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<mods:title id="2C79EC50B46E537D1E4B1123277E6116">A new genus and species of Parastenocarididae Chappuis, 1940 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Espinhaço Mountain Range (Brazil) with an unclear phylogenetic position within the Fontinalicaridinae Schminke, 2010</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87DEBC57E0B57A29BCEB8C680CE66AD6">Corgosinho, Paulo Henrique Costa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="440F04D3811B8111FEA418FCA1DBBE88">Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E8BBB446D083AC7E6669B6557615E3E">Neves, Gilmar Perbiche</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41D2217EDDC28BDFBB08F28EAA619953">Calixto, Bruno Rocha Athayde</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40A7D1E334662CB71066527573C00E27">Mendes, Maria Fernanda Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB9EB7611B7FF0AFED0FF79" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,290,223,249]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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Corgosinho, da Rocha and Perbiche Neves, 2024
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Zoobank:
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611B7FE9EFEE6FEE5" bold="true" box="[151,276,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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(303-351 μm); female genital field T-shaped, 1.25 times longer than its proximal width, with long medial process (
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB761329FEA5FD56FE09" box="[521,676,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">rima genitalis</emphasis>
) and occupying more than two thirds in length of the genital doublesomite; furca cylindrical, tapering distally, divergent, 1.5 times longer than telson, about 3.5 times as long as wide, armed with 7 setae, with distinct gap between setae I-III and VII. Telson of male and female with a spiniform process, ventrally and distally inserted, along the sagittal axis, internal to the furcal insertion. Antennule segments 5 to 8 of males forming a functional unit for clasping the female, in grasping position. P2 with long male and female outer spine on the P2 exp-1, as long as 3/4 of the exp-1 and exp-2 combined. Coxa and basis of male P3 smooth and quadratic, slightly longer than their width; basis with a small bulge proximally to the setiform enp, exp-1 straight but expanding distally, with row of spinules medially inserted at the outer margin; exp-1 followed by a thin and scythe-shaped apophysis fused to the exp-1; thumb shorter than apophysis and hook-shaped. Female P3 enp is club-shaped, much shorter than exp-1, with a distal short seta. Basis of male P4 with a strong spinule inserted anteriorly to the thin and long endopodite which is almost as long as the exp-1 and ornamented with a row of very small spinules along its outer margin. Female P4 enp is spiniform, ornamented on both inner and outer margin of its distal half, longer than exp-1, almost reaching the half of exp-2. P5 long on male and female, acuminate distally, the distal rim of which reaches beyond the middle of the next urosomite in the male or the middle of the genital double somite in the female, with 3 outer setae inserted on the distal third, and a distal hyaline cushion probably representing a transformed seta; with a row of spinules along the inner margin, more developed on the male.
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<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611E7FC7AFD68FC49" bold="true" box="[199,666,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Putative autapomorphies for the genus</emphasis>
: Very long male and female outer spine on the P2 exp-1, as long as 3/4 of the exp-1 and exp-2 combined; basis of male P3 with a small bulge proximally to the setiform enp, exp-1 straight but expanding distally, followed by a thin and scythe-shaped apophysis fused to the exp-1, thumb shorter than apophysis and hook-shaped; basis of male P4 with a strong spinule inserted anteriorly to the thin and long endopodite which is almost as long as the exp-1; female P4 enp is longer than exp-1, almost reaching the distal rim of the exp-2; P5 of male and female long with 3 outer setae and a distal hyaline cushion probably representing a transformed seta; T-shaped female genital field, with
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more than two thirds longer than the whole length of the genital double somite; telson of male and female with a ventral and distally inserted bifid spiniform processes, internal to the furcal insertion.
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<mods:location id="9D5CE67B6867CBDEBE8170F7531EDCCE">
<mods:url id="3F4D87C32C301552897F4E22B728FA7A">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.2.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="289BC47E380440A7E6CFD4861D23939C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E2421825D5AB7730184D988E93DFC0A3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5512.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FBE698612B0846672AB48FF5DCC50D41" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9D190469606B4F5929ACB42EFA46F162" type="Zenodo-Dep">13848601</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8FA08E0A3EE91C86A68514D269EEDEC3" type="ZooBank">B6F04265-489E-4A76-9616-B3838D15AC75</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E3796FFFB9EB7911B7FAEEFEEFFCF6" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E5F4ED0-AAC3-4042-AC66-BDB79095F266" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3796FFFB9EB7911B7FAEEFEEFFCF6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611B7FAEEFF07FAF9" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB7611B7FAEEFAACFAD5" box="[151,1374,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB7611B7FAEEFAACFAD5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1339,1438]" box="[151,1374,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB9EB7611B7FAEEFE67FAD5" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,405,1339,1365]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611B7FAEEFE67FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,405,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB9EB7610BEFAEEFDA8FAD5" box="[414,602,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Corgosinho, da Rocha and Perbiche Neves, 2024(9 figures);
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB761446FAEEFF07FAF9" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB761446FAEEFF07FAF9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1339,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<typeStatus id="54F176DBFFB9EB761446FAEEFA6EFAD5" box="[1382,1436,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB7611B7FA56FBB0FA1E" box="[151,1090,1411,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB7611B7FA56FBB0FA1E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1339,1438]" box="[151,1090,1411,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
Zoobank:
<uri id="FFDBC47BFFB9EB76102AFA56FBB0FA1E" box="[266,1090,1411,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFECF2ACFFB9EB76133AFA56FBB0FA1E" box="[538,1090,1411,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">9E5F4ED0-AAC3-4042-AC66-BDB79095F266</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB7611B7FA1EFA94F9AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB7611B7FA1EFA94F9AE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611B7FA1EFEBAFA65" bold="true" box="[151,328,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Type material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F176DBFFB9EB761071FA1EFE4EFA65" box="[337,444,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, one dissected male on five slides (UFBA-4830).
<typeStatus id="54F176DBFFB9EB7612D2FA1EFBA5FA65" box="[1010,1111,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
, one dissected female on six slides (UFBA-4831).
<typeStatus id="54F176DBFFB9EB7610B0FA25FDF2F98A" box="[400,512,1520,1546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4C03F0FFB9EB76132EFA3AFD75F989" box="[526,647,1519,1545]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
(UFBA-4832) and
<specimenCount id="9D4C03F0FFB9EB76124CFA3AFBF7F989" box="[876,1029,1519,1545]" count="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
preserved in alcohol 70% (UFBA-4833),
<specimenCount id="9D4C03F0FFB9EB7611C7F9C1FE90F9AD" box="[231,354,1555,1582]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
dissected in four slides (UFBA-4834), one intact male mounted in one slide (UFBA-4835).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB7611E7F9E2FB6DF93D" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB7611E7F9E2FB6DF93D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611E7F9E2FEA0F9D1" bold="true" box="[199,338,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Etymology:</emphasis>
The generic name is in honor of one of the largest Brazilian native ethnic groups which were once widespread throughout the Brazilian territory, including vast areas of the
<collectingRegion id="498E069BFFB9EB76129FF98EFB62F9F6" box="[959,1168,1627,1654]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Minas Gerais state</collectingRegion>
, up to the Jequitinhonha River basin, combining the name of this ethnic group with the ancient Greek substantive for shrimp, καρίς (caris). The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB9EB76105BF976FE19F93D" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[379,491,1699,1725]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris">
“
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7610A7F971FE19F93D" box="[391,491,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the kind of Biome predominant in the
<typeStatus id="54F176DBFFB9EB76152EF971FBCCF93E" box="[1038,1086,1700,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB7611E7F912FC63F885" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB7611E7F912FC63F885" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<materialsCitation id="3B22C224FFB9EB7611E7F912FC7FF885" country="Brazil" county="Coordinates" latitude="-18.145477" location="Sandy" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.369335" municipality="State" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611E7F912FE9BF961" bold="true" box="[199,361,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<typeStatus id="54F176DBFFB9EB7611E7F912FEF0F961" box="[199,258,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E959EA2FFB9EB76104FF912FE47F961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E3796FFFB9EB7911B7FAEEFEEFFCF6:8E959EA2FFB9EB76104FF912FE47F961" box="[367,437,1735,1761]" country="Brazil" county="Coordinates" latitude="-18.145477" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.369335" municipality="State" name="Sandy" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Sandy</location>
beach downstream the
<location id="8E959EA2FFB9EB76139BF912FCE9F961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E3796FFFB9EB7911B7FAEEFEEFFCF6:8E959EA2FFB9EB76139BF912FCE9F961" box="[699,795,1735,1761]" country="Brazil" county="Coordinates" latitude="-18.145477" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.369335" municipality="State" name="Crioulos" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Crioulos</location>
waterfall at
<location id="8E959EA2FFB9EB761286F91DFB02F962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E3796FFFB9EB7911B7FAEEFEEFFCF6:8E959EA2FFB9EB761286F91DFB02F962" box="[934,1264,1735,1762]" country="Brazil" county="Coordinates" latitude="-18.145477" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.369335" municipality="State" name="Parque Estadual do Rio Preto" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Parque Estadual do Rio Preto</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B915203FFB9EB7615DAF912FAC0F961" box="[1274,1330,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">State</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingRegion id="498E069BFFB9EB761476F912FF11F885" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35D88E9FFB9EB7611CEF93EFEC4F885" box="[238,310,1771,1797]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCounty id="6294B0F5FFB9EB761061F93EFE3AF885" box="[321,456,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Coordinates</collectingCounty>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7EAEBEFFB9EB7610EFF93EFD8BF885" box="[463,633,1771,1797]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" seconds="43.72" value="-18.145477">18° 8’43.72” S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE7EAEBEFFB9EB7613A5F93EFCC2F886" box="[645,816,1771,1798]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" seconds="9.61" value="-43.369335">43°22’9.61” W</geoCoordinate>
(
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB76121FF93EFC72F885" box="[831,896,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,2014,2038]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,1134,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-430@3.[164,1423,1134,1988]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1- Map indicating the type locality in the State Park of Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848604/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3509BF2FFB9EB7911E7F8DAFEEFFCF6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB9EB7711E7F8DAFE8BFF79" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB9EB7611E7F8DAFE37F8A9" bold="true" box="[199,453,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Description of male (</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB7610E5F8DAFDDFF8AA" box="[453,557,1807,1834]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionStartId-2="6.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionStartId-3="7.[152,255,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1435,274,1940]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1435,182,1022]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetId-2="figure-79@6.[151,1435,273,1941]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1023]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Ventral (A) and lateral (B) views of P5." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848612" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848614" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13848612/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13848614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 2-5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB761319F8DAFDBBF8A9" box="[569,585,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the ventral habitus (A), cephalosome with antennule (B), last urosomite, telson and furca in dorsal view (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">8</figureCitation>
). Length 303 µm measured from rostrum to end of telson excluding furca. Rostrum not fused to cephalothorax, with wide base and two sensilla on tip (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB7612D9F8E6FB86F8CD" box="[1017,1140,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Cephalothorax (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB76141EF8E6FF5EF8F2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB76119AF882FF29F8F1" box="[186,219,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the ventral habitus (A), cephalosome with antennule (B), last urosomite, telson and furca in dorsal view (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">8B</figureCitation>
) and Urs-2-5 with dorsal integumental window (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB76122CF882FC78F8F1" box="[780,906,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Patterns of sensilla as depicted (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB761431F882FA7CF8F1" box="[1297,1422,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Telson with bifid spiniform processes ventrally and distally inserted, internal to furcal insertion (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB7615FFF8AEFA94F815" box="[1247,1382,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 2A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB9EB761453F8AEFF5FF839" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the ventral habitus (A), cephalosome with antennule (B), last urosomite, telson and furca in dorsal view (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">8A, C</figureCitation>
). Fu cylindrical, tapering distally, divergent, 1.5 times longer than telson, about 3.5 times as long as wide, armed with seven setae (Setae I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII), with distinct gap between setae I-III and VII; setae I-III inserted contiguously on proximal third; seta VII on distal third; setae II and III shortest; seta I and VI approximately of same size; seta V unipinate and longest; seta IV unipinate, approximately as long as seta VII and 1/3 the length of seta V (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711CCFF0AFE9EFF79" box="[236,364,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[188,1400,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 2 A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FED6FF05FEE5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
A1 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711DCFED6FE89FE9D" box="[252,379,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
) eight-segmented; segments 5-8 forming functional unit for clasping the female; segments armature as follows: 1(0)/ 2(5)/ 3(4)/ 4(2)/ 5(2+ (1+ae))/ 6(1Ms)/ 7(1+1Ms)/ 8(6+ acrothec of 2+ae+distal hyaline margin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FEBAFB62FE2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
A2 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711D7FEBAFEB8FE09" box="[247,330,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) allobasis without abexopodal armature; one-segmented exp with one unipinate seta; free endopodal segment armed with two inner spines and five distal setae/spines, two of them geniculated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FE62FC2EFE51" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,988,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
Labrum (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB77100FFE62FE89FE51" box="[303,379,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
) triangular in lateral view, with distal row of spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FE0EFA7BFE75" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,1417,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
Md
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711D5FE0EFE91FE75" box="[245,355,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig 3D, E</figureCitation>
coxal gnathobasis with distal row of teeth and seta; palp one-segmented, with two distal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FE2AFC78FDBD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
Mx1 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB77102AFE2AFEAEFD99" box="[266,348,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) praecoxal arthrite with five elements (surface seta thick and blunt, three claw-like pinnate spines, and slender seta); coxal endite with one seta; basis with three setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FD92FAC8FD05" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
Mx (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711DDFD92FEA1FDE1" box="[253,339,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
) allobasis with two endites; proximal endite with one seta; distal endite with two smooth setae and serrate spine; proximal endopodal segment drawn out into claw; distal endopodal segment with two setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FD5AFB24FD29" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,1238,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
Mxp (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB77102BFD5AFE91FD29" box="[267,355,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male.Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
) subchelate; syncoxa about 1/3 length of basis; enp drawn into spinulose claw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FD66FB6EFCDD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
P1 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711D6FD66FEA2FD4D" box="[246,336,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,274,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-79@6.[151,1435,273,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848612/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) coxa and basis smooth; basis with outer seta and outer pore; enp two-segmented, enp-1 nearly as long as exp-1 and exp-2 combined, with two long inner setulae and three long outer setulae; enp-2 with one outer spine and one long geniculate seta, with posterior hyaline frill; exp three-segmented, exp-1 with outer spine, proximal and distal rows of spinules on outer margin, exp-2 unarmed, with two outer spinules at distal portion, exp- 3 with two outer spinules proximally, with two outer spines and two geniculate apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711E7FCB2FC0AFBB5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
P2 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFB8EB7711D5FCB2FEBEFC01" box="[245,332,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,274,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-79@6.[151,1435,273,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848612/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) coxa smooth; basis without outer seta, with row of spinules proximally on outer margin and one outer pore; enp one-segmented, slightly shorter than half of exp-1, with strong subdistal inner spinule, two strong distal spinules and a distal seta; exp three-segmented, exp-1 with rows of strong spinules proximally and distally inserted, and with inner hyaline frill; outer spine very long, almost as long as the exp-1 and exp-2 combined; exp-2 unarmed, with distal row of strong spinules; exp-3 with outer and distal row of spinules and inner hyaline frill; one outer unipinate spine, one distal unipinate spine, and one bipinate apical seta.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFB8EB7711B8F80BFB88F876" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848604" box="[152,1146,2014,2039]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848604/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" startId="3.[152,255,2014,2038]" targetBox="[166,1420,1134,1984]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB8EB7711B8F80BFB88F876" blockId="3.[152,1146,2014,2039]" box="[152,1146,2014,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB8EB7711B8F80BFEE0F876" bold="true" box="[152,274,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
- Map indicating the type locality in the State Park of Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFBFEB7011B8F8A0FEB9F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848606/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" startId="4.[152,255,1909,1933]" targetBox="[189,1399,181,1883]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBFEB7011B8F8A0FEB9F831" blockId="4.[151,1436,1909,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBFEB7011B8F8A0FEE1F80D" bold="true" box="[152,275,1909,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFBFEB701002F8A3FE05F80D" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,503,1910,1933]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBFEB701002F8A3FE05F80D" box="[290,503,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFBFEB7010DEF8A0FD69F80C" box="[510,667,1909,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male. Lateral (A) and dorsal habitus (B). Ventral view of telson with furca and armature (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBFEB71115BF7E7FAF2F81C" blockId="4.[123,138,2098,2117]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,1814,2021]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
A P3 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBEEB7111D3F8C3FEB5F8B0" box="[243,327,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,274,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-79@6.[151,1435,273,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848612/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) coxa and basis smooth and rectangular, longer than their width; basis with a small bulge proximally to setiform enp, ornamented with spinules on outer margin, with long outer seta, and outer pore; exp-1 almost straight on its proximal 2/3, expanding on its distal 1/3, with row of outer spinules medially inserted; exp-1 followed by thin and scythe-shaped apophysis fused to exp-1; thumb shorter than apophysis and hook-shaped.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFBEEB7111B8F95DFE25F944" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848610/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" startId="5.[152,255,1672,1696]" targetBox="[153,1433,183,1646]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBEEB7111B8F95DFE25F944" blockId="5.[151,1436,1672,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBEEB7111B8F95DFEE0F920" bold="true" box="[152,274,1672,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFBEEB71103FF95CFE00F920" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,498,1673,1696]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBEEB71103FF95CFE00F920" box="[287,498,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFBEEB7110D8F95DFD62F91F" box="[504,656,1672,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male. Antennule (A, B), antenna (C), mandible (D, E), maxillula (F), maxilla (G), maxilliped (H), labrum (I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBEEB7211E7F873FB40FF79" blockId="5.[151,1437,1814,2021]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
P4 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBEEB7111D5F873FEBFF840" box="[245,333,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,274,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-79@6.[151,1435,273,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848612/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) coxa smooth; basis with outer pore, outer seta, and a row of spinules in the insertion of this seta; strong spinule inserted anteriorly to thin and long enp; enp almost as long as exp-1 and ornamented with row of very small spinules along outer margin; exp-1 without inner hyaline frill, with rows of strong spinules proximally and distally to outer spine; exp-2 with distal row of spinules, stronger on the outer margin; exp-3 with subdistal and distal rows of spinules, with outer unipinate spine, distal unipinate seta and inner hyaline frill.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFBDEB7211B8F878FBE0F845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848612" box="[152,1042,1965,1989]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848612/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" startId="6.[152,255,1965,1989]" targetBox="[152,1435,274,1940]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBDEB7211B8F878FBE0F845" blockId="6.[152,1042,1965,1989]" box="[152,1042,1965,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBDEB7211B8F878FEE0F845" bold="true" box="[152,274,1965,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFBDEB721001F87BFE07F845" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,501,1966,1989]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBDEB721001F87BFE07F845" box="[289,501,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFBDEB7210DBF878FD64F844" box="[507,662,1965,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBDEB73115BF7E7FB48FB63" blockId="6.[123,138,2098,2117]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
A P5 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D4FB54FE9FFB1B" box="[244,365,1153,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1023]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Ventral (A) and lateral (B) views of P5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848614/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
) long, with short acuminate tip, distal rim of which reaching beyond middle of next urosomite, with three outer setae inserted on its distal third, distal most seta the shortest; distal hyaline cushion probably representing a transformed seta; with row of spinules covering more than half of inner margin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFBCEB7311B8FBC2FB9FFBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848614" box="[152,1133,1047,1071]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848614/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" startId="7.[152,255,1047,1071]" targetBox="[152,1435,182,1022]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311B8FBC2FB9FFBAF" blockId="7.[152,1133,1047,1071]" box="[152,1133,1047,1071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBCEB7311B8FBC2FEE0FBAF" bold="true" box="[152,274,1047,1071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFBCEB731001FBCDFE07FBAF" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,501,1048,1071]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBCEB731001FBCDFE07FBAF" box="[289,501,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFBCEB7310DBFBC2FD64FBAE" box="[507,662,1047,1071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male. Ventral (A) and lateral (B) views of P5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7FB38FD7CFA87" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" box="[199,654,1261,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
P6 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D4FB38FE9EFA87" box="[244,364,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1023]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., male. Ventral (A) and lateral (B) views of P5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848614/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
) an unarmed ventral flap.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7FAC4FD62FAF3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBCEB7311E7FAC4FE34FAAB" bold="true" box="[199,454,1297,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Description of female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7310F6FAC4FDEDFAAB" box="[470,543,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Dorsal view of habitus (A), antennule (B), ventral view of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment (C), genital double segment (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848616/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB73130BFAC7FDC9FAAC" box="[555,571,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[224,1363,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848618/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB731367FAC4FDA5FAAB" box="[583,599,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment with genital field in ventral view (A-C), ventral view of genital double segment showing the genital field (B), partial view of telson in ventral view showing the spiniform bifid process, and furca with armature (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">9</figureCitation>
). Length 351μm, measured from tip of rostrum to end of telson, excluding Fu. Sexual dimorphism expressed in A1, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and genital-double somite. Cephalothorax and Urs-2-4 with dorsal integumental windows (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB731309FA8CFD71FAF3" box="[553,643,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Dorsal view of habitus (A), antennule (B), ventral view of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment (C), genital double segment (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848616/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7FAA8FAA4FA17" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" box="[199,1366,1405,1432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
A1 seven-segmented (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7310E1FAA8FDEAFA17" box="[449,536,1405,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Dorsal view of habitus (A), antennule (B), ventral view of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment (C), genital double segment (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848616/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
); armature as follows: 1(0)/2(4)/3(4)/4(1+ (1+ae))/5(1)/6(1)/7(7+ (2+ae)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7FA74FA76FA3B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" box="[199,1412,1441,1468]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
P1 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D4FA74FEBEFA3B" box="[244,332,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[224,1363,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848618/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) as in male, except for fine ornamentation; enp-1 with four inner setulae and three outer setulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7FA10FE52F984" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
P2 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D7FA10FEBDFA5F" box="[247,335,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[224,1363,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848618/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) as in male, except for the fine ornamentation of enp, with subdistal outer spinule, three distal spinules and distal seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7F9D8FCC7F914" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
P3 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D4F9D8FEB9F9A7" box="[244,331,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[224,1363,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848618/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) coxa without ornamentation; basis with long outer seta and outer pore; exp two-segmented, exp1 with strong spinules on outer margin, proximal and distal to outer spine, and row of spinules on inner distal corner; exp-2 with subdistal row of spinules on outer margin, with inner hyaline frill, outer bipinate spine and distal unipinate seta; enp one-segmented, club-shaped with short distal seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7F948FE02F95B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
P4 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D4F948FEBFF937" box="[244,333,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[224,1363,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848618/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) as in male, except for enp spiniform, with outer and distal spinules along its distal half, almost as long as exp-1 and 2 combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7F930FC6EF8C7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
P5 (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7311D3F930FEBBF97F" box="[243,329,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Dorsal view of habitus (A), antennule (B), ventral view of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment (C), genital double segment (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848616/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) long, with short acuminate distal tip, distal rim of which reaching beyond the middle of the genital double somite, with three outer setae inserted on distal third, with distal hyaline cushion probably representing a transformed seta; with row of spinules at distal third of inner margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFBCEB7311E7F884FDD6F80F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1153,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
Genital field (
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB731043F884FE2EF8EC" box="[355,476,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Dorsal view of habitus (A), antennule (B), ventral view of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment (C), genital double segment (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848616/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371D4FCFFBCEB7310C7F884FE06F8EB" box="[487,500,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[164,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9- Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., female. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment with genital field in ventral view (A-C), ventral view of genital double segment showing the genital field (B), partial view of telson in ventral view showing the spiniform bifid process, and furca with armature (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">9</figureCitation>
A-C) T-shaped with long
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFBCEB731232F887FC5FF8EB" box="[786,941,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">rima genitalis</emphasis>
, more than two thirds longer than the whole length of the genital double somite.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFB3EB7C11B8F8B1FC4FF821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848616/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" startId="8.[152,255,1892,1916]" targetBox="[151,1434,181,1867]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB3EB7C11B8F8B1FC4FF821" blockId="8.[151,1436,1892,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB3EB7C11B8F8B1FEE7F8FD" bold="true" box="[152,277,1892,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB3EB7C1006F8B0FE0FF8FC" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[294,509,1893,1916]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB3EB7C1006F8B0FE0FF8FC" box="[294,509,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB3EB7C1326F8B0FD5BF8FC" box="[518,681,1893,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female. Dorsal view of habitus (A), antennule (B), ventral view of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment (C), genital double segment (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB3EB78115BF7E7FEE9FF31" blockId="8.[123,138,2098,2117]" box="[123,283,151,2117]" lastBlockId="12.[151,283,151,177]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
A A
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811B7FF42FEE9FF31" bold="true" box="[151,283,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFB2EB7D11B8F842FBD4F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848618" box="[152,1062,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848618/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" startId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[226,1361,183,1917]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB2EB7D11B8F842FBD4F830" blockId="9.[152,1062,1943,1968]" box="[152,1062,1943,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB2EB7D11B8F842FEE0F830" bold="true" box="[152,274,1943,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB2EB7D1001F84DFE07F82F" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,501,1944,1967]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB2EB7D1001F84DFE07F82F" box="[289,501,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB2EB7D10DBF84DFD64F82F" box="[507,662,1944,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female. P1(A), P2 (B), P3 (C), P4 (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFB1EB7E11B8F842FC1CF854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848620/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" startId="10.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB1EB7E11B8F842FC1CF854" blockId="10.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB1EB7E11B8F842FEE4F82F" bold="true" box="[152,278,1943,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB1EB7E1009F84DFDF2F82F" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[297,512,1944,1967]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB1EB7E1009F84DFDF2F82F" box="[297,512,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB1EB7E132BF84DFD43F82F" box="[523,689,1944,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the ventral habitus (A), cephalosome with antennule (B), last urosomite, telson and furca in dorsal view (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3598F1FFB0EB7F11B8F842FB2FF878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848622/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" startId="11.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1919]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB0EB7F11B8F842FB2FF878" blockId="11.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB0EB7F11B8F842FEE1F82F" bold="true" box="[152,275,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
-
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB0EB7F1002F84DFE04F82F" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,502,1944,1967]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB0EB7F1002F84DFE04F82F" box="[290,502,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB0EB7F10DEF84DFD68F82F" box="[510,666,1944,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of last urosomite with P5 and genital double segment with genital field in ventral view (A-C), ventral view of genital double segment showing the genital field (B), partial view of telson in ventral view showing the spiniform bifid process, and furca with armature (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811B7FF0FFBB6FD91" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Four characters are of paramount importance to place
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7813F4FF0FFC48FF73" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[724,954,218,243]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7813F4FF0FFC48FF73" box="[724,954,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB78129CFF0FFBAAFF74" box="[956,1112,218,244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen.et sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
within the
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7815EAFF0CFA68FF73" authorityName="Schminke" authorityYear="2010" box="[1226,1434,217,243]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Fontinalicaridinae">Fontinalicaridinae</taxonomicName>
. They are 1) the gap between the outer setae I-III of furca and seta VII, with the outer setae inserted on the proximal 1/3 of furca and the dorsal seta VII on the distal 1/3; 2) the club-shaped female P3 enp; 3) the longer than wide genital apparatus of the female, with a long
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7813B3FE90FCC9FEDF" box="[659,827,325,351]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">rima genitalis;</emphasis>
4) the P5 of both male and female reaching pass the middle of the next urosomite. Maybe we could add a fifth character, which is not so characteristic in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78143DFEBCFF09FE26" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78143DFEBCFF09FE26" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781022FE58FE59FE27" box="[258,427,397,423]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as it is in other
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781340FE59FC1BFE26" authority="Schminke, 2010" authorityName="Schminke" authorityYear="2010" box="[608,1001,396,422]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Fontinalicaridinae">
Fontinalicaridinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB7EB781213FE59FC1BFE26" author="Schminke, H. K." box="[819,1001,396,422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="343 - 367" refId="ref7642" refString="Schminke, H. K. (2010) High-Level Phylogenetic Relationships within Parastenocarididae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83 (3), 343 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 12627655658168" type="journal article" year="2010">Schminke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78156AFE59FECBFE4A" authority="sensu Martinez Arbizu (1994)" authorityName="Martinez Arbizu" authorityYear="1994" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Fontinalicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78156AFE59FB18FE26" box="[1098,1258,396,422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fontinalicaris</emphasis>
sensu Martínez Arbizu (1994)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781053FE64FD4DFE4A" authority="Jakobi, 1972" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[371,703,432,458]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Proserpinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781053FE64FDD0FE4A" box="[371,546,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Proserpinicaris</emphasis>
Jakobi, 1972
</taxonomicName>
. This is the single anterior long spinule accompanying the male enp. In many fontinalicaridids, this spinule occurs between the exp-1 and the enp of the male P4. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78143DFE01FF09FD91" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78143DFE01FF09FD91" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781022FE2DFE5EFD92" box="[258,428,504,530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, it moves outwardly and anteriorly to the male enp instead.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811E7FDCEFE7BFD44" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
As described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB7EB7810A3FDCEFDB5FDB5" author="Schminke, H. K." box="[387,583,539,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="343 - 367" refId="ref7642" refString="Schminke, H. K. (2010) High-Level Phylogenetic Relationships within Parastenocarididae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83 (3), 343 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 12627655658168" type="journal article" year="2010">Schminke (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7813B9FDCEFBD6FDB5" authority="Chappuis, 1940" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1940" box="[665,1060,539,565]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parastenocaridinae">Parastenocaridinae Chappuis, 1940</taxonomicName>
there is no gap between the setae I-III and the seta VII, in the female the P3 enp is spiniform and longer than in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781505FDEAFB07FDD9" authorityName="Schminke" authorityYear="2010" box="[1061,1269,575,601]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Fontinalicaridinae">Fontinalicaridinae</taxonomicName>
; the P5 of both males and females do not reach the middle of the next somite and the genital field is a transverse slit. When a spinule accompanies the male enp, it is inserted on the outer margin of the basis or anteriorly to the enp, normally as a very short raw of spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811E7FD1BFDAAFC63" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Within the Neotropical region, it is not easy to decipher the phylogenetic position of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78155CFD1AFA94FD68" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1148,1382,719,744]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78155CFD1AFA94FD68" box="[1148,1382,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB78144DFD1BFEFAFC8C" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Despite some characters hitherto found within the
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78121DFD24FBE1FC8B" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1940" box="[829,1043,753,779]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parastenocarididae</taxonomicName>
, such as the scythe-shaped male P3 apophysis, the hyaline cushion on the distal rim of both males and females P5 (probably representing a transformed seta), and the ventral biphid spiniform process in the telson, there are only a handful of characters which could help us infer the phylogenetic affinities of this new genus and species. Five characters are of high importance in this respect: 1) the long outer spine of the P2 exp-1 of both males and females; 2) the rectangular coxa and basis of the male P3; 3) the inner bulge on the basis of the male P3; 4) the long and thin male P4 enp; 5) and the presence of only 3 outer setae of the male and female P5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811E7FC39FCD2FBF1" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
The long outer spine in the P2 exp-1 was described for
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78126AFC39FAF6FB85" authority="(Noodt, 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[842,1284,1003,1030]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78126AFC39FBABFB85" box="[842,1113,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
(Noodt, 1963)
</taxonomicName>
(viz.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB7EB781468FC39FEE7FBA9" author="Gaviria, S. &amp; Defaye, D. &amp; Corgosinho, P. H. C." pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="535 - 570" refId="ref7301" refString="Gaviria, S., Defaye, D. &amp; Corgosinho, P. H. C. (2017) Two new parastenocaridid genera (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from South America, including a revision of Noodt's columbiensis - group and the redescription of Parastenocaris tapajosensis Noodt, 1963. Crustaceana, 90 (5), 535 - 570. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 44250210] https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003672" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gaviria
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811B7FBC5FF22FBA9" box="[151,208,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781067FBDAFDA4FBA9" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[327,598,1039,1065]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781067FBDAFDA4FBA9" box="[327,598,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differently from
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781201FBC5FBFEFBA9" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[801,1036,1040,1065]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781201FBC5FBFEFBA9" box="[801,1036,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781534FBC5FB33FBAA" box="[1044,1217,1040,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a long exp-1 outer spine occurs in both P2 and P4, longer in the P2. We can say nothing about this character in the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781400FBE6FED3FBF1" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781400FBE6FED3FBF1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, given the female of this species is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811E7FBAFFBD7F951" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Within the Neotropical region, the rectangular basis of the male P3 occurs in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7815A1FBAFFA67FB14" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1153,1429,1146,1172]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7815A1FBAFFA67FB14" box="[1153,1429,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811B7FB4BFD6EFB38" authority="Gaviria et al., 2017" authorityName="Gaviria" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,668,1182,1209]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Colombocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811B7FB4BFE54FB38" box="[151,422,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Colombocaris isabellae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB7EB781092FB4BFD6EFB38" author="Gaviria, S. &amp; Defaye, D. &amp; Corgosinho, P. H. C." box="[434,668,1182,1209]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="535 - 570" refId="ref7301" refString="Gaviria, S., Defaye, D. &amp; Corgosinho, P. H. C. (2017) Two new parastenocaridid genera (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from South America, including a revision of Noodt's columbiensis - group and the redescription of Parastenocaris tapajosensis Noodt, 1963. Crustaceana, 90 (5), 535 - 570. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 44250210] https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003672" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gaviria
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781332FB4AFDBCFB38" box="[530,590,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78138BFB4AFBF7FB38" authority="(Noodt, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[683,1029,1182,1208]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itica">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78138BFB4AFCA6FB38" box="[683,852,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Iticocaris itica</emphasis>
(Noodt, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781535FB4AFF20FB5C" authority="Corgosinho et al., 2021" authorityName="Corgosinho" authorityYear="2021" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781535FB4AFB4DFB39" box="[1045,1215,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Santaremicaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB7EB7815EBFB4BFF20FB5C" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Rocha, C. E. F. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N." pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref7050" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Rocha, C. E. F., Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N. (2021) A new genus of Parastenocarididae Chappuis, 1940 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Amazonian Region, Brazil, with close affinity to Murunducaris Reid, 1994. Nauplius, 29, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2021015" type="journal article" year="2021">
Corgosinho
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781479FB4AFA64FB38" box="[1369,1430,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811FFFB17FEB8FB5C" authorityName="Jajobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[223,330,1218,1244]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Siolicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811FFFB17FEB8FB5C" box="[223,330,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Siolicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7810A9FB17FD71FB5C" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[393,643,1218,1244]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Brasilibathynellocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7810A9FB17FD71FB5C" box="[393,643,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Brasilibathynellocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is quadrangular in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78125EFB17FBECFB5C" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1994" box="[894,1054,1218,1244]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Murunducaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78125EFB17FBECFB5C" box="[894,1054,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Murunducaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78150DFB17FB3DFB5C" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[1069,1231,1218,1244]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Forficatocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78150DFB17FB3DFB5C" box="[1069,1231,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Forficatocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781426FB16FEF0FA80" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781426FB16FA6BFB5C" authorityName="Dussart" authorityYear="1979" box="[1286,1433,1219,1244]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Potamocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Potamocaris</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811B7FB32FEF0FA80" box="[151,258,1255,1280]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iticocaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, a genus that is considered closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7813CAFB33FC16FA80" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[746,996,1254,1280]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Brasilibathynellocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7813CAFB33FC16FA80" box="[746,996,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Brasilibathynellocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sharing different versions of a tweezershaped male P3 is only superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7813BDFADFFC75FAA3" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[669,903,1290,1315]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7813BDFADFFC75FAA3" box="[669,903,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB7812ADFADFFBC0FAA4" box="[909,1074,1290,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Except for the bulge in the inner margin of the basis of the P3 of the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7813A2FAFBFD1FFAC7" box="[642,749,1326,1351]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7813A2FAFBFD1FFAC7" box="[642,749,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Iticocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781284FAFBFB7DFAC7" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[932,1167,1326,1351]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781284FAFBFB7DFAC7" box="[932,1167,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB7815B5FAFBFAB2FAC8" box="[1173,1344,1326,1352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, there is no other character indicating a close relationship between this species and
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7812E6FA87FBC3FAEB" box="[966,1073,1362,1387]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7812E6FA87FBC3FAEB" box="[966,1073,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Iticocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plus
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78154AFA84FA9EFAEB" box="[1130,1388,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78154AFA84FA9AFAEB" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[1130,1384,1361,1387]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Brasilibathynellocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brasilibathynellocaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The whole morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7810B0FAA0FDDDFA0F" box="[400,559,1397,1423]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Colombocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7810B0FAA0FDDDFA0F" box="[400,559,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Colombocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
places it in a completely different phylogenetic lineage within the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811B7FA4DFE95FA32" authorityName="Schminke" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,359,1432,1458]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Fontinalicaridinae">Fontinalicaridinae</taxonomicName>
. There is not a single character that could bring
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781295FA4CFB56FA32" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[949,1188,1433,1458]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781295FA4CFB56FA32" box="[949,1188,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781590FA4CFA9AFA33" box="[1200,1384,1433,1459]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811B7FA69FEC4FA56" box="[151,310,1468,1494]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Colombocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811B7FA69FEC4FA56" box="[151,310,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Colombocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phylogenetically close to each other; and the morphology of the P
<quantity id="4CB2659CFFB7EB781538FA69FBB3FA56" box="[1048,1089,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
both species supports a remote relationship.
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78100CFA35FE24FA7A" box="[300,470,1504,1530]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78100CFA35FE24FA7A" box="[300,470,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Santaremicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite the rectangular basis of the male P3, is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7815FBFA35FA89FA7A" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1994" box="[1243,1403,1504,1530]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Murunducaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7815FBFA35FA89FA7A" box="[1243,1403,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Murunducaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as evidenced by the ornamentation of the inner margin of the male P1 with a strong spinule or spinules in these genera, and the morphology of the male P5 with a large intercoxal sclerite with a medial cuticular process. Additionally, we hypothesize that in males of both genera, the distal P3 spine is hypertrophied, fused to the limb in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7815D2F99EFE40F909" authority="(Corgosinho et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Corgosinho" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7815D2F99EFA6EF9E5" box="[1266,1436,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Santaremicaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB7EB7811BFF9BAFE5BF909" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Rocha, C. E. F. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N." box="[159,425,1647,1673]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref7050" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Rocha, C. E. F., Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N. (2021) A new genus of Parastenocarididae Chappuis, 1940 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Amazonian Region, Brazil, with close affinity to Murunducaris Reid, 1994. Nauplius, 29, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2021015" type="journal article" year="2021">
Corgosinho
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78100BF9A5FE97F909" box="[299,357,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Again, there is no evidence that could support a close relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78143DF9A5FF09F92C" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78143DF9A5FF09F92C" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781025F946FE4BF92D" box="[261,441,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7810D6F947FD64F92C" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1994" box="[502,662,1682,1708]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Murunducaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7810D6F947FD64F92C" box="[502,662,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Murunducaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7813F4F946FC77F92D" box="[724,901,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7813F4F946FC70F92D" box="[724,898,1683,1709]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santaremicaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Despite the rectangular basis of the male P3,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811B7F963FEF0F950" authorityName="Jajobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,258,1718,1744]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Siolicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811B7F963FEF0F950" box="[151,258,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Siolicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7810ACF962FD84F950" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[396,630,1719,1744]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7810ACF962FD84F950" box="[396,630,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB78135DF962FCD7F951" box="[637,805,1719,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in every single aspect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811B7F90FFE32F827" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
A thin male P4 enp is found in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7810D9F90FFCF5F974" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[505,775,1754,1780]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7810D9F90FFCF5F974" box="[505,775,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781236F90EFBF3F974" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[790,1025,1755,1780]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781236F90EFBF3F974" box="[790,1025,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781528F90EFB47F975" box="[1032,1205,1755,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7815D1F90EFA67F974" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1265,1429,1755,1780]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itica">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7815D1F90EFA67F974" box="[1265,1429,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Iticocaris itica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Again, a close inspection of this structure does not support a close relationship between these species. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78143DF92AFF09F8BB" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78143DF92AFF09F8BB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB781023F8F7FE5DF8BC" box="[259,431,1826,1852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the male P4 enp is thin and long, but dimorphic, occurring a long and spiniform P4 enp on the female. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB78107EF890FD9EF8DF" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[350,620,1861,1887]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB78107EF890FD9EF8DF" box="[350,620,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the male P4 is extremely reduced. To date, no such character was found on female parastenocaridids, but we cannot risk any further speculation. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7812D2F8BFFB65F803" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1010,1175,1898,1923]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itica">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7812D2F8BFFB65F803" box="[1010,1175,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Iticocaris itica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is practically no dimorphism in the P4 enp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB7811E7F864FA6FF86F" blockId="12.[151,1437,217,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB7811E7F864FE27F84A" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[199,469,1969,1995]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB7811E7F864FE27F84A" box="[199,469,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a long and untransformed P5, with four outer setae. The shape of it, except for the distal hyaline cushion of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB7EB781096F800FD50F86E" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[438,674,2005,2030]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB7EB781096F800FD50F86E" box="[438,674,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB7EB78138AF800FCABF86F" box="[682,857,2005,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is similar to what we can find in the later species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB7EB79115BF7E7FC06FDB7" blockId="12.[123,138,2098,2117]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,886]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
A However, a closer inspection of the distribution of the outer setae does not support a close relationship between these species. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791032FF6EFE09FF54" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[274,507,187,212]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791032FF6EFE09FF54" box="[274,507,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DA910FFB6EB791320FF6EFD57FF55" box="[512,677,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the two outer exopodal setae (the proximal one and the middle one?) are close together. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB7910AEFF08FD6EFF77" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[398,668,221,247]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Noodtcaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapajosensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB7910AEFF08FD6EFF77" box="[398,668,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Noodtcaris tapajosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a larger gap between the proximal outer exopodal seta and the two distal ones. Males with two exopodal setae in the P5 occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791288FED4FB50FE9B" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[936,1186,257,283]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Brasilibathynellocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791288FED4FB50FE9B" box="[936,1186,257,283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brasilibathynellocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791590FED4FAE9FE9B" authorityName="Jajobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[1200,1307,257,283]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Siolicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791590FED4FAE9FE9B" box="[1200,1307,257,283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Siolicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB79140AFED7FA67FE9B" box="[1322,1429,258,283]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Iticocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB79140AFED7FA67FE9B" box="[1322,1429,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Iticocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB7911E8FEF0FE8BFEBF" box="[200,377,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB7911E8FEF0FE84FEBF" box="[200,374,293,319]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santaremicaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As mentioned above, the condition observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791280FEF0FBB8FEBF" box="[928,1098,293,319]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791280FEF0FBB8FEBF" box="[928,1098,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Santaremicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB6EB79143AFEF1FED7FEE2" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Rocha, C. E. F. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N." pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref7050" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Rocha, C. E. F., Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N. (2021) A new genus of Parastenocarididae Chappuis, 1940 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Amazonian Region, Brazil, with close affinity to Murunducaris Reid, 1994. Nauplius, 29, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2021015" type="journal article" year="2021">
Corgosinho
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB7911B7FE9CFF20FEE2" box="[151,210,328,354]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
would be homologous to what occurs in
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791224FE9DFC5FFEE2" box="[772,941,328,354]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791224FE9DFC55FEE2" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1994" box="[772,935,328,354]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Murunducaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Murunducaris</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
the distal seta in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB79155BFE9DFAD7FEE2" box="[1147,1317,328,354]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Santaremicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB79155BFE9DFAD7FEE2" box="[1147,1317,328,354]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Santaremicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becoming hypertrophied as in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791058FEBEFDEAFE05" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1994" box="[376,536,363,389]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Murunducaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791058FEBEFDEAFE05" box="[376,536,363,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Murunducaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but fusing to the segment distally. When we observe
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB79155DFEBEFED6FE29" authority="Ranga Reddy, 2001" authorityName="Ranga Reddy" authorityYear="2001" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Siolicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandhya">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB79155DFEBEFABFFE05" box="[1149,1357,363,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Siolicaris sandhya</emphasis>
Ranga Reddy, 2001
</taxonomicName>
(viz.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB6EB791045FE5AFD87FE29" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Ranga Reddy, Y. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P." box="[357,629,399,425]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref6754" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Ranga Reddy, Y. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. (2012 b) Revision of the genus Siolicaris Jakobi, 1972, with redescriptions of S. sioli (Noodt, 1963) and S. jakobi (Noodt, 1963) from South America, and S. sandhya (Ranga Reddy, 2001) comb. nov. from India (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae). Zootaxa, 3493 (1), 49 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3493.1.5" type="journal article" year="2012">
Corgosinho
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB7910CEFE45FDD5FE29" box="[494,551,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2012b
</bibRefCitation>
) and the juvenile of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB79127CFE5AFA6EFE29" authority="(Noodt, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[860,1436,399,425]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Brasilibathynellocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvadorensis">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB79127CFE5AFB05FE29" box="[860,1271,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brasilibathynellocaris salvadorensis</emphasis>
(Noodt, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
(viz.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB6EB7911F0FE67FE29FE4C" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N." box="[208,475,434,460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="527 - 566" refId="ref6528" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N. (2010 a) Revision of Brasilibathynellocaris Jakobi, 1972 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) with redefinition of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 159 (3), 527 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00574. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Corgosinho
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791078FE66FE7DFE4C" box="[344,399,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2010a
</bibRefCitation>
) it is evident that what is missing in other
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB79128DFE67FBEAFE4C" authorityName="Jajobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[941,1048,434,460]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Siolicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB79128DFE67FBEAFE4C" box="[941,1048,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Siolicaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB791582FE67FA6EFE4C" authorityName="Jakobi" authorityYear="1972" box="[1186,1436,434,460]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Brasilibathynellocaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB791582FE67FA6EFE4C" box="[1186,1436,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brasilibathynellocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the proximal outer exopodal seta of the male P5; in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB7913CFFE02FC2BFE70" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[751,985,471,496]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB7913CFFE02FC2BFE70" box="[751,985,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp., it seems that what is missing is the distal element, which would be transformed into a hyaline cushion. Evidence of this, however, could be acquired only by the observation of the copepodids, especially the CV instar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB6EB7911E7FD94FE10FC8B" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AB3FAFFB6EB7911E7FD94FE4AFDDA" authorityName="Corgosinho &amp; Rocha &amp; Neves &amp; Calixto &amp; Mendes &amp; Schizas" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,440,577,602]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" genus="Tupinicaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B93E146BFFB6EB7911E7FD94FE4AFDDA" box="[199,440,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Tupinicaris rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. is an interesting genus from the hyporheic of the Jequitinhonha River hydrographic basin, a region in the heart of one of the world’s hotspots of biodiversity (Meyers et al. 2000), with only a few scattered data about meiofauna and the hyporheic copepods in particular (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB6EB791556FD52FED4FD45" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P." pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="147 - 162" refId="ref6248" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. (2005) Two new interstitial species of Remaneicaris Jakobi 1972 from Ribeirao do Ouro River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a redefinition of the genus (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 85 (2), 147 - 162." type="journal article" year="2005">Corgosinho and Martinez Arbizu 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB6EB791012FD7EFDB2FD45" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N." box="[306,576,683,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6385" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N. (2007 b) Three new species of Remaneicaris Jakobi, 1972 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae) from the Ribeirao do Ouro River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with some remarks on the groundpattern of the Parastenocarididae. Zootaxa, 1437, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2007">Corgosinho et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBB588FFB6EB79136BFD7EFCA8FD45" author="Corgosinho, P. H. C. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N." box="[587,858,683,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6604" refString="Corgosinho, P. H. C., Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Santos-Silva, E. N. (2010 b) Three new interstitial species of Remaneicaris Jakobi, 1972 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) from southern and southeastern Brazil. Invertebrate Zoology, 7 (1), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 07.1.01" type="journal article" year="2010">Corgosinho et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). It is an intriguing fontinalicaridid genus with clear and unique apomorphies but lacks clear morphological synapomorphies that could reveal its position within the Neotropical fontinalicaridids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5C879FFB6EB7911E7FCC0FEEFFCF6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">At the time this work was accepted for publication, we have discovered a second species of the genus, from a different locality within the PERP (State Park of Rio Preto), and it will be described elsewhere in a future publication.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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116
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<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF2468CCFE95F820" bold="true" box="[151,274,1948,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Postpedicel brown on upper ¾, yellow on lower ¼ in external surface (
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); fore coxa dark yellow, darker posteriorly (
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); all legs with basal apex of femur and tibia yellow, tibial organ narrow, yellow, ~ 3×
</paragraph>
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shorter than hind tibial length, hind tibial spur indistinct (
); all legs with basal apex of femur and tibia yellow, tibial organ narrow, yellow, ~ 3× shorter than hind tibial length, hind tibial spur indistinct (
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); surstylus widened in profile (
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<location id="116F60575A334E34FBF36BFBFB2AFB53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C19879A5A314E34FF246860FAE1FA73:116F60575A334E34FBF36BFBFB2AFB53" box="[1088,1197,1195,1221]" country="Colombia" latitude="1.87" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.66917" name="Florencia" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" stateProvince="Caqueta">Florencia</location>
, Vda.[Vereda]
<collectingRegion id="D674F86E5A334E34FAE66BFBFA1FFB53" box="[1365,1432,1195,1221]" country="Colombia" name="Sucre" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Sucre</collectingRegion>
,
, Vda.[Vereda] Sucre,
<geoCoordinate id="7184504B5A334E34FF246B80FE90FB7D" box="[151,279,1232,1259]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" precision="15" seconds="12" value="1.87">01º52′12″N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="7184504B5A334E34FE936B80FE2CFB7D" box="[288,427,1232,1259]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-75.66917">75º40′09″W</geoCoordinate>
@ -226,25 +221,26 @@ Unknown.
<quantity id="D3489B695A334E34FE076B9FFD8EFB7F" box="[436,521,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.292" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="2292.0">
<elevation id="9F9DD1BF5A334E34FE076B9FFD8EFB7F" box="[436,521,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.292" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="2292.0">2292 m</elevation>
</quantity>
[eters], 26–28.
<collectorName id="B945535A5A334E34FD1B6B9FFD52FB7F" box="[680,725,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Sep</collectorName>
[eters],
<date id="600E104C5A334E34FDE96B9FFD52FB7F" box="[602,725,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" value="1926-09-28">
<collectingDate id="704AE9A45A334E34FDE96B9FFD52FB7F" box="[602,725,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" value="1926-09-28">26–28.Sep</collectingDate>
</date>
[IX].2023,
<collectorName id="B945535A5A334E34FCF86B9FFBD2FB7F" box="[843,1109,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Y. Ramos-Pastrana Leg.</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="B945535A5A334E34FBD56B9FFB38FB7F" box="[1126,1215,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Captura</collectorName>
con trampa
<collectorName id="B945535A5A334E34FAF76B9FFA1AFB7F" box="[1348,1437,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Malaise</collectorName>
colocada a nivel de un sistema lótico (al aire) / (LEUA-67440)
/ Captura con trampa Malaise colocada a nivel de un sistema lótico (al aire) / (
<specimenCode id="44169EF75A334E34FD066BA3FCD1FA9B" box="[693,854,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">LEUA-67440</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A4D83CD15A334E34FCDB6BA2FF6DFAA7" collectionCode="LEUA" collectorName="Sep &amp; Y. Ramos-Pastrana Leg. &amp; Captura &amp; Malaise" country="Colombia" elevation="2292" latitude="1.87" location="Florencia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.66917" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Caqueta" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="A4D83CD15A334E34FCDB6BA2FF6DFAA7" collectingDate="1926-09-28" collectionCode="LEUA" collectorName="Y. Ramos-Pastrana" country="Colombia" elevation="2292" latitude="1.87" location="Florencia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.66917" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="LEUA-67441" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Caqueta" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A334E34FCDB6BA2FB81FA9A" bold="true" box="[872,1030,1266,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<typeStatus id="CB0B882E5A334E34FCDB6BA2FB86FA9A" box="[872,1025,1266,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
same data as holotype (
<specimenCount id="02B6FD055A334E34FAAB6BA3FAC6FA9B" box="[1304,1345,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
LEUA-67441)
<specimenCode id="44169EF75A334E34FAFB6BA3FF65FAA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">LEUA-67441</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>

156
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Identification key to the Colombian species of
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<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FD6A6A0EFCE5FAEE" bold="true" box="[729,866,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Apotropina</emphasis>
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:
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<subSubSection id="5CAA65075A314E36FF246AF3FA1BF94B" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="key">
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<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246AF3FA1BFA40" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<keyLead id="AF4195B95A314E36FF246AF3FA1BFA40" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246AF3FF2DFA2E" bold="true" box="[151,170,1443,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">1.</emphasis>
Scutum and scutellum shiny; ocellar triangle reaching ~ ½ length of frons; body length ~
<quantity id="D3489B695A314E36FBEA6AF3FB20FA2E" box="[1113,1191,1443,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
; wing fumose; fore coxa yellow; gena not higher than half postpedicel height.....................................
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FB226A90FA1BFA40" authority="(Becker, 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1169,1436,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Apotropina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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.
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</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FAA76A90FA12FA40" author="Becker, T." box="[1300,1429,1472,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="423 - 453" refId="ref5158" refString="Becker, T. (1916) Neue Chloropiden aus dem ungarischen National Museum. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, 14, 423 - 453." type="journal article" year="1916">Becker, 1916</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246A8EFA1BF986" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<keyLead id="AF4195B95A314E36FF246A8EFA1BF986" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
- Scutum and scutellum pruinose; ocellar triangle reaching ~ ⅔ length of frons; body length
<quantity id="D3489B695A314E36FBEC6A8DFB43FA65" box="[1119,1220,1501,1523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
; other combination of characters........................................................................................... 2
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<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246948FA1BF9DD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<keyLead id="AF4195B95A314E36FF246948FA1BF9DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246948FF2EF9BB" bold="true" box="[151,169,1560,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">2.</emphasis>
Fore coxa dark; tibial organ dark gray; wing hyaline; hind tibia with apical spur straight and shorter than tibial width; surstylus narrow with apex brownish................................................................
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB5E6965FA1BF9DD" bold="true" box="[1261,1436,1589,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FB5E6965FACEF9DD" authorityName="Ramos-Pastrana &amp; Córdoba-Suarez &amp; Riccardi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1261,1353,1589,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Apotropina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
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.
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FABA6965FACEF9DD" bold="true" box="[1289,1353,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">similis</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="AF4195B95A314E36FF246903FA1BF9FE" box="[151,1436,1619,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246903FF18F9FE" bold="true" box="[151,159,1619,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">-</emphasis>
Fore coxa yellow; other combination of characters........................................................... 3
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<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246920FA1BF935" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<keyLead id="AF4195B95A314E36FF246920FA1BF935" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246920FF2EF913" bold="true" box="[151,169,1648,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">3.</emphasis>
Wing fumose, gena ~ ⅓ height of postpedicel and entirely yellow; hind tibial spur indistinct; tibial organ brown-yellowish; male cercus with setae longer than surstylus, surstylus wide with yellow apex..........................
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB7869DDFA1BF935" bold="true" box="[1227,1436,1677,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FB7869DDFACDF935" authorityName="Ramos-Pastrana &amp; Córdoba-Suarez &amp; Riccardi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1227,1354,1677,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Apotropina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicerci" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB7869DDFB5CF934" bold="true" box="[1227,1243,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB5469DDFACDF935" bold="true" box="[1255,1354,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">longicerci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DF757E55A314E36FAE369DEFA1BF935" box="[1360,1436,1678,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF2469FBFA1BF94B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<keyLead id="AF4195B95A314E36FF2469FBFA1BF94B" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF2469FBFF18F956" bold="true" box="[151,159,1707,1728]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">-</emphasis>
Wing hyaline, gena less than ⅓ height of postpedicel and posteriorly dark, hind tibia with apical spur straight and shorter than tibia width; male cercus with setae shorter than surstylus, surstylus narrow with brownish apex.........
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB506998FA1BF94B" bold="true" box="[1251,1436,1736,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FB506998FACDF948" authorityName="Ramos-Pastrana &amp; Córdoba-Suarez &amp; Riccardi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1251,1354,1736,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Apotropina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB506998FB74F94B" bold="true" box="[1251,1267,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FB4C6998FACDF948" bold="true" box="[1279,1354,1736,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">ruidosa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DF757E55A314E36FAE36998FA1BF94B" box="[1360,1436,1736,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</key>
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</treatment>
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155
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<mods:title id="AF7E77717BE2FF0C6069AE0BB917E80E">Three new species of Apotropina Hendel, 1907 (Diptera: Chloropidae) of the Colombian Andean-Amazon cloud forest</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246CA7FE4CFB87" blockId="1.[151,459,1015,1041]" box="[151,459,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<heading id="4F4781E05A314E36FF246CA7FE4CFB87" bold="true" box="[151,459,1015,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FF246CA7FE4CFB87" ID-CoL="62CNN" authority="Hendel, 1907" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,459,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Apotropina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246CA7FE4CFB87" bold="true" box="[151,459,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246CA7FEA7FB87" bold="true" box="[151,288,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Apotropina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FE946CA7FE4CFB87" author="Hendel, F." box="[295,459,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="223 - 245" refId="ref5455" refString="Hendel, F. (1907) Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden). Wiener entomologische Zeitung, 26, 223 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8886" type="journal article" year="1907">Hendel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CAA65075A314E36FF246B6CFEBAFA9D" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246B6CFD83FBE4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1083,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FF246B6CFE36FBC2" authority="Schiner, 1868: 242" authorityName="Schiner" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,433,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Ectropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246B6CFF6FFBC5" box="[151,232,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Ectropa</emphasis>
Schiner, 1868: 242
</taxonomicName>
(preoccupied.
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FDF96B6CFC85FBC5" author="Wallengren, H. D. J." box="[586,770,1083,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="137 - 151" refId="ref6039" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1863) Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen III. Wiener entomologische Monatschrift, 7, 137 - 151." type="journal article" year="1863">Wallengren, 1863</bibRefCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="CB0B882E5A314E36FCA76B6CFCC1FBC2" box="[788,838,1084,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FC166B6CFB59FBC5" authority="Schiner, 1868" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[933,1246,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Ectropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduata">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FC166B6CFBCEFBC2" box="[933,1097,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Ectropa viduata</emphasis>
Schiner, 1868
</taxonomicName>
(monotypy). Ref.:
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FF746B0AFD87FBE4" author="Sabrosky, C. W. &amp; Paganelli, C. H. M." box="[199,512,1114,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref5824" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. &amp; Paganelli, C. H. M. (1984) Family Chloropidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1984">Sabrosky &amp; Paganelli, 1984: 3</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246B29FA1DFB07" blockId="1.[151,1437,1083,1292]" box="[151,1434,1145,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FF246B29FE38FB07" authority="Hendel, 1907: 98" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,447,1145,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Apotropina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246B29FE8EFB06" box="[151,265,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Apotropina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FEA36B29FE38FB07" author="Hendel, F." box="[272,447,1145,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="223 - 245" refId="ref5455" refString="Hendel, F. (1907) Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden). Wiener entomologische Zeitung, 26, 223 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8886" type="journal article" year="1907">Hendel, 1907: 98</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nov. for
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FDEE6B2AFCC3FB07" authority="Schiner, 1868" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[605,836,1145,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Ectropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FDEE6B2AFD29FB07" box="[605,686,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Ectropa</emphasis>
Schiner, 1868
</taxonomicName>
).
<typeStatus id="CB0B882E5A314E36FCE76B29FC01FB07" box="[852,902,1145,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FC516B2AFA9FFB07" authority="Schiner, 1868" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[994,1304,1145,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Ectropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduata">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FC516B2AFB02FB07" box="[994,1157,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Ectropa viduata</emphasis>
Schiner, 1868
</taxonomicName>
(automatic).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246BC8FBBAFB26" blockId="1.[151,1437,1083,1292]" box="[151,1085,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FF246BC8FE53FB26" authority="Becker, 1919: 130" authorityName="Becker" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,468,1176,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lasiopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246BC8FE96FB26" box="[151,273,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Lasiopleura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FEAB6BC8FE53FB26" author="Becker, T." box="[280,468,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="163 - 215" refId="ref5185" refString="Becker, T. (1919) Dipteres. Brachyceres. In: Ministere de l'Instruction Publique, Mission du Service geographique de l'Armee pour la mesure d'un Arc de Meridien equatorial en Amerique du Sud, sous le controle scientifique de l'Academie des Sciences 1899 - 1906. 10 (2). Gauthier-Villard, Paris, pp. 163 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1919">Becker, 1919: 130</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="CB0B882E5A314E36FE6D6BC8FD97FB26" box="[478,528,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FDDF6BC8FC3EFB26" authority="Strobl, 1893" authorityName="Strobl" authorityYear="1893" box="[620,953,1176,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longepilosa">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FDDF6BC8FCB3FB26" box="[620,820,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Oscinis longepilosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FC886BC8FC3EFB26" author="Strobl, G." box="[827,953,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="225 - 231" refId="ref6013" refString="Strobl, G. (1893) Neue Osterreichische Muscidae Acalyptrate. I. Theil. Wiener entomologische Zeitung, 12, 225 - 231." type="journal article" year="1893">Strobl, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(monotypy).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246BE6FA91FB58" blockId="1.[151,1437,1083,1292]" box="[151,1302,1206,1231]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FF246BE6FD9DFB58" authority="Malloch, 1913: 261" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="261" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,538,1206,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudohippelates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246BE6FECDFB58" box="[151,330,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Pseudohippelates</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FEE36BE6FD9DFB58" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[336,538,1206,1230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="239 - 266" refId="ref5589" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1913) The genera of flies in the subfamily Botanobiinae with hind tibial spur. Proceedings of the United States national Museum, 46, 239 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2024.239" type="journal article" year="1913">Malloch, 1913: 261</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="CB0B882E5A314E36FD976BE7FDD1FB59" box="[548,598,1207,1231]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FD016BE6FB89FB58" authority="Coquillett, 1898" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1898" box="[690,1038,1206,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Hippelates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capax">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FD016BE6FCE5FB58" box="[690,866,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Hippelates capax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FCDA6BE6FB89FB58" author="Coquillett, D. W." box="[873,1038,1206,1230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="70 - 79" refId="ref5289" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1898) On the habits of the Oscinidae and Agromizidae, reared at the United State Department of Agriculture. United State Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Bulletin, 10, 70 - 79." type="journal article" year="1898">Coquillett, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="140F368C5A314E36FF246B85FEBAFA9D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1083,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FF246B85FE3AFB7B" authority="Duda, 1930: 58" authorityName="Duda" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,445,1237,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Omochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FF246B85FE8BFB7B" box="[151,268,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Omochaeta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FEA56B85FE3AFB7B" author="Duda, O." box="[278,445,1237,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="46 - 128" refId="ref5360" refString="Duda, O. (1930) Die neotropische Chloropiden (Dipt.). Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, 2, 46 - 128." type="journal article" year="1930">Duda, 1930: 58</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="CB0B882E5A314E36FE796B85FE7BFB7B" box="[458,508,1237,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="D3B04D0F5A314E36FDD36B85FBA0FB7B" authority="Enderlein, 1911" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[608,1063,1237,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularifrons">
<emphasis id="26C4EA9E5A314E36FDD36B85FCFFFB7B" box="[608,888,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Oscinosoma specularifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FC306B85FBA0FB7B" author="Enderlein, G." box="[899,1063,1237,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="185 - 244" refId="ref5386" refString="Enderlein, G. (1911) Klassifikation der Oscinosominen. Sitzungsberiche der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 4, 185 - 244." type="journal article" year="1911">Enderlein, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(subsequent designation,
<bibRefCitation id="70214B7D5A314E36FA8A6B85FA1AFB7B" author="Sabrosky, C. W." box="[1337,1437,1237,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="735 - 765" refId="ref5774" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1941) An annotated list of genotypes of the Chloropidae of the world (Diptera). Annals of the entomological Society of America, 34, 735 - 765. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 34.4.735" type="journal article" year="1941">Sabrosky,</bibRefCitation>
1941: 759).
</paragraph>
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109
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@ -1,59 +1,59 @@
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@ -202,22 +202,20 @@ Unknown.
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, deposited in
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,
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, Vda.[Vereda]
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@ -225,25 +223,26 @@ Unknown.
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[eters], 26–28.
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[eters],
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[IX].2023,
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/
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con trampa
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colocada a nivel de un sistema lótico (al aire) / (LEUA-67353)
/ Captura con trampa Malaise colocada a nivel de un sistema lótico (al aire) / (
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)
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.
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<materialsCitation id="A4D83CD15A354E32FCE56B32FEB8FB37" collectingDate="1926-09-28" collectionCode="LEUA" collectorName="Y. Ramos-Pastrana" country="Colombia" elevation="2292" latitude="1.87" location="Florencia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.66917" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" specimenCode="LEUA-67354-67422" specimenCount="69" specimenCount-male="69" stateProvince="Caqueta" typeStatus="paratype">
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same data as holotype (
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LEUA-67354–67422)
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.
</paragraph>

109
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@ -223,25 +221,26 @@ Unknown.
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[eters], 26–28.
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[IX].2023,
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/
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con trampa
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colocada a nivel de un sistema lótico (al aire) / (LEUA-67423)
/ Captura con trampa Malaise colocada a nivel de un sistema lótico (al aire) / (
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)
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same data as holotype (
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LEUA-67424–67439)
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.
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