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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31602" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa328d36-74c9-4a17-ba05-9f7c7d279caa" ID-PMC="PMC6482115" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-840-87" ID-PubMed="31065228" ID-ZBK="256DCD22DA924AAAB0CF6129E0CFA15F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-840-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 840" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Rhaphium from China, with an updated key to Chinese Rhaphium (Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Rhaphiinae)" checkinTime="1555526074091" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Qilemoge,, Wang, Mengqing &amp; Yang, Ding" docDate="2019" docId="B5CD1051586DDF93FF69054ABB4B121D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 840: 87-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 840" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31602" docTitle="Rhaphium shaliuhense Qilemoge, Wang &amp; Yang, 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="623CD00A-D4C1-44E2-9C60-A21AF345A650" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFEFEC341554BD50FFC4FFE29A62FFEB" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Rhaphium from China, with an updated key to Chinese Rhaphium (Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Rhaphiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668167177001" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Three new species of Rhaphium from China, with an updated key to Chinese Rhaphium (Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Rhaphiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Qilemoge,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Mengqing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Ding</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>840</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31602</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/623CD00A-D4C1-44E2-9C60-A21AF345A650" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphium shaliuhense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shaliuhense">Rhaphium shaliuhense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 3, 6, 7
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">First flagellomere much elongated, about 7.0 times longer than wide; arista basal segment 0.5 times as long as apical segment. All coxae black, all femora mainly black except hind femur yellow ventrally at base. Fore and mid coxae with yellow bristles, mid coxa apically with a bunch of yellow bristles, hind coxa with one yellow outer bristle. CuAx ratio 0.4. Surstylus finger-like, curved apically and rounded, without distinct bristle. Cercus bifoliate, outer lobe strip-like; inner lobe thick, strip-like, apically with three long and strong bristles.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Male (Fig. 3). Body length 2.5 mm. Wing length 2.7 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head metallic green with pale gray pruinescence. Frons with white pruinescence. Face black with pale pruinescence, not as wide as first flagellomere (length). Upper postocular bristles black, middle and lower postocular bristles yellow. Two oc, two vt, two pvt. Antenna (Fig. 6) black; first flagellomere elongated, about 7.0 times longer than wide, apically sharp; arista black, apical position, basal segment 0.5 times as long as apical segment. Proboscis brown with yellow hairs. Palpus brown with black apical bristle and hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Thorax metallic green with pale gray pruinescence. Mesonotum without dark spot. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. Five strong dc, four irregular pairs of acr, two strong npl, one strong sa, two strong pa; scutellum with two pairs of sc, medial pair pubescent, lateral pair strong.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Legs black; all coxae black, all femora mainly black except hind femur yellow ventrally at base. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore and mid coxa with yellow bristles, mid coxa apically with a bunch of yellow bristles, hind coxa with one yellow outer bristle. Mid and hind femora each with one preapical bristle. Fore tibia with one ad, one pd, one av, and two apical bristles; mid tibia with two ad, two pd, one av, and three apical bristles; hind tibia with three ad, four pd, two av, and four apical bristles. Relative lengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres of fore leg 2.7: 1.4: 0.6: 0.5: 0.3: 0.4; mid leg 4.0: 2.1: 1.0: 0.5: 0.4: 0.5; hind leg 5.0: 1.5: 1.3: 1.0: 0.6: 0.5. Wing hyaline, veins black; M bent medially, M and R4+5 parallel apically; CuAx ratio 0.4. Squama yellow with yellow hairs. Halter yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Abdomen entirely metallic green with pale gray pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Fig. 7): epandrium black, nearly as long as wide. Surstylus finger-like, curved apically and rounded, without distinct bristle. Cercus bifoliate, outer lobe strip-like, apically with long strong bristles; inner lobe thick, strip-like, apically with three long strong bristles.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Holotype male, CHINA, Qinghai, Gangchaxian, Shaliuhe, 3,200 m, collected by sweep net in grassland, 2015.VIII.06, leg. Liang Wang.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Palaearctic: China (Qinghai).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The new species is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. daqinggouense" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="daqinggouense">R. daqinggouense</taxonomicName>
Tang, Wang &amp; Yang, 2016, but the two species can be separated by several features. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. shaliuhense" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="shaliuhense">R. shaliuhense</taxonomicName>
, there are four pairs of acr, all coxae are black, and the surstylus is finger-like, curved apically (Fig. 7). In
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. daqinggouense" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="daqinggouense">R. daqinggouense</taxonomicName>
, there are eight pairs of acr, the all coxae are yellow, except mid coxa is black at basal half, the surstylus is oblanceolate, not curved apically (
<bibRefCitation author="Tang, CF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="581 - 593" title="Rhaphium (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Rhaphiinae) from China with six new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.11" volume="4162" year="2016">Tang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 587, fig. 14).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">The specific name refers to the type locality, Shaliuhe.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
Figures 1-3. Habitus, lateral view. 1
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphium gangchanum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangchanum">Rhaphium gangchanum</taxonomicName>
sp. n. male 2
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphium tianshuiense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshuiense">Rhaphium tianshuiense</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male 3
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphium shaliuhense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shaliuhense">Rhaphium shaliuhense</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
Figures 4-7.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphium gangchanum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangchanum">Rhaphium gangchanum</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male 4 antenna, lateral view 5 genitalia, lateral view.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphium shaliuhense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shaliuhense">Rhaphium shaliuhense</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male 6 antenna, lateral view 7 genitalia, lateral view. Abbreviations: sur = surstylus, cer (o) = outer lobe of cercus, cer (i) = inner lobe of cercus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:affiliation id="EAB6EDFAA32FBD2FAE45E0714B9259D5">Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing normal university - Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China &amp; Macao Entomological Society, Estrada Coronel Nicolau de Mesquita, Macao SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4B8C3D4DE292E6B448A48FFB20F3FDB3" LSID="B5CD62D4-79F1-58B1-889B-7EB257C26F74" authority="Brenske, 1902" authorityName="Brenske" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Holotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holotrichia geilenkenseri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geilenkenseri">Holotrichia geilenkenseri Brenske, 1902</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="FBDFD20CA0C847ABAF9B4709A7DD96A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F38BE05449142365D932B935488A3A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110">
<bibRefCitation id="A2F763C06288083C66E4C06FB3727470" author="Easton, E R" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110" pagination="30 - 36" refId="B10959925" refString="Easton, E R, 1992. 1990 additions to the annotated list of the insects of Macau. Entomological News 103 (1): 30 - 36" title="1990 additions to the annotated list of the insects of Macau" volume="103" year="1992">Easton (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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