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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.77940" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-196-91" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9AB876E6E694518B824817FD23421268" ModsDocID="1314-2003-196-91" checkinTime="1653390776267" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fassou, Georgia, Korotkova, Nadja, Nersesyan, Anush, Koch, Marcus A., Dimopoulos, Panayotis &amp; Borsch, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="B4D92A99EBC9540FB4CF24EDA543DAD3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 196: 91-214" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 196" docPubDate="2022-05-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.77940" docTitle="Dianthus hispidus Fassou, N. Korotkova, Dimop. &amp; Borsch 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="9AB876E6E694518B824817FD23421268" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="9AB876E6E694518B824817FD23421268" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) - overall phylogenetic relationships and assessment of species diversity based on a first comprehensive checklist of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1653390776267" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomy of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) - overall phylogenetic relationships and assessment of species diversity based on a first comprehensive checklist of the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fassou, Georgia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Patras, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Patras, Achaia GR- 26504, Greece</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Korotkova, Nadja</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-3209</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nersesyan, Anush</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>A. Takhtajyan Institute of Botany, Armenian National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Acharyan st. 1, 0040 Yerevan, Armenia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koch, Marcus A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-6829</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics / Botanic Garden and Herbarium Heidelberg (HEID), University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dimopoulos, Panayotis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Patras, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Patras, Achaia GR- 26504, Greece</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Borsch, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">t.borsch@bo.berlin</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-05-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.77940</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.77940</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4D92A99EBC9540FB4CF24EDA543DAD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4D92A99EBC9540FB4CF24EDA543DAD3" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B4D92A99-EBC9-540F-B4CF-24EDA543DAD3" authority="(Boiss. &amp; Balansa) Fassou, N. Korotkova, Dimop. &amp; Borsch" authorityName="Fassou, N. Korotkova, Dimop. &amp; Borsch" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Fassou, N. Korotkova, Dimop. &amp; Borsch" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus hispidus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidus" status="comb. nov.">Dianthus hispidus (Boiss. &amp; Balansa) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. &amp; Borsch</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="91">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fassou &amp; Korotkova &amp; Nersesyan &amp; Koch &amp; Dimopoulos &amp; Borsch" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Fassou &amp; Korotkova &amp; Nersesyan &amp; Koch &amp; Dimopoulos &amp; Borsch" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Velezia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Velezia hispida" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispida" status="comb. nov.">≡ Velezia hispida</taxonomicName>
Boiss. &amp; Balansa in Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 5: 57. 1856.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="syntypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Syntypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Turkey,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaïla">Yaila</normalizedToken>
de Bozdagh (Tmolus occidental), dans les vergers, 27 Jul 1854,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Balansa 117</emphasis>
(GOET-000717!, P-04998030!, P-04998031!, P-04998036!, WAG-0000421!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Netelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Netelia (Prosthodocis) sp. A" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp. A" subGenus="Prosthodocis">Netelia (Prosthodocis) sp. A</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Ireland</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">added by Broad &amp; Shaw (in prep.)</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c8d8e79-b176-41e6-87c9-fb6f4b5ff9a6" ID-PMC="PMC7591553" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-976-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" ID-PubMed="33173395" ID-ZooBank="B755A1D5D42D4CA589BE10C11EAB4580" ModsDocID="1313-2970-976-1" checkinTime="1603239875264" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2020" docId="B4D94F08788750F38FCDB082820358BB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 976: 1-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 976" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" docTitle="Sarika dohrniana" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169619115" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand &amp; Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName LSID="B4D94F08-7887-50F3-8FCD-B082820358BB" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana">Sarika dohrniana (Pfeiffer, 1860)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographic distribution of Sarika caligina sp. nov., S. dohrniana, S. heptagyra, and S. subheptagyra sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464388" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Living snails of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7843 showing left shell lobe lobes (lsl) B S. resplendens specimen CUMZ 7827 C mating pairs of S. resplendens CUMZ 7876 D S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7611 E S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 F S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652. All not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A, B Sarika resplendens A specimen NHMUK 1898.5.18.157 and B specimen CUMZ 7815 C, D S. dohrniana C syntype NHMUK 20160046 and D specimen CUMZ 7611. E, F S. obesior E specimen CUMZ 7675 and F specimen CUMZ 7673." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia. A, B Sarika dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D Sarika obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 14A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Spermatophore of Sarika dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 A general view of spermatophore B head filament C, D tail filament showing C two spines located close to the sperm sac and D tip region of tail filament. Yellow arrowhead indicates the end of the spines from the tip of the tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7851 B S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 C S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 D S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 E S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464412" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix (Nanina) dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana" subGenus="Nanina">Helix (Nanina) dohrniana</taxonomicName>
Pfeiffer, 1860: 136. Type locality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Siam”">&quot;Siam&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Thailand].
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B64" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1868. Monographia Heliceorum Viventium, Supplementum Tertium. Volume 5. Lipsiae: F.A. Brockhaus, 565 pp." title="Monographia Heliceorum Viventium, Supplementum Tertium. Volume 5. Lipsiae: F. A. Brockhaus, 565 pp." year="1868">Pfeiffer 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 97.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina (Hemiplecta) dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana" subGenus="Hemiplecta">Nanina (Hemiplecta) dohrniana</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Martens von, E" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished Master's Thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B45" refString="Martens von, E, 1867. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Verlag der Koeniglichen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 477 pp." title="Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Verlag der Koeniglichen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 477 pp." year="1867">Martens 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 72.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina (Xestina) dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana" subGenus="Xestina">Nanina (Xestina) dohrniana</taxonomicName>
: Tryon 1886: 83, pl. 16, figs 23, 24.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina (Xesta) dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana" subGenus="Xesta">Nanina (Xesta) dohrniana</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, H" journalOrPublisher="In: Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="390 - 450" refId="B19" refString="Fischer, H, Dautzenberg, P, 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo- Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour. In: Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses 3: 390 - 450" title="Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo- Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour." volume="3" year="1904">Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 394.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Ariophanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariophanta (Hemiplecta) dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana" subGenus="Hemiplecta">Ariophanta (Hemiplecta) dohrniana</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14809" author="Fischer, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Dejussieu Pere et Fils, Autun" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Fischer, P, 1891. Catalogue et distribution geographique des Mollusques terrestres, fluviatiles &amp; marins ďune partie de ľIndo-Chine (Siam, Laos, Cambodge, Cochinchine, Annam, Tonkin). Imprimerie Dejussieu Pere et Fils, Autun, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14809" title="Catalogue et distribution geographique des Mollusques terrestres, fluviatiles &amp; marins ďune partie de ľIndo-Chine (Siam, Laos, Cambodge, Cochinchine, Annam, Tonkin)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14809" year="1891">Fischer 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana">Sarika dohrniana</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Godwin-Austen, HH" journalOrPublisher="Theobald and Hanley's Conchologia Indica, Taylor &amp; Francis, London. Volume 1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B25" refString="Godwin-Austen, HH, 1898, 1907. [1897-1914] Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, Including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and other Islands of the Indian Ocean. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologia Indica, Taylor &amp; Francis, London. Volume 2, 442 pp. [pls 63-158; 47-86, pls 70-82 [1898]; 147-238, pls 101-117 [1907]]" title="[1897 - 1914] Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, Including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and other Islands of the Indian Ocean. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologia Indica, Taylor &amp; Francis, London. Volume 2, 442 pp. [pls 63 - 158; 47 - 86, pls 70 - 82 [1898]; 147 - 238, pls 101 - 117 [1907 ]]" year="1898, 1907">Godwin-Austen 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 181, 182;
<bibRefCitation author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 100" refId="B85" refString="Sutcharit, C, Panha, S, 2008. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Sarika diadema (Dall, 1897) and S. asamurai (Panha, 1997), two endemic land snails from Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56: 95 - 100" title="Taxonomic re-evaluation of Sarika diadema (Dall, 1897) and S. asamurai (Panha, 1997), two endemic land snails from Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae)." volume="56" year="2008">Sutcharit and Panha 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 96.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntypes</emphasis>
NHMUK ex. Cuming collection: 20160046 (three shells; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A, B Sarika resplendens A specimen NHMUK 1898.5.18.157 and B specimen CUMZ 7815 C, D S. dohrniana C syntype NHMUK 20160046 and D specimen CUMZ 7611. E, F S. obesior E specimen CUMZ 7675 and F specimen CUMZ 7673." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11C</figureCitation>
) from Siam [Thailand].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand.</emphasis>
Siam: NHMUK 1903.7.1.464 (one shell).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand-Northeastern.</emphasis>
Dong Phya Fai, Siam: NHMUK 1903.7.1.1702 ex. Flower collection (two shells). Wat Thep Phithak Punnaram, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="57.3" value="14.615917">14°36'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.3" value="101.25953">101°15'34.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7616. Wat Tham Thian Chai Chonprathan, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.5" value="14.618751">14°37'07.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.5" value="101.304306">101°18'15.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7621. Wat Tham Praput, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="37.6" value="14.593778">14°35'37.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.8" value="101.67133">101°40'16.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7619. Wat Tham Pin Kaeo, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="26.4" value="14.607334">14°36'26.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.4" value="101.619835">101°37'11.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7622. Wat Tham Sap Muet, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.0" value="14.787223">14°47'14.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="49.8" value="101.4305">101°25'49.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7624. Wat Tham Santitham, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="29.7" value="14.574917">14°34'29.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.5" value="101.62681">101°37'36.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7625. Muak Lek Waterfall, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.1" value="14.643361">14°38'36.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.4" value="101.204834">101°12'17.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7632. Mountain area near Lam Phra Phloeng Dam, Pak Thong Chai, Nakhon Ratchasima,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.0" value="14.5425005">14°32'33.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.0" value="101.76028">101°45'37.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7631.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand-Central.</emphasis>
Wat Tham Mongkut, Phra Phutthabat, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.9" value="14.678028">14°40'40.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.6" value="100.84267">100°50'33.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7620. Tham Rakhang-Tham Kin Non, Phra Phutthabat, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="57.1" value="14.715861">14°42'57.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="49.3" value="100.79703">100°47'49.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7626. Saeng Tham Cave, Muak Lek, Saraburi: CUMZ 7613. Wat Tham Tham Osot, Muak Lek, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="35.7" value="14.709916">14°42'35.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="01.5" value="101.11709">101°07'01.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7627. Wat Tham Rattana Buppha, Muak Lek, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="35.3" value="14.693139">14°41'35.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.5" value="101.1307">101°07'50.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7629. Wat Tham Si Wilai, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.4" value="14.712333">14°42'44.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="58.5" value="100.86625">100°51'58.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7630, 7633. Wat Tham Phra Phothisat, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.2" value="14.575889">14°34'33.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.6" value="101.145164">101°08'42.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7614, 7618. Wat Tham Khao Kaeo, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.9" value="14.604694">14°36'16.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.6" value="101.093506">101°05'36.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7628. Mountain area in Thap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.7" value="14.52575">14°31'32.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.4" value="101.02706">101°01'37.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7635. Wat Tham Mongkol Nimit, Mueang, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.1" value="14.8261385">14°49'34.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.4" value="100.75789">100°45'28.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7611 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A, B Sarika resplendens A specimen NHMUK 1898.5.18.157 and B specimen CUMZ 7815 C, D S. dohrniana C syntype NHMUK 20160046 and D specimen CUMZ 7611. E, F S. obesior E specimen CUMZ 7675 and F specimen CUMZ 7673." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11D</figureCitation>
). Wat Pa Tham Sua, Mueang, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.6" value="14.8135">14°48'48.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="03.9" value="100.78442">100°47'03.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7612. Wat Tham Phrathat, Mueang, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="23.6" value="14.806556">14°48'23.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="29.7" value="100.82491">100°49'29.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7615. Wat Tham Muang, Mueang, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.1" value="14.801972">14°48'07.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="40.3" value="100.77786">100°46'40.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7617. Wat Tham Phrom Sawat, Phatthana Nikhom, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.0" value="14.758889">14°45'32.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="22.4" value="100.93956">100°56'22.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7623. Wat Pa Tham Ariyasatsi, Phatthana Nikhom, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.3" value="14.799528">14°47'58.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.0" value="100.88611">100°53'10.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7636. Mountain area in Chai Badan, Chai Badan, Lopburi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="21.2" value="14.989223">14°59'21.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.3" value="100.8762">100°52'34.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
: CUMZ 7634.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell large to very large, depressed to conoid-depressed and rounded to slightly obtusely angulated body whorl. Animal with pale grey body and five mantle lobes. Genitalia with straight epiphallic caecum and small cuboidal penial pilasters. Spermatophore: head filament with irregularly smooth longitudinal ridges; tail filament near sperm sac with two spines and terminal part more than ca. one-eighth of its length with series of several branching spines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shell depressed to conoid-depressed, large to very large size (shell width up to 33.2 mm, shell height up to 18.9 mm) and rather thin to slightly solid. Shell surface smooth, rather coarse above periphery; shell colour yellowish brown to dark brown. Whorls 6-
<normalizedToken originalValue="6½">61/2</normalizedToken>
, increasing regularly; body whorl large and rounded to slightly obtusely angulated. Spire very much elevated; suture impressed. Aperture crescent-shaped and obliquely opened. Peristome simple. Columellar margin simple and slightly reflected near umbilicus. Umbilicus narrowly opened (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A, B Sarika resplendens A specimen NHMUK 1898.5.18.157 and B specimen CUMZ 7815 C, D S. dohrniana C syntype NHMUK 20160046 and D specimen CUMZ 7611. E, F S. obesior E specimen CUMZ 7675 and F specimen CUMZ 7673." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genital organs</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Atrium short. Penis cylindrical, elongate and with thin penial sheath covering proximal penis. Inner sculpture of penis proximally more than ca. half of penial chamber with very fine longitudinal penial pilasters, and then transformed to small cuboidal pilasters. Epiphallus cylindrical, as long as penis and slightly narrower than penis. Epiphallic caecum short, straight, approximately same diameter as epiphallus, and located near middle of epiphallus. Penial retractor muscle thin and attached at tip of epiphallic caecum. Flagellum slender and long, approximately as long as epiphallus. Vas deferens thin tube connecting distal epiphallus and free oviduct (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia. A, B Sarika dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D Sarika obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vagina cylindrical and approximately half of penis length. Dart apparatus enlarged, long cylindrical, and located on atrium at vagina and penis junction. Gametolytic sac bulbous; gametolytic duct long and cylindrical. Free oviduct short, approximately half of vagina length, and proximal end encircled with thick tissue (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia. A, B Sarika dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis C, D Sarika obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Spermatophore long and needle-shaped. Sperm sac enlarged and elongate-oval. Head filament gourd shape with irregularly smooth longitudinal ridges. Tail filament very long tube; region near sperm sac with two spines. Spine I simple and little curved. Spine II long and branching into many spinules near the tip. Most of region furthest away smooth and without spine; terminal part (more than ca. one-eighth of its length) with series of short to long branching spines arranged in opposite rows (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Spermatophore of Sarika dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 A general view of spermatophore B head filament C, D tail filament showing C two spines located close to the sperm sac and D tip region of tail filament. Yellow arrowhead indicates the end of the spines from the tip of the tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464388" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika caligina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caligina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika caligina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dohrniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dohrniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dohrniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. heptagyra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heptagyra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. heptagyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subheptagyra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subheptagyra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. subheptagyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Teeth with half row formula: 1-(19-20)-80. Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid; lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid; marginal teeth elongate bicuspid. Marginal teeth starting at ca. row number 19 or 20 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7851 B S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 C S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 D S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 E S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464412" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External features</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Animal with reticulated skin and pale grey body, dark creamy mixing with grey foot sole and dark creamy to pale grey caudal horn. Mantle edge well developed and same colour as body (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Living snails of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7843 showing left shell lobe lobes (lsl) B S. resplendens specimen CUMZ 7827 C mating pairs of S. resplendens CUMZ 7876 D S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7611 E S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 F S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652. All not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika dohrniana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dohrniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika dohrniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the karstic habitats and forested mountains in northeastern and central Thailand (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographic distribution of Sarika caligina sp. nov., S. dohrniana, S. heptagyra, and S. subheptagyra sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464388" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coi analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COI analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The ML and BI analyses of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dohrniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dohrniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dohrniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed that three individuals formed a monophyletic group with very strong support (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
; BS = 100%, PP = 1), sister to the rest of most species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. solemi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="solemi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. solemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. +
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dugasti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dugasti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dugasti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The mean intraspecific genetic distance of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dohrniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dohrniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dohrniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was 1.7% (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean intra-specific and inter-specific genetic divergences among species of Sarika from the mitochondrial COI gene sequences estimated by the K 2 P model. Taxa in bold are the new species described herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The remarkable characters of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dohrniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dohrniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dohrniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are its large size, conoid-depressed shell, the coarser shell surface compared to other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and the head filament of the spermatophore with its irregularly smooth longitudinal ridges and the two spines on the tail filament near the sperm sac.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/909E98B1-A957-44F0-BD2E-2C665E67CFB1" class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus insperatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Australocarcinus insperatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="27">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1, 2, 3
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Holotype: male (10.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1072), in shallow stream, ca. 800 m from sea, about 2 km south-southeast of international airport,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.692339">4°41'32.42&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="55.51747">55°31'2.90&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mahé">Mahe</normalizedToken>
, Seychelles, coll. SR Daniels, May 2010. Paratypes: 1 male (8.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.2 mm), 1 female (9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.8 mm) (ZRC 2017.1073), same data as holotype.
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="28" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Carapace subquadrate, front weakly bilobed, with shallow median concavity (Fig. 1A, B); dorsal surface gently convex (Fig. 1F); dorsal surfaces and margins covered with short uneven tomentum (Fig. 1A, B); anterolateral margins arcuate, with four low teeth: first widest with gently sinuous margin, second lobiform, third wide, fourth (at junction of antero- and posterolateral margins) dentate, directed laterally, protruding beyond margin (Fig. 1B). Posterolateral margin converging towards gently convex posterior carapace margin (Fig. 1B). Epistome compressed, posterior margin with distinct triangular median lobe with median fissure, lateral margins gently sinuous (Fig. 1G). Eye peduncle completely filling orbit, relatively short, mobile; cornea distinct, pigmented (Fig. 1B, F). Third maxillipeds leaving gap when closed; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle auriculiform; ischium quadrate, slightly longer than merus with very shallow median sulcus (Fig. 1C, D). Chelipeds subequal, relatively stouter in males (Figs 1A, 2E); cutting margins of both chelae with distinct teeth in both sexes, base of fingers with tuft of stiff setae; proximal part of dactylus of right chela with large, triangular tooth directed towards palm (Fig. 2A); ventral surface of cheliped merus with tubercles. Ambulatory legs moderately short; meri unarmed but setose to varying degrees; P2 carpus, propodus and dactylus with very long coarse setae which obscures margins (Figs 1A, 2B); P3-P5 propodus and dactylus setose but setae shorter than on P5 (Fig. 2C); P5 dactylus straight (Fig. 2C). Thoracic sternites 1, 2 fused, broadly triangular, short; separated from sternite 3 by sinuous groove; sternites 3, 4 fused, relatively broad (Fig. 1D). Male pleon with lateral margins of somite 6 and fused somites 3‒5 gently sinuous; telson slightly longer than broad (Fig. 1D, E). Sterno-pleonal cavity of male deep, press-button for pleonal holding small, short tubercle posterior to thoracic sternal suture 4/5 near edge of sterno-pleonal cavity. Male thoracic sternite 8 short, rectangular; supplementary plate narrow, wider along outer part (Figs 1E, 2D). G1 stout; basal part truncate; distal part cylindrical, with rounded tip, covered with short spinules (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
). G2 prominently longer than G1, basal segment curved; distal segment slightly longer than basal segment, apex cup-like (Fig. 3E, F). Somites of female pleon with slightly convex lateral margins; telson wider than long (Fig. 2F). Sterno-pleonal cavity of female moderately deep, with large vulvae distinctly separated from each other, covering most of thoracic sternite 5, ovate, with low raised lip on outer margin, opening slit-like (Fig. 2G).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus insperatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Australocarcinus insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype male (10.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1072), Seychelles. A overall dorsal habitus B dorsal view of carapace (right side denuded) C right third maxilliped (denuded) D anterior thoracic sternum and pleon E posterior thoracic sternum and pleon F frontal view of cephalothorax G posterior margin of epistome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus insperatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Australocarcinus insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
holotype male (10.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1072), Seychelles
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
paratype female (9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.8 mm) (ZRC 2017.1073), Seychelles. A outer surfaces of chelae B right first ambulatory leg showing setose posterior margin on propodus and dactylus C left fourth ambulatory leg D posterior thoracic sternum showing supplementary plate E female overall dorsal habitus F female posterior thoracic sternum and pleon G female sterno-pleonal cavity showing vulvae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
From the Latin &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="insperatus" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="insperatus">insperatus</taxonomicName>
&quot; for
<normalizedToken originalValue="“unforeseen”">&quot;unforeseen&quot;</normalizedToken>
, alluding to the unexpected discovery of a species of
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Australocarcinus</taxonomicName>
in the western Indian Ocean.
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Davie (1988) originally established
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Australocarcinus</taxonomicName>
for one freshwater species from northern Queensland in Australia,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
Davie, 1988. Davie &amp; Guinot (1996) subsequently described two more species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. kanaka" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="kanaka">A. kanaka</taxonomicName>
Davie &amp; Guinot, 1996, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. palauensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="palauensis">A. palauensis</taxonomicName>
Davie &amp; Guinot, 1996, from New Caledonia and Palau, respectively. Davie &amp; Guinot (1996) showed that
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Australocarcinus</taxonomicName>
was in the same subfamily as the more apomorphic cavernicolous species
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Trogloplax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trogloplax joliveti" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joliveti">Trogloplax joliveti</taxonomicName>
Guinot, 1986, from New Britain; that it belonged to the family
<taxonomicName family="Chasmocarcinidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="family">Chasmocarcinidae</taxonomicName>
; and provided evidence that their larval development was truncated with the eggs hatching directly into juvenile crabs or megalopas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus insperatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Australocarcinus insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., is morphologically most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
Davie, 1988, in the anterolateral margin possessing four low teeth, the anteroexternal angle of
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="29" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
merus of the third maxilliped is clearly auriculiform and the male telson is relatively longer.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus insperatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Australocarcinus insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., however, can easily be separated by possessing a more sub-hexagonal carapace (Fig. 1B) (vs. carapace more subquadrate in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 4B); a distinctly convergent posterolateral margin (Fig. 1B) (vs. posterolateral margins subparallel in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 4B); the last anterolateral tooth is triangular and protrudes laterally beyond the carapace margin (Fig. 1B) (vs. last tooth truncate and not extending
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="30" start="start">beyond</pageBreakToken>
carapace margin in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 4B); the ischium of third maxilliped is wider than long (Fig. 1C) (vs. ischium longer than wide in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 4C); the ambulatory merus is more elongate and slender (Figs 1A, 2B, C, E) (vs. meri proportionately shorter
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="31" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 4A); and the G1 is relatively more slender (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
) (vs. G1 stouter in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, cf.
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 182" title="Revision of the family Chasmocarcinidae Serene, 1964 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Goneplacoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4209.1.1" volume="4209" year="2016">Ng and Castro 2016</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 98A).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus insperatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Australocarcinus insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., left G1 and G2; holotype male (10.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1072), Seychelles. A ventral view B ventral view C distal part (ventral view) D distal part (dorsal view) E ventral view F area between basal and distal segments. Scale bars 0.50 mm (A, B, E); 0.25 mm (C, D, F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus riparius" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riparius">Australocarcinus riparius</taxonomicName>
, male (8.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.2 mm) (ZRC 2006.167), Australia. A overall dorsal habitus B dorsal view of carapace (right side denuded) C right third maxilliped (denuded) D posterior thoracic sternum and pleon E anterior thoracic sternum and pleon F posterior thoracic sternum showing supplementary plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
All three specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. insperatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="insperatus">A. insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. have a distinct cutting or peeling tooth at the base of the dactylus of the right chela (Fig. 2A), a character which
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="195 - 199" title="The ' shell peeling' structure of the box crab Calappaphilargius (L.) and other crabs in relation to mollusc shell architecture." volume="13" year="1984">Ng and Tan (1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="98 - 100" title="' Right Handedness' in heterochelous calappoid and xanthoid crabs - suggestion for a functional advantage." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854085X00288" volume="49" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
) have suggested is used to specially feed on gastropod snails. As most gastropod snails have dextral coiling (opening on the right side when viewed frontally),
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="195 - 199" title="The ' shell peeling' structure of the box crab Calappaphilargius (L.) and other crabs in relation to mollusc shell architecture." volume="13" year="1984">Ng and Tan (1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="98 - 100" title="' Right Handedness' in heterochelous calappoid and xanthoid crabs - suggestion for a functional advantage." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854085X00288" volume="49" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
) observed that crabs with the enlarged basal dactylar tooth always have this structure on the right chela to make peeling of the shell more efficient. The other three species of
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Australocarcinus</taxonomicName>
also have this tooth on the right chela (see
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 182" title="Revision of the family Chasmocarcinidae Serene, 1964 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Goneplacoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4209.1.1" volume="4209" year="2016">Ng and Castro 2016</bibRefCitation>
: figs 95A, C, E) and on both sexes. This suggests that one of the main food items of
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Australocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australocarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Australocarcinus</taxonomicName>
are freshwater gastropods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
The discovery of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. insperatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="insperatus">A. insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is surprising as all the members of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Trogloplacinae">Trogloplacinae</taxonomicName>
have been previously found in Australasian and Palau waters. Davie (1988) found juvenile crabs under the pleon of a female
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. riparius" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="riparius">A. riparius</taxonomicName>
, with ovigerous specimens possessing some 70 large eggs.
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Davie and Guinot (1996)</bibRefCitation>
found megalopa under a female pleon of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. kanaka" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="kanaka">A. kanaka</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that the development was direct, like those in primary freshwater crabs like
<taxonomicName family="Potamidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Potamidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Potamonautidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Potamonautidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Gecarcinucidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Gecarcinucidae</taxonomicName>
(and some
<taxonomicName family="Sesarmidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
). All trogloplacines also have large vulvae (
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 182" title="Revision of the family Chasmocarcinidae Serene, 1964 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Goneplacoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4209.1.1" volume="4209" year="2016">Ng and Castro 2016</bibRefCitation>
: figs 99B, D, F, H), suggesting the eggs of the other two species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. palauensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="palauensis">A. palauensis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Chasmocarcinidae" genus="Trogloplax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trogloplax joliveti" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joliveti">Trogloplax joliveti</taxonomicName>
also have large eggs and do not have free-swimming larvae. The vulvae of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. insperatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="insperatus">A. insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. are also large (Fig. 2G). If all trogloplacines have abbreviated (or at least a semi-abbreviated) development and there are no free-swimming larvae, how did they disperse so widely? Despite hypotheses that primary freshwater crabs may have dispersed through Gondwanic connections (
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="581 - 600" title="A revision of the family Deckeniidae Ortmann, 1897), with description of a new genus (Gecarcinucidae: Gecarcinucoidea) from the Seychelles, Indian Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939500770201" volume="29" year="1995">Ng et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
), the available evidence is that they are not old enough to have done so (see
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="227 - 235" title="Evolution of Afrotropical freshwater crab lineages obscured by convergence." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.022" volume="40" year="2006">Daniels et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cumberlidge, N" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="399 - 413" title="A revision of the higher taxonomy of the Afrotropical freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) with a discussion of their biogeography." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00929.x" volume="93" year="2008">Cumberlidge et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Klaus, S" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420092592-c26" year="2009">Klaus et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cumberlidge, N" editor="Martin, JW" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" title="CRC Press, England" url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420092592-c25" year="2009">Cumberlidge and Ng 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="534 - 542" title="Reconstructing the colonization and diversification history of the endemic freshwater crab (Seychellumalluaudi) in the granitic and volcanic Seychelles Arichpelago." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.015" volume="61" year="2011">Daniels 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cumberlidge, N" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" pagination="17 - 31" title="Recognition of two new species of freshwater crabs from the Seychelles based on molecular evidence (Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS13017" volume="28" year="2014">Cumberlidge and Daniels 2014</bibRefCitation>
); and as such, the disjunct distribution of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. insperatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="insperatus">A. insperatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. begs further studies. A complete molecular phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName family="Chasmocarcinidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Chasmocarcinidae</taxonomicName>
is now being undertaken by L. M. Tsang (Chinese University of Hong Kong) and the results should throw some light on this matter in the future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">The freshwater stream where the specimens were collected was shallow, the water flowing over a sandy bottom, with scattered rocks and construction rubble from past development works in the area. The crabs attempted to bury into the soft sand when disturbed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>