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<document id="61D6B3309C407B83EBC547CA9483C4AA" ID-DOI="10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.018" ID-ISSN="1807-0205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135221" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1689079067636" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Ruan Felipe da, Brito, Rodrigo de Oliveira, Martins, Ivan Carlos Fernandes, Campos, Lourival Dias, Mello, Marcello Neiva de & Pearson, David Leander" docDate="2023" docId="B02687C4FFF4DC43CA0922CFFE46F902" docLanguage="en" docName="PapAvZool.63.e202363018.pdf" docOrigin="Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63" docSource="https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/169378" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F.4:PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F" docStyleName="PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aniara sepulchralis" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="4C1FFFBCFFF6DC4ACB362615FF81FE71" masterDocTitle="Morphological redescription and morphometry of Aniara sepulchralis (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Northeast Para, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1727894525643" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CCC17CAAE961FE08154394498274C42F">
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<mods:title id="CCA23997FA45BD9A03FE4CA975AF5B3B">Morphological redescription and morphometry of Aniara sepulchralis (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Northeast Para, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="804ADE5C32BFA16ACB196EEA1676A21C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1E230AE23EAA6538D4DB9445F74BB4D4">Silva, Ruan Felipe da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="500FF832F87E1D539BA226DCE8C7C516" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7096-226X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3EF55C9BA0A52786A8B91103AB52AE03">Museu Paraense “ Emílio Goeldi ″ (MPEG). Belém, PA, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ADDF7C44089810D2133EC200EC1DCC18" type="email">silvaruanbio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="247E86BD544C6201DC42B6B643347646">Brito, Rodrigo de Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="382E32AC6797312E92956DF77F00CF00" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4700-9291</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="40FBD8117FE00D9C9F664A0F98CD57E4">Museu Paraense “ Emílio Goeldi ″ (MPEG). Belém, PA, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4A3D6331A58B6ED68FD6F68D4A1DCE7" type="email">rodrigo.olvbrito@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6653383CBEB5E6FD3C63C2867DAF7A07">Martins, Ivan Carlos Fernandes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7AE0498B60804DB8E6D5D2B62FAD986E">Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). Capanema, PA, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="531423CEDDFC94D8441F5FBE9A4E9C14" type="email">icfmartins@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="66E9C35AFC8E4EEDEF4A483283321DCB">Campos, Lourival Dias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="640C9ACE304C2672FA6CC17E4652D77D" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3934-1008</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB76D8D0C58C42338275DD7E6A6E8A31">Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). Capanema, PA, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F3A6DBE4327CABAC91DA21FE3F3A0A38" type="email">lourivaldias@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8EB7E9F34B91E12EA93CFCA156FA2668">Mello, Marcello Neiva de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C0B0C4B553DFB2238B2441C02C67002" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0288-3252</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="56EF6AB7842717CF55F3EEB27CA8DE71">Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). Capanema, PA, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C729CD24FBA23409B07CBB72B58F00B3" type="email">neivamarcello@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="537361F0CC638CF9345F2FA82BCF27E8">Pearson, David Leander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9294DCF47ED4E285EF4A25CA38152CA9" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8972-0404</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="87F83284DE3D7C700482CE3A600CDDB2">Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences (SOLS). Tempe, AZ, United States.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E273B76BB6051F0D25782E1905D5BE00" type="email">dpearson@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="927FC9ABF6BEE7A332C32542A4123451">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F1578DF3A90B8243B7A3AEACF1F37B5">Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="664B5C06968160AC2CEC0ADB10D0B5CE">
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<mods:date id="70C6A511D11D7FC86EAD77581BABC416">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BEBCB8EB2072B1C106F3C1AE20282B78">2023-07-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A55EF182EB974BC80B5194818F0619CA">63</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EAD4F2B004E03337A6658F6850641052">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6A1C994DA4085BE94C53443AC472D8EC">11</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6F9BDB0190C79BC1CD02E0FF6633C431">https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/169378</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="82E16D03F101565B8E0E7AA5DB611599">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="655E658253163613B56252D8FA9F43B7" type="DOI">10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.018</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C566E78507995F0C84075FB27FEBBAD5" type="ISSN">1807-0205</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B02687C4FFF4DC43CA0922CFFE46F902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B02687C4FFF4DC43CA0922CFFE46F902" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B02687C4FFF4DC43CA0922CFFE46F902" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="70956559FFF4DC48CA0922CFFD04FA82" box="[319,645,1242,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CA0922CFFD04FA82" blockId="2.[319,645,1242,1267]" box="[319,645,1242,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="637881BEFFF4DC48CA0922CFFD04FA82" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[319,645,1242,1267]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFF4DC48CA0922CFFD04FA82" ID-CoL="5V2CK" authority="(Fabricius, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[319,645,1242,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">
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<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFF4DC48CA0922CFFD04FA82" bold="true" box="[319,645,1242,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70956559FFF4DC43CA5B230FFE46F902" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CA5B230FFDD6FB42" blockId="2.[365,599,1306,1331]" box="[365,599,1306,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="637881BEFFF4DC48CA5B230FFDD6FB42" box="[365,599,1306,1331]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFF4DC48CA5B230FFDD6FB42" bold="true" box="[365,599,1306,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">General description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CBE6234FFDE8FB82" blockId="2.[170,794,1370,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The species is entirely black in color with a body length ranging from 11.3 to 12.
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<quantity id="FF779B37FFF4DC48C93E236FFDCDFBE2" box="[520,588,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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, and an overall fusiform shape and body proportion approximately three times longer than broad.The cuticle is heavily sclerotized with a rough elytral surface (
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<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFF4DC48CAD523CFFDDFFB82" box="[483,606,1498,1523]" captionStart-0="Figures 13-15" captionStart-1="Figures 16-18" captionStartId-0="6.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionStartId-1="7.[94,162,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox-0="[284,1370,210,2038]" captionTargetBox-1="[219,1294,217,2041]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@6.[283,1379,204,2044]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@7.[208,1304,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figures 13-15. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis.(13) Length of tibia,tarsus and spur of third leg pair;(14) Elytra length at the level of the elytra;pronotum junction to the elytra endpoint;elytra width at the level of the widest region of the structure;(15)Width of pronotum at apex and base level." captionText-1="Figures 16-18. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis. (16) Head width at eye level; interocular distance between the nearest points between the eyes;(17) Total length from the apex of the head to the last abdominal segmentin dorsal view;(18) Length of the pronotum at the central level of the plate region." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135235" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135237" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8135235/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8135237/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 14-18</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFF4DC48C850236BFB2AFBC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[870,938,1406,1431]" targetBox="[878,1493,207,1375]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48C850236BFB2AFBC6" blockId="2.[869,1493,1406,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 5-6. Principal component analysis (PCA) to verify variables that contributed to the simple variance analysis.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CAF5202FFD80F822" blockId="2.[451,513,1594,1619]" box="[451,513,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="637881BEFFF4DC48CAF5202FFD80F822" box="[451,513,1594,1619]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFF4DC48CAF5202FFD80F822" bold="true" box="[451,513,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CBE6206FFD8DF902" blockId="2.[170,795,1658,2131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||||
Rectangular head, broader than long, forehead occupying almost all head space and with two frontal grooves protruding near the orbits and reaching the labral suture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFF4DC48CB8720CFFF71F882" box="[177,240,1754,1779]" captionStart="Figures 9-10" captionStartId="4.[170,238,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[208,1455,204,2076]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[208,1455,204,2076]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 9-10.Head and first pair of legs.(9) Length of the head along the longitudinal line;(10) Length of the trochanter and femur of the first pair of leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135229/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Two supraorbital bristles on each side with distinct punctuation, the bristle being at the apex longer than the other. Flat clypeus, partially fused to the front, separated only by a weak suture, compound eyes, laterally fitted to the head (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFF4DC48CA95214FFD80F902" box="[419,513,1882,1907]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,829,2069]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[94,1417,829,2076]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Sexual dimorphism of the labrum and tarsus of Aniarasepulchralis.(1-2) labrum.(1) male;(2) female.(3-4) tarsus.(3) male;(4) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
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||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CBE6216FFDC2F9A2" blockId="2.[170,795,1658,2131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
Sub-rectangular labrum, broader than long with distal teeth with either rounded or triangular shapes and 4 bristles between the teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFF4DC48CAEF21AFFDB6F9A2" box="[473,567,1978,2003]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,829,2069]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[94,1417,829,2076]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Sexual dimorphism of the labrum and tarsus of Aniarasepulchralis.(1-2) labrum.(1) male;(2) female.(3-4) tarsus.(3) male;(4) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CBE621CFFAA6F862" blockId="2.[170,795,1658,2131]" lastBlockId="2.[869,1493,1406,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Robust mandibles, longer than broad and concave ventrally; right mandible with molar region consisting of three sinuous teeth at the apex of the inner region, left mandible with two robust and larger teeth than the right at the apex, and two teeth at the base, one larger and another smaller than at the apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFF4DC48CF8B23EFFA9DF862" box="[1213,1308,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,829,2069]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[94,1417,829,2076]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Sexual dimorphism of the labrum and tarsus of Aniarasepulchralis.(1-2) labrum.(1) male;(2) female.(3-4) tarsus.(3) male;(4) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
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||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48C8BD200FFC7AF802" blockId="2.[869,1493,1406,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Unsegmented galea, with rounded apex composed of palpi and with licinia composed of thick bristles on the inner margin.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48C8BD206FFAA2F902" blockId="2.[869,1493,1406,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
Segmented antennae with 11 antennomers; scape longer than the other segments, and with two bristles at the apex; short pedicel, rounded and without any bristles; 3-4 antennomers larger than pedicel, with antennomere 3 greater than 4, both have two bristles; 5-11 antennomers steadily smaller in size as they approach the apex, the 5
|
||||
<superScript id="CFFA9B9AFFF4DC48C8E8212CFC6DF939" attach="left" box="[990,1004,1849,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">th</superScript>
|
||||
largest of these antennomers, and all have a large number of small bristles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFF4DC48CF8F214FFA96F902" box="[1209,1303,1882,1907]" captionStart="Figures 7-8" captionStartId="3.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[302,1203,208,2075]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[302,1209,204,2076]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 7-8.Antennas.(7) Pedicel length from base to apex;(8) Length of the antennas,from the base of the pedicel to the apex of the last antennomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135227/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 7-8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC48CF4221AFFB46F9A2" blockId="2.[1140,1223,1978,2003]" box="[1140,1223,1978,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
<heading id="637881BEFFF4DC48CF4221AFFB46F9A2" box="[1140,1223,1978,2003]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFF4DC48CF4221AFFB46F9A2" bold="true" box="[1140,1223,1978,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF4DC42C8BD21EFFEE7FF42" blockId="2.[869,1493,2042,2131]" lastBlockId="8.[170,795,218,1267]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
Sub-square pronotum, slightly convex, corrugated microsculpture, wider anteriorly and posteriorly, elevations on the lateral side, slightly globular slightly curved lateral margins, slightly rounded and short-bristled anterior and posterior angles, small and barely visible scutellum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42CBD7270FFEDAFF42" box="[225,347,282,307]" captionStart-0="Figures 13-15" captionStart-1="Figures 16-18" captionStartId-0="6.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionStartId-1="7.[94,162,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox-0="[284,1370,210,2038]" captionTargetBox-1="[219,1294,217,2041]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@6.[283,1379,204,2044]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@7.[208,1304,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figures 13-15. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis.(13) Length of tibia,tarsus and spur of third leg pair;(14) Elytra length at the level of the elytra;pronotum junction to the elytra endpoint;elytra width at the level of the widest region of the structure;(15)Width of pronotum at apex and base level." captionText-1="Figures 16-18. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis. (16) Head width at eye level; interocular distance between the nearest points between the eyes;(17) Total length from the apex of the head to the last abdominal segmentin dorsal view;(18) Length of the pronotum at the central level of the plate region." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135235" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135237" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8135235/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8135237/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 15-18</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFF5DC49CB682E2FFABDF622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135227" box="[94,1340,2106,2131]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135227/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[94,162,2106,2131]" targetBox="[302,1203,208,2075]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF5DC49CB682E2FFABDF622" blockId="3.[94,1340,2106,2131]" box="[94,1340,2106,2131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 7-8.Antennas.(7) Pedicel length from base to apex;(8) Length of the antennas,from the base of the pedicel to the apex of the last antennomer.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFF2DC4ECB9C2E2FFA14F622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135229" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135229" box="[170,1429,2106,2131]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135229/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[170,238,2106,2131]" targetBox="[208,1455,204,2076]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF2DC4ECB9C2E2FFA14F622" blockId="4.[170,1429,2106,2131]" box="[170,1429,2106,2131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 9-10.Head and first pair of legs.(9) Length of the head along the longitudinal line;(10) Length of the trochanter and femur of the first pair of leg.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFF3DC4FCB682E2FFA03F622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135231" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135231" box="[94,1410,2106,2131]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135231/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[94,162,2106,2131]" targetBox="[113,1398,204,2076]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF3DC4FCB682E2FFA03F622" blockId="5.[94,1410,2106,2131]" box="[94,1410,2106,2131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 11-12. First and third pair of legs.(11) Length of tibia, tarsus and spur of first pair of legs;(12) Length of the trochanter and femur of the third pair of leg.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFF0DC4CCB9C2E0FFB58F622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135235/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[170,238,2074,2099]" targetBox="[284,1370,210,2038]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF0DC4CCB9C2E0FFB58F622" blockId="6.[170,1493,2074,2131]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Figures 13-15. Habitus of
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFF0DC4CCABF2E0FFDA7F642" bold="true" box="[393,550,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFF0DC4CCABF2E0FFDA3F642" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[393,546,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">Aniara sepulchralis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(13) Length of tibia,tarsus and spur of third leg pair;(14) Elytra length at the level of the elytra;pronotum junction to the elytra endpoint;elytra width at the level of the widest region of the structure;(15)Width of pronotum at apex and base level.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFF1DC4DCB682E0FFB52F622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135237/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[94,162,2074,2099]" targetBox="[219,1294,217,2041]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFF1DC4DCB682E0FFB52F622" blockId="7.[94,1418,2074,2131]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Figures 16-18. Habitus of
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFF1DC4DCA772E0FFE5FF642" bold="true" box="[321,478,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFF1DC4DCA772E0FFE58F642" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[321,473,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">Aniara sepulchralis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(16) Head width at eye level; interocular distance between the nearest points between the eyes;(17) Total length from the apex of the head to the last abdominal segment in dorsal view;(18) Length of the pronotum at the central level of the plate region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE6272FFC9BFFC2" blockId="8.[170,795,218,1267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Elytra convex, with parallel lateral margins,completely rough surface, distinct punctuations on entire surface, higher concentration near pronotum, completely short and rounded humeral angle and no bristles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42C9A3278FFC8EFFC2" box="[661,783,410,435]" captionStart-0="Figures 13-15" captionStart-1="Figures 16-18" captionStartId-0="6.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionStartId-1="7.[94,162,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox-0="[284,1370,210,2038]" captionTargetBox-1="[219,1294,217,2041]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@6.[283,1379,204,2044]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@7.[208,1304,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figures 13-15. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis.(13) Length of tibia,tarsus and spur of third leg pair;(14) Elytra length at the level of the elytra;pronotum junction to the elytra endpoint;elytra width at the level of the widest region of the structure;(15)Width of pronotum at apex and base level." captionText-1="Figures 16-18. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis. (16) Head width at eye level; interocular distance between the nearest points between the eyes;(17) Total length from the apex of the head to the last abdominal segmentin dorsal view;(18) Length of the pronotum at the central level of the plate region." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135235" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135237" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8135235/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8135237/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 15-18</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE627AFFE9CFD22" blockId="8.[170,795,218,1267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Prothoracic legs large and thin, small trochanter, globose and without bristles. Large femur, largest leg joint, broader in the mid region and tapered towards the apex; longitudinally spaced bristles and in a line toward the apex. Tibia smaller than femur, homogeneously thin from base to apex, longitudinally spaced bristles and lined toward apex where they cluster; two symmetrical spurs at the apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42CA9F248FFDA2FCC2" box="[425,547,666,691]" captionStart-0="Figures 9-10" captionStart-1="Figures 11-12" captionStart-2="Figures 13-15" captionStartId-0="4.[170,238,2106,2131]" captionStartId-1="5.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionStartId-2="6.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox-0="[208,1455,204,2076]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1398,204,2076]" captionTargetBox-2="[284,1370,210,2038]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@4.[208,1455,204,2076]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@5.[113,1398,204,2076]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@6.[283,1379,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figures 9-10.Head and first pair of legs.(9) Length of the head along the longitudinal line;(10) Length of the trochanter and femur of the first pair of leg." captionText-1="Figures 11-12. First and third pair of legs.(11) Length of tibia, tarsus and spur of first pair of legs;(12) Length of the trochanter and femur of the third pair of leg." captionText-2="Figures 13-15. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis.(13) Length of tibia,tarsus and spur of third leg pair;(14) Elytra length at the level of the elytra;pronotum junction to the elytra endpoint;elytra width at the level of the widest region of the structure;(15)Width of pronotum at apex and base level." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135229" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135231" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135235" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8135229/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8135231/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8135235/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 10-13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Proximal tarsus, with first tarsomere larger than the others, 2-3 more globous, 4 smaller than the others, 5 larger than 2-4 with dilated apex, bearing two simple claws; bristles throughout the tarsus,and tarsomeres 1-3 with agglomerated bristles on the inside.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE6254FFEF9FA82" blockId="8.[170,795,218,1267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Metathoracic and mesothoracic legs large and thicker than prothoracic legs. Subtriangular femora without bristles. Trochanter a bean-like shape with a slight depression in the convex part. Large femur, wider in the middle region; spaced bristles, fewer in number than other parts, lined vertically toward the apex. Narrow tibia, larger than femur; longitudinally spaced bristles, in four rows, towards the apex, and with two apical spurs. Proximal tarsus with first tarsomere larger than the others and with the presence of bristles; tarsomeres 2-5 practically the same size and with the presence of bristles, tarsomere 5 with dilated apex, carrying two simple claws (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42CBC522CFFEECFA82" box="[243,365,1242,1267]" captionStart-0="Figures 9-10" captionStart-1="Figures 11-12" captionStart-2="Figures 13-15" captionStartId-0="4.[170,238,2106,2131]" captionStartId-1="5.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionStartId-2="6.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox-0="[208,1455,204,2076]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1398,204,2076]" captionTargetBox-2="[284,1370,210,2038]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@4.[208,1455,204,2076]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@5.[113,1398,204,2076]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@6.[283,1379,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figures 9-10.Head and first pair of legs.(9) Length of the head along the longitudinal line;(10) Length of the trochanter and femur of the first pair of leg." captionText-1="Figures 11-12. First and third pair of legs.(11) Length of tibia, tarsus and spur of first pair of legs;(12) Length of the trochanter and femur of the third pair of leg." captionText-2="Figures 13-15. Habitus of Aniara sepulchralis.(13) Length of tibia,tarsus and spur of third leg pair;(14) Elytra length at the level of the elytra;pronotum junction to the elytra endpoint;elytra width at the level of the widest region of the structure;(15)Width of pronotum at apex and base level." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135229" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135231" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135235" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8135229/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8135231/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8135235/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 10-13</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CAAE232FFDADFB22" blockId="8.[408,556,1338,1363]" box="[408,556,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<heading id="637881BEFFFEDC42CAAE232FFDADFB22" box="[408,556,1338,1363]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CAAE232FFDADFB22" bold="true" box="[408,556,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFFEDC42C853232FFC6FFBE2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[869,919,1338,1363]" targetBox="[873,1486,1462,2080]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42C853232FFC6FFBE2" blockId="8.[869,1493,1338,1427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Table 1. Means and analysis of variance of body measurements of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CEB2232FFC33FB02" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CEB2232FFC33FB02" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aniara sepulchralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42C88D234FFB91FB02" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[955,1040,1370,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CF21234FFBFDFB02" box="[1047,1148,1370,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicindelinae">Cicindelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)in relation to locality,Belém and IgarapéAçu,Pará,Brazil.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE6236FFF6EF862" blockId="8.[170,795,1402,2131]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Sexual dimorphism within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42C930236FFD0EFBE2" baseAuthorityName="Duran & Gough" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[518,655,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicindelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and closely related
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CBC8238FFEEFFBC2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[254,366,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species has been widely studied. Such structures as legs, mouth and wings, distinguish the sexing of animals (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42CA6C23CFFE44FB82" author="Ide, S." box="[346,453,1498,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref4476" refString="Ide, S. 2007. Revisao das especies de Morion Latreille, 1810 das americas (Carabidae: Harpalinae: Mirionini). (Dissertacao de Mestrado). Instituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo." type="book" year="2007">Ide, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42CAE723CFFD28FB82" author="Martins, I. C. F. & Cividanes, F. J. & Santos, J. M. & Pearson, D. L." box="[465,681,1498,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref4643" refString="Martins, I. C. F.; Cividanes, F. J.; Santos, J. M. & Pearson, D. L. 2010. Sexual dimorphism of adult Odontochella nodicornis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and extension of its known range into Parana. Cicindela, 42: 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Martins
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42C91B23CFFDE9FB82" box="[557,616,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42C98323CFFF64F862" author="Moravec, J." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="27 - 70" refId="ref4702" refString="Moravec, J. 2015. Taxonomic revision within the neotropical genus Oxygonia mannerheim (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Folia Heyrovskyana, 23: 27 - 70." type="journal article" year="2015">Moravec, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42C8AA23D3FA47F651" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<table id="4A8FC472FFFE23B5C85F23A3FA4FF651" box="[873,1486,1462,2080]" gridcols="6" gridrows="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F23A3FA4FFB9B" box="[873,1486,1462,1514]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F23A3FBA4FB9B" box="[873,1061,1462,1514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Measured variable</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F23A3FA8DFB9B" box="[1129,1292,1462,1514]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Means Belém Igarapé-Açu</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1523A3FAD9FB9B" box="[1315,1368,1462,1514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CE0C23D3FAC3FBAB" bold="true" box="[1338,1346,1478,1498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4523A3FA21FB9B" box="[1395,1440,1462,1514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">p</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F23E0FA4FF878" box="[873,1486,1525,1545]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F23E0FBA4F878" box="[873,1061,1525,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F23E0FB16F878" box="[1129,1175,1525,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11,904</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF23E0FA8DF878" box="[1225,1292,1525,1545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12,041</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1523E0FAD9F878" box="[1315,1368,1525,1545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,4335</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4523E0FA21F878" box="[1395,1440,1525,1545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,5313</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2000FA4FF858" box="[873,1486,1557,1577]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2000FBA4F858" box="[873,1061,1557,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2000FB16F858" box="[1129,1175,1557,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,128</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2000FA8DF858" box="[1225,1292,1557,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,364</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152000FAD9F858" box="[1315,1368,1557,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25,9530</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452000FA21F858" box="[1395,1440,1557,1577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0014</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802000FA4FF858" box="[1462,1486,1557,1577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">***</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2021FA4FF839" box="[873,1486,1588,1608]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2021FBA4F839" box="[873,1061,1588,1608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eyes Distance</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2021FB16F839" box="[1129,1175,1588,1608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,387</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2021FA8DF839" box="[1225,1292,1588,1608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,557</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152021FAD9F839" box="[1315,1368,1588,1608]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10,9390</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452021FA21F839" box="[1395,1440,1588,1608]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0130</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802021FA4FF839" box="[1462,1486,1588,1608]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2041FA4FF819" box="[873,1486,1620,1640]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2041FBA4F819" box="[873,1061,1620,1640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pronotum Length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2041FB16F819" box="[1129,1175,1620,1640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,738</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2041FA8DF819" box="[1225,1292,1620,1640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,792</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152041FAD9F819" box="[1315,1368,1620,1640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,5918</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452041FA21F819" box="[1395,1440,1620,1640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,4669</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2066FA4FF8F6" box="[873,1486,1651,1671]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2066FBA4F8F6" box="[873,1061,1651,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pronotum width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2066FB16F8F6" box="[1129,1175,1651,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,027</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2066FA8DF8F6" box="[1225,1292,1651,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,202</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152066FAD9F8F6" box="[1315,1368,1651,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12,9280</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452066FA21F8F6" box="[1395,1440,1651,1671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0088</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802066FA4FF8F6" box="[1462,1486,1651,1671]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">***</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2087FA4FF8D7" box="[873,1486,1682,1702]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2087FBA4F8D7" box="[873,1061,1682,1702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pronotum Base</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2087FB16F8D7" box="[1129,1175,1682,1702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,422</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2087FA8DF8D7" box="[1225,1292,1682,1702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,558</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152087FAD9F8D7" box="[1315,1368,1682,1702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9,5416</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452087FA21F8D7" box="[1395,1440,1682,1702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0176</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802087FA4FF8D7" box="[1462,1486,1682,1702]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F20A7FA4FF8B7" box="[873,1486,1714,1734]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F20A7FBA4F8B7" box="[873,1061,1714,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Elytra Length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F20A7FB16F8B7" box="[1129,1175,1714,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7,385</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF20A7FA8DF8B7" box="[1225,1292,1714,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7,731</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1520A7FAD9F8B7" box="[1315,1368,1714,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,7954</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4520A7FA21F8B7" box="[1395,1440,1714,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,1385</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F20C4FA4FF894" box="[873,1486,1745,1765]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F20C4FBA4F894" box="[873,1061,1745,1765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Elytra Width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F20C4FB16F894" box="[1129,1175,1745,1765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4,336</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF20C4FA8DF894" box="[1225,1292,1745,1765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4,625</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1520C4FAD9F894" box="[1315,1368,1745,1765]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1,2291</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4520C4FA21F894" box="[1395,1440,1745,1765]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,3042</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F20E4FA4FF974" box="[873,1486,1777,1797]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F20E4FBA4F974" box="[873,1061,1777,1797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Antenna pedicel</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F20E4FB16F974" box="[1129,1175,1777,1797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,762</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF20E4FA8DF974" box="[1225,1292,1777,1797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,806</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1520E4FAD9F974" box="[1315,1368,1777,1797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,4823</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4520E4FA21F974" box="[1395,1440,1777,1797]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,1591</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2105FA4FF955" box="[873,1486,1808,1828]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2105FBA4F955" box="[873,1061,1808,1828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Labrum Length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2105FB16F955" box="[1129,1175,1808,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,837</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2105FA8DF955" box="[1225,1292,1808,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,936</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152105FAD9F955" box="[1315,1368,1808,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8,7108</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452105FA21F955" box="[1395,1440,1808,1828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0214</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802105FA4FF955" box="[1462,1486,1808,1828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2125FA4FF935" box="[873,1486,1840,1860]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2125FBA4F935" box="[873,1061,1840,1860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Labrum Width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2125FB16F935" box="[1129,1175,1840,1860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1,823</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2125FA8DF935" box="[1225,1292,1840,1860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1,949</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152125FAD9F935" box="[1315,1368,1840,1860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7,7358</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452125FA21F935" box="[1395,1440,1840,1860]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0273</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802125FA4FF935" box="[1462,1486,1840,1860]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F215AFA4FF912" box="[873,1486,1871,1891]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F215AFBA4F912" box="[873,1061,1871,1891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leg I</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F215AFB16F912" box="[1129,1175,1871,1891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7,047</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF215AFA8DF912" box="[1225,1292,1871,1891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7,051</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE15215AFAD9F912" box="[1315,1368,1871,1891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0005</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE45215AFA21F912" box="[1395,1440,1871,1891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,9830</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F217AFA4FF9F2" box="[873,1486,1903,1923]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F217AFBA4F9F2" box="[873,1061,1903,1923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tarsus I</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F217AFB16F9F2" box="[1129,1175,1903,1923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,304</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF217AFA8DF9F2" box="[1225,1292,1903,1923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2,282</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE15217AFAD9F9F2" box="[1315,1368,1903,1923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0509</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE45217AFA21F9F2" box="[1395,1440,1903,1923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,8279</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F219BFA4FF9D3" box="[873,1486,1934,1954]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F219BFBA4F9D3" box="[873,1061,1934,1954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leg III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F219BFB16F9D3" box="[1129,1175,1934,1954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12,614</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF219BFA8DF9D3" box="[1225,1292,1934,1954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12,547</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE15219BFAD9F9D3" box="[1315,1368,1934,1954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0290</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE45219BFA21F9D3" box="[1395,1440,1934,1954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,8696</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F21B8FA4FF9B0" box="[873,1486,1965,1985]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F21B8FBA4F9B0" box="[873,1061,1965,1985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Femur III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F21B8FB16F9B0" box="[1129,1175,1965,1985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,626</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF21B8FA8DF9B0" box="[1225,1292,1965,1985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,548</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1521B8FAD9F9B0" box="[1315,1368,1965,1985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,2580</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4521B8FA21F9B0" box="[1395,1440,1965,1985]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,6271</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F21D8FA4FF990" box="[873,1486,1997,2017]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F21D8FBA4F990" box="[873,1061,1997,2017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tibia III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F21D8FB16F990" box="[1129,1175,1997,2017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,896</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF21D8FA8DF990" box="[1225,1292,1997,2017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,899</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1521D8FAD9F990" box="[1315,1368,1997,2017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0002</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4521D8FA21F990" box="[1395,1440,1997,2017]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,9905</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F21F9FA4FF671" box="[873,1486,2028,2048]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F21F9FBA4F671" box="[873,1061,2028,2048]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tarsus III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F21F9FB16F671" box="[1129,1175,2028,2048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4,007</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF21F9FA8DF671" box="[1225,1292,2028,2048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4,105</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE1521F9FAD9F671" box="[1315,1368,2028,2048]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,3124</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE4521F9FA21F671" box="[1395,1440,2028,2048]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,5936</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFE23B5C85F2E19FA4FF651" box="[873,1486,2060,2080]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5C85F2E19FBA4F651" box="[873,1061,2060,2080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spur III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CF5F2E19FB16F651" box="[1129,1175,2060,2080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,574</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CFFF2E19FA8DF651" box="[1225,1292,2060,2080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,708</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE152E19FAD9F651" box="[1315,1368,2060,2080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3,9942</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE452E19FA21F651" box="[1395,1440,2060,2080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0,0858</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFE23B5CE802E19FA4FF651" box="[1462,1486,2060,2080]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">*</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE6200FFD72F8E2" blockId="8.[170,795,1402,2131]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CBDC200FFE00F842" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[234,385,1562,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CBDC200FFE00F842" box="[234,385,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A.sepulchralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
there was no significant difference in the dorsal aspect (body shape and length) between male and female. However, some specific structures, such as the labrum and tarsi, exhibited differences (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42C9BC206FFD69F8E2" box="[650,744,1658,1683]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,829,2069]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[94,1417,829,2076]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Sexual dimorphism of the labrum and tarsus of Aniarasepulchralis.(1-2) labrum.(1) male;(2) female.(3-4) tarsus.(3) male;(4) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135223/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1-4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE6208FFD9CF902" blockId="8.[170,795,1402,2131]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
The labrum in both sexes has dark coloration, 4 bristles and 5 teeth. However, females have have triangular-shaped teeth and rectilinear labral suture. Males, on the other hand, have a more sinuous shape in both the teeth and the labral suture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42C913210FFD09F942" box="[549,648,1818,1843]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,829,2069]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[94,1417,829,2076]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Sexual dimorphism of the labrum and tarsus of Aniarasepulchralis.(1-2) labrum.(1) male;(2) female.(3-4) tarsus.(3) male;(4) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135223/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Such sexual differences have been observed in several species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CB9C214FFD98F902" authority="(Martins et al., 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[170,537,1882,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Cicindelidae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42CA08214FFD92F902" author="Martins, I. C. F. & Cividanes, F. J. & Santos, J. M. & Pearson, D. L." box="[318,531,1882,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref4643" refString="Martins, I. C. F.; Cividanes, F. J.; Santos, J. M. & Pearson, D. L. 2010. Sexual dimorphism of adult Odontochella nodicornis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and extension of its known range into Parana. Cicindela, 42: 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Martins
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CAAC214FFE52F902" box="[410,467,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CBE6216FFDC1F622" blockId="8.[170,795,1402,2131]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Males and females also present differences in the bristles present in tarsomeres I, II and III. In males there are adhesive bristles on the inside, which are absent in females (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42CA3A21CFFEEAF982" box="[268,363,2010,2035]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[94,162,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,829,2069]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[94,1417,829,2076]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Sexual dimorphism of the labrum and tarsus of Aniarasepulchralis.(1-2) labrum.(1) male;(2) female.(3-4) tarsus.(3) male;(4) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135223/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3-4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This dimorphism is observed in many species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CA2B21EFFD0AF662" authority="(Martins et al., 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[285,651,2042,2067]" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
Cicindelidae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42CA8721EFFD04F662" author="Martins, I. C. F. & Cividanes, F. J. & Santos, J. M. & Pearson, D. L." box="[433,645,2042,2067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref4643" refString="Martins, I. C. F.; Cividanes, F. J.; Santos, J. M. & Pearson, D. L. 2010. Sexual dimorphism of adult Odontochella nodicornis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and extension of its known range into Parana. Cicindela, 42: 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Martins
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42C93A21EFFDC4F662" box="[524,581,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It is thought that these bristles help males grip the females in copulation and subsequent mate guarding.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42CF7C26CFFB71FE82" blockId="8.[1098,1264,218,243]" box="[1098,1264,218,243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<heading id="637881BEFFFEDC42CF7C26CFFB71FE82" box="[1098,1264,218,243]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CF7C26CFFB71FE82" bold="true" box="[1098,1264,218,243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morphometry</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42C8BD270FFA8EFFC2" blockId="8.[869,1494,282,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Some variables that contributed little to variance within the principal component analysis (PCA) were excluded. These non-relevant variables were head length, antenna, tibia of leg 1, thigh of leg 1, femur of leg 1, spur of leg 1 and trochanter of leg 3 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42CFF0278FFA82FFC2" box="[1222,1283,410,435]" captionStart="Figures 5-6" captionStartId="2.[870,938,1406,1431]" captionTargetBox="[878,1493,207,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-586@2.[869,1493,204,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 5-6. Principal component analysis (PCA) toverify variables thatcontributed to the simple variance analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42C8BD27AFFA98FCE2" blockId="8.[869,1494,282,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
After removal of non-relevant variables, the explanation of total variance was near 70% (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0B42A57FFFEDC42CE2327CFFAD2FF82" box="[1301,1363,474,499]" captionStart="Figures 5-6" captionStartId="2.[870,938,1406,1431]" captionTargetBox="[878,1493,207,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-586@2.[869,1493,204,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 5-6. Principal component analysis (PCA) toverify variables thatcontributed to the simple variance analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The graph shows how relevant each structure is for the analysis, where the red components have the highest contribution. Each component is consistent for the high or low values. The smaller the angle between the variables, the greater the relationship between them.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42C8BD248FFBD1FD82" blockId="8.[869,1494,282,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Although the sample sizes were small, the p values were so significant, we consider them appropriate for cautious biological interpretation. Regarding morphological differences based on the site from which they were collected, the moist significant variables included: head width (p = 0.0014), pronotum width (p = 0.0088), distance between eyes (p = 0.0130), width from the base of the pronotum (p = 0.0176), labral length (p = 0.0214), labral width (p = 0.0273) and spur (p = 0.0858).The specimens from Igarapé-AÇu showed larger sizes than those from Belém (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="750D0369FFFEDC42C8C725CFFBC0FD82" box="[1009,1089,986,1011]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[869,919,1338,1363]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Means and analysis of variance of body measurementsof Aniara sepulchralis (Carabidae:Cicindelinae)in relation to locality,Belém and Igarapé- Açu,Pará,Brazil." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC43C8BD25EFFF1BFAC2" blockId="8.[869,1494,282,1299]" lastBlockId="9.[94,719,1050,1907]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Behavior and microhabitat have been associated with variation within some morphological structures of several species of beetle. Species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CE7D222FFA25FA22" box="[1355,1444,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Siagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CE7D222FFA25FA22" box="[1355,1444,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Siagona</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42C853224FFC3CFA02" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[869,957,1114,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42C853224FFC3CFA02" box="[869,957,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Carabus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showed variation in the body length and in the morphology of the compound eyes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42CFCA226FFA53FAE2" author="Talarico, F. & Romeo, M. & Massolo, A. & Brandmayr, P. & Zetto, T." box="[1276,1490,1146,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref4968" refString="Talarico, F.; Romeo, M.; Massolo, A.; Brandmayr, P. & Zetto, T. 2007. Morphometry and eye morphology in three species of Carabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to habitat demands. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 45: 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Talarico
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CE6C226FFA12FAE2" box="[1370,1427,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42C853228FFBC2FAC2" author="Talarico, F. & Brandmayr, P. & Giglio, A. & Massolo, A. & Brandmayr, T. Z." box="[869,1091,1178,1203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref4914" refString="Talarico, F.; Brandmayr, P.; Giglio, A.; Massolo, A. & Brandmayr, T. Z. 2011. Morphometry of eyes, antennae and wings in three species of Siagona (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys, 100: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Talarico
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42C8F2228FFB81FAC2" box="[964,1024,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFEDC42CFBC228FFADFFAC2" authorityName="Roeschke" authorityYear="1907" box="[1162,1374,1178,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Scaphinotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFEDC42CFBC228FFADFFAC2" box="[1162,1374,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Scaphinotus petersi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showed a difference in the head and pronotum (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFEDC42CE2322AFFC1FFA82" author="Ober, K. A. & Connolly, C. T." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="107 - 118" refId="ref4731" refString="Ober, K. A. & Connolly, C. T. 2015. Geometric morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of Arizona Sky Island populations of Scaphinotus petersi Roeschke (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175: 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="2015">Ober & Connolly, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) that were correlated with anthropogenic interferences, such as proximity to urbanized environments (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CB52220FFEA0FA42" author="Papp, D. & Mizser, S. & Nagy, L. & Vidic, A. & Simon, E. & Tothmeresz, B." box="[100,289,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref4779" refString="Papp, D.; Mizser, S.; Nagy, L.; Vidic, A.; Simon, E. & Tothmeresz, B. 2020. Changes in Morphometric Traits of Ground Beetles Along Urbanization Gradients. Journal of Insect Science, 20: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Papp
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CB90220FFF5EFA42" box="[166,223,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, both biotic and abiotic factors need to be tested in the future to determine if individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFFDC43CBF9224FFEE6FA02" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[207,359,1114,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CBF9224FFEE6FA02" box="[207,359,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. sepulchralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the two study areas are associated with these human influences and, if so, which ones.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFEDC42C8532E2BFB3AF623" blockId="8.[869,1211,2110,2130]" box="[869,1211,2110,2130]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<tableNote id="C569375CFFFEDC42C8532E2BFB3AF623" box="[869,1211,2110,2130]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[873,1486,1462,2080]" targetPageId="8">Significant variables for p =‘***′ 0.01‘**′ 0.05‘*′ 0.1</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="6CF0665AFFFFDC43CB6826CFFE45FF42" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[94,144,218,243]" targetBox="[98,711,342,960]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43CB6826CFFE45FF42" blockId="9.[94,718,218,307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Table 2. Means and analysis of variance of body measurements of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFFDC43C94B26CFFF2AFF62" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43C94B26CFFF2AFF62" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aniara sepulchralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFFDC43CB8226EFFE88FF62" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[180,265,250,275]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFFDC43CA2626EFFEF4FF62" box="[272,373,250,275]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicindelinae">Cicindelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)in relation to sex (male and female) sampled in Belém and Igarapé-Açu,Pará,Brazil.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43CAA82743FD18FDB1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<table id="4A8FC472FFFF23B5CB542743FD46FDB1" box="[98,711,342,960]" gridcols="6" gridrows="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Mean
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542743FD46FFFB" box="[98,711,342,394]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542743FE9FFFFB" box="[98,286,342,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Measured variable</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552743FE11FFFB" box="[355,400,342,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2743FE72FFFB" box="[445,499,342,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2743FDD0FFFB" box="[540,593,342,394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43C9052773FDBAFF0B" bold="true" box="[563,571,358,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2743FD18FFFB" box="[620,665,342,394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">p</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542780FD46FFD8" box="[98,711,405,425]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542780FE9FFFD8" box="[98,286,405,425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552780FE11FFD8" box="[355,400,405,425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11,611</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2780FE72FFD8" box="[445,499,405,425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12,560</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2780FDD0FFD8" box="[540,593,405,425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">21,3011</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2780FD18FFD8" box="[620,665,405,425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0024</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C9992780FD46FFD8" box="[687,711,405,425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">***</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5427A0FD46FFB8" box="[98,711,437,457]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5427A0FE9FFFB8" box="[98,286,437,457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5527A0FE11FFB8" box="[355,400,437,457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,187</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B27A0FE72FFB8" box="[445,499,437,457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,342</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A27A0FDD0FFB8" box="[540,593,437,457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11,4260</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A27A0FD18FFB8" box="[620,665,437,457]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0118</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C99927A0FD46FFB8" box="[687,711,437,457]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5427C1FD46FF99" box="[98,711,468,488]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5427C1FE9FFF99" box="[98,286,468,488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eyes Distance</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5527C1FE11FF99" box="[355,400,468,488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,407</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B27C1FE72FF99" box="[445,499,468,488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,574</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A27C1FDD0FF99" box="[540,593,468,488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10,5020</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A27C1FD18FF99" box="[620,665,468,488]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0142</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C99927C1FD46FF99" box="[687,711,468,488]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5427E1FD46FC79" box="[98,711,500,520]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5427E1FE9FFC79" box="[98,286,500,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pronotum Length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5527E1FE11FC79" box="[355,400,500,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,688</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B27E1FE72FC79" box="[445,499,500,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,872</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A27E1FDD0FC79" box="[540,593,500,520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6,2074</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A27E1FD18FC79" box="[620,665,500,520]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0415</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C99927E1FD46FC79" box="[687,711,500,520]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542406FD46FC56" box="[98,711,531,551]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542406FE9FFC56" box="[98,286,531,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pronotum width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552406FE11FC56" box="[355,400,531,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,064</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2406FE72FC56" box="[445,499,531,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,216</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2406FDD0FC56" box="[540,593,531,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11,5430</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2406FD18FC56" box="[620,665,531,551]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0115</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C9992406FD46FC56" box="[687,711,531,551]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542427FD46FC37" box="[98,711,562,582]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542427FE9FFC37" box="[98,286,562,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pronotum Base</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552427FE11FC37" box="[355,400,562,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,443</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2427FE72FC37" box="[445,499,562,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,546</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2427FDD0FC37" box="[540,593,562,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4,2374</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2427FD18FC37" box="[620,665,562,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0785</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C9992427FD46FC37" box="[687,711,562,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">*</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542447FD46FC17" box="[98,711,594,614]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542447FE9FFC17" box="[98,286,594,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elytra Length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552447FE11FC17" box="[355,400,594,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7,353</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2447FE72FC17" box="[445,499,594,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7,671</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2447FDD0FC17" box="[540,593,594,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,7881</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2447FD18FC17" box="[620,665,594,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,4042</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542464FD46FCF4" box="[98,711,625,645]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542464FE9FFCF4" box="[98,286,625,645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elytra Width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552464FE11FCF4" box="[355,400,625,645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4,259</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2464FE72FCF4" box="[445,499,625,645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4,778</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2464FDD0FCF4" box="[540,593,625,645]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,4638</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2464FD18FCF4" box="[620,665,625,645]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,1050</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542484FD46FCD4" box="[98,711,657,677]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542484FE9FFCD4" box="[98,286,657,677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Antenna pedicel</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552484FE11FCD4" box="[355,400,657,677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,766</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2484FE72FCD4" box="[445,499,657,677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,776</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2484FDD0FCD4" box="[540,593,657,677]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,2320</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2484FD18FCD4" box="[620,665,657,677]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,6447</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5424A5FD46FCB5" box="[98,711,688,708]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5424A5FE9FFCB5" box="[98,286,688,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Labrum Length</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5524A5FE11FCB5" box="[355,400,688,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,854</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B24A5FE72FCB5" box="[445,499,688,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,944</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A24A5FDD0FCB5" box="[540,593,688,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8,0190</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A24A5FD18FCB5" box="[620,665,688,708]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0253</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C99924A5FD46FCB5" box="[687,711,688,708]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">**</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5424C5FD46FC95" box="[98,711,720,740]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5424C5FE9FFC95" box="[98,286,720,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Labrum Width</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5524C5FE11FC95" box="[355,400,720,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1,856</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B24C5FE72FC95" box="[445,499,720,740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1,905</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A24C5FDD0FC95" box="[540,593,720,740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,4500</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A24C5FD18FC95" box="[620,665,720,740]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,5239</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5424FAFD46FD72" box="[98,711,751,771]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5424FAFE9FFD72" box="[98,286,751,771]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leg I</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5524FAFE11FD72" box="[355,400,751,771]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6,924</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B24FAFE72FD72" box="[445,499,751,771]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7,056</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A24FAFDD0FD72" box="[540,593,751,771]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0027</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A24FAFD18FD72" box="[620,665,751,771]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,9603</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB54251AFD46FD52" box="[98,711,783,803]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB54251AFE9FFD52" box="[98,286,783,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tarsus I</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA55251AFE11FD52" box="[355,400,783,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,289</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B251AFE72FD52" box="[445,499,783,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,217</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A251AFDD0FD52" box="[540,593,783,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1,6227</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A251AFD18FD52" box="[620,665,783,803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,2434</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB54253BFD46FD33" box="[98,711,814,834]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB54253BFE9FFD33" box="[98,286,814,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leg III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA55253BFE11FD33" box="[355,400,814,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12,360</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B253BFE72FD33" box="[445,499,814,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12,624</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A253BFDD0FD33" box="[540,593,814,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0316</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A253BFD18FD33" box="[620,665,814,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,8639</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542558FD46FD10" box="[98,711,845,865]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542558FE9FFD10" box="[98,286,845,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Femur III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552558FE11FD10" box="[355,400,845,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,469</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2558FE72FD10" box="[445,499,845,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,721</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2558FDD0FD10" box="[540,593,845,865]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2,0307</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2558FD18FD10" box="[620,665,845,865]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,1972</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542578FD46FDF0" box="[98,711,877,897]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542578FE9FFDF0" box="[98,286,877,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tibia III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552578FE11FDF0" box="[355,400,877,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,859</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2578FE72FDF0" box="[445,499,877,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,866</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2578FDD0FDF0" box="[540,593,877,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0832</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2578FD18FDF0" box="[620,665,877,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,7814</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB542599FD46FDD1" box="[98,711,908,928]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB542599FE9FFDD1" box="[98,286,908,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tarsus III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA552599FE11FDD1" box="[355,400,908,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3,967</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B2599FE72FDD1" box="[445,499,908,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4,033</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A2599FDD0FDD1" box="[540,593,908,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,0463</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A2599FD18FDD1" box="[620,665,908,928]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,8358</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="86BF3490FFFF23B5CB5425B9FD46FDB1" box="[98,711,940,960]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CB5425B9FE9FFDB1" box="[98,286,940,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spur III</th>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA5525B9FE11FDB1" box="[355,400,940,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,654</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5CA8B25B9FE72FDB1" box="[445,499,940,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,605</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C92A25B9FDD0FDB1" box="[540,593,940,960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,7834</td>
|
||||
<td id="C56E5DECFFFF23B5C95A25B9FD18FDB1" box="[620,665,940,960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0,4055</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<footnote id="5B942ADCFFFFDC43C82827CFFAF1FD02" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43C82827CFFBC8FCE2" blockId="9.[797,1415,474,883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43C82827CFFBC8FCE2" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS: RFS, ICFM: Conceptualization; RFS, ROB, ICFM, LDC, MNM: Methodology, Software, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft,Visualization,Investigation;RFS,ICFM,DLP:Writing – review& editing;ICFM:Funding acquisition;ICFM:Supervision.All authors actively participated in the discussion of the results, they reviewed and approved the final version of the paper.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43C828248FFAF1FD02" blockId="9.[797,1415,474,883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:Authors declare there are no conflicts of interest. FUNDING INFORMATION:This research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico eTecnológia(CNPq)(process 461005/2014-0). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We are grateful to Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia and EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental for the research area.We would like to thank Dr. Benedito Nunes for the help with the photographs.We also thank the research group Entomologia na Amazônia:da base à aplicação.</paragraph>
|
||||
</footnote>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43CB6825CBFE35FD83" blockId="9.[94,436,990,1010]" box="[94,436,990,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<tableNote id="C569375CFFFFDC43CB6825CBFE35FD83" box="[94,436,990,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[98,711,342,960]" targetPageId="9">Significant variables for p =‘***′ 0.01‘**′ 0.05‘*′ 0.1</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43CBB222AFFE61FBE2" blockId="9.[94,719,1050,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The female specimens presented larger body length and morphological structures (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="750D0369FFFFDC43CAEC22CFFDBAFA82" box="[474,571,1242,1267]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[94,144,218,243]" captionTargetBox="[98,711,342,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 2. Means and analysis of variance of body measurements of Aniara sepulchralis (Carabidae:Cicindelinae)in relation to sex (maleand female) sampled in Belém and Igarapé-Açu,Pará,Brazil." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Significant variables for sexual dimorphism were: Body length (p = 0.0024); head width (p = 0.0118), distance between eyes (p = 0.0142), pronotum length (p = 0.0415), pronotum width (p = 0.0115), labral length (p = 0.0253); and pronotum base width (p = 0.0785).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383036D2FFFFDC43CBB2238FFE46F902" blockId="9.[94,719,1050,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
As observed in other studies, cicindelids/carabids commonly exhibit sexual dimorphism, as in spurs of the first segment of the tarsus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CAA223CFFDE7FB82" author="Fuente, H. B. & Vidal, M. & Briones, R. & Jerez, V." box="[404,614,1498,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref4365" refString="Fuente, H. B.; Vidal, M.; Briones, R. & Jerez, V. 2010. Sexual Dimorphism and Morphological Variation in Populations of Ceroglossus chilensis (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12: 87 - 95." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Fuente
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CADC23CFFDA5FB82" box="[490,548,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), antenomers (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CB9523EFFEBCF862" author="Benitez, H. A." box="[163,317,1530,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="164 - 169" refId="ref4168" refString="Benitez, H. A. 2013. Assessment of patterns of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in Carabid body shape. Neotropical Entomology, 42: 164 - 169." type="journal article" year="2013">Benitez, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CA7E23EFFD96F862" author="Fuente, H. B. & Vidal, M. & Briones, R. & Jerez, V." box="[328,535,1530,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref4365" refString="Fuente, H. B.; Vidal, M.; Briones, R. & Jerez, V. 2010. Sexual Dimorphism and Morphological Variation in Populations of Ceroglossus chilensis (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12: 87 - 95." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Fuente
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CAAA23EFFE56F862" box="[412,471,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal segments (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CBE0200FFE1FF842" author="Alibert, P. & Moureau, B. & Dommergues, J. & David, D." box="[214,414,1562,1587]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="299 - 311" refId="ref3979" refString="Alibert, P.; Moureau, B.; Dommergues, J. & David, D. 2001. Differentiation at a microgeographical scale within two species of ground beetle, Carabus auronitens and C. nemoralis (Coleoptera, Carabidae): a geometrical morphometric approach. Zoologica Scripta, 30 (4): 299 - 311." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||||
Alibert
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CA11200FFEDEF842" box="[295,351,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2001
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).The female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8F4D51FFFFDC43C973200FFFF4F822" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Aniara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepulchralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43C973200FFFF4F822" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A.sepulchralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is significantly larger, as in many invertebrates (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43C9B2202FFF1BF802" author="Gould, S. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref4455" refString="Gould, S. J. 1996. Os dentes da galinha. Rio de Janeiro, Paz e Terra." type="book" year="1996">Gould, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This may be due to factors such as the ability to support the male′s weight during copulation or the need to support more and heavier eggs for increased fecundity (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CBB720AFFEEDF8A2" author="Adams, D. C. & Funk, D. J." box="[129,364,1722,1747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="180 - 194" refId="ref3931" refString="Adams, D. C. & Funk, D. J. 1997. Morphometric inferences on sibling species and sexual dimorphism in Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles: multivariate applications of the thin-plate spline. Systematic Biology, 46 (1): 180 - 194." type="journal article" year="1997">Adams & Funk, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CA4020AFFDE2F8A2" author="Tammaru, T. & Esperk, T. & Castellanos, I." box="[374,611,1722,1747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="430 - 438" refId="ref5028" refString="Tammaru, T.; Esperk, T. & Castellanos, I. 2002. No evidence for costs of being large in females of Orgyia spp. (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae): larger is always better. Oecologia, 133 (3): 430 - 438." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||||
Tammaru
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CAD120AFFDA0F8A2" box="[487,545,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Possible cause(s) of this size dimorphism include a combination of environmental factors, such as humid or dry weather, and anthropogenic factors, such as soil or forest management and increased urbanization near these sites (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CB52214FFF7CF902" author="Benitez, H. A." box="[100,253,1882,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="164 - 169" refId="ref4168" refString="Benitez, H. A. 2013. Assessment of patterns of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in Carabid body shape. Neotropical Entomology, 42: 164 - 169." type="journal article" year="2013">Benitez, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C1E4B23FFFFDC43CA30214FFE3CF902" author="Papp, D. & Mizser, S. & Nagy, L. & Vidic, A. & Simon, E. & Tothmeresz, B." box="[262,445,1882,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref4779" refString="Papp, D.; Mizser, S.; Nagy, L.; Vidic, A.; Simon, E. & Tothmeresz, B. 2020. Changes in Morphometric Traits of Ground Beetles Along Urbanization Gradients. Journal of Insect Science, 20: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
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Papp
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AFBEAC0FFFFDC43CA72214FFEFCF902" box="[324,381,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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