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<treatment id="B5B23BC4B771EDC0D03D4A42DBBB62A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100128111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5B23BC4B771EDC0D03D4A42DBBB62A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5B23BC4B771EDC0D03D4A42DBBB62A9" lastPageNumber="753" pageNumber="752">
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<paragraph id="6F13884A105E16DC765B3BD9187C2EAC" pageNumber="752">
1.
<taxonomicName id="F222A07FB12B973FE121F2FE37DA2368" ID-CoL="4488W" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus)" lsidName-HNS="Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharaonis">M. Pharaonis</taxonomicName>
Linne.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4E26801C0B44C69635A3D0A370D4A313" type="description">
<paragraph id="5473E4495675E6D7E7B31AB92063E6C5" pageNumber="752">
Diese Ameisenart ist jedenfalls die bedauernswuerdigste ihres Gleichen, denn nicht nur, dass sie durch Pflanzen oder Waaren in die ganze Welt zerstreut wurde, haben, sie auch die Naturforscher von einer Gattung zur andern geworfen, und ihr auch die verschiedensten Artnamen beigelegt. Ich glaube, dass nun ein Ruhepunct fuer dieselbe eingetreten ist, denn Herr Dr. Roger ist in Beziehung des Artnamens gluecklich bis zu Linne zurueckgegangen, indem er
<taxonomicName id="968993B571D83DDA4D3A25E35647099A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140521" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica pharaonis Linnaeus" lsidName-HNS="Formica pharaonis Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharaonis">Formica Pharaonis</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="950512A77704EBA55D6232BF68FE9996" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140516" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica antiguensis Fabricius" lsidName-HNS="Formica antiguensis Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiguensis">F. antiguensis</taxonomicName>
F.,
<taxonomicName id="5848DBE169A66616AA4A22D155D4CDD9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica Latreille" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="45733DDE5FDCF7716440B3BFCC214135" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140518" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica domestica Shuckard" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica domestica Shuckard" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">domestica</taxonomicName>
Shuck, und
<taxonomicName id="4025B334C5E46C9D4D6B67F7300DB2D3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:188163" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica molesta Say" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica (Diplorhoptrum) molesta Say" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molesta" subGenus="Diplorhoptum">M. (Diplorhoptum) molesta</taxonomicName>
Smith (nicht Say) als synonym erklaerte. In generischer Beziehung trug derselbe bereits die Namen
<taxonomicName id="FC6061C3303512683E252AA014377255" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica Linnaeus" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D191F9A01CF7CACEAAF407C7AB426081" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica Latreille" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9FBA6CCA45DF4347DD2991D7F240AD6E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146912" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Diplorhoptrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplorhoptrum Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Diplorhoptrum Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diplorhoptrum</taxonomicName>
und
<taxonomicName id="97C7389F636E9514CF21CD4C950BBD39" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
. Smith stellte sie zu Diplorhoptum, o bschon er selbst in der Characteristik seiner sechsten Subdivision der Gattung
<taxonomicName id="F7FC3A18829DD893DD2BBBB6CD75DC35" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica Latreille" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0D9245C64DDD7498BC13DEF6BE69ABA8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146912" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Diplorhoptrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplorhoptrum Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Diplorhoptrum Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diplorhoptrum</taxonomicName>
) angibt, dass die [[ worker ]] und [[ queen ]] zehngliedrige Fuehler (obschon auch gefehlt, denn das [[ queen ]] dieser Gattung hat eilfgliedrige Fuehler) und eine zweigliedrige Keule haben, waehrend unsere Art zwoelfgliedrige Fuehler und eine dreigliedrige Keule hat. Dass Smith wirklich dieselbe Art vor sich hatte, erhellt daraus, dass er mir schon vor der Herausgabe seines Catalogue Exemplare sandte, welche wirklich zu dieser Art gehoeren. Herr Dr. Roger stellte sie in seinen „ Beitraegen zur Kenntniss der Ameisen der Mittelmeerlaender &quot; zur Gattung
<taxonomicName id="0C70FC96EA8E32C866514DC10BE77009" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
, ohne Gruende anzufuehren, ueberdiess legt er derselben eilfgliedrige Fuehler bei, obschon er die echte Art hatte, wie ein Exemplar beweist, welches ich von ihm erhalten habe. Im heurigen Jahre stellte er sie in der Berliner entomologischen Zeitschrift zur Gattung
<taxonomicName id="8E0C96564BC561F7F0D6326DB0E7A9BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica Latreille" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
. - Ich erlaube mir nur, die Bitte an die oben genannten Herren Myrmecologen zu stellen, einen [[ worker ]], ein [[ queen ]] oder ein [[ male ]] dieser Art nach den analytischen Tabellen in meinen Europ. Formic, zu bestimmen und jedermann wird mit der groessten Leichtigkeit zur Gattung
<taxonomicName id="C8709B021B8B8F8C7889CCFB5423A168" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Monomorium Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monomorium</taxonomicName>
gelangen, mit welcher diese Art in jeder Beziehung uebereinstimmt; zur weiteren Ueberzeugung kann man noch den Gattungscharacter von
<taxonomicName id="CE60C3CF9B70A0ED995D51669CBED0A4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Monomorium Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monomorium</taxonomicName>
pag. 71 lesen und wird dann nicht mehr den geringsten Zweifel haben. Die Beschreihung des [[ queen ]] und [[ male ]] werde ich im Novarawerke folgen lassen.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFC380FC64F7F0D393D346CDBA61E647" pageNumber="753">
<pageStartToken id="64F7A3818DC0DBBFD760EBD2538FE854" pageNumber="753">Mir</pageStartToken>
liegt diese Art vor aus Paris, London, Hamburg, Kasan, Manilla (in meiner Sammlung), Sidney, Chili (Novara) und dem Cap der guten Hoffnung (M. C. Vienn.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78828" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48625fe7-cfc5-49f7-b8fc-50043b38a22b" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-72-599" ID-Pensoft-UUID="162E581A572D558DA12337F50136919B" ID-ZooBank="A1E3C31522684C20AA3C6771D37D4A74" ModsDocID="2625-8498-72-599" checkinTime="1660365946710" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Uchoa, Lucas Rafael, Delfim, Fagner Ribeiro, Mesquita, Daniel Oliveira, Colli, Guarino Rinaldi, Garda, Adrian Antonio &amp; Guedes, Thais B." docDate="2022" docId="B5B240622F935C2CAD2065FB7687BAE1" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 72: 599-659" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 72" docPubDate="2022-08-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78828" docTitle="Tropidurus montanus Rodrigues 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="162E581A572D558DA12337F50136919B" lastPageNumber="599" masterDocId="162E581A572D558DA12337F50136919B" masterDocTitle="Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: Detailed and updated overview" masterLastPageNumber="659" masterPageNumber="599" pageNumber="599" updateTime="1660370633768" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Uchoa, Lucas Rafael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhao, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saude, Praca Duque de Caxias, 65604 - 380, Caxias, MA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Delfim, Fagner Ribeiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Mesquita, Daniel Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Colli, Guarino Rinaldi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Garda, Adrian Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Guedes, Thais B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083 - 862, Campinas, SP, Brazil &amp; University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE- 405 30, Goeteborg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName LSID="B5B24062-2F93-5C2C-AD20-65FB7687BAE1" authority="Rodrigues, 1987" authorityName="Rodrigues" authorityYear="1987" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropidurus montanus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="Montanus">Tropidurus montanus Rodrigues, 1987</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lizards recorded in the Caatinga region. 12.1 Tropidurus helenae; 12.2 Tropidurus hispidus; 12.3 Tropidurus jaguaribanus; 12.4 Tropidurus montanus; 12.5 Tropidurus mucujensis; 12.6 Tropidurus oreadicus; 12.7 Tropidurus pinima and 12.8 Tropidurus semitaeniatus. Photograph credits: Daniel Mesquita (12.1, 12.6, 12.8), Adrian Garda (12.2), Daniel Passos (12.3, 12.4, 12.7), Marco A. Freitas (12.5)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78828.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/726820" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Figs 12.4 and 20</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Type locality.</paragraph>
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Serra do
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, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
In the Caatinga it is registered in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. It is widespread in the Caatinga and with annual mean temperature 20 to 28°C along two ecoregions (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Lizards from the Caatinga. Summarized data about distribution, ecology, and conservation. Caatinga ecoregions (Silva et al. 2017) - B: Brejos, CCD: Complexo Chapada Diamantina, CIA: Complexo Ibiapaba-Araripe, DSM: Depressao Sertaneja Meridional, DSS: Depressao Sertaneja Setentorial, DSF: Dunas do Sao Francisco, PB: Planalto da Borborema, RC: Raso da Catarina, SFG: Sao Francisco - Gurgueia. Distribution Patterns - WD: widespread (EOO greater than 20,000 km 2, see Material and Methods for details), R: restricted (EOO less than 20,000 km 2). Habitat - O: open areas; F: forested areas; Preferred habitat type: AT: ant hills and termite mounds, B: bromeliads, G: general, LL: leaf litter, P: psammophilous, A: anthropic; S: saxicolous and TB: trees and bushes; Activity - D: diurnal, N: nocturnal and C: crepuscular. Conservation status (IUCN 2021; ICMBio 2018) - Critically Endangered (CR), Data Deficient (DD), Endangered (EN), Least Concern (LC), Near Threatened (NT), Not Evaluated (NE) and Vulnerable (VU). Caatinga endemic species ' * '." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DCA21B21C4ADC68A0D52968CF9844DE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" tableUuid="DCA21B21C4ADC68A0D52968CF9844DE2">1</tableCitation>
; Appendix S3). Distributed in medium to high elevation areas (591-1,450 m a.s.l.), with annual mean temperature 18 to 25°C, and average annual rainfall between 638 and 1,060 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="ecological notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
Terrestrial and diurnal. Occurring in desert regions and xeric thickets, with rocky outcrops, sandy soils in grassy fields, in shrubs and walls (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v31i3p105-230" author="Rodrigues, MT" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="105 - 230" refId="B187" refString="Rodrigues, MT, 1987. Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 31: 105 - 230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v31i3p105-230" title="Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v31i3p105-230" volume="31" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/218-03N" author="Van Sluys, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="606 - 611" refId="B240" refString="Van Sluys, M, Rocha, CFD, Vrcibradic, D, Galdino, CAB, Fontes, AF, 2004. Diet, activity, and microhabitat use of two syntopic Tropidurus species (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 38: 606 - 611, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/218-03N" title="Diet, activity, and microhabitat use of two syntopic Tropidurus species (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/218-03N" volume="38" year="2004">Van Sluys et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zoo­taxa.3640.1.3" author="Carvalho, AD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="42 - 56" refId="B36" refString="Carvalho, AD, 2013. On the distribution and conservation of the South American lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Zootaxa 3640: 42 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zoo-taxa.3640.1.3" title="On the distribution and conservation of the South American lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zoo­taxa.3640.1.3" volume="3640" year="2013">Carvalho 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Diet based mainly on arthropods, being
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Isoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" rank="order">Isoptera</taxonomicName>
the most representative items (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/218-03N" author="Van Sluys, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="606 - 611" refId="B240" refString="Van Sluys, M, Rocha, CFD, Vrcibradic, D, Galdino, CAB, Fontes, AF, 2004. Diet, activity, and microhabitat use of two syntopic Tropidurus species (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 38: 606 - 611, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/218-03N" title="Diet, activity, and microhabitat use of two syntopic Tropidurus species (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/218-03N" volume="38" year="2004">Van Sluys et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Oviparous, the female usually lays 1-6 eggs at a time (
<bibRefCitation author="Van Sluys, M" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="89 - 98" refId="B239" refString="Van Sluys, M, Mendes, HMA, Assis, VB, Kiefer, MC, 2002. Reproduction of Tropidurus montanus Rodrigues, 1987 (Tropiduridae), a lizard from a seasonal habitat of south-eastern Brazil, and a comparison with other Tropidurus species. Herpetological Journal 12: 89 - 98" title="Reproduction of Tropidurus montanus Rodrigues, 1987 (Tropiduridae), a lizard from a seasonal habitat of south-eastern Brazil, and a comparison with other Tropidurus species." volume="12" year="2002">Van Sluys et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Rachel R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rr.smith816@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164241238" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBA0DEFA-D4FD-4066-80A4-E4187B8B41D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5B28386542C514797EE8D342E7E8EAA" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B5B28386-542C-5147-97EE-8D342E7E8EAA" authority="Smith &amp; Short, 2020" authorityName="Smith &amp; Short" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus acuminatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus" status="sp. nov.">Chasmogenus acuminatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. acuminatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. pandus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411760" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figures 5A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. amplius B C. acuminatus C C. berbicensis D C. clavijoi E C. undulatus F C. gato." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411764" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 15H-I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp. Localities marked with stars / triangles indicate populations that were sampled for DNA in Fig. 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411773" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Suriname. A Type locality and habitat for C. brownsbergensis, Brownsberg Nature Park (collecting event SR 12 - 0804 - 03 A) B type locality and habitat for C. ligulatus, near Mt. Kasikasima (collecting event SR 12 - 0320 - 02 A) C type locality and habitat for C. tafelbergensis, summit of Tafelberg tepui (collecting event SR 13 - 0817 - 01 A) D type locality and habitat for C. schmits, S of Kwamala along the Kutari River (collecting event SR 10 - 0316 - 01 B) E habitat for C. acuminatus, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Raleighvallen (collecting event SR 16 - 0316 - 01 B) F habitat for C. guianensis, upper Palumeu River, (collecting event SR 12 - 0311 - 01 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411776" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 21E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Guyana. A Type locality and habitat for C. berbicensis, Guyana, margin / detrital sandbar of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0922 - 02 A) B type locality and habitat for C. undulatus Guyana, near Ayanganna airstrip (collecting event GY 14 - 0317 - 01 A) C habitat for C. acuminatus and C. guianensis, Guyana, small tributary of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0924 - 01 A) D habitat for C. acuminatus (collecting event GY 13 - 1103 - 02 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411777" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 22C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
sp. X Short, 2013: 87 (in part); Short &amp; Kadosoe, 2011: 87 (in part), Short, Salisbury, &amp; La Cruz 2018: 193 (in part).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Holotype (male)</emphasis>
: &quot;Suriname: Sipaliwini District/
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="21.776" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.3629334">2°21.776'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="41.861" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.697685">56°41.861'W</geoCoordinate>
, 237 m/ Camp 3 Wehepai; leg. Short &amp;/ Kadosoe; sandy forest creek/4-6.ix.2010; SR10-0904-01A/ CI-RAP Survey&quot;, &quot;DNA VOUCHER/ Extraction #/ SLE-1822&quot;, &quot;HOLOTYPE/ CHASMOGENUS/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Short" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="acuminatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">acuminatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n./ des. Smith &amp; Short.&quot; (NZCS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Paratypes (321): Brazil: Amapa</emphasis>
: Oiapoque (c. 22 km S) on BR-156, leg. Short, forested detrital pools, BR18-0720-01B (1 ex., SEMC, DNA voucher SLE1850).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Para</emphasis>
: Vale do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
, ca. 55 km N. Alenquer,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.49292" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.49292">-1.49292</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="54.51566" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-54.51566">-54.51566</geoCoordinate>
, leg. Short, detrital pool, BR18-0203-01B (1 ex., SEMC, DNA voucher SLE1623).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">French Guiana</emphasis>
: Petit-Saut,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.070" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="5.07">5.070</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="53.029" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-53.029">-53.029</geoCoordinate>
(2 exs., SEMC, DNA Vouchers SLE516 and SLE1840).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Guyana: Region 9</emphasis>
: along road to Parabara,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="09.557" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1592834">2°09.557'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="17.569" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.292816">59°17.569'W</geoCoordinate>
, 268 m, 1.xi.2013, leg. Short, Isaacs and Salisbury, forest pools near Mushai Wao, GY13-1101-02A (4 exs., SEMC); Parabara, trail to mines,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="05.095" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.0849166">2°05.095'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="14.174" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.236233">59°14.174'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m, 2.xi.2013, leg. Short, Isaacs and Salisbury, detrital pools in forest, GY13-1102-01A (2 exs., SEMC); North of Parabara, Bototo Wau Creek,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="10.908" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1818">2°10.908'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="20.306" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.338432">59°20.306'W</geoCoordinate>
, 289 m, 31.x.2013, leg. Short, Isaacs and Salisbury, stream margins, GY13-1031-01A (3 exs., SEMC); Parabara north side of river,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="06.492" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1082">2°06.492'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="13.653" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.22755">59°13.653'W</geoCoordinate>
, 274 m, 3.xi.2013, detritus margins and leaf packs, GY13-1103-02A (2 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE1086).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Region 6</emphasis>
: Upper Berbice circa 1 km south of Basecamp 1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="09.241" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.1540165">4°09.241'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="10.627" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-58.177116">58°10.627'W</geoCoordinate>
, 109 m, 25.ix.2014, leg. Short and La Cruz, margins of creek with leaf packs and mud, GY14-0925-01B (2 exs., SEMC); Upper Berbice Basecamp 1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="09.289" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.1548166">4°09.289'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="10.717" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-58.178616">58°10.717'W</geoCoordinate>
, 96 m, 21.ix.2014, leg, Short, Salisbury and La Cruz, muddy detrital pools in drying creekbed near camp, GY14-0921-02A (5 exs., SEMC, CBDG); same data as previous except: 24.ix.2014, margins of basecamp creek, GY14-0924-01A (1 ex., SEMC); Upper Berbice circa 1 km west of Basecamp 1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="09.143" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.1523833">4°09.143'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="11.207" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-58.186783">58°11.207'W</geoCoordinate>
, 105 m, 22.iv.2014, leg, Short, Salisbury and La Cruz, margins of creek, GY14-0921-03H (2 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 21.ix.2014, leg. A. Short, sandy stream, GY14-0921-03A (1 ex. SEMC); Upper Berbice Basecamp 2,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="45.301" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.755017">4°45.301'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="00.404" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-58.006733">58°00.404'W</geoCoordinate>
, 49 m, 26.ix.2014, leg. Short, Salisbury and La Cruz, shallow detrital pool in forest draining into creek, GY14-0926-01A (2 exs. SEMC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Region 8</emphasis>
: Konawaruk River, Basecamp 2 (NARIL basecamp),
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="07.539" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.12565">5°07.539'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="06.732" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.1122">59°06.732'W</geoCoordinate>
, 80 m, 15.ix.2014, leg. Salisbury and La Cruz, unnamed clear water creek, slow flowing and shallow, GY14-0915-02 (7 exs., SEMC); Upper Potaro Camp (circa 7 km northwest of Chenapau),
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="0.660" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.011">5°0.660'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="38.283" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.63805">59°38.283'W</geoCoordinate>
, 484 m, 11.iii.2014, leg. Short, Baca, Salisbury and La Cruz, Potaro margin trail with wet detritus in sandy area, GY14-0311-04A (1 ex., SEMC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Region 10</emphasis>
: Upper Berbice logging road KM 1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="03.892" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.0648665">5°03.892'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="03.303" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-58.05505">58°03.303'W</geoCoordinate>
, 71 m, 29.ix.2014, leg. Short, Salisbury and La Cruz, marsh and creek, GY14-0929-01B (1 ex., SEMC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Suriname: Sipaliwini District</emphasis>
: Camp 3, Werehpai,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="21.776" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.3629334">2°21.776'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="41.861" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.697685">56°41.861'W</geoCoordinate>
, 237 m, 3-7.ix.2010, leg. Short and Kadosoe, detrital pools forest, 2010 CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0903-02A (4 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 3.ix.2010, pooled up detrital creek, 2010 CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0903-01A (54 exs., NZCS, SEMC, INPA); same data as previous except: 4-6.ix.2010, sandy forest creek, SR10-0904-01A (26 exs., SEMC, including DNA vouchers SLE1822 and SLE1823); Camp 2 on Sipaliwini River
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="10.973" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1828833">2°10.973'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="47.235" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.78725">56°47.235'W</geoCoordinate>
; 210 m, 28.viii.2010, Short and Kadosoe, small detrital stream, CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0828-03A (27 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 30.viii.2010, forest creek, SR10-0831-01A (24 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 31.viii.2010, sandy forest creek with detritus, SR10-0831-01B (38 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 28-29.viii.2010, large forest stream, SR10-0828-02A (16 exs., SEMC, including DNA voucher SLE1820); Camp 1 on Kutari River,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="10.521" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.17535">2°10.521'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="47.244" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.7874">56°47.244'W</geoCoordinate>
, 228 m, 20.viii.2010, leg. Short and Kadosoe, forest stream, CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0820-01A (7 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 19.viii.2010, SR10-0819-02A (1 ex., SEMC); same data as previous except: 19.viii.2010, forested swamp, SR10-0819-01A (39 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 19-24.viii.2010, leg. Short, Kadosoe, and Larsen, FIT, SR10-0819-TN1 (1 ex., SEMC); rapids on Kutari River,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="19.280" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.3213334">2°19.280'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="52.595" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.876583">56°52.595'W</geoCoordinate>
, 224 m, 18.viii.2010, leg. A. E. Z. Short, forest stream, 2010 CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0818-01A (1 ex., SEMC); Camp 2 on Sipaliwini River,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="10.973" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1828833">2°10.973'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="47.235" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.78725">56°47.235'W</geoCoordinate>
, 210 m, 29-30.viii.2010, leg. Short and Kadosoe, inselberg, 2010 CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0829-01A (1 ex. SEMC); Camp 1 on Kutari River,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="10.521" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.17535">2°10.521'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="47.244" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.7874">56°47.244'W</geoCoordinate>
, 228 m, 22.viii.2010, Short and Kadosoe, forest swamp, CI-RAP Survey, SR10-0822-02A (7 exs., SEMC including DNA Voucher SLE 445); Camp 1 Upper Palumeu, 2.47700N, 55.62941W, 275 m, 10-16.iii.2012, leg. A. Short, 2012 CI-RAP Survey, Flight Intercept Trap, SR12-0310-TN1 (1 ex. SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, base of Voltzberg,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="40.432" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6738667">4°40.432'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.079" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.18465">56°11.079'W</geoCoordinate>
, 86 m, 16.iii.2016, leg. Short et al., pooled up stream, SR16-0316-01B (10 exs., SEMC, including DNA vouchers SLE1838 and SLE1839); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve Lolopaise area,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="42.48" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="4.708">4°42.48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="13.15908" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.21932">56°13.15908'W</geoCoordinate>
, 24 m, 18.iii.2016, leg. Short et al., intermittent stream margins and flotation, SR16-0318-01D (3 exs., SEMC, including DNA voucher SLE1849); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, trail from plateau to Voltzberg, 17.iii.2016, leg. J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
, stream with roots and mud, SR16-0317-04A (3 exs., SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, Fungu Island,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="43.459" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.7243166">4°43.459'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="12.658" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.210968">56°12.658'W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 m, 14.iii.2016, leg. A. Short, isolated river margin pools with rocky bottom, SR16-0314-01E (1 ex., SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve Voltzberg Station,
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="40.910" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6818333">04°40.910'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.138" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.185635">56°11.138'W</geoCoordinate>
, 78 m, 29.vii.2012, leg. A. Short and
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
McIntosh, detrital side pool, SR12-0729-02B (2 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 29.vii.2012, leg. Short, Maier, McIntosh, and Kadosoe, stream margins, SR12-0729-02A (3 exs., SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, trail to Raleighvallen,
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="42.480" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.708">04°42.480'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="13.159" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.21932">56°13.159'W</geoCoordinate>
, 24 m, 27.vii.2012, leg.
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
McIntosh, detrital pools near creek in forest, SR12-0727-03D (5 exs., SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve Voltzberg trail,
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="40.910" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6818333">04°40.910'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.138" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.185635">56°11.138'W</geoCoordinate>
, 78 m, 30.vii.2012, leg. A. Short and
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
McIntosh, detrital pools along stream, SR12-0730-01B (6 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE1081); CSNR Tafelberg Summit near Augustus Creek Camp,
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="55.600" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.9266667">3°55.600'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.300" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.18833">56°11.300'W</geoCoordinate>
, 600 m, 16.viii.2013, leg. Short and Bloom, pond on trail into Arrowhead basin, SR13-0816-02A (1 ex., SEMC); same data as previous except: 22.viii.2013, detrital creek, SR13-0822-01A (1 ex., SEMC); Sipaliwini Savanna Nature Reserve, Four Brothers Mountain,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.5" value="2.0056944">2°00'20.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="08.9" value="-55.96914">55°58'08.9&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 337 m, 31.iii.2017, leg. A. Short, detrital pools, SR17-0331-01D (1 ex., SEMC DNA Voucher SLE1619); Kabalebo Nature Resort, Moi Moi Creek, leg. Short, detrital pool, SR19-0310-01G (2 exs., SEMC, DNA vouchers SLE1804 and SLE1805).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411760" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
ventral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pandus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pandus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. pandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
Among species that have a broad clypeal emargination and the apex of the median lobe extending past the apex of the parameres,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished by the straight outer margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15H, I</figureCitation>
) of the parameres, (distinctly sinuated in the similar and regionally co-occurring
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ligulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="ligulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. ligulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pandus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pandus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. pandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Examination of the aedeagus is the only way to definitively identify this species. Unassociated females may not be determined with certainty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Size and color.</emphasis>
Total body length 3.4-3.9 mm. Body form elongate oval with slightly curved lateral margins. Dorsum of head brown to dark brown, clypeus distinctly paler brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. amplius B C. acuminatus C C. berbicensis D C. clavijoi E C. undulatus F C. gato." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411764" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">9B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum and elytra uniformly dark orange-brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. acuminatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. pandus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411760" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">5A</figureCitation>
). Venter dark orange centrally, dark red-brown distally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. acuminatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. pandus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411760" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">5C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Head.</emphasis>
Ground punctation on head coarse. Clypeus with anteromedial emargination, which exposes a broadly rounded to angulate gap between the clypeus and labrum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. amplius B C. acuminatus C C. berbicensis D C. clavijoi E C. undulatus F C. gato." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411764" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">9B</figureCitation>
). Mentum strongly depressed in anterior half with a triangular to subtriangular anteromedial notch. Maxillary palps long, longer than width of head immediately posterior to eyes.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Thorax.</emphasis>
Ground punctation on pronotum moderately coarse (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. acuminatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. pandus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411760" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">5A</figureCitation>
). Prosternum tectiform. Mesoventrite with weak elevation forming a thin posteromedial longitudinal carina. Metafemora densely pubescent in basal nine-tenths (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. acuminatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. pandus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411760" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">5C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15H, I</figureCitation>
) with median lobe subtriangular in shape, widest at base and gradually tapering along entire length; apex acute, distinctly extending beyond the apex of the parameres. Sclerite of the median lobe expanded, but very narrow and weakly developed, apex not reaching the apex of the parameres. Gonopore situated ca. one gonopore width below the apex of the median lobe. Parameres symmetrical, with outer margins very slightly inwardly curved a long length; width of each paramere gradually narrowed to a blunt (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15H</figureCitation>
) to slightly acute (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15I</figureCitation>
) apex. Basal piece short, ca. one-third the length of the parameres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
The species name is derived from the Latin
<taxonomicName lsidName="acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pointed”">&quot;pointed&quot;</normalizedToken>
, after the condition of the aedeagus, in which the apex of the median lobe is extended and forms an acute point.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
Known from a broad range in the eastern Guiana Shield region of South America, from Guyana east to the state of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, Brazil and south to the Amazon River (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp. Localities marked with stars / triangles indicate populations that were sampled for DNA in Fig. 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411773" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
This species is relatively widespread and one of the most commonly encountered
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the eastern Guiana Shield. It is found in forested habitats, typically associated with detrital pools, the margins of streams and creeks, and forested swamps (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Suriname. A Type locality and habitat for C. brownsbergensis, Brownsberg Nature Park (collecting event SR 12 - 0804 - 03 A) B type locality and habitat for C. ligulatus, near Mt. Kasikasima (collecting event SR 12 - 0320 - 02 A) C type locality and habitat for C. tafelbergensis, summit of Tafelberg tepui (collecting event SR 13 - 0817 - 01 A) D type locality and habitat for C. schmits, S of Kwamala along the Kutari River (collecting event SR 10 - 0316 - 01 B) E habitat for C. acuminatus, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Raleighvallen (collecting event SR 16 - 0316 - 01 B) F habitat for C. guianensis, upper Palumeu River, (collecting event SR 12 - 0311 - 01 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411776" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">21E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Guyana. A Type locality and habitat for C. berbicensis, Guyana, margin / detrital sandbar of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0922 - 02 A) B type locality and habitat for C. undulatus Guyana, near Ayanganna airstrip (collecting event GY 14 - 0317 - 01 A) C habitat for C. acuminatus and C. guianensis, Guyana, small tributary of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0924 - 01 A) D habitat for C. acuminatus (collecting event GY 13 - 1103 - 02 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411777" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">22C, D</figureCitation>
). Some specimens have been collected in flight intercept traps (FITs).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
There is a high level of genetic diversity in the species (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Chasmogenus spp. based on COI sequences. Ultra Fast Bootstrap (UFBS) values are indicated at nodes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411756" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">1</figureCitation>
), with observed COI divergence as high as 6% between some individuals. However, we did not identify any substantial corresponding morphological variation and believe it is best to consider this intraspecific genetic variation for the time being.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:location id="35DBC800B8290E3DEF6AF2EAF9F680B1">
<mods:url id="D97723EEC0906BB13B74EFBD8FEED601">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="2ABC3151C394D70B09F81679E9E90892">book</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="458849E41CCA1E856C5E64988C16861A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3931989</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="820AF2753CC5D1065D1FB7F87A4734B8" type="Zenodo-Dep">3931989</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="B5B2B88B39B165D638EAE822A832F242" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4352930" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164946850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4352930" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5B2B88B39B165D638EAE822A832F242" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5B2B88B39B165D638EAE822A832F242" lastPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="CBF9376C59A4B6A49649C87802FB8054" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C0AAF0BA2E3F5E389496E73AEF648313" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="A919569C88ED5A766E6C79A12E4E397E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="versicolor" status="spec. nov.">Iris versicolor</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3278AFEACFCB3DDFA34E4BE19040098" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="253A71B0EEDD437C36532108FE2837C5" type="description">
<paragraph id="C4230B87F0CF0940566466A333550242" pageNumber="39">10. Iris corollis imberbibus, germinibus subtrigonis, caule tereti, foliis ensiformibus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDCE4F2F3E77A9DF6A6FC692E4108573" pageNumber="39">
Iris americana versicolor, stylo crenato.
<emphasis id="0DA2ED81E947A6B93336E24F4B07B326" italics="true">Dill. elth. 188. t.155. f.188.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DF0906F6FC3056438F8E88CEEC6C601" pageNumber="39">
Iris americana versicolor, stylo non crenato.
<emphasis id="CFDC2CEFA9EC67BDC4535B0BAF6555A7" italics="true">Dill. elth. 187. t.155. f.187.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E188F173AD6D08C3EB23E6CCEECD4F76" pageNumber="39">
Iris latifolia virginiana, florum petalis repandis purpureis.
<emphasis id="209333CF9C5BAD887D7FC50FE1902FC1" italics="true">Ehret. pict. t.6. f.2.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="350F82A219995CF24139B0DD22888EF5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="578EA79EAE289C4194817A18F7AC7517" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="82F9F94EC30B015F428FA44752CCED7B" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Virginia
<emphasis id="C930D428F37A27940F714C9D7D2403AB" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Marilandia
<emphasis id="3FC57413638776214269C7EC8904A9D9" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Pensylvania
<emphasis id="A03DB0B1777AB3BD406B068F18E80855" italics="true">. ♃</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>