From 8f080979739da6bce5c6cde7305e65190f38dbd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2024 23:41:26 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-30 23:36:18 --- .../3F/033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.xml | 352 +++---- .../37/03923757F160FFEC2FE9FAB4FE49D23B.xml | 794 +++++++-------- .../37/03923757F160FFF32F71FF01FC24D414.xml | 480 ++++----- .../37/03923757F164FFF02FAEFA34FC02D32F.xml | 816 +++++++-------- .../37/03923757F166FFF72F5BFAD8FEC5D491.xml | 722 +++++++------- .../37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFDC5FE64D249.xml | 108 +- .../37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFF01FF63D0A4.xml | 182 ++-- .../37/03923757F169FFFA2FDDFB29FEFAD7CD.xml | 142 +-- .../37/03923757F169FFFA2FEDFCF6FD74D5F3.xml | 348 +++---- .../37/03923757F16AFFFB2FE9FC2CFDC3D3CF.xml | 616 ++++++------ .../37/03923757F16FFFF92FDEFB49FBBFD2F4.xml | 938 +++++++++--------- .../37/03923757F16FFFFC2C2DFDEFFC93D382.xml | 94 +- .../37/03923757F16FFFFC2FCBFD3EFBC4D51F.xml | 362 +++---- .../37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE2FBF5FC77D424.xml | 206 ++-- .../37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE9FD28FCDDD549.xml | 228 ++--- .../37/03923757F17CFFEF2FFBFDDAFBD9D3FF.xml | 94 +- .../37/03923757F17FFFEF2C75FC55FD39D0AF.xml | 184 ++-- .../B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFC3BC861FB6F.xml | 69 +- .../B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFF5ECF65FD84.xml | 69 +- .../14/0E5F140C488BC1F779F990B08B33C56E.xml | 266 ++--- .../4D/0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.xml | 188 ++-- .../E3/267AE3975A7FA65EADEA579027214FE2.xml | 138 +-- .../1A/3BE31AF4AA5AC5A372B2B37BC98A1985.xml | 204 ++-- .../B5/5513B5359B1CEE0DA8FE02C32B8760B5.xml | 148 +-- .../92/6A4B92F8F6CD1FA1B2F2F03526619A6F.xml | 106 +- .../D4/6B5BD45D443CEA5CCD5C17D1B210CE0E.xml | 170 ++-- .../5C/761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.xml | 320 +++--- .../A0/80E0A051CF0E2F34698923E1BE288C77.xml | 144 +-- .../7D/837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.xml | 476 ++++----- .../41/8F2F41B28095767C7DF945B4344A9291.xml | 244 ++--- .../A0/947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.xml | 182 ++-- .../8F/9EFF8FD9B8942218533A63BE4B8EFAC2.xml | 120 +-- .../A3/BB21A31BC679454334285C6CFEB511C9.xml | 184 ++-- .../0A/C9180A2C2AC389E0C14BF03867ECB117.xml | 152 +-- .../87/D66B87E53C23EF34FF69F82C7BC890E8.xml | 69 +- .../87/D66B87E53C3AEF2CFF69F94F7EC796FF.xml | 67 +- .../6C/E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.xml | 384 +++---- 37 files changed, 5185 insertions(+), 5181 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/03/3F/3F/033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.xml b/data/03/3F/3F/033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.xml index fbc4e3ba0fe..63bc1ed79bf 100644 --- a/data/03/3F/3F/033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.xml +++ b/data/03/3F/3F/033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.xml @@ -1,314 +1,314 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Deschampsia santamartensis Sylvester & Soreng -sp. nov. -Fig. 2 + + + +Deschampsia santamartensis Sylvester & Soreng +sp. nov. +Fig. 2 - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA. Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, valley descending south-western from Picos Reina and Ojeda, rocky and sandy -paramos +paramos above Laguna Naboba and Laguna Reina, -superparamo +superparamo , 4300-4500 m alt., 5 Oct. 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero -Castaneda +Castaneda 24607 (holotype: COL (COL000184738!); isotype: US (US01240776!)). - - -Figure 2. - -Deschampsia santamartensis + + +Figure 2. + +Deschampsia santamartensis . -A +A Habit -B +B Ligule -C +C Panicle branch -D +D Spikelet -E +E spikelet, with lower glume pulled away to reveal the stipitate floret (extension of the lowermost rachilla internode) -F +F floret -G +G floret, with palea and lemma slightly separated to reveal the ovary in a late stage of development and surrounded by long filamentous trichomes -H +H floret, with palea and lemma slightly separated to reveal the stamens and ovary at an earlier stage of development and surrounded by long filamentous trichomes; drawn by Marcela Morales from the holotype, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero -Castaneda +Castaneda 24607 (COL). - -Diagnosis. - - -Deschampsia santamartensis + +Diagnosis. + + +Deschampsia santamartensis is similar to - -Deschampsia hackelii + +Deschampsia hackelii (Lillo) Saarela, but differs in having broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades, 1.5-2.5 mm when folded (vs. filiform and curved leaf blades 0.5-1 mm wide when folded), ligules short and often truncate or obtuse with ligules of innovations 0.5-1 mm long and ligules of upper flowering culms 3-4 mm long (vs. ligules long and acuminate 3.5-7 mm long), ellipsoid spike-like panicles 3-5.5 long -x +x 1.5-2.5 cm wide (vs. capituliform spherical panicles 1-3 cm long -x +x 1-2 cm wide), lemma surfaces moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins (vs. smooth), lemma apices acute to muticous and entire (vs. truncate and irregularly dentate), rachilla extension often absent (vs. always present, 0.5-1 mm long) and inside of the floret often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long emerging from the base of the ovary (vs. lacking trichomes). - -Description. - -Tufted perennial + +Description. + +Tufted perennial forming short dense tufts with vertical rhizomes and papyraceous, fibrous basal sheaths, leaves form a basal mat to 12 cm tall and much shorter than the exerted culms. -Tillers +Tillers intravaginal. -Culms +Culms 9-20 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm wide, erect, exerted from the basal foliage, not obviously striate, densely papilliate; nodes and internodes terete, densely papilliate, not lustrous, nodes hidden in the sheaths with no nodes exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 10-18 cm long, longer than the sheaths. -Sheaths +Sheaths weakly striate, slightly keeled; -flag leaf sheaths +flag leaf sheaths 7-10 cm long; -upper culm sheaths +upper culm sheaths lax, glabrous, smooth, densely papilliate; -basal leaf sheaths +basal leaf sheaths 2-3 cm long, longer than the internodes, glabrous, smooth or slightly scabrous, densely papilliate, older basal sheaths papyraceous and fibrous with the fibres becoming slightly curly as the sheaths decay and leave just the fibres. -Ligules +Ligules not stipulate; -upper culm ligules +upper culm ligules 3-4 mm long, regularly decurrent with the sheaths, broadly shouldered with an attenuate central point, hyaline, without notable lateral keels, apices entire or irregularly dentate, abaxial surface smooth and sparsely papilliate; -ligules of innovations +ligules of innovations 0.5-1 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, broadly shouldered and sometimes with a lateral extension or lobe that extends ca. 1 mm long, the centre of the ligule truncate to obtuse and irregularly dentate, hyaline, without notable lateral keels, abaxial surface scabrous with distinct, mostly retrorse, spinules, with spinules tending to run down the throat and occur on the collar margin. -Leaf blades +Leaf blades 2.5-8 cm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide when folded, gradually reduced up the culm, strongly conduplicate with margins frequently inrolled, weakly keeled, erect to slightly divergent, glabrous, abaxial blade surface smooth, strongly papilliate, adaxial blade surface scabrous mainly in the centre in lines along the veins, veins pronounced, margins moderately scaberulous, apex naviculate with a slightly pungent mucronate point; -flag leaf blade +flag leaf blade 1.7-3 cm long, slightly narrower than lower culm blades. -Panicles +Panicles 3-5.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, dense, ellipsoid, golden-purple, densely spiculate, sometimes interrupted towards the base, spikelets present from near the base; -main panicle axis +main panicle axis terete, glabrous, smooth, lower internode ca. 1 cm long; -panicle branches +panicle branches short, ascending; -primary panicle branches +primary panicle branches 1-2 cm long, bearing 15-50 spikelets per branch, verticillate in clusters of 1-3, terete, glabrous, almost smooth to lightly scabrous, papilliate; -pedicels +pedicels 0.5-1.5 mm long, much shorter than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly scabrous, papilliate. -Spikelets +Spikelets 1-flowered, strongly laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes (not seen); glumes, lemma and palea slightly asymmetrical. -Glumes +Glumes 4.6-5.5 mm long, subequal or rarely unequal, lower glumes 0.5-1.5 mm shorter than the upper glumes, membranous, purplish grading to a scarious golden-bronze margin, sub-lustrous, papilliate, very sparsely scabrous on the keels, edges smooth, apices acute to acuminate, entire to infrequently irregularly denticulate; -lower glume +lower glume 1-veined; -upper glume +upper glume 3 or sometimes faintly 5-veined, lateral veins reaching half the length of the glume. -Florets +Florets stipitate, single, included in the glumes, subequalling the apex of the lower glume. -Lowermost rachilla internode +Lowermost rachilla internode (0.25 --)0.4- +-)0.4- 0.5 mm long, prolonged between the glumes and the floret, terete, slightly dilated at its apex, glabrous, smooth. -Lemmas +Lemmas 4-4.5 mm long, of the same consistency as the glumes, golden-purple with a broad scarious margin and apex, glabrous, long scabrous to pectinate scabrous along the keel for most its length, lemma surface moderately to sparsely scabrous between the veins distally for up to -3/4 +3/4 the length of the lemma, apex slightly falcate, acute to muticous, entire, apex margins broadly scarious and somewhat incurved, 5-veined, veins generally not evident, sometimes apparent towards the base; awn absent. -Paleas +Paleas slightly shorter than the lemma, of the same consistency, golden, scarious, keels closely spaced with the keel flanges twice as broad as the gap between the keels, one keel more pronounced than the other, regularly scabrous and notable in the upper 2/3 of the length, scabrous between the keels, apex sometimes inconspicuously bidentate. -Callus +Callus base rounded and slightly dorsally compressed above, glabrous. -Rachilla +Rachilla absent or to 0.6(-1) mm long, glabrescent with a few short hairs at the apex. -Lodicules +Lodicules 2, ca. 0.4 mm long, as broad as long, membranous, flabellate, with an acute lobe. -Stamens +Stamens 3, anthers 2-2.2 mm long. -Ovary +Ovary ca. 0.6 mm long, small, styles 2, stigmas plumose with secondary branching, short, often with scarce hyaline, shiny and sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long emerging from the base of the ovary. -Caryopsis +Caryopsis ca. 2 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, obovate, laterally compressed in cross section, hilum 0.2 mm long, circular to obovate, ventral groove shallow and narrow and not conspicuous, pale honey brown, embryo ca. 0.4 mm long, apex with remains of style bases <0.1 mm long, with remains of short plumose stigmas attached; -endosperm +endosperm liquid. - -Distribution and ecology. - + +Distribution and ecology. + Known only from the type specimen that was collected from a southwest facing valley descending from Picos Reina and Ojeda in the centre of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The specimen was collected from high elevation rocky and sandy -superparamo +superparamo vegetation above 4300 m. - -Preliminary conservation status. -Data Deficient (DD). Currently known only from a single specimen. Further expeditions are needed to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to document its distribution. + +Preliminary conservation status. +Data Deficient (DD). Currently known only from a single specimen. Further expeditions are needed to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to document its distribution. - -Etymology. -The species epithet refers to the type locality of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. + +Etymology. +The species epithet refers to the type locality of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. - -Notes. - - -Deschampsia santamartensis + +Notes. + + +Deschampsia santamartensis clearly belongs to -Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis +Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis (= - -Deschampsia + +Deschampsia sensu -Saarela et al. 2017 +Saarela et al. 2017 ) due to the presence of an extended rachilla internode between the glumes and the floret. - -Deschampsia santamartensis + +Deschampsia santamartensis can be easily distinguished from all other members of -Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis +Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis with dense, spike-like panicles by its florets lacking awns, a glabrous callus and the absence of a rachilla extension (or rarely with a diminutive glabrescent rachilla extension). The only other member of -Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis +Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis with dense spike-like panicles, glabrescent callus, glabrescent short rachilla extensions and which occasionally lack awns is - -Deschampsia hackelii + +Deschampsia hackelii (Lillo) Saarela (= - -Calamagrostis hackelii + +Calamagrostis hackelii Lillo), a species known from high-Andean regions of northwest Argentina and Chile ( - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 : 201). - -Deschampsia hackelii + +Deschampsia hackelii differs by its capituliform panicles, 1-3 cm long -x +x 1-2 cm wide (vs. ellipsoid spike-like panicles 3-5.5 long -x +x 1.5-2.5 cm wide), filiform and curved leaf blades 0.5-1 mm wide when folded (vs. broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades 1.5-2.5 mm when folded), long acuminate ligules 3.5-7 mm long (vs. ligules short and often truncate or obtuse with ligules of innovations 0.5-1 mm long and ligules of upper flowering culms 3-4 mm long), lemma surfaces smooth (vs. moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins), lemma apex truncate and irregularly dentate (vs. acute to muticous and entire), rachilla extension always present 0.5-1 mm long (vs. often absent) and inside of the floret lacking trichomes (vs. often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long emerging from the base of the ovary). - - -Deschampsia aurea + + +Deschampsia aurea , a species originally described from Ecuadorian -paramos +paramos but which also occurs in Peruvian Jalca vegetation, is another member of -Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis +Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis that has dense, spike-like panicles and spikelet lemmas that occasionally lose the thin weak dorsally-inserted awn (Zulma -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar, pers. comm.). - -Deschampsia aurea + +Deschampsia aurea has well-developed callus and rachilla hairs, with callus hairs surpassing more than half the length of the lemma and rachilla hairs reaching or surpassing the lemma apex, as well as other characters to help differentiate it from - -D. santamartensis + +D. santamartensis such as the floret being noticeably shorter (2.9-3 mm long) than the large glumes (5.5-7.5 mm long), amongst other characters. - -Calamagrostis chrysostachya + +Calamagrostis chrysostachya (E. Desv.) Kuntze, a species known from high-Andean regions of northwest Argentina and Chile, also shares these attributes and has also been included as a member of -Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis +Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis ( - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 , pers. comm.). Both these species, however, have a pilose callus and rachilla, with - -C. chrysostachya + +C. chrysostachya having poorly developed callus and rachilla hairs to 1 mm long, but thin conduplicate or convolute leaf blades 0.8-1.2 mm wide when unfolded and a ligular stipule 0.5-1.5 mm long. The short, strongly conduplicate leaf blades with navicular apices are also reminiscent of - -Poa trachyphylla + +Poa trachyphylla Hack. which also inhabits high-elevation -superparamo +superparamo of Colombia ( -Sylvester et al. in press +Sylvester et al. in press ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFEC2FE9FAB4FE49D23B.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFEC2FE9FAB4FE49D23B.xml index f1644d30aa2..271cc561046 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFEC2FE9FAB4FE49D23B.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFEC2FE9FAB4FE49D23B.xml @@ -1,800 +1,800 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Meleon russata + + + + + +Meleon russata (Simon, -1900 +1900 ) - - -Figs 26, 27 + + +Figs 26, 27 , - -57–69 + +57–69 - - - -Portia russata + + + +Portia russata : Simon -1900 +1900 : -381 +381 . - - -Meleon russata + + +Meleon russata (Simon) : Wanless -1978 +1978 : -97–99 +97–99 , figs -6 +6 A–D. - -Description: - -Male + +Description: + +Male . - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.40 +2.40 , width -2.10 +2.10 , height at PLE -1.90 +1.90 . Ocular area: length -1.20 +1.20 , width anteriorly -1.60 +1.60 , width posteriorly -1.55 +1.55 . Diameter of -AME +AME : -1.20 +1.20 . - + Abdomen: length -3.25 +3.25 , width -1.65 +1.65 . Clypeal height: -0.25 +0.25 . Cheliceral length: -0.55 +0.55 . Length of leg segments: I -2.50 +2.50 + -0.90 +0.90 + -2.05 +2.05 + -2.15 +2.15 + -0.90 +0.90 ; II 2.00+ -0.90 +0.90 + -1.40 +1.40 + -1.65 +1.65 + -0.70 +0.70 ; III -1.65 +1.65 + -0.75 +0.75 + -1.20 +1.20 + -2.55 +2.55 + -0.80 +0.80 ; IV -2.10 +2.10 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.70 +1.70 + -2.50 +2.50 + -0.85 +0.85 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d, pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; II Fm d pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr -1 +1 - -1 +1 rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; III Fm d, pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d pr and rt -0- 1 +0- 1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -1 +1 - -1 +1 -0- -0-2 +0-2 ap. -Colouration +Colouration ( -Figs 27 +Figs 27 , -63 +63 ): Carapace dark brown, with pale yellow ocular area and black around eyes. Sternum dark brown. Clypeus dark brown, but pale white in centre. Cheeks under ALEs yellow-white. Chelicerae dark brown. Abdomen: dorsum brownish grey, with medial grey-brown stripe; sides and venter grey-brown. All legs brown. Femora and tibiae I and II with fringes of dense and long black hairs ventrally (fringes much shorter on legs -II +II ) ( - + Fig. -62 +62 ). Spinnerets grey-brown. Book-lungs grey. Palps dark brown, covered with white hairs. Palpal structure as in - + Figs -57–60 +57–60 . - - + + Figs 57–63. - -Meleon russata + +Meleon russata (Simon, 1900) from Madagascar (Tamatave), male: (57) male palp, ventral view; (58) ditto, dorsal view; (59) tibial apophyses, dorsolateral view; (60) embolar divisio, lateral view; (61) chelicera, ventral view; (62) legs I and II, lateral view; (63) general appearance, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in Figs 57–62; 1 mm in Fig. 63. - -Female + +Female . - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.80 +2.80 , width -2.45 +2.45 , height at PLE -2.05 +2.05 . Ocular area: length -1.30 +1.30 , width anteriorly -1.80 +1.80 , width posteriorly -1.75 +1.75 . Diameter of -AME -0.60 +AME +0.60 . Abdomen: length -3.90 +3.90 , width -2.25 +2.25 . Clypeal height: -0.30 +0.30 . Cheliceral length: -1.40 +1.40 . Length of leg segments: I -2.50 +2.50 + -1.10 +1.10 + -1.80 +1.80 + -1.80 +1.80 + -0.90 +0.90 ; II -2.10 +2.10 +1.00+ -1.50 +1.50 + -1.55 +1.55 + -0.75 +0.75 ; III -1.80 +1.80 +1.00+ -1.35 +1.35 + -1.70 +1.70 + -0.70 +0.70 ; IV -2.30 +2.30 + -0.90 +0.90 + -1.80 +1.80 + -2.70 +2.70 + -0.85 +0.85 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d, pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 , Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; II Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 , Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 -0 rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 -0, Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap rt -1 +1 - -0-2 +0-2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration ( -Figs 26 +Figs 26 , -69 +69 ): Carapace brown, with pale yellow ocular area and black around eyes. Sternum brown. Clypeus and cheeks brown, with short white hairs. Cheeks under ALEs yellow-white. Chelicerae brown. Abdomen: dorsum grey-yellow, with median grey-brown stripe; sides and venter grey-brown. Book-lungs yellow-grey; spinnerets greyyellow.All legs yellow-brown, but Fm I and II brown, and Fm II pro- and retrolaterally with yellow patches. Fm I with white hairs. Tb I brown, with fringes of dense and long black hairs ventrally (fringes much shorter on legs -II +II , white in their medial part) ( - + Fig. -26 +26 ). Palps white-yellow, covered with white hairs. Epigyne and spermathecae as in - + Figs -64–66 +64–66 . - - + + Figs 64–69. - -Meleon russata + +Meleon russata (Simon, 1900) from Madagascar (Tamatave), female: (64) epigyne, ventral view; (65) spermathecae, dorsal view; (66) diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts; (67) legs I and II, lateral view; (68) chelicera, ventral view; (69) female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in Figs 64, 65, 67, 68; 1 mm in Fig. 69. - - + + Material examined: - -MADAGASCAR + +MADAGASCAR : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -206672 + +206672 ), -Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona +Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona ], -ca - -19 +ca + +19 ° -36 +36 'S : - -48 + +48 ° -13 +13 'E , forest d’Analalava, - - + + xi. -1995 +1995 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -207233 + +207233 ), same locality, - - + + xi. -1995 +1995 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -200.111 + +200.111 ), same locality, -sieved litter +sieved litter , - - -11 + + +11 .xii. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly . - - + + Comments: The finding of the male of - -M. russata + +M. russata ( -Figs 27 +Figs 27 , - + 57– -63 +63 ), so long after the ♀ -holotype +holotype , allows us to comment on the species’ taxonomic assignment. The palp conformation of - -M. russata + +M. russata , particularly the shape and position of the embolus and the sclerotized lobe M -2 +2 ( -sensu +sensu Wanless -1984 -a +1984 +a , fig. -27 -G +27 +G ), is almost identical to that of - -Veissella milloti + +Veissella milloti (Logunov & Azarkina -2008 +2008 , figs -107–111 +107–111 ). Both species differ from each other in details of mutual arrangement and size of the embolus and the sclerite M -2 +2 , as well as in the shape of tibial apophysis (cf. - + Figs -57–59 +57–59 ). Yet, - -V. milloti + +V. milloti was only provisionally placed in the genus - -Veissella + +Veissella (Logunov & Azarkina -2008 +2008 : -113 +113 ) , as the species has no process on the palpal femur and patella, the key diagnostic character of - -Veissella + +Veissella (see Wanless -1984 -a +1984 +a ). - + There is no doubt that both - -M. russata + +M. russata , known from Madagascar, and - -V. milloti + +V. milloti , known from the Comoros, belong to the same genus, but whether it should be - -Meleon + +Meleon , - -Veissella + +Veissella or a separate genus remains to be further studied. On the one hand, the female of - -M. russata + +M. russata does not possess the median epigynal guide, another key character of - -Veissella + +Veissella (see Wanless -1984 -a +1984 +a , fig. -27 -E +27 +E ). Yet, as was stressed by Wijesinghe ( -1994 +1994 : -59 +59 ), - -M. russata + +M. russata differs from the true - -Meleon + +Meleon species in the profile of its carapace and the very short copulatory ducts. Thus, it is very likely that - -M. russata + +M. russata and - -V. milloti + +V. milloti should be placed in a genus of its own, separated both from true - -Meleon + +Meleon ( -sensu +sensu Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 ) and from - -Veissella + +Veissella . diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFF32F71FF01FC24D414.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFF32F71FF01FC24D414.xml index 001fc128f0b..53450f7941d 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFF32F71FF01FC24D414.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F160FFF32F71FF01FC24D414.xml @@ -1,477 +1,477 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Meleon raharizonina + + + + + +Meleon raharizonina Logunov & Azarkina, -2008 +2008 - - -Figs 37 + + +Figs 37 , - + 48– -51 +51 - - - -Meleon raharizonina + + + +Meleon raharizonina : Logunov & Azarkina -2008 +2008 : -102–103 +102–103 , figs -29–35 +29–35 . - -Description: - -Male + +Description: + +Male . See Logunov & Azarkina ( -2008 +2008 ). - -Female + +Female . - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.20 +2.20 , width -1.85 +1.85 , height at PLE -1.50 +1.50 . Ocular area: length -1.20 +1.20 , width anteriorly 1.00, width posteriorly -0.85 +0.85 . Diameter of -AME -0.50 +AME +0.50 . Abdomen: length -2.55 +2.55 , width -1.60 +1.60 . Clypeal height: -0.20 +0.20 . Cheliceral length: -0.55 +0.55 . Length of leg segments: I -2.10 +2.10 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.75 +1.75 + -1.80 +1.80 + -0.80 +0.80 ; II -1.80 +1.80 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.90 +1.90 + -1.50 +1.50 + -0.65 +0.65 ; III -1.55 +1.55 + -0.70 +0.70 + -1.55 +1.55 + -1.55 +1.55 + -0.60 +0.60 ; IV -1.95 +1.95 + -0.70 +0.70 + -1.65 +1.65 + -2.60 +2.60 + -0.70 +0.70 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0, Mt d -0-2 +0-2 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 -0, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; II Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0, Mt d -0-2 +0-2 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 , - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 - -1 +1 ap; III Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d, pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -0-2 +0-2 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -0-2 +0-2 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -1 +1 - -1 +1 -0- -0-2 +0-2 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration ( -Figs 37 +Figs 37 , -51 +51 ): Carapace light yellow, with pale yellow ocular area and black around eyes. Sternum yellow. Clypeus light brown. Cheeks yellow, covered with white hairs. Abdomen: dorsum pale yellow, with a grey longitudinal stripe; sides and venter grey-yellow. Spinnerets brownish; book-lungs pale yellow. All legs brownish yellow, but femora I–III brown, femur IV with -2 +2 brown apical spots. Palps pale yellow, but palpal tarsi brownish. Epigyne and spermthecae as in - + Figs -48–50 +48–50 . - - + + Material examined: - -MADAGASCAR + +MADAGASCAR : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -200.208 + +200.208 ), -Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona] +Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona] , -ca - -19 +ca + +19 ° -36 +36 'S : - -48 + +48 ° -13 +13 'E , forest on clay soil, -sieved litter +sieved litter , - - + + xii. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -177817 + +177817 ), same locality, forest on clay soil, -sieved litter +sieved litter , - - -11 + + +11 .xi. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -177901 + +177901 ), same locality, - -Asplenium + +Asplenium -forest, - - + + xii. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly . - - + + Comments: This species was recently described after a single male from Madagascar by Logunov and Azarkina ( -2008 +2008 ). In new samples taken from the NE part of Madagascar we have found both sexes together. The female of - -M. raharizonina + +M. raharizonina is described here for the first time. - + Both the male and female of - -M. raharizonina + +M. raharizonina are most similar to those of - -M. madagascarensis + +M. madagascarensis ( -Figs 40, 41 +Figs 40, 41 , - -42 + +42 –47 , - + 53– -56 +56 ). The male can easily be distinguished by the shape of massive tibial apophysis (Logunov & Azarkina -2008 +2008 , figs -29–31 +29–31 ). The female differs in having shorter inseminations ducts and transverse, slit-shaped copulation openings ( -vs +vs V-shaped ones in - -M. madagascarensis + +M. madagascarensis ; cf. - + Figs -48 +48 and -55 +55 ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F164FFF02FAEFA34FC02D32F.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F164FFF02FAEFA34FC02D32F.xml index 74c5a6b295a..e70098ace23 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F164FFF02FAEFA34FC02D32F.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F164FFF02FAEFA34FC02D32F.xml @@ -1,821 +1,821 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Meleon madagascarensis + + + + + +Meleon madagascarensis (Wanless, -1978 +1978 ) - - -Figs 40, 41 + + +Figs 40, 41 , - -42 + +42 –47 , - + 53– -56 +56 - - - -Portia madagascarensis + + + +Portia madagascarensis : Wanless -1978 +1978 : -114–116 +114–116 , figs -16 +16 A–D. - - -Portia oreophila + + +Portia oreophila Wanless, -1978 +1978 : -116 +116 , figs -17 +17 A–D. - - -Meleon madagascarensis + + +Meleon madagascarensis (Wanless) : Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 : -57 +57 . - - + + Figs 37–41. - -Meleon raharizonina + +Meleon raharizonina Logunov & Azarkina, 2008 (37) from Madagascar (Tamatave), - -M. guineensis + +M. guineensis (Berland & Millot, 1941) (38, 39) from Congo (Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve), and - -M. madagascarensis + +M. madagascarensis (Wanless, 1978) (40 – ♂ holotype of - -Portia madagascarensis + +Portia madagascarensis ; 41 – ♀ holotype of - -Portia oreophila + +Portia oreophila ) from Madagascar, general appearance: (37, 39, 41) female, dorsal views; (38) ditto, front view; (40) male, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm. - - -Description: + + +Description: - - -Male + + +Male ( -holotype +holotype of - -Portia madagascarensis + +Portia madagascarensis ). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.45 +2.45 , width -1.90 +1.90 , height at PLE -1.50 +1.50 . Ocular area: length -1.20 +1.20 , width anteriorly -1.65 +1.65 , width posteriorly -1.45 +1.45 . Diameter of -AME -0.50 +AME +0.50 . Abdomen: length -2.60 +2.60 , width -1.60 +1.60 . Clypeal height: -0.10 +0.10 . Cheliceral length: -0.95 +0.95 . Length of leg segments: I -2.40 +2.40 + -0.90 +0.90 + -2.45 +2.45 + -2.45 +2.45 ; II -2.20 +2.20 + -0.90 +0.90 + -1.95 +1.95 + -2.05 +2.05 + -0.75 +0.75 ; III -1.90 +1.90 + -0.75 +0.75 + -1.45 +1.45 + -1.90 +1.90 + -0.75 +0.75 ; IV -2.40 +2.40 + -0.90 +0.90 +2.00+ -3.05 +3.05 + -0.75 +0.75 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 -0 - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 -0 pr -0-1 +0-1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 rt -0-1 +0-1 - -0-1 +0-1 - - -1 + +1 v -1 +1 -0- -0-2 +0-2 apl; II Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , pr and rt -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 -0, - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 -0, pr -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -2 +2 ap, rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-1 +0-1 ap; III Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ; Pt pr and rt -1 +1 ; Tb d -1 +1 -0- -0-1 +0-1 , pr and rt -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 , - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; Mt d 0- -0-1 +0-1 -0-0, pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , pr 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ; Pt pr and rt -1 +1 ; Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 pr -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 rt -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0 pr -0-1 +0-1 - -2 +2 ap rt 0- -0-2 +0-2 ap - + v -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -0-2 +0-2 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration ( - + Fig. -40 +40 ): Carapace brown, covered with white hairs, with white ocular area and black around eyes. Clypeus pale yellow, covered with white hairs and bristles. Chelicerae brown-yellow. Sternum yellow. Abdomen yellow, but dorsum with a small dark patch in middle part.All legs yellow, but tibiae and metatarsi I and II brown. Palpal structure as in - + Figs -42–45 +42–45 . - - + + Figs 42–47. - -Meleon madagascarensis + +Meleon madagascarensis (Wanless, 1978) from Madagascar (♂ holotype of - -P.madagascarensis + +P.madagascarensis ): (42) male palp, ventral view; (43) ditto, retrolateral view; (44) ditto, dorsal view; (45) ditto, median view; (46) chelicera, ventral view; (47) leg I, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. - - -Female + + +Female ( -holotype +holotype of - -Portia oreophila + +Portia oreophila ). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.40 +2.40 , width -1.90 +1.90 , height at PLE -1.50 +1.50 . Ocular area: length -1.20 +1.20 , width anteriorly -1.65 +1.65 , width posteriorly -1.45 +1.45 . Diameter of -AME -0.50 +AME +0.50 . Abdomen: length -2.65 +2.65 , width -1.75 +1.75 . Clypeal height: -0.10 +0.10 . Cheliceral length: 1.00. Length of leg segments: I -2.20 +2.20 + -0.90 +0.90 + -1.70 +1.70 + -1.85 +1.85 + -0.90 +0.90 ; II -1.90 +1.90 + -0.75 +0.75 + -1.70 +1.70 + -1.70 +1.70 + -0.75 +0.75 ; III 2.00+ -0.75 +0.75 + -1.50 +1.50 + -1.65 +1.65 + -0.80 +0.80 ; IV -2.25 +2.25 + -0.75 +0.75 +2.00+ -2.90 +2.90 + -0.80 +0.80 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Ti d pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0, Mt d 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 -0-0, pr -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 , rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 -0; II Fm d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 -0 - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -1 +1 ap, Mt d 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ap, - + v -2 +2 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, v -0-2 +0-2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr -0-1 +0-1 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 rt 0-0-0- -0-1 +0-1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -2 +2 - -2 +2 -0-0 pr 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -2 +2 ap rt 0-0- -0-2 +0-2 ap v -0-2 +0-2 -0- -0-2 +0-2 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration : As in the male ( - + Fig. -41 +41 ), but tibiae I ventrally with dense fringes of brown hairs. Epigyne and spermathecae as in - + Figs -54–56 +54–56 . - - -Type + + +Type material examined: - - -Portia madagascarensis + + +Portia madagascarensis -holotype +holotype ( -♂ +♂ ; -MRAC +MRAC , - -142917 + +142917 ), -MADAGASCAR +MADAGASCAR : -Mt Ambohisanga +Mt Ambohisanga , - -15 + +15 ° -31 +31 'S : - -49 + +49 °06'E , - - + + i. -1951 +1951 , -A. Pierrard +A. Pierrard . - - -Portia oreophila + + +Portia oreophila -holotype +holotype ( -♀ +♀ ; -MRAC +MRAC , - -200208 + +200208 ) same locality, - - + + i. -1961 +1961 , -A. Pierrard +A. Pierrard . - - + + Comments: To date, the species is known from the -type +type specimens and from Madagascar only. It was Wijesinghe ( -1994 +1994 ) who matched the male of - -Portia madagascarensis + +Portia madagascarensis with the female of - -P. oreophila + +P. oreophila and thereby provided the current conception of the species. The species is redescribed here on the basis of the -type +type specimens. diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F166FFF72F5BFAD8FEC5D491.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F166FFF72F5BFAD8FEC5D491.xml index 0d8616444c1..35f145c3f42 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F166FFF72F5BFAD8FEC5D491.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F166FFF72F5BFAD8FEC5D491.xml @@ -1,726 +1,726 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Meleon guineensis + + + + + +Meleon guineensis (Berland & Millot, -1941 +1941 ) - - - + + + Figs -28 +28 –36 , - + 38, -39 +39 - - - -Linus guineensis + + + +Linus guineensis : Berland & Millot -1941 +1941 : -399 +399 , fig. -92 +92 . - - -Meleon guineensis + + +Meleon guineensis (Berland & Millot) : Roewer -1965 +1965 : -14 +14 , fig. -12 +12 ; Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 : -59 +59 , figs -1 +1 –3, 7. - -Description: - -Male + +Description: + +Male ( -MRAC +MRAC , -225861 +225861 ). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.75 +2.75 , width -2.13 +2.13 , height at PLE -1.58 +1.58 . Ocular area: length -1.38 +1.38 , width anteriorly -1.58 +1.58 , width posteriorly -1.35 +1.35 . Diameter of -AME -0.54 +AME +0.54 . Abdomen: length -2.93 +2.93 , width -1.73 +1.73 . Clypeal height: -0.18 +0.18 . Cheliceral length: -1.33 +1.33 . Length of leg segments: I 3.00+ -1.15 +1.15 +3.00+ -2.55 +2.55 +1.00; II -2.30 +2.30 + -0.90 +0.90 + -1.80 +1.80 +2.00+ -0.85 +0.85 ; III -2.40 +2.40 + -0.75 +0.75 + -1.55 +1.55 +2.00+ -0.80 +0.80 ; IV -2.55 +2.55 + -0.83 +0.83 +2.00+ -2.85 +2.85 + -0.90 +0.90 . - - + + Figs 28–36. - -Meleon guineensis + +Meleon guineensis (Berland & Millot, 1941) from Congo (Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve): (28) male palp, ventral view; (29) ditto, retrolateral view; (30) ditto, dorsal view; (31, 34) epigyne, ventral view; (32, 35) spermathecae, dorsal view; (33, 36) ditto, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -3 +3 pr 0- -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d, pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 , Mt d -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr -2 +2 - -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ap rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; II Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and pr -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 , pr -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -0-1 +0-1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - - + 0- -1 v +1 v -2 +2 - -0-1 +0-1 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap v -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration : Carapace greyish yellow, with brown veins in thoracic region and patches of white scales. Black around eyes. Clypeus brownish yellow, without hair/scale cover. Sternum, maxillae, labium and chelicerae yellow, tinged brown. Entire abdomen yellow, with irregularly-shaped brownish patches (with no clear pattern). Book-lung covers and spinnerets yellow, tinged brown. Leg I light brown, with pale yellow tarsi; femora I ventrally and dorsally, and patellae and tibiae ventrally, with fringes of long black hairs. Legs II–IV yellow, with brownish patches and rings. Palps yellow, tinged brown. Palpal structure as in - + Figs -28–30 +28–30 . - -Female + +Female ( -MRAC +MRAC , -225861 +225861 ). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.40 +2.40 , width 2.00, height at PLE -1.30 +1.30 . Ocular area: length -1.38 +1.38 , width anteriorly -1.38 +1.38 , width posteriorly -1.25 +1.25 . Diameter of -AME -0.48 +AME +0.48 . Abdomen: length -2.80 +2.80 , width -1.75 +1.75 . Clypeal height: -0.18 +0.18 . Cheliceral length: 1.00. Length of leg segments: I -2.50 +2.50 + -1.03 +1.03 + -2.30 +2.30 + -1.80 +1.80 + -0.85 +0.85 ; II -2.60 +2.60 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.50 +1.50 + -1.55 +1.55 + -0.75 +0.75 ; III -1.75 +1.75 + -0.78 +0.78 + -1.30 +1.30 + -1.65 +1.65 + -0.70 +0.70 ; IV -2.30 +2.30 + -0.78 +0.78 + -1.80 +1.80 + -2.50 +2.50 + -0.80 +0.80 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d, pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 , Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ap - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; II Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d, pr and pr -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 , Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 pr and rt 0- -0-1 +0-1 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d, pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, Mt d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-1 +0-1 ap; IV Fm d -1 +1 - -1-3 +1-3 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d pr and rt -1 +1 - - + 0- -1 v +1 v -2 +2 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1 +1 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap. -Colouration +Colouration : As in male ( -Figs 38, 39 +Figs 38, 39 ), but differs as follows: palps contrastingly pale yellow; tibiae IV ventrally-distally with fringes of black hairs. Epigyne and spermathecae as in - + Figs -31–36 +31–36 . - - + + Material examined: - -D.R. CONGO + +D.R. CONGO : - -3 + +3 ♂ - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -225861 + +225861 ), -Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve +Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve , -ca - -5 +ca + +5 ° -37 +37 'S : - -13 + +13 °05'E , primary rainforest, -fogging- +fogging- 2, - - + + 7.x. -2006 +2006 , -De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P +De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P .; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -220938 + +220938 ), same locality, -fogging- -1 +fogging- +1 bis, - - -5 + + +5 .xii. -2006 +2006 , -De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P +De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P .; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -219978 + +219978 ; det. earlier as - -M. solitaria + +M. solitaria ), same locality, -beating along trail +beating along trail in primary rainforest, nr fogging sites - - -1 + + +1 and 2 , - - + + 5.xi. -2006 +2006 , -De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P +De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P .; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -220952 + +220952 ; det. earlier as - -M. solitaria + +M. solitaria ), same locality, -fogging +fogging in primary rainforest, fogging-3, - - + + 10.xi. -2006 +2006 , -De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P +De Bakker D. & Michiels J.P . - - + + Distribution: This species has been recorded from tropical West Africa: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Congo (Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 ; present data). - - + + Comments: Wijesinghe ( -1994 +1994 : -59 +59 ) only provisionally matched the ♀ -holotype +holotype of - -M. guineensis + +M. guineensis and the ♂ reported by Wanless ( -1984 -a +1984 +a : -187–189 +187–189 ) as - -Meleon solitaria + +Meleon solitaria . We have examined the sample containing both sexes, and therefore this sex association can be confirmed. diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFDC5FE64D249.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFDC5FE64D249.xml index 2705544b002..9ebe9c23faa 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFDC5FE64D249.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFDC5FE64D249.xml @@ -1,93 +1,93 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - + + + + Genus - -Holcolaetis + +Holcolaetis Simon, -1886 +1886 - - + + This is a small Afrotropical genus of eight described species (Platnick -2009 +2009 ), confined to the Afrotropical region except for the single species - -H. dyali + +H. dyali Roewer, -1951 +1951 , known from Pakistan (Lahor: Gol Bagh; see Dyal -1935 +1935 ).According to Wanless ( -1985 +1985 : -255 +255 ), the record by Dyal ( -1935 +1935 : -222 +222 , sub - -H. vidua + +H. vidua Lessert, -1927 +1927 ) was based on misidentification. Yet the taxonomic status and validity of the species name - -H. dyali + +H. dyali remain obscure and require further attention. The genus - -Holcolaetis + +Holcolaetis was included in the -Spartaeinae +Spartaeinae by Rodrigo and Jackson ( -1992 +1992 ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFF01FF63D0A4.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFF01FF63D0A4.xml index 97029b3f504..91bd07a538e 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFF01FF63D0A4.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FCEFF01FF63D0A4.xml @@ -1,165 +1,165 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Cyrba simoni + + + + + +Cyrba simoni Wijesinghe, -1993 +1993 - - - -Cyrba simoni + + + +Cyrba simoni : Wijesinghe -1993 +1993 : -136 +136 ; Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b : -461–463 +461–463 , figs -10 +10 A–L (sub - -C. bimaculata + +C. bimaculata ); Wesołowska & Russell-Smith -2000 +2000 : -20–21 +20–21 , figs -20–24 +20–24 . - - + + Material examined: - -BURUNDI + +BURUNDI : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -213879 + +213879 ), Cabara, miombo woodland with - -Brachystegia + +Brachystegia , -by hand +by hand , -ca - -850 m +ca + +850 m , - - -23 + + +23 .iv. -2002 +2002 , -N. Benoit +N. Benoit ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -213828 + +213828 ), Nkayamba, miombo woodland with - -Brachystegia + +Brachystegia , -by hand +by hand , -ca - -850 m +ca + +850 m , - - -23 + + +23 .v. -2002 +2002 , -N. Benoit +N. Benoit . - - + + Distribution: This is a widespread Afrotropical species, known from Nigeria and Cameroon to Tanzania and Angola in the south (Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b ; Wesołowska & Russell-Smith -2000 +2000 ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FDDFB29FEFAD7CD.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FDDFB29FEFAD7CD.xml index 9ee64636e0b..65df8a0aae8 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FDDFB29FEFAD7CD.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FDDFB29FEFAD7CD.xml @@ -1,131 +1,131 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - + + + + Genus - -Meleon + +Meleon Wanless, -1984 +1984 - - + + This Afrotropical genus currently consists of eight described species (Platnick -2009 +2009 ), occurring from Guinea in the west to Madagascar in the east. - - + + The composition of - -Meleon + +Meleon requires further study, as the genus seems to be a paraphyletic taxon. According to Wijesinghe ( -1994 +1994 ), - -Meleon + +Meleon should consist of only three species: - -M. guineensis + +M. guineensis (Berland & Millot, -1941 +1941 ) , - -M. solitaria + +M. solitaria (Lessert, -1927 +1927 ) and - -M. kenti + +M. kenti (Lessert, -1925 +1925 ) ; the last is the -type +type species. - -M. madagascarensis + +M. madagascarensis and - -M. russata + +M. russata , as stated by Wijesinghe ( -1994 +1994 ), belong elsewhere. The same seems to hold true for two new - -Meleon + +Meleon species recently described by Logunov and Azarkina ( -2008 +2008 ), viz. - -M. insularis + +M. insularis and - -M. raharisonina + +M. raharisonina , as both are closely related to - -M. madagascarensis + +M. madagascarensis . The problem of the taxonomic status and composition of - -Meleon + +Meleon is outside the scope of the present work and will be considered properly elsewhere by one of us ( -DL +DL ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FEDFCF6FD74D5F3.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FEDFCF6FD74D5F3.xml index b13c874798f..ba396791db4 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FEDFCF6FD74D5F3.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F169FFFA2FEDFCF6FD74D5F3.xml @@ -1,349 +1,349 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Holcolaetis zuluensis + + + + + +Holcolaetis zuluensis Lawrence, -1937 +1937 - - - + + + Figs -24, 25 +24, 25 - - - -Holcolaetis zuluensis + + + +Holcolaetis zuluensis : Lawrence -1937 +1937 : -255 +255 , fig. -23 +23 ; Wanless -1985 +1985 : -259–260 +259–260 , figs -6 +6 A–G, -16 +16 C; Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 : -47–49 +47–49 , figs -83 +83 –86, 240, 241. - - + + Material examined: - -SOUTHAFRICA + +SOUTHAFRICA : - -Limpopo + +Limpopo : - -1 + +1 ♂ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2185 +2185 ), -Little Leigh +Little Leigh , - -22 + +22 ° -94 +94 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -87 +87 'E , above the knee, - -Kirkia wilmsi + +Kirkia wilmsi , - - -21 + + +21 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -I. Sinthumule +I. Sinthumule ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2187 +2187 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -93 +93 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -89 +89 'E , above the knee, - -Burkea africana + +Burkea africana , - - -23 + + +23 .xi. -2005 +2005 , -B. van der Waal +B. van der Waal ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2186 +2186 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -94 +94 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -86 +86 'E , above the knee, gallery forest, - - -19 + + +19 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -S. Foord +S. Foord ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2184 +2184 ), same locality and habitat, - - -22 + + +22 .xi. -2005 +2005 , -I. Sinthumule +I. Sinthumule . - - -Gauteng + + +Gauteng : - -1 + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -210144 + +210144 ), -Roodeplaat Dam +Roodeplaat Dam , house, - -25 + +25 ° -38 +38 'S : - -28 + +28 ° -21 +21 'E , - - -3 + + +3 .iv. -2001 +2001 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué . - - -KwaZulu-Natal + + +KwaZulu-Natal : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -171714 + +171714 ), -St Lucia, Fanies Island +St Lucia, Fanies Island , - -28 + +28 ° -32 +32 'S : - -32 + +32 ° -24 +24 'E , -by hand +by hand , - - -22 + + +22 .vii. -1990 +1990 , -M. Alderweireldt +M. Alderweireldt & -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué . - - + + Distribution: The species is known from South Africa northwards to Tanzania (Wanless -1985 +1985 ; Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 ; present data). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16AFFFB2FE9FC2CFDC3D3CF.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16AFFFB2FE9FC2CFDC3D3CF.xml index 58938acb9dc..55a6aa9c4df 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16AFFFB2FE9FC2CFDC3D3CF.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16AFFFB2FE9FC2CFDC3D3CF.xml @@ -1,614 +1,614 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Cyrba nigrimana + + + + + +Cyrba nigrimana Simon, -1900 +1900 - - - + + + Figs -14–23 +14–23 - - - -Cyrba nigrimana + + + +Cyrba nigrimana : Simon -1900 +1900 : -389 +389 ; Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b : -465 +465 , figs -12 +12 A–G; Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 : -27–28 +27–28 , figs -26–28 +26–28 . - -Description: - -Male + +Description: + +Male ( -MRAC +MRAC , -169807 +169807 ). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.05 +2.05 , width -1.45 +1.45 , height at PLE -1.10 +1.10 . Ocular area: length -0.90 +0.90 , width anteriorly -1.35 +1.35 , width posteriorly -1.25 +1.25 . Diameter of -AME -0.42 +AME +0.42 . Abdomen: length -2.45 +2.45 , width -1.25 +1.25 . Clypeal height: -0.15 +0.15 . Cheliceral length: -0.65 +0.65 . Length of leg segments: I -1.30 +1.30 + -0.75 +0.75 + -0.90 +0.90 + -0.90 +0.90 + -0.50 +0.50 ; II -1.30 +1.30 + -0.70 +0.70 + -0.90 +0.90 + -0.80 +0.80 + -0.50 +0.50 ; III; 1.00+ -0.50 +0.50 + -0.85 +0.85 + -0.90 +0.90 + -0.45 +0.45 ; IV -1.50 +1.50 + -0.65 +0.65 + -1.15 +1.15 + -1.40 +1.40 + -0.60 +0.60 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 ; Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr & rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; II Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1-5 +1-5 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 -0-0 pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -1 +1 -0-0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -1 +1 - -1-5 +1-5 or -1 +1 - -1 +1 - -1-5 +1-5 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 -0-0 pr and rt -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -1 +1 -0-0 pr -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap, - + v -1 +1 - -0-2 +0-2 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration ( -Figs 14, 15 +Figs 14, 15 ): Carapace yellow-brown, with brown eye field and black around eyes, covered with white scales and brown hairs. Sternum yellow-brown. Clypeus and cheeks yellow, densely covered with white hairs. Chelicerae brown-yellow. Abdomen: dorsum brown, but medially yellow; sides and venter grey-brown. Booklungs yellow. Spinnerets brown. All legs yellow, but tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Palpus yellow, with brown cymbium. Palpal structure as in - + Figs -17–20 +17–20 . - -Female + +Female . For description see Wanless ( -1984 -b +1984 +b ; -Figs 16 +Figs 16 , - + 21– -23 +23 ). - - -Material examined + + +Material examined : - -SOUTHAFRICA + +SOUTHAFRICA : - -Limpopo + +Limpopo : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2172 +2172 ), -Little Leigh +Little Leigh , - -22 + +22 ° -93 +93 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -85 +85 'E , - + pitfall ( -10 +10 days) , - -Pterocarpus rotundifolius + +Pterocarpus rotundifolius , collector and date unknown ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2171 +2171 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -93 +93 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -88 +88 'E , bk, - -Pterocarpus rotundifolius + +Pterocarpus rotundifolius , -38798 +38798 , [no date], -V. Gelebe +V. Gelebe . - - -Eastern Cape + + +Eastern Cape : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -169636 + +169636 ), - + Ecca Pass Nature Reserve, -ca -13 km +ca +13 km N of Grahamstown, direction Fort Beaufort , - -33 + +33 ° -18 +18 'S : - -26 + +26 ° -32 +32 'E , - - -16 + + +16 .i. -1989 +1989 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -169721 + +169721 ), same locality, under stones, - - -16 + + +16 .i. -1989 +1989 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué ; - - -2 + + +2 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -169807 + +169807 ), - -ca -30 km + +ca +30 km E of Port Elisabeth , -sieved litter of dune scrub +sieved litter of dune scrub , - - -17 + + +17 .i. -1989 +1989 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué . - - + + Comments: Until now, this species has been reported as being known from the female only and from a few localities in South Africa (Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b ; Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 ). Caporiacco ( -1947 +1947 ) reported a single male of - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana collected from East Africa (Pangani), but provided no illustration or description of this male. It remains unclear how the latter author could match the single male he studied with - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana described from a single female by Simon ( -1900 +1900 ). The problem of what species was reported by Caporiacco under the name - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana requires further attention. - - + + Figs 14–16. - -Cyrba nigrimana + +Cyrba nigrimana Simon, 1900 from South Africa (♂ – Port Elisabeth; ♀ – Limpopo, Little Leigh), general appearance: (14, 15) male, ventral and dorsal views; (16) female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm. - + The male of - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana ( - + Figs -17–20 +17–20 ) is most similar (almost identical) to that of - -Cyrba boveyi + +Cyrba boveyi , described by Lessert ( -1933 +1933 ) from a single male and redescribed on the basis of both sexes by Wanless ( -1984 -b +1984 +b , figs -10 -A +10 +A – -L +L ). The latter author only provisionally matched the male of - -C. boveyi + +C. boveyi with the female from Kenya, which was selected because of its ‘most unusual epigyne’ (Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b : -465 +465 ). The males of both species seem to differ in the slightly different shape of the tibial apophysis and of the sclerotied lobe M -2 +2 ( -sensu +sensu Wanless -1984 -a +1984 +a ). Furthermore, the male of - -C. boveyi + +C. boveyi has its body covered with bright orange hairs (see Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 , fig. -238 +238 ), as in - -C. simoni + +C. simoni , whereas the male of - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana is otherwise ( -Figs 14, 15 +Figs 14, 15 ). We have matched the male and females of - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana on the basis of their virtually identical body colouration ( - + Figs -14–16 +14–16 ). However, this matching must be considered provisional until a sample containing both sexes has been collected. diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFF92FDEFB49FBBFD2F4.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFF92FDEFB49FBBFD2F4.xml index a98fe7ac8cf..ca1dc78a6fe 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFF92FDEFB49FBBFD2F4.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFF92FDEFB49FBBFD2F4.xml @@ -1,961 +1,961 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Cyrba lineata + + + + + +Cyrba lineata Wanless, -1984 +1984 - - - + + + Figs -1–13 +1–13 - - - -Cyrba lineata + + + +Cyrba lineata : Wanless -1984 +1984 -b +b : -465–468 +465–468 , figs -13 +13 A–H; Wesołowska -2006 +2006 : -618 +618 , figs -1–5 +1–5 (sub - -C. armata + +C. armata ); - + Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 : -26–27 +26–27 , figs 24, -25, 239 +25, 239 . - -Description: - - -Male + +Description: + + +Male (from Blyderivier Canyon, Botanic Reserve). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.80 +2.80 , width -1.70 +1.70 , height at PLE -1.40 +1.40 . Ocular area: length 1.00, width anteriorly -1.20 +1.20 , width posteriorly -1.10 +1.10 . Diameter of -AME -0.45 +AME +0.45 . Abdomen: length -2.90 +2.90 , width -1.70 +1.70 . Clypeal height: -0.15 +0.15 . Cheliceral length: -0.80 +0.80 . Length of leg segments: I -1.65 +1.65 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.20 +1.20 + -1.10 +1.10 + -0.65 +0.65 ; II -1.45 +1.45 + -0.80 +0.80 + -1.05 +1.05 + -1.05 +1.05 + -0.60 +0.60 ; III -1.50 +1.50 + -0.70 +0.70 +1.00+1.00+ -0.60 +0.60 ; IV -1.85 +1.85 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.60 +1.60 + -1.85 +1.85 + -0.70 +0.70 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb pr -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 -0 - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; II Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -0-1 +0-1 -0 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -1 +1 ap - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1-5 +1-5 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr -0-1 +0-1 - -2 +2 ap rt -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap; IV Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -1 +1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 +1 - - -1 + +1 v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap or -1 +1 - -1-2 +1-2 ap. - -Colouration + +Colouration ( -Figs 4, 5 +Figs 4, 5 ): Carapace yellow-brown, with yellow-white ocular area and black around eyes, covered with brown narrow scales. White scales above anterior row of eyes. Sternum yellow. Clypeus yellow, covered with white hairs. Chelicerae yellow, covered with short brown hairs. Abdomen: dorsum brown, covered with brown hairs and scales, and with a narrow medial yellow stripe ( -Figs 4 +Figs 4 , -10 +10 ); sides and venter yellow. All legs yellow, but metatarsi and tarsi dark brown; all segments covered with brown scales. Palpal femora and patella yellow, covered with white hairs; tibia and cymbium brown, covered with dark brown hairs. Palpal structure as in - + Figs -6–9 +6–9 . - -Female + +Female (from Blyderivier Canyon, Botanic Reserve). - -Measurements + +Measurements : Carapace: length -2.90 +2.90 , width 2.00, height at PLE -1.45 +1.45 . Ocular area: length -1.20 +1.20 , width anteriorly -1.90 +1.90 , width posteriorly -1.80 +1.80 . Diameter of -AME -0.65 +AME +0.65 . Abdomen: length -2.90–4.40 +2.90–4.40 , width -2.1–2.60 +2.1–2.60 . Clypeal height: -0.15 +0.15 . Cheliceral length: -0.90 +0.90 . Length of leg segments: I -1.60 +1.60 + -0.95 +0.95 + -1.15 +1.15 + -1.10 +1.10 + -0.65 +0.65 ; II -1.50 +1.50 +1.00+ -1.05 +1.05 +1.00+ -0.45 +0.45 ; III -1.50 +1.50 + -0.85 +0.85 + -1.10 +1.10 + -1.15 +1.15 + -0.60 +0.60 ; IV -1.90 +1.90 + -0.90 +0.90 + -1.75 +1.75 + -1.90 +1.90 + -0.70 +0.70 . - -Leg spination + +Leg spination : I Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Tb - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; II Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Tb - + v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; III Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Pt pr & rt -1 +1 , Tb d -0-1 +0-1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt d -1 +1 -0 pr and rt -0-1 +0-1 - -2 +2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -2 +2 ap; IV Fm d -1 +1 - -1-4 +1-4 , Pt pr and rt -1 +1 , Tb d -1 +1 - -0-1 +0-1 pr and rt -1 +1 - -1 - +1 + v -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap, Mt pr and rt -1-2 +1-2 - -2 +2 ap - + v -2 +2 - -0-2 +0-2 ap. - - + + Figs 1–5. - -Cyrba lineata + +Cyrba lineata Wanless, 1984 from South Africa (Limpopo, Little Leigh), general appearance: (1, 2) female, dorsal view; (3) ditto, ventral view; (4, 5) male, dorsal view and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -Colouration + +Colouration ( - + Figs -1–3 +1–3 ): Carapace yellow-brown, with black around eyes, covered with brown narrow scales. White scales above anterior row of eyes. Sternum yellow to brown-yellow. Clypeus yellow-brown to brown, covered with short white hairs. Chelicerae yellow-brown. Abdomen yellow-grey, but dorsum dark brown, covered with brown hairs and scales and with narrow medial yellow stripe ( -Figs 1, 2 +Figs 1, 2 ). Book lungs grey. Spinnerets brown. All legs yellow-brown, but tibiae and metatarsi brown; all segments covered with brown scales. Palpal femora and patellae yellow; tibiae and cymbium brown. Epigyne and spermathecae as in - + Figs -11–13 +11–13 . - - + + Figs 6–13. - -Cyrba lineata + +Cyrba lineata Wanless, 1984 from South Africa (Blyderivier Canyon, Botanic Reserve): (6) male palp, ventral view; (7) ditto, median view; (8) tibial apophysis, dorsal view; (9) ditto, retrolateral view; (10), male, dorsal view; (11) epigyne, ventral view; (12) spermathecae, dorsal view; (13) diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Scale bars: (6–9, 11, 12) 0.1mm, (10) 1 mm. - - - -Holotype + + + +Holotype (examined): -♀ +♀ (without the epigyne) -SOUTH AFRICA +SOUTH AFRICA : - -KwaZulu-Natal + +KwaZulu-Natal : -Pinetown (Durban) +Pinetown (Durban) , -ca - -29 +ca + +29 ° -48 +48 'S : - -30 + +30 ° -54 +54 'E , - - + + iii. -1979 +1979 , -M.E. Baddeley +M.E. Baddeley ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -152164 + +152164 ) . - + Other material examined: - -SOUTH AFRICA + +SOUTH AFRICA : - -Limpopo + +Limpopo : - -2 + +2 ♀ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 /2167, 2009/ -2164 +2164 ), -Little Leigh +Little Leigh , - -22 + +22 ° -94 +94 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -86 +86 'E , -leaf litter sifting +leaf litter sifting , gallery forest, - - -19 + + +19 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -N. Hahn +N. Hahn ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2165 +2165 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -93 +93 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -88 +88 'E , -leaf litter sifting +leaf litter sifting , - -Pterocarpus rotundifolius + +Pterocarpus rotundifolius , - - -22 + + +22 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -S. Foord +S. Foord ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2169 +2169 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -94 +94 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -86 +86 'E , below the knee, gallery forest, - - -19 + + +19 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -S. Foord +S. Foord ; - - -3 + + +3 ♂ - -2 + +2 ♀ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 /2168, 2009/2170, 2009/ -2166 +2166 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -94 +94 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -86 +86 'E , -leaf litter sifting +leaf litter sifting , gallery forest, - - -19 + + +19 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -E. Stam +E. Stam & -N. Hahn +N. Hahn ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2163 +2163 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -93 +93 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -89 +89 'E , below the knee, - -Burkea africana + +Burkea africana , - - -20 + + +20 .iii. -2006 +2006 , -S. Foord +S. Foord ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -NCA +NCA , - -2009 + +2009 / -2162 +2162 ), same locality, - -22 + +22 ° -94 +94 'S : - -29 + +29 ° -86 +86 'E , -sifting +sifting , gallery forest, -38795 +38795 , -S. Spengler +S. Spengler ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -210122 + +210122 ), -Blyderivier Canyon, Botanic Reserve +Blyderivier Canyon, Botanic Reserve , - -24 + +24 ° -16 +16 'S : - -30 + +30 ° -50 +50 'E , dry river bed, under stones, - - -7 + + +7 .iv. -2001 +2001 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -210136 + +210136 ), same locality, swampy woodland, -sieved litter +sieved litter , - - -9 + + +9 .iv. -2001 +2001 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -210156 + +210156 ), same locality, on outside wall of house, - - -5 + + +5 .iv. -2001 +2001 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué . - - + + Distribution: To date, the species has been known only from South Africa (Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b ; Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 ; present work). - - + + Comments:The species has an easily recognizable epigyne, particularly the acute lobes of its rear edge and a pair of well-marked epigynal pockets (see Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b , figs -13 -F +13 +F , -G +G ). The samples examined by us contain both sexes collected together and therefore we are able to confirm the synonymy of - -C. armata + +C. armata Wesołowska, -2006 +2006 with - -C. lineata + +C. lineata proposed by Wesołowska & Haddad ( -2009 +2009 ; cf. - + Figs -6–9 +6–9 and figs -3–5 in +3–5 in Wesołowska -2006 +2006 ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2C2DFDEFFC93D382.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2C2DFDEFFC93D382.xml index 5705b6fadac..b33e25e5fab 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2C2DFDEFFC93D382.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2C2DFDEFFC93D382.xml @@ -1,76 +1,76 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - + + + + Genus - -Cyrba + +Cyrba Simon, -1876 +1876 - - - -Cyrba + + + +Cyrba is a small genus consisting of -11 +11 valid species (Platnick -2009 +2009 ), of which the majority (nine species) are known from the Afrotropical region (Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b ; Platnick -2009 +2009 ). Here we provide additional faunistic records for four species, redescribe - -C. lineata + +C. lineata and describe the unknown male for - -C. nigrimana + +C. nigrimana . diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2FCBFD3EFBC4D51F.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2FCBFD3EFBC4D51F.xml index 4f7e51c871f..404840408d2 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2FCBFD3EFBC4D51F.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F16FFFFC2FCBFD3EFBC4D51F.xml @@ -1,367 +1,367 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Cyrba legendrei + + + + + +Cyrba legendrei Wanless, -1984 +1984 - - - - -Cyrba legendrei + + + + +Cyrba legendrei : Wanless -1984 +1984 -b +b : -458–461 +458–461 , figs -9 +9 A–J . - - + + Material examined: - -MADAGASCAR + +MADAGASCAR : - -1 + +1 ♂ - -2 + +2 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -201543 + +201543 ), -Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona] +Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona] , -ca - -17 +ca + +17 ° -40 +40 'S : - -49 + +49 ° -31 +31 'E , forest on clay, - - + + ix. -1994 +1994 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -200308 + +200308 ), same locality, ‘forest on sand, -sieved moss’ +sieved moss’ , - - -25 + + +25 .xi. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -207108 + +207108 ), same locality, forest on sand, - - + + x. -2004 +2004 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -177786 + +177786 ), same locality, forest on sand, - - -17 + + +17 .xi. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -201678 + +201678 ), same locality, forest on sand, - - + + vii. -1994 +1994 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -3 + + +3 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -207058 + +207058 ), same locality, forest on sand, litter, - - + + xi. -1994 +1994 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -2 + + +2 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -201773 + +201773 ), same locality, forest on clay, - - + + vii. -1994 +1994 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -2 + + +2 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -177897 + +177897 ), same locality, - -Asplenium + +Asplenium forest, - - + + xii. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -206482 + +206482 ), -Tamatave [= Toamasina], Manakambahiny nr Vavaténe [= Vavatenina] +Tamatave [= Toamasina], Manakambahiny nr Vavaténe [= Vavatenina] , -ca - -17 +ca + +17 ° -27 +27 'S : - -49 + +49 ° -21 +21 'E , forest, - - + + ii. -1995 +1995 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -209091 + +209091 ), -Ambatolampy +Ambatolampy , -ca - -19 +ca + +19 ° -23 +23 'S : - -47 + +47 ° -26 +26 'E , - - + + iv. -1999 +1999 , -Van Esbroeck +Van Esbroeck . - - + + Distribution: To date, the species has been known from Madagascar and the Comoros only (Wanless -1984 -b +1984 +b ). New records clarify the species’ distribution in Madagascar. diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE2FBF5FC77D424.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE2FBF5FC77D424.xml index 52943169373..bb2a8f86770 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE2FBF5FC77D424.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE2FBF5FC77D424.xml @@ -1,198 +1,198 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Portia schultzi + + + + + +Portia schultzi Karsch, -1878 +1878 - - - -Portia schultzi + + + +Portia schultzi : Karsch -1878 +1878 : -774 +774 ; Wanless -1978 +1978 : -88–90 +88–90 , figs -1 +1 A–G; Wesołowska & Cumming -2008 +2008 : -207 +207 , figs -131–134 +131–134 . - - + + Material examined: - -MADAGASCAR + +MADAGASCAR : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -200468 + +200468 ), -Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona] +Tamatave [= Toamasina], Foulpointe [= Mahavelona] , -ca - -19 +ca + +19 ° -36 +36 'S : - -48 + +48 ° -13 +13 'E , forest on sand soil, - -Pandanus + +Pandanus -bog, - - -10 + + +10 .xi. -1993 +1993 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -206578 + +206578 ), same locality, -Analalava +Analalava , -ca - -19 +ca + +19 ° -46 +46 'S : - -46 + +46 °08'E , - - + + iv. -1995 +1995 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly ; - - -1 + + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -207056 + +207056 ), same locality, forest on sand, litter, - - + + xi. -1994 +1994 , -A. Pauly +A. Pauly . - - + + Distribution: The species is known from tropical Africa, from Guinea in the west to Madagascar in the east (Murphy & Murphy -1983 +1983 ; Logunov & Azarkina -2007 +2007 ; Wesołowska & Cumming -2008 +2008 ; Wesołowska & Haddad -2009 +2009 ; present data). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE9FD28FCDDD549.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE9FD28FCDDD549.xml index 362e65b28b6..4bcae96da85 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE9FD28FCDDD549.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FE9FD28FCDDD549.xml @@ -1,222 +1,222 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Portia africana + + + + + +Portia africana (Simon, -1886 +1886 ) - - - -Linus africanus + + + +Linus africanus Simon, -1886 +1886 : -393 +393 . - - -Portia africana + + +Portia africana (Simon) : Wanless -1978 +1978 : -93–96 +93–96 , figs -4 +4 A–E, -5 +5 A, B, F, J. - - + + Material examined: - -IVORY COAST + +IVORY COAST : - -1 + +1 ♂ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -177618 + +177618 ), -Appouesso +Appouesso , forêt classée de la Bossematié, -ca - -6 +ca + +6 ° -35 +35 'N : - -3 + +3 ° -28 +28 'W , forest edge, between buttresses, - -160 m + +160 m , - - -14 + + +14 .xi. -1993 +1993 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué ; - - -3 + + +3 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -201103 + +201103 ), -Adiopo Doumé, Orstom +Adiopo Doumé, Orstom , -ca - -5 +ca + +5 ° -20 +20 'N : - -4 + +4 ° -20 +20 'W , around buildings, - - -12 + + +12 .xi. -1994 +1994 , -R. Jocqué +R. Jocqué . - -GHANA + +GHANA : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -MRAC +MRAC , - -217937 + +217937 ), -Kakum forest +Kakum forest , - -5 + +5 ° -20 +20 'N : - -1 + +1 ° -23 +23 'W , primary forest, -fogging +fogging , - - -25 + + +25 .xi. -2005 +2005 , -Jocqué R., De Bakker D. & Baert L +Jocqué R., De Bakker D. & Baert L . - - + + Distribution: This is a widespread central African species, known from Ivory Coast and Ghana (present data) in the west to Ethiopia in the east (Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz -2008 +2008 ), and southward to Angola and Zambia (Wanless -1978 +1978 ). diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FFBFDDAFBD9D3FF.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FFBFDDAFBD9D3FF.xml index a968f17b8ec..2dfa95a8723 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FFBFDDAFBD9D3FF.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17CFFEF2FFBFDDAFBD9D3FF.xml @@ -1,78 +1,78 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - + + + + Genus - -Portia + +Portia Karsch, -1878 +1878 - - + + The genus - -Portia + +Portia consists of -17 +17 described species (Platnick -2009 +2009 ), distributed mostly in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Wanless 1978, 1984 -a +a ; Murphy & Murphy -1983 +1983 ), but also in the southern regions of the Palaearctic region (Jastrzębski -1997 +1997 ; Song -et al +et al . -1999 +1999 ). Here we provide new faunistic records for two Afrotropical species of - -Portia + +Portia . diff --git a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17FFFEF2C75FC55FD39D0AF.xml b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17FFFEF2C75FC55FD39D0AF.xml index b02c8e23365..511d81e0ebc 100644 --- a/data/03/92/37/03923757F17FFFEF2C75FC55FD39D0AF.xml +++ b/data/03/92/37/03923757F17FFFEF2C75FC55FD39D0AF.xml @@ -1,175 +1,175 @@ - - - -New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa + + + +New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Azarkina, Galina N. +Azarkina, Galina N. - - -Author + + +Author -Logunov, Dmitri V. +Logunov, Dmitri V. -text - - -African Invertebrates +text + + +African Invertebrates - -2010 - -51 + +2010 + +51 - -1 + +1 - -163 -182 + +163 +182 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0103 - - - - - -Meleon + + + + + +Meleon sp. - - - + + + Figs -70–72 +70–72 - - + + Material examined: - -UGANDA + +UGANDA : - -1 + +1 ♀ ( -ZFMK +ZFMK , - + Ar -1444 +1444 ), -Budongo Forest +Budongo Forest , - -1 + +1 ° -45 +45 'N : - -31 + +31 ° -25 +25 'E , swamp forest, - -Teclea nobilis + +Teclea nobilis , wet season, - - -11–20 + + +11–20 .vii. -1995 +1995 , -T. Wagner +T. Wagner . - - + + Comments: This ♀ cannot be reliably identified or described as a new species. On the basis of its copulatory organs ( - + Fig. -70 +70 ), it is most close to, but clearly distinct from, - -M. solitaria + +M. solitaria ( -sensu +sensu Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 ) . It can be easily distinguished from the ♀ -holotype +holotype of - -P. solitaria + +P. solitaria by the ovoid shape of the spermathecae (cf. -Figs 71, 72 +Figs 71, 72 and figs -4–6 in +4–6 in Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 ). However, the current conception of the latter species is based on the assumption that the ♀ -holotype +holotype of - -Portia solitaria + +Portia solitaria from Zaire and the ♂ -holotype +holotype of - -Portia falsifera + +Portia falsifera Wanless, -1978 +1978 from Uganda belong to the same species (see Wijesinghe -1994 +1994 : -60 +60 ). On the contrary, it is very likely that our ♀ from Uganda and the ♂ -holotype +holotype of - -P. falsifera + +P. falsifera belong to the same taxon. If so, the latter name should be revalidated and removed from the synonymy with - -M. solitaria + +M. solitaria . Thus, the studied ♀ belongs either to - -M. falsifera + +M. falsifera or to a new species. The matter can be finally decided when a sample of - -M. falsifera + +M. falsifera with both sexes has been collected. diff --git a/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFC3BC861FB6F.xml b/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFC3BC861FB6F.xml index 5cb69e80ea7..d4b57afd4f9 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFC3BC861FB6F.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFC3BC861FB6F.xml @@ -1,49 +1,50 @@ - - - -New records of Dipsocoromorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Argentina + + + +New records of Dipsocoromorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Argentina - - -Author + + +Author -Dellapé, Pablo Matías +Dellapé, Pablo Matías - - -Author + + +Author -Carpintero, Diego Leonardo +Carpintero, Diego Leonardo - - -Author + + +Author -Melo, María Cecilia +Melo, María Cecilia -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2010 - -2436 + +2010 + +2436 - -57 -64 + +57 +64 -journal article -10.5281/zenodo.194836 -f4dad4c5-6a14-4ed3-aeb8-c6d59c10eb98 -1175-5326 -194836 +journal article +48314 +10.5281/zenodo.194836 +f4dad4c5-6a14-4ed3-aeb8-c6d59c10eb98 +1175-5326 +194836 - + @@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ - + Prostemma luteiceps Walker 1873 diff --git a/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFF5ECF65FD84.xml b/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFF5ECF65FD84.xml index e15e5c12424..20e8ac5ca3c 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFF5ECF65FD84.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/B8/03D5B87F5A64FFEABBEEFF5ECF65FD84.xml @@ -1,49 +1,50 @@ - - - -New records of Dipsocoromorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Argentina + + + +New records of Dipsocoromorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Argentina - - -Author + + +Author -Dellapé, Pablo Matías +Dellapé, Pablo Matías - - -Author + + +Author -Carpintero, Diego Leonardo +Carpintero, Diego Leonardo - - -Author + + +Author -Melo, María Cecilia +Melo, María Cecilia -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2010 - -2436 + +2010 + +2436 - -57 -64 + +57 +64 -journal article -10.5281/zenodo.194836 -f4dad4c5-6a14-4ed3-aeb8-c6d59c10eb98 -1175-5326 -194836 +journal article +48314 +10.5281/zenodo.194836 +f4dad4c5-6a14-4ed3-aeb8-c6d59c10eb98 +1175-5326 +194836 - + @@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ - + Prostemma moritzii Stein 1860 diff --git a/data/0E/5F/14/0E5F140C488BC1F779F990B08B33C56E.xml b/data/0E/5F/14/0E5F140C488BC1F779F990B08B33C56E.xml index b94b696f74d..a24a06cc39e 100644 --- a/data/0E/5F/14/0E5F140C488BC1F779F990B08B33C56E.xml +++ b/data/0E/5F/14/0E5F140C488BC1F779F990B08B33C56E.xml @@ -1,248 +1,248 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis rigida (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 251. 1840. Deyeuxia rigida Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 144. 1815[1816]. Arundo rigida (Kunth) Poir., Encycl. 4: 705. 1816. -Fig. 5 G, H + + + +Calamagrostis rigida (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 251. 1840. Deyeuxia rigida Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 144. 1815[1816]. Arundo rigida (Kunth) Poir., Encycl. 4: 705. 1816. +Fig. 5 G, H - - -Type. + + +Type. ECUADOR. In planitie frigida Antisanae [inter speluncam, Machay de Antisana], et Chussulongo, 2200 hexap. (4023 m alt.)], Regni Quitensi [Pichincha], 1833, A.J.A. Bonpland 2271 [s.n.] (holotype: P (P00729827 [image!]); isotypes: BM (BM000938560 [image!]), GH (GH00023418 [image!]) fragm., LE (LE-TRIN-1804.01!) fragm. ex Herb. Humb., P (P00129585 [image!], P00740362 [image!], P026296 [image!]), US (US00406356!) fragm., W???). - + = -Deyeuxia gracilis +Deyeuxia gracilis Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 22: 179. 1875. -Calamagrostis gracilis +Calamagrostis gracilis (Wedd.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 71. 1908. -Calamagrostis gracilis +Calamagrostis gracilis (Wedd.) Henrard, Mede. Rijks-Herb. 40: 61. 1921, nom. illeg. hom. Type: BOLIVIA. Province de Larecaja, Cordillera de Sorata, 1851 [1857], Weddell s.n. (holotype: P (P00729786 [image!]); isotypes: P (P030111 [image!]), S (S-R-1458 [image!]), US (US00479086!, US00479087!)). - + = -Deyeuxia sulcata +Deyeuxia sulcata Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 22: 178-180. 1875. Type: BOLIVIA. Prov. Larecaja, viciniis Sorata [Andes de Sorata], Puerta del Inca, prope trincheras Chiliata, in Scopulosos, Reg. Alp., 3800 m alt., Mar. [Apr.] 1858 [1868], G. Mandon 1308 bis. (holotype P; isotypes: GH (GH00023431 [image!]), JE (JE00014185 [image!]) fragm., L (L0044085 [image!], L0044083 [image!]), NY (NY380547 [image!]), P (P030105 [image!]), S (S-R-1469 [image!]), US (US00149252!) fragm.). - + = -Calamagrostis antoniana +Calamagrostis antoniana Steud. ex Lechler, Berberid. Amer. Austr. 56. 1857, nom. nud. - + = -Agrostis antoniana +Agrostis antoniana Griseb., Abh. -Koenigl +Koenigl . Ges. Wiss. -Goettingen +Goettingen 24: 293. 1879. -Calamagrostis antoniana +Calamagrostis antoniana (Griseb.) Hack. ex -Dusen +Dusen , Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, Botany, Suppl. 8: 42. 1915. -Calamagrostis antoniana +Calamagrostis antoniana (Griseb.) Steud. ex Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24(8): 378. 1927. -Deyeuxia antoniana +Deyeuxia antoniana (Griseb.) Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 14. 1953. -Calamagrostis antoniana +Calamagrostis antoniana (Griseb.) D.M. Moore, Fl. Tierra del Fuego 310. 1983, comb. illeg. hom. Type: ARGENTINA: Salta: Umgebung des Nevado del Castillo [Alrededores del Nevado del Castillo], 10-13000 ft [3048-3962 m alt.], 19-23 Mar. 1873, P.G. Lorentz & G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 67 + 72 (lectotype, designated here: GOET (GOET006107 [image!]); isolectotypes: GOET (GOET006106 [image!], GOET006108 [image!]); P.G. Lorentz & G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 67 isolectotypes: BAA (BAA00001327 [image!]) fragm., CORD (CORD00004685 [image!], CORD00004686 [image!]); P.G. Lorentz & G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 72 isolectotypes: BAA (BAA00001326 [image!]) fragm., CORD (CORD00004687 [image!], CORD00004688 [image!], CORD00004689 [image!]), K [cited by - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 : 208, but not seen], US (US00406312!, US00406404!)). Other original material: BOLIVIA [PERU]. Viciniis Sorata, prope Milipaya, in scopulosis, reg. alpina, 3700 m alt., Mar.-May 1861, G. Mandon 1308 (GOET (GOET006230 [image!])). PERU. In graminosis pr. San Antonio rara, Jun. [1854], [W. Lechler s.n.], W. Lechler Pl. Peruv. 1800 (BAA (BAA00001648 [image!]) fragm., BR (BR0000006865757 [image!]), G (G00099542 [image!], G00099543 [image!]), GOET (GOET006109 [image!]), K (K000308438 [image!]), LE (LE00009360 [image!], LE00009361 [image!]), M?, P (P00729795 [image!], P00729844 [image!], P00740472 [image!]), S (S-R-7637 [image!]), TUB (TUB009259 [image!]), US (US00131135!), W (W1889-0241764 [image!])). - + = -Calamagrostis sandiensis +Calamagrostis sandiensis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 68. 1908. Type: PERU. Prope Cuyocuyo, provincia Sandia, 3700-3800 m alt., 3 May 1902, Weberbauer 906 (lectotype, designated by - + Vega and -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar (2013 : 28): MOL; isolectotypes: BAA (BAA00000768 [image!] fragm. ex B, S (S-R-834 [image!]), US (US00149279!) fragm.). - + = -Calamagrostis gusindei +Calamagrostis gusindei Pilg. ex Skottsberg, Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 29. 1926. -Deyeuxia gusindei +Deyeuxia gusindei (Pilg ex Skottsb.) Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 20: 14. 1953. Type: CHILE. Feuerland, Beagle [Beagle Kanal, zwischen (between) Steinen am Ufer; Tierra del Fuego, Remolino, Canal de Beagle], Mar. 1923, P. Gusinde 40 (holotype: BG; isotypes: BAA (BAA00000761 [image!]) fragm., W (W1941-0001573 [image!])). - + = -Deyeuxia crassifolia +Deyeuxia crassifolia Hack. ex Sodiro, Revista Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 12: 64, 73. 1930. Type: ECUADOR. Crece en los pajonales del Monte Pichincha, Sep. [Jun.] 1887 [1886], Sodiro 25/9 [s.n.] (holotype: Q; isotypes: QPSL, S (S-R-1457 [image!]), US (US00406342!), W (W1916-0038065 [image!], W1916-0038066 [image!])). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Previously considered to have its northernmost distribution in Ecuador ( - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 ), although -Luteyn (1999) +Luteyn (1999) mentions its presence in Costa Rica, this is the first record of - -C. rigida + +C. rigida for Colombia. It has been erroneously determined as - -Calamagrostis recta + +Calamagrostis recta (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud. The latter differs from - -C. rigida + +C. rigida by the rachilla hairs reaching up to -3/4 +3/4 the length of the lemma (as opposed to usually reaching to slightly surpassing the lemma apex in - -C. rigida + +C. rigida ), the awns being generally longer (6.2-7.5 mm as opposed to 4-6 mm in - -C. rigida + +C. rigida ) and only slightly surpassing the glumes, the lemma apex being slightly bidentate (as opposed to bifid in - -C. rigida + +C. rigida ) and the ligule being generally truncate and shorter, 1 --5(- +-5(- 6.6) mm long (as opposed to long acuminate, (3 --)8- +-)8- 12 mm long in - -C. rigida + +C. rigida ), amongst other things. - + There has been discrepancy regarding the typification of - -Agrostis antoniana + +Agrostis antoniana , with previous research (e.g. - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 ) citing the specimen P.G. Lorentz and G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 72 housed at CORD herbarium from Argentina as holotype, while the protologue mentions this (although not explicitly giving collector and number) as well as three other collections: Spruce pl. ecuad. 5927 presumably from Ecuador, G. Mandon 1308 from Bolivia [Peru] and W. Lechler 1800 from Peru. A further specimen, P.G. Lorentz and G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 67, makes a total of at least five syntypes for this name, although the three GOET Lorentz and Hieronymus syntypes were annotated by Grisebach with "67 + 72". -Hitchcock (1927) +Hitchcock (1927) gave a partial lectotypification by dictating the type as Lechler 1800, but did not indicate the herbarium. The Lechler 1800 specimen was distributed with the following label annotated by Hohenacker: "W. Lechler Pl. Peruvian. Ed. R. F. Hohenacker 1800 -Calamagrostis +Calamagrostis Antoniana Steud. Ipse ["he himself said it"]. In graminosis pr. San Antonio rara Jun. m.". As no annotations by Grisebach were found on any of the Lechler 1800, Mandon 1308 or Lorentz and Hieronymus 67 and 72 CORD specimens (Spruce pl. ecuad. 5927 specimens not found), with only Lechler 1800 specimens at P being verified by Steudel, we lectotypify to the best of the three GOET Lorentz and Hieronymus 67 + 72 syntypes annotated by Grisebach and consider syntypes Lorentz and Hieronymus 67 and Lorentz and Hieronymus 72 to be isolectotypes. - -Specimens Examined. - + +Specimens Examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Boyaca + +Boyaca : Mun. Chiscas, -paramo +paramo de Chacaritas, asociado a rocas de 4 m de altura, -6°37.3362'N +6°37.3362'N ; -72°23.424'W +72°23.424'W , 4192 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S.P. Sylvester, R.J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L.E. Cuta 3119 (COL, FMB, US, UPTC); Mun. Chiscas, -paramo +paramo de Chacaritas, arribando a la morrena, -6°37.0674'N +6°37.0674'N ; -72°23.3394'W +72°23.3394'W , 4354 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S.P. Sylvester, R.J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L.E. Cuta 3125 (COL, FMB, K, SI, UPTC, US); Mun. Chiscas, -paramo +paramo de Chacaritas, arribando a la morrena, -6°37.0674'N +6°37.0674'N ; -72°23.3394'W +72°23.3394'W , 4354 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S.P. Sylvester, R.J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L.E. Cuta 3126 (US). Dep. Santander: -Paramo +Paramo de la Angostura, Vereda El Mortino, Ubicada en borde de quebrada, -6°57.5'N +6°57.5'N ; -72°43.5'W +72°43.5'W , 3605 m alt., 17 Nov. 2007, M.C. Gomez 1 (US). diff --git a/data/0F/84/4D/0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.xml b/data/0F/84/4D/0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.xml index 567570547ef..a83be3d219f 100644 --- a/data/0F/84/4D/0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.xml +++ b/data/0F/84/4D/0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.xml @@ -1,155 +1,155 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis pisinna Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(6): 257-258. 1948[1949]. -Fig. 5E, F + + + +Calamagrostis pisinna Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(6): 257-258. 1948[1949]. +Fig. 5E, F - -Type. - + +Type. + Venezuela. -Merida +Merida : rocky ridges, higher paramos, near El Gavilon, 4200 m alt., 25 Jan. 1929, H. Pittier 13277-1/2 ( -lectotype, designated here +lectotype, designated here : US (US00149283! [A-two flowering culms are the type, B-on left side of sheet is unknown])). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Previously considered endemic to Venezuela ( -Escalona 1988a +Escalona 1988a ) but specimens have been found in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Specimen -Sylvester 3107 +Sylvester 3107 differed slightly from the species described from Venezuela in that the leaf blades were densely pilose and often found to be conduplicate (Fig. -5E, F +5E, F ). As only one flowering specimen was encountered of this morphotype and specimens being found growing out of fairly inaccessible crag ledges, more collections need to be made to ascertain whether this may be a distinct species. All specimens from the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy have a rachilla extension with hairs that reach or surpass the apex of the floret, while Venezuelan specimens have rachilla hairs which usually do not surpass the apex of the palea ( -Escalona 1988a +Escalona 1988a ). -Saarela et al. (2017) +Saarela et al. (2017) found one of the specimens of - -C. pisinna + +C. pisinna that we cite here ( -Cleef 8653 +Cleef 8653 ) to have an unusual placement in plastid analyses (no nuclear ribosomal data was obtained) as a basally diverging lineage in a moderately to strongly supported clade that also contained - -Lagurus ovatus + +Lagurus ovatus L., -Aveninae +Aveninae s.str., and -Koeleriinae +Koeleriinae excluding - -L. ovatus + +L. ovatus . However, there is a phylogenetic discrepancy between matK and PsbK sequences reported by -Saarela et al. (2017) +Saarela et al. (2017) for - -C. pisinna + +C. pisinna that needs to be evaluated before any taxonomic conclusions can be drawn. -There is a sterile tuft on the left side of the Pittier type sheet that is a different species and quite possibly a different genus, having acicular involute blades and longer acute ligules that are decurrent (p.p. b). Thus, we lectotypify to the two flowering tufts on the right side of the type sheet (p.p. a), which are identical and fit the description in the type protologue. +There is a sterile tuft on the left side of the Pittier type sheet that is a different species and quite possibly a different genus, having acicular involute blades and longer acute ligules that are decurrent (p.p. b). Thus, we lectotypify to the two flowering tufts on the right side of the type sheet (p.p. a), which are identical and fit the description in the type protologue. - -Specimens examined. - + +Specimens examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Boyaca + +Boyaca : Mun. Chiscas, -paramo +paramo de Chacaritas, limit between -paramo +paramo and -superparamo +superparamo , growing out of rock ledge, -6°37.6794'N +6°37.6794'N ; -72°23.6616'W +72°23.6616'W , 4072 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S.P. Sylvester, R.J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L.E. Cuta 3107 (US); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, -Paramo -Concavo +Paramo +Concavo , Cueva de los Hombres, 3 km N del Morro -Pulpito +Pulpito del Diablo, 4350 m alt., 28 Feb. 1973, A. Cleef 8610 (US-01234789); 4350 m alt., A. Cleef 8653 (US-01234736). diff --git a/data/26/7A/E3/267AE3975A7FA65EADEA579027214FE2.xml b/data/26/7A/E3/267AE3975A7FA65EADEA579027214FE2.xml index f55cb45219e..f04774d9004 100644 --- a/data/26/7A/E3/267AE3975A7FA65EADEA579027214FE2.xml +++ b/data/26/7A/E3/267AE3975A7FA65EADEA579027214FE2.xml @@ -1,106 +1,106 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis spruceana (Wedd.) Hack. ex Sodiro, Gram. Ecuator. (Anal. Univ. Quito) 3(25): 481. 1889. Deyeuxia spruceana Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 178, 180. 1875. Deyeuxia toluccensis Munro ex Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 180. 1875, nom. inval. + + + +Calamagrostis spruceana (Wedd.) Hack. ex Sodiro, Gram. Ecuator. (Anal. Univ. Quito) 3(25): 481. 1889. Deyeuxia spruceana Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 178, 180. 1875. Deyeuxia toluccensis Munro ex Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 180. 1875, nom. inval. - -Type. -ECUADOR. [without precise locality], 1859, Jameson s.n. [#59] (holotype: P (P00740364 [image!])). + +Type. +ECUADOR. [without precise locality], 1859, Jameson s.n. [#59] (holotype: P (P00740364 [image!])). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Known only from the type collected in Ecuador, the identity of this taxon remains ambiguous. - -Calamagrostis spruceana + +Calamagrostis spruceana bears similarities to - -C. macrophylla + +C. macrophylla , -C. secunda +C. secunda and - -C. macrostachya + +C. macrostachya due to its open inflorescence, short hairs of the callus, rachilla hairs not reaching the apex of the palea and awn inserted slightly above the middle of the lemma ( -Sodiro 1930 +Sodiro 1930 : 70; Zulma -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar, pers. comm.). diff --git a/data/3B/E3/1A/3BE31AF4AA5AC5A372B2B37BC98A1985.xml b/data/3B/E3/1A/3BE31AF4AA5AC5A372B2B37BC98A1985.xml index 36f192d0d24..782863d15ae 100644 --- a/data/3B/E3/1A/3BE31AF4AA5AC5A372B2B37BC98A1985.xml +++ b/data/3B/E3/1A/3BE31AF4AA5AC5A372B2B37BC98A1985.xml @@ -1,183 +1,183 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis planifolia (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 251. 1840. Deyeuxia planifolia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 145. 1815[1816]. Arundo planifolia (Kunth) Poir., Encycl. 4: 707. 1816. + + + +Calamagrostis planifolia (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 251. 1840. Deyeuxia planifolia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 145. 1815[1816]. Arundo planifolia (Kunth) Poir., Encycl. 4: 707. 1816. - - -Type. + + +Type. PERU. In montanis Andinum Peruvianorum prope Guangamarca, 1250 hexap. [2286 m], 1833, Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P (P00729787 [image!]); isotype: BAA (BAA00001855 [image!]) fragm. ex P, P (P030106 [image!]) fragm., LE (LE-TRIN-1801.01!) fragm. ex Herb. Willd. 176). - + = -Deyeuxia pubescens +Deyeuxia pubescens Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25(5): 712. 1898, syn. nov. -Calamagrostis pubescens +Calamagrostis pubescens (Pilg.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 60. 1908, syn. nov. Type: COLOMBIA. [Crescit in monte ignivomo Pasto] -Volcan +Volcan de Pasto, 3400 m alt., 9 Dec. 1869, -Stuebel +Stuebel 389b (lectotype, designated by - + Vega and -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar (2013 : 28): BAA (BAA00000811 [image!]) fragm. ex B; isolectotype: US (US00406355!) fragm. ex B). - + = -Calamagrostis pittieri +Calamagrostis pittieri Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52(3): 108. 1902, syn. nov. Type: COSTA RICA. Cerro de Buena Vista, pres du sommit, [prope cacumen, Valle du General], 3100 m alt., 19 Jan. 1891, Pittier s.n. Pl. Costaric. Exs. 3359 (holotype: W (W19160029198 [image!]); isotypes: B, BR (BR0000006865702 [image!]), BAA (BAA00000766 [image!]) fragm. ex B). - -Comments. - - -Calamagrostis pittieri + +Comments. + + +Calamagrostis pittieri , recorded for Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela ( - + Morales -Quiros +Quiros 2003 ; -Hokche et al. 2008 +Hokche et al. 2008 ; - -Giraldo-Canas + +Giraldo-Canas 2011 , -2013 +2013 ; - -Giraldo-Canas + +Giraldo-Canas et al. 2016 ) is synonymised under - -Calamagrostis planifolia + +Calamagrostis planifolia as no satisfactory characteristics were found to separate the two. Both have spikelets with florets bearing a pilose rachilla extension with hairs reaching from -3/4 +3/4 to passing the apex of the lemma, an awn inserted in the upper half of the lemma, 2 anthers that usually are short, ca. 1-1.4 mm long and leaf blades that are usually flat (sometimes drying convolute) with variable indumentum. - - -Calamagrostis pubescens + + +Calamagrostis pubescens was considered an endemic species to Colombia ( - + Giraldo- -Canas +Canas 2013 ) and only known from the type specimen that was collected in southern Colombia from hills surrounding Pasto of departamento Narino. The B holotype was destroyed during World War II, with fragments only remaining at BAA and US. The BAA fragment consists of spikelets whose size and characteristics match - -C. planifolia + +C. planifolia (Zulma -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar, pers. comm.), and the description of vegetative characteristics in the protologue also matches - -C. planifolia + +C. planifolia and so we consider - -C. pubescens + +C. pubescens a synonym of - -C. planifolia + +C. planifolia . Nevertheless, further study is needed for the - -C. planifolia + +C. planifolia complex in Colombia and there are certain crucial characters, such as number of stamens that need to be verified in these taxa. The - -C. pubescens + +C. pubescens BAA fragment lacked anthers (Zulma -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar, pers. comm.) and -Pilger (1898 +Pilger (1898 : 712) did not describe them. diff --git a/data/55/13/B5/5513B5359B1CEE0DA8FE02C32B8760B5.xml b/data/55/13/B5/5513B5359B1CEE0DA8FE02C32B8760B5.xml index d358616d4f6..c2f9b152c45 100644 --- a/data/55/13/B5/5513B5359B1CEE0DA8FE02C32B8760B5.xml +++ b/data/55/13/B5/5513B5359B1CEE0DA8FE02C32B8760B5.xml @@ -1,118 +1,118 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - + + + " -Calamagrostis sp. A" (Dorr 2014: 221). +Calamagrostis sp. A" (Dorr 2014: 221). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + This taxon was first noted as " - -Calamagrostis chaseae + +Calamagrostis chaseae auct., non Luces" by -Dorr et al. (2000 +Dorr et al. (2000 [2001]: 56) and subsequently called " - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis sp. A" in the Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons ( -Dorr 2014 +Dorr 2014 ) but its identity remains ambiguous and needs further study. The species habit is noted as stoloniferous, a habit not known from - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis or - -Deschampsia + +Deschampsia , which are tufted or very-short rhizomatous and tussock-forming. The mention of short spikelets (3-4.4 mm long), florets (appearing to) almost reach or equal the length of the glumes and 1-veined upper glumes in the brief description by -Dorr (2014 +Dorr (2014 : 221) makes it possible that this taxon belongs to - -Podagrostis + +Podagrostis or - -Agrostis + +Agrostis , although mention of a puberulent callus and presence of a fairly long awn (3.5-6 mm long) makes it less likely that this species is a - -Podagrostis + +Podagrostis . diff --git a/data/6A/4B/92/6A4B92F8F6CD1FA1B2F2F03526619A6F.xml b/data/6A/4B/92/6A4B92F8F6CD1FA1B2F2F03526619A6F.xml index 7339cfccd52..7454aefe0f9 100644 --- a/data/6A/4B/92/6A4B92F8F6CD1FA1B2F2F03526619A6F.xml +++ b/data/6A/4B/92/6A4B92F8F6CD1FA1B2F2F03526619A6F.xml @@ -1,84 +1,84 @@ - - - -Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) from China: Descriptions of twelve new species + + + +Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) from China: Descriptions of twelve new species - - -Author + + +Author -Du, Zhaohui +Du, Zhaohui - - -Author + + +Author -Wang, Shuxia +Wang, Shuxia -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2013 - -285 + +2013 + +285 - -23 -52 + +23 +52 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4286 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4286 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4286 -1313-2970-285-23 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4286 +1313-2970-285-23 - - - -Promalactis dimolybda Meyrick, 1935 + + + +Promalactis dimolybda Meyrick, 1935 Figs 153038 - - -Promalactis dimolybda + + +Promalactis dimolybda Meyrick, 1935: 78. Type locality: China (Tien-Mu-Shan). - -Material examined. -China,Zhejiang Province: 2 ♂, 33 ♀, Mt. Fengyang, Lishui City, 1470 m, 25−30.VII.2007, coll. Qing Jin. Fujian Province: 19 ♀, Guadun, Mt. Wuyi, 1100 m, 28.VII−2.VIII.2008, coll. Weichun Li, Yongling Sun & Haiyan Bai. Hubei Province: 1 ♀, Houhe, Wufeng County, 1100 m, 11.VII.1999, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide Nos. W00106 ♀, ZL08133 ♂, DZH08042 ♀, DZH08043 ♀, DZH08044 ♂, DZH08046 ♀, DZH12039 ♀, DZH12040 ♀, DZH12112 ♀ (NKU); Sichuan Province: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Wanniansi, Mt. Emei, 14.VI.1979, genitalia slide Nos. DZH12007 ♀, DZH12008 ♂, DZH12041 ♂ (IOZ). + +Material examined. +China,Zhejiang Province: 2 ♂, 33 ♀, Mt. Fengyang, Lishui City, 1470 m, 25−30.VII.2007, coll. Qing Jin. Fujian Province: 19 ♀, Guadun, Mt. Wuyi, 1100 m, 28.VII−2.VIII.2008, coll. Weichun Li, Yongling Sun & Haiyan Bai. Hubei Province: 1 ♀, Houhe, Wufeng County, 1100 m, 11.VII.1999, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide Nos. W00106 ♀, ZL08133 ♂, DZH08042 ♀, DZH08043 ♀, DZH08044 ♂, DZH08046 ♀, DZH12039 ♀, DZH12040 ♀, DZH12112 ♀ (NKU); Sichuan Province: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Wanniansi, Mt. Emei, 14.VI.1979, genitalia slide Nos. DZH12007 ♀, DZH12008 ♂, DZH12041 ♂ (IOZ). - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + This species is similar to -Promalactis taibaiensis +Promalactis taibaiensis Wang, Zheng & Li, 1997, but can be separated by the aedeagus with two apical spines and two cornuti in the male genitalia; the ductus bursae concave ventrally at middle on posterior margin and membranous between posterior 3/5−3/4, and the signum with small distinct or indistinct teeth on posterior end in the female genitalia. In -Promalactis taibaiensis +Promalactis taibaiensis , the aedeagus has four apical spines and one cornutus; the ductus bursae is slightly convex ventrally on posterior margin and entirely sclerotized, and the signum has dense teeth. - -Redescription. - + +Redescription. + Adult (Fig. 15). Wingspan 9.5−11.5 mm. Head with vertex shining white, frons shining leaden grey, occiput yellowish brown. Labial palpus with basal -and +and second segments yellow, third segment dark brown, almost same length as second. Antenna with scape white; flagellum white and black on dorsal surface, dark brown on ventral surface. Thorax and tegula ochreous brown. Forewing ground colour ochreous yellow; a narrow white fascia from costal 1/4 to dorsal 2/5, its inner margin edged with dense black scales, area ochreous brown from inner margin to base; a broad dark grey fascia at 3/5, tinged with black scales, its inner margin straight, outer margin sinuate; a wedge-shaped dark grey fascia from apex of costal margin along termen to end of fold, tinged with black scales; a narrow dark grey band along dorsal margin between two dark fasciae and connected them; cilia yellow, dark grey along distal part of costal margin, grey along distal part of dorsal margin. Hindwing and cilia dark grey. -Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Uncus nearly bell shaped, broad at base, gradually narrowed to 3/5, distal 2/5 slender, rounded at apex, laterally with setae. Gnathos tongue shaped, about 2/3 length of uncus, distal 1/2 scobinate, apex broadly rounded; lateral arm short, band shaped, about 1/3 length of gnathos. Tegumen branched from posterior 1/2, very narrow anteriorly. Valva narrowed and setose distally, apex narrowly rounded and directing dorsad; costa sinuate, concave at base and before apex, projected at middle. Sacculus narrow, slightly concave at basal 3/5 on dorsal margin, distal 2/5 setose; distal 1/5 free, serrate dorsally; apex pointed, directing dorsad, not reaching end of valva. Saccus slender, rod-like, slightly broader at base, rounded at apex, almost as long as valva. Juxta weakly sclerotized, short, with a small, slender awl-shaped basal process; lateral lobes broad, irregularly quadrate, rounded at apex, reaching middle of tegumen. Aedeagus gently curved, dilated distally, with two curved, basally joined distal spines; two joined or separate, spine-like cornuti present at middle: one very small, the other larger, sometimes deciduate. -Female genitalia (Fig. 38). Apophysis anterioris stronger than and about 1/2 length of apophysis posterioris. Ductus bursae about twice length of corpus bursae, posterior margin ventrally concave at middle and protruded laterally, posterior 3/5 sclerotized and sinuate, with some spinules at posterior 3/5, posterior 3/5−3/4 membranous and expanded, anterior 1/4 sclerotized, curved in semi-volute or sinuate; ductus seminalis arising from posterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae rounded; signum small, nearly oval or rhombic, with small distinct or indistinct teeth on posterior end. +Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Uncus nearly bell shaped, broad at base, gradually narrowed to 3/5, distal 2/5 slender, rounded at apex, laterally with setae. Gnathos tongue shaped, about 2/3 length of uncus, distal 1/2 scobinate, apex broadly rounded; lateral arm short, band shaped, about 1/3 length of gnathos. Tegumen branched from posterior 1/2, very narrow anteriorly. Valva narrowed and setose distally, apex narrowly rounded and directing dorsad; costa sinuate, concave at base and before apex, projected at middle. Sacculus narrow, slightly concave at basal 3/5 on dorsal margin, distal 2/5 setose; distal 1/5 free, serrate dorsally; apex pointed, directing dorsad, not reaching end of valva. Saccus slender, rod-like, slightly broader at base, rounded at apex, almost as long as valva. Juxta weakly sclerotized, short, with a small, slender awl-shaped basal process; lateral lobes broad, irregularly quadrate, rounded at apex, reaching middle of tegumen. Aedeagus gently curved, dilated distally, with two curved, basally joined distal spines; two joined or separate, spine-like cornuti present at middle: one very small, the other larger, sometimes deciduate. +Female genitalia (Fig. 38). Apophysis anterioris stronger than and about 1/2 length of apophysis posterioris. Ductus bursae about twice length of corpus bursae, posterior margin ventrally concave at middle and protruded laterally, posterior 3/5 sclerotized and sinuate, with some spinules at posterior 3/5, posterior 3/5−3/4 membranous and expanded, anterior 1/4 sclerotized, curved in semi-volute or sinuate; ductus seminalis arising from posterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae rounded; signum small, nearly oval or rhombic, with small distinct or indistinct teeth on posterior end. - -Distribution. -China (Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang). -Note. Themale is described for the first time. + +Distribution. +China (Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang). +Note. Themale is described for the first time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/6B/5B/D4/6B5BD45D443CEA5CCD5C17D1B210CE0E.xml b/data/6B/5B/D4/6B5BD45D443CEA5CCD5C17D1B210CE0E.xml index 6f8e0b7c179..969e33db69c 100644 --- a/data/6B/5B/D4/6B5BD45D443CEA5CCD5C17D1B210CE0E.xml +++ b/data/6B/5B/D4/6B5BD45D443CEA5CCD5C17D1B210CE0E.xml @@ -1,137 +1,137 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis guamanensis Escalona, Phytologia 65(5): 340, f. 2. 1988. -Fig. 5 A, B + + + +Calamagrostis guamanensis Escalona, Phytologia 65(5): 340, f. 2. 1988. +Fig. 5 A, B - -Type. - + +Type. + ECUADOR. Napo: [road Quito-Baeza at the telecomunication antenna, N of the Guamani paramo, in the oriental Andes, -0°10.2'S +0°10.2'S ; -78°23.4'W +78°23.4'W ], 4260 m alt., 3 Mar. 1985, [grass forming loose tufts in cushion plants of - -Distichia muscoides + +Distichia muscoides ], F.D. Escalona & Gallegos 390 (holotype: ISC; isotypes: K!, MO (MO115961), QCA, US!, VEN). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Previously considered endemic to Ecuador ( -Luteyn 1999 +Luteyn 1999 ). - -Specimen examined. - + +Specimen examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Narino + +Narino : Mun. Pasto, Volcan Galeras, frequent growing in cushion plants and similar damp protected places at high altitudes in base high -paramo +paramo , -1°13.6417'N +1°13.6417'N ; -77°21.8718'W +77°21.8718'W , 4000 m alt., 29 Nov. 1983, J.R.I Wood 4064 (FMB, K). - - -Figure 5. + + +Figure 5. A general habit and a spikelet of - -Calamagrostis guamanensis + +Calamagrostis guamanensis Escalona, J.R.I. Wood 4064 (FMB), - -Calamagrostis heterophylla + +Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg., S.P. Sylvester 3158 (US), - -Calamagrostis pisinna + +Calamagrostis pisinna Swallen, S.P. Sylvester 3107 (US), and - -Calamagrostis rigida + +Calamagrostis rigida (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., S.P. Sylvester 3125 (US). Habit scale bar 5 cm; spikelet scale bar 1 mm. diff --git a/data/76/1B/5C/761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.xml b/data/76/1B/5C/761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.xml index 8d9867f4fe8..af6a0604636 100644 --- a/data/76/1B/5C/761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.xml +++ b/data/76/1B/5C/761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.xml @@ -1,293 +1,293 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Deschampsia podophora (Pilg.) Saarela, PhytoKeys 87: 90. 2017. Deyeuxia podophora (Pilg.) Sodiro, Rev. Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 11: 79. 1930. Calamagrostis podophora Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42 (1): 66. 1908. + + + +Deschampsia podophora (Pilg.) Saarela, PhytoKeys 87: 90. 2017. Deyeuxia podophora (Pilg.) Sodiro, Rev. Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 11: 79. 1930. Calamagrostis podophora Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42 (1): 66. 1908. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU. -Junin +Junin : Berge Westlich von Huacapistana [Prov. Tarma, in montibus prope Huacapistana ad occid. in stepposis], 3500 m alt., 18 Jan. 1903, A. Weberbauer 2231 (lectotype, designated by - + Vega and -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar (2013 : 28): BAA (BAA00000767 [image!]) fragm. ex B; isolectotype: US (US00149282!)). - -Description. - -Tufted perennial + +Description. + +Tufted perennial with vertical rhizomes forming short solitary tufts to medium-sized tussocks, with leaf blades mostly basal with inflorescences usually greatly exerted from basal foliage or both basal and cauline with some cauline blades often surpassing the inflorescence. -Tillers +Tillers intravaginal. -Culms +Culms 20 --75(- +-75(- 110) cm tall, to 3 mm wide, erect, striate, nodes and internodes terete, smooth and lustrous; nodes hidden in the sheaths with no nodes exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 20-32.5 cm long, as long or longer than the sheath. -Sheaths +Sheaths striate; -flag leaf sheaths +flag leaf sheaths 22-38 cm long; -upper culm sheaths +upper culm sheaths lax, glabrous and smooth; -basal leaf sheaths +basal leaf sheaths 4.5-20 cm long, longer than the internodes, glabrous and smooth. -Ligules +Ligules not stipulate; -upper culm ligules +upper culm ligules 7.5-22 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, without notable lateral keels, apices entire, erose or narrowly bifid, sometimes fimbriate, abaxial surface smooth; -ligules of innovations +ligules of innovations 4 --15(- +-15(- 20) mm long, slightly to strongly and broadly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, lateral keels sometimes notable, apices entire or a narrow bifid point, sometimes slightly erose, abaxial surface smooth or sometimes slightly scabrous at the apex. -Leaf blades +Leaf blades (2.5 --)5- +-)5- 22 cm long, 0.6-7 mm wide when opened out, flat, conduplicate or involute/convolute and filiform and cylindrical to subelliptical in outline, sometimes opening out to become flat at their apices, straight and erect to slightly curved, glabrous, isomorphic or more or less dimorphic, when dimorphic those of the innovations filiform and cylindrical to subelliptic in outline while those of the upper flowering culm are usually wider and flat, conduplicate or convolute towards the apices, abaxially smooth, adaxially smooth or lightly scaberulous along the veins, sometimes becoming densely scabrous towards the apex, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, veins usually pronounced, numerous and tightly packed, apex obtuse to slightly pungent; -flag leaf blades +flag leaf blades 2.9-6 cm long, 2-7 mm wide when opened out. -Panicles +Panicles 10-25 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, open to slightly condensed, oval, greenish-purple with spikelets tending to be laxly glomerate on the distal half of the inflorescence branches with the proximal half usually lacking spikelets, largely exerted to moderately included in the uppermost sheath and/or blade; -main panicle axis +main panicle axis terete to slightly compressed, usually with a narrow groove running down both sides, glabrous, smooth to lightly scaberulous, internodes tending to be long, lower internode 3-11.5 cm long; -panicle branches +panicle branches 1.5-8 cm long, bearing 10 to over 50 spikelets per branch, flexuous, spreading, pendulous or divergent at a 45° angle to slightly ascending, verticillate in clusters of 2 or 3, terete or slightly grooved, glabrous, almost smooth to scabrous; -pedicels +pedicels 0.5-2.5 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly to densely scabrous. -Spikelets +Spikelets 1-flowered, sometimes with a rudimentary floret at the apex of the rachilla that appears like a slightly broader section of the rachilla covered in sparse diminute hairs, not strongly laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes with the florets disarticulating from the apex of the extended rachilla internode, this remaining attached to the glumes. -Glumes +Glumes 3.5-5.5 mm long, subequal, the lower glume 0.2-0.6 mm shorter than the upper glume, lanceolate, membranous, purplish-green, lustrous, smooth or sometimes lightly scabrous throughout the keel of the upper glume; -lower glumes +lower glumes 1-veined, apex acuminate or bidentate, less frequently finely denticulate or erose; -upper glumes +upper glumes 3-veined, lateral veins either short < -1/2 +1/2 length of glume or reaching from -1/2 +1/2 to 2/3 the length of the glume, apex usually acuminate, sometimes finely denticulate. -Floret +Floret stipitate, much shorter than the glumes, never passing the apex of the lower glume. -Lowermost rachilla internode +Lowermost rachilla internode 0.4-0.7 mm long, prolonged between the glumes and the floret, often slightly geniculate at its apex and bent in a ca. 30°-45° angle, slightly dilated at its apex, usually glabrous, less often with a few long hairs ca. 0.7 mm long emerging from it, smooth. -Lemmas +Lemmas 2.4-3.5 mm long, of the same consistency as the glumes, light green with purple tinges towards apex, becoming golden at maturity, glabrous, smooth with the keel apex rarely scaberulous, apex truncate and denticulate, usually with 4 clearly distinguished teeth, 0.3-0.5 mm long and erose between the teeth, 5-veined, veins not evident; awns 1.5-4 mm long, sometimes absent, inserted in the middle or lower third of the lemma, usually as long as the lemma or passing the glume apex by as much as 1.5 mm. -Paleas +Paleas 0.5-0.8 mm shorter than the lemma, of the same consistency and colour, keels sparsely scabrous and notable, apex bidentate or 4-dentate. -Callus +Callus rounded, short, with a basal tuft of hairs 0.5-2.2 mm long, reaching from 1/3 the length of the lemma to almost the lemma apex. -Rachilla +Rachilla 1.5-2.5 mm long, reaching from 2/3 to 4/5 the length of the lemma, with copious short to medium-sized hairs 0.5-1.4 mm long, the hairs reaching from 4/5 to sometimes passing the apex of the lemma, apex of rachilla sometimes clavate. -Lodicules +Lodicules 2, ca. 0.5 mm long, membranous, acute. -Stamens +Stamens 3, anthers (0.7 --)1.2- +-)1.2- 1.9 mm long. -Ovary +Ovary ca. 0.5 mm long, small, styles 2, stigmas plumose, short. -Caryopses +Caryopses 1-1.4 mm long, dorsally slightly gibbose, surcus not noticeable, embryo short, hilum basal, oval; -endosperm +endosperm dry. - -Distribution and ecology. - + +Distribution and ecology. + Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela. The ecology of this species is distinct compared to many - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis s.l. species as it is usually found in very damp, swamp-like conditions by the side of high-elevation lakes or watercourses in Andean -paramo +paramo or jalca vegetation, less often in humid open -paramo +paramo . - -Other specimens examined. - + +Other specimens examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Boyaca + +Boyaca : Below Las Playas de Ritacuba in the Cocuy mountains above Guican, on the banks of a fast-flowing stream coming off the snow fields and passing through thinly vegetated moraine covered country, 4100 m alt., 24 Jun. 1984, J.R.I. Wood 4457 (K). -Cauca +Cauca : Purace National Park, Laguna de San Rafael, in open boggy -paramo +paramo in the lake basin, particularly in banks by ditches, 3300 m alt., 6 Apr. 1985, J.R.I. Wood 4803 (K); Volcan Purace, above Pilimbala, frequent in bog pools in high -paramo +paramo , 3700-4000 m alt., 5 Apr. 1985, J.R.I. Wood 4787 (K). - + ECUADOR. -Pichincha +Pichincha : road Olmedo-Laguna San Marcos, W of the pass, 0°5'N; 78°1-2'W, 3600 m alt., 10 Jul. 1980, B. -Ollgaard +Ollgaard et al. 34406 (K); Along road to Refugio, Volcan Cayembe, -paramo +paramo and swamp, -00°04'S +00°04'S ; -77°54'W +77°54'W , 4300 m alt., 2 Mar. 1988, S. Renvoize 70510 (K). -Napo +Napo : Eastern Cordillera, Llanganati Mountains, by Lake Aucacocha, on stream sides in bog, forming large tussocks up to 20 cm across, 3750 m alt., 16 Aug. 1969, P.J. Edwards 127 (K); Eastern Cordillera, Llanganati Mountains, by Lake Aucacocha, growing in the wettest area of the bog, in clusters of tufts, sheath bases submerged in peat, 3700 m alt., Aug. 1969, P.J. Edwards 62 (K). - -Notes. - - -Deschampsia podophora + +Notes. + + +Deschampsia podophora has been traditionally treated as belonging to -Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis +Calamagrostis subsect. Stylagrostis due to the presence of an extended rachilla internode between the glumes and the floret. - -Deschampsia podophora + +Deschampsia podophora is closely related to - -D. parodiana + +D. parodiana (= - -Calamagrostis ligulata + +Calamagrostis ligulata ) and has been placed as a synonym of this in previous works ( -Escalona 1988a +Escalona 1988a , -1988b +1988b ; -Tovar 1993 +Tovar 1993 ; -Luteyn 1999 +Luteyn 1999 ; -Bono 2010 +Bono 2010 ; - -Briceno + +Briceno 2010 ). The principal differentiating characters that separate - -Deschampsia parodiana + +Deschampsia parodiana from - -D. podophora + +D. podophora are the smaller anthers, 0.4-0.5 mm long (vs. (0.7 --)1.2-1.5(- +-)1.2-1.5(- 1.9) mm long in - -D. podophora + +D. podophora ) and the shorter rachilla, 1-1.2 mm long, that is sparsely pilose with hairs not usually reaching the apex of the palea (vs. (1.2 --)1.4- +-)1.4- 2.5 mm long, with copious hairs that usually surpass the lemma in - -D. podophora + +D. podophora ). Characters of shape and density of the inflorescence mentioned in -Laegaard (1998 +Laegaard (1998 : 27) were found to be not good for differentiating the two species. While - -D. parodiana + +D. parodiana only has a lax open inflorescence with long pendant branches and spikelets glomerate on the distal part of the branches, - -D. podophora + +D. podophora exhibits both denser semi-spikelike inflorescences with inflorescence branches having spikelets from the base as well as open inflorescences with pendulous branches and spikelets glomerate on the distal part of the branches like that of - -D. parodiana + +D. parodiana . - + Some specimens from Colombia were found to be generally larger than those from Ecuador, in terms of the number and length of the culms with mainly cauline leaf blades that were longer and wider. These specimens had a habit appearance similar to var. -mutica +mutica being larger tussock-forming plants with multiple culms and inflorescences held within sheaths. diff --git a/data/80/E0/A0/80E0A051CF0E2F34698923E1BE288C77.xml b/data/80/E0/A0/80E0A051CF0E2F34698923E1BE288C77.xml index 4ee54a79895..ef1286c5d83 100644 --- a/data/80/E0/A0/80E0A051CF0E2F34698923E1BE288C77.xml +++ b/data/80/E0/A0/80E0A051CF0E2F34698923E1BE288C77.xml @@ -1,115 +1,115 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis macrophylla (Pilg.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 60. 1908. Deyeuxia macrophylla Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25(5): 711-712. 1898. + + + +Calamagrostis macrophylla (Pilg.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 60. 1908. Deyeuxia macrophylla Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25(5): 711-712. 1898. - - -Type. + + +Type. ECUADOR. Pinchincha: Verdecuchu, Aug. 1879 [7 Aug. 1870], A. -Stuebel +Stuebel 34 (lectotype, designated by - + Vega and -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar (2013 : 27): BAA (BAA00000810 [image!] fragm. ex B; isolectotypes: S (S-R-823 [image!]) fragm., US (US00153721!, US00133532!)). - + = -Deyeuxia macrostachya +Deyeuxia macrostachya Sodiro, Revista Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 12: 64. 1930, syn. nov. Type: ECUADOR. In pasq. M. Chimbarazo [En los pajonales de los montes Pichincha y Chimborazo], Nov. [Dec.] 1890, L. Sodiro 265 [s.n.] (lectotype, designated here: US (US00406351!); isolectotype: S (S-R-1460 [image!])). - -Comments. - - -Deyeuxia macrostachya + +Comments. + + +Deyeuxia macrostachya is known only from the type specimen collected by Sodiro in -paramo +paramo grasslands close to mount Pichincha and Chimborazo, Ecuador. We found no noticeable differences between this and Pilgers specimens. The large, lax panicle with semiverticillate branches, similar spikelet morphology including the lemma apex bifid with aristulate teeth and rachilla hairs only reaching the apex of the palea, support - -D. macrostachya + +D. macrostachya being synonymised under - -C. macrophylla + +C. macrophylla . diff --git a/data/83/7D/7D/837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.xml b/data/83/7D/7D/837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.xml index 370381ee70d..c347097fc52 100644 --- a/data/83/7D/7D/837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.xml +++ b/data/83/7D/7D/837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.xml @@ -1,443 +1,443 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis crispifolius Sylvester -sp. nov. -Fig. 1 + + + +Calamagrostis crispifolius Sylvester +sp. nov. +Fig. 1 - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA. Magdalena: flanco occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, -paramo +paramo , abundantisima, cubre gran parte del -paramo +paramo , 3140 m alt., 29 Jan. 1959, R. Romero -Castaneda +Castaneda 7141 (holotype: COL (COL000172001!); isotype: US (US01246667!)). - - -Figure 1. - -Calamagrostis crispifolius + + +Figure 1. + +Calamagrostis crispifolius ; -A +A lower portion of plant, showing basal tuft of curled leaves -B -ligular +B +ligular area -C +C upper portion of plant showing inflorescence and flag leaf blade -D +D primary branch of the inflorescence -E +E lower glume, dorsal view -F +F upper glume, dorsal view -G +G spikelet, with floret already fallen, lateral view -H +H spikelet, with floret, lateral view -I +I lemma, dorsal view -J +J lemma, lateral view -K +K stylar branch and stigma -L +L palea ventral view, showing the ovary, stamens and lodicules -M +M ovary and lodicules, ventral view -N +N immature caryopsis, dorsal view showing embryo; drawn by Alice R. Tangerini from the isotype, R. Romero -Castaneda +Castaneda 7141 (US). - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + Differs from all other species of - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis s.l. by a combination of strongly curled, readily deciduous leaf blades in mature plants that form a basal mat to 20 cm tall, open inflorescences with generally patent branches, spikelets (3.5 --)4- +-)4- 5.5 mm long, with sessile florets and a rachilla prolongation (not including hairs) reaching from 2/3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with short hairs <1 mm long and an awn inserted just above the middle of the lemma, 5-7.2 mm long, anthers 1.5-2.7 mm long. - -Description. - -Plants + +Description. + +Plants perennial, tufted, forming short dense tufts, mats to 40 cm wide, with short vertical or oblique rhizomes. Bases covered with fibrous old basal sheaths, with fallen curled leaf blades often forming large masses on the ground between tufts. -Tillers +Tillers intravaginal. -Culms +Culms 48-64 cm tall, 1.5-2.2 mm wide, striate, erect, greatly exerted from the basal foliage, nodes and internodes terete, smooth but becoming scabrous below the nodes and towards the inflorescence, with dense scabrocities just below the inflorescence; (0-)1 node exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 38-42 cm long. -Sheaths +Sheaths striate, moderately keeled; -flag leaf sheaths +flag leaf sheaths 20-25 cm long; -upper culm sheaths +upper culm sheaths glabrous and smooth with minute papillae present on the adaxial surface; -basal leaf sheaths +basal leaf sheaths 4-12 cm long, shorter than the internodes, glabrous and lightly scabrous. -Ligules +Ligules not stipulate; -upper culm ligules +upper culm ligules 2.5-10 mm long, acute with a rounded or bidentate apex, scarious to coriaceous, 2-veined but without notable lateral keels, apices denticulate, fimbriate or short ciliate, ligule abaxial surface lightly to densely scabrous with short scabers; -ligules of innovations +ligules of innovations 2.2-10 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, truncate to acute, scarious to coriaceous when shorter, lightly to densely scabrous on the abaxial surface. -Leaf blades +Leaf blades 5 --15(- +-15(- 30) cm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, cylindrical in outline, when rolled the blades form a basal mat to 20 cm tall and much shorter than the exerted culms, strongly curled in mature plants [or when dry?], appearing readily deciduous and snapping off when the plant reaches maturity leaving an abscission zone and the ligule exposed, sometimes recurved to straight in immature plants [or when moist?], conduplicate to convolute, rigid, glabrous, abaxially finely scabrous, adaxially densely scabrous, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, apex pungent; -flag leaf blade +flag leaf blade ca. 2.9 cm long, recurved, slightly narrower than the basal blades. -Panicles +Panicles (5.5 --)9- +-)9- 20 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, open, rarely contracted in young specimens, exerted or rarely subincluded in the flag leaf, open and diffuse, oval, greenish-purple or golden-purple; -main panicle axis +main panicle axis terete, glabrous, lightly to moderately scabrous, spikelets found diffusely on the proximal half of the primary branches, lower internodes 2-4 cm long; -panicle branches +panicle branches spreading to slightly ascending, rarely contracted; -primary panicle branches +primary panicle branches 2-6 cm long, bearing 1-10 spikelets per branch, verticillate in clusters of 2-5, terete, glabrous, almost smooth to scabrous; -pedicels +pedicels (3 --)6- +-)6- 22 mm long, usually much longer than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly to moderately scabrous. -Spikelets +Spikelets 1-flowered, not strongly laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes; glumes, lemma and palea not noticeably asymmetrical. -Glumes +Glumes (3.5 --)4- +-)4- 5.5 mm long, subequal, the lower glume ca. 0.3 mm shorter than the upper glume, narrowly lanceolate, membranous, purplish, lustrous, dorsal surface smooth or scaberulous distally, keels lightly scabrous distally or scabrous throughout, apices acute, finely denticulate, erose; -lower glume +lower glume 1-veined; -upper glume +upper glume 3-veined, lateral veins reaching from -1/4 +1/4 to past half the length of the glume, 1 or 2 cross veins between the keel and lateral vein infrequently present in ca. 10% of spikelets seen (requires 50 -x +x magnification). -Floret +Floret sessile, almost reaching the apex of the glumes, sometimes passing the apex of the lower glume. -Lowermost rachilla internode +Lowermost rachilla internode not prolonged between the glumes and the floret. -Lemmas +Lemmas 3.7-4.6 mm long, 5-veined, veins not evident; the same consistency as the glumes, golden, glabrous, scaberulous throughout or lustrous and faintly to densely muriculate with the apex sometimes becoming scaberulous, apex shortly emarginate with lobes finely denticulate, awns 5-7.2 mm long, amply passing the glumes, twisted at the base, slightly curved, densely scabrous throughout, inserted just above the middle of the lemma, at 2.2-2.5 mm from the lemma base. -Paleas +Paleas 0.3-0.8 mm shorter than the lemma, of the same consistency and colour, keels smooth and notable, apex bidentate. -Callus +Callus rounded, short, articulation oblique, with a basal tuft of short hairs 0.2 --0.7(- +-0.7(- 0.8) mm long. -Rachilla +Rachilla (2 --)3- +-)3- 3.5 mm long, reaching from 2/3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with copious short hairs 0.5-1 mm long, the hairs reaching from 4/5 to almost the apex of the lemma and usually surpassing the palea. -Lodicules +Lodicules 2, 0.4-0.6 mm long, membranous, 2-lobed, acute to slightly acuminate. -Stamens +Stamens 3, anthers 1.5-2.7 mm long. -Ovary +Ovary ca. 0.5 mm long, small, styles 2, stigmas plumose with secondary branching, short. -Caryopsis +Caryopsis ca. 1.8 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide, elliptic, rounded triangular in transection, hilum narrowly elliptic, ventral groove shallow and not conspicuous, pale brown, embryo ca. 0.3 mm long, apex with remains of styles and stigmas; -endosperm +endosperm firm. - -Distribution and ecology. - + +Distribution and ecology. + Colombia, Venezuela. Known from -paramos +paramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia and the Sierra de Perija, Venezuela. For the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, specimens are known from -paramo +paramo vegetation on both the western and eastern flanks of the massif. For the Sierra de Perija, specimens are known from both the northern and southern extents of the mountain range. It is found growing between 2700-3570 m in -paramos +paramos with dry soils that are often subject to fires. The plant forms dense cushion-like mats or clumps and it is a dominant component of certain -paramos +paramos . The type specimen label includes "Abundantisima, cubre gran parte del -paramo" +paramo" , i.e. highly abundant and covers a large part of the -paramo +paramo . The specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) also states "the dominant grass on these slopes, extending up to the top of ridge", thus implying that it is a dominant component of the -paramos +paramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. -The degree of curling of leaf blades in the different specimens studied may relate to the level of maturity of the plant or also the local microclimate, with the specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) stating "leaves very fine and rolled, when dry they curl". The characteristic of readily deciduous leaf blades is also interesting, with the specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) also mentioning that "large masses of these [the fallen curled blades] on the ground between clumps [of the plant]". +The degree of curling of leaf blades in the different specimens studied may relate to the level of maturity of the plant or also the local microclimate, with the specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) stating "leaves very fine and rolled, when dry they curl". The characteristic of readily deciduous leaf blades is also interesting, with the specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) also mentioning that "large masses of these [the fallen curled blades] on the ground between clumps [of the plant]". - -Other specimens examined. - + +Other specimens examined. + COLOMBIA. -Magdalena +Magdalena : Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Laguna Chubdula, 3480 m alt., -10°55'N +10°55'N ; -73°53'W +73°53'W , 29 Dec. 1972, Kirkbridge & Forero 1775 (MO); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, alrededores de cabeceras del -Rio +Rio Sevilla, 3050-3300 m alt. [US specimen label states 'The dominant grass on these slopes, extending up to the top of ridge. West and north facing slopes, on south side of river above campsite, sta.1,6., alt. 3320-3570 -m' +m' ], 20 Jan. 1959, H.G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 6545 (MO, US-3652630); Sierra de Perija, east of Manuare, Sabana Rubia, -paramo +paramo , 3000-3100 m alt., 6 Nov. 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero -Castaneda +Castaneda 25021 (US [3 sheets]). - + VENEZUELA. -Zulia +Zulia : Maracaibo Distr., Sierra de Perija, -Serrania +Serrania de Valledupar, Campamento Monte Viruela, on -tepui-like +tepui-like limestone massif 5 -x +x 2.5 km in size, on the international boundary, -10°25.2167'N +10°25.2167'N ; -72°52.7'W +72°52.7'W , 3100 m alt., 25-28 Dec. 1974, S.S. Tillett 747-882 (MO); -Perija +Perija Distr., Sierra de Perija, -Serrania +Serrania de los Motilones, mesa below international boundary on main ridge, headwaters of -Rio +Rio Negro, Campamento Frontera II, -10°0.2167'N +10°0.2167'N ; -72°58.4167'W +72°58.4167'W , 3000 m alt., 27 Nov.-5 Dec. 1974, S.S. Tillett & K.W. -Hoenig +Hoenig 746-618 (MO); -Serrania +Serrania de Valledupar, international boundary, headwaters of -Rio +Rio Guasare, -10°23.13'N +10°23.13'N ; -72°52.0833'W +72°52.0833'W , 2700-3300 m alt., 10-19 Dec. 1974, S.S. Tillett 747-1072 (MO). - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Vulnerable (VU). Despite the species being known from seven collections spanning two Cordilleras, the -paramos +paramos of Colombia are currently facing threats principally from mining ( - -Perez-Escobar + +Perez-Escobar et al. 2018 ) and an uncertain future. Our preliminary conservation status of VU is deemed adequate until further research is done. - -Etymology. - + +Etymology. + The species epithet refers to the strongly curled leaf blades which make it distinct from all other -paramo +paramo taxa of - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis s.l. with open panicles. - -Notes. - + +Notes. + To our knowledge, there are no species of - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis s.l. with readily deciduous leaf blades that snap off when the plant reaches maturity leaving an abscission zone and the ligule exposed and covering the ground surrounding the plant tufts. This, coupled with the strongly curled nature of the leaf blades, makes this species unique. The character of curled leaf blades is very uncommon in the genus - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis , with the closest resembling species with this character being - -Calamagrostis crispa + +Calamagrostis crispa ( -Rugolo +Rugolo & Villav.) Soreng, a species found in dry Andean grassland of Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Northeast Argentina ( - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 : 193). The blades of mature plants of - -C. crispa + +C. crispa are generally curved rather than strongly curled, as in - -C. crispifolius + +C. crispifolius . - -Calamagrostis crispa + +Calamagrostis crispa also differs from - -C. crispifolius + +C. crispifolius by the short, few-flowered, inflorescences that are included within the basal foliage, large spikelets with glumes 5-8 mm long and lemmas (4.4 --)5- +-)5- 5.5 mm long, amongst other characters. - - -Calamagrostis crispifolius + + +Calamagrostis crispifolius also shares certain similarities with - -C. effusa + +C. effusa in terms of characters of the inflorescence i.e. the open panicles with verticillate panicle branches, the short glumes to 5.5 mm long, the awn being inserted in the upper half of the lemma and, most importantly, the long rachilla usually extending past the apex of the palea and bearing short hairs <1 mm long. - -Calamagrostis crispifolius + +Calamagrostis crispifolius and - -C. effusa + +C. effusa also share a peculiar character of cross veins between the lateral veins and keel of the upper glume, but these are only noticeable at 50 -x +x magnification in about 1 in 10 spikelets. A more exhaustive search for this character in other taxa within - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis s.l. should be done to check its exclusiveness to - -C. crispifolius + +C. crispifolius and - -C. effusa + +C. effusa . - -Calamagrostis crispifolius + +Calamagrostis crispifolius can be easily distinguished from - -C. effusa + +C. effusa by the strongly curled leaf blades with pungent apices which form a basal mat to 20 cm high that is usually much shorter than the flowering culms, while - -C. effusa + +C. effusa has stiffly erect blades with obtuse apices forming tussocks 40 --60(- +-60(- 107) cm tall. Ligule characteristics also differ, with - -C. crispifolius + +C. crispifolius having ligules 2.2-10 mm long with acute apices, while - -C. effusa + +C. effusa has ligules 1-2 mm long with truncate apices. In a recent molecular analysis, - -Calamagrostis effusa + +Calamagrostis effusa was found to be sister to - -Chascolytrum + +Chascolytrum Desv. ( -Saarela et al. 2017 +Saarela et al. 2017 ), possibly warranting its own generic placement. Further collecting of this new species, with a focus on molecular sampling, should be done to clarify its phylogenetic affinities. - + Specimens of - -C. crispifolius + +C. crispifolius from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, differ from Venezuelan specimens in a number of attributes and may represent a subspecies, although further collections and studies need to be made to confirm this. Colombian specimens have narrower leaf blades (0.5-0.75 mm wide), shorter ligules (2.2-4 mm long), usually longer anthers (to 2.7 mm long) and rachillas with short hairs that often reach the apex of the lemma. Venezuelan specimens have broader leaf blades (to 1.5 mm wide), longer ligules (4-10 mm long), shorter anthers (1.5-2 mm long) and rachillas with short hairs that usually do not reach the apex of the lemma. diff --git a/data/8F/2F/41/8F2F41B28095767C7DF945B4344A9291.xml b/data/8F/2F/41/8F2F41B28095767C7DF945B4344A9291.xml index 3fdfe455609..d61421e8188 100644 --- a/data/8F/2F/41/8F2F41B28095767C7DF945B4344A9291.xml +++ b/data/8F/2F/41/8F2F41B28095767C7DF945B4344A9291.xml @@ -1,225 +1,225 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 64. 1908. Deyeuxia heterophylla Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 177, 180. 1875. -Fig. 5 C, D + + + +Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 64. 1908. Deyeuxia heterophylla Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 177, 180. 1875. +Fig. 5 C, D - - -Type. + + +Type. Bolivia. [ -Potosi +Potosi ], A. -D'Orbigny +D'Orbigny 202 (lectotype, designated by - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar (2012 : 201): P (P00729766 [image!]); isolectotypes: BAA (BAA00001845 [image!]), US (US00133531!), W (W18890120011 [image!])). - + = -Chaetotropis andina +Chaetotropis andina Ball, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 58. 1885. Type: Peru. Ex Saxosis Andium Peruviae juxta Paquim Chicla, 12000 --13000' +-13000' s.m. [3658-3962 m alt.], 21-23 Apr. 1882, J. Ball s.n. (holotype: P; isotypes: BAA (BAA00001704 [image!]) fragm., K, US (US00344798!) fragm. ex K & ex LE). - + = -Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg. var. robustior +Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg. var. robustior Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 64. l908. Type: Peru. Puno: Azangaro, in saxosis calcareis, 4000 m alt., Feb. 1902, A. Weberbauer 474 (holotype: B (not found); isotype: US (US00153711!)). - + = -Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg. var. pubescens +Calamagrostis heterophylla (Wedd.) Pilg. var. pubescens Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 64. 1908. Type: Peru. Puno: in provincia Sandia, supra Cuyocuyo, in campis fructisibus nonnullis intermistix, 3700-3800 m alt., May 1902, A. Weberbauer 905 (holotype: B (not found); isotype: US (US00153712!)). - + = -Calamagrostis calvescens +Calamagrostis calvescens Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 65. 1908. Type: Peru. Ancash: Prov. Cajatambo, 3000-3300 m alt., 13 Apr. 1902, A. Weberbauer 2842 (lectotype, designated by - + Nicora and -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar (1998 : 168): BAA (BAA00000758 [image!]) fragm. ex B; isolectotypes: MOL, US (US00131526!)). - + = -Calamagrostis mulleri +Calamagrostis mulleri Luces, Bol. Soc. Venez., Cienc. Nat. 15 (80):9. 1953. Type: Venezuela. Edo. -Merida +Merida : -Paramo +Paramo de -Mucuchies +Mucuchies , 4000 m alt., 11 Nov. 1939, A.S. -Mueller +Mueller 897 (holotype: VEN (VEN20682 [image!]); isotypes: MO, US (US00149289!)). - + = -Calamagrostis macbridei +Calamagrostis macbridei Tovar, Mem. Mus. Javier Prado 11:63. 1960. Type: -Peru +Peru . Pasco, -Huaron +Huaron , northern part Cerro Pasco, northeastern slope, 14000 ft. [4267 m] alt., 12 Jun. 1922, J.F. Macbride & W. Featherstone 998 (holotype: US (US00153707!); isotypes: F (F0040679F [image!]), SI (SI000619 [image!]) fragm.). - + = -Calamagrostis swallenii +Calamagrostis swallenii Tovar, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado" 11: 66. 1960. -Deyeuxia swallenii +Deyeuxia swallenii (Tovar) -Rugolo +Rugolo , Rev. ~ -Deyeuxia +Deyeuxia ~ Bolivien 128. 1995. Type: Peru. Huancavelica: Prov. Huancavelica: Tausiri, cerca a Manta, pajonal de Puna, 4500 m alt., 31 Mar. 1953, O. Tovar 1168 (holotype: US (US00133195!); isotypes: GH (GH00023323 [image!]), K (K000308446!), MO (MO115821 [image!]), USM (USM000722 [image!])). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Previously known from high Andean regions of Venezuela ( -Hokche et al. 2008 +Hokche et al. 2008 ; -Bono 2010 +Bono 2010 ; - -Briceno + +Briceno 2010 ), Peru ( -Tovar 1993 +Tovar 1993 ), Bolivia ( -Villavicencio 1995 +Villavicencio 1995 , -1998 +1998 ), northern Chile and northwest Argentina ( - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 ). The specimens collected exhibit characters of both - -Calamagrostis heterophylla + +Calamagrostis heterophylla and - -Calamagrostis brevipaleata + +Calamagrostis brevipaleata Swallen, an Ecuadorian endemic, with both species having heteromorphic leaf blades, the cauline glabrous and those of the innovations pilose. The species bear more affinity to - -C. heterophylla + +C. heterophylla as the lemmas measure less than 4.2 mm (> 5 mm long in - -C. brevipaleata + +C. brevipaleata ) and the leaf blades measure <10 cm long (10-25 cm long in - -C. brevipaleata + +C. brevipaleata ). However, the specimens do have characteristics of - -C. brevipaleata + +C. brevipaleata in terms of the lemma surfaces, which are smooth proximally and scabrous distally and no great differentiation in width between the cauline and tiller leaf blades. - -Specimen examined. - + +Specimen examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Boyaca + +Boyaca : Mun. Chiscas, -paramo +paramo El Penon, borde de bosque de - -Polylepis + +Polylepis creciendo sobre roca, -6°36.0714'N +6°36.0714'N ; -72°26.229'W +72°26.229'W , 3917 m alt., 5 Mar. 2018, S.P. Sylvester, R.J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L.E. Cuta 3158 (COL, FMB, K, US). diff --git a/data/94/7E/A0/947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.xml b/data/94/7E/A0/947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.xml index 0eb8a1eac98..d045f4f3ee0 100644 --- a/data/94/7E/A0/947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.xml +++ b/data/94/7E/A0/947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.xml @@ -1,151 +1,151 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - - + + + + Calamagrostis cf. carchiensis -Laegaard +Laegaard , Novon 8(1): 23-25, f. 1A. 1998. -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 - -Type. - + +Type. + ECUADOR. Napo [ -Sucumbios +Sucumbios ]: -Paramo +Paramo de Mirador above Cocha Seca, lower -paramo +paramo zone, burned, -00°34'N +00°34'N ; -77°39'W +77°39'W , 3700-3900 m alt., 23 May 1985, S. -Laegaard +Laegaard 54413 (holotype: AAU!; isotypes: K (K000308461!), MO (MO05100301 [image!]), QCA (QCA78857 [image!]), QCNE, US (US00588939!)). - - -Figure 4. -Calamagrostis cf. carchiensis -Laegaard + + +Figure 4. +Calamagrostis cf. carchiensis +Laegaard general habit (scale bar 5 cm) and spikelet. Scale bar: 1 mm; S.P. Sylvester 3049 (FMB). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Previously considered endemic to Ecuador with a global conservation status of VU B1ab(iii) - Vulnerable ( - -Leon -Yanez + +Leon +Yanez et al. 2011 ). The voucher specimen collected matches the species description in every aspect apart from its having two anthers as opposed to one. The number of anthers is taxonomically informative in the genus - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis and it may be that the Sylvester 3049 specimen should be considered as a distinct taxon, although further research including molecular analysis is needed to clarify this. -Laegaard (1998) +Laegaard (1998) noted that - -Calamagrostis carchiensis + +Calamagrostis carchiensis bears affinity to - -Calamagrostis bogotensis + +Calamagrostis bogotensis (Pilg.) Pilg., especially in terms of florets with a single anther. - -Specimens examined. - + +Specimens examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Boyaca + +Boyaca : Mun. Duitama, -paramo +paramo de Agueros, via que conduce a Vereda de Avendanos, -05°54.527'N +05°54.527'N ; -73°03.761'W +73°03.761'W , 3445 m alt., 28 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester, W. Bravo & J. Aguilar 3049 (COL, FMB, K, US). diff --git a/data/9E/FF/8F/9EFF8FD9B8942218533A63BE4B8EFAC2.xml b/data/9E/FF/8F/9EFF8FD9B8942218533A63BE4B8EFAC2.xml index 5d22a967ec9..70f04c019b2 100644 --- a/data/9E/FF/8F/9EFF8FD9B8942218533A63BE4B8EFAC2.xml +++ b/data/9E/FF/8F/9EFF8FD9B8942218533A63BE4B8EFAC2.xml @@ -1,88 +1,88 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Deyeuxia pendula Sodiro, Revista Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 12: 65. 1930. + + + +Deyeuxia pendula Sodiro, Revista Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 12: 65. 1930. - -Type. -ECUADOR. Crece en las pajonales del Pichincha entre 3650 y 4200 m, Sodiro s.n. (not located). + +Type. +ECUADOR. Crece en las pajonales del Pichincha entre 3650 y 4200 m, Sodiro s.n. (not located). - -Comments. -Known only from the type and the identity of this taxon remains ambiguous. + +Comments. +Known only from the type and the identity of this taxon remains ambiguous. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/BB/21/A3/BB21A31BC679454334285C6CFEB511C9.xml b/data/BB/21/A3/BB21A31BC679454334285C6CFEB511C9.xml index c2feffc4e00..e1f331fbd7c 100644 --- a/data/BB/21/A3/BB21A31BC679454334285C6CFEB511C9.xml +++ b/data/BB/21/A3/BB21A31BC679454334285C6CFEB511C9.xml @@ -1,157 +1,157 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - - + + + + Calamagrostis meridensis (Luces) B. -Briceno +Briceno , Bot. Ecol. Monocot. -Paramos +Paramos Venezuela. 2: 590. 2010. Agrostis meridensis Luces, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 15(80): 11. 1953. - -Type. - + +Type. + VENEZUELA. -Merida +Merida : coleccionado en el bosque de la Laguna Negra, -Paramo +Paramo de Muchuchies, alt.: 3500 m, 25 Nov. 1943, Zoraida Luces de Febres 267 (holotype: VEN; isotype: MO (MO1086043! [image!]) fragm. ex VEN) - -Comments. - - -Briceno + +Comments. + + +Briceno (2010) proposed the new combination of - -Calamagrostis meridensis + +Calamagrostis meridensis for a taxon endemic to -paramos +paramos of Venezuela. - -Briceno + +Briceno (2010) transferred the species from - -Agrostis + +Agrostis to - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis based on the upper glume having 2-3 veins and anatomical characters such as all vascular bundles having a double sheath and without a notably angular shape and short cells over the veins can be solitary, in pairs or in short series. However, the species habit is noted as long rhizomatous to stoloniferous with geniculate culms, a habit unknown in - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis or - -Deschampsia + +Deschampsia , which are tufted or very-short rhizomatous and tussock-forming. This taxon is most likely a species of - -Podagrostis + +Podagrostis (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr. based on the small spikelets (2.6-3.8 mm long), palea subequal to the lemma, awn often lacking, a rachilla extension that is usually absent or, when present, very short and glabrescent, a callus glabrous or rarely with scarce short hairs and short anthers 0.7-1 mm long. The number of veins of the upper glume has been considered as a distinguishing character to differentiate - -Podagrostis + +Podagrostis from - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis (e.g. - -Rugolo + +Rugolo de Agrasar 2012 ) but the recent discovery of - -Podagrostis colombiana + +Podagrostis colombiana Sylvester & Soreng ( -Sylvester et al. in press +Sylvester et al. in press ) from the Colombian Andes with well-developed lateral veins of the upper glume, large anthers and tussock-forming habit has shown these characters to be labile in - -Podagrostis + +Podagrostis . diff --git a/data/C9/18/0A/C9180A2C2AC389E0C14BF03867ECB117.xml b/data/C9/18/0A/C9180A2C2AC389E0C14BF03867ECB117.xml index 8fb06020cd4..a3175c3e6a4 100644 --- a/data/C9/18/0A/C9180A2C2AC389E0C14BF03867ECB117.xml +++ b/data/C9/18/0A/C9180A2C2AC389E0C14BF03867ECB117.xml @@ -1,122 +1,122 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Deyeuxia sodiroana Hack. ex Sodiro, Revista Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 12: 64. 1930. Calamagrostis sodiroana Hack., Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador 3(25): 481. 1889, nom. nud. + + + +Deyeuxia sodiroana Hack. ex Sodiro, Revista Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte 12: 64. 1930. Calamagrostis sodiroana Hack., Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador 3(25): 481. 1889, nom. nud. - -Type. - + +Type. + ECUADOR. Pichincha: Crece en los pajonales de los montes Pichincha, Chimborazo y El Altar [occid. M. Pichincha, Tablahuasi], Aug. 1888, L. Sodiro 25/10 ( -lectotype, designated here +lectotype, designated here : W (W1916-0037841 [image!]); isolectotype: W (W1916-0037840 [image!])). - -Comments. - + +Comments. + Known only from the type collected in Ecuador, - -Calamagrostis sodiroana + +Calamagrostis sodiroana likely belongs to - -Deschampsia + +Deschampsia sensu -Saarela et al. (2017) +Saarela et al. (2017) , earlier to - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis sect. -Deyeuxia +Deyeuxia subsect. -Stylagrostis +Stylagrostis due to the rachilla internode being extended between the glumes and floret. This species bears affinities to - -Deschampsia parodiana + +Deschampsia parodiana and - -Deschampsia podophora + +Deschampsia podophora due to its open panicle and straight awn that usually does not or only slightly surpasses the glumes and blades usually much shorter than the flowering culms ( -Sodiro 1930 +Sodiro 1930 : 70; Zulma -Rugolo +Rugolo de Agrasar, pers. comm.). diff --git a/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C23EF34FF69F82C7BC890E8.xml b/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C23EF34FF69F82C7BC890E8.xml index cfb2f0bedba..53bd779f542 100644 --- a/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C23EF34FF69F82C7BC890E8.xml +++ b/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C23EF34FF69F82C7BC890E8.xml @@ -1,47 +1,48 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of Scopocira Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae) + + + +Taxonomic revision of Scopocira Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Costa, Erika L. S. +Costa, Erika L. S. - - -Author + + +Author -Ruiz, Gustavo R. S. +Ruiz, Gustavo R. S. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2014 - -3893 + +2014 + +3893 - -2 + +2 - -151 -195 + +151 +195 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.3893.2.1 -6493aafd-061f-47fd-b929-d32709173cbe -1175-5326 -249751 -6086E1A0-F14A-452E-BFFC-3BB535A4B624 +journal article +42064 +10.11646/zootaxa.3893.2.1 +6493aafd-061f-47fd-b929-d32709173cbe +1175-5326 +249751 +6086E1A0-F14A-452E-BFFC-3BB535A4B624 - + @@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ species by original designation: - + Grauhara Peckham & Peckham, 1901 @@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ species by original designation: ( Type species by monotypy: - + Grauhara vivida Peckham & Peckham, 1901 diff --git a/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C3AEF2CFF69F94F7EC796FF.xml b/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C3AEF2CFF69F94F7EC796FF.xml index fe18d2da2ff..fd9a29aa1c1 100644 --- a/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C3AEF2CFF69F94F7EC796FF.xml +++ b/data/D6/6B/87/D66B87E53C3AEF2CFF69F94F7EC796FF.xml @@ -1,47 +1,48 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of Scopocira Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae) + + + +Taxonomic revision of Scopocira Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Costa, Erika L. S. +Costa, Erika L. S. - - -Author + + +Author -Ruiz, Gustavo R. S. +Ruiz, Gustavo R. S. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2014 - -3893 + +2014 + +3893 - -2 + +2 - -151 -195 + +151 +195 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.3893.2.1 -6493aafd-061f-47fd-b929-d32709173cbe -1175-5326 -249751 -6086E1A0-F14A-452E-BFFC-3BB535A4B624 +journal article +42064 +10.11646/zootaxa.3893.2.1 +6493aafd-061f-47fd-b929-d32709173cbe +1175-5326 +249751 +6086E1A0-F14A-452E-BFFC-3BB535A4B624 - + @@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ from Pará, - + Grauhara vivida Peckham & Peckham, 1901 diff --git a/data/E8/85/6C/E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.xml b/data/E8/85/6C/E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.xml index 77cd135395d..cded773fc4f 100644 --- a/data/E8/85/6C/E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.xml +++ b/data/E8/85/6C/E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.xml @@ -1,347 +1,347 @@ - - - -Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia + + + +Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia - - -Author + + +Author -Sylvester, Steven P. +Sylvester, Steven P. - - -Author + + +Author -Soreng, Robert J. +Soreng, Robert J. - - -Author + + +Author -Bravo-Pedraza, William J. +Bravo-Pedraza, William J. - - -Author + + +Author -Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. +Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. - - -Author + + +Author -Giraldo-Canas, Diego +Giraldo-Canas, Diego - - -Author + + +Author -Aguilar-Cano, Jose +Aguilar-Cano, Jose - - -Author + + +Author -Peterson, Paul M. +Peterson, Paul M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2019 - -122 + +2019 + +122 - -29 -78 + +29 +78 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 -1314-2003-122-29 -FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD -3238737 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032 +1314-2003-122-29 +FFB7FFA5CF25AD00FFBDFFEBFFFCFFDD +3238737 - - - -Deschampsia podophora (Pilg.) Saarela var. mutica Sylvester -var. nov. -Fig. 3 + + + +Deschampsia podophora (Pilg.) Saarela var. mutica Sylvester +var. nov. +Fig. 3 - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. Santa Rosa-Usme, Sumapaz -paramo +paramo , by Laguna Larga, in swamp at the edge of the lake in open -paramo +paramo country, 3700 m alt., 19 Aug. 1985, J.R.I. Wood 5033 (holotype: FMB (FMB11918!); isotypes: COL (COL000434793!), K [2 sheets]!). - - -Figure 3. -Deschampsia podophora var. mutica + + +Figure 3. +Deschampsia podophora var. mutica . -A +A whole plant -B +B anther -C +C spikelet at maturity with anthers -D +D lemma, abaxial view -E +E palea, abaxial view -F +F upper glume, abaxial view -G +G lower glume, abaxial view -H +H floret -I +I spikelet and pedicel, lateral view -J +J ligule; drawn by Juliet Beentje from the isotype, J.R.I. Wood 5033 (K). - -Diagnosis. - -Deschampsia podophora var. mutica + +Diagnosis. + +Deschampsia podophora var. mutica differs from - -D. podophora + +D. podophora by the lemmas being muticous and lacking awns (vs. lemmas usually with a well-developed dorsal awn inserted in the lower or middle third of the spikelet, measuring 1.5 --3.5(- +-3.5(- 4) mm long and usually not surpassing the glumes), tussock-forming habit with multiple culms and leaves mainly cauline, without a basal mat clearly shorter than the flowering culms (vs. plants forming short isolated tufts with solitary culms and the leaves forming a short basal mat clearly shorter than the largely exerted flowering culms), inflorescences often sub-included in the sheaths and blades (vs. flowering culms largely exerted from basal mats); leaf blades 11-22 cm long, 0.35-0.6 mm wide when rolled, often dimorphic, those of the innovations filiform and cylindrical to subelliptic in outline, while upper flowering culm blades 6.5-25 cm long, 2-7 mm wide when opened out, usually wider and flat, conduplicate or convolute towards the pungent apices (vs. leaf blades 5-8 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, not clearly dimorphic, with all blades flat or conduplicate, apices obtuse), ligules 4-11 mm long (vs. ligules generally longer, 10-22 mm long), anthers (1.4 --)1.8- +-)1.8- 1.9 mm long (vs. anthers (0.7 --)1.2- +-)1.2- 1.5 mm long), upper glume lateral veins reaching from -1/2 +1/2 to 2/3 the length of the glume (vs. upper glume lateral veins short, < -1/2 +1/2 length of glume). - -Description. - -Tufted perennial + +Description. + +Tufted perennial with vertical rhizomes forming medium-sized tussocks with leaf blades both basal and cauline and some cauline blades often surpassing the inflorescence. -Culms +Culms 26-110 cm tall, to 3 mm wide, erect, striate, nodes and internodes terete, smooth and lustrous; nodes hidden in the sheaths with no nodes exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 23-32.5 cm long, not, or not pronouncedly, longer than the sheath; -Sheaths +Sheaths striate; -flag leaf sheaths +flag leaf sheaths 22-38 cm long; -upper culm sheaths +upper culm sheaths lax, glabrous and smooth; -basal leaf sheaths +basal leaf sheaths 4.5-20 cm long, glabrous and smooth, longer than the internodes. -Ligules +Ligules not stipulate; -upper culm ligules +upper culm ligules 7.5-11 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, without notable lateral keels, apices erose or narrowly bifid, sometimes fimbriate, abaxial surface smooth; -ligules of innovations +ligules of innovations 4-9 mm long, slightly to strongly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, lateral keels sometimes notable, apices a narrow bifid point, sometimes slightly erose, abaxial surface smooth or sometimes slightly scabrous at the apex. -Leaf blades +Leaf blades sometimes dimorphic, those of the innovations filiform and cylindrical to subelliptic in outline while those of the upper flowering culm are usually wider and flat, conduplicate, or convolute towards the apices; -leaf blades of innovations +leaf blades of innovations 11-22 cm long, 0.35-1 mm wide when rolled or folded, narrow and conduplicate or filiform involute or convolute and cylindrical to subelliptical in outline, rarely completely flat, sometimes opening out to become flat at their apices, straight and erect, glabrous, abaxially smooth, adaxially lightly scaberulous along the veins or rarely smooth, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, apex obtuse to slightly pungent; -leaf blades of lower flowering culm +leaf blades of lower flowering culm to 1.2 mm wide when rolled or folded, similar to those of the innovations or slightly wider; -leaf blades of upper flowering culm +leaf blades of upper flowering culm 6.5-25 cm long, 2-7 mm wide when opened out, flat, conduplicate or convolute towards the apices, glabrous, abaxially smooth to finely scaberulous, sometimes becoming densely scabrous at the apex, adaxially smooth or scaberulous towards the margins, veins pronounced, numerous and tightly packed, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, apex acute to pungent; -flag leaf blade +flag leaf blade ca. 2.9 cm long, recurved, slightly narrower than the basal blade. -Panicles +Panicles 10-25 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, open and diffuse with main axis having long internodes, oval, usually slightly to moderately included in the uppermost sheath and/or blade, greenish-purple, spikelets tending to be laxly glomerate on the distal half of the inflorescence branches with the proximal half usually lacking spikelets; -main panicle axis +main panicle axis terete to slightly compressed, usually with a narrow groove running down both sides, glabrous, smooth to lightly scaberulous, internodes tending to be very long, lower internode 5.5-11.5 cm long; -panicle branches +panicle branches flexuous, spreading, pendulous or divergent at a 45° angle to slightly ascending; primary panicle branches 1.5-8 cm long, bearing 10 to over 50 spikelets per branch, terete and slightly grooved, verticillate in clusters of 2 or 3, glabrous, almost smooth to lightly scabrous; -pedicels +pedicels 0.5-2.5 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly scabrous. -Glumes +Glumes 4.5-4.9 mm long, subequal, the lower glume 0.3-0.6 mm shorter than the upper glume, membranous, purplish-green, lustrous, smooth or sometimes lightly scabrous throughout the keel of the upper glume; -lower glume +lower glume 1-veined, apex usually bidentate, less frequently finely denticulate or erose; -upper glume +upper glume 3-veined, lateral veins reaching from -1/2 +1/2 to 2/3 the length of the glume, apex usually acuminate, sometimes finely denticulate. -Floret +Floret stipitate, much shorter than the glumes, never passing the apex of the lower glume. -Lemmas +Lemmas 2.8-3.4 mm long, of the same consistency as the glumes, light green with purple tinges towards apex, becoming golden at maturity, glabrous, smooth with the keel apex rarely scaberulous, apex truncate and denticulate, usually with 5 clearly distinguished teeth, 0.3 mm long, and erose between the teeth, 5-veined, veins not evident; muticous and lacking an awn. -Rachilla +Rachilla 1.5-2.5 mm long, reaching from 2/3 to 4/5 the length of the lemma, with copious short to medium-sized hairs 0.5-1.4 mm long, the hairs reaching from 4/5 to almost the apex of the lemma and usually surpassing the palea, apex of rachilla often clavate. -Stamens +Stamens 3, anthers (1.4 --)1.8- +-)1.8- 1.9 mm long. - -Distribution and ecology. - + +Distribution and ecology. + Endemic to Colombia. Known from -paramos +paramos of the Cordillera Oriental and Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes. For the Cordillera Oriental, the species is known from Departamento Cundinamarca municipalities Usme and Santa Rosa and -Paramo +Paramo Pisba of Departamento -Boyaca +Boyaca . For the Cordillera Central, the species is known from -Paramo +Paramo del Quindio and -Paramos +Paramos de la Laguna del Mosquito of Departamento Caldas. Found in humid, swampy areas, often by rivers or lakes and less often in more mesic habitats, such as road verges (presumed damp). The type specimens were collected from swampy areas bordering the Laguna Larga of the Sumapaz -paramo +paramo in Cundinamarca. The holotype shows signs of grazing, with blades and culms abruptly cut. - -Other specimens examined. - + +Other specimens examined. + COLOMBIA. - -Boyaca + +Boyaca : Mun. Socota: -Paramo +Paramo Pisba, -Pena +Pena Negra, lagoon "Choro Negro", -paramo +paramo with - -Calamagrostis effusa + +Calamagrostis effusa , - -Espeletia + +Espeletia sp., - -Chusquea + +Chusquea sp., - -Diplostephium + +Diplostephium sp. etc., swampy, 3500 m alt., 11 Feb. 1999, D. -Stancik +Stancik & S. Medina 2351 (COL-000184768; FMB-051200); -Paramo +Paramo Pisba, Alto de Calarca, humid grassy -paramo +paramo with - -Calamagrostis effusa + +Calamagrostis effusa , - -Espeletia + +Espeletia sp., - -Chusquea + +Chusquea sp. et bunch Grass, 3600 m alt., 11 Feb. 1999, D. -Stancik +Stancik & S. Medina 2331 (FMB-046617). -Caldas +Caldas : -Paramo +Paramo del Quindio, swale in -paramo +paramo valley, 3700-4200 m alt., 15-20 Aug. 1922, F.W. Pennell & T.E. Hazen 9949 (K); Cordillera Central, cabeceras del -rio -Otum +rio +Otum , bajando del Nevado de Santa Isabel, -paramos +paramos de la Laguna del Mosquito, 3820 m alt., 26 Nov. 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 23233 (K). -Cundinamarca +Cundinamarca : Mun. Usme: Laguna Chizaca, hierba creciendo al lado de la carretera que conduce a la laguna, 26 Jul. 1986, A. Betancur & M. Palacio 44 (HUA-47083); -Paramo +Paramo de Chisaca, growing in marsh near lagoon, 3750 m alt., 30 Sep. 1966, T.R. Soderstrom 1273 (K). - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Vulnerable (VU). Despite the species being known from several collections from the Central and Eastern Cordilleras of the Colombian Andes, the -paramos +paramos of Colombia are currently facing threats of habitat degradation and loss, principally from mining ( - -Perez-Escobar + +Perez-Escobar et al. 2018 ) and so a preliminary conservation status of VU is given. - -Etymology. -The varietal epithet refers to the absence of an awn inserted in the dorsal surface of the lemma. + +Etymology. +The varietal epithet refers to the absence of an awn inserted in the dorsal surface of the lemma. - -Notes. - + +Notes. + Certain specimens were encountered which exhibited a mix of the characters mentioned in the diagnosis for separating - -D. podophora + +D. podophora from -D. podophora var. mutica +D. podophora var. mutica . For example, specimen Cuatrecasas 23233 from the Cordillera Central of Colombia had isomorphic flat leaf blades which formed a basal mat much shorter than the exerted culms but also had awnless spikelets. A few other specimens exhibited the larger habit, i.e. multiple longer culms with longer and wider leaf blades forming tussocks and inflorescences included within sheaths, but with awned spikelets. - + Specimens of -Deschampsia podophora var. mutica +Deschampsia podophora var. mutica were commonly misidentified as - -Poa + +Poa L. in herbaria, most likely due to the lemmas lacking awns. There are very few South American - -Calamagrostis + +Calamagrostis s.l. that consistently lack awns (see -'notes' +'notes' of - -Deschampsia santamartensis + +Deschampsia santamartensis sp. nov. above) and, of the species not belonging to subsect. -Stylagrostis +Stylagrostis (= - -Deschampsia + +Deschampsia ), the closest resembling species is - -Calamagrostis ecuadoriensis + +Calamagrostis ecuadoriensis -Laegaard (1998) +Laegaard (1998) , which also has short florets with a pilose rachilla extension and which lack awns. However, - -C. ecuadoriensis + +C. ecuadoriensis can be differentiated from -Deschampsia podophora var. mutica +Deschampsia podophora var. mutica by, amongst other things, a) habit, being small tussocks, 20-30 cm high, with leaves mostly basal; b) culms, panicle branches and pedicels densely hispid; c) panicles narrow, ca.1 cm wide; d) anthers 0.8-1 mm long; e) florets only shortly stipitate, with the stipe <0.15 mm long at the base of the glumes.