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data/B5/BB/1B/B5BB1BF2010D628119F41A45418EE0CC.xml
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<mods:title id="E6712FC3102282BA80EF150D8EE7FADF">Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05AFF60CC7DC1F502E4DA817F691E06D">Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8BC4EEDE75330957ECE928993302A939">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1AF88E813B70FFB18ED089CA3C1DF094">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="301F8A3AC22E8BC52132B3333DB7E926">
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<mods:date id="F4C0C00CA47DCE94F98CC72BD4CFA074">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="508FF8179309F7E933431C1AB95A5475" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--9042</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B5BB1BF2010D628119F41A45418EE0CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BB1BF2010D628119F41A45418EE0CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BB1BF2010D628119F41A45418EE0CC" lastPageNumber="9042" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
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<paragraph id="F9996C48C4A5AA3DD797B5790A40CC0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
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<taxonomicName id="BC0CC227C09CCA886530E79CD86BCE24" ID-CoL="4J2PR" ID-ENA="2882684" authority="Schiodte, 1839" authorityName="Schiodte" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pion nigripes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
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Pion nigripes
|
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<normalizedToken id="BA2E424439E720E5F28410B3489AEBB1" originalValue="Schiødte">Schiodte</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1839
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="18476E9117E75781D2520C657D09C0AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8465E681E3CC43940D664CC0BCEFEC89" genus="Ethelurgina" lsidName="Ethelurgina crassipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" rank="species" species="crassipes">crassipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Holmgren, 1857,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6FA944F0F5830BECB51EB250CE952ED7" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Catoglyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catoglyptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catoglyptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); synonymy by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="89BCDD0DED2561C65E4516EE975AB59C" author="Horstmann, K." journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" pagination="253 - 263" title="Uebersicht ueber die von Schiodte (1839 a) eingefuehrten Namen fuer Taxa der Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)" volume="36" year="2004">Horstmann (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="76D86325BE266529157ADBB9305F897A" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2A64B410B533157C8239FCB4CF14D7E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="16E7E856681E37109801A393B04B2536" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Scotland</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="40A9D40F4B51C1CBFA73FED62907BD02" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9DC9693508A2D8FCD9B6826CB439D3C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Notes</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EE2D87E377429C5EED29E0D33019F46F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">BMNH, NMS, added here</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
152
data/B5/BB/42/B5BB42018BAE0DDD501DBA8A097FB8B2.xml
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152
data/B5/BB/42/B5BB42018BAE0DDD501DBA8A097FB8B2.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665" ID-GBIF-Dataset="316ad051-2fe8-46d7-9b67-dea2772c1187" ID-PMC="PMC6015126" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-35-1" ID-PubMed="29942174" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-4049-35-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 35" ModsDocTitle="Cryptic species of Curvularia in the culture collection of the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium" checkinTime="1529123339370" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tan, Yu Pei, Crous, Pedro W. & Shivas, Roger G." docDate="2018" docId="B5BB42018BAE0DDD501DBA8A097FB8B2" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 35: 1-25" docOrigin="MycoKeys 35" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665" docTitle="Curvularia platzii Y. P. Tan & R. G. Shivas, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAF4477FFCC326C3D3CFF86FF9C7762" masterDocTitle="Cryptic species of Curvularia in the culture collection of the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668136002195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Cryptic species of Curvularia in the culture collection of the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Tan, Yu Pei</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Crous, Pedro W.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Shivas, Roger G.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>35</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>25</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-35-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="145966421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BB42018BAE0DDD501DBA8A097FB8B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BB42018BAE0DDD501DBA8A097FB8B2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="825459" authority="Y. P. Tan & R. G. Shivas" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Curvularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Curvularia platzii" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="platzii">Curvularia platzii Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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Fig. 4
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Australia, Queensland, Warwick, from leaf spot on
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus clandestinus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinus">Cenchrus clandestinus</taxonomicName>
|
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, 24 Jan. 2001, G.J. Platz (holotype BRIP 27703b, includes ex-type culture).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName genus="Colonies" lsidName="Colonies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Colonies</taxonomicName>
|
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on PDA approx. 2 cm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface dark olivaceous green.
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<taxonomicName genus="Hyphae" lsidName="Hyphae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Hyphae</taxonomicName>
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subhyaline, smooth, septate, up to 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide.
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<taxonomicName genus="Conidiophores" lsidName="Conidiophores" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Conidiophores</taxonomicName>
|
||||
erect, straight to flexuous, geniculate towards apex, uniformly brown, sometimes pale brown towards apex, septate, up to 75
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
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long, 5-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
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wide, swollen at base, 8-10
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
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.
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<taxonomicName genus="Conidiogenous" lsidName="Conidiogenous cells" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cells">Conidiogenous cells</taxonomicName>
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integrated, terminal or intercalary, with sympodial proliferation, pale brown to brown, smooth, mono- or polytretic, with darkened scars.
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<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Conidia" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Conidia</taxonomicName>
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fusiform to narrowly clavate, brown, end cells sometimes paler, (65-) 94-105 (-115)
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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(11-) 12.5-13.5 (-14)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 9-13-distoseptate; hila non-protuberant, thickened and darkened.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Named after Gregory (Greg) J. Platz, in recognition of his contributions to Australian cereal plant pathology for the past 30 years, as well as his prowess as an international and Queensland rugby league footballer.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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The multilocus phylogenetic analyses indicated
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. platzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="platzii">C. platzii</taxonomicName>
|
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was sister to
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hominis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hominis">C. hominis</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. meuhlenbeckiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="meuhlenbeckiae">C. meuhlenbeckiae</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pisi">C. pisi</taxonomicName>
|
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(Fig. 1).
|
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Curvularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Curvularia platzii" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="platzii">Curvularia platzii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished in one locus from the ex-type culture of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hominis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hominis">C. hominis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(97% in tef1α) and in two loci from the reference culture of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. meuhlenbeckiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="meuhlenbeckiae">C. meuhlenbeckiae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(99% in gapdh and 99% in tef1α) and the ex-type culture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pisi">C. pisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(98% in gapdh and 99% in tef1α).
|
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Curvularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Curvularia platzii" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="platzii">Curvularia platzii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hominis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hominis">C. hominis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. meuhlenbeckiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="meuhlenbeckiae">C. meuhlenbeckiae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pisi">C. pisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which have much shorter asymmetrical conidia with fewer septa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Madrid, H" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="48 - 60" title="Novel Curvularia species from clinical specimens." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X683538" volume="33" year="2014">Madrid et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Marin-Felix, J" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="99 - 216" title="Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002" volume="86" year="2017 a">Marin-Felix et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Curvularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Curvularia platzii" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="platzii">Curvularia platzii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from the holotype. The host,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus clandestinus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinus">Cenchrus clandestinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(syn.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum clandestinus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinus">Pennisetum clandestinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), is a perennial grass with a worldwide distribution (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, BK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="http://ausgrass2.myspecies.info/" year="2011">Simon and Alfonso 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Curvularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Curvularia" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Curvularia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species associated with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. clandestinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="clandestinus">C. clandestinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lunata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lunata">C. lunata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nodulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nodulosa">C. nodulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. trifolii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trifolii">C. trifolii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Farr, DF" journalOrPublisher="Mycoscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/" year="2018">Farr and Rossman 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Herbarium Catalogue 2017), although these records have not been verified by phylogenetic analyses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
808
data/B5/BB/7F/B5BB7F30978E0B8FF5626062E583DFA7.xml
Normal file
808
data/B5/BB/7F/B5BB7F30978E0B8FF5626062E583DFA7.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
|
|||
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
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|
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<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>200</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>423</mods:end>
|
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</mods:extent>
|
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</mods:part>
|
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
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<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
|
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</mods:location>
|
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BB7F30978E0B8FF5626062E583DFA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BB7F30978E0B8FF5626062E583DFA7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
2a.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="L. var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum L. var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum A flowering branch B calyx C glandular trichome of the calyx D eglandular trichome of the calyx E flower, upper view F sector of opened corolla G gynoecium H fruit I seed J seed, in cross section K embryo A-G from Hunziker 7350 H-K from Hunziker 1579. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Barboza (2013), courtesy of the Board of the Instituto Darwinion (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695440" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum A plant B flower bud C purple flower bud D, E, F flowers at anthesis, different views G young fruiting branch showing ovary with long and short styles H immature fruits I mature fruit A, C from Barboza 4913 B, D-F, H from Barboza 5038 G from Barboza 2431 bis, I from Barboza et al. 3419. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum pulchellum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchellum">Capsicum pulchellum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 134. 1796, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (cited in synonymy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">Capsicum microcarpum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles): 371. 1802. Type. Cultivated in the Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid, Spain "H.R.M. [Hortus Regis Matritensis]. Se
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="cría">cria</normalizedToken>
|
||||
en la Havana... y se cultiva en el
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="botánico”">botanico"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(lectotype, designated here: MA [MA-307276]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum ciliare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliare">Capsicum ciliare</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Willd., Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1: 243. 1809. Type. Cultivated in Berlin, Germany, of unknown origin "Cult. in Hort. Bot. Berol.", C.L. Willdenow s.n. (lectotype, designated here: B [B-W04430-01-0]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum indicum subsp. var. var. ribesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="ribesium">Capsicum indicum Dierb. var. ribesium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dierb., Arch. Apotheker-Vereins
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nördl">Noerdl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Teutschl. 30 (1): 29. 1829. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">C. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum comarim" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comarim">Capsicum comarim</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 60. 1829 (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1825”">"1825"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); Fl. Flumin. Icon. 2: t. 2. 1831 (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1827”">"1827"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Type. Brazil. [Rio de Janeiro]: "Colitur hortis, et sponte undequaque crescit" (lectotype, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/644.14" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="822 - 836" refId="B236" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Romero, MV, Vignoli-Silva, M, Giacomin, LL, Stehmann, JR, 2015. Identification and lectotypification of the Solanaceae from Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis. Taxon 64 (4): 822 - 836, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/644.14" title="Identification and lectotypification of the Solanaceae from Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/644.14" volume="64" year="2015">Knapp et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pag. 284: [illustration] Original parchment plate of Flora Fluminensis in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198651_005] and later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icon. 2: t. 2. 1831).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum cumanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumanense">Capsicum cumanense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fingerh., Monogr. Capsic.: 17. 1832, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on (renaming of) "
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kunth" [=
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">C. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.] (cited in synonymy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="fruticosum" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="microcarpum" subSpecies="forma">Capsicum microcarpum DC. forma fruticosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10(6): 146. 1846. Type. Brazil "In Brasilia", Pohl s.n. (lectotype, designated here: M [M-0171544]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="herbaceum" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="microcarpum" subSpecies="forma">Capsicum microcarpum DC. forma herbaceum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10(6): 146. 1846. Type. Brazil. "Martius Mss. in Itinerario n. 132", Prope Polafoco, Sept.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.F.P. Martius 132</emphasis>
|
||||
(lectotype, designated here: M [M-0171543]; isolectotype, CORD [CORD00101765]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Cav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="microcarpum">Capsicum annuum L. var. microcarpum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(DC.) Alef., Landw. Fl.: 133. 1866. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">Capsicum microcarpum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
DC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum annuum L. var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Cav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="microcarpum">Capsicum annuum L. var. microcarpum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Cav.) Voss, in Vilm.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blumengärtn">Blumengaertn</normalizedToken>
|
||||
., ed. 3. 1: 723. 1894. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">Capsicum microcarpum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cav.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="frutescens" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum frutescens L. var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Irish, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 99. 1898. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum subsp. var. var. glabrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="microcarpum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrescens">Capsicum microcarpum Cav. var. glabrescens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 244. 1918. Type. Paraguay.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: "Iter ad Yerbales montium Sierra de Maracayu, in regione cursus superioris fluminis Jejui
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="guazú”">guazu"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Dec. 1898-99,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="É">E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Hassler 5703
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(lectotype, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pg. 28, second step designated here: G [G00390268]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000074084, acc. # 5447772; BM000074084a, acc. # 4575837; G [G00390266 two sheets with same barcode, G00390267], GH [00936720], K [K000585896], MO [MO-503802, acc. # 1574551], NY [00138600], P [P00410160, P00410161, P00482076], UC [UC944854], W [acc. # 1902-0002869]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="annuum" subSpecies="baccatum">Capsicum annuum L. subsp. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.)
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Terpó">Terpo</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Feddes Repert. 72: 173. 1966. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Erect shrubs or perennial herbs 0.50-3 (-3.5) m tall, rarely small trees, the main stem 2-2.5 cm in diameter at base, much branched from near the base and above, the branches spreading in a typical
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
appearance. Young stems 3-4-angled, fragile, green, sometimes the ridges purple, mostly glabrous to sparsely or moderately pubescent with appressed-antrorse, simple, uniseriate, 4-7-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.2-1.2 mm long; nodes usually purple; bark of older stems fissured, dark brown, glabrous; lenticels abundant. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal in size, similar in shape. Leaves membranous, slightly discolorous, dark green above, light green beneath, glabrescent to moderately pubescent with appressed-antrorse trichomes like those of the stems on both surfaces and margins; blades of major leaves 4.5-10 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, ovate, the major veins 5-8 on each side of mid-vein, the base somewhat asymmetric and attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute; petioles (1.5-) 2-4 cm long, moderately to densely pubescent; blades of minor leaves 3.5-4.5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, ovate, the major veins 4-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base rounded or truncate, the apex acute; petioles 0.5-1 cm long, moderately to densely pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, 2-3 flowers per axil, rarely flowers solitary; flowering pedicels (17-) 20-35 mm long, angled, erect or slightly spreading, geniculate at anthesis, glabrescent to moderately pubescent, the eglandular trichomes short, spreading or antrorse; pedicel scars inconspicuous. Buds globose, white with greenish-yellow spots, occasionally purple. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1.5-2 (-2.5) mm long, ca. 2-2.5 mm wide, cup-shaped, thick, green, pubescent with the same trichomes as pedicels and some glandular trichomes, the calyx appendages 5, (0.3-) 0.5-2 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, subequal, thick, erect, cylindrical, inserted close to the margin, pubescent with the same trichomes as calyx tube. Corolla 4.5-7.5 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, thick, white with greenish-yellow spots and white centre outside and within, rotate or rotate-stellate, with interpetalar membrane, lobed 1/3 or less of the way to the base, pubescent adaxially with short glandular trichomes (stalk 1-3-celled; head globose, peltate, unicellular) in the throat and base of the lobes, glabrous abaxially, the tube 4-5 mm long, the lobes 2.5-2.7 mm long, 3.4-3.5 mm wide, broadly triangular, spreading, the margins with very short eglandular trichomes, the tips acute, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long, white, inserted on the corolla 1-1.1 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.5-1.8 mm long, ellipsoid, white or pale yellow, more rarely greyish, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 2.5-2.7 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, ovoid, green; nectary 0.3-0.5 mm tall; styles dimorphic, short style 2-2.5 mm long, not exceeding the anthers length, long style ca. 3.5 mm long, exserted 1.4-1.7 mm beyond the anthers, cylindrical, white; stigma 0.3 mm in diameter, globose or discoid, pale green. Berry 6-8 (-10) mm in diameter, globose or subglobose, less frequently ellipsoid with truncate or flattened apex, 10-20 mm long, 4-7 mm in diameter, green when immature turning to greenish-black and bright red at maturity, deciduous, pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 20-35 mm long, erect, strongly angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 3-4.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, cup-shaped or discoid, green, the appendages 1.5-2.3 mm long, appressed to the berry or spreading. Seeds 12-15 per fruit, 2.5-4 mm long, 2.3-3 mm wide, ovoid, subglobose or C-shaped, pale yellow to yellow, the seed coat smooth or slightly reticulate (SM), cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in shape, the lateral walls sinuate strongly sinuate; embryo imbricate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695440" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
flowering branch
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
calyx
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
glandular trichome of the calyx
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
eglandular trichome of the calyx
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
flower, upper view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
sector of opened corolla
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
gynoecium
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
fruit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
seed
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
seed, in cross section
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
embryo
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-G</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 7350</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H-K</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 1579</emphasis>
|
||||
. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Barboza, GE, 2013. Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21-25." title="Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21 - 25." year="2013">Barboza (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, courtesy of the Board of the Instituto Darwinion (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina), reproduced with permission.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
plant
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
flower bud
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
purple flower bud
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E, F</emphasis>
|
||||
flowers at anthesis, different views
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
young fruiting branch showing ovary with long and short styles
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
immature fruits
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
mature fruit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 4913</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D-F, H</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 5038</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 2431 bis</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3419</emphasis>
|
||||
. Photos by G.E. Barboza.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is widely distributed in South America from northern Venezuela and Colombia through Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, northern and north-eastern Argentina to south and eastern Brazil (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Distribution of C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. baccatum var. umbilicatum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. pendulum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="pendulum">C. baccatum var. pendulum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">C. baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs in dry or humid subtropical or tropical forests with semi-deciduous or deciduous vegetation, between 150 and 1,900 m elevation; it is quite common in Chaco scrub forests, in gallery forests and in the margins or interior of secondary forests. It is frequently a ruderal in disturbed areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from October to May. Fruiting from late November to September.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
2
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 2x = 24 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Pochard, E" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendues 3 eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B369" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1977. Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum. In: Pochard, E, Ed., Capsicum 77. Comptes Rendues 3eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon: 27 - 37" title="Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum." volumeTitle="Capsicum 77." year="1977">Pickersgill 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 29" refId="B316" refString="Moscone, EA, Baranyi, M, Ebert, I, Greilhuber, J, Ehrendorfer, F, Hunziker, AT, 2003. Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry. Annals of Botany 92: 21 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" title="Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" volume="92" year="2003">Moscone et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argentina</emphasis>
|
||||
: Coincho (Jujuy,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fabris 3454</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cumbarí">Cumbari</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Misiones,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 15164</emphasis>
|
||||
), Quitucho (Salta,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 1985</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puta-parió">Puta-pario</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Corrientes,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Crovetto 11125
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
quitucho (Salta,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 1579</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
del campo, Ajitucho (Salta,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">West 8389</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
del monte (Salta,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rial Alberti s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
), Pimenta del monte (Misiones,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 15164</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pimentón">Pimenton</normalizedToken>
|
||||
del monte,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ají">aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="cumbarí">cumbari</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Misiones,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 15202</emphasis>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia</emphasis>
|
||||
: Arabibi (Santa Cruz,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zenteno-R 12798</emphasis>
|
||||
), Aribibe (Santa Cruz,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hurtado 296</emphasis>
|
||||
), Aribibi (Chuquisaca,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Debouck 3019</emphasis>
|
||||
; Santa Cruz,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Michel 159</emphasis>
|
||||
), Arivivi (Chuquisaca,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Serrano 1903</emphasis>
|
||||
; Santa Cruz,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4702
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
), Cobincho (Tarija,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krapovickas & Schinini 39010</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
aribibi (Cochabamba,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thomas 705</emphasis>
|
||||
), Aribibi silvestre (Beni,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rivero 218</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
del campo (Tarija,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krapovickas & Schinini 39010</emphasis>
|
||||
), Arivivi grande o cumbarito (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fujiwake, H" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Biological Chemistry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Fundacion PROINPA (2007) Catalogo de aji de ecotipos conservados en campo de agricultores. ONG DEMA and Fundacion PROINPA, Sucre." year="1982">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
PROINPA 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Arivivi
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="last’a">last'a</normalizedToken>
|
||||
o miska (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fujiwake, H" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Biological Chemistry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Fundacion PROINPA (2007) Catalogo de aji de ecotipos conservados en campo de agricultores. ONG DEMA and Fundacion PROINPA, Sucre." year="1982">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
PROINPA 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Arivivi morado (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fujiwake, H" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Biological Chemistry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Fundacion PROINPA (2007) Catalogo de aji de ecotipos conservados en campo de agricultores. ONG DEMA and Fundacion PROINPA, Sucre." year="1982">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
PROINPA 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Arivivi tuna
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="árbol">arbol</normalizedToken>
|
||||
grande (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fujiwake, H" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Biological Chemistry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Fundacion PROINPA (2007) Catalogo de aji de ecotipos conservados en campo de agricultores. ONG DEMA and Fundacion PROINPA, Sucre." year="1982">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
PROINPA 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Arivivi tuna con flor blanca (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fujiwake, H" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Biological Chemistry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Fundacion PROINPA (2007) Catalogo de aji de ecotipos conservados en campo de agricultores. ONG DEMA and Fundacion PROINPA, Sucre." year="1982">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
PROINPA 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</emphasis>
|
||||
: Cumari (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Santo,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crepaldi 59</emphasis>
|
||||
), Pimenta-cumari (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mendonça">Mendonca</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 5971
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
), Pimenta de passarinho (Bahia,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mori 11603</emphasis>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Vichada,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
164
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de babilla (Amazonas,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9423
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de la capitania (Amazonas,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9403
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru</emphasis>
|
||||
: Aji Ayucllo (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bosland, PW" journalOrPublisher="CABI Publishing, Wallingford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B64" refString="Bosland, PW, Votava, EJ, 2000. Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums. CABI Publishing, Wallingford" title="Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums." year="2000">Bosland and Votava 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="indigenous names">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indigenous names.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pochetii (Trinitario, Cochabamba,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thomas 705</emphasis>
|
||||
), Winno, Sachimi (Yuracare, Cochabamba,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thomas 705</emphasis>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
|
||||
: Azi (Piapocos, Vichada,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
164
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
), Gugsobia (Amazonas,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9423
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
), Kulana (And, Amazonas,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Castro &
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matapí">Matapi</normalizedToken>
|
||||
564
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
), Kulana (Yucuna, Amazonas,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9403
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
), Kuraraka (Letuama, Amazonas,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9401
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraguay</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hõmpita">Hompita</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Ayoreo,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boquerón">Boqueron</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gragson 124</emphasis>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuuhá">Nuuha</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Alto Paraguay,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schmeda 1584</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
As fruits are generally extremely pungent, they are collected and stored for use as a food condiment by native populations. Some accessions of this wild pepper (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“arivivi”">"arivivi"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) in Bolivia have been considered promising for their interesting agro-morphological and biochemical characteristics with potential for the development of high value products for different markets (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fujiwake, H" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Biological Chemistry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Fundacion PROINPA (2007) Catalogo de aji de ecotipos conservados en campo de agricultores. ONG DEMA and Fundacion PROINPA, Sucre." year="1982">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
PROINPA 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134663" author="van Zonneveld, M" journalOrPublisher="Recueil d'Observationes Botaniques et de Descriptions de Plantes Nouvelles. Fasc. 1. F. Baggerman, Anvers [Antwerp]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B482" refString="van Zonneveld, M, Ramirez, M, Williams, DE, Petz, M, Meckelmann, S, Avila, T, Bejarano, C, Rios, L, Pena, K, Jaeger, M, Libreros, D, Amaya, K, Scheldeman, X, 2015. Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0134663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134663" title="Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru. PLoS ONE 10 (9): e 0134663." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134663" year="2015">van Zonneveld et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, commercialisation is still marginal and fruits are cultivated in home gardens or gathered from nature for self-consumption or to be distributed locally (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, M" journalOrPublisher="Bioversity International, Cali, Colombia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B222" refString="Jaeger, M, Jimenez, A, Amaya, K [Comp], 2013. Las cadenas de valor de los ajies nativos de Bolivia. Compilacion de los estudios realizados dentro del marco del proyecto "Rescate y Promocion de Ajies Nativos en su Centro de Origen" para Bolivia. Bioversity International, Cali, Colombia" title="Las cadenas de valor de los ajies nativos de Bolivia. Compilacion de los estudios realizados dentro del marco del proyecto " Rescate y Promocion de Ajies Nativos en su Centro de Origen " para Bolivia." year="2013">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
EOO (11,809,545.422 km2); AOO (1,212 km2).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is considered Least Concern (LC) for the time being.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a member of the Baccatum clade and is related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rabenii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chacoense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||||
Carrizo
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This entity is considered to be the wild progenitor of the cultivated
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. pendulum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="pendulum">C. baccatum var. pendulum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and is widespread in South America. Its main centre of domestication is thought to be in the Bolivian Amazonia and inter-Andean valleys (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly062" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="466 - 478" refId="B430" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Barboza, GE, Acosta, MC, 2018. Evolutionary history of the chili pepper Capsicum baccatum L. (Solanaceae): domestication in South America and natural diversification in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 124 (3): 466 - 478, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly062" title="Evolutionary history of the chili pepper Capsicum baccatum L. (Solanaceae): domestication in South America and natural diversification in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly062" volume="124" year="2018">Scaldaferro et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
In an effort to clarify the taxonomy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Eshbaugh and collaborators (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1216151" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="51 - 52" refId="B138" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1968. A nomenclatural note on the genus Capsicum. Taxon 17: 51 - 52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1216151" title="A nomenclatural note on the genus Capsicum." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1216151" volume="17" year="1968">Eshbaugh 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2805720" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 43" refId="B139" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1970. A biosystematics and evolutionary study of Capsicum baccatum (Solanaceae). Brittonia 22: 31 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2805720" title="A biosystematics and evolutionary study of Capsicum baccatum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2805720" volume="22" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="396 - 403" refId="B140" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1976. Genetic and biochemical systematic studies of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 102 (6): 396 - 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" title="Genetic and biochemical systematic studies of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" volume="102" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 105" refId="B103" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Eshbaugh, WH, 1974. New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume. Baileya 19 (3): 93 - 105" title="New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume." volume="19" year="1974">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Eshbaugh 1974
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219739" author="Jensen, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="315 - 327" refId="B226" refString="Jensen, RJ, McLeod, MJ, Eshbaugh, WH, Guttman, SI, 1979. Numerical taxonomic analyses of allozymic variation in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Taxon 28 (4): 315 - 327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1219739" title="Numerical taxonomic analyses of allozymic variation in Capsicum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219739" volume="28" year="1979">Jensen et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Hawkes, JG" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="679 - 700" refId="B377" refString="Pickersgill, B, Heiser Jr, CB, Mc Neill, J, 1979. Numerical taxonomic studies on variation and domestication in some species of Capsicum. In: Hawkes, JG, Lester, RN, Skelding, AD, Eds., The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae. Academic Press, New York: 679 - 700" title="Numerical taxonomic studies on variation and domestication in some species of Capsicum." volumeTitle="The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae." year="1979">Pickersgill et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42227-9.50013-5" author="McLeod, MJ" editor="Tanksley, SD" journalOrPublisher="Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="189 - 201" refId="B285" refString="McLeod, MJ, Guttman, SI, Eshbaugh, WH, 1983a. Peppers (Capsicum). In: Tanksley, SD, Orton, TJ, Eds., Isozymes in Plant Genetics and Breeding, part B. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam: 189 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42227-9.50013-5" title="Peppers (Capsicum)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42227-9.50013-5" volumeTitle="Isozymes in Plant Genetics and Breeding, part B." year="1983 a">McLeod et al. 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05573.x" author="McLeod, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 574" refId="B286" refString="McLeod, MJ, Guttman, SI, Eshbaugh, WH, Rayle, RE, 1983b. An electrophoretic study of evolution in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Evolution 37 (3): 562 - 574, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05573.x" title="An electrophoretic study of evolution in Capsicum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05573.x" volume="37" year="1983 b">1983b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mitchell, C" journalOrPublisher="International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 11" refId="B299" refString="Mitchell, C, Eshbaugh, WH, Wilson, KG, Pittman, BK, 1989. Patterns of chloroplast DNA variations in Capsicum (Solanaceae): A preliminary study. International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter 12: 3 - 11" title="Patterns of chloroplast DNA variations in Capsicum (Solanaceae): A preliminary study." volume="12" year="1989">Mitchell et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and others (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuriachan, P" journalOrPublisher="Madras" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 32" refId="B253" refString="Kuriachan, P, 1981. A cytogenetic study of the wild and cultivated varieties of Capsicum baccatum L. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society. Madras 4 (1): 27 - 32" title="A cytogenetic study of the wild and cultivated varieties of Capsicum baccatum L. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society." volume="4" year="1981">Kuriachan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.34.50" author="Egawa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Breeding" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="50 - 56" refId="B133" refString="Egawa, Y, Tanaka, M, 1984. Cytogenetical relationships among three species of chili peppers, Capsicum chinense, C. frutescens and C. baccatum. Japanese Journal of Breeding 34 (1): 50 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.34.50" title="Cytogenetical relationships among three species of chili peppers, Capsicum chinense, C. frutescens and C. baccatum." url="https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.34.50" volume="34" year="1984">Egawa and Tanaka 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1303" author="Jarret, RL" journalOrPublisher="HortScience" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1303 - 1305" refId="B223" refString="Jarret, RL, 2007. Morphologic variation for fruit characteristics in the USDA/ARS Capsicum baccatum L. germplasm collection. HortScience 42 (5): 1303 - 1305, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1303" title="Morphologic variation for fruit characteristics in the USDA / ARS Capsicum baccatum L. germplasm collection." url="https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1303" volume="42" year="2007">Jarret 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly062" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="466 - 478" refId="B430" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Barboza, GE, Acosta, MC, 2018. Evolutionary history of the chili pepper Capsicum baccatum L. (Solanaceae): domestication in South America and natural diversification in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 124 (3): 466 - 478, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly062" title="Evolutionary history of the chili pepper Capsicum baccatum L. (Solanaceae): domestication in South America and natural diversification in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly062" volume="124" year="2018">Scaldaferro et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) have studied the wild and domesticated forms of this species with a multitude of techniques (morphological, breeding, cytogenetic, biochemical, molecular, phylogeographical); the results support the wild progenitor-domesticate association proposed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1216151" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="51 - 52" refId="B138" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1968. A nomenclatural note on the genus Capsicum. Taxon 17: 51 - 52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1216151" title="A nomenclatural note on the genus Capsicum." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1216151" volume="17" year="1968">Eshbaugh (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
typically exhibits 2-3 flowers per node, rarely solitary flowers, geniculate pedicels that are erect or declining at anthesis, 5-merous flowers with white rotate or rotate-stellate corollas with greenish-yellow spots, dimorphic styles and small, globose, subglobose or ellipsoid, erect, deciduous, red fruits (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum A plant B flower bud C purple flower bud D, E, F flowers at anthesis, different views G young fruiting branch showing ovary with long and short styles H immature fruits I mature fruit A, C from Barboza 4913 B, D-F, H from Barboza 5038 G from Barboza 2431 bis, I from Barboza et al. 3419. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The domesticated genetic lines mainly differ in having larger, 5-8-merous flowers, an ovary with 2-5 locules, quite diverse fruits that vary in size, colour (green, yellow, brown, orange, red) and shape (pendent, usually elongate or of different forms) and larger seeds.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Fruiting specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are very similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rabenii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and it is sometimes impossible to distinguish the two, especially if there are no annotations about the corolla colour (in
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rabenii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, corolla lobe margins are purple). However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
usually has glabrescent to moderately pubescent leaves in contrast to the densely lanose pubescence found abaxially along the main veins in
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rabenii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 106" captionStartId="F106" captionText="Figure 106. Capsicum rabenii A plant B leaf, abaxial surface showing pubescence on the veins C reproductive nodes D bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, lateral view F rotate corolla G stellate corolla H flower showing the exserted style I immature fruits J globose mature fruits K ellipsoid mature fruit and fruiting calyx A-I, K from Barboza & Deanna 5003 J from Barboza et al. 1646. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">106B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chacoense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with which it is sympatric in some localities of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, by usually having five calyx appendages, a larger and rotate or rotate-stellate corolla with greenish-yellow pigmentation within, staminal plaques with auricles fused to the corolla and long and short styles. In contrast,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chacoense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a calyx with 5-10 unequal appendages, entirely white and smaller corollas (4-6 mm long), staminal plaques with auricles not fused to the corolla and homomorphic styles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Capsicum chacoense A plant B flower bud C flower, in pre-anthesis D flower, in front view E immature fruit F mature fruit A-F from Barboza et al. 4910. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Fruiting specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sometimes are difficult to distinguish from
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chacoense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The fruiting pedicels of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are usually 2-3 per node and the fruiting calyces have five subequal appendages, without any evidence of a mucro below the calyx margin, which differs from the solitary fruiting pedicels and 5-10 unequal calyx appendages in
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chacoense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Some earlier botanists submerged the epithet
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
under
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuntze, CEO" journalOrPublisher="Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau & Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B250" refString="Kuntze, CEO, 1891. Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau & Co., London" title="Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2." year="1891">Kuntze 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) or
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. frutescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="frutescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. frutescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2992137" author="Irish, HC" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 110" refId="B215" refString="Irish, HC, 1898. Revision of the genus Capsicum with special reference to garden varieties. Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden 9: 53 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2992137" title="Revision of the genus Capsicum with special reference to garden varieties." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2992137" volume="9" year="1898">Irish 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to name specimens belonging to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">C. annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or wild forms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, an interpretation followed by other researchers (Smith and Heiser 1957; Emboden 1961;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19660720207" author="Terpo, A" journalOrPublisher="Feddes Repertorium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 191" refId="B465" refString="Terpo, A, 1966. Kritische Revision der wildwachsenden Arten und der kultivierten Sorten der Gattung Capsicum L. Feddes Repertorium 72 (2-3): 155 - 191, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19660720207" title="Kritische Revision der wildwachsenden Arten und der kultivierten Sorten der Gattung Capsicum L." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19660720207" volume="72" year="1966">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Terpó">Terpo</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1966
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Although the pungency of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is regarded as low-mild (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Libreros, D" journalOrPublisher="Bioversity International, Cali" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B262" refString="Libreros, D, van Zonneveld, M, Petz, M, Meckelmann, SW, Bejarano, C, Avila, T, Reyes, X, Mayan, C, Amaya, K, Ramirez, M, 2014. Catalogo de ajies nativos (Capsicum spp.) bolivianos promisorios. Bioversity International, Cali" title="Catalogo de ajies nativos (Capsicum spp.) bolivianos promisorios." year="2014">Libreros et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Tanaka, Y" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture Okayama University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 32" refId="B463" refString="Tanaka, Y, Hara, M, Goto, T, Yoshida, Y, Yasuba, K, 2017. Variations in capsaicinoid contents in the chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum) and is non-pungent accessions. Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture Okayama University 106: 27 - 32" title="Variations in capsaicinoid contents in the chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum) and is non-pungent accessions." volume="106" year="2017">Tanaka et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), some accessions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Bolivia have been reported as non-pungent (e.g. Chuquisaca:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Manchego CBNP 04, 05 & 06</emphasis>
|
||||
; Santa Cruz:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Manchego CBNP 01, 02 & 03</emphasis>
|
||||
; also see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9017-4" author="Tewksbury, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="547 - 564" refId="B468" refString="Tewksbury, JJ, Manchego, C, Haak, DC, Levey, DJ, 2006. Where did the chili get its spice? Biogeography of capsaicinoid production in ancestral wild chili species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32 (3): 547 - 564, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9017-4" title="Where did the chili get its spice? Biogeography of capsaicinoid production in ancestral wild chili species." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9017-4" volume="32" year="2006">Tewksbury et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cavanilles, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Imprenta Real, Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B83" refString="Cavanilles, AJ, 1802. Descripcion de las Plantas. Imprenta Real, Madrid" title="Descripcion de las Plantas." year="1802">Cavanilles (1802)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on material cultivated at the Real
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botánico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de Madrid from seeds sent from Cuba. We found two Cavanilles specimens at MA gathered in the Real
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botánico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de Madrid in 1802: MA-307276, separated as type material in the
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cavanillesii Typi</emphasis>
|
||||
collection (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Garilleti, R" journalOrPublisher="Fonlqueria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="6 - 248" refId="B167" refString="Garilleti, R, 1993. Herbarium Cavanillesianum seu enumeratio plantarum exsiccatarum aliquo modo ad novitates cavanillesianas pertinentium, qua in Horti Regii Matritensis atque Londinensis Societatis Linnaeanae herbariis asservantur. Fonlqueria 38: 6 - 248" title="Herbarium Cavanillesianum seu enumeratio plantarum exsiccatarum aliquo modo ad novitates cavanillesianas pertinentium, qua in Horti Regii Matritensis atque Londinensis Societatis Linnaeanae herbariis asservantur." volume="38" year="1993">Garilleti 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.ma307276?loggedin=true) and MA-307278, which is filed in the general collection. Both specimens are labelled as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum microcarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. According to Garilleti (pers. comm.), the original writing on the sheet label MA-307278 (the left label) is not from Cavanilles, but from Demetrio
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
; since this plant was grown in the Real
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botánico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
could have collected it later and Cavanilles might not have seen it. Therefore, the only unequivocal original material is that with the label in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cavanilles’">Cavanilles'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
handwriting (MA-307276), which is here selected as the lectotype; this sheet consists of three branches with flowers and fruit.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Willdenow, CL" journalOrPublisher="Taberna Libraria Scholae Realis, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B497" refString="Willdenow, CL, 1809. Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis. Taberna Libraria Scholae Realis, Berlin" title="Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis." year="1809">Willdenow (1809)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ciliare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliare">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ciliare</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on a specimen of unknown origin cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Berlin. At B, there is one sheet in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Willdenow’s">Willdenow's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Herbarium with the script "
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ciliare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliare">C. ciliare</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Hort. Bot. Berol. W."; this sheet is selected as the lectotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" form="fruticosum" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="form" species="microcarpum" subSpecies="forma">C. microcarpum forma fruticosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on two collections, one from Corego de Jaragua,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Paulo ("leg. Pohl") and the other from "prov. Sebastianopolitana, ad Lagoa de Freitas" [Rio de Janeiro], but he cited no herbaria. We have found only the specimen collected by Pohl (M-0171544), which is selected as the lectotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
For
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" form="herbaceum" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="form" species="microcarpum" subSpecies="forma">C. microcarpum forma herbaceum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
mentioned the specimen "Mart. Mss. in Itinerario n. 132", but cited no herbaria. We found a collection at M (M-0171543) with a handwritten description that is in agreement with
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sendtner’s">Sendtner's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
diagnosis and has the number 132. Therefore, this sheet is designated the lectotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
When
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuntze, CEO" journalOrPublisher="Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau & Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B250" refString="Kuntze, CEO, 1891. Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau & Co., London" title="Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2." year="1891">Kuntze (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
proposed the combination
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. annuum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Kuntze, he was referring to specimens that actually correspond to the spontaneous forms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(cfr.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
, NY barcode 01008231), but he incorrectly used the epithet
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. which corresponds to a different species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
When
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19660720207" author="Terpo, A" journalOrPublisher="Feddes Repertorium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 191" refId="B465" refString="Terpo, A, 1966. Kritische Revision der wildwachsenden Arten und der kultivierten Sorten der Gattung Capsicum L. Feddes Repertorium 72 (2-3): 155 - 191, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19660720207" title="Kritische Revision der wildwachsenden Arten und der kultivierten Sorten der Gattung Capsicum L." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19660720207" volume="72" year="1966">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Terpó">Terpo</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1966)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
proposed the combination
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="annuum" subSpecies="baccatum">C. annuum subsp. baccatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L., he clearly stated "Mexikanischer Wildpaprika" which actually belongs to the spontaneous forms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
116
data/B5/BB/D6/B5BBD68CDCAA109F812B094328FF7FF9.xml
Normal file
116
data/B5/BB/D6/B5BBD68CDCAA109F812B094328FF7FF9.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="17606D064293A8B70079B5C0419F44E5">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BD2870DBA2B46D7CE49D9A83758EA5F8">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1336EF34D53892911868B22AEBBA9BFA">2005</mods:dateIssued>
|
||||
<mods:publisher id="AA183E7FDB328644A4598D70B7753744">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
|
||||
<mods:place id="35A299984E2B6EA9E50A303165C8A772">
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<mods:placeTerm id="D7CBA4F3B52AE58585DB963CFE937180">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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|
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|
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<mods:title id="7E83502C97CBEC4E7A9F2EF301E90F18">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
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<mods:classification id="4D643792B5FC8BC2B18744992D80E80F">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="606F76962ED3CB15E5E411C8FC552672" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="B5BBD68CDCAA109F812B094328FF7FF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11333795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11333795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BBD68CDCAA109F812B094328FF7FF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BBD68CDCAA109F812B094328FF7FF9" lastPageNumber="88" pageNumber="88" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11400053">
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<subSubSection id="16253A5E3EF141EA62FB693DCDBDBBFD" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="910E67B1CD466075E7B3DDA46EB70764" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="448C10D4FDCEC6A26BD5A45ECB8A0887" ID-CoL="5KNND" authority="Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="ruficeps">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64204695D7A4D2683F10EF3788327372" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD3567BD4BE57DE3A7F419E40945DFDF" italics="true" pageNumber="88">ruficeps</emphasis>
|
||||
Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2EE699E16F226C0212776865CEB6D7E8" pageNumber="88" type="synonym_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F40A645871B5E6E38CC254040B0A7D03" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="59A840CB272EC42C72BACDCC0BAF27B7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="88">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F01C61E0D8FE359ABB64989B69DCDA3E" authority="Kollman 1912" authorityName="Kollman" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="bounhioli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CC1717BB6E09C987F7EE32700E7ECF3" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA986407454E334AD95791DDCD28FC71" italics="true" pageNumber="88">bounhioli</emphasis>
|
||||
Kollman 1912
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32D195D7B582C3AF6F32233B831BFE30" authority="Thomas and Hinton 1921" authorityName="Thomas and Hinton" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="buchanani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DA76523D428A602BA3AC8A499387222" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE2714468CB473C0123B26CFA98F709A" italics="true" pageNumber="88">buchanani</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomas and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EBD79D81DE57DD10605CD7E314384BA4" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref153898" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1921. Some new African mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 7: 368 - 373." year="1921">Hinton 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E49782DA30BC73535802873145751BA" authority="(Gray 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="burtonii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB09CFF36E3B8567BFE3FADB0E913CF0" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="30973E2C2824B0C71EF42C34C10A647D" italics="true" pageNumber="88">burtonii</emphasis>
|
||||
(Gray 1868)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A39E4CF92D692DD5101177636815A30F" authority="(Blanford 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="dongolanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E8180A3299F4CAF9DCE8386BECF540DD" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="25BBE7DBA1854A3F7D339461A13B665C" italics="true" pageNumber="88">dongolanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Blanford 1870)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="53EC91011360851D3719A11228B1BD20" authority="Wettstein 1916" authorityName="Wettstein" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="ebneri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="10594078198FCCC1964A05B429E4ACFF" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A47AAC906CAC1E4D55EA80F00EB19C0D" italics="true" pageNumber="88">ebneri</emphasis>
|
||||
Wettstein 1916
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C392605B779F83F9BD03301AD263C5B6" authority="Thomas 1892" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="latastei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4AF782AD313093D7A6C97C7F163DD0B9" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="E154D39C9585D7F361FFC222A365F91E" italics="true" pageNumber="88">latastei</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomas 1892
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D766BA1865F57F113727D85479D264E" authority="Thomas and Hinton 1923" authorityName="Thomas and Hinton" authorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="marrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="325464688FB337A5672B9FDDC05BB342" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD4E25A67768951FD823BAEE0D57FDD9" italics="true" pageNumber="88">marrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomas and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3A35967A32FD3AA288B4F97F06A2E368" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref153971" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1923. On the voles collected by Mr. G. Forrest in Yunnan; with remarks upon the genera Eothenomys and Neodon and upon their allies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 11: 145 - 162." year="1923">Hinton 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BDEB6CA7CA09E826E4AA6A720C6F1A1" authority="Sassi 1906" authorityName="Sassi" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Procavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="slatini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82CAA1010B0C95322AB0BD4C82EC6DE2" italics="true" pageNumber="88">Procavia capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="2EAFAE2FAD8453E7ABC8EA9866A0ECBD" italics="true" pageNumber="88">slatini</emphasis>
|
||||
Sassi 1906
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
296
data/B5/BB/E2/B5BBE2094C6655BE80BEFCC978EE45B4.xml
Normal file
296
data/B5/BB/E2/B5BBE2094C6655BE80BEFCC978EE45B4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Looks are deceiving: a cladistic analysis, three new species, and a new diagnosis of Paravima Caporiacco, 1951 (Opiliones: Agoristenidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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|
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<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Garcia, Andres F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sao Cristovao, 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Villarreal, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-3723</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sao Cristovao, 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
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|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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|
||||
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|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="description">
|
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|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">, 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Map showing the geographic distribution of Paravima in Northern South America. The background colored shapes refer to the biogeographic provinces of Morrone et al. (2022)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840450" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">, 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Living specimens and habitats of some Paravima spp. A, B P. quirozi from Yaracuy, Venezuela; C, D P. goodnightorum, from Cerro El Volcan, Miranda, Venezuela (MIZA 0105871); E, F P. goodnightorum, from La Guaira, Venezuela; G P. magistri sp. nov., from San Antonio del Tequendama, Cundinamarca, Colombia; H La Guaquira, Yaracuy, habitat of P. quirozi; I Henri Pittier National Park, Aragua, Venezuela, habitat of P. totoro sp. nov.; J, K Los Tunos Natural Reserve, Cundinamarca, Colombia, habitat of P. magistri sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840451" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">, 19G</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
Mesotergal area III with large paramedian spines (the remaining species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1951" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, except
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. morritomacairensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="morritomacairensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. morritomacairensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, without ornamentation or with conical, mammilliform or domed tubercles). Can be distinguished from that species by the coloration of mesotergal areas I-IV darker than the rest of the DS (concolorous in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. morritomacairensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" rank="species" species="morritomacairensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">P. morritomacairensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
(ICN-Ao-1671.1). Measurements: CL: 0.8, AL: 1.6, CW: 1.6, AW: 2.1, BaCh: 0.3, IOD: 0.5; Pedipalp: Tr: 0.4, Fe: 0.5, Pa: 0.5, Ti: 0.5, Ta: 0.5, Claw: 0.4; Leg I (Tr: 0.3, Fe: 3.8, Pa: 0.6, Ti: 2.5, Mt: 4.7, Ta: 1.5); Leg II (Tr: 0.4, Fe: 8.7, Pa: 0.9, Ti: 7.0, Mt: 8.7, Ta: 3.3); Leg III (Tr: 0.5, Fe: 6.8, Pa: 1.0, Ti: 3.6, Mt: 7.4, Ta: 1.7); Leg IV (Tr: 0.7, Fe: 9.7, Pa: 1.1, Ti: 5.0, Mt: 10.8, Ta: 2.6). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||||
: Anterior and lateral margins of DS smooth. Ocularium smooth (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mesotergum delimited, darker than the rest of the DS, divided into four areas, with some granules. Area I divided into two halves, each one with a pair of tubercles; area II-IV undivided; II with a pair of medium-sized tubercles close to the medial axis of the body (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); III with a pair of high paramedian spines (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); IV with four small tubercles. Posterior border of scutum substraight, with a row of tubercles. Free tergites I-II and anal operculum with a few tubercles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Venter</emphasis>
|
||||
: Coxae I-IV with some granules (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Coxa I with a longitudinal row of tubercles at the medial region, being the third larger than the others, three large tubercles reaching the anterodistal region, and one small tubercle close to the posterodistal margin (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); coxa II longer than coxa I; coxa III longer than I and II; coxa IV backward projected (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Sternites and anal operculum with a few small tubercles. Stigmatic area smooth. Stigmata large, oval and transverse (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Chelicerae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Segment I rectangular, with well-marked bulla (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), two small ectal subdistal tubercles, and two separated tubercles on the proximal border (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Chelicera not swollen, monomorphic (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Hand with some sparse setiferous tubercles of different sizes on the frontomesal region, a group of setae on the mesal face of the fixed finger, and some setiferous tubercles close to the base of the fixed finger (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Fixed finger with the inner surface irregularly dentated. Movable finger with one trapezoid, sub-basal tooth and with the inner surface dentate (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Pedipalps</emphasis>
|
||||
: Longer than DS length, smooth. Tr ventrally with two subapical tubercles. Fe with a ventromesal row of six setiferous tubercles (the second and the third larger than the others), and one large ventroectal setiferous tubercle in the distal portion (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pa with one large mesal setiferous tubercle. Ti ectal II, mesal iII. Ta ectal IIi, mesal IIii (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Legs I-IV smooth. Leg I filiform, the rest, getting steadily thicker from leg II to IV. Fe IV four times DS length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tarsal counts: 7(3)-8(3)/18(3)-18(3)/7-7/7-7. -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Penis</emphasis>
|
||||
: LP short and depressed, half-moon shaped, with anterolateral blunt corners apically pointed (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8F-H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Malleus carrying the branched MS-A-B (two pairs of MS-A and one pair of MS-B in a diagonal alignment) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). MS-D1-2 short, located in an oblique line on a keel between the LP and the base of the stylus (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). MS-E2 medium-sized and branched (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Stylus straight, surpassing the lamina parva, tip truncate (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paravima magistri sp. nov. (ICN-Ao- 1671.1) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D chelicera, anterior view; E Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis: F Dorsal view; G ventral view; H lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Color</emphasis>
|
||||
(in ethanol): Carapace reticulated dark brown (59) on light orange yellow (70). Mesotergum dark brown (59). Pedipalps and chelicerae deep yellowish brown (75). Posterior border and free tergites Dark Olive (108). Legs I-IV dark yellowish brown (78).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840439" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima magistri" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magistri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima magistri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
(ICN-Ao-1671.1) male holotype. Habitus:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Panoramic view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">B</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">C</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">D</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">E</emphasis>
|
||||
anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840440" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima magistri" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magistri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Paravima magistri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
(ICN-Ao-1671.1) male holotype.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Habitus, dorsal view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">B</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">C</emphasis>
|
||||
left coxa I, ventral view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">D</emphasis>
|
||||
chelicera, anterior view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Pedipalp, mesal view. Apical part of the penis:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">F</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">G</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">H</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm; F-H = 0.05 mm. Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
The coloration in vivo (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Living specimens and habitats of some Paravima spp. A, B P. quirozi from Yaracuy, Venezuela; C, D P. goodnightorum, from Cerro El Volcan, Miranda, Venezuela (MIZA 0105871); E, F P. goodnightorum, from La Guaira, Venezuela; G P. magistri sp. nov., from San Antonio del Tequendama, Cundinamarca, Colombia; H La Guaquira, Yaracuy, habitat of P. quirozi; I Henri Pittier National Park, Aragua, Venezuela, habitat of P. totoro sp. nov.; J, K Los Tunos Natural Reserve, Cundinamarca, Colombia, habitat of P. magistri sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840451" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">19G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is quite different, with carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps, coxae and trochanters strong reddish brown (40); laterals of DS vivid orange yellow (66); mesotergum and medial region of free tergites brownish black (65); free tergites vivid yellow green (115); and the rest of the legs brownish black (65). -
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Female</emphasis>
|
||||
: Chelicerae of the same size as male (monomorphic). Femora slightly thinner than in male.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
The species name honors professor Eduardo
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Flórez">Florez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, curator of the ICN Arachnological collection. Professor, in Latin magister, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="García & Villarreal" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agoristenidae" genus="Paravima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paravima magistri" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magistri">Paravima magistri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in genitive case), in recognition of his excellent work in the teaching and development of arachnology in Colombia and his interest in the divulgation of scientific knowledge about the arthropods in the country.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
Known just from the type locality, RN Los Tunos, Cundinamarca department, in the Magdalena biogeographic province (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Map showing the geographic distribution of Paravima in Northern South America. The background colored shapes refer to the biogeographic provinces of Morrone et al. (2022)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85571.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/840450" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">18</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="409">Type material</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-05-28" collectorName="D. Martinez" country="COLOMBIA" elevation="2300" location="Reserva Natural Los Tunos" municipality="San Antonio del Tequendama" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>San Antonio del Tequendama</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BBE2094C6655BE80BEFCC978EE45B4:ED73D71C9FBB72BACDFCA5398176497C" country="COLOMBIA" municipality="San Antonio del Tequendama" name="Reserva Natural Los Tunos" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Reserva Natural Los Tunos</location>
|
||||
, colecta manual diurna | [4.56071° -74.31366°] |
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
|,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2012-05-28">28.v.2012</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
D.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
leg. (ICN-Ao-1671.1)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. -
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="D. Martinez" country="Colombia" elevation="2300" location="Reserva Natural Los Tunos" municipality="San Antonio del Tequendama" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
, same data as holotype, (ICN-Ao-1671)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="D. Martinez" country="Colombia" elevation="2300" location="Reserva Natural Los Tunos" municipality="San Antonio del Tequendama" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
, same data as holotype, (ICN-Ao-1980)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-07-28" collectingDateMax="2021-07-29" collectingDateMin="2021-07-28" collectorName="S. Galvis, A. F. Garcia" country="Colombia" elevation="2300" location="Reserva Natural Los Tunos" municipality="San Antonio del Tequendama" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
, same data as preceding,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2021-07-28" valueMax="2021-07-29" valueMin="2021-07-28">28-29.vii.2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>S. Galvis</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
A.F.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
leg. (MNRJ 1179)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="S. Galvis & A. F. Garcia" country="Colombia" elevation="2300" location="Reserva Natural Los Tunos" municipality="San Antonio del Tequendama" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
, same data as previous, (MUSENUV-Ar 2112)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
444
data/B5/BB/E8/B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31.xml
Normal file
444
data/B5/BB/E8/B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto & Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus pirazzolii" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668168933079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>939</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>87</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>165</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500618" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="B5BBE85B-3B1F-56AD-9F0B-995DDC6DDC31" authority="(Stierlin, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">Mecinus pirazzolii (Stierlin, 1867)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
20 L3 larvae and 10 pupae, Serbia, Veliko
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gradište">Gradiste</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 14.07.2017,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="45.039" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.75065">44°45.039'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="31.426" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.523767">21°31.426'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 86 m.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago arenaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">Plantago arenaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, lgt. I.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Accession numbers of sequenced specimens MN992011 (larva), MN992012 (pupa).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
(Figures
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7A-D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8A-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||||
(in mm). Body length: 1.40-2.00. Body width (metathorax): 0.73-1.00. Head width: 0.36-0.40.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
|
||||
(Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7A-D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) white, slender, curved. Chaetotaxy of thoracic segments relatively well developed, setae capilliform, different in length, light yellow; on abdominal segments almost invisible (except dorsal parts of abdominal segments IX and X). Prothorax (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with eight
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
|
||||
of unequal length (seven relatively long and one medium), two relatively long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
|
||||
and one short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
|
||||
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with one medium
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
|
||||
, two long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
|
||||
, equal in length, one long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
||||
, three
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
|
||||
different in length (two relatively long, one short), one long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
|
||||
, one long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
|
||||
and one short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
|
||||
Pedal area with five long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
|
||||
, equal in length. Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with one very short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
|
||||
, three short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
|
||||
(on segment VIII medium, equal in length), arranged along posterior margin, two minute
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
|
||||
, one short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
|
||||
, one short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
|
||||
, one short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
|
||||
and two short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
|
||||
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with three medium
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
||||
, all located close to posterior margin, one short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
|
||||
and two short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
|
||||
Each of anal lobes with one minute seta.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pirazzolii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
||||
- alar,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
||||
- dorsal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
|
||||
- epipleural,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
|
||||
- eusternal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
|
||||
- laterosternal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
|
||||
- pedal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
|
||||
- postdorsal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
|
||||
- pronotal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
|
||||
- prodorsal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
|
||||
- pleural,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
|
||||
- spiracular,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
|
||||
- sternal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
|
||||
- terminal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||||
(Figures
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8A-C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) light white, almost rounded.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1,3,5</emphasis>
|
||||
long;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des2</emphasis>
|
||||
two times shorter than
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
|
||||
three times shorter than
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs4,5</emphasis>
|
||||
equal in length, almost as long as
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
|
||||
medium,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
|
||||
long; one very short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
|
||||
, and one
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
|
||||
(Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Antennae (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with conical, elongated sensorium (Se), four times as long as wide, and three sensilla basiconica. Clypeus (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly concave;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
|
||||
short;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
|
||||
situated close to
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
|
||||
. Labrum (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) narrow, trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly sinuate;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
|
||||
long,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
|
||||
medium
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
|
||||
short. Epipharynx (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with three finger-like
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
|
||||
of almost equal length; two medium finger-like
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
|
||||
; two short finger-like
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
|
||||
; surface smooth; labral rods very short, rounded. Mandibles (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) conical, rather wide, with a small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; both
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
|
||||
capilliform, medium, equal in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with one
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
|
||||
and two
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
|
||||
of equal length;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
|
||||
short; mala with six long rod-like
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
|
||||
of almost equal size, five
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
|
||||
different in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere distinctly wider and longer than distal. Prelabium (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) cup-like with one long
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
|
||||
; ligula with two short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
|
||||
; premental sclerite clearly visible, cup-shaped, posterior extension with acute apex. Postlabium (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with medium
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
|
||||
, medium
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
|
||||
, and short
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pirazzolii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
mature larva, head and mouth parts
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||||
head, frontal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||||
antenna
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||||
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||||
epipharynx
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
|
||||
left mandible
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
|
||||
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
|
||||
- antenna,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
|
||||
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
|
||||
- anterolateral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
|
||||
- anteromedial,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
|
||||
- clypeal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
|
||||
- dorsal malar,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
|
||||
- frontal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
|
||||
- ligular,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
|
||||
- labral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
|
||||
- lateral epicranial,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
|
||||
- malar basiventral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
|
||||
- mandibular,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
|
||||
- median,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
|
||||
- maxillary palp,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
|
||||
- postepicranial,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
|
||||
- ventral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
|
||||
- palpiferal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
|
||||
- postlabial,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
|
||||
- prelabial,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
|
||||
- stipal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
|
||||
- ventral malar.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
(Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||||
(in mm). Head width: 0.33-0.40. Body width: 0.93-1.16. Body length: 1.63-2.10.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
|
||||
stout, slightly curved, white. Rostrum slender, very short, tapering to its top. Antennae moderately elongated. Pronotum 2.0 times as wide as long. Urogomorpi (ur) very short, conical, not reaching outline of the body (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||||
almost invisible, all setae minute, possible to observation only under higher magnification. Head with one
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
|
||||
. Rostrum with one
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
|
||||
placed medially (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pronotum with two
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
||||
, one
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
|
||||
, one
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
||||
and three
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae placed laterally. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with three setae situated posterolaterally and one seta laterally. Abdominal segment IX without setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pirazzolii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
||||
- apical,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
|
||||
- dorsal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
||||
- discal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
|
||||
- femoral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
|
||||
- lateral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
|
||||
- orbital,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
|
||||
- posterolateral,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
|
||||
- rostral.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
This species is associated with the annual plant
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago arenaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago arenaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Waldst. & Kit. The adult aggregation on plants is followed by the appearance of flowering stems with spikes in late spring. The females lay one egg onto the base of the pistil or the initialised seed. The act of oviposition is followed by proliferative growth of the ovarian tissue in the form of gall but without changes in the external morphology of the pyxidium. During development, the larvae consume all the tissue inside the pyxidium, leaving only the fruit shell intact. The larvae pupate inside the fruit shell, from which adults emerge after being completely sclerotised. Overwintering takes place in the soil litter near the host plant (I.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, pers. obs.). Sympatric occurrence with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. ictericus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ictericus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. ictericus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is common (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B8" refString="Caldara, R, Fogato, V, 2013. Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species. Zootaxa 3654: 1 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" title="Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" volume="3654" year="2013">Caldara and Fogato 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
This species is distributed in eastern Central Europe, southeastern Europe and Turkey. In our keys, this species is closer to the species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pascuorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. pascuorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group than to others, as already discussed in the Remarks for the group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
167
data/B5/BB/EB/B5BBEB4FE6105949A8183248EC357A2B.xml
Normal file
167
data/B5/BB/EB/B5BBEB4FE6105949A8183248EC357A2B.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>A key to species of subgenus Lithochlaenius (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Chlaeniini, Chlaenius), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Valim, Ye</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & Key Laboratory for Plant Pests Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou, University, Guiyang 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Kavanaugh, David H.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dkavanaugh@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2011-09-09</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>15</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>52</mods:end>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.128.1804</mods:url>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-128-15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">837E761ADDC84351B1080F9B9CDC7ED1</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6157FFBE34536B410C79CB5C11170069</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577176</mods:identifier>
|
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236332" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE7D65D7-2C84-497B-AA28-F62D7DACD5E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BBEB4FE6105949A8183248EC357A2B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE7D65D7-2C84-497B-AA28-F62D7DACD5E7" authority="Liu & Liang" authorityName="Liu & Liang" authorityYear="2011" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) linwensini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linwensini" status="sp. n." subGenus="Lithochlaenius">Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) linwensini Liu & Liang</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="20">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–21" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 16 - 21. Habitus of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp 16 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype, male, dorsal view 17 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype, male, ventral view 18 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype, male, dorsal view 19 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype, male, ventral view 20 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype, male, dorsal view 21 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype, male, ventral view. Scale line = 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17279" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Figs 18-19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 52 - 65. Antennomere 1 of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 52 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 53 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 54 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 55 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 56 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 57 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 58 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 59 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 60 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 61 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, IZCAS 62 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 63 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 64 Chlaenius nuristanus a. rubridipes Jedlicka, paratype 65 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17285" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">53</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 66–79" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66 - 79. Humeral region of elytra of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp 66 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 67 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 68 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 69 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 70 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 71 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 72 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 73 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 74 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 75 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, ZCAS 76 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 77 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 78 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 79 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17286" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">67</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 94–116" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 94 - 116. Abdominal sternum VII (ventral aspect) of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 94 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., male, holotype 95 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., female, paratype 96 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., male, holotype 97 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., female, paratype 98 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., male, holotype 99 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., female, paratype 100 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, male, holotype 101 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, male 102 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, female 103 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, male 104 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, female 105 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, male 106 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, female 107 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, male 108 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, female 109 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, male 110 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, female 111 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik, from Ussuri region, male 112 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, female 113 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, male, paratype 114 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, male, paratype 115 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, female, paratype 116 Chlaenius formosanus Jedlicka from Taiwan, male. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17288" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">81</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 94–116" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 94 - 116. Abdominal sternum VII (ventral aspect) of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 94 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., male, holotype 95 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., female, paratype 96 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., male, holotype 97 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., female, paratype 98 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., male, holotype 99 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., female, paratype 100 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, male, holotype 101 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, male 102 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, female 103 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, male 104 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, female 105 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, male 106 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, female 107 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, male 108 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, female 109 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, male 110 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, female 111 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik, from Ussuri region, male 112 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, female 113 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, male, paratype 114 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, male, paratype 115 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, female, paratype 116 Chlaenius formosanus Jedlicka from Taiwan, male. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17288" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">96-97</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–130" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 117 - 130. Aedeagi of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 117 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 118 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 119 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 120 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 121 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 122 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 123 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (dorsal view) 124 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (left lateral view) 125 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (dorsal view) 126 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (left lateral view) 127 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (dorsal view) 128 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (left lateral view) 129 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (dorsal view) 130 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (left lateral view). Scale lines: A = 1.0 mm (Figs 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129); B = 0.5 mm (Figs 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17289" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">119-120</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 158" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 158. Map showing the known geographical distributions of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17293" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">158</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="types">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Types.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
Holotype: male (IZCAS), "Fujian, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Guiling, 270-340m""/ ""1960.III.26, Zhang Yiran collector""/ ""Holotype,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Liang" authorityYear="2011" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linwensini" subGenus="Lithochlaenius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) linwensini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="start">Liu</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
& Liang sp. n.""[red label]. Paratypes: Total 6 specimens. 1 male (IZCAS), "Fujian: Jianyang, Huangkeng, Guiling, 270-340m""/ ""1960.III.26, Zhang Yiran collector""; 1 female (IZCAS), "Fujian, Chong"an, Xingcun Sangang, 740m, light trap""/ "1960.VII.15, Zhang Yiran collector""; 1 female (IZCAS), "Fujian: Chong-an, San-gang""/ "1979.VIII.5, Song Shimei collector""; 1 male (SIECAS), "Fujian, Chong"an, Xingcun""/ "1960.VI.27, Jin Lin collector""; 1 male (SIECAS), "Fujian: Chong"an, Xingcun""; 1 male (IZCAS), "Fujian: Dehua, Chenguan, 510-550m""/ ""1960.VI.2, collector Ma Chenling"". Each paratype with an additional yellow label: "Paratype,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Liang" authorityYear="2011" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linwensini" subGenus="Lithochlaenius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) linwensini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Liu & Liang sp. n."".
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Antennomere 1 coniform (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 52 - 65. Antennomere 1 of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 52 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 53 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 54 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 55 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 56 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 57 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 58 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 59 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 60 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 61 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, IZCAS 62 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 63 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 64 Chlaenius nuristanus a. rubridipes Jedlicka, paratype 65 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17285" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||||
); all antennomeres concolorous; basal two-thirds of intervals 1-5 glabrous medially, with irregular setae laterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 80–93" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 80 - 93. Elytral intervals of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp. 80 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 81 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 82 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 83 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 84 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 85 Chlaenius leishanensis, IZCAS 86 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 87 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 88 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 89 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, IZCAS 90 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 91 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 92 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 93 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17287" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||||
); lamella of aedeagus subtruncate at apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–130" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 117 - 130. Aedeagi of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 117 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 118 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 119 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 120 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 121 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 122 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 123 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (dorsal view) 124 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (left lateral view) 125 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (dorsal view) 126 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (left lateral view) 127 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (dorsal view) 128 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (left lateral view) 129 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (dorsal view) 130 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (left lateral view). Scale lines: A = 1.0 mm (Figs 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129); B = 0.5 mm (Figs 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17289" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||||
), thickened and bent ventrally (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–130" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 117 - 130. Aedeagi of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 117 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 118 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 119 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 120 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 121 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 122 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 123 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (dorsal view) 124 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (left lateral view) 125 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (dorsal view) 126 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (left lateral view) 127 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (dorsal view) 128 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (left lateral view) 129 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (dorsal view) 130 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (left lateral view). Scale lines: A = 1.0 mm (Figs 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129); B = 0.5 mm (Figs 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17289" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Total length = 14.50-16.50 mm (mean = 15.71), width = 5.33-5.87 mm (mean = 5.60); HW = 2.40-2.85 mm (mean = 2.71), EYL = 1.00-1.15 mm (mean = 1.05), ratio Ant3/Ant1= 1.37-1.61 (mean = 1.50), PL/PW = 0.82-0.90 (mean = 0.86), EL/EW = 1.67-1.81 (mean = 1.76), EL/ PL = 1.27-1.41 (mean = 1.35).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Head and pronotum black, with green or coppery metallic luster; elytra black; ventral surface black; antennae, palpi, femora, and tibiae brown; mandibles, trochanters, and tarsi dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Head with vertex smooth medially, coarsely punctate and sparsely pubescent behind eye; labrum slightly emarginate at apex; antennomere 1 strongly coniform (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 52 - 65. Antennomere 1 of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 52 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 53 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 54 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 55 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 56 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 57 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 58 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 59 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 60 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 61 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, IZCAS 62 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 63 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 64 Chlaenius nuristanus a. rubridipes Jedlicka, paratype 65 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17285" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pronotum with disk smooth medially, very sparsely punctate and pubescent along the middle line; lateral furrow very sparsely punctate; basal foveae small, deep, coarsely punctate and sparsely pubescent. Elytral intervals convex, basal two-thirds of intervals 1-5 glabrous medially, with irregularly arranged setae laterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 80–93" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 80 - 93. Elytral intervals of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp. 80 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 81 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 82 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 83 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 84 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 85 Chlaenius leishanensis, IZCAS 86 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 87 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 88 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 89 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, IZCAS 90 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 91 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 92 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 93 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17287" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||||
), apical one-third of intervals 1-5 sparsely pubescent medially, intervals 6-9 densely pubescent; striae deep, punctate; humeral angle obtuse (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 66–79" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66 - 79. Humeral region of elytra of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp 66 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype 67 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype 68 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype 69 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype 70 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, CCCC 71 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 72 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, IZCAS 73 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, IZCAS 74 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, IZCAS 75 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, ZCAS 76 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, paratype 77 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 78 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, paratype 79 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Taiwan, CCCC. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17286" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Abdominal sterna IV-VI sparsely pubescent medially, densely pubescent laterally; sternum VII broadly rounded apically in male, narrowly truncate apically in female (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 94–116" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 94 - 116. Abdominal sternum VII (ventral aspect) of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 94 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., male, holotype 95 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., female, paratype 96 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., male, holotype 97 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., female, paratype 98 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., male, holotype 99 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., female, paratype 100 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, male, holotype 101 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, male 102 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, female 103 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, male 104 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer, female 105 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, male 106 Chlaenius noguchii Bates, female 107 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, male 108 Chlaenius wrasei Kirschenhofer, female 109 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, male 110 Chlaenius agiloides Jedlicka, female 111 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik, from Ussuri region, male 112 Chlaenius rambouseki Lutshnik from Ussuri region, female 113 Chlaenius anchomenoides Bates, male, paratype 114 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, male, paratype 115 Chlaenius nuristanus Jedlicka, female, paratype 116 Chlaenius formosanus Jedlicka from Taiwan, male. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17288" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Figs 96-97</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Lamella of aedeagus truncate at apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–130" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 117 - 130. Aedeagi of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 117 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 118 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 119 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 120 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 121 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 122 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 123 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (dorsal view) 124 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (left lateral view) 125 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (dorsal view) 126 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (left lateral view) 127 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (dorsal view) 128 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (left lateral view) 129 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (dorsal view) 130 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (left lateral view). Scale lines: A = 1.0 mm (Figs 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129); B = 0.5 mm (Figs 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17289" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||||
), thick and bent ventrally (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–130" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 117 - 130. Aedeagi of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) species 117 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 118 Chlaenius chuanqianensis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 119 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 120 Chlaenius linwensini sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 121 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (dorsal view) 122 Chlaenius propeagilis sp. n., holotype (left lateral view) 123 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (dorsal view) 124 Chlaenius agilis Chaudoir, holotype (left lateral view) 125 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (dorsal view) 126 Chlaenius formosensis Lorenz, holotype (left lateral view) 127 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (dorsal view) 128 Chlaenius leishanensis Kirschenhofer (left lateral view) 129 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (dorsal view) 130 Chlaenius noguchii Bates (left lateral view). Scale lines: A = 1.0 mm (Figs 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129); B = 0.5 mm (Figs 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17289" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
The Latinized name
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">linwensini</emphasis>
|
||||
refers to Mr. Lin Wensin, an excellent insect collector who died during a recent collecting trip to Hainan, China.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 158" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 158. Map showing the known geographical distributions of Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) spp." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/17293" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 158</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Known only from Fujian Province, China.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Mensural data cited in the description were obtained from the holotype and all paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Male members of this species are similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1998" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Chlaenius formosensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the shape of the lamella of aedeagus, but males and females differ from those of the latter in having antennomere 1 coniform (cylindrical in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1998" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Chlaenius formosensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), elytral intervals 6-7 pubescent throughout (glabrous medially in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1998" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Chlaenius formosensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and males have the aedeagus convex ventrally in the middle portion (straight in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1998" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Chlaenius formosensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
males)
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="22" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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