diff --git a/data/03/F2/24/03F22451103D2C2BFF5DF963FD985074.xml b/data/03/F2/24/03F22451103D2C2BFF5DF963FD985074.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dfb04f8d5b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F2/24/03F22451103D2C2BFF5DF963FD985074.xml @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ + + + +Torenia maculata, a new combination in Asian Linderniaceae + + + +Author + +Deng, Yunfei + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-04-06 + + +438 + + +2 + + +156 +158 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.438.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.438.2.9 +1179-3163 +13872871 + + + + + +Torenia maculata +(Botati) Y.F. Deng + +, + +comb. nov. + + + + + +Basionym: + +Lindernia maculata +Bonati (1927: 414) + +. + + + + +Type: + +Vietnam +, +Cochinchine, Dôp, province de Thudaumot +, + +21 November 1919 + +, + +E. Poilane +797 + +( +holotype +P00586610 +!) + +. + + + + += + +Vandellia pierreana +Bonati (1908: 538) + +. ≡ + +Lindernia pierreana +(Bonati) +Bonati (1927: 415) + +, +non + +Torenia pierreana +Bonati (1908: 513) + +. ≡ + +Torenia bonatii +Fisher +et al. +(2013: 231) + +, +nom. illeg. +(Art. 52.1). Type: +Vietnam +. Indo-Chine, in 1869, +Pierre s.n. +( +lectotype +here designated: P00586608!, +isolectotypes +P00586606!, P00586607!). + + += + +Vandellia ligulata +Yamazaki (1953: 37) + +. ≡ + +Lindernia ligulata +(T.Yamaz.) +Philcox (1970: 649) + +. Type: +Vietnam +[ +Tonkin +], Dran, +14 June 1921 +, +B. Hayata s.n. +( +holotype +TI). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/BE/12/B1/BE12B1757B3AFFA4CC7BA020BE4B167C.xml b/data/BE/12/B1/BE12B1757B3AFFA4CC7BA020BE4B167C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..014fabd070c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/BE/12/B1/BE12B1757B3AFFA4CC7BA020BE4B167C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1052 @@ + + + +New data on the presence and biology of the eastern Pacific black ghostshark Hydrolagus melanophasma (Chimaeridae) from the Peruvian coast + + + +Author + +Donayre-Salazar, Susan +0000-0003-3020-0778 +Laboratorio Costero de Pisco, Instituto del Mar del Peru, Av. Los Libertadores, A- 12, Urbanización Golf – Paracas, Pisco, Peru. +sdonayre@imarpe.gob.pe + + + +Author + +Roque-Sánchez, Máximo +0000-0003-1730-3932 +Laboratorio Costero de Pisco, Instituto del Mar del Peru, Av. Los Libertadores, A- 12, Urbanización Golf – Paracas, Pisco, Peru. +mroque@imarpe.gob.pe + + + +Author + +Campos-León, Sarita +0000-0001-6361-0883 +Laboratorio Costero de Camaná, Instituto del Mar del Peru, Carretera Panamericana Sur, km 848, La Pampa, Camaná, Arequipa, Peru. +scampos@imarpe.gob.pe + + + +Author + +Sotil, Giovanna +0000-0002-1583-8821 +Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Área Funcional de Investigaciones enAcuicultura, Instituto del Mar del Peru, Esq. Gamarra y Gral. Valle s / n, Apartado 22, Callao, Lima, Peru & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Ciudad Universitaria, Lima, Peru. +gsotil@imarpe.gob.pe & gsotilc@unmsm.edu.pe + + + +Author + +Huamaní-Galindo, José +0000-0001-8608-9920 +Laboratorio Costero de Pisco, Instituto del Mar del Peru, Av. Los Libertadores, A- 12, Urbanización Golf – Paracas, Pisco, Peru. +jhuamani@imarpe.gob.pe + + + +Author + +Béarez, Philippe +0000-0003-0397-2393 +UMR AASPE 7209 (Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements), 55 rue Buffon, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France +bearez@mnhn.fr + +text + + +Cybium + + +2024 + +2024-03-19 + + +48 + + +2 + + +97 +109 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108 + +journal article +10.26028/cybium/2024-009 +2101-0315 +14681645 + + + + + + +RESULTS + + + + + + + +Morphological description + + + +Based on the examination of +16 specimens +and the data gathered on this particular species, the identification of the chimaeras as + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +has been definitively confirmed. These specimens were distinguished by their substantial and robust body, featuring a uniform black coloration that tapers towards a whip-like tail with a caudal filament. Their snout is blunt and gently sloping from the orbits to the tip. The mouth is relatively small and positioned ventrally, while the eyes are of moderate size. The pectoral fins exhibit a large, triangular anterior margin that extends to or beyond the insertion point of the pelvic fin when placed against the body. The anterior margin of the pelvic fins is straight with a convex posterior margin. The lateral line extends along the body, starting from its junction with the postorbital canal and extending all the way to the whip-like tail. The first dorsal fin takes on a triangular shape with a short base, a concave posterior margin, and a noticeable spine (though it was found to be broken in the observed specimens), whereas the second dorsal fin is elongated and of uniform height. The caudal fin features dorsal and ventral lobes of approximately equal size, and an absent anal fin. The mouth is positioned ventrally and contains three pairs of beak-like, yellowish-grey tooth plates, each with pale tritor rods. Notably, the vomerine tooth plates exhibit longitudinal tritor rods which vary in number between the sexes, females possess six longitudinal tritor rods and males have eight. The mandibular plates also have longitudinal crushing rods, which are not readily discernible for counting ( +Fig. 3 +). Detailed information on the body length and proportions of the specimens can be found in Table II. + + + +Figure 3. – Morphology of the vomerine tooth plates in both sexes of + +Hydrolagus melanophasma +. + +A +: Females with six tritor rods; +B +: Males with eight tritor rods. + + + + +Reproductive system + + + +Among the +four males +collected in this study only one was an adult, measuring +1130 mm +in total length (Qui_15). This specimen exhibited strongly developed and calcified hooks ( +105 mm +), along with the presence of a cephalic tenaculum featuring 38 spines ( +Fig. 4 +), and pre-pelvic tenacula adorned with six thorn-shaped denticles ( +Fig. 5A +). The remaining +three males +(Qui_02, Qui_07 and Qui_13) were juveniles and did not exhibit mature testis or calcified hooks ( +Fig. 5B +). + + +Measurements of the male (Qui_07) reproductive apparatus were performed. Male testis averaged +25 mm +in length, +1.4 mm +in width, and the vas deferens +90 mm +in length ( +Fig.6A +). The females measured between +973 mm +and +1378 mm +TL. Gonads of +two adult +females (Qui_05 and Qui_06) were analysed, showing previtellogenic oocytes with diameters ranging from +1.3 mm +to +8.5 mm +(mean +3.8 mm +). The ovaries had a mean length of +56.4 mm +and a mean width of +49.7 mm +. The oviducal gland had a mean length of +52.1 mm +and a mean width of +24.2 mm +. The uterus averaged +170.9 mm +in length and +12.4 mm +in width ( +Fig. 6b +). + + + +Figure 6. – Reproductive apparatus of + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +. +A +: Male-90.6 cm (Qui_07): (1) testes and (2) vas deferens. +B +: Female-122.2 cm (Qui_06): (3) ovary, (4) oocyte, (5) oviducal gland and (6) uterus. + + + + +Figure 4. – Morphological characteristics of + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +. Cephalic tenaculum in male specimen (Qui_15). + + + + +Figure 5. – + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +claspers. +A +: Adult male-113.0 cm (Qui_15), prepelvic tenaculum; +B +: Juvenile male-90.6 cm (Qui_07). + + + +Molecular identification + + +Mitochondrial DNA COI (652 bp) and 16S (574 bp) sequences were obtained from the +16 specimens +. For the COI gene, a mean nucleotide composition of A (25.1%), T (29.8%), G (17.0%), and C (28.2%), and only one nucleotide difference at position 625 (A/G) was observed when the sequences were compared. For the 16S, all sequences were identical, recording a mean nucleotide composition of A (31.7%), T (26.1%), G (20.7%), and C (21.4%). All the sequences obtained in this study were deposited in the GenBank database, with accession numbers from OK427213 to OK427228 (COI) and from OK427231 to OK427246 (16S). + + +The top hits of the COI sequences, considering the highest BLASTn scores and a query coverage of> 90, showed a 98% identity with different species of the genus, such as + +Hydrolagus affinis +(de Brito Capello, 1868) + +, + +Hydrolagus mirabilis +(Collett, 1904) + +, and + +H. trolli + +; however, no accessible registered sequences for + +H. melanophasma + +were found in any public nucleotide database. Furthermore, the 16S sequences showed a 99.83-100% identity with the two records for + +H. melanophasma + +(HQ645967 and HQ645968) available from +Baja California Sur +, +Mexico +. + + +All the COI sequences registered under the genus + +Hydrolagus + +in GenBank (n = 23; the other 39 registered as + +H. ogilbyi + +, + +H. lemures + +and + +H. +cf. +lemures + +have the current status of + +Chimaera ogilbyi + +) were selected and aligned (532 bp) with those obtained in this study. Sequences from 8 species were compared and a total of 110 variable sites were identified (with 101 PI). Comparing the sequences of + +H. melanophasma + +(from this study) with + +H. affinis + +and + +H. mirabilis + +(species with the highest scores in BLASTn), only 9 variable sites were recorded, of which 8 were PI (Table SI). On the other hand, only 12 sequences of the 16S gene (from 8 species, excluding sequence HM147139) were recovered from GenBank, registered as genus + +Hydrolagus + +. Comparing these sequences with those obtained in this study (429 bp), 38 variable sites were recorded, of which 17 were PI; however, when limiting the comparison to consider only those with the highest BLASTn hits ( + +H. melanophasma + +and + +H. affinis + +), 3 variable sites were identified, and only 1 substitution was observed when comparing with + +H. melanophasma + +from +Mexico +(Table SII). + + +The K2P pairwise distances between + +Hydrolagus +species + +, based on the COI gene, showed a difference of between 1.2% (between + +H. affinis + +and this study) and 18.1% ( + +Hydrolagus africanus +(Gilchrist, 1922) + +and this study). + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +differed from other + +Hydrolagus +species + +within a range of 1.2 to 16.9% (Table III). In contrast, based on 16S rRNA, the genetic distance between + +H. melanophasma + +from this study and +Mexico +was 0.1%, whereas between congeneric species it was in the range of 0.1 to 5.6% (Table IV). + + + +Table III. +– +Kimura-2-parameter distances calculated among species within genus + +Hydrolagus + +, based on mtDNA COI gene sequences. (n = number of sequences per species obtained from the GenBank database.) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Speciesn12345678
1This study16–
2 + +Hydrolagus affinis + +70.012
3 + +Hydrolagus mirabilis + +10.0130.002
4 + +Hydrolagus trolli + +30.0180.0160.017
5 + +Hydrolagus pallidus + +20.0160.0150.0160.021
6 + +Hydrolagus lusitanicus + +20.0140.0130.0140.0190.003
7 + +Hydrolagus novaezealandiae + +30.1050.0950.0980.1000.1030.101
8 + +Hydrolagus macrophthalmus + +10.1550.1470.1500.1550.1510.1490.141
9 + +Hydrolagus africanus + +40.1690.1590.1620.1670.1580.1580.1440.074
+ + + +Table IV. – Kimura-2-parameter distances calculated among species within genus + +Hydrolagus + +, based on mtDNA 16S gene sequences. (n = number of sequences per species obtained from the GenBank database.) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Speciesn12345679
1This study16-
2 + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +(MEXICO) +20.001
3 + +Hydrolagus affinis + +10.0050.006
4 + +Hydrolagus mirabilis + +10.0310.0320.034
5 + +Hydrolagus novaezealandiae + +10.0440.0450.0440.056
6 + +Hydrolagus africanus + +10.0190.0200.0240.0240.049
7 + +Hydrolagus cf. alberti + +10.0240.0250.0290.0290.0540.005
8 + +Hydrolagus barbouri + +10.0240.0250.0290.0360.0490.0240.029
9 + +Hydrolagus colliei + +40.0310.0320.0360.0410.0490.0290.0340.017
+ + +The phylogenetic tree, based on the COI gene, showed that + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +formed a monophyletic clade (97% bootstrap). This species grouped closest to four species reported from the North Atlantic Ocean ( + +H. affinis +, +H. mirabilis + +, + +Hydrolagus lusitanicus +Moura, Figueiredo, Bordalo-Machado, Almeida & Gordo, 2005 + +, and + +Hydrolagus pallidus +Hardy & Stehmann, 1990 + +) and one from the South Pacific ( + +H. trolli + +). It is interesting to mention that only one species ( + +H. macrophthalmus + +) from South America ( +Chile +) was registered in GenBank, but was clustered in a different clade together with + +H. africanus + +( +Fig. 7 +). The NJ tree based on the 16S gene sequences, showed that + +H. melanophasma + +from +Peru +(this study) clustered with those reported from +Mexico +and + +H. affinis + +(87% bootstrap), while + +H. mirabilis + +was grouped in a different clade with + +H. africanus + +and + +Hydrolagus +cf. +alberti + +( +Fig. 8 +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION + + + +Distribution and diversity + + + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +is known to inhabit the Tropical +Eastern Pacific +, spanning from +California +to Patagonia (Ebert, 2016). Various authors have reported and studied this species throughout the +eastern Pacific +, including + +James +et al +. (2009) + +, + +Bustamante +et al +. (2012) + +, +Mejía-Mercado (2013) +, + +Aguirre-Villaseñor +et al +. (2013) + +, +Martínez-Ortíz and García-Domínguez (2013) +, Márquez-Faríaz and Lara-Mendoza (2014), Ebert (2016), + +Araya +et al +. (2020) + +and + +Giddens +et al +. (2020) + +, encompassing a vast geographical range from California, USA ( +36°N +) to Valdivia, southern +Chile +( +40°S +), including the +Galapagos Islands +. Records pertaining to mainland +Ecuador +, however, have raised some concerns. These references are based on the works of +Martínez-Ortíz and García-Domínguez (2013) +and + +Aguirre-Villaseñor +et al. +(2013) + +. Unfortunately, the latter mentioned erroneous coordinates, +i.e. +10°25’N +; +78°52’W +, which actually correspond to a location in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of +Panama +, not +Ecuador +. In addition, there appears to have been some confusion between Isla Santa Rosa ( +Esmeraldas +, northern +Ecuador +) and the fishing harbour of Santa Rosa (Santa Elena, southern +Ecuador +) whose coordinates are +2°12’28.5”S +; +80°57’W +, and which is the locality referred to by +Martínez-Ortíz and García-Domínguez (2013) +. It is therefore plausible that the specimen originated from the +Gulf of Guayaquil +, at around +3°S +, as + +Aguirre-Villaseñor +et al. +(2013) + +reported that the locality was +74 km +south of +Santa Rosa +. + + + +Figure 7. – Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic tree based on the mtDNA COI gene sequences (532 bp) of genus + +Hydrolagus + +obtained from GenBank and in this study. Numbers in branches indicate bootstrap values (percentages of 1000 replicates). (*) + +Chimaera ogilbyi + +used as an outgroup. + + + + +Figure 8. – Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic tree based on the 16S gene (429 bp) from genus + +Hydrolagus + +obtained from GenBank and in this study. (*) HM147139 + +H. lemures + +synonym of + +Chimaera ogilbyi + +. Numbers in branches indicate bootstrap values (percentages of 1000 replicates). + + + +In +Peru +, the first mention of the genus + +Hydrolagus + +was made by +Chirichigno (1968) +, in reference to an undescribed species of an undetermined male specimen measuring +601 mm +TL collected at +17°37’S- +71°35’W +( +Fig. 9A +). +This +specimen was sent to +C.L. Hubbs +at +Scripps Institution of Oceanography +(SIO) ( +Chirichigno, 1968: 396 +). +Subsequently +, +Chirichigno (1974) +introduced some confusion by presenting a separate drawing of a + +Hydrolagus + +specimen, possibly representing + +H. melanophasma + +( +Fig. 9B +). +Although +Chirichigno (1976) +recorded + +H. macrophthalmus + +, they still maintained the existence of an undescribed species of + +Hydrolagus + +, whose drawing ( +Chirichigno, 1976 +: fig. 3) corresponds to that in +Chirichigno (1974 +: fig. 5). +Unfortunately +, it has never been given a scientific name by the author. +Both +species then appeared in successive publications by the same author ( +Chirichigno and Vélez, 1998 +; +Chirichigno and Cornejo, 2001 +). + + +One of the authors (PB) observed two large male individuals (ca. +1 m +TL) in Ilo on +20 November 2007 +, although they could not be preserved due to their substantial size. +Didier and Meckley (2009) +mentioned two species off +Peru +: + +Hydrolagus macrophthalmus + +and + +Hydrolagus +sp. + +Three individuals ( +522-990 mm +TL; +267-545 mm +BDL) of the latter were obtained between 1998 and 2003, and the authors suggested that these specimens might represent the same species as the one cited by +Chirichigno (1974) +. + + +The new species was finally described in 2009 based on specimens from northern +Mexico +and California ( + +James +et al. +, 2009 + +), but the study did not include any specimens from +Peru +. Furthermore, the latest list of chondrichthyans from +Peru +, published by + +Cornejo +et al. +(2015) + +, does not include + +Hydrolagus macrophthalmus + +. In +Ecuador +, + +H. melanophasma + +has been cited by +Martínez-Ortíz and García-Domínguez (2013) +and +Calle-Morán and Béarez (2020) +, whilst in +Chile +it has been reported from Taltal ( + +Araya +et al., +2020 + +) and Valdivia ( + +Bustamante +et al., +2012 + +) at depths of +1150 to 1800 m +( +Fig. 1 +). The specimens in this study were caught at depths between 1200 and +1700 m +, which aligns with the findings of + +Alfaro-Shigueto +et al +. (2022) + +who reported depths between 1360 and +1618 m +. + + + +Fishery + + + + +Finucci +et al. +(2021) + +mention that chimaeras are a datapoor group, that little is known about their fisheries, and that their catches are perhaps the least reported among chondrichthyans. As far as + +Hydrolagus melanophasma + +is concerned, the species is frequently encountered in fisheries such as the Patagonian toothfish fishery operating along the western coast of South America in +Ecuador +, +Peru +, and +Chile +( + +Finucci +et al. +, 2021 + +). High proportions of + +Hydrolagus +sp. + +have been mentioned by +Bustamante-Ruiz (1997) +and + +Alfaro-Shigueto +et al. +(2022) + +in the Patagonian toothfish fishery in +Peru +. Here, we report on catches using bottom longlines equipped with rows composed of a horizontal mother line containing 900 6/0 Mustad hooks. The bait used in this fishery includes species such as + +Auxis eudorax +Collette & Aadland, 1996 + +, + +Trachurus murphyi +Nicols, 1920 + +and + +Sphoeroides +spp. + +, in accordance with information provided by local fishermen. However, the volume of landings and discards of + +H. melanophasma + +bycatch in Peruvian deepwater longline fisheries is currently unknown and needs to be assessed. + + + + \ No newline at end of file