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<mods:title id="1046D1B25DCCE31BE7C8F88C0A22A0B0">Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="AC2C1933-B340-5B6F-9813-44163F88475E" authority="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika melanospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanospira" status="sp. nov.">Sarika melanospira Pholyotha &amp; Panha</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Geographic distribution of Sarika bocourti, S. hainesi, S. inferospira sp. nov., S. melanospira sp. nov. and S. pellosa sp. nov. based on examined specimens herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464414" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 32</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Living snails of group II: Sarika hainesi group. A Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 showing no left shell lobe (yellow arrow) B S. hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 C S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 D S. inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 E S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and F S. pellosa sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7517. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 33E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 38C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Genitalia. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 39C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 B S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7597 C S. inferospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7255 D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and E S. pellosa sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7251. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; Yellow colour indicates lateral teeth with the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 43D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="502FE4606907612FE9953C034760CD8B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7B01597AD795B91DCBAC665444B930EC" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Living snails of group II: Sarika hainesi group. A Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 showing no left shell lobe (yellow arrow) B S. hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 C S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 D S. inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 E S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and F S. pellosa sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7517. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 33E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3E93E67BD118C2D513B3AA3BD2484DCA" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 38C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="703CAEEF9CE93257BBBEEACEE494125D" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Genitalia. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 39C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AB1FF62F3BC791C8F05BC208BF2D51B4" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 B S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7597 C S. inferospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7255 D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and E S. pellosa sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7251. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; Yellow colour indicates lateral teeth with the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 43D</figureCitation>
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="1BFF1C4AA2C7A9AB0C12C39DB7560B54" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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CUMZ 7258 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="478635D136D424D5C9551B6E7C4ABE12" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38C</figureCitation>
, width 28.3 mm, height 13.3 mm).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
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CUMZ 7243 (ten shells and 44 preserved specimens in ethanol; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="839F7BDFF3D88C7E877320DECF9AAFC8" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38D</figureCitation>
, width 26.5 mm, height 11.7 mm) CUMZ 7244 (four shells and two preserved specimens in ethanol), NHMUK 20200286 (two shells), SMF (two shells), ZRC.MOL.017029 (two shells).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="5C9E2F9FD7C8F415DBD9307CE768488B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="3C50660F374622DA807939F354CD1465" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA56FFAC5ECD71364CEFC389D5BFC3C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Wat Tham Suwan Phu Pha, Khao Chamao, Rayong, Thailand,
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.1" value="12.990028">12°59'24.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="648FB6D88DF13FAFC563C414022ACAB8" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.1" value="12.990028">12°59'24.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.8" value="101.658005">101°39'28.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="30DD4257B531C1E434963693F2888C1E" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.8" value="101.658005">101°39'28.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell large, dextral, depressed and pale brown with rounded to weak shouldered body whorl. Animal with blackish body, four mantle lobes and mantle covered by spiral black band below the suture at the body whorl. Genitalia with a large straight epiphallic caecum and triangular prism pilasters on inner penial sculpture.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="392621E0D066C1049BC4608D02161DA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="56905377F496032B55304DA78BDA0D8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3526B3C7975793976CF37158F5EA6EB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell large, dextral, depressed and pale brown with rounded to weak shouldered body whorl. Animal with blackish body, four mantle lobes and mantle covered by spiral black band below the suture at the body whorl. Genitalia with a large straight epiphallic caecum and triangular prism pilasters on inner penial sculpture.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="5792EA390C24E83E75C3FAF1CADB5EC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="9AF8501C6D4229A7D52DF2405A192255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4CECA5C30306A145704DA0ACDDA486FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C071EFC75C57748A07B6ACD52EF1CA44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="87153DC3AD7184BE6E343C2797990D54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shell depressed, large size (shell width up to 29.3 mm, shell height up to 13.3 mm) and thin. Surface smooth and polished; shell colour pale brown. Whorls 6-
<normalizedToken originalValue="6½">61/2</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="270F2B63AA9245382FE576F5EA8F549D" originalValue="6½">61/2</normalizedToken>
, increasing regularly; body whorl large, rounded to weak shouldered. Spire slightly to moderately elevated; suture impressed. Aperture crescent-shaped and obliquely opened. Peristome simple. Columellar margin simple and slightly reflected near umbilicus. Umbilicus narrowly opened (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4A6C41FCD35D7BFED148B7ED67D2504C" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. A holotype CUMZ 7254 and B paratype CUMZ 7255 C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7258 and D paratype CUMZ 7243 E, F S. pellosa sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7249 and F paratype CUMZ 7517." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genital organs</emphasis>
<paragraph id="C17A4FC10BA007E57D8E25D981F02D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="64D48C7F090C02B4E47A5E1AF7670EDC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5381DDD28FC0D40D2C12CB6429096A42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genital organs</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Atrium short. Penis cylindrical with thin penial sheath covering proximal penis. Inner sculpture of penis proximally more than ca. half of penial chamber with very finely longitudinal penial pilasters to nearly smooth surface, and then gradually transformed from small to large rhomboid pilasters with acute angle on top (triangular prism). Epiphallus cylindrical and nearly two times penis length. Epiphallic caecum short, straight, slightly larger than epiphallus and located near middle of epiphallus. Penial retractor muscle thin and attached at tip of epiphallic caecum. Flagellum slender, narrower than epiphallus and approximately as long as penis. Vas deferens thin tube connecting distal epiphallus and free oviduct (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Genitalia. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">39C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="51E6650B2BBDA29A3C8ECB86997399B4" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Genitalia. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">39C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="EB4426F7E6A10823130B3982C5EC4F9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vagina long cylindrical and approximately as long as penis. Dart apparatus large, long cylindrical, and located on atrium at vagina and penis junction. Gametolytic sac enlarged and bulbous; gametolytic duct long cylindrical. Free oviduct cylindrical, nearly as long as vagina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Genitalia. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">39C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="859DD4E11A6AD9F21BBB242EE72F3F91" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Genitalia. A, B Sarika inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">39C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
<paragraph id="A6F88A18A04B3F8F793836D770CE863E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C25EB776A408C22969E8E380833D8DD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="EBD165478A31696D78DBA6676A345F53" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A21364A9555737436F9FF09C49ADA899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Teeth with half row formula: 1-(17-18)-59. Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid; lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid; marginal teeth elongate bicuspid. Teeth shape is similar to that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. resplendens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="resplendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. resplendens</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="173ACFDAB0F73D8AB651A0DA82A18844" lsidName="S. resplendens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="resplendens">
<emphasis id="84EDFBD3C421080F72DCC0ACB4B73EDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. resplendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Marginal teeth starting at approximately row number 17 or 18 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 B S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7597 C S. inferospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7255 D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and E S. pellosa sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7251. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; Yellow colour indicates lateral teeth with the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B953F5DD98BB29F2B4B2351FB2EBE86A" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 B S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7597 C S. inferospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7255 D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and E S. pellosa sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7251. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; Yellow colour indicates lateral teeth with the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External features</emphasis>
<paragraph id="BB60104B0E78F60C26C021D20312DF08" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2678A10A919B098CE5B77D78F13BBD45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="725B739BBC99E4095615908AD5CA1410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External features</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Animal with reticulated skin and blackish body. Mantle with conspicuous blackish spiral band at the body whorl below the suture. Creamy-grey foot sole and blackish caudal horn. Four mantle lobes well developed and blackish. Left shell lobe absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Living snails of group II: Sarika hainesi group. A Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 showing no left shell lobe (yellow arrow) B S. hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 C S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 D S. inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 E S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and F S. pellosa sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7517. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2185303B32F916502A9F4412979CD768" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Living snails of group II: Sarika hainesi group. A Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 showing no left shell lobe (yellow arrow) B S. hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 C S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 D S. inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 E S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and F S. pellosa sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7517. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="D149AA825770DF81D28947200699A99B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="92F5F363E6AA9D900FAA04FABFD4ED6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00EF25C309CB0F480E85556B05E42C6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName lsidName="melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">melanospira</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2DA124C9D7E85E164FB61385C39C3DF4" lsidName="melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis id="1A32CB3EFD06560F24F4DAC4D58412AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">melanospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Greek word
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">melanos</emphasis>
<emphasis id="16BB0A10014215011F755C82E78ED012" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">melanos</emphasis>
meaning black or dark, and the Latin word
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">spira</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A052D4A763B09F0FDD40A25CA18B44A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">spira</emphasis>
meaning coil. It refers to the mantle being covered by a spiral black band at the body whorl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika melanospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika melanospira</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="A3C4D52EC13E4E3FE825250B01C8F940" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="01EAD5CA9771699A17496E5527AB5E21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54507384CBA4D92AE4852EDCE0148A56" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9F8BD88B21F6688AC5F4DA287587CECE" authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika melanospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis id="E3AEA86654FF17BD67816ACA81056614" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika melanospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is only known from the limestone habitats at the type locality (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Geographic distribution of Sarika bocourti, S. hainesi, S. inferospira sp. nov., S. melanospira sp. nov. and S. pellosa sp. nov. based on examined specimens herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464414" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E66ADA5B13D3CBA6804AAEAD7CE6A9C2" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Geographic distribution of Sarika bocourti, S. hainesi, S. inferospira sp. nov., S. melanospira sp. nov. and S. pellosa sp. nov. based on examined specimens herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464414" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coi analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COI analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="6C14B280D29DF66D9CE6AFDE60803807" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coi analysis">
<paragraph id="AFFEAFAC7477D7DF92109E0E8BEDDA65" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COI analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DA986C313F02FE3C41385F3BBB2625D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The ML and BI analyses showed that the individuals of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A78B167ED79A581E50D658DCF70B055D" lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis id="A98E291DE07BD104B7F0B02F7A022928" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (n = 3) formed a monophyletic group with very strong support (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6691F9B8F6509F577AAEAEEC3642D227" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
; BS = 100%, PP = 1). The mean intraspecific genetic distance of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4A1280FA3102F5F8931A5F2542E0CF23" lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
<emphasis id="63F859C2B811DB6219160DA40AAF903A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. was 0.5% (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean intra-specific and inter-specific genetic divergences among species of Sarika from the mitochondrial COI gene sequences estimated by the K 2 P model. Taxa in bold are the new species described herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1">2</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="75050E5949B5635DA0E495A9799CCDF9" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean intra-specific and inter-specific genetic divergences among species of Sarika from the mitochondrial COI gene sequences estimated by the K 2 P model. Taxa in bold are the new species described herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="D1C15ABD651BB299E9BC210C7687AE77" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="AABBA65E1D5D39F5FEB09898BF229D38" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="827A9A7C16B6B98DD9FF880593ABD7A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Among the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika hainesi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika hainesi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="06488D1743CDC831C374E0AFA40D6B3D" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika hainesi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis id="6AC9472371A96166A4CB8973E322C3D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika hainesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, this new species differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hainesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hainesi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EE70D739BE6152D8CC2E80F6B8872808" lsidName="S. hainesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis id="B99404D55A529EDC8D124DC2212EDBD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hainesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="15401311DA425BD4A75EB211EF8595D3" lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
<emphasis id="8EB64BF99E3A57F2852547AC06C19AC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. inferospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inferospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. inferospira</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B04928FB20FADB467A9A0DE8BCEB731" lsidName="S. inferospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inferospira">
<emphasis id="D24B63F3E7E427868FFFC9C5E370372C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. inferospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having a rounded to very weak shouldered body whorl.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika hainesi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika hainesi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="535A45E50BBD195D238EFF45751B2481" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika hainesi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hainesi">
<emphasis id="D604BF0086A743EF19923A3A4BD59132" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika hainesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50362ACC03AEAC202713E59F3ACD5121" lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
<emphasis id="30F40B3B78898CD28534F1FAA7100B9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an obtusely angulated body whorl and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. inferospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inferospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. inferospira</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39F484C14CCC56C6426B0D15FBAA519F" lsidName="S. inferospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inferospira">
<emphasis id="4852EC9B6918E9F4390854D1013FC5B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. inferospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has a shouldered body whorl.
</paragraph>

View file

@ -1,76 +1,76 @@
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<treatment id="AC3606D4CFAB50B7A11B1C57677A76DB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC3606D4CFAB50B7A11B1C57677A76DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC3606D4CFAB50B7A11B1C57677A76DB" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="2D32B8BA82A57984A19206DE8B1AB2BC" LSID="AC3606D4-CFAB-50B7-A11B-1C57677A76DB" authority="(Grunow) Stachura-Suchoples &amp; D. M. Williams, Eur. J. Phycol. 44: 482. 2009." authorityName="(Grunow) Stachura-Suchoples &amp; D. M. Williams, Eur. J. Phycol. 44: 482. 2009." family="Thalassiosiraceae" genus="Conticribra" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conticribra weissflogii" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="weissflogii">Conticribra weissflogii (Grunow) Stachura-Suchoples &amp; D.M. Williams, Eur. J. Phycol. 44: 482. 2009.</taxonomicName>
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@ -85,15 +85,15 @@ Grunow in Van Heurck., 1885.
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<paragraph id="7BBF7B8695BB7FFA80432C351AEB5D0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Synonyms.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="E1C4408042E9E957B985847629FCBDD8" genus="Eupodiscus" lsidName="Eupodiscus weissflogii" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<emphasis id="776F6C937D9E094CE4D9304EC359D7F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Eupodiscus weissflogii</emphasis>
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Grunow, nom. inval.,
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<taxonomicName id="FA448B8345E7F6095C713D312B4F7A40" genus="Eupodiscus" lsidName="Eupodiscus weissflogii" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<emphasis id="A85A2966671A3FA3D679E2B02C39FDB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Eupodiscus weissflogii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grunow) De Toni,
<taxonomicName id="CD1B56C241927C46295967211A533FFD" authorityName="G.A.Fryxell &amp; G.R.Hasle" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Thalassiosiraceae" genus="Thalassiosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalassiosira weissflogii" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<taxonomicName id="CD1B56C241927C46295967211A533FFD" authorityName="G.A.Fryxell &amp; G.R.Hasle" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" family="Thalassiosiraceae" genus="Thalassiosira" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalassiosira weissflogii" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<emphasis id="E82D05723BA70AD13FB7D7A76FD71220" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Thalassiosira weissflogii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grunow) G.A. Fryxell &amp; Hasle
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ The frustule has the form of a drum, valves are almost flat, diameter 24.4-26.6
<subSubSection id="61794FCA0DD942E830B68B5B43FA2204" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="AD99920DBFCE6372FF452BFFC17A592D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC4A8286D96C61B398C713AC718AB63A" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="50D10A66D4E67CE043491D90D4EBE9B6" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Thalassiosiraceae" genus="Conticribra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conticribra weissflogii" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<taxonomicName id="50D10A66D4E67CE043491D90D4EBE9B6" family="Thalassiosiraceae" genus="Conticribra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conticribra weissflogii" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<emphasis id="E80CA887D26ED870C41E01CC7F7D7142" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Conticribra weissflogii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a planktonic diatom, from marine and brackish-water environments that also may occur in lacustric and riverine waters. It is reported to occur in a wide range of salinity 2-26‰ (representing oligohalobs to polyhalobs), especially at salinities above 5‰ (