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<mods:title>New and little-known species of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="4DD42CB1A2AC4A64954431793B96740E">New and little-known species of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Astafurova, Yulia V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab., 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B33F7D25C947F54DE33878A76F75E37B">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab., 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Centre for East Asian Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Schwarz, Maximilian</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164420247" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7DF37BEA4D2050F2B18B3D296586142A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DF37BEA4D2050F2B18B3D296586142A" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7DF37BEA-4D20-50F2-B18B-3D296586142A" authority="Cockerell, 1922" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">Sphecodes howardi Cockerell, 1922</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 69</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 71</figureCitation>
<treatment id="7DF37BEA4D2050F2B18B3D296586142A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164420247" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7DF37BEA4D2050F2B18B3D296586142A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DF37BEA4D2050F2B18B3D296586142A" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" scope_family="Halictidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<paragraph id="55DA85A8042196CCA4A8C0D00A3FA669" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="FAE98D858491F908884FB6510A9E6F83" ID-CoL="6Z9N2" LSID="7DF37BEA-4D20-50F2-B18B-3D296586142A" authority="Cockerell, 1922" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">Sphecodes howardi Cockerell, 1922</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="A26637C647EC68E82EF5358F6FCF0B1E" captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 69</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B5B65C22166371B503FA106580A4A37A" captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 71</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">Sphecodes howardi</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="A832622527B62ED93966910E2D5A77CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4C10560E3DEB51764689AB660CF57F4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="A4CABD0A00164B8D678822E51F537D40" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">Sphecodes howardi</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1922: 12, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Canton [= Guangdong], China, C.W. Howard Collection, Type No 24885USNM; USNM, http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3129f6c5d-578d-446f-bdc7-f59ccb6213e0).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="F0152C1E6D79D3A6BBF3F8729946D324" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="19C63A94E01DB37A73FAF6F0E0529ECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A747E2374AEC81D8F9DE66E81C5DCD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
This species is most close to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes kershawi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes kershawi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50CA8BCB98860F065867B086961D00E6" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes kershawi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis id="E75BA072F9D58C783794AA00FD1E46F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes kershawi</emphasis>
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and also resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. formosanus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CF590C6C1739FA3B65D286423C679A9" lsidName="S. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="F01A6CA708D4BF12CD17A59752D05148" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1911,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. takaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="takaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. takaensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8C73C7F9964446E2EA54E29024075094" lsidName="S. takaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="takaensis">
<emphasis id="B83E19742920A6AC270F2D4AE07ACDE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. takaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AAF67DE60C76D95767CE0BE91C7BCBE2" originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
, 1927, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. binghami" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="binghami">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. binghami</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51D66A1B8CD5A561B40AA0FAAEE870E8" lsidName="S. binghami" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="binghami">
<emphasis id="8ECB961FC3D2167A7A3846A6B91C2BF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. binghami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
owing to similar structure, sculpture, and coloration of the body, including a densely punctate disc and marginal zone of T1 (differences between females of these species are outlined in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Differences between females of Sphecodes howardi, S. formosanus, S. takaensis, S. binghami, and S. kershawi." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A">2</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="BB7916CF890161B858BE5B9740141F05" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Differences between females of Sphecodes howardi, S. formosanus, S. takaensis, S. binghami, and S. kershawi." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A">2</tableCitation>
). Structurally and sculpturally the species is also close to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. distinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. distinctus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EC69C1521E3C844BA61F4939B39F62CC" lsidName="S. distinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis id="60F9473C5BF98DD4D4B737B2B47AFCFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. distinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sibuyanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="sibuyanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. sibuyanensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1A5902ED59DAB51542236EDBE41EFCCF" lsidName="S. sibuyanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="sibuyanensis">
<emphasis id="0A9FE35D51AC70F10A44A09D4BA65642" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. sibuyanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1925 and one of these species may possibly be the unknown male of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. howardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. howardi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BB81C2F278698510D6D521809EFF02BB" lsidName="S. howardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis id="ED0943FF063A62472F8BD0242DF34E48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. howardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sibuyanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="sibuyanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. sibuyanensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9E490F2EB4A94686D6532E88DCA4C1D5" lsidName="S. sibuyanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="sibuyanensis">
<emphasis id="3995EEB4EC693628018ACAE6E05200BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. sibuyanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has the same brown wing coloration (lighter and yellowish in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. distinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. distinctus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B1BE5B9F85D1A004A2760D0F961B0AA8" lsidName="S. distinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis id="CF5498B43EA3388809A37C6C08E7D66B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. distinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Table 2.</emphasis>
<caption id="0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" ID-Table-UUID="0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0E672345C4FBB67C094979E1972A9B4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="AAA3076FC920FCDD2CD0CED771D43144" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="DD35AA943E93F9C3C4F282BB52B4D85F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Table 2.</emphasis>
Differences between females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes howardi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29C9A2191111C7055FE483993903415C" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis id="17B470D07FE4DCFC332F33469936E8F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes howardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. formosanus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A690344558C80D2700BE4D20ACEE82EC" lsidName="S. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="79CDE2A7AA8D690A3B05E4AF5DE7FB50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. takaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="takaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. takaensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E4DC617100E49292548AA98B566A6559" lsidName="S. takaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="takaensis">
<emphasis id="BC45A1ABE321B1BCEAFA0D696C35967D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. takaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. binghami" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="binghami">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. binghami</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6484998C67B9BA3AAF4FE5DAF749B2E" lsidName="S. binghami" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="binghami">
<emphasis id="EEBD284B939D4420B33A75A6862B6DAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. binghami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kershawi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. kershawi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="32BFDEC85E42BAA3A666752C06F79326" lsidName="S. kershawi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis id="92071E0E031E72A25E22016912963F28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. kershawi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
<th colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes</emphasis>
<paragraph id="148125DEDAC528ADB844D1F8C693000D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<table id="66166BB0ECB7B5AC2944195511989A29" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<tr id="B670F99723EADFCE36E1EDFEA2CF5566" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<th id="83703D5E67A8374DBD5B084CDC191112" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
<th id="52A7CB33DB50058C681FB6B0A77D264F" colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C08A1C2F5A3834763199ECCC4FD769BF" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F315C64CBEE6926BD076AB14256AE4D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">howardi</emphasis>
<tr id="68E8D0FC8A9D6DA3A0F7F93E2F1DCAE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<th id="DFF3E3D1C981A9B9AAC3DEF7CA4E9950" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="11518A7EBFA93975540A1E5ACE103BD6" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis id="EBF8EBC071CB16CA62B5BC0A155F4F15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">howardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="formosanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">formosanus</emphasis>
<th id="2D38D17368CBE11C887C1616AE8EA957" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8770C8DFFFE29AF1A3B9E28E578589CC" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="formosanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="23925360E65F588025D28498E8FABAB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="takaensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">takaensis</emphasis>
<th id="8520F96F3E68D6C4FBD32312A5482A9F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="6E12DE148E63192E177FC161E49C38D0" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="takaensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaensis">
<emphasis id="D72B7AB9371BE6F7C3E9E31C36642C77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">takaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bluethgen" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="binghami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binghami">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">binghami</emphasis>
<th id="46C1980A236E28B8266AD3A434BC8338" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="903DF6279FAF09DF689541FEC09E15EF" authorityName="Bluethgen" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="binghami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binghami">
<emphasis id="ECB0CA19CE352A9C1C07DB3857C7A25F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">binghami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="kershawi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">kershawi</emphasis>
<th id="0AE6286629C84AFF71CE188A045E3FDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D8F7B8C418B661247639AEF293EA5358" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="kershawi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis id="46425F86059EBF45310E4BB7FB0A3502" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">kershawi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">F3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">0.7-0.8 times as long as wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<tr id="9DE9A2509AA716BD0CED0E7C17DA331D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td id="5D4E74D2C8AD05991C6663C5F4161D11" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">F3</td>
<td id="77A49F8EFBC24D2F15A93F9F757DFC21" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<td id="886CB4216D63ED34CD5F8C38F9CD6E7D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<td id="EE8D091571E79256AE95681D571E5DC3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">0.7-0.8 times as long as wide</td>
<td id="72A936A752C80D72E5BD9919FC25A1E1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
<td id="395CDD72925D4AE06721E2A5897B7106" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">About as long as wide</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Mesoscutum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">With coarse and confluent punctures, but medially with interspaces 0.5-1.0 puncture diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Densely punctate with punctures separated at most a puncture diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">With coarse and confluent punctures, but medially with interspaces 0.5-1.0 puncture diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">With coarse and confluent punctures, but medially with interspaces 0.5-1.0 puncture diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Mostly areolate-punctate</td>
<tr id="73C0435D03F58B5DCEC5FF54D37C966C" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td id="71D5CB53D67B72911CECB8EFE36B1FF6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Mesoscutum</td>
<td id="D3A88C9E8B0F593BBFC09F32DE0670E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">With coarse and confluent punctures, but medially with interspaces 0.5-1.0 puncture diameter</td>
<td id="974756F4D43D336D2FCE2961ACBE6E2F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Densely punctate with punctures separated at most a puncture diameter</td>
<td id="AAE9408D85BA4587A263A320E624C726" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">With coarse and confluent punctures, but medially with interspaces 0.5-1.0 puncture diameter</td>
<td id="7BE573CC0FD5D4BCF9E92140B954338B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">With coarse and confluent punctures, but medially with interspaces 0.5-1.0 puncture diameter</td>
<td id="B43C524F7D03FA5329D3DF7D8F6EDE38" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Mostly areolate-punctate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">T4 marginal zone</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Tessellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth or unclearly tessellate</td>
<tr id="F9F52B858B2DC302B8D0D454AD5C19EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td id="0C81B4FF45B6CE03E932FC675F77EC15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">T4 marginal zone</td>
<td id="0DD32B347856B1C954CDDB211FD3EF44" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Tessellate</td>
<td id="1E0B81666E34867476CDF290B73D8E13" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td id="B1BE4FD4B3F91861B32C809A90319C87" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td id="34403F7DFEB06F87E8D6A4145256E4E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td id="98888B09ECAF8A7380A42858644B5310" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Smooth or unclearly tessellate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Pygidial plate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Narrower than metabasitarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">As wide as metabasitarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Narrower than metabasitarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">As wide as metabasitarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Narrower than metabasitarsus</td>
<tr id="7489CCAE10EA660D38B29A5820C9075D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td id="2412B9219C56AD87A0CDF65C636AC0E8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Pygidial plate</td>
<td id="399C97DC0459B81759DF31E4909FBC9B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Narrower than metabasitarsus</td>
<td id="349841603853CC61AFB4214E63965D52" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">As wide as metabasitarsus</td>
<td id="0E152C2C53CBFBAB116BBD4B9C29AF25" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Narrower than metabasitarsus</td>
<td id="ADDC998C3DCD494C427798421E111E73" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">As wide as metabasitarsus</td>
<td id="C363439251793CE0DB00681331F5896F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Narrower than metabasitarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Number of hamuli</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">7-8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">9-10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">8-9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
<tr id="CF1B05BCFEDC7044D400E503600E291E" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td id="620FDA294E8C24576883E29DCB7DAD22" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Number of hamuli</td>
<td id="BAD92D6C55A56A058AC973E10C924BC1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">7-8</td>
<td id="F050FB44F31AF71F89482017478975F5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">9-10</td>
<td id="CB865ED9A27750FE44BFAA02A496557D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td id="4BF6414ACB9490F985DCAF6E5D3D393C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">8-9</td>
<td id="91EF999BB9CCA928963073354A4B9A5D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Malaysia, Myanmar, China (Guangdong)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">China (Taiwan)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">China (Taiwan)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Malaysia, Myanmar</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Macao)</td>
<tr id="94A9415850ADBA013D5F78473CE8730B" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<td id="9A89B985A74EBBC2A8D5305074A635B0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td id="E37E5B9FEEAC78BB9171E4FD337CD209" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Malaysia, Myanmar, China (Guangdong)</td>
<td id="568C5ACD6AC297ED27E52F0BC810DB8C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">China (Taiwan)</td>
<td id="4CDAA98CD13B4185EDBDC29865C112DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">China (Taiwan)</td>
<td id="C5E5506E13F2B933A64D1460C9534A6F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Malaysia, Myanmar</td>
<td id="69AE02B478A42469F8085FDCF837DC51" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Macao)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="descriptive notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Descriptive notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="BEFCC5DEE28294ED2BE6E2765FB9AE0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="descriptive notes">
<paragraph id="E50A51815D875A5CB5E5B44638B00CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Descriptive notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14864F54EC38F8BD6D583045B5C842F" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Wings with brownish darkening; hind wing with angle between basal (M) and cubital (Cu) veins ca. 70°, costal margin with seven or eight hamuli. Lateral preoccipital carina present.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAF8B0A62800D2D5B4F098219E9C2B8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female.</emphasis>
Total body length 8.5-9.5 mm. Head transverse, ca. 1.25 times as wide as long; vertex elevated with distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus approximately a lateral ocellar diameter as seen in frontal view; labrum semi-oval, 0.4 times as long as basal width; face and vertex areolate-punctate; paraocular (below and above the antennal sockets), supraclypeal areas and gena with adpressed white pubescence obscuring integument. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum mostly with areolate punctures (40-75
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="140D616AFD7B7E84E23BBD832C2B57FC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
), but medially with a few shining interspaces of approximately a puncture diameter (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">69</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FFC41929206E1AC9BDEFFF4374ADD4D6" captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">69</figureCitation>
); propodeal triangle (metapostnotum) reticulate-rugose (sculpture formingone or two rows of large deep cells); mesepisternum reticulate-rugose. Metasomal T1 on disc and marginal zone finely and densely punctate (10-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CB816ED448CB41DC1DAA5F5E54E12176" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
/ 0.5-3), remaining terga similarly punctate, but with impunctate marginal zones; T4 marginal zone finely tessellate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">71</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="95BA0A543F40A2D102A2568CB70AEB1D" captionStart="Figures 6974" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 69 - 74. Sphecodes howardi Cockerell (69, 71), S. kershawi Perkins (70, 72 - 74), females 69, 70 mesosoma, dorsal view 71, 72 T 4 - T 6, dorso-lateral 73 head, frontal view 74 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">71</figureCitation>
); T1-T3 red, T4 variable; pygidial plate 0.7 times as wide as metabasitarsus.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Male</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50284900F85EFDBA8138CE5F7A30CE60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Male</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="36513234B6A1763800BB22975158F373" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6C009ED4F23707C93575E369A16716E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="955DB328DD2564A4633C385381A35F87" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Malaysia: 1 ♀, Titi Serong Perak, 29.III.1930, H.T. Pagden (NHMUK 013380439); Myanmar: 1 ♀, Upper Burma, Nam Tamai Valley, 3000 ft, 12.VIII.1938, R. Kaulback,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.7">27°42'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="19885A33C48D69646A3929E240BE4303" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.7">27°42'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="97.9">97°54'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5295CEED1BAD04BDD37B003AA1606866" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="97.9">97°54'E</geoCoordinate>
(NHMUK 013380337); China: 1 ♀, Canton, 1916-1918, H. Weigold (ZMHB).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 6974" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 69-74.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes howardi</emphasis>
<caption id="4AB66026F9C85E7EB6A12F7BF20527ED" doi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures69-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416788" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 6974" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="494FC9CEF470CA93E4F7B2F24DDDA264" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="7EF144C2D43207F17FB460E41A9EC3B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 69-74.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="514143AC7F06451434E71EFD2CAD2505" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis id="3B2A0BBF47046ABA7C18A30832AB6B55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes howardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">69, 71</emphasis>
<emphasis id="87C1A73AD426752E06FE15B622065F3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">69, 71</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kershawi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. kershawi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B26EA16DA589DB8C6EE23C65A1C1D91C" lsidName="S. kershawi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="kershawi">
<emphasis id="21487ADD96595C756B41E2D316A412B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. kershawi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Perkins (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">70, 72-74</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FD73CF598E62AA60ECE4A60867454304" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">70, 72-74</emphasis>
), females
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">69, 70</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F34C2B713DE9202A4C90637316192D42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">69, 70</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">71, 72</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6023F4E55C163B977E03DE7C561DC366" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">71, 72</emphasis>
T4-T6, dorso-lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">73</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8354E420B1C803B6E021860166087607" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">73</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">74</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1AD70D135DCA65CF309341E43BFF4C55" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">74</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">*Malaysia, *Myanmar, China (Guangdong).</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="341162E32B45DB4C4609D2BA28DAC8EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="79712E56DF0A01CDCA6F38FDAE69CE03" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F06A8B9769ED494C484AAF6CEF9BC0F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">*Malaysia, *Myanmar, China (Guangdong).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>