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<document id="F7B6FB4ED6310B23889706588DB95413" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561" ID-ZooBank="0E173F72-36D3-4B97-BC43-F096067A3D1E" ID-publisher-id="132561" URI-arpha="D43572E8-1035-521E-817F-77B73A520DC2" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/0E173F72-36D3-4B97-BC43-F096067A3D1E" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1729868652905" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Bing, Li, Jinglin, Li, Shuqiang &amp; Yao, Zhiyuan" docDate="2024" docId="12EF7C27F2705B43803B632567E519EA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1216: 265-302" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1216" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/132561/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Belisana qixingguan Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="36AE89A6-13DA-416B-9C06-C86DD3300EC4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="302" masterDocId="D43572E81035521E817F77B73A520DC2" masterDocTitle="Nine new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of species of the genus from Guizhou, southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="302" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1729869086227" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="10A32933E9200A8E15EECE5DD5AE4F04">Nine new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of species of the genus from Guizhou, southwestern China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="639211C6706A67DE62C765D63A86D398" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1C30EA9FF397B778EC6227E65F1C4726">Wang, Bing</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7AA2963B8297F4E0AA25DF8AFC31299" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7047-4395</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="669E8F754E79020EBF47319CF711B3E3">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6D640668FCB6D7FCBA2E1FE8F3E9BA89">Li, Jinglin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="002CE8495E76AC4B85464E0646E8ABA7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3932-309X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="523E32159E2C84416405EDE18C5AFA14">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F7204B091360A0F247702660666CD2BA">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAFD43AD2EB9B31CC36EFD8C984B7D65" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BD37253DDE635D24E0361ED4989117C1">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B56B309EF0E7E8D9BCA48F13A23361B">Yao, Zhiyuan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1CD520F15689912D30C390546582C590" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1631-0949</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2AEA6DB29EB06950FA71052DEC7DDF33">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="4C151AC874FED9DA1BA95BE6AA4F8898">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8170191E5F10B4E54CA926A148BEF4D">2024-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3763180C7257B98B077DBC394E2DEC74">1216</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DD97761D2010081E4B73B10F16A570E8" type="ZooBank">0E173F72-36D3-4B97-BC43-F096067A3D1E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="12EF7C27F2705B43803B632567E519EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13992760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13992760" ID-arpha="12EF7C27-F270-5B43-803B-632567E519EA" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/36AE89A6-13DA-416B-9C06-C86DD3300EC4" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:36AE89A6-13DA-416B-9C06-C86DD3300EC4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:36AE89A6-13DA-416B-9C06-C86DD3300EC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12EF7C27F2705B43803B632567E519EA">
<subSubSection id="4BE0F466222574375A89686BC58E88EA" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8D8FF7548020976BED0269C24BC2BDC2">
<taxonomicName id="8F5887B0A9459F2D9E99DCEB9ABE0B9C" authority="Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao" authorityName="Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qixingguan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F18DF5EF8E4B04F2A7C7296343990DC5" italics="true">Belisana qixingguan</emphasis>
Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47773CCF236D1A72962BFD0EBB04D75E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A984ADF8F0855BF6C2E48AF3B7FB4FFA" type="description">
<paragraph id="7FD2B647E68F7B153AC20DF314CCE64B">
<figureCitation id="77A75590255E3781B568C0A0864413DA" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A518CCA3C1C689B372FB159969716340" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43E258772B0558B7B9BD815DCDB26F6F" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 I, J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8A2C03C9C70EC5A7538E6AA5CB4FBBC5" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 I, J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2VBG" type="type material">
<paragraph id="F68CFDD2101B6A3A60D73B77E9C6CD52">
<heading id="F59658B147F8B185E36D367FDF63BEFF" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F811D04B6A14B51703D05E46CE8224A">
<materialsCitation id="3CF234E41ABB0AE8330524E92B0E18FD" collectingDate="2007-04-29" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="J. Liu &amp; Y. Lin &amp; Ar" country="China" county="Bijie" elevation="1580" latitude="27.231733" location="Changchun Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.17329" municipality="Qixingguan District" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="0C3EEFCC8B86379587E10CC1CCD78AC9" bold="true">
<emphasis id="FCBFDC6BD4E7E76C170AE381B61340F0" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="9099C28A5031ECC5F2CF62AD40AD1700" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="7FA800A607AB0DFC504CFA36E839041E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="FBEEB6CA25C07E703A08CF4099AA0DFD" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="824AAA7F95AED50BCA1CF362360B2311" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="4FF610C1BCE5FC16F825A0E234B0401A">Bijie</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C88F5BC043A487E3BC96A433FF975B73">Qixingguan District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3095BE36A82ABBB3CBE717C74D65D609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12EF7C27F2705B43803B632567E519EA:3095BE36A82ABBB3CBE717C74D65D609" country="China" county="Bijie" latitude="27.231733" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.17329" municipality="Qixingguan District" name="Changchun Town" stateProvince="Guizhou">Changchun Town</location>
,
<location id="A39583794F8B4D5D8888A09910F81599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12EF7C27F2705B43803B632567E519EA:A39583794F8B4D5D8888A09910F81599" country="China" county="Bijie" latitude="27.231733" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.17329" municipality="Qixingguan District" name="Changchun Village" stateProvince="Guizhou">Changchun Village</location>
,
<location id="1E7FB5A280668C619655BF1692D37642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12EF7C27F2705B43803B632567E519EA:1E7FB5A280668C619655BF1692D37642" country="China" county="Bijie" latitude="27.231733" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.17329" municipality="Qixingguan District" name="Changchun Cave" stateProvince="Guizhou">Changchun Cave</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EJWBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[105.173283,27.231733]}">
<geoCoordinate id="1177AF3F5B9B13966C5BEE16D99A9DC8" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="13.904" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.231733">27 ° 13.904 ' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7519EF29B916E71A67F6B7BC9E11EC81" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="10.397" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="105.17329">105 ° 10.397 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
; alt.
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<elevation id="73A70D900C3825477D2922021005A2E9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="1580.0">1580 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="0A7FF7DF861948369A1FF11C580BC31A" value="2007-04-29">
<collectingDate id="D4D66558DC36730421BFCCB8CAE11CBF" value="2007-04-29">29 Apr. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="3B3790DE007A31F3F23DB8BE1C835F35">J. Liu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="99CFBAD905853545FBDD0AD51B394031">Y. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="EFADE4117EB464D53D27845721449A01" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="78732DFBA435D702514D8EE279DF2392" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<collectorName id="9B3E43B5A6508A07F91E5A9AE39EB2CE">Ar</collectorName>
45206
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B34EA793DFC4067552EE3329C9A6AA73" collectingDate="2007-04-29" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="J. Liu &amp; Y. Lin &amp; Ar" country="China" county="Bijie" elevation="1580" latitude="27.231733" location="Changchun Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.17329" municipality="Qixingguan District" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="7CB8AE993A506D0192BE908B4872D35C" bold="true">
<emphasis id="28BFBB98303305AD17D200D9FB434219" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="A24BA74A932F453BF4D99B7D53B94AE6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="142E7A836AA14D1E5B107C73C3DAFA48" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9EFA6B5C1F1BA47C07783987CCC16E07" count="7" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype;
<named-content id="49590CD795822F6C6EFEFC9737D522EE" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="14FC130292DC6E1C1D9A270A9C2B515D" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
- Ar 45207–13
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1WBG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3664BC1FB0D71BC6AFE1E62670C08AE2">
<heading id="AC908BE684F79BC8D0E392DE7EC32F39" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56F5C9F8B850E1491A45CD91C1DC4032">
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="BCE8720F2D44594CC8D8EF95A7DA5942" authority="Zhang, Li &amp; Yao, 2024" authorityName="Zhang, Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tongi">
<emphasis id="7BD3BBCBD26BC22B3DD1D5D33E372D2A" italics="true">B. tongi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="04C917E882C42EB52B8C76E6231D9472" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951" author="Zhang L &amp; Wang Y &amp; Li S &amp; Zhang X &amp; Yao Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="315-330" refId="B23" refString="Zhang L, Wang Y, Li S, Zhang X, Yao Z (2024 a) Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1209.127951" title="Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China." volume="1209" year="2024">Zhang, Li &amp; Yao, 2024</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BDD85767F6CE3823811ECB3778AAA1B2" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633" author="Zhang L &amp; Wu Z &amp; Li S &amp; Yao Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="255-286" refId="B24" refString="Zhang L, Wu Z, Li S, Yao Z (2024 b) Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255–286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633" title="Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China." volume="1202">Zhang et al. 2024 b</bibRefCitation>
: 273, figs 12 A – D, 13 A – H, 18 K, L, 21 C, D) by having similar distal part of procursus (distal membranous process nearly half-round; arrow
<quantity id="D45792238AB1CA898B86C2020A4006E4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="0F6ED6DAC3E09BE83AF49E97177479C4" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BC681C3FFF09CE94716E53B163ABEA7D" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 I</figureCitation>
), bulbal apophysis (hooked; Fig.
<figureCitation id="CBEB8F3E4CD0B4FF14D389B50345C99F" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 C</figureCitation>
), and epigyne (epigynal pockets on postero-lateral part of epigynal plate, epigynal plate posteriorly curved; Figs
<figureCitation id="B3C44B469EB0FF33AEDA316780D744E3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0AF49FD7E39EE61DA8500EABF9B57838" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 I</figureCitation>
), but can be distinguished by procursus without distal membranous lamella (Figs
<figureCitation id="C21A3E1A9673A7C2FA5FFEB86A123228" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0579D090EEB046FA2D4E35D4B63188BA" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 I</figureCitation>
vs present), by male cheliceral distal apophyses pointing downwards (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELYBG" xlink_title="distal apophysis">da</abbrev>
in Fig.
<figureCitation id="0F3EEDFCC07E70EC36EB77068B59C6A4" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 D</figureCitation>
vs outwards), by vulva without teeth (Figs
<figureCitation id="5F1188271EDDF9380D3554D3D47EC45B" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3ADECD4874FAB5D021C813F003AE1406" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 J</figureCitation>
vs present), and by vulval pore plates medially narrow and posteriorly strongly widened (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2YBG" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="8189BED129B822775B98C894AF0B940C" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7B6395C3A62040D8F54995F298CAAC1C" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 J</figureCitation>
vs nearly triangular).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9B5DFAED35ADB0B69EBD6C6E91D6CBD8" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" ID-arpha="260422A0-CD22-57F9-AD75-ED54DAAA7E3E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="D5EDE9965AA1F657D1E31A8D85F9BCE9">
<label id="3FDD3F357C6EADBAF3DAE82CD06A974D">Figure 10.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6AAEB9BF8A180992C89854622A0654D">
<taxonomicName id="99131F73999E938BD8C5EB6C4E211C6C" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qixingguan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3C51A90489062AACB7BC11B2AC032F9" italics="true">Belisana qixingguan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5172640ED61FC856D743174E3FD48A8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male
<emphasis id="A287B53D423F67E9BE14DEB47F555EA2" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
palp (
<emphasis id="9F883156668B70F89B20F3B461215420" bold="true">A</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis id="8E0DBF19AA5DEEF313CDFC07588ED2A1" bold="true">B</emphasis>
retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion)
<emphasis id="60CA49DD67E55A6C3A69399DB4F92E4B" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
distal part of procursus (
<emphasis id="DDA77F67CA99BD12D5E1311BA0802FC9" bold="true">C</emphasis>
prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine
<emphasis id="8097FCAD304115D0874CFA920C576D43" bold="true">D</emphasis>
retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EG1BG" xlink_title="bulbal apophysis">ba</abbrev>
= bulbal apophysis, e = embolus,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EK1BG" xlink_title="procursus">pr</abbrev>
= procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (
<emphasis id="738DAA87A9A2DA7D3162FAAC7AEB5AD7" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.05 (
<emphasis id="E88C47F420460EC2FA441B8CB0B50ACA" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9692E847D761041245DD560928072C22" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" ID-arpha="224C330D-23DC-514D-B441-1579D51D328B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="F3E984024CD600C0E12488413F6B3C13">
<label id="BA49A5FD6A3FE31D58BEA41ADF8E0CAF">Figure 11.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A9324D109725C4149BEBA66C769DEA5">
<taxonomicName id="4DAF2E499EB3FE3AFDE7177B94C94259" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qixingguan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="53A8CD7DD86BBF7FAEBD23615C610122" italics="true">Belisana qixingguan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9297C77819B49C22EEA41056F85B95B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (
<emphasis id="DC7FA6FA11CA266EFF996F57761C82E4" bold="true">C – F</emphasis>
) and paratype female (
<emphasis id="BCBC24C8074319732AE928730AD5069D" bold="true">A, B, G, H</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="558D6050A3923477FF4D9FAB90B39E26" bold="true">A</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view
<emphasis id="DC610D40138B344828B3B0A2B233274B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion
<emphasis id="5A8B07BD75FC1ABE6058D7D2809D8F8F" bold="true">C</emphasis>
bulb, prolateral view
<emphasis id="9691F1C643758E13144100D05B8EBF7F" bold="true">D</emphasis>
chelicerae, frontal view
<emphasis id="2687CBA0ABD1134374890D44728B2F98" bold="true">E – H</emphasis>
habitus (
<emphasis id="A3465279FED49C29A3A1060D0C611684" bold="true">E, G</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="ADA451BD15A1A293A9188B716793DCA7" bold="true">F</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="0B110AD3D0FBAE1EEF8FE7A36597B024" bold="true">H</emphasis>
ventral view). Abbreviations:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E52BG" xlink_title="anterior arch">aa</abbrev>
= anterior arch, b = bulb,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EC3BG" xlink_title="bulbal apophysis">ba</abbrev>
= bulbal apophysis,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EG3BG" xlink_title="distal apophysis">da</abbrev>
= distal apophysis, e = embolus,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EK3BG" xlink_title="epigynal pocket">ep</abbrev>
= epigynal pocket,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EO3BG" xlink_title="proximo-lateral apophysis">pa</abbrev>
= proximo-lateral apophysis,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ES3BG" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
= pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (
<emphasis id="8B65B4467E9AD9C674125F0268119C3D" bold="true">A – D</emphasis>
); 0.50 (
<emphasis id="1B6E1C31DEF3D684029B5EEC7F18A921" bold="true">E – H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="28CA07FED871ACCD7761913A3FDA310E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure12" ID-arpha="0362F4E8-2CE5-5D21-8101-691DDF1E5704" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161057" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="4A22800E499AF1F5049A5B4996BCD487">
<label id="AFBFF4FF64C065FA55D8BEF96167FF9C">Figure 12.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1A3AC35CA0F619F7BCADEBA67E18230">
<taxonomicName id="F6BC6E83FDD0C3D75CDFF6303EE41DF7" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiuwen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78BEABB7DBD2C943FBDB8C8C4BCA7F33" italics="true">Belisana xiuwen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7D9018846963D7AFF6A409AB0EB04441" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male
<emphasis id="4C0C68D8A70EC038D8CA5738F2A2AB84" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
palp (
<emphasis id="42934D34F513624971B9D011F9B3DB68" bold="true">A</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis id="3755469C3018A5E803A0B9E658BDC62C" bold="true">B</emphasis>
retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion)
<emphasis id="4503AE52E8B5BCEAEDD658269409F533" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
distal part of procursus (
<emphasis id="92D486F396FCF628C2F12A7459FBCFA3" bold="true">C</emphasis>
prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal spine
<emphasis id="0EB5ABC1156DE0CFA920E79EFED5E36A" bold="true">D</emphasis>
retrolateral view). Abbreviations: f = flap,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E54BG" xlink_title="procursus">pr</abbrev>
= procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (
<emphasis id="A1B455BE08FAD0E65CAA156FC0540495" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.02 (
<emphasis id="C7EDC222E5BA4E9B0D8C34D48C9240D0" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8FAC603D7BAE9DC8F5884C24453F7590" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure13" ID-arpha="40ED5424-C87F-5DC8-902A-EA3095488026" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161058" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="E2E092A9E2C6F893F483A72A50BCFE6C">
<label id="55F7BAA1EF7C950079B29188D97EFDAB">Figure 13.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C7EFA09D44C87237695F4A73EF4BD7ED">
<taxonomicName id="D80A83FE593901ADC684C439A281C417" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiuwen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FE71041350D0603A19A83739B34ADA5D" italics="true">Belisana xiuwen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="11886DD5222BD12481010343917AEBCD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (
<emphasis id="F15C49152D07A09D682F4A64E3794118" bold="true">C – F</emphasis>
) and paratype female (
<emphasis id="B936D4A4ED4EDA7EB9F5953884C4F9DD" bold="true">A, B, G, H</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="34611D8D5EA65A65BE0C0C7697C80800" bold="true">A</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view
<emphasis id="55D1848EF9641916A451F7AC4B5E5A9A" bold="true">B</emphasis>
vulva, dorsal view
<emphasis id="01547679F25CBAA64052BB974A2D4EE5" bold="true">C</emphasis>
bulb, prolateral view
<emphasis id="588D476F6FF9752DE8F1B178D0727189" bold="true">D</emphasis>
chelicerae, frontal view
<emphasis id="0D26C4550D70780BA2FFC4CD9799C9A0" bold="true">E – H</emphasis>
habitus (
<emphasis id="F7DEF8744BAB9B37C71ED35EE01FCBA8" bold="true">E, G</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="2325E3A13CCB94BAC3641BF0F98A70D2" bold="true">F</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="CE1B6C983BF426D32A5F06526269AD43" bold="true">H</emphasis>
ventral view). Abbreviations:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ES6BG" xlink_title="anterior arch">aa</abbrev>
= anterior arch, b = bulb,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EW6BG" xlink_title="bulbal apophysis">ba</abbrev>
= bulbal apophysis,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E16BG" xlink_title="distal apophysis">da</abbrev>
= distal apophysis, e = embolus,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E56BG" xlink_title="epigynal pocket">ep</abbrev>
= epigynal pocket,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDAAI" xlink_title="proximo-lateral apophysis">pa</abbrev>
= proximo-lateral apophysis,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHAAI" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
= pore plate. Scale bars: 0.05 (
<emphasis id="D8A7CC9C90955EAAA58F4D71495EE55B" bold="true">A – D</emphasis>
); 0.50 (
<emphasis id="14A6348AB8CC06B0A3A5375D5385B1B8" bold="true">E – H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUAAI" type="description">
<paragraph id="56A34C0F43AC630723157245626D9757">
<heading id="FFA1805C42081184C8584F26853E2A94" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D51153D6C1F84FBE1FC427F41223695A">
<emphasis id="14EB2D887BCEA37E6F5CA36E6495B3FB" bold="true">Male</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="8B483EE77EC0CBE2A0968D696BC51BDE" bold="true">
<typeStatus id="43EE7C582B26CC877924E2637E2F4C62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
): Total length 1.78 (1.89 with clypeus), prosoma 0.68 long, 0.75 wide, opisthosoma 1.10 long, 0.77 wide. Leg I: 14.43 (3.80, 0.31, 3.72, 5.00, 1.60), leg II: – (3.00, 0.31, 2.66, 3.75, –), leg III missing, leg IV: 7.17 (2.13, 0.27, 1.66, 2.41, 0.70); tibia I
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5AAI" xlink_title="length/diameter">L / d</abbrev>
: 50. Eye interdistances and diameters:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECBAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGBAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.14,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKBAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.08,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOBAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESBAI" xlink_title="anterior lateral eye">ALE</abbrev>
0.02. Sternum width / length: 0.55 / 0.48. Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="B2FF2091D3DB17426204FA1F2DACEB6F" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 E, F</figureCitation>
. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellowish, with brown radiating marks; ocular area with brown median stripe; clypeus brown; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, with black spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1BAI" xlink_title="proximo-lateral apophysis">pa</abbrev>
in Fig.
<figureCitation id="CB2BA50E9533C22C5ECCF9A1DAE90B81" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 D</figureCitation>
) and pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.29;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECCAI" xlink_title="distal apophysis">da</abbrev>
in Fig.
<figureCitation id="6A9971A2FC6F2B4FD6A05F824217FEE2" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 D</figureCitation>
). Palp as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="DF3A5A6BDA7FCE510BD3896F6107FB46" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 A, B</figureCitation>
; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow
<quantity id="55C65A989FACE7B8F1222325E83C564A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB655227490125EA24D9D72BF149AD4B" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 B</figureCitation>
); femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow
<quantity id="A8EDDDB98E2E101D13D7CBFA245299B0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
Fig.
<figureCitation id="4B5545EC1FB694323F079886965BB61A" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 B</figureCitation>
); procursus simple, with distal membranous process (arrow
<quantity id="21B87F5818B22FB495E5FD9DC4D7FDCA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="DEFB04F64464CB49EABCB2C765D6AA11" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="76B0B4F0C3AB2E544746408F7ABA1E3A" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 I</figureCitation>
) and subdistal spine (arrow
<quantity id="D38F6394FF685814DC307509A76B0C29" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="968AEAE639CF6446DDFCB1137E721BAC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at distal membranous process, arrow 2 points at subdistal spine D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161055">10 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3900C71B5AB2806208801BB40C07C645" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 I</figureCitation>
); bulb with hooked apophysis (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGDAI" xlink_title="bulbal apophysis">ba</abbrev>
in Fig.
<figureCitation id="12A0C7460100EB9A98AF96311EDB8E1E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 C</figureCitation>
) and simple embolus (e in Fig.
<figureCitation id="5D3E7CA56C9287E412FF6CDC6EC1E5D3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 C</figureCitation>
). Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 10 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 15 distinct pseudosegments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E2DF51AC4987A705A15B97DD92BC31A">
<emphasis id="4C6999DB9EBFA4F2E849BAC815034362" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="176B06D1C976095EB4F6B8EDD25165F7" bold="true">
<typeStatus id="2CD5F86343914403520868EEF4DFEA90" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<named-content id="092FD8F26341C7732A7C87684B283682" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="E30A3BFB3F7EF476B8CA29299BB04D1C" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
- Ar 45207): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="4C32BCA4B21216B63CAE1683B777DEDB" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 G, H</figureCitation>
. Total length 2.04 (2.15 with clypeus), prosoma 0.78 long, 0.81 wide, opisthosoma 1.26 long, 1.00 wide; tibia I: 3.08; tibia I
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAEAI" xlink_title="length/diameter">L / d</abbrev>
: 39. Eye interdistances and diameters:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEEAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIEAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.12,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMEAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.08,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQEAI" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUEAI" xlink_title="anterior lateral eye">ALE</abbrev>
0.02. Sternum width / length: 0.55 / 0.46. Epigyne simple and flat, posteriorly curved, with pair of postero-lateral pockets 0.28 apart (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYEAI" xlink_title="epigynal pocket">ep</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="BB52B97CB7407FB56C095B440CA0B671" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26D97FDAD7408522612EB724018AA1DB" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 I</figureCitation>
). Vulva with curved anterior arch (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEFAI" xlink_title="anterior arch">aa</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="D904134F274EF3014EDAC30B95F85C10" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="742229A65EE8A090C068678B9CA1B0EA" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 J</figureCitation>
), pair of medially narrow and posteriorly strongly widened pore plates (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQFAI" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="FAE54DB2A961AFC47B368B83110E5F4D" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9149D2505F031E462F348ABE8D476D8C" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 J</figureCitation>
), and pair of sclerotized protrusions (arrow in Figs
<figureCitation id="577A220FF56EA7388104B391B36E3732" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Belisana qixingguan sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at sclerotized protrusion C bulb, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161056">11 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="79F6751523CCF1F3F65CD02DFF85745D" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEGAI" type="variation">
<paragraph id="6D10F9A237A8C6346592B259E7EF6181">
<heading id="C252C41B751EE65E7CF5BD53E9D8EDCB" reason="title">Variation.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08C3C3CEC71B8D70FB86F09506178835">
Tibia I in the other
<specimenCount id="5DB6F860002BC6D7D751C155AB09CACC" count="6" type="female">six female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="4CB750A8FBA0366060701B21CD57C15C" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<named-content id="0797C40B1C146D9F57DC031AC7074DA4" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="D7161CC25DD572FCCDAE34AE37076921" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
- Ar 45208–13): 2.89–3.09.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOGAI" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="4CF3DBA2AD9A07C09238EA09BA34B3BA">
<heading id="3E05799D899D04FA315A3A148BF660C0" reason="title">Habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2353D9A6B26CAD2AB4A1641CB696C7DD">The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETGAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3D02107FB6B2E311A29E0A05932AD5B9">
<heading id="44CEDB6BA5A7DF0C565F7FB7102BAB49" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0352EDEF7C1D9E64C555575BBC2E1C53">
<collectingCountry id="57B3CC735D06CBEB5DB3F76C99DCAEB1" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="16D9458FCE4DE621F611E97A3C61D111" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<typeStatus id="E993E6668DE388845AF6F058DFD6E326">type</typeStatus>
locality; Fig.
<figureCitation id="EBBA728DB4C7DC0D9E58DFADBE0F0056" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution records of the Belisana species from Guizhou, China 1 Belisana bijie sp. nov. 2 B. daji Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 3 B. douqing Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 4 B. galeiformis Zhang &amp; Peng, 2011 5 B. lii Chen, Yu &amp; Guo, 2016 6 B. liupanshui sp. nov. 7 B. majiang sp. nov. 8 B. nayong sp. nov. 9 B. qixingguan sp. nov. 10 B. wangchengi Wang, Yao &amp; Zhang, 2024 11 B. xishui Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 12 B. xiuwen sp. nov. 13 B. yanhe Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 14 B. yongcong sp. nov. 15 B. yuhaoi Yang &amp; Yao, 2023 16 B. zhangi Tong &amp; Li, 2007 17 B. zhouxi sp. nov. 18 B. zunyi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161046">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4GAI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1FD8DA10042E9C0322E00216601CD9E2">
<heading id="812ECBA8C69EAC9242758AA61B4D96DA" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="098A2CABA530A753E5A6DFBB39B5B1EC">
The specific name refers to the
<typeStatus id="FBBACAD7A8794A24E54B33C472E69C44">type</typeStatus>
locality; noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>