26 ' 00 " E + +; 1874; +Trimen, R. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002169, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Cape +Town +; + +33 ° 59 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 26 ' 00 " E + +; 1915; +Péringuey, L. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002142, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Ceres +, upper sources of +Olifants River +; + +33 ° 12 ' 29 " S +, +019 ° 14 ' 49 " E + +; + +Oct. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002118, + +SAMC + + +• + +3 ♀ +3 ♂ +Ceres +, upper sources of +Olifants River +; + +33 ° 12 ' 29 " S +, +019 ° 14 ' 49 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002118, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +1 ♂ +Ceres +, upper sources of +Olifants River +; + +33 ° 12 ' 29 " S +, +019 ° 14 ' 49 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002118, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Ceres +, upper sources of +Olifants River +; + +33 ° 12 ' 29 " S +, +019 ° 14 ' 49 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002118, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Ceres +, upper sources of +Olifants River +; + +33 ° 12 ' 29 " S +, +019 ° 14 ' 49 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002118, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Citrusdale +, +14 km +NNW; + +32 ° 31 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 58 ' 00 " E + +; + +300 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; woody plants, sandy; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92878, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Citrusdale +, +14 km +NNW; + +32 ° 31 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 58 ' 00 " E + +; + +300 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; woody plants, sandy; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92879, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Citrusdale +, +14 km +NNW; + +32 ° 31 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 58 ' 00 " E + +; + +300 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; woody plants, sandy; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92880, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Citrusdale +, +14 km +NNW; + +32 ° 31 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 58 ' 00 " E + +; + +300 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; woody plants, sandy; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92881, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Clanwilliam +, + + +4 m + +. + +S; + +32 ° 13 ' 18 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 08 " E + +; + +Sep. 1961 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002168, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +coast near +Swartklip +, + +20 km +SW Stellenbosch + +; + +34 ° 04 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 00 " E + +; 0 m a. s. l.; + +30 Oct. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92687, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +coast near +Swartklip +, + +20 km +SW Stellenbosch + +; + +34 ° 04 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 00 " E + +; 0 m a. s. l.; + +30 Oct. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92836, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +coast near +Swartklip +, + +20 km +SW Stellenbosch + +; + +34 ° 04 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 00 " E + +; 0 m a. s. l.; + +30 Oct. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92837, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +coast near +Swartklip +, + +20 km +SW Stellenbosch + +; + +34 ° 04 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 00 " E + +; 0 m a. s. l.; + +30 Oct. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92841, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Darling Wild Flower Reserve +; + +33 ° 23 ' 14 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 56 " E + +; + +180 m +a. s. l. + +; + +13 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Mixed +fynbos, sandy area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92367, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Darling Wild Flower Reserve +; + +33 ° 23 ' 14 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 56 " E + +; + +180 m +a. s. l. + +; + +13 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Mixed +fynbos, sandy area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92368, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Darling Wild Flower Reserve +; + +33 ° 23 ' 14 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 56 " E + +; + +180 m +a. s. l. + +; + +13 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Mixed +fynbos, sandy area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92369, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Darling Wild Flower Reserve +; + +33 ° 23 ' 14 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 56 " E + +; + +180 m +a. s. l. + +; + +13 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Mixed +fynbos, sandy area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92370, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Darling Wild Flower Reserve +; + +33 ° 23 ' 14 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 56 " E + +; + +180 m +a. s. l. + +; + +13 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Mixed +fynbos, sandy area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92371, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Darling +, +3 km +S; + +33 ° 24 ' 21 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 51 " E + +; + +28 Sep. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; well veget. hillside above wheatlands; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 050598, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Darling +, +3 km +S; + +33 ° 24 ' 21 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 51 " E + +; + +28 Sep. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; well, veget. hillside above wheatlands; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89545, + +NMSA + + +• + +3 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002134, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Elandsbaai +, +2.5 mi. +S; + +32 ° 21 ' 09 " S +, +018 ° 19 ' 32 " E + +; + +30 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Sep. 1972 + +; +Irwin +, M. E., +Irwin, B. J. +leg.; coastal sand dunes; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 050959, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Elephant Leisure Resort +, + +8 km +S of Citrusdal + +; + +32 ° 40 ' 33 " S +, +019 ° 00 ' 34 " E + +; + +250 m +a. s. l. + +; + +11 Oct. 2014 + +; +Reavell, P. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 192817, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Fish Hoek. +, +Cape +Peninsula +; + +34 ° 07 ' 55 " S +, +018 ° 26 ' 13 " E + +; + +Oct. 1931 + +; +Munro, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 049316, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Fish Hoek. +, +Cape +Peninsula +; + +34 ° 07 ' 55 " S +, +018 ° 26 ' 13 " E + +; + +Oct. 1931 + +; +Munro, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89484, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Gaukamma Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 02 ' 00 " S +, +022 ° 57 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Dec. 1988 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +sandy ground and shrubs; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056053, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Gaukamma Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 02 ' 00 " S +, +022 ° 57 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Dec. 1988 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +sandy ground and shrubs; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89521, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Gifberg Pass +summit; + +31 ° 46 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +690 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Nov. 1986 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Quickelberge, C. +leg.; rocky macchia; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 053209, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Gifberg Pass +, + +21 km +south Vanrhynsdorp + +; + +31 ° 46 ' 21 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 59 " E + +; + +540 m +a. s. l. + +; + +08 Sep. 2002 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; montane macchia; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 84612, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Gifberg Pass +, + +21 km +south Vanrhynsdorp + +; + +31 ° 46 ' 21 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 59 " E + +; + +540 m +a. s. l. + +; + +08 Sep. 2002 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; montane macchia; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 84613, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Gifberg +, flat summit, + +24 km +S Vanrhysdorp + +; + +31 ° 46 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 00 " E + +; + +600 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92780, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Gifberg +, flat summit, + +24 km +S Vanrhysdorp + +; + +31 ° 46 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 00 " E + +; + +600 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92781, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +1 ♂ +Gifberg +, flat summit, + +24 km +S Vanrhysdorp + +; + +31 ° 46 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 00 " E + +; + +600 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Nov. 1991 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92782, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Goukamma Nature Reserve +, along +Bush Pig +trail; + +34 ° 03 ' 41 " S +, +022 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +29 m +a. s. l. + +; + +09 Dec. 2015 + +; collected p. m. (noon – 15: 00); +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; fynbos covered sand dune; +USNMENT 01115015 +, + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♂ +Goukamma Nature Reserve +, along +Bush Pig +trail; + +34 ° 03 ' 41 " S +, +022 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +29 m +a. s. l. + +; + +09 Dec. 2015 + +; collected p. m. (noon – 15: 00); +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; fynbos covered sand dune; +USNMENT 01115042 +, + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♂ +Goukamma Nature Reserve +, along +Bush Pig +trail; + +34 ° 03 ' 41 " S +, +022 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +29 m +a. s. l. + +; + +09 Dec. 2015 + +; collected p. m. (noon – 15: 00); +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; fynbos covered sand dune; +USNMENT 01115157 +, + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♀ +Goukamma Nature Reserve +, along +Bush Pig +trail; + +34 ° 03 ' 41 " S +, +022 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +29 m +a. s. l. + +; + +09 Dec. 2015 + +; collected p. m. (noon – 15: 00); +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; fynbos covered sand dune; +USNMENT 01115166 +, + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♂ +Goukamma Nature Reserve +, along +Bush Pig +trail; + +34 ° 03 ' 41 " S +, +022 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +29 m +a. s. l. + +; + +09 Dec. 2015 + +; collected p. m. (noon – 15: 00); +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; fynbos covered sand dune; +USNMENT 01115171 +, + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♂ +Goukamma Nature Reserve +, along +Bush Pig +trail; + +34 ° 03 ' 41 " S +, +022 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +29 m +a. s. l. + +; + +09 Dec. 2015 + +; collected p. m. (noon – 15: 00); +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; fynbos covered sand dune; +USNMENT 01115221 +, + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♂ +Hout Bay +; + +34 ° 02 ' 55 " S +, +018 ° 19 ' 55 " E + +; + +Nov. 1943 + +; leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016116, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Hout Bay +; + +34 ° 02 ' 55 " S +, +018 ° 19 ' 55 " E + +; + +Nov. 1943 + +; leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016117, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Kagga Kamma Nature Reserve +; + +32 ° 45 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 34 ' 13 " E + +; + +1075 m +a. s. l. + +; + +22–23 Nov. 2008 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy area +with tall fynbos near houses; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92985, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Kagga Kamma Nature Reserve +; + +32 ° 45 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 34 ' 13 " E + +; + +1075 m +a. s. l. + +; + +22–23 Nov. 2008 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy area +with tall fynbos near houses; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 92986, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Klaver +(= +Klawer +); + +31 ° 46 ' 29 " S +, +018 ° 37 ' 07 " E + +; + +19 Sep. 1917 + +; +Roberts, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 048223, + +NMSA + + +• + +2 ♀ +2 ♂ +Kleinmond +; + +34 ° 20 ' 43 " S +, +019 ° 00 ' 52 " E + +; + +Jan. 1937 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002135, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, P. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89508, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, P. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89509, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, P. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89513, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Knysna Heads +, N side; + +34 ° 04 ' 25 " S +, +023 ° 03 ' 55 " E + +; + +09–10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; open hillside grass; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 055992, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knysna Heads +, N side; + +34 ° 04 ' 25 " S +, +023 ° 03 ' 55 " E + +; + +09–10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; open hillside grass; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89514, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knysna Heads +, N side; + +34 ° 04 ' 25 " S +, +023 ° 03 ' 55 " E + +; + +09–10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; open hillside grass; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89543, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knysna Heads +, N side; + +34 ° 04 ' 25 " S +, +023 ° 03 ' 55 " E + +; + +09–10 Dec. 1979 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; open hillside grass; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89544, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knysna +, +Keurbooms River +; + +33 ° 53 ' 12 " S +, +23 ° 14 ' 30 " E + +; + +Jan. 1931 + +; +Barnard, K. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002144, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Kommetjie +; + +34 ° 09 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 00 " E + +; + +30 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Oct. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +, sandy area, hillside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95244, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Kommetjie +; + +34 ° 09 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 00 " E + +; + +30 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Oct. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +, sandy area, hillside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95245, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Kommetjie +, hillside; + +34 ° 09 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 00 " E + +; + +30 m +a. s. l. + +; + +01 Oct. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +, sandy area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95243, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Laaiplek +; + +32 ° 47 ' 10 " S +, +018 ° 09 ' 40 " E + +; + +09 Oct. 1977 + +; +Miller, R. M. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 049611, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Laaiplek +; + +32 ° 47 ' 10 " S +, +018 ° 09 ' 40 " E + +; + +09 Oct. 1977 + +; +Miller, R. M. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89517, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Laaiplek +; + +32 ° 47 ' 10 " S +, +018 ° 09 ' 40 " E + +; + +09 Oct. 1977 + +; +Miller, R. M. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89518, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Lamberts +B. P. C. (= +Lambert’s Bay +); + +32 ° 05 ' 24 " S +, +018 ° 18 ' 47 " E + +; + +20 Nov. 1917 + +; +Roberts, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 048245, + +NMSA + + +• + +3 ♂ +Moordenaars Karoo Swanepoel +; + +32 ° 58 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 48 ' 56 " E + +; + +Oct. 1952 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002133, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Muizenberg +; + +34 ° 05 ' 24 " S +, +018 ° 29 ' 45 " E + +; + +27 Dec. 1934 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 051536, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Muizenberg +( +Cape +Town +), +Macchia +slopes above; + +34 ° 05 ' 24 " S +, +018 ° 29 ' 45 " E + +; + +28 Nov. 1981 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; macchia slopes; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 048697, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Muizenberg +( +Cape +Town +), +Macchia +slopes above; + +34 ° 05 ' 24 " S +, +018 ° 29 ' 45 " E + +; + +28 Nov. 1981 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; macchia slopes; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89515, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Nuwekloof +, + +3 km +E Gouda + +; + +33 ° 19 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +120 m +a. s. l. + +; + +05 Oct. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Old +road and riverbanks; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93299, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Nuwekloof +, + +3 km +E Gouda + +; + +33 ° 19 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +120 m +a. s. l. + +; + +05 Oct. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Old +road and riverbanks; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93300, + +NMSA + + +• + +3 ♀ +Olifants River +between +Citrusdal +and +Clanwilliam +; + +32 ° 26 ' 43 " S +, +018 ° 57 ' 31 " E + +; + +Oct. 1931 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002158, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +5 ♂ +Paleisheuwel +; + +32 ° 28 ' 25 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 19 " E + +; + +Nov. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002125, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Paleisheuwel +; + +32 ° 28 ' 25 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 19 " E + +; + +Nov. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002125, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Papendrop +(= +Papendorp +) +Olifaunts River +; + +31 ° 41 ' 55 " S +, +018 ° 12 ' 34 " E + +; + +Oct. 1950 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002148, + +SAMC + + +• + +9 ♀ +18 ♂ +Pearly Beach +, +Bredarsdorp Div. +; + +34 ° 40 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 30 ' 00 " E + +; + +01 Dec. 1938 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016213, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Pearly Beach +, +Bredarsdorp Div. +; + +34 ° 40 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 30 ' 00 " E + +; + +01–13 Dec. 1938 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016206, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Pearly Beach +, +Bredarsdorp Div. +; + +34 ° 40 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 30 ' 00 " E + +; + +01–13 Dec. 1938 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016207, + +SAMC + + +• + +2 ♂ +Pearly Beach +, +Bredarsdorp Div. +; + +34 ° 40 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 30 ' 00 " E + +; + +01–13 Dec. 1938 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016213, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Pearly Beach +, +Bredarsdorp Div. +; + +34 ° 40 ' 09 " S +, +019 ° 30 ' 00 " E + +; + +Dec. 1958 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002147, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Plettenberg +; + +34 ° 03 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 22 ' 00 " E + +; + +Jan. 1952 + +; leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002149, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Polsuesl +(Pol- ---- l) R.; + +34 ° 22 ' 07 " S +, +018 ° 52 ' 30 " E + +; + +Dec. 1932 + +; +Wood, H. G. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002137, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Rocherpan Nature Reserve Trail +; + +32 ° 36 ' 20 " S +, +018 ° 18 ' 24 " E + +; + +11 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Oct. 2019 + +; +Cabrero +, A., +Deschodt +, C. leg.; open areas near pan;, +Coll. Cabrero + +• + +1 ♂ +Saldanha Bay +( +Hopefield +crossed out); + +33 ° 00 ' 23 " S +, +017 ° 56 ' 08 " E + +; + +Sep. 1960 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002146, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 08 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 26 ' 00 " E + +; + +22 Dec. 1988 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +sandy ground and rocks; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056051, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 05 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 25 ' 00 " E + +; + +442 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Dec. 1995 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95494, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 05 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 25 ' 00 " E + +; + +442 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Dec. 1995 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95495, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 05 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 25 ' 00 " E + +; + +442 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Dec. 1995 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95496, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 05 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 25 ' 00 " E + +; + +442 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Dec. 1995 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95497, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 05 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 25 ' 00 " E + +; + +442 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Dec. 1995 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95498, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Silvermine Nature Reserve +; + +34 ° 05 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 25 ' 00 " E + +; + +442 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Dec. 1995 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95502, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Somerset Strand +; + +34 ° 04 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 52 " E + +; + +08 Nov. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89527, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Somerset West Strand +; + +34 ° 04 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 52 " E + +; + +Oct. 1925 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054598, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Somerset West Strand +; + +34 ° 04 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 52 " E + +; + +25 Nov. 1925 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054599, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Somerset West Strand +; + +34 ° 04 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 48 ' 52 " E + +; + +25 Nov. 1925 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89494, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; 1888; leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002163, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1916 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056227, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1916 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056227, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1916 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89486, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1916 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89498, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +Oct. 1925 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89487, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +Oct. 1925 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89495, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +01 Dec. 1925 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056220, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +05 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056251, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +10 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056252, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +12 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056253, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +14 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89529, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056247, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +20 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056228, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +20 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056257, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +20 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89496, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +20 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89526, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +20 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89548, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +21 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056258, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +22 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056259, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +22 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89524, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +22 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89528, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +22 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89552, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056205, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056260, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89546, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89547, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89553, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 98525, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +30 Oct. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89549, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +04 Nov. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89531, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +04 Nov. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89532, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +04 Nov. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89550, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +04 Nov. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89551, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Stellenbosch +; + +33 ° 56 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 51 ' 00 " E + +; + +15 Nov. 1926 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056239, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Table Mountain National Park +; + +34 ° 14 ' 27 " S +, +018 ° 23 ' 10 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; sandy hillside bynbos area with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106783, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Table Mountain National Park +, +Cape +of +Good Hope area +; + +34 ° 20 ' 42 " S +, +018 ° 27 ' 46 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +10 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; coastal fynbos; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106781, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Table Mountain National Park +, +Olifantsbos +; + +34 ° 14 ' 27 " S +, +018 ° 23 ' 10 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy +hillside fynbos area with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106782, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Table Mountain National Park +, +Olifantsbos +; + +34 ° 14 ' 27 " S +, +018 ° 23 ' 10 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy +hillside fynbos area with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106784, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Table Mountain National Park +, +Olifantsbos +; + +34 ° 14 ' 27 " S +, +018 ° 23 ' 10 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy +hillside fynbos area with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106785, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Table Mountain National Park +, +Olifantsbos +; + +34 ° 14 ' 27 " S +, +018 ° 23 ' 10 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy +hillside fynbos area with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106786, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Table Mountain National Park +, +Olifantsbos +; + +34 ° 14 ' 27 " S +, +018 ° 23 ' 10 " E + +; + +20 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Oct. 2006 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Sandy +hillside fynbos area with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106787, + +NMSA + + +• + +2 ♂ +Wit River +(= +Witrivier +) +Valley +, +Bains Kloof +(= +Bainskloof Pass +); + +33 ° 34 ' 12 " S +, +019 ° 08 ' 20 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002132, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Wit River +(= +Witrivier +) +Valley +, +Bains Kloof +(= +Bainskloof Pass +); + +33 ° 34 ' 12 " S +, +019 ° 08 ' 20 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002132, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Ysterfontein +(= +Yzerfontein +); + +33 ° 20 ' 58 " S +, +018 ° 09 ' 15 " E + +; + +20 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 048768, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Ceres +, upper sources of +Olifants River +; + +33 ° 12 ' 29 " S +, +019 ° 14 ' 49 " E + +; + +Dec. 1949 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002118, + +SAMC + + + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +, +Western Cape +, and the +Eastern Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +9 +). This species is widely distributed and known from +216 specimens +, collected in 61 collecting events spread between 1874–2019. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo, +Cape +Floristic Region, and the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspots. Adult flies are active from August - January (Table +2 +). Adult flies have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + +Variation in the wing venation connecting R 1 and R +2 + 3 +has been observed in a few specimens of this species. Some specimens had 1–3 connecting crossveins (Fig. +10 A +), instead of the typical 2 crossveins. Coloration is also variable within this species; darker brown specimens and lighter specimens with sandy yellow coloration and more transparent wings, instead of the normal brown have been observed, +Hesse (1956) +also made note of this variation. + + + + + + + +Enica longirostris +♂ +USNMENT 01115157 + +( +A – C +) +A +habitus, dorsal view +B +habitus, lateral view +C +habitus, frontal view; + +Enica longirostris + +♂ SAM-DIP-A 016213 ♂ ( +D – F +) +D +habitus, frontal view +E +habitus, dorsal view +F +habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1F/E4/2C/1FE42C3A1274556DB7D05F6D27DCDC85.xml b/data/1F/E4/2C/1FE42C3A1274556DB7D05F6D27DCDC85.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d5987a325ce --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1F/E4/2C/1FE42C3A1274556DB7D05F6D27DCDC85.xml @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica adelphe + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 3 + + + + +Diagnosis. + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the absence of scales on the occiput, two dark elongated spots on the occiput extending from the dorsal to the lateral margin, red cuticle on the abdomen past tergite 4, and the dark brown scales on the metathoracic femur. + + + + + + +Enica adelphe + +sp. nov. +NMSA +- DIP- 89520 ♂, holotype ( +A – C +) +A +habitus, dorsal view +B +habitus, lateral view +C +habitus, frontal view; + +Enica adelphe + +sp. nov +SAM-DIP-A 004969, ♀ ( +D – F +) +D +habitus, frontal view +E +habitus, dorsal view +F +habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm. + + + + + +Etymology. + +This species is named in honor of author L. Rollinson’s sister, Jessica Rollinson. The specific epithet is Greek for sister. + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, with dark brown to black upside down “ V ” spot not touching eyes, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, males no setation near eyes, females setose near eyes only dorsally; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput whitish – yellow setose, without scales, dorsal eye margin with dark brown to black spots present, not touching eye margin, extending more than three times as long as wide; gena significantly darkened to reddish brown or black, extremely sparsely setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, black, brown setose. + + +Antenna +: black; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, white and black setose laterally and dorsally, setae extending to tip of pedicel; pedicel dark brown, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel black, tapering distally, longer than scape and pedicel combined, black scales dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: reddish brown and light orangish brown; scutum predominantly black, reddish on margins, grey to brown scales centrally and white scales peripherally; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, light yellow scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, white scales, white and black setose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, asetose or white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; scutellum red, anterior black spot or red, medial black stripe, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of yellowish-white scales. + + +Leg +: dark brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa dark reddish brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose; pro femur dark brown, dark brown scales, black setose; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa dark reddish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; mes femur dark brown, dark brown scales, black setose; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa dark reddish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur dark brown, dark brown scales, long and thick black setose; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: +8.2–9.8 mm +, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: minimal spots of infuscation in r 2 ++ 3 +, br, and bm, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, predominantly black anteriorly and red posteriorly; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 predominantly black, no red or a very thin line of red posteriorly, snow – white setose, with scales; T 2–7 predominantly dark reddish brown, dark brown setose, white scales, white scales in lines on posterior margins of T 2 and T 4; S 1–8 predominantly light reddish-orange, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin black setae remaining close to abdomen, male T 8 brown scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: gonocoxites longer than wide, broader at base, gradually narrowing, fused almost completely with phallus, with short, fine hairs apically; gonostylus with sharp projection; phallus inflated and helmet-like at base, apically separating from gonocoxite, continuing straight apically; lateral aedegal apodeme round with medial concavity; ejaculatory apodeme long, rounded in lateral view, extending significantly past anterior margin of the gonocoxites, ending at start of lateral strut. (Fig. +4 B, D +) + + + + + + +Lateral and ventral view of + +Enica + +male terminalia. Terminalia of + +Enica imitata +NMSA + +- DIP- 90025 ( +A, C +); Terminalia of + +Enica adelphe + +sp. nov. +NMSA +- DIP- 89520 ( +B, D +). Abbreviations: b ph = base of phallus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; goncx = gonocoxite; gonst = gonostylus; lat aed apod = lateral aedeagal apodeme; ph = phallus. Scale bars: 1 mm. + + + + + +Type Locality. + + +South Africa +: +Northern Cape +: Richtersveld, Grootderm +42 km +NE ( + +28 ° 22 ' 30 " S +, +016 ° 55 ' 00 " E + +). + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Richtersveld +, +Grootderm +42 km +NE; + +28 ° 22 ' 30 " S +, +016 ° 55 ' 00 " E + +; + +200 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Sep. 1989 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; eroded sandy valley with flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89520, + +NMSA + + + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Richtersveld Numees +(= Numees abandoned mine); + +28 ° 16 ' 59 " S +, +016 ° 58 ' 00 " E + +; + +09 Sep. 1986 + +; +Struck, M. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 004969, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Richtersveld +, +Grootderm +50 km +NE; + +28 ° 19 ' 00 " S +, +016 ° 55 ' 00 " E + +; + +350 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Sep. 1989 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; sandy valley below a rocky hillside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89519, + +NMSA + + + + + + +Distribution, Biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from only two localities in the +Northern Cape +in +South Africa +(Fig. +5 +). Although it is only known from +South Africa +, it is likely that this species extends northward into +Namibia +. It is only known from +3 specimens +, between 2 collecting events in 1986 and 1989. This species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo biodiversity hotspot. Adult flies have only been collected in September (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + + + +Seasonal imago flight activity for + +Enica +species + +through number of specimens collected for each month. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpeciesJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
+ +E. adelphe + + +sp. nov. + +-------- +3 +---
+ +E. clavicornis + +--------218-
+ +E. eremophila + +3-------3194011
+ +E. henicoides + +---------231
+ +E. imitata + +--------122-
+ +E. longirostris + + +6 +------111863973
+ +E. sporanthera + +-------- +1 +- +3 +-
+ +E. syrticola + +-------15222-
+ + + + + + +Map of southern Africa with elevational relief and biodiversity hotspots (sensu Conservation International in grey) and distribution of + +E. imitata + +and + +E. adelphe + +sp. nov. +specimens studied. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/29/67/22/29672236EE265DADBE3A1901AFBD8391.xml b/data/29/67/22/29672236EE265DADBE3A1901AFBD8391.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1857746ca16 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/29/67/22/29672236EE265DADBE3A1901AFBD8391.xml @@ -0,0 +1,576 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica clavicornis +( +Hesse, 1956 +) + +comb. nov. + + + + +Fig. 6 + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: + +https://zoobank.org/ +A4E281A4-196C-46DE-83F0-93D4E9CF0777 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the light creamy tan flattened setae on the haltere and the club-shaped postpedicel. + + + + + + +Enica clavicornis +♂ +NMSA + +- DIP- 93558 ( +A – C +) +A +habitus, dorsal view +B +habitus, lateral view +C +habitus, frontal view; + +Enica eremophila +♂ +NMSA + +- DIP- 93041 ( +D – F +) +D +habitus, frontal view +E +habitus, dorsal view +F +habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm. + + + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, without dark spot, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, broadly setose near eyes, extending ventral to antennae; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly or black and light yellow macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput whitish – yellow setose, brown setose on occiput spots, white scales antero-dorsally, dorsal eye margin with dark brown to black spots not more than three times as long as wide, absent in males; gena creamy white, whitish – yellow setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, light brown to brown, light yellowish-brown setose. + + +Antenna +: dark brown; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, white and black setose laterally and dorsally, setae short, not extending to end of pedicel; pedicel creamy white, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel dark brown, proximal bulb with elongated distal part, longer than scape and pedicel combined, white or light yellow scales dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: light orangish brown; scutum medially black, red around margins, red sometimes extends in medial line from behind head to center of thorax, yellowish-white to white scales with two submedial longitudinal stripes of white scales; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, light yellow scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, long white flattened setose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long white scales ventrally, black macrosetose and white setose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, long white scales, white setose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; scutellum light orangish red, slight anterior black spot, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of light brown and white scales, black setose, white scales, black setose or yellowish-white scales. + + +Leg +: light orangish brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa light orangish brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose; pro femur light orangish brown, white scales proximally, brown scales distally, thick black setose ventrally; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine light brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa light orangish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose; mes femur light orangish brown, white scales proximally, brown scales distally, thick black setose ventrally; mes tibia light brown, light brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa light orangish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur light orangish brown, white scales proximally, brown scales distally, long and thick black setose ventrally; met tibia light brown, light brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: +9.1–10.1 mm +, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: minimal spots of infuscation in r 2 ++ 3 +, br, and bm, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem light yellowish-brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, reddish-orange with a black spot on T 2, middle of T 3; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 reddish yellow to light brown, light yellowish-brown to light whitish-brown setose, with scales; T 2 – T 7 predominantly reddish-orange, thin black setose, brown to light yellowish-brown scales, scales uniformly colored throughout; S 1–8 predominantly light reddish-orange, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin black setae remaining close to abdomen, male T 8 dull, light yellow scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: Male terminalia drawings in +Hesse (1956 +, p 45): +https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40844180 +. + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Hondeklip-Baai +; + +30 ° 18 ' 47 " S +, +017 ° 16 ' 30 " E + +; + +11 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 051430, + +NMSA + + + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Wallekraal +; + +30 ° 23 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 30 ' 32 " E + +; + +Oct. 1950 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002151, + +SAMC + + + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Nov. 1948 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002152, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Nov. 1948 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002152, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Nov. 1948 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002152, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Nov. 1948 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002152, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Nov. 1948 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002152, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Nov. 1948 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002152, + +SAMC + + +. + + + + +Other material. + + + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Hondeklip-Baai +; + +30 ° 18 ' 47 " S +, +017 ° 16 ' 30 " E + +; + +11 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002150, + +SAMC + + +. + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♀ +Lutzville +, +6 km +NE; + +31 ° 35 ' 43 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 55 " E + +; + +35 m +a. s. l. + +; + +29 Sep. 2009 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; red vegetated sand dune, woody fynbos; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93557, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Lutzville +, +6 km +NE; + +31 ° 35 ' 43 " S +, +018 ° 22 ' 55 " E + +; + +35 m +a. s. l. + +; + +29 Sep. 2009 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Dikow +, +Torsten +leg.; +Red +vegetated sand dune, woody fynbos; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93558, + +NMSA + + +. + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +and +Western Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +7 +). This species is only known from +11 specimens +, collected in 4 collecting events spread between 1933–2009. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo biodiversity hotspot. Adult flies are active from September - November (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + + + +Map of southern Africa with elevational relief and biodiversity hotspots (sensu Conservation International in grey) and distribution of + +E. eremophila + +, + +E. syrticola + +and + +E. clavicornis + +specimens studied. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/AC/BF/34ACBFE746665D15814EE1EEC8A187B5.xml b/data/34/AC/BF/34ACBFE746665D15814EE1EEC8A187B5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..85b96cb646f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/34/AC/BF/34ACBFE746665D15814EE1EEC8A187B5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,2285 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica eremophila +( +Hesse, 1975 +) + +comb. nov. + + + + +Fig. 6 + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: + +https://zoobank.org/ +04C520D8-0187-4ECE-B88B-CCB9B25937A6 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the reddish orange postpedicel and oblique rectangular white stained area between R +1 +and CuA. + + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, without dark spot, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head, rarely reddish-orange, much darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, males no setation near eyes, females setose near eyes only dorsally; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput whitish – yellow setose, without scales, antero-dorsally with dark brown to black spots, usually oval or dorsal eye margin with dark brown to black spots present, not touching eye margin, extending more than three times as long as wide; gena creamy white, extremely sparsely setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, light brown to brown, light yellowish-brown setose. + + +Antenna +: reddish brown; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, black setose dorsally and ventrally, setae short, not extending to end of pedicel; pedicel reddish brown or creamy white, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel reddish brown, tapering distally, longer than scape and pedicel combined, dark setose dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: light orangish brown; scutum medially black, red around margins, red sometimes extends in medial line from behind head to center of thorax, light to dark brown scales, two submedial stripes with lighter scales; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, dull white scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, long white flattened setose, black macrosetose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, asetose; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, white setose dorsally; scutellum red, anterior black spot, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of white scales, black setose. + + +Leg +: light brown to brown or light orangish brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa brown or light orangish brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; pro femur brown or light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa light orangish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; mes femur brown or light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa brown or light orangish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur brown or light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: +10.1–10.3 mm +, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: slightly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, oblique rectangular area between CuA and R +1 +, r-r, r-m, and base of m +2 +, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, oblique rectangular area between CuA and R +1 +, r-r, r-m, and base of m +2 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish-clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, predominantly black anteriorly and red posteriorly; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 predominantly reddish-orange, some black, reddish-orange or predominantly black, no red or a very thin line of red posteriorly, light yellowish-brown to light whitish brown setose, with scales; T 2 – T 7 black anteriorly, red posteriorly, thin black setose, brown to light yellowish-brown scales, lighter scales on spots (sometimes line) along posterior margins of T 2–4; S 1–8 predominantly light reddish-orange, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin black setae remaining close to abdomen, male T 8 white scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: Male terminalia drawings under the name + +Enica afra + +in +Hesse (1956 +, p 38): +https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40844173 +. + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Touws River +to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002153, + +SAMC + +. + + + + + +Other material. + + + +South Africa +– +Eastern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; 1917; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054456, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +01 Nov. 1919 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054457, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +25 Nov. 1922 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054458, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +, +Modderfontein +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +04 Dec. 1920 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 056057, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Willowmore +, +Modderfontein +; + +33 ° 17 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 29 ' 00 " E + +; + +04 Dec. 1920 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89505, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Willowmore +, +Georgida +; + +33 ° 26 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 19 ' 00 " E + +; + +05 Jan. 1927 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89506, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Willowmore +, +Georgida +; + +33 ° 26 ' 00 " S +, +023 ° 19 ' 00 " E + +; + +05 Jan. 1927 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89507, + +NMSA + + +. + + + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Akkerendam Nature Reserve +; + +31 ° 25 ' 15 " S +, +019 ° 46 ' 54 " E + +; + +1065 m +a. s. l. + +; + +15 Nov. 2011 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Londt, A. +leg.; karoo scrub, rocky area near stream; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 206510, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Calvinia +, +12 km +S; + +31 ° 34 ' 10 " S +, +019 ° 43 ' 56 " E + +; + +1080 m +a. s. l. + +; + +07 Sep. 2002 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; sandy roadside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 84594, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Fish River +bridge, + +23 km +SE Middelpos + +; + +32 ° 01 ' 25 " S +, +020 ° 24 ' 25 " E + +; + +1145 m +a. s. l. + +; + +18 Nov. 2008 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; sandy riverine scrub area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106779, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Fish River +bridge, + +23 km +SE Middelpos + +; + +32 ° 01 ' 25 " S +, +020 ° 24 ' 25 " E + +; + +1145 m +a. s. l. + +; + +18 Nov. 2008 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; sandy riverine scrub area; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106780, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 051578, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89497, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89499, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89500, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89501, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89502, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89503, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Klipfontein +; + +30 ° 30 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 49 ' 57 " E + +; + +16 Nov. 1933 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89504, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +1 ♂ +Springbok +; + +29 ° 40 ' 00 " S +, +017 ° 53 ' 00 " E + +; + +Nov. 1890 + +; +Lightfoot, R. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002162, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Sutherland +, +19 km +S; + +32 ° 33 ' 00 " S +, +020 ° 34 ' 00 " E + +; + +1100 m +a. s. l. + +; + +24 Nov. 1990 + +; +Whittington +, +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; verlatekloof roadside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 051370, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +1 ♂ +Sutherland +, +19 km +S; + +32 ° 33 ' 00 " S +, +020 ° 34 ' 00 " E + +; + +1100 m +a. s. l. + +; + +24 Nov. 1990 + +; +Whittington +, +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; verlatekloof roadside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89539, + +NMSA + + +• + +4 ♀ +Tankwa Karoo +, +Waterval +; + +32 ° 21 ' 00 " S +, +020 ° 10 ' 48 " E + +; + +Nov. 1952 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002154, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Tankwa Karoo +, +Waterval +; + +32 ° 21 ' 00 " S +, +020 ° 10 ' 48 " E + +; + +Nov. 1952 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002154, + +SAMC + + +• + +2 ♂ +Thee Kloof +(= +Theekloof Pass +, or +Teekloofpas +) +Fraserburg +; + +32 ° 12 ' 19 " S +, +021 ° 37 ' 20 " E + +; + +Nov. 1935 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002159, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Thee Kloof +(= +Theekloof Pass +, or +Teekloofpas +) +Fraserburg +; + +32 ° 12 ' 19 " S +, +021 ° 37 ' 20 " E + +; + +Nov. 1935 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002159, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Visriver +, + +50 km +E of Calvinia + +; + +31 ° 26 ' 15 " S +, +020 ° 16 ' 48 " E + +; + +990 m +a. s. l. + +; + +10 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; river edge vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90077, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Williston +, +8 km +W; + +31 ° 20 ' 48 " S +, +020 ° 50 ' 52 " E + +; + +1080 m +a. s. l. + +; + +10 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Karoo +vegetation, at foot of rocky ridge; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90036, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Williston +, +8 km +W; + +31 ° 20 ' 48 " S +, +020 ° 50 ' 52 " E + +; + +1080 m +a. s. l. + +; + +10 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Karoo +vegetation, at foot of rocky ridge; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90042, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Williston +, +8 km +W; + +31 ° 20 ' 48 " S +, +020 ° 50 ' 52 " E + +; + +1080 m +a. s. l. + +; + +10 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Karoo +vegetation, at foot of rocky ridge; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90043, + +NMSA + + + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +7 +Weeks Poort +(= +Seven Weeks Poort +); + +33 ° 24 ' 02 " S +, +021 ° 23 ' 56 " E + +; + +17 Nov. 1940 + +; +van Son, G. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 051556, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Avontuur +Cape +Colony +; + +33 ° 43 ' 01 " S +, +023 ° 09 ' 56 " E + +; + +Jan. 1920 + +; +Brauns, H. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 054578, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Beaufort W. Dist. +, +Nieuwveld +; + +32 ° 21 ' 00 " S +, +022 ° 35 ' 00 " E + +; + +Nov. 1935 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002136, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Beaufort W. Dist. +, +Nieuwveld +; + +32 ° 21 ' 00 " S +, +022 ° 35 ' 00 " E + +; + +Nov. 1935 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002136, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Between Calitzdorp +and +Schoemans Poort +(= +Schoemanspoort +); + +33 ° 06 ' 33 " S +, +22 ° 03 ' 18 " E + +; + +Oct. 1938 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002165, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Buffel’s River +, between +Laingsburg +and 7. wks. +Poort +(= seven weeks poort); + +33 ° 21 ' 31 " S +, +20 ° 57 ' 19 " E + +; + +Oct. 1937 + +; leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002139, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Dwyka river +N 1; + +33 ° 05 ' 07 " S +, +021 ° 34 ' 46 " E + +; + +455 m +a. s. l. + +; + +13 Oct. 2013 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Londt, A. +leg.; +Rocky +river-bed with stagnant pools; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 106776, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89535, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89538, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89540, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 048069, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89510, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89511, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89512, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89533, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89534, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89536, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Knersvlakte +, +North of Van Rhynsdorp +, SW cape; + +31 ° 15 ' 00 " S +, +018 ° 45 ' 00 " E + +; + +06–09 Oct. 1964 + +; +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +, +Stuckenberg, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89537, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Laingsburg +, +5 km +S; + +33 ° 14 ' 00 " S +, +020 ° 52 ' 00 " E + +; + +700 m +a. s. l. + +; + +25 Nov. 1990 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Banks Buffels River +; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 051274, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Laingsburg +, +70 km +W; + +33 ° 16 ' 33 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 25 " E + +; + +900 m +a. s. l. + +; + +07 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90031, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Laingsburg +, +70 km +W; + +33 ° 16 ' 33 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 25 " E + +; + +900 m +a. s. l. + +; + +07 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Macchia +vegetation; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90032, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Louw’s River +; + +34 ° 17 ' 28 " S +, +018 ° 54 ' 45 " E + +; + +Oct. 1937 + +; +Radismith +, +Beliv +, +Montagu +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002138, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Montagu +; + +33 ° 46 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 40 " E + +; + +Oct. 1919 + +; leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 002164, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Montagu +; + +33 ° 46 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 40 " E + +; + +Nov. 1919 + +; +Lightfoot, R. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002160, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Montagu +; + +33 ° 46 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 40 " E + +; + +Nov. 1919 + +; +Lightfoot, R. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002160, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Montagu +; + +33 ° 46 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 40 " E + +; + +Nov. 1919 + +; +Lightfoot, R. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002160, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Montagu +; + +33 ° 46 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 40 " E + +; + +Nov. 1919 + +; +Lightfoot, R. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002160, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Montagu Nature Garden +; + +33 ° 47 ' 33 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 51 " E + +; + +240 m +a. s. l. + +; + +19 Oct. 2005 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Succulent Karoo +garden on hot N slope; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93037, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Montagu Nature Garden +; + +33 ° 47 ' 33 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 51 " E + +; + +240 m +a. s. l. + +; + +19 Oct. 2005 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Succulent Karoo +garden on hot N slope; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93039, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Montagu Nature Garden +; + +33 ° 47 ' 33 " S +, +020 ° 07 ' 51 " E + +; + +240 m +a. s. l. + +; + +19 Oct. 2005 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Succulent Karoo +garden on hot N slope; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 93041, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Ouberg Pass +, +SE of Touws +R.; + +33 ° 41 ' 01 " S +, +020 ° 15 ' 15 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016112, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Ouberg Pass +, +SE of Touws +R.; + +33 ° 41 ' 01 " S +, +020 ° 15 ' 15 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016113, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Schoemans Poort +(= +Shoemanspoort +); + +33 ° 26 ' 28 " S +, +022 ° 15 ' 04 " E + +; 1938; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 002166, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Touws +Rivier to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002153, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Touws +Rivier to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016111, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Touws +Rivier to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016209, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Touws +Rivier to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016210, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Touws +Rivier to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016211, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Touws +Rivier to +Hondewater +, +18 miles +E; + +33 ° 28 ' 60 " S +, +020 ° 19 ' 01 " E + +; + +Dec. 1962 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016212, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Worcester +, +Karoo Botanic Garden +; + +33 ° 37 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 27 ' 00 " E + +; + +420 m +a. s. l. + +; + +27 Sep. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; macchia; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95283, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Worcester +, +Karoo Botanic Garden +; + +33 ° 37 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 27 ' 00 " E + +; + +420 m +a. s. l. + +; + +27 Sep. 1993 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; macchia; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 95284, + +NMSA + + +. + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +, +Western Cape +, and +Eastern Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +7 +). This species is widely found and known from +76 specimens +, collected in 27 collecting events spread between 1890–2013. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo and +Cape +Floristic Region biodiversity hotspots. Adult flies are active from September - January (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + +Hesse (1975) +mentioned that some darker specimens of + +E. eremophila + +were observed, some of these also have a black T 1. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/44/AB/D7/44ABD71D63915D5DAE7E651BF4454556.xml b/data/44/AB/D7/44ABD71D63915D5DAE7E651BF4454556.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..95e995bcde2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/44/AB/D7/44ABD71D63915D5DAE7E651BF4454556.xml @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ + + + +Revision of the Chinese endemic genus Megadrypta Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Dryptini), with description of a new species + + + +Author + +Chen, Jia-Heng +0000-0003-2449-8838 +College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China + + + +Author + +Shi, Hong-Liang +0000-0002-9989-5830 +College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China + + + +Author + +Liang, Hong-Bin +0000-0002-9668-1167 +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +1226 + + +183 +193 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1226.142678 +0B9EFAA1-3377-42F0-B43A-B77F439F88FE + + + + +Genus + +Megadrypta +Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020 + + + + + + + + +Megadrypta + +Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020: 525 +. + + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + + + +Megadrypta mirabilis +Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020 + +, by original designation. + + + + +Diagnostic characters. + + +Large dryptine ground beetles with +BL +13.0–17.0 mm. Dorsal surface dark with more or less bluish metallic luster; mouth parts, antennae, and legs reddish or dark brown. All terminal palpomeres securiform in males, slenderer and weakly expanded at apex in females; labrum trilobate, with medial lobe forwardly projecting; antennae long, aligned backward reaching middle of elytra; antennomere 1 nearly as long as sum of antennomeres 2–7 combined; temporae well developed. Pronotum cylindrical; anterior angles obtuse; lateral margins of pronotum distinctly doubly concave, before middle and after middle; lateral margins of pronotum completely beaded; posterior angles nearly rectangular, apex rounded. Elytra wide; shoulders extremely narrow; with 6–8 parascutellar pores; striae deeply punctate; intervals slightly convex and pubescent; posterior margins of elytra truncated, slightly sinuate near outer-apical angles. Hind wings reduced. Legs slender, tarsal claws toothless. Male genitalia stout; apical lamella short and wide, apex rounded and thickened; endophallus with more or less distinct central sclerite. Gonocoxite 2 of ovipositor falciform and smooth, without ensiform setae. + + + + +Geographical notes + + +(Fig. +1 +). Members of this genus were only found in mid-elevation ( +1000–1500 m +) habitats in southern +China +. + +Megadrypta mirabilis + +is distributed in the Nanling Area including southeastern +Guizhou +, northern +Guangxi +, and northern +Guangdong +. + +Megadrypta maozhoui + +sp. nov. +is distributed in southwestern mountains around the +Sichuan +Basin, and it is currently recorded from central +Sichuan +and northeastern +Yunnan +. + + + + + + +Distribution map for + +Megadrypta +spp. + +Red circles: + +M. mirabilis +Sciaky & Anichtchenko + +; yellow circles: + +M. maozhoui + +sp. nov. + + + + +Key to species of +<taxonomicName id="B18B4BD396EE924F86DD4523336A02A0" authority="Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020" authorityName="Sciaky & Anichtchenko" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megadrypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="E5D81C894D435D4C692FCE4CA1634E35" italics="true">Megadrypta</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="C00CC6930CCE1805F9B53A931EFFA1EA" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.5" author="Sciaky R & Anichtchenko A" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="522-530" refId="B2" refString="Sciaky R, Anichtchenko A (2020) Taxonomic notes on the tribe Dryptini Bonelli, 1810 with description of a new genus and species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Dryptini). Zootaxa 4731 (4): 522-530. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.5" title="Taxonomic notes on the tribe Dryptini Bonelli, 1810 with description of a new genus and species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Dryptini)." volume="4731" year="2020">Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1 +Body very large ( +BL +13–17 mm); pronotal lateral bead complete; elytron with 6–8 parascutellar pores; elytra strongly narrowed toward shoulders; hind wings strongly reduced; gonocoxite 2 of ovipositor without setae + + +2 ( + +Megadrypta + +) + +
– +Body smaller in size ( +BL +<14 mm); pronotal lateral bead complete or not; elytron with 1–4 parascutellar pores; elytra less pronouncedly narrowed toward shoulders; hind wings well developed; gonocoxite 2 of ovipositor setose (except for the genus + +Nesiodrypta +Jeannel, 1949 + +without setae) + + +other +Dryptini +genera + +
2 +Dorsal surface black, with bluish luster very faint and hardly visible; femora dark brown to piceous, tibiae and tarsi sometimes lighter (Fig. +2 B +); mentum with anterior margin straight at middle (Fig. +6 B +); elytral striae incised with large punctures (much smaller than interval width); in lateral view, median lobe of aedeagus equally broadened before apical third and then abruptly narrowed, ventral margin strongly curved before apical lamella (Fig. +4 A +) + + + +M +. +mirabilis +Sciaky & Anichtchenko + + +
– +Dorsal surface dark with distinct bluish metallic luster; legs entirely reddish brown (Fig. +2 A +); mentum with anterior margin concave at middle (Fig. +6 A +); elytral striae interrupted by very coarse foveae (of similar size as interval width) (Fig. +3 C +); in lateral view, median lobe of aedeagus gradually attenuate to apex, ventral margin almost straight before apical lamella (Fig. +5 A +) + + + +M +. +maozhoui + +sp. nov. + +
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/F7/48/87F748CF9F83587CA797FD03A5C61C0A.xml b/data/87/F7/48/87F748CF9F83587CA797FD03A5C61C0A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8d94041756a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/F7/48/87F748CF9F83587CA797FD03A5C61C0A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica imitata +( +Hesse, 1956 +) + +comb. nov. + + + + +Fig. 8 + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: + +https://zoobank.org/ +B9E4599C-A9B0-4162-AB1D-8E79EF2D72B8 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the white scales present on the occiput, additionally two dark elongated spots can be seen on the dorsal margin of the occiput. Metathoracic femur has white scales ventrally and brown scales dorsally. + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, with dark brown to black triangular spot extending to eyes, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, males no setation near eyes, females setose near eyes only dorsally; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput whitish – yellow setose, brown setose on occiput spots, white scales antero-dorsally, dorsal eye margin with dark brown to black spots present, touching or almost touching eye margin, never extending ventrally past level of antennae; gena creamy white, extremely sparsely setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, light brown to brown, brown setose. + + +Antenna +: dark brown; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, black setose dorsally and ventrally, setae extending to tip of pedicel; pedicel reddish brown or dark brown, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel dark brown, tapering distally, longer than scape and pedicel combined, white or light yellow scales dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: reddish brown and light orangish brown; scutum predominantly black, reddish on margins, grey to brown scales centrally and white scales peripherally, with white scales in two short anterior stripes sub – medially; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, dull white scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, white scales, white and black setose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; scutellum red, anterior black spot, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of light brown and white scales, black setose or white scales, black setose. + + +Leg +: dark brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa dark reddish brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; pro femur dark brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa dark reddish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; mes femur dark brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa dark reddish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur dark brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: 7.8–9.0 mm, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: slightly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +, middle of br and basal portion of r +1 +, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, black; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 predominantly black, no red or a very thin line of red posteriorly, snow – white setose, with scales; T 2 – T 7 predominantly black, light brown setose, white scales, white scales on spots on posterior margins of T 2 and T 4, single spot medially on T 2; S 1–8 predominantly black with reddish brown, dense snow – white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin black setae remaining close to abdomen, male T 8 white scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: gonocoxites longer than wide, broader at base, convex basally with straight apical third, fused almost completely with phallus, with short, fine hairs apically; gonostylus with sharp projection; phallus inflated and helmet-like at base, apically separating from gonocoxite, slightly curving back towards gonocoxite; lateral aedegal apodeme round, extending laterally; ejaculatory apodeme long, rounded in lateral view, extending significantly past anterior margin of the gonocoxites, ending under lateral strut. (Fig. +4 A, C +) + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Moordenaars Karoo Lammerfontein +; + +32 ° 58 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 48 ' 56 " E + +; + +Oct. 1952 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002172, + +SAMC + + + + + + + +Paratype + +. + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Moordenaars Karoo Lammerfontein +; + +32 ° 58 ' 02 " S +, +020 ° 48 ' 56 " E + +; + +Oct. 1952 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002172, + +SAMC + + + + + + +Other material. + + + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Calvinia +, +12 km +S; + +31 ° 34 ' 10 " S +, +019 ° 43 ' 56 " E + +; + +1080 m +a. s. l. + +; + +07 Sep. 2002 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; sandy roadside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 84590, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♂ +Sutherland +, +18 km +N, +Renoster River Area +; + +32 ° 15 ' 10 " S +, +020 ° 41 ' 39 " E + +; + +1290 m +a. s. l. + +; + +07 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Karoo Macchia +; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90025, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Sutherland +, +18 km +N, +Renoster River Area +; + +32 ° 15 ' 10 " S +, +020 ° 41 ' 39 " E + +; + +1290 m +a. s. l. + +; + +07 Nov. 1998 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; +Karoo Macchia +; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 90027, + +NMSA + + +. + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +and +Western Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +5 +). This species is known from +5 specimens +, collected in 3 collecting events spread between 1952–2002. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo and the +Cape +Floristic Region biodiversity hotspots. Adult flies are active from September - November (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/92/7E/BA/927EBA5465FE5FD7AD4AE4B18288A116.xml b/data/92/7E/BA/927EBA5465FE5FD7AD4AE4B18288A116.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2c63644d518 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/92/7E/BA/927EBA5465FE5FD7AD4AE4B18288A116.xml @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ + + + +Two new species in the green lacewing genus Santocellus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Leucochrysini) + + + +Author + +Tauber, Catherine A. +0000-0003-1310-8996 +Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 and Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +1226 + + +195 +215 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1226.140386 +A7206C6D-7DE6-4B07-83BE-4FDD610660BE + + + + + +Santocellus helene + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 b +, +7 +, +8 b, d, f +, +9 +, +10 e +, +11 e +, +12 e + + + + +Etymology of name. + +The species is named in honor of Hélène Legrand, wife of Jean Legrand (see Dedication above). The species name is her given name in apposition (restrictive) to the masculine genus name. + + + + +Type +specimen. + + + + +(sex and figures; verbatim label data [specimen location]) + +Holotype + + +• + +Male (Figs +3 b +, +7 +– +9 +) – (1) +Bolivia +/ +Cochabamba +/ Alto Palmar, XI- 60 – (2) Bought / +F. H. Walz +– (3) +Phillip A. Adams +/ Collection / 1998 bequest to / Calif. Acad. Sci. – (4) + +Gonzaga + +n. sp. +; – (5) Photos 4-23 - 79 [ + +CAS + +]. No other specimens + +. + + + + + + +Side-by-side comparisons of male external abdominal features +a, c, e + +Santocellus legrandi + +sp. nov. +, holotype, Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Bartola ( +CAS +) +b, d, f + +Santocellus helene + +sp. nov. +, holotype, Bolivia, Cochabamba, Alto Palmar ( +CAS +) +a, b +abdominal segments A 6 - terminus, lateral +c, d +terminus of S 8 + 9, with terminal membrane bearing distinctive patches of gonocristae +e, f +callus cerci. + + + + + + + +Gonarcal complex of + +Santocellus helene + +sp. nov. +, holotype, Bolivia, Cochabamba, Alto Palmar ( +CAS +) +a +posterolateral +b +lateral +c +frontolateral +d +posteroventral +e +dorsal. Abbreviations: gc gonocornu (fused mesally, forming rounded plate); gsac gonosaccus; gst gonosetae; g. ap. gonarcal apodeme, dorsal view; g. br. gonarcal bridge; mu-d mediuncus, dorsal view; mu-f mediuncus, frontal view; rod internal mediuncal apodemes. + + + + + + +Description (based only on male +holotype +). + + + +Adult. +Medium-sized. +Head +(Fig. +7 a – d +): +1.81 mm +wide (dorsum, including eyes); ratio of head width to eye width = 1.94: 1; sutures not visible. Vertex raised, with small posterior fold. Antenna +23.6 mm +long (~ 1.2 times length of forewing); scapes prominent, approximately as long as broad ( +0.17–0.18 mm +). Pedicel round, tubular, not modified. Torulus relatively large, extending well below mid-eye level. Frons short to moderate length, with pale setae, lower margin scalloped upward above clypeus (below toruli). Tentorial pits distinct, round, raised. Gena +0.21 mm +long; ratio of genal length to distance between tentorial pits = 0.47: 1. Clypeus quadrate, except dorsal margin broadly curved upward below frons, distal margin relatively straight, pale mesally; surface rounded, slightly raised mesally, with sparse, amber setae of medium length. Labrum tapering anteriorly, with bilobed frontal margin, distinct cleft between lobes moderately deep, lateral margins tapering, long setae basally, shorter setae distally. Labium with submentum slender, rounded ventrally, with round, slightly bulbous tip. +Coloration +: Scapes with frontal surface pale, mesal tip with dark mark extending onto mesal base of pedicel; pedicel tan throughout; flagellum largely pale, with basal three segments, distal segments dark brown to black. Lateral margins of vertex with pair of dark brown, curvy longitudinal bands, forming cream-colored circular spot centrally, each band with pale spot adjacent to circular spot, thus forming transverse row of three round cream-colored spots. Frons heavily marked with dark brown to reddish black distally, with broad, dark brown, scalloped band along margin above clypeus, laterally extending almost to mesal margins of eyes, mesally extending very short distance between scapes; area below scapes cream-colored, without markings. Clypeus with slender stripe across midsection, not reaching lateral margins; labrum with slight brownish tinge mesally. Clypeus with dark brown marks laterally, blending into dark distal marks on gena. Venter of head pale, pair of small brown spots near base of mentum and eyes; distal three maxillary palpomeres dark brown to black, basal two probably pale; distal labial palpomere black, basal two pale. + + +Thorax +(Fig. +7 a, b, e +): Prothorax approximately two times wider than long: +0.64 mm +long, +0.31 mm +wide; ratio of length to width = 0.48: 1. Surface with fine, golden setae, most short, some long to very long. Legs slender, with short to medium length, robust, setae, few long setae; tips of tarsi smooth, shiny (black) dorsally, with pair of smooth, small, swellings at terminus (Fig. +7 e +). Tarsal claw moderately long, narrow, base without dilation but with small mesal spur, two pairs of very long setae distally. +Coloration +: [Note: cream- or tan-colored areas described here probably green in life.] Three thoracic segments mostly dark brown; pronotum with margins dark brown to black, center cream-colored, mottled with ~ six large dark brown to black patches; venter, pleural region cream to light tan. Mesonotum, metanotum with paired cream and dark brown patches interspersed in roundish pattern. Legs pale, mostly unmarked, with setae mostly golden, few longer setae pale; surface of terminal segment (including base of tarsal claws and pair of small terminal swellings) shiny, black (Fig. +7 e +). Tarsal claw moderately long, narrow, with small spur; base slightly enlarged, without distinct dilation. + + +Wings +(Fig. +3 b +): Forewing (left) +19.4 mm +long, +7.2 mm +wide (maximum). Costal area moderately tall; tallest costal cell (# 10) +1.7 mm +tall, 0.24 times maximum height of wing. First intramedian cell triangular, stout, +1.2 mm +wide, ~ 0.6 times width of third median cell. Origin of first radial crossvein ~ +0.32 mm +distal to origin of Rs; radial area (between +R +and Rs) with single row of 14 closed cells; tallest radial cell 2.9 times taller than wide. Three b cells, each full sized, slightly longer than tall; first b cell heavily marked on all sides. Two series of gradates; 8 inner gradates, 9 outer gradates; size of cells bounded by gradates fairly uniform, lengthening slightly distally. Four b’ cells (beneath Psm, after im 2); last b’ cell wider than tall. Three intracubital cells, distal one open; first cubital crossvein located basal to second mediocubital crossvein; icu 1, icu 2 each shorter than icu 3; icu 1 + icu 2 longer than icu 3. Vein 1 A forked. Terminal margin with approximately 5 simple veinlets, 13 forked veinlets. + + +Hindwing: +17.2 mm +long, +5.2 mm +wide; 12 radial cells (counted from origin of +R +, not false origin); t cell absent; first b cell beneath RP relatively small, quadrate, heavily marked. Two series of gradates; 6 inner gradates, 8 outer gradates. Three b cells; 4 b’ cells beyond im 2; 3 intracubital cells, distal one open. Terminal margin with 5 simple basal veinlets, 12 forked basal veinlets. +Coloration +: Wings hyaline, with bold dark brown markings. Forewing: stigma with large dark-brown spot basally, second smaller dark-brown spot distally; veins pale except in marks; penultimate sections of +R +, Rs, including +R +– Rs crossveins dark brown, surrounded by dark brown suffusion; slightly elongate dark brown mark at tip of wing, dark streak across center of wing, through inner gradate veins; dark-brown streak from base of Rs to margin of wing; scattered dark-brown marks along lower basal half of wing edge. Hindwing: stigma with one large dark-brown mark; base of RP, t cell absent; first b cell small, quadrate with dark-brown mark; distal section of cu (on posterior margin of wing) dark brown. Terminal margin with 4 simple veinlets, ~ 14 forked veinlets. + + +Male abdomen +(Figs +8 +, +9 +, slightly teneral). Segments 1–3 similar in size, proportion to distal segments, only slightly larger than basal segments. Fifth, sixth tergites ( +T +5, +T +6) slightly taller than seventh tergite ( +T +7). Tergites, sclerites, pleural region with numerous, short to medium length setae, microsetae; spiracles not enlarged; microtholi absent. Abdominal sternites moderately tall (S 6: ratio of length to width = 1.2: 1), with dorsal margins straight, slanting; distal sternites with slightly long, slender setae throughout. Callus cerci almost round to slightly ovate, 0.23– +0.16 mm +diameter, with ~ 31 long trichobothria; cupuliform bases of variable size [those within central section larger (~ +0.028 mm +) than those on periphery (~ +0.015 mm +)]. Dorsum of +T +9 + ectoproct rounded distally, fused mesally with very small to no cleft; no midline suture visible; with long setae, densest along distal margin; dorsal apodeme straight, extending along full length of +T +9 + ectoproct, above upper side of callus cerci, with large ventral spur extending downward along basal margin of callus cerci to posterodistal margin of ectoproct. S 8 + 9 fused, apparently without suture, tapering to acute apex (lateral view); S 9 slightly darker than S 8; ventral apodeme extending across dorsal surface of S 8 + 9; S 9 spatulate distally, with terminal membrane prominent, attached across full margin of sternite; membrane bearing single, irregular row of large robust gonocristae laterally, smaller, denser gonocristae mesally. + + + +Male genitalia +. + +Tignum, gonapsis, parameres, quadrate hood, pseudopenis, spinellae absent. Gonarcus broad, with gonarcal bridge bearing pair of elongate gonocornua fused laterally forming dome-like plate above mediuncus. Gonarcal arms large, rounded, expanded slightly forward. Mediuncus elongate, in two sections: basal section extending from below gonarcal bridge, with pair of elongate, rod-like internal apodemes covered dorsally by heavy subanal membrane; distal section of mediuncus extending distally from basal section at acute angle, with pair of flange-like arms lateral to mesal beak; gonosaccus beneath mediuncus, stiff, flat laterally, with few gonosetae. + + + +Female abdomen and genitalia +. + +Unknown. + + + + +Variation. + +Unknown. + + + +Known distribution. + + +South America. +Bolivia +( +Cochabamba +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A1/24/9F/A1249FE843185A939BA00B5DF7CBE0B4.xml b/data/A1/24/9F/A1249FE843185A939BA00B5DF7CBE0B4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..317a6d61f77 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A1/24/9F/A1249FE843185A939BA00B5DF7CBE0B4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica sporanthera +( +Hesse, 1956 +) + +comb. nov. + + + + +Fig. 11 + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: + +https://zoobank.org/ +12C60B29-A951-413E-9E8A-6E73C7434B7A + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the elongated black spot on the dorsal occiput in both males and females, which extends across the head. + + + + + + +Enica sporanthera + +♂ SAM-DIP-A 002174 ( +A – C +) +A +habitus, dorsal view +B +habitus, lateral view +C +habitus, frontal view; + +Enica syrticola +♂ +NMSA + +- DIP- 89516 ( +D – F +) +D +habitus, frontal view +E +habitus, dorsal view +F +habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm. + + + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: similar to head, slightly darker than head, without dark spot, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, males no setation near eyes, females setose near eyes only dorsally; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput collar of dense snow – white setose, white scales antero-dorsally, dorsal eye margin with dark brown to black spots present, touching or almost touching eye margin, never extending ventrally past level of antennae; gena creamy white, extremely sparsely setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, light brown to brown, light yellowish-brown setose. + + +Antenna +: dark brown; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, black setose dorsally and ventrally, setae short, not extending to end of pedicel; pedicel brown or creamy white, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel dark brown, tapering distally, longer than scape and pedicel combined, white or light yellow scales dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: light orangish brown; scutum predominantly black, reddish on margins, grey to brown scales centrally and white scales peripherally; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, dull white scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, white scales, white and black setose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; scutellum red, anterior black spot, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of white scales, black setose. + + +Leg +: light orangish brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa light orangish brown to brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose; pro femur dorsally dark brown, ventrally orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa light orangish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose; mes femur dorsally dark brown, ventrally orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa light orangish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur dorsally dark brown, ventrally orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: +8.2–8.9 mm +, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: minimal spots of infuscation in r 2 ++ 3 +, br, and bm, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, predominantly black anteriorly and red posteriorly; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 reddish yellow to light brown, light yellowish-brown to light whitish-brown setose, with scales; T 2 – T 7 predominantly reddish-orange, thin black setose, brown to light yellowish-brown and white scales, white scales on spots on posterior margins of T 2, rarely T 3, and T 4, single spot medially on T 2; S 1–8 predominantly light reddish-orange, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin many black setae extending away from abdomen, male T 8 white scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: Male terminalia drawings in +Hesse (1956 +, p 39): +https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40844174 +. + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Bowesdorp Namaqualand +; + +30 ° 09 ' 03 " S +, +017 ° 55 ' 55 " E + +; + +Nov. 1931 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002173, + +SAMC + +. + + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Klip Vlei +, +Garies Namaqualand +; + +30 ° 25 ' 00 " S +, +017 ° 54 ' 00 " E + +; + +Nov. 1931 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002174, + +SAMC + + +. + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Pakhuis Paas +, east of; + +32 ° 07 ' 40 " S +, +019 ° 02 ' 31 " E + +; + +Sep. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002175, + +SAMC + + +. + + + + +Other material. + + + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Bowesdorp Namaqualand +; + +30 ° 09 ' 03 " S +, +017 ° 55 ' 55 " E + +; + +Nov. 1931 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002173, + +SAMC + + +. + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +and +Western Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +9 +). This species is known from +4 specimens +, collected in three collecting events spread between 1952–2002. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo and the +Cape +Floristic Region biodiversity hotspots. Adult flies are active from September - November (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A6/69/00/A66900FAAD9A57698F0E3D7E57629120.xml b/data/A6/69/00/A66900FAAD9A57698F0E3D7E57629120.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..afb4b6a13a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A6/69/00/A66900FAAD9A57698F0E3D7E57629120.xml @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica henicoides +( +Hesse, 1956 +) + +comb. nov. + + + + +Fig. 8 + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: + +https://zoobank.org/ +3BE08163-D9C1-4B57-B5E6-9B0B0ECC9313 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the dorsal occiput with whitish yellow setae and small ovoid black spots in females. In males it is distinguished by the combination of a dorsal occiput without markings and a dark brown setose haltere stem. + + + + + + +Enica henicoides + +♀ SAM-DIP-A 002170 ( +A – C +) +A +habitus, dorsal view +B +habitus, lateral view +C +habitus, frontal view; + +Enica imitata +♀ +NMSA + +- DIP- 90027 ( +D – F +) +D +habitus, frontal view +E +habitus, dorsal view +F +habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm. + + + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, without dark spot, males: similar to head, slightly darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, males no setation near eyes, females setose near eyes only dorsally, past half – way point setose only medially; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput whitish – yellow setose, brown setose on occiput spots, white scales antero-dorsally, females: antero-dorsally with dark brown to black spots, usually oval males: antero-dorsally without markings; gena creamy white, extremely sparsely setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, black, light yellowish-brown setose. + + +Antenna +: dark brown; scape creamy white, approximately as long as pedicel, black setose dorsally and ventrally, setae extending to tip of pedicel; pedicel creamy white, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel dark brown, tapering distally, longer than scape and pedicel combined, sparsely white scales and dark setose dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: light orangish brown; scutum predominantly black, reddish on margins, light to dark brown scales, two submedial longitudinal stripes with lighter scales; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, dull white scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; white scales, white and black setose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; scutellum red, anterior black spot, apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of yellowish-white scales. + + +Leg +: light orangish brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa light orangish brown, silvery grey pubescence, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose; pro femur light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa light orangish brown, white pubescence, white scales, thick black setose; mes femur light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa light orangish brown, white pubescent, white scales, thin white setose, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur light orangish brown, white scales ventrally, brown scales dorsally, few short black setae; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: 8.9–9.0 mm, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: as females but less darkly infuscated, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, predominantly black anteriorly and red posteriorly; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 predominantly reddish-orange, some black or reddish yellow to light brown, light yellowish-brown to light whitish-brown setose, with scales; T 2 – T 7 predominantly reddish-orange, thin black setose, brown to light yellowish-brown scales, lighter scales on posterior margins of some tergites; S 1–8 predominantly light reddish-orange, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin black setae remaining close to abdomen, male T 8 white scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: Male terminalia drawings in +Hesse (1956 +, p 41): +https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40844180 +. + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Ceres +; + +33 ° 22 ' 11.6 " S +, +19 ° 18 ' 42.7 " E + +; + +Nov. 1920 + +; +Turner, R. E. +leg.; +NHMUK 015136073 +, + +NHMUK + +. + + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♀ +Nieuwoudtville +; + +31 ° 23 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +Nov. 1931 + +; +Cockerell, D. A. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002171, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Nieuwoudtville +; + +31 ° 23 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 06 ' 00 " E + +; + +18-22 Nov. 1931 + +; +Mackie, A. +leg.; +NHMUK 015136071 +, + +NHMUK + + +. + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♀ +Bulhoek +(= Bulshoek), Klaver - Clanw. (= Klawer - Clanwilliam); + +32 ° 02 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 49 ' 28 " E + +; + +Oct. 1950 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002170, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Bulhoek +(= Bulshoek), Klaver - Clanw. (= Klawer - Clanwilliam); + +32 ° 02 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 49 ' 28 " E + +; + +Oct. 1950 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002170, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Franschhoek +(= French Hoek), +40 mi +from +Cape +Town +; + +33 ° 54 ' 24.4 " S +, +19 ° 07 ' 19.0 " E + +; + +11 Dec. 1930 + +; +Simmons, H. W. +leg.; +NHMUK 015136072 +, + +NHMUK + + +. + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +and +Western Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +9 +). This species is only known from +6 specimens +, collected in 4 collecting events spread between 1920–1950. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo biodiversity hotspots. Adult flies are active from October – December (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + + + +Map of southern Africa with elevational relief and biodiversity hotspots (sensu Conservation International in grey) and distribution of + +E. longirostris + +, + +E. henicoides + +and + +E. sporanthera + +specimens studied. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/BB/E4/78/BBE478042F23567196C8BC6D11FFE30A.xml b/data/BB/E4/78/BBE478042F23567196C8BC6D11FFE30A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2a3ec152604 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/BB/E4/78/BBE478042F23567196C8BC6D11FFE30A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,513 @@ + + + +Revision of the Chinese endemic genus Megadrypta Sciaky & Anichtchenko, 2020 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Dryptini), with description of a new species + + + +Author + +Chen, Jia-Heng +0000-0003-2449-8838 +College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China + + + +Author + +Shi, Hong-Liang +0000-0002-9989-5830 +College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China + + + +Author + +Liang, Hong-Bin +0000-0002-9668-1167 +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +1226 + + +183 +193 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1226.142678 +0B9EFAA1-3377-42F0-B43A-B77F439F88FE + + + + + +Megadrypta maozhoui + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 2 A +, +3 +, +5 +, +6 A +, +7 Chinese vernacular name: 茂洲巨逮步甲 + + + + +Type materials. + + + + + +Holotype + +: +China + +• male, labeled “ +Sichuan +, +Qionglai +, +Mt. Tiantaishan +, +Sandaowan +, + +1246 m + +, + +2024. V. 1-5 + +, + +N 30.2674 +E 103.1199 + +, Maozhou XU & +Tianxuan GU +leg. ”; “ +HOLOTYPE + +Megadrypta maozhoui + +sp. nov. +, det. +Chen +& Shi. 2024 ” [red label]; + +IZAS + + +. + + + +Paratypes + +: +China + + +• + +2 male +and +1 female +, labeled “ +Sichuan +, +Qionglai +, +Mt. Tiantaishan +, +Sandaowan +, + +1246 m + +, + +2024. V. 30 + +, + +N 30.2674 +E 103.1199 + +, +Maozhou XU +leg. ”; + +CCJH + +. + +China + + +• + +1 female +, labeled “ +Yunnan +, +Zhaotong +, +Yiliang County +, +Luowang Township +, +Aiziping +, + +N 27.8809 +E 104.6809 + +, + +1311 m + +, + +2024.9. 9 + +, Anxian SHI leg. ”; + +CAU + +. + +China + + +• + +1 female +, labeled “ +Sichuan +, +Ya’an +, +Mt. Zhougongshan +, 2018.7, Yong WANG leg. ” [alcohol immersion]; + +IZAS + + +. + + + + + + +Habitus of + +Megadrypta +spp. +A + +holotype of + +M. maozhoui + +sp. nov. +B +female of + +M. mirabilis + +from Hunan. Scale bar: 5.0 mm. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Dorsal surface dark with distinct bluish metallic luster, mouth parts, antennae and all parts of legs reddish brown. Mentum with anterior margin concave and shallowly emarginate at middle. Pronotum with lateral margins gradually sinuate twice, behind anterior angles and before posterior angles. Elytra with 7–8 parascutellar pores, significantly narrowed base and discontinuous striae, interrupted by coarse foveae (of similar size as interval width) (Fig. +3 C +). Apical lamella of median lobe of aedeagus short ( +ALL +/ +ALW +0.55–0.61), obtuse and rounded (Fig. +5 B, C +); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view stout, gradually attenuate to apex, ventral margin very faintly curved before apical lamella (Fig. +5 A, D +); endophallus with a distinct central sclerite (Fig. +5 C, D +). + + + + + + +Holotype of + +Megadrypta maozhoui + +sp. nov. +A +head in dorsal view +B +pronotum +C +basal elytra +D +abdomen. Scale bars: 1.0 mm ( +A – C +); 2.0 mm ( +D +). + + + + + +Comparisons. + + + +Megadrypta maozhoui + +sp. nov. +can be easily distinguished from the +type +species of the genus by the combination of following characters: (1) dorsum with distinct bluish metallic luster (versus dark without or with very faint metallic luster in + +M. mirabilis + +); (2) legs entirely reddish brown, always much paler than that of the latter species; (3) mentum with anterior margin concaved and shallowly emarginate at middle (versus straight and without emargination in + +M. mirabilis + +); (4) pronotum narrower +PL +/ +PW +1.76–1.88 (versus +PL +/ +PW +1.62–1.68 in + +M. mirabilis + +); (5) elytra more elongated, +EL +/ +EW +1.56–1.68 (versus +EL +/ +EW +1.44–1.50 in + +M. mirabilis + +); (6) elytral striae discontinuous, interrupted by coarse foveae (versus striae entire with normal punctures in + +M. mirabilis + +); (7) median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view gradually attenuate to apex, ventral margin nearly straight before apex (versus median lobe evenly thickened before apical third and then abruptly narrowed, ventral margin distinctly curved before apex in + +M. mirabilis + +); (8) apical lamella of aedeagus with apex obtuse and rounded in dorsal view (versus a little narrower in the latter species); (9) central sclerite of endophallus more distinctly sclerotized with clear border in ventral view (versus less sclerotized with ambiguous border in the latter species). + + + + +Description. + + +BL +13.6–15.5 mm +( +13.8 mm +in +holotype +); dorsal and ventral surface with distinct bluish metallic luster; palpi, antennae and all parts of legs reddish brown, mandibles dark brown. +Head +(Fig. +3 A +): mandibles long, about five times as long as labrum, hooked at apex; labrum trilobate, medial lobe slightly extended anteriorly, anterolateral angles rounded-obtuse, sparsely pubescent near anterior margin; clypeus impunctate and pubescent; vertex densely and coarsely punctate; temporae slightly shorter than eyes, well tumid behind eyes, superficially pubescent and punctate; antennae long, a little exceeding midpoint of elytra. +Pronotum +(Fig. +3 B +) cylindrical ( +PL +/ +PW +1.76–1.88), disc pubescent and coarsely punctate; anterior angles obtuse; lateral margins distinctly doubly sinuate behind anterior angles and before posterior angles; lateral margins entirely beaded; posterior angles nearly rectangular, apex rounded; median line shallow but distinct; sides of pronotum flattened from above and a little laterally extended near middle, median region elevated. +Elytra +(Fig. +3 C +) wide ( +EL +/ +EW +1.56–1.68), widest on apical third; with 7–8 parascutellar pores; base strongly narrowed; intervals slightly convex and evenly pubescent; striae discontinuous, interrupted by coarse foveae, the foveae much wider than parascutellar pores, in similar size of interval width; posterior margins truncated, slightly sinuate near outer-apical angles; outer-apical angles obtuse, sutural angles acute angled. +Male genitalia +(Fig. +5 +): median lobe of aedeagus relatively stout, gradually attenuate to apex; in lateral view, median lobe widest near base, ventral margin very weakly curved before apical lamella (Fig. +5 A – D +), apical lamella slightly thickened apically; median lobe in dorsal view (Fig. +4 B, C +), with short ( +ALL +/ +ALW +0.55–0.61), obtuse and rounded apical lamella; endophallus with a distinct central sclerite, the central sclerite axe-shaped, with well-defined border in ventral view. + + + + + + +Median lobe of aedeagus, + +Megadrypta mirabilis + +. +A +right lateral view +B +ventral view +C +dorsal view +D +left lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. + + + + + + + +Median lobe of aedeagus, a paratype of + +Megadrypta maozhoui + +sp. nov. +from Tiantaishan, Sichuan +A +right lateral view +B +ventral view +C +dorsal view +D +left lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. + + + + + + + +Mentum of + +Megadrypta +spp. +A + + +M. maozhoui + +sp. nov. +B + +M. mirabilis + +. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. + + + + + + + +Collecton site and habitus of + +M. maozhoui + +sp. nov. +A +Collection site on Mount Tiantaishan, Sichuan ( +B +and +C +photographed in area of the red circle, +D +photographed in area of yellow circle) +B – D +habitus (photographed by Mao-Zhou Xu) +E +habitus, from Mount Zhougongshan (photographed by Yong Wang). + + + + + +Etymology. + + +This species is named after Mr Mao-Zhou Xu, who collected and donated most of the +type +specimens. + + + + +Distribution. + + +This species is known from three localities in two provinces of southwestern +China +: Mount Tiantaishan and Mount Zhougongshan of central +Sichuan +, and Luowang Township of northeastern +Yunnan +. + + + + +Habitat. + + +(Fig. +7 +) All specimens were collected on low vegetation under latifoliate forest at night. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E5/96/F4/E596F489F95457B7BC3DD5E91CE47B2D.xml b/data/E5/96/F4/E596F489F95457B7BC3DD5E91CE47B2D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4dadc26b624 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E5/96/F4/E596F489F95457B7BC3DD5E91CE47B2D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ + + + +Two new species in the green lacewing genus Santocellus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Leucochrysini) + + + +Author + +Tauber, Catherine A. +0000-0003-1310-8996 +Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 and Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +1226 + + +195 +215 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1226.140386 +A7206C6D-7DE6-4B07-83BE-4FDD610660BE + + + + + +Santocellus legrandi + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 +, +2 +, +3 a +, +4 +, +5 +, +6 +, +8 a, c, e +, +10 d +, +11 d +, +12 d + + + + +Etymology of name. + +The species carries the surname of Jean Legrand (see Dedication above). Jean had a special love for art (especially painting); it is thus fitting that his name is associated with a beautiful lacewing that has stunning wing markings. The species name is a singular noun in the genitive case following a masculine genus name. + + + + +Type +specimens. + + + + +(sex and figures; verbatim label data [specimen location]) + +Holotype + + +• + +Male +( +Figs +1 +– +5 +). – (1) +Nicaragua +, +Rio San Juan +/ +Bartola +, + +15 m + +, 12–15.10. 09 / +N 10 54 56 +/ +W 84 17 57 +/ +P. Duelli +, +U. & H. Aspoeck +– (2) 11 [ + +CAS + +]. + + +Allotype + + + +• + +Female +( +Fig. +6 +). – (1) +Costa Rica +, +22 km +/ +N. San Ysidro +, / +San Jose Prov. +/ V- 24-85 – (2) J. +T +. Doyen, / +P. A. Opler +/ Collectors [ + +SDMC + +]. + +Paratype + + +• + +Female. +– (1) +Belize +: +Cayo +/ + +Chiquibul Forest +. Las Cuevas + +/ +Nature Trail +/ + + +31 +st +July 2001 + + +/ +G. C. McGavin Coll. +(2) +G. C. McGavin Coll. +/ +Pres. G. C. McGavin +/ OUM- 2002-006 [ + +OUMNH + +]. + +Paratype + + +• + +Male. +– (1) +Honduras +1923 / +Rio Paulaya +: / +Barraneo +, iv- 17 / 303 +T +. +H. Haldell +(2) +Phillip A. Adams +/ Collection / 1998 bequest to / Calif. Acad. Sci. [ + +CAS + +]. + +Paratype + + +• + +Male. +– (1) +Chiriqui +– (2) prob. + +Leucochrysa risi +Esb-Pet + +, det. +P. Adams +’ 80 [ + +NHMUK + +; collection site probably in +Panama +; abdomen in poor condition; pieces of exoskeleton in attached micro-vial] + +. + + + + + + +Head of + +Santocellus legrandi + +, +sp. nov. +Holotype, male, Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Bartola ( +CAS +) +a +frontal +b +head, prothorax, dorsal +c +head, frontolateral +d +ventral. Width across head (dorsal, including eyes), 1.85 mm. + + + + + + + +External features of + +Santocellus legrandi + +, +sp. nov. +Holotype, male, Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Bartola ( +CAS +) +a +head, thorax, dorsal +b +body, lateral +c +abdomen, dorsal +d +terminus, lateral +e +protarsal claw, lateral. Width across head (including eyes), 1.85 mm; diameter of callus cerci, ~ 0.2 mm. + + + + + + + +Wings of two new + +Santocellus +species + +a + +S. legrandi + +sp. nov. +, holotype, male, Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Bartola ( +CAS +); forewing length, 18.7 mm +b + +S. helene + +, +sp. nov. +, holotype, male, Bolivia, Cochabamba ( +CAS +); forewing length, 19.4 mm. Arrows highlight interspecific differences in markings. + + + + + + + +Male abdomen of + +Santocellus legrandi + +, +sp. nov. +, holotype, Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Bartola ( +CAS +) +a +dorsum of abdominal segments A 2 - terminus +b +lateral view of abdominal segments A 6 - terminus +c +dorsum of abdominal segments A 7 to terminus with gonarcus everted +d +lateral view of abdominal terminus. Length of T 8 along dorsal margin, 0.68 mm. Abbreviations: c. c. callus cerci; d. ap. dorsal apodeme of T 9 + ectoproct; gcr field of gonocristae on terminal membrane of S 9; gs gonarcus; S 8 + 9 fused eighth and ninth sternites; T 3, T 7, T 8 third, seventh, and eighth tergites; T 9 + e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct; v. ap. ventral apodeme of S 8 + 9. + + + + + + + +Male genitalia of + +Santocellus legrandi + +sp. nov. +, holotype, Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Bartola ( +CAS +) +a +gonarcal complex, dorsal +b +same, lateral +c +same, frontal +d +same, posteroventral. Abbreviations: gcr, field of gonocristae on terminal membrane of ninth sternite; gsac gonosaccus; gst gonosetae; g. ap. gonarcal apodeme; mu-d mediuncus, dorsal view; mu-f mediuncus. + + + + + + + +Cleared abdominal terminus of female + +Santocellus legrandi + +sp. nov. +, allotype, Costa Rica, San José ( +SDMC +) +a +segments A 7 to terminus, lateral +b +genitalia, lateral +c +subgenitale, distal view +d +spermathecal complex below bursa copulatrix, lateral view. Abbreviations: b. c. bursa copulatrix; c. c. callus cerci; g. l. gonapophysis lateralis; k-sg distal knob of subgenitale; sg-b base of subgenitale; sp spermatheca; sp. d. spermathecal duct; sp. i. spermathecal invagination; S 7 seventh sternite; T 8 eighth tergite; vel, spermathecal velum. + + + + + +Description. + + +Adult. +Medium-sized. +Head +(Fig. +1 +): Dorsum, including eyes 1.70 (F) – 1.85 (M) mm wide; ratio of head width to eye width = 1.71 (M) – 1.86 (F): 1; sutures not visible. Vertex raised, with small posterior fold. Antenna long ( +28 mm +, +n += 1), ~ 1.5 times length of forewing; scape large, with approximately equal length and width; length of flagellomeres (beyond # 5) ~ 1.6–1.8 times width, with setae in four rings; labrum emarginate. Torulus relatively large, extending slightly below mid-eye level. Frons with short to moderate length, pale setae, lower margin scalloped upward above clypeus (below toruli). Tentorial pits distinct, round, raised. Gena +0.24 mm +long; ratio of genal length to distance between tentorial pits = 0.43: 1. Clypeus quadrate, except dorsal margin broadly curved upward below frons, distal margin relatively straight, pale mesally, dorsal surface rounded, slightly raised mesally, with sparse, short to medium length amber setae. Labrum tapering anteriorly, with bilobed frontal margin, distinct cleft between lobes moderately deep, lateral margins tapering, long setae basally, shorter setae distally. Labium with submentum slender, rounded ventrally, with rounded, slightly bulbous tip. +Coloration +: Markings on vertex, frons dark brown to black with tinge of deep red; broad, scalloped stripe across frons; vertex with large pentagonal mark, cream area within; clypeus with slender stripe across midsection, not reaching margins; labrum with dark reddish brown tinge mesally. Antenna with scapes pale frontally, dark brown dorsally, frontolaterally; pedicel cream with tinge of red distally; basal three flagellomeres dark brown to black frontally, medially; remaining flagellomeres pale. Maxilla with distal three palpomeres dark brown to black, basal two palpomeres pale with black markings laterally. Labium pale, with distal two palpomeres black, basal one pale. + + +Thorax +(Fig. +2 a +): Prothorax wider than long: +0.86–0.93 mm +long, +1.11–1.27 mm +wide, ratio of length to width = 0.69: 0.78; setae scattered, long to medium length, thin, golden. Legs robust, of moderate length, with dense, short, golden setae; tarsal claws without basal dilation, but with two prongs. +Coloration +: Pronotum cream mesally, dark brown laterally; anterior brown section broadly quadrate, extending about halfway across dorsal surface, with central section bearing cream spot; posterior section cream mesally, with brown stripe laterally. Mesonotum dark brown laterally, with patches of cream mesally on prescutum, scutum. Scutellum with large cream spot. Metanotum entirely dark brown dorsally. Thoracic pleuron, venter pale to light tan. Legs pale, mostly unmarked, with short to medium length, golden setae, few long, pale setae; terminal segment (base of tarsal claws) smooth, shiny, black dorsally, with pair of small (indistinct) swellings, two pairs of moderately long setae at tip (Fig. +7 e +). Tarsal claw moderately long, narrow distally, with single small spur; base slightly enlarged, without distinct dilation. + + + + + + +Head and thoracic region of + +Santocellus helene + +sp. nov. +, holotype, male, Bolivia, Cochabamba, Alto Palmar ( +CAS +) +a +upper body (head, thorax) dorsal +b +head, prothorax, lateral +c +head, frontal +d +head, ventral +e +tarsus (dorsum) and tarsal claw (lateral). Width across head (including eyes) 1.82 mm. + + + +Wings +(Fig. +3 a +): Measurements: male left wing ( +n += 1–2); female, right wing ( +n += 1). Forewing: +17.3–18.7 mm +long, +6.2–6.9 mm +wide (maximum). Costal area moderately tall; tallest costal cell (# 9, 10) +1.5–1.7 mm +tall, 0.23–0.24 times maximum height of wing. First intramedian cell triangular, elongate, +1.5–1.6 mm +wide, ~ 0.7–0.8 times width of third median cell. Origin of first radial crossvein ~ +0.5 mm +distal to origin of Rs; radial area (between +R +and Rs) with single row of 13 or 14 closed cells; tallest radial cell +1.1–1.3 mm +, 0.77–0.80 times taller than tallest costal crossvein. Three b cells, each full sized, slightly longer than tall; first b cell heavily marked on all sides. Two series of gradates; 8–10 inner gradates, 7 or 8 outer gradates; size of cells bounded by gradates fairly uniform, lengthening then shortening distally. Four to 5 b’ cells; last b’ cell wider than tall. Three intracubital cells, distal one open; first cubital crossvein located slightly basal to first mediocubital crossvein; icu 1, icu 2 each shorter than icu 3; icu 1 + icu 2 considerably longer than icu 3. Vein 1 A forked. Terminal margin with approximately 5 simple veinlets, 13 forked veinlets. Hindwing: 16.7–17.0. mm long, 5.0– +5.1 mm +wide. Eleven to 14 radial cells (counted from origin of +R +, not false origin); t cell absent. Two series of gradates; 5–9 inner gradates, 7 outer gradates. Two to 4 b cells; 4 or 5 b’ cells beyond im 2. Terminal margin with 7 or 8 simple basal veinlets, 9–11 forked basal veinlets. +Coloration +: Wing surface hyaline, with bold, dark brown markings. Forewing: Stigma with moderately large, dark brown spot basally, second, smaller dark brown spot distally; veins pale except when surrounded by dark marks: e. g., distal part of +R +and Rs dark brown with surrounding area dark brown; slightly elongate dark brown mark at tip of wing; two dark spots in approximate center of wing; scattered dark brown marks along basal 2 / 3 of lower edge of wing; veins dark when within dark spots. Hindwing: stigma with one large dark brown mark; base of RP, basal b cell dark, within dark brown mark; distal section of cu (upper fork) dark; posterior margin of wing with dark brown section, including suffusion at intersections with marginal veinlets. + + +Male abdomen +(Figs +4 +, +5 +). Segments 1–3 not particularly long or slender; distal segments only slightly larger than basal segments (male and female). Tergites shallow, with slightly rounded margins; each tergite with distinctive brown marking having white center spot. Tergites, sclerites, pleural region with numerous, short to medium length setae, microsetae. Abdominal sternites moderately tall (S 6: ratio of length to width = 1.3: 1), with dorsal margins straight, slanting, spiracles not enlarged, without microtholi; S 9 with slightly long, robust setae distally, without microtholi. Callus cerci almost round (0.23– +0.19 mm +diameter), with 33–35 long trichobothria; cupuliform bases of variable size [those within central section larger (~ +0.026 mm +) than those on periphery (~ +0.014 mm +)]. Dorsum of +T +9 + ectoproct rounded distally, fused mesally, with very small to no cleft; no midline suture visible; with long setae, densest along distal margin; dorsal apodeme simple, straight, short, extending around proximal side of callus cerci. S 8 + 9 fused without suture, tapering to acute apex (lateral view); S 9 slightly darker than S 8; ventral apodeme extending across dorsal surface of S 8 + 9; distal margin of S 8 + 9 spatulate, with terminal membrane prominent; membrane bearing moderately heavy gonocristae in two broad (somewhat irregular) lateral patches, single, small mesal patch of several (~ 3) gonocristae. +Coloration +: Dorsum of each segment pale with large black central mark; marks on +T +2 – +T +8 with prominent white spot in center of black area; mark on +T +1 without white spot; venter, pleuron white to cream. Setae golden, long; dorsal half of callus cerci light cream colored; ventral half black. + + + +Male genitalia +. + +Tignum, gonapsis, parameres, quadrate hood, pseudopenis, spinellae absent; S 8 + 9 fused, elongate, not extending beyond +T +9 + ectoproct. Gonarcus broad, with very small gonocornua on frontolateral margin of gonarcal bridge, with relatively large, rounded gonarcal arms expanded forward slightly; mediuncus in two sections; basal section extending from below gonarcal bridge, with pair of internal apodemes dorsomesally, with dorsal surface membranous, broad basally, tapering distally; distal section of mediuncus extending perpendicularly from tip of basal section, distally with flange-like lateral arms partially surrounding mesal beak; gonosaccus beneath mediuncus, stiff, flat, laterally with a few gonosetae on chalazae. + + +Female abdomen +(Fig. +6 +; +n += 2, both slightly teneral). Callus cerci round, +0.14 mm +in diameter, with 36–37 trichobothria of variable length; cupuliform bases also of variable diameter ( + +0.010 +–0.029 +mm + +). Dorsum of +T +9 + ectoproct rounded posteriorly, tall (lateral view), extending approximately to lateral margin of gonapophysis lateralis. Sternite 7 with dorsal margin relatively straight; distal margin blunt, not particularly heavy, with setae mostly missing. Gonapophyses laterales slender, occupying approximately half of abdominal posterior margin; interior membranous area not greatly expanded or inflatable. +T +9 + ectoproct truncate posteriorly, extending slightly below gonapophyses laterales (lateral view). Gonapophyses laterales occupying ~ 60–70 % of posterior margin of abdomen. + + + +Female genitalia +. + +Entire genital structure compact; spermathecal complex, bursal duct, base of subgenitale all contained below bursa copulatrix. Subgenitale broadly based, with distinct quadrate knob distally; distal section of knob bilobed, with broad, flat trough between lobes; lower frontal region of subgenitale with elongate, downward-projecting, snout-like protuberance (knob). Spermatheca round, doughnut shaped, with broad invagination, distal end with relatively large tapering, sclerotized, coiled and curved tubule (velum), with slit along most or full length, apparently opening to bursa; velum ~ +0.9 mm +long, ~ +0.14 mm +wide at widest point, +0.04 mm +wide near middle. Spermatheca doughnut shaped, +0.38 mm +in diameter, +0.16 mm +deep, with invagination in center, +0.19 mm +in diameter, +0.11 mm +deep. Spermathecal duct very faint. Bursa copulatrix folded, pleated, small, barely covering dorsum of spermatheca, with distal end tapered, attached directly to sclerotized spermathecal velum, without bursal duct; bursal glands not found. Colleterial complex, transverse sclerite not discerned. + + + + +Variation. + +Unknown. + + + +Known distribution. + + +Central America. +Belize +( +Cayo +), +Costa Rica +( +San Jose +), +Honduras +(Colón, prob.), +Nicaragua +( +Rio San Juan +), +Panama +( +Chiriquí +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FD/3D/8A/FD3D8AE9EE005C6FAD8B7889F23A0E3C.xml b/data/FD/3D/8A/FD3D8AE9EE005C6FAD8B7889F23A0E3C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..244a68ca702 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FD/3D/8A/FD3D8AE9EE005C6FAD8B7889F23A0E3C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,776 @@ + + + +Species discovery in Southern African bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae): A new species in the revised genus Enica Macquart, 1834 + + + +Author + +Rollinson, Lisa +https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0152-7073 +Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA + + + +Author + +Cabrero, Allan +0000-0002-2935-3534 +National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA + +text + + +African Invertebrates + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +66 + + +1 + + +73 +115 + + + +journal article +10.3897/afrinvertebr.66.129611 +9A70A477-D862-40E5-A132-3227D96C3ECC + + + + + +Enica syrticola +( +Hesse, 1956 +) + +comb. nov. + + + + +Fig. 11 + + + + +Taxon depository. + + +ZooBank: + +https://zoobank.org/ +5BF9C251-F8F2-45D7-9665-DFF5AD9387D2 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +The species is distinguished from other species in the genus by the dark brown to black postcranium, which covers the dorsal and posterior surface of the head. + + + +Description. + + +Head +: wider than high, creamy white; males holoptic, females dichoptic, vertex and compound eyes at same level; frons (at level of antennal insertion) more or less parallel-sided, female: light brown to reddish-orange, darker than head, with dark brown to black triangular spot extending to eyes, males: reddish-orange, much darker than head; frons black setose, with white scales, males no setation near eyes, females setose near eyes only dorsally; ocellar tubercle slightly raised, dark reddish-brown to black, black macrosetose, white or light brown scales posteriorly; occiput light and dark brown setose, white scales antero-dorsally, entire back of occiput dark brown to black; gena significantly darkened to reddish brown or black, extremely sparsely setose. + + +Proboscis and maxillary palpus +: proboscis straight, black; labella only forming distal tip of proboscis, apically rounded, minute black setose; maxillary palpus not extending beyond oral cavity, brown, brown setose. + + +Antenna +: black; scape creamy white or reddish brown, approximately as long as pedicel, black setose dorsally and ventrally, setae extending to tip of pedicel; pedicel black, short black setose dorsally; postpedicel black, cylindrical (same diameter throughout), longer than scape and pedicel combined, black scales dorsally; stylus reduced, only apical ‘ seta-like’ sensory element present, situated sub – apically in cavity on postpedicel. + + +Thorax +: reddish brown and light orangish brown; scutum predominantly black, reddish on margins, dark scales centrally and white scales peripherally; setation: acr setae present, black, dc setae present, black; prosternum silvery grey pubescence; proepisternum silvery grey pubescence, long yellowish-white setose, white scales; antepronotum silvery grey pubescence, dull white scales anteriorly; postpronotum silvery grey pubescence, asetose, with medial dark brown to black stripe; postpronotal lobe silvery grey pubescence, long white flattened setose, black macrosetose; pleuron silvery grey pubescence; proepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; anepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales ventrally, black macrosetose dorsally; anepimeron silvery grey pubescence, asetose; katepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; laterotergite silvery grey pubescence, asetose; meron + metepisternum silvery grey pubescence, white scales dorsally; metepimeron silvery grey pubescence, white setose dorsally; apubescent, ds sctl setae black macrosetose, ap sctl setae comprised of light brown and white scales, black setose. + + +Leg +: light orangish brown to dark brown, covered in scales, some regular setae present; pro coxa dark reddish brown, silvery grey pubescence, dull whitish – yellow scales, thick black setose; pro femur dorsally dark brown, ventrally orangish brown, dark brown scales, black setose; pro tibia light brown, raised short and fine dark brown setose ventrally, large black setose dorsally; mes coxa dark reddish brown, white pubescence, dull whitish – yellow scales, thick black setose; mes femur dorsally dark brown, ventrally orangish brown, dark brown scales, black setose; mes tibia light brown, dark brown scales, long black setose, distal tip with long black setae; met coxa dark reddish brown, white pubescent, dull whitish – yellow scales, thick black setose, anteriorly without any protuberance; met trochanter short black setose ventrally, white scales dorsally, without protuberance; met femur dorsally dark brown, ventrally orangish brown, dark brown scales, brown scales dorsally basally, long and thick black setose; met tibia light brown, dark brown scales, large black setose, distal tip with long black macrosetae of varying sizes; proximal pro, mes, and met tarsomeres longer than following 2 tarsomeres combined, proximal met tarsomere as wide as following tarsomeres; pro tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; mes tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; met tarsomere with dark brown scales dorsally, black setose ventrally; claw smoothly arched distally. + + +Wing +: +9.9–11.4 mm +, microtrichia absent; membrane color pattern males: predominantly brown colored except for white tinted base of wing, areas around crossveins r-r, r-m, m-cu, base of cells r 2 ++ 3 +, center of br, proximal part of r +1 +, base of veins M +2 +, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +, females: darkly infuscated except for white tinted base of wing, r-r, r-m, base of r 2 ++ 3 +, base of m +2 +, m-cu, split between M +1 ++ 2 and M +3 +; costal vein dark brown short setose, whitish clear setose proximally; R +2 + 3 +distally distinctly arching anteriorly, r +1 +open; R +4 +terminating anterior to wing apex, distinctly arching anteriorly; cell r +4 +open, proximally R +4 +and R +5 +parallel, R +4 +strongly diverging anteriorly in distal 2 / 3; R +5 +terminating posterior to wing apex; r +5 +open; M +1 +terminating posterior to wing apex; cell d closed by base of M +2 +and m-m, r-m situated in distal ¼; m +3 +open; cua open; alula greatly reduced, nearly straight wing margin; haltere stem dark brown setose. + + +Abdomen +: shape ovate, predominantly black with at most a thin reddish brown area on posterior edge of each tergite; tergites smooth, setae with small sockets only; T 1 predominantly reddish-orange, some black, light yellowish-brown to light whitish-brown setose, scales; T 2 – T 7 predominantly black, thin black setose, brown to light yellowish-brown and white scales, white scales on spots on posterior margins of T 2–5; S 1–8 predominantly light reddish-orange, yellow to white scales, thin black setose and long white setose; lateral margin black setae remaining close to abdomen, male T 8 white scales, black setose. + + +Terminalia +: Male terminalia drawings in +Hesse (1956 +, p 43): +https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40844178 +. + + + + +Material examined. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Lamberts Bay +; + +32 ° 05 ' 24 " S +, +018 ° 18 ' 47 " E + +; + +20 Nov. 1917 + +; +Roberts, A. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 048211, + +NMSA + +. + + + + + + +Paratype + +. + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Augusfontein +(= Augustfontein), +Calvinia +; + +31 ° 37 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 22 ' 00 " E + +; + +Sep. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002179, + +SAMC + + +. + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +. + + + + +Other material. + + + +South Africa +– +Northern Cape +• +1 ♂ +Augusfontein +(= +Augustfontein +), +Calvinia +; + +31 ° 37 ' 00 " S +, +019 ° 22 ' 00 " E + +; + +Sep. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002179, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♀ +Port Nolloth +, +23 km +E; + +29 ° 18 ' 40 " S +, +017 ° 06 ' 32 " E + +; + +185 m +a. s. l. + +; + +16 Sep. 2012 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +leg.; sandy road verge; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 206183, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Alexander Bay +, +30 km +SE, +Richtersveld +; + +28 ° 48 ' 30 " S +, +016 ° 38 ' 00 " E + +; + +50 m +a. s. l. + +; + +31 Aug. 1989 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; costal strandveld, flowers; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 042858, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Richtersveld +, +Grootderm +50 km +NE; + +28 ° 19 ' 00 " S +, +16 ° 55 ' 00 " E + +; + +350 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Sep. 1989 + +; +Londt +, +Jason +, +Stuckenberg +, +Brian +leg.; +Sandy valley +below a rocky hillside; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 042859, + +NMSA + + +• + +3 ♀ +3 ♂ +Wallekraal +; + +30 ° 23 ' 18 " S +, +017 ° 30 ' 32 " E + +; + +Oct. 1950 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002180, + +SAMC + + +. + + + +South Africa +– +Western Cape +• +1 ♀ +5 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Eland’s Bay +, +Leipoldtville +; + +32 ° 18 ' 44 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 29 " E + +; + +Oct. 1947 + +; SAM +Museum Staff +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002177, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Jakkals R +(= +Jakkalsrivier +) +Strandveld +; + +32 ° 05 ' 08 " S +, +018 ° 18 ' 60 " E + +; + +05 Oct. 1967 + +; +Gess, F. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 016204, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Laaiplek +; + +32 ° 47 ' 10 " S +, +018 ° 09 ' 40 " E + +; + +09 Oct. 1977 + +; +Miller, R. M. +leg.; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 89516, + +NMSA + + +• + +1 ♀ +Lamberts Bay +; + +32 ° 05 ' 24 " S +, +018 ° 18 ' 47 " E + +; + +20 Nov. 1917 + +; +Roberts, A. +leg.; SAM-DIP-A 002176, + +SAMC + + +• + +1 ♂ +Rocherpan Nature Reserve +Trail; + +32 ° 35 ' 23 " S +, +018 ° 20 ' 12 " E + +; + +2 m +a. s. l. + +; + +03 Oct. 2019 + +; +Cabrero +, A., +Deschodt +, C. leg.; +Flowering +mesembs on dunes along coast;, +Coll. Cabrero + +• + +1 ♂ +Vanrhynsdorp +, +7 mi. +N; + +31 ° 30 ' 52 " S +, +018 ° 43 ' 09 " E + +; + +122 m +a. s. l. + +; + +10 Sep. 1972 + +; +Irwin, M. E. +leg.; red dunes; + +NMSA + +- DIP- 050202, + +NMSA + + +. + + + + +Distribution, biodiversity hotspots, phenology, and biology. + + +Known from localities in the +Northern Cape +and +Western Cape +of +South Africa +(Fig. +7 +). This species is known from +30 specimens +, collected in 11 collecting events spread between 1917–2019. The species is known to occur in the Succulent Karoo and +Cape +Floristic Region biodiversity hotspots. Adult flies are active from August - November (Table +2 +). Adult flies are presumed pollinators, as other species in the genus have been observed visiting flowers ( +https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64518819 +). Larvae are unknown but presumed parasitoids as other +Bombyliidae +, hosts are unknown ( +Yeates and Greathead 1997 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FE/B6/2E/FEB62E9DC5B9557D8C1ABD9AFEDB2703.xml b/data/FE/B6/2E/FEB62E9DC5B9557D8C1ABD9AFEDB2703.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fd2e675a24f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FE/B6/2E/FEB62E9DC5B9557D8C1ABD9AFEDB2703.xml @@ -0,0 +1,473 @@ + + + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae), a new species from the Daba Mountains of Chongqing, China + + + +Author + +Xiong, Chi +0000-0002-9082-2539 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Fu, Xiao-Ying +https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1090-877X +College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Tan, Ke +0000-0002-9036-163X +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Huang, Ya +0000-0003-3939-4046 +Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404120, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Hong-Jing +0000-0003-0025-9269 +Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404120, China + + + +Author + +Wang, Yi-Chen +0000-0001-9541-975X +Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou, 310013, China + + + +Author + +Yang, Yu-Bing +0000-0002-2742-6701 +Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China + + + +Author + +Yi, Si-Rong +0000-0002-3883-6175 +Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404120, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2025 + +2025-02-07 + + +252 + + +25 +40 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.252.133501 + + + + + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius +C. Xiong, X. Y. Fu & S. R. Yi + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 +, +4 + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius + +is most similar to + +G. balangshanensis + +., but differs by the longer stem (3–5 vs. +1.5–3.5 cm +), obovate leaves (vs. nearly elliptic), and smaller sepals (ca. 5.0 × 3.0–4.0 vs. 5.6–6.4 × +4.8–5.2 mm +) and hypochile (4.0–4.5 × 4.0–4.2 vs. 6.0–8.0 × +5.8–7.5 mm +). + + + + + + + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius +C. Xiong, X. Y. Fu & S. R. Yi + +, +sp. nov. +in vivo +. +A +flowering plant +B +inflorescence +C +leaves (C 1 – C 3: front view, C 4: back view, C 5: close-up of leaf apex) +D +flower (front view) +E +flower (back view) +F +dissected flower (F 1: dorsal sepal; F 2: lateral sepals; F 3: petals; F 4: labellum) +G +flower (side view) +H +flower (top view) +I +pollinarium. + + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +China +• +Chongqing +: +Chengkou County +(城口县), +Dong’an Town +(东安镇), +Lizishuping +(栗子树坪), + +31 ° 42 ′ N +, +109 ° 11 ′ E + +, alt. ca. + +1650 m + +, + +30 March 2024 + +, +Si-Rong Yi et al. YSR 2703 +( +holotype +IBK +!, +isotype +CGMC +!) + +. + + + + + + + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius +C. Xiong, X. Y. Fu & S. R. Yi + +, +sp. nov. +, an overview +A +habit +B +stem apex +C +leaves (C 1: front view, C 2: back view, C 3: side view) +D +flower (side view) +E +flower (front view) +F +flower (back view) +G +dissected flower (G 1: dorsal sepal; G 2: lateral sepals; G 3: petals; G 4: labellum) +H +pollinarium and anther cap. + + + + + +Description. + + +Epiphytic herbs +, monopodial, pendent, with a short stem, 3.0–5.0 cm long, leafy. +Roots +vermiform, slender, 4.0–6.0 cm long and ca. +1 mm +in diameter. +Stems +short, branched, green, glabrous, up to +5 cm +long and ca. 2.0 mm in diameter, covered with sheathing leaf bases; sheaths with purplish-red spots; internodes +1.2–1.8 mm +long. +Leaves +alternate, distichous, obovate, fleshy, 1.4–1.6 × +0.6–0.8 cm +, margin entire, apex acute, obscurely serrate; young leaves yellow-green with a few purplish-red spots, mature leaves green with hardly any purplish-red spots. +Inflorescences +1–2 racemes, usually arising from the axil of an upper leaf, 2.0– +2.5 cm +long, 1–2 - flowered; peduncle +0.8–1.2 cm +long; bracts 1.0–2.0 mm long. +Flowers +1.2–1.4 × 1.0– +1.2 cm +, yellow-green, with dark purple stripes on petals and sepals, raised abaxially along the midrib; pedicel and ovary yellowish-green with purple-red spots, +1.5–1.6 cm +long. +Dorsal sepal +elliptic, concave, ca. 5.0 × 4.0 mm, apex obtuse; +lateral sepals +similar to dorsal sepal, slightly oblique, ca. 5.0 × 3.0 mm, apex obtuse; petals oblong, concave, ca. 6.0 × 3.0 mm, apex obtuse. +Labellum +epichile reniform, yellow-green with purplish-red spots, 1.0–1.2 × +0.6–0.8 cm +, revolute, margin erose, smooth and glabrous above, median patch, thickened, with 2 low ridges, dark purple; hypochile sub-hemispherical, yellow-green, mouth with lateral purplish-red markings, sac with purplish-red spots on the underside, obtuse at the apex, 4.0– +4.5 mm +tall, 4.0– +4.2 mm +in diameter, dorsally compressed, slightly bent outward. +Column +stout, ca. 2.0 × +1.2 mm +; rostellum bilobed; anther cap galeate with curved emarginate beak, ca. 1.0 × +1.2 mm +; pollinia 2, ca. 0.8 × +0.6 mm +, yellow, nearly spherical, entire, with a depression in the center; stipe elongate, ca. +1.2 mm +long, viscidium yellow, elliptic, ca. 0.8 × +0.4 mm +. +Capsule +not seen. + + + + +Phenology. + +Flowering from March to April. + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet + +‘ +obovatifolius + +’ refers to the highly distinctive obovate leaves. The suggested Chinese common name is “ dào luǎn yè pén jù lán (倒卵叶盆距兰) ”. + + + + +Distribution and ecology. + + +The new species has only been recorded in Chengkou County, northeast +Chongqing +Municipality, bordering +Shaanxi Province +, +China +(Fig. +6 +). It grows as a trunk epiphyte on + +Quercus engleriana +Seemen + +, in evergreen broad-leaved forest at an elevation of +1620–1650 m +a. s. l. (Fig. +5 +). Besides + +Q. engleriana + +, the most frequent co-occurring angiosperm species include + +Fargesia spathacea +Franch. + +, + +Hepatica henryi +(Oliv.) Steward + +, + +Pieris japonica +(Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don + +, + +Rhododendron adenopodum +Franch. + +, and + +Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum +Hemsl. + + + + + + + + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius + +, habitat and plants in situ. +A +broad-leaved temperate forest in the Daba Mountains of Chongqing +B +a woodland trail lined with + +Fargesia spathacea + +, + +Quercus engleriana + +, + +Pieris japonica + +, + +Rhododendron adenopodum + +, and + +Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum + +C + +G. obovatifolius + +growing as a trunk epiphyte on + +Q. engleriana + +. + + + + + + + +Distribution map of + +Gastrochilus obovatifolius + +and three related species of +G. sect. Microphylli +in southwestern China and adjoining areas. + + + + + + +Additional specimens examined ( +paratypes +). + + + + +China +• +Chongqing +: +Chengkou County +(城口县), +Dong’an Town +(东安镇), +Dongjiachang +(董家厂), + +31 ° 42 ′ N +, +109 ° 12 ′ E + +, alt. ca. + +1620 m + +, + +8 April 2024 + +, +Si-Rong Yi et al. YSR 2733 +( +IBK +!, +CGMC +!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file