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Lourdes +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. +soares@inpa.gov.br + + + +Author + +Mayo, Simon J. +Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, U. K. + + + +Author + +Gribel, Rogério +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pacheco Leão 915, Aleixo, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2013 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2013-12-01 + + +38 + + +4 + + +925 +974 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x674715 + +journal article +309960 +10.1600/036364413X674715 +63d0f0d9-7f27-46dc-83d9-61dba694a0e6 +1548-2324 +15482982 + + + + +11. + +Heteropsis reticulata +Croat & M. L. Soares + +sp. nov. + + + + +— + +TYPE: +BRAZIL +. +Acre +: +Cruzeiro do Sul +, próximo ao aeroporto, + +13 Feb 1976 + +, + +Monteiro +& +Damião +349 + +( +holotype +: +INPA +! fr). + + + + + +Planta hemiepiphytica; internodia longitudinaliter striata, subcylindrica, gemmae axillares apice rotundatae; folia ramulorum plagiotropium petiolo +3–5 mm +longo, lamina +13–17 cm +longa, +3–4.5 cm +lata, +0.24–0.62 mm +crassa, ovata vel elliptica, coriacea, rigida, castanea in pagina abaxiali, venam marginalem destituta, venam infra-marginalem margine +0.5 –1 mm +distanti instructa; pedunculus ca. +2 mm +longus, spadix ca. +1.8 cm +longus, +0.4 cm +diam, cylindricus, stipite ca. +2.5 mm +longo suffultus. + + +Plant a scandent hemi-epiphyte; aerial roots ca. +4.3 mm +diam, subcylindric, rugose, chestnut-brown when young; internodes +2–2.5 cm +long, +1.5–3 mm +diam, subcylindric, strongly striate longitudinally, greenish-brown when dried; axillary buds ca. +2 mm +long, with rounded apex. Petiole +3–5 mm +long, +1.4– 1.8 mm +diam, canaliculate, margin sinuate at the apex, slightly twisted; geniculum ca. +3 mm +long, darkened; leaf blade +13– 17 cm +long, +3–4.5 cm +wide, ovate to elliptic, coriaceous, rigid, when dried adaxially greenish-brown, abaxially dark brown, opaque on both sides when dried, margin strongly revolute, slightly sinuate, +0.24–0.62 mm +thick, apex acuminate, base obtuse to acute, midrib strongly sulcate adaxially, prominent, rounded abaxially, primary lateral veins and interprimaries prominent, infra-marginal collective vein prominent, +0.5–1 mm +distant from the margin, external marginal vein lacking. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, flowering shoot +5 cm +long, internodes +1–1.5 cm +long, +1.4–1.8 mm +diam, greenish-brown when dried, subcylindric, sulcate, axillary buds usually present on the first and second internodes; peduncle ca. +2 mm +long, +1.7 mm +diam; spathe not seen; spadix ca. +1.8 cm +long, +4 mm +diam, cylindric, apex acute, stipitate, stipe ca. 2.5 + +1.2 mm +, cylindric, blackened when dried. Gynoecium with apex +4–5 mm +diam, stigma oblong. Infructescence +4.5–7.5 cm +long, +2–3 cm +diam when mature; berry +14–17 mm +diam, at apex; seeds 3– 4 per berry. +Figures 3 +, +21 +(mature), +Fig. 22 +(immature). + + + + + +Habitat and Distribution— +Heteropsis reticulata + +occurs in dense ombrophilous terra firme forest and in flooded forest in +Brazil +( +Acre +) and +Peru +, at +100–150 m +alt. + + + + +Phenology— +Flowering specimens have been collected in November and fruiting material in January and February. + + + + +Conservation Status— +Using guidance from the +Geocat (2012) +online tool, the preliminary conservation assessment of + +H. reticulata + +is data deficient (DD), since this species is currently known only from four localities. + + + + +Etymology— +The specific epithet refers to the prominently reticulated finer venation of the abaxial leaf surface, particularly evident in immature attached leaves. + + + + +Notes— +The fertile material described here ( +Fig. 21 +) as + +Heteropsis reticulata + +shares with + +H. rigidifolia + +and + +H. robusta + +its rigid leaf blade and spadix size, but differs from these species in the ovate to elliptic leaf blade with obtuse base and strongly revolute margin. + + +The sterile collection cited below ( +Croat 62631 +), collected in dense ombrophilous terra firme forest at +150 m +alt., is part of an immature attached stem ( +Fig. 22 +), rather than a mature plagiotropic branch. It differs from the type and +paratype +material in the longer, smooth-margined petioles, larger size of the leaf blade with more strongly prominent fine reticulate abaxial venation, the less revolute leaf margins, the dried adaxial leaf surface greyish-brown and abaxial surface yellowish-brown. This specimen, however, agrees with the type and +paratype +collections in the striate and cylindric to subcylindric internodes, the infra-marginal collective vein close to the margin, and the absence of visible marginal veins. + + + +FIG. 20. + +Heteropsis peruviana + +. A. Habit. B. Venation of right abaxial surface of leaf blade. (A and B prepared from +Teixeira et al. 1387 +(INPA)). Drawn by Felipe França. + + + + +FIG. 21. + +Heteropsis reticulata + +. Mature plagiotropic shoot. A. Habit. B. Venation of right abaxial surface of leaf blade. (A and B prepared from +Grández et al. 5183 +(MO)). Drawn by Felipe França. + + + + +FIG. 22. + +Heteropsis reticulata + +. Attached climbing shoot with large leaves. A. Habit. B. Venation of left abaxial surface of leaf blade. (A and B prepared from +Croat 62631 +(MO)). Drawn by Felipe França. + + + +Immature attached leaves of larger size and different appearance to the mature leaves of plagiotropic branches are characteristic of certain other species, notably + +H. rigidifolia + +, and we propose that +Croat 62631 +and the cited type and +paratype +specimens of + +H. reticulata + +belong to the same species. Since this taxon remains poorly known we provide here further descriptive details of the specimen +Croat 62631 +, which may be useful in testing our proposal when new information becomes available: + + +Plant a scandent hemi-epiphyte. Internodes +3–8 cm +long, ca. +3 mm +diam, longitudinally striate when dried, cylindric, glossy, dark brown when dried, buds not seen. Petiole +1– 2 cm +long, ca. +2 mm +diam, strongly canaliculate, dark brown, margin smooth (not undulate); blade 22.5–32.0 cm long, +9– 13 cm +wide, +0.26–0.36 cm +thick, elliptic, subcoriaceous, glossy, adaxial surface dark green, dark greyish-brown when dried, abaxial surface yellowish-brown and opaque, apex abruptly acuminate, base acute to attenuate, midrib flattened at the base and sulcate towards the apex on adaxial side, prominent and convex on abaxial side, primary lateral veins 12–18 on each side, somewhat obscured on adaxial surface, prominent on abaxial surface, finer veins reticulate and prominent when dried, infra-marginal collective vein ca. +1 mm +distant from margin. + + + + +Additional Specimens Examined— + +PERU +. +Departamento Loreto +: +Provincia Maynas +, +Carretera Nauta-Iquitos +, + +04 29 + +' + +S + + +73 35 + +' + +W + +, + +23 Nov 1990 + +, + +Grández +& +Ruíz +2118 + +( +MO +fl) + +; + +03 48 + +' + +S + + +73 25 + +' + +W + +, +17 Feb 1993 +, +Grández et al. 5183 +(MO, NY fr). + + + +BRAZIL +. +Acre +: +Cruzeiro do Sul +, between +Cruzeiro do Sul +and +Rio Branco +, + +7 38 + +' + +S + +, + +72 35 + +' + +W + +, + +Croat +62631 + +( +INPA +, +MO +ster). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA1FF9BFF3AFDA15394FCC9.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA1FF9BFF3AFDA15394FCC9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7f54eb35ca7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA1FF9BFF3AFDA15394FCC9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ + + + +A Preliminary Taxonomic Revision of Heteropsis (Araceae) + + + +Author + +Soares, M. Lourdes +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. +soares@inpa.gov.br + + + +Author + +Mayo, Simon J. +Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, U. K. + + + +Author + +Gribel, Rogério +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pacheco Leão 915, Aleixo, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2013 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2013-12-01 + + +38 + + +4 + + +925 +974 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x674715 + +journal article +309960 +10.1600/036364413X674715 +63d0f0d9-7f27-46dc-83d9-61dba694a0e6 +1548-2324 +15482982 + + + + +3. + +HETEROPSIS +DUCKEANA +M. L. Soares + +, + + + +Kew Bull. 64: 264. 2009. + + + +— + +TYPE: +BRAZIL +. +Amazonas +, +Manaus +, +Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke +, +km 0.35 +caminho alojamentotorre, + +8 Nov. 2002 + +, + +M. L. Soares +503 + +( +holotype +: +INPA +! fl; + + +isotypes +: +K! +, +MG! +, +MO! +, +RB! +fl). + + + + + +Plant scandent climbing to +35 m +high, shoot leafy, aerial roots ca. +7–8 mm +diam, subcylindric, reddish brown when young, grey when mature; internodes +2–3 cm ++ +4–9 mm +, brown, longitudinally striated when dry, somewhat flattened on one side, rounded on the other; lateral bud +1–2 mm +long, apex rounded. Petiole 5–8 + +2–3 mm +, usually twisted, margin paler; geniculum ca. +3 mm +long, darker than petiole; leaf blade 9–17 + +2.5–4 cm +, elliptic-lanceolate, subpatent, olive-green when fresh, becoming brown when dry, glossy, subcoriaceous, +0.22–0.28 mm +thick, apex acute, base cuneate, margin revolute, slightly sinuate, lateral veins numerous, obscure on both sides when fresh, visible when dry, submarginal collective vein +2–3 mm +distant from margin, external marginal veins 1–2. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, flowering shoot +2.5–7 cm +long, internodes +0.5–1.5 cm ++ +3 mm +, with 1–2 small, persistent euphylls at the most apical nodes; peduncle short, +1–1.5 cm +long, +3–4 mm +diam; spathe 2.5–5 + +4–5.8 cm +when expanded, yellow on both sides, inflated, convolute, apex shortly acuminate, margin cream, spathe of floral buds +2–3 cm ++ ca. +8 mm +, dark green; spadix 3.8–5.3 + +1–1.5 cm +, cylindric, apex weakly acuminate, pale yellow, stipitate, stipe 1.5–2 + ca. +3 mm +. Stamens 3–4 + +1.25– 1.7 mm +, anthers 1 + +1.5 mm +; gynoecium 3–3.5 + ca. +3.5 mm +, obpyramidal, ovary 2.5 + +1.8 mm +, locules 2 per ovary, ovules 2 per locule, 0.6–1 + +0.7 mm +, anatropous, subsessile, placenta basal to sub-basal, stigma +1–1.5 mm +long, oblong-elliptic. Infructescence: 6–6.5 + +2.3–3.2 cm +; berry 10–17 + +9–18 mm +, apex +6–8 mm +diam, subobovoid, yellow, pulp yellow; seeds 1–2 per berry, 10–15 + +9– 13 mm +, obovoid, testa rugose. +Figures 1A +, +7A +, +8A +, +9A +, +13 +. + + + + + +Habitat and Distribution— +Heteropsis duckeana + +occurs in terra firme plateau forest (floresta de platô) at altitudes of approximately + +150 m +. + +It is so far known only from Central Amazonia, +Brazil +. + + + + +Phenology— +Flowering specimens have been collected between October and December, and fruiting material in January. + + + + +Conservation Status— +Using guidance from the +Geocat (2012) +online tool, the preliminary conservation assessment of + +H. duckeana + +is data deficient (DD), since this species is currently known from only three localities. + + + + +Etymology— +The specific epithet refers to the collecting locality where this species was first recognized: the Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke which belongs to the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), in the municipality of Manaus, +Brazil +. + + + + + +Notes— +Heteropsis duckeana + +is morphologically similar to + +H. rigidifolia + +from the Atlantic Forest but differs in the less coriaceous, non-rigid, and less spreading leaf blade, longer internodes and petioles, and especially in the larger size of the spadix and seeds. In + +H. rigidifolia + +the internodes are +1.5–2 cm +long, the petiole +3–5 mm +long, the leaf blade is coriaceous, rigid and spreading, the spathe is +2–3 cm +long, the spadix +1.5–3 cm +long, +0.6–0.8 cm +diam, and the seed +8 mm +long, +4– 5 mm +diam. The aerial roots of + +H. duckeana + +have lenticels throughout and the anchor roots adhering to the host tree are flattened and velvety reddish-brown. The ovary locules contain a transparent mucilaginous substance which dries rapidly on exposure to air. + + +A study of the root anatomy of + +Heteropsis +species + +in the Reserva Adolfo Ducke ( +Soares Morais 2008 +) showed that + +H. duckeana + +differs from other species in the presence of brachysclereids in the central cylinder. + + + + +Additional Specimens Examined— + +BRAZIL +. +Amazonas +: +Itacoatiara +, +Mil Madeireira +, + +12 Dec 1999 + +, + +Soares +et al. +486 + +( +INPA +fl); + + +Manaus +, +Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke +, + +6 Jan 2005 + +, + +Soares +& +Pereira +759 + +( +INPA +fr); + + + +13 Oct 1994 + +, + +Vicentini +747 + +( +INPA +fl). + + +Pará +: +Itaituba +, +Parque Nacional do Tapajós +, +km 60 +da estrada +Itaituba-Jacarecanga + +20 Nov 1978 + +, + +Silva +& +Rosário +3852 + +( +K +, +MG +, +U +, fl). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA3FF99FF3AFD0752F5F947.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA3FF99FF3AFD0752F5F947.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0244e228ee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA3FF99FF3AFD0752F5F947.xml @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + +A Preliminary Taxonomic Revision of Heteropsis (Araceae) + + + +Author + +Soares, M. Lourdes +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. +soares@inpa.gov.br + + + +Author + +Mayo, Simon J. +Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, U. K. + + + +Author + +Gribel, Rogério +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pacheco Leão 915, Aleixo, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2013 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2013-12-01 + + +38 + + +4 + + +925 +974 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x674715 + +journal article +309960 +10.1600/036364413X674715 +63d0f0d9-7f27-46dc-83d9-61dba694a0e6 +1548-2324 +15482982 + + + + +1. + +HETEROPSIS +BOLIVIANA +Rusby + +, + + + +Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 493. 1910. + + + +— + +TYPE: +BOLIVIA +. +Isapuri +, + +5 Oct. 1901 + +, + +R. S. Williams +721 + +( +holotype +: +NY +; + + +isotype +: +K +! fl) + +. + + + + +Plant hemi-epiphytic, internodes cylindric. Petiole ca. +3 mm +long, cuneate; leaf blade +7–15 cm +long, +2.5–4 cm +wide, oblong to oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, dark green, rigid when dried, apex acute, base cuneate, midrib prominent, primary lateral veins numerous and slender on the abaxial surface, infra-marginal collective vein ca. +1 mm +distant from the margin. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, axillary bud acutely pointed, straight, internodes of flowering shoot slender; peduncle slender, recurved in fruit; spathe ca. +3.5 cm +long, oblanceolate, rigid, apex strongly acuminate and ca. +6 mm +long; spadix +1.8–2 cm +long, +6 mm +diam, oblong, stipitate. Berry (young in material seen), dark when dried, truncate, quadrilateral. +Figure 1A +. + + + + + +Habitat and Distribution— +Heteropsis boliviana + +is known only from a single location in +Bolivia +. + + + + +Phenology— +The type collection was made in October and the Kew +isotype +is at a recently post-floral stage with the spathe already shed. + + + + +Conservation Status— +Based on guidance from the +Geocat (2012) +online tool, the preliminary conservation assessment of + +H. boliviana + +is data deficient (DD), since this species is currently known only from a single locality. + + + + +Etymology— +The specific epithet refers to the country where the +type +specimen was collected. + + + + + +Notes— +Heteropsis boliviana + +is morphologically similar to + +H. ecuadorensis + +, but differs in the cylindric stem, straight, acutely pointed axillary buds, slender internodes of the floral shoot and smaller spadix, only 1.8–2.0 cm long. In + +H. ecuadorensis + +the stem is subcylindric, the buds are acutely pointed and extrorse, the floral internodes are less slender and the spadix is +4–5 cm +long. + + +The above description is based on examination of the Kew +isotype +and the original description of the type material. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA9FF93FF3AFF5A5491FEDF.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA9FF93FF3AFF5A5491FEDF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e98be0774d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFA9FF93FF3AFF5A5491FEDF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,399 @@ + + + +A Preliminary Taxonomic Revision of Heteropsis (Araceae) + + + +Author + +Soares, M. Lourdes +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. +soares@inpa.gov.br + + + +Author + +Mayo, Simon J. +Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, U. K. + + + +Author + +Gribel, Rogério +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pacheco Leão 915, Aleixo, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2013 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2013-12-01 + + +38 + + +4 + + +925 +974 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x674715 + +journal article +309960 +10.1600/036364413X674715 +63d0f0d9-7f27-46dc-83d9-61dba694a0e6 +1548-2324 +15482982 + + + + +7. + +HETEROPSIS +LONGISPATHACEA +Engl. + +, + + + + +Pflanzenr. IV, 23 +B: 53. 1905 +. + + + + +— + +TYPE: +BRAZIL +. +Amazonas +, +Rio Juruá +, + +Nov. 1901 + +, + +Ule +6016 + +( +holotype +: +B +! fl). + + + +Plant a scandent hemi-epiphyte; aerial roots ca. +5 mm +diam, subcylindric, pale brown when dried, fissured longitudinally; shoot slender, somewhat flexuose, internodes +2.7–4 cm +long, +2.4–4.5 mm +diam, somewhat striated longitudinally when dried, subcylindric with one side slightly flattened, pale brown when dried; axillary buds ca. +2–3 mm +long, straight to introrse, apex rounded. Petiole +2–4 mm +long, ca. +2 mm +diam, canaliculate, margin paler and sinuate at apex; geniculum ca. +2 mm +long; leaf blade +12–19 cm +long, +4–5 cm +wide, lanceolate to oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, pale brown on both surfaces when dried, +0.12–0.16 mm +thick, apex acuminate, base cuneate, midrib somewhat sulcate adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary lateral veins and interprimary veins prominent only abaxially, infra-marginal collective vein prominent, +1.5–2 mm +distant from the margin, external marginal vein 1, closely adjacent to the collective vein. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, flowering shoot +4.5–6 cm +long, internodes +1.3–2 cm +long, ca. +1.8 mm +diam, pale brown, slightly sulcate; peduncle +0.3–0.7 mm +long, +1.3–3.5 mm +diam, subcylindric; spathe ca. +7 cm +long, +2.5 cm +wide when expanded, +8 cm +long, +1.4 cm +wide when closed, oblong, apex strongly cuspidate; spadix +3.5–4.2 cm +long, ca. +7 mm +diam, subcylindric, apex acuminate, stipitate, stipe 0.3 – 0.6 + ca. +1.2 mm +. Gynoecium with apex +2–2.5 mm +diam, stigma elliptic. Infructescence not seen. +Figures 1B +, +17 +. + + + + + +Habitat and Distribution— +Heteropsis longispathacea + +is known from +Brazil +( +Acre +, Amazonas, +Maranhão +, Pará), +Peru +, and +Surinam +, occurring at +300–800 m +alt. + + + + +Phenology— +Flowering specimens have been collected in flower in December, February, April and July and fruiting material in December. + + + + +Conservation Status— +Using guidance from the +Geocat (2012) +online tool, the preliminary conservation assessment of + +H. longispathacea + +is least concern (LC), based on 7 localities and a +50 km +cell width (auto value cell size option for area of occupancy). + + + + +Etymology— +The species epithet refers to the spathe which is relatively much longer than the spadix. + + + + + +Notes— +Heteropsis longispathacea + +is easily recognized when fertile because of the long, cuspidate spathe, much longer than the slender spadix. It is morphologically similar to + +H. salicifolia + +, but differs from the latter in the longer and wider, usually lanceolate, leaf blade and by the introrse axillary buds, longer cuspidate spathe and longer spadix. In contrast, + +H. salicifolia + +has an elliptic-oblong leaf blade, extrorse lateral buds, shorter spadix and the spathe has a much shorter apex. The +type +material of + +H. longispathacea + +is from the Rio Juruá in Amazonas State ( +Brazil +) occurring in a clear water region near the Andes. However there are records from the state of Pará, possibly from +terra firme +forest, at Castanhal, near Belém. Given this distribution, it may be inferred that + +Heteropsis longispathacea + +probably occurs in central Amazonia and has so far gone unrecorded due to lack of collections. Specimen label information records that according to local people in Amazonia, the juice of the aerial roots of this species causes irritation and itching, perhaps because of the presence of calcium oxalate. + + + + +Additional Specimens Examined— + +BRAZIL +. +Acre +: +Porto Alegre +, +Alto Purus +, + +8 Apr 1904 + +, + +Huber +s.n. + +( +MG 4391 +fl) + +; + + +10 Apr 1904 + +, + +Huber +s.n. + +( +INPA +, +MG 4432 +fl) + +; + +Tarauacá +, + +Dec 1956 + +, + +Bockermann +298 + +( +SP +fl). + + +Maranhão +: +Alzilandia +, +Rio Turiac¸u +, + +1 Jul 1978 + +, + +Jangoux +& +Bahia +124 + +( +MG +fl) + +; + +29 May 1979 + +. + +Pará +: +Castanhal +, + +22 Feb 1966 + +, + +Silva +et al. + +549 +( +MG +fl). + + +Óbidos +, + +29 May 1979 + +, + +Jangoux +& +Bahia +979 + +( +MG +fl) + +; + +Porto Alegre +, próximo à +Tucuruí +, + +10 Apr 1904 + +, + +Huber +et al. +4432 + +( +MG +fl) + +. + + + +PERU +. + +30 Jul. 1974 + +, + +Berlin +1871 + +( +MO +ster). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFBCFF99FF09FF7155EFFD09.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFBCFF99FF09FF7155EFFD09.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2be48f159b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287E6FFBCFF99FF09FF7155EFFD09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ + + + +A Preliminary Taxonomic Revision of Heteropsis (Araceae) + + + +Author + +Soares, M. Lourdes +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. +soares@inpa.gov.br + + + +Author + +Mayo, Simon J. +Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, U. K. + + + +Author + +Gribel, Rogério +Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CPBO-INPA, 69083 - 000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pacheco Leão 915, Aleixo, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2013 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2013-12-01 + + +38 + + +4 + + +925 +974 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x674715 + +journal article +309960 +10.1600/036364413X674715 +63d0f0d9-7f27-46dc-83d9-61dba694a0e6 +1548-2324 +15482982 + + + + + + +Heteropsis +Kunth + +, Enum. Pl. 3: 59. (1841). + + + + + +— + +TYPE + +species: + +H. salicifolia +Kunth (1841) + +. + + + + +Secondary hemi-epiphytes, stem quadrangular to cylindric, usually longitudinally striate, axillary buds introrse to extrorse with an acute, rounded or truncate apex; roots dimorphic (anchor roots and feeder roots). Leaves distichous, numerous, petiole usually short, free, canaliculate and geniculate apex, sheath usually congenitally fused to the subtending internode, rarely with a fully developed free-sheathed petiole ( + +H. melinonii +, +H. steyermarkii + +); leaf blade linear, obovate, elliptic, oblong to oblanceolate, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, apex acute, acuminate to attenuate, base attenuate, cuneate to rounded, green to yellowish-green, rarely glaucous abaxially ( + +H. melinonii +, +H. steyermarkii + +), midrib insculpted to sulcate, primary lateral and interprimary veins parallel-pinnate, forming an infra-marginal collective vein near the margin, with 1(–2) marginal veins often present externally, finer venation reticulate. Inflorescence solitary, terminal and axillary, flowering shoot stem slender to thick, usually bearing several cataphylls which are caducous after anthesis, peduncle short to short, cylindric; spathe ovate to elliptic to ovate or oblong, convolute to semi-convolute, white to yellow, apex acuminate to cuspidate, opening at anthesis and deciduous afterwards; spadix erect, free, cylindric to ellipsoid, shorter than spathe, white to yellow, exceptionally rose to vinaceous ( + +H. steyermarkii + +), usually stipitate, stipe usually short, rarely absent. Flowers hermaphrodite, perigone absent. Stamens 4 per flower or less by abortion, free, filament flattened, connective slender, anthers ovate to ellipsoid, dehiscing by apical slits, inserted at the apex of the connective. Gynoecium obpyramidal to prismatic, with four to six sides, usually truncate apically; ovary incompletely 2-locular, locules usually filled with a translucid mucilage; ovules anatropous, collateral; placentation basal to sub-basal, exceptionally axile, stylar region dense, broader than the ovary; stigma discoid to sub-discoid, elliptic to oblong. Fruit a berry, obovoid to obpyramidal to somewhat prismatic, 1–4-seeded, yellow to orange or red, stylar region broad with a stigmatic scar. Seed ovoid to obovoid or ellipsoid, usually surrounded by a sweet mucilaginous, transparent, yellowish to orange pulp, testa smooth to rugose or foveolate, embryo large, endosperm absent. + + + + +KEY TO THE SPECIES Of + + +HETEROPSIS + + + + + + + +1. Petiole +4 – 9 cm +long including sheath............................................................................... 16. + +H. steyermarkii + + + + +1. Petiole equal to or less than 3.0 cm long, lacking sheath.............................................................................. 2 + + + + +2. Leaf blade equal to or greater than 30.0 cm long................................................................................. 3 + + + + + +3. Leaf blade equal to or less than 3.0 cm wide....................................................................... 6. + +H. linearis + + + + +3. Leaf blade equal to or greater than 4.0 cm wide.............................................................................. 4 + + + + + +4. Leaf blade linear to oblong, leaf +5–9 cm +wide, collective vein +0.25– 0.5 mm +distant from leaf margin................ 8. + +H. macrophylla + + + + + +4. Leaf blade elliptic, leaf width +9–24 cm +, collective vein +0.95 –2.05 mm +distant from leaf margin.................................. 5 + + + + + + +5. Leaf blade less than or equal to 32.0 cm long............................................................. 11. + +H. reticulata + + + + + +5. Leaf blade greater than or equal to 35.0 cm long........................................................... 18. + +H. vasquezii + + + + + + +2. Leaf blade less than 30.0 cm long.............................................................................................. 6 + + + + + +6. Infra-marginal vein distance from margin equal to or greater than +1.3 mm +...................................................... 7 + + + + + + +7. Plant occurring in Atlantic Forest of Eastern and Northeastern +Brazil +........................................................ 8 + + + + +8. Flowering spadix +3.5 cm +long or more, 1.0 – +1.4 cm +diam, petiole margin smooth, no sinuations.................... 5. + +H. flexuosa + + + + +8. Flowering spadix up to +3.5 cm +long, up to +0.8 cm +diam, petiole margin sinuate at least towards apex......................... 9 + + + +9. Leaf blade +3.5–7 cm +wide, oblong, oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate...................................... 9. + +H. oblongifolia + + + + +9. Leaf blade 1.8–4.0 cm wide, lanceolate to oblanceolate................................................. 14. + +H. salicifolia + + + + + + + + + +7. Plant occurring elsewhere........................................................................................... 10 + + + + +10. Axillary buds acute at apex, internodes subquadrangular to quadrangular in section, leaf shortly attentuate to obtuse at base......................................................................... 11 + + + + + +11. Infra-marginal vein up to +1.6 mm +distant from margin, internodes of flowering shoot +0.18 cm +or more diam, peduncle +0.5–0.6 cm +long, spathe +3.49–3.51 cm +long.................................................. 2. + +H. croatii + + + + + +11. Infra-marginal vein 2.0 mm or more distant from margin, internodes of flowering shoot up to +0.17 cm +diam, peduncle 0.09–0.1 long, spathe +2–2.5 cm +long....................................................... 13. + +H. robusta + + + + + + +10. Axillary buds rounded at apex, internodes subcylindric to cylindric in section, leaf cuneate at base........................ 12 + + + + + +12. Spathe 2.5 – 5.0 cm long, petiole +0.5 –0.8 cm +long, leaf blade +0.22–0.28 mm +thick, internodes of flowering shoot +0.3 cm +diam, peduncle 1.0 – +1.5 cm +long, spadix 1.0– +1.5 cm +diam, spadix stipe +0.15–0.2 cm +long........... 3. + +H. duckeana + + + + + +12. Spathe 7.0 – 8.0 cm long, petiole +0.2 –0.4 cm +long, leaf blade +0.12–0.16 mm +thick, internodes of flowering shoot +0.18 cm +diam, peduncle +0.3 – 0.7 cm +long, spadix +0.7 cm +diam, spadix stipe +0.03 –0.06 cm +long......... 7. + +H. longispathacea + + + + + + + +6. Infra-marginal vein less than +1.3 mm +distant from margin................................................................... 13 + + + + + + +13. Leaf +9 cm +wide or more............................................................................................. 14 + + + + + + +14. Leaf blade linear to oblong, infra-marginal vein +0.25 – 0.5 mm +from margin................................ 8. + +H. macrophylla + + + + + +14. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, infra-marginal vein +0.95 –1.25 mm +from margin........................................... 15 + + + + + + +15. Leaf blade +22.5 cm +long or more, 9.0 cm wide or more, petiole margin smooth, no sinuations............. 11. + +H. reticulata + + + + + +15. Leaf blade up to 21.0 cm long, up to 9.0 cm wide, petiole margin sinuate at least towards apex........... 17. + +H. tenuispadix + + + + + + + +13. Leaf less than +9 cm +wide............................................................................................ 16 + + + + + + +16. Plant from Atlantic forest of Eastern and Northeastern +Brazil +............................................. 12. + +H. rigidifolia + + + + + +16. Plant from elsewhere, not Atlantic forest of +Brazil +................................................................. 17 + + + + + +17. Spadix 0.8–1.0 cm diam................................................................................... 18 + + + + +18. Leaf blade linear, axillary buds rounded to truncate at apex................................................ 19 + + + + + +19. Leaf blade 1.5 – 3.0 cm wide, axillary buds 2.0–3.0 mm long, petiole 0.3–1.0 cm long, infra-marginal vein +0.7– 0.8 mm +from margin.............................................. 6. + +H. linearis + + + + + +19. Leaf blade 5.0 – 9.0 cm wide, axillary buds 5.0–8.0 mm long, petiole 1.0–3.0 cm long, infra-marginal vein +0.25–0.5 mm +from margin......................................... 8. + +H. macrophylla + + + + + + +18. Leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate, axillary buds acute at apex........................ 20 + + + + + +20. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, internodes cylindric to subcylindric in section, petiole +0.4– 0.6 cm +long, peduncle 0.6 – 1.0 cm long, spathe white-cream, 4.0– +4.5 cm +long................................................................... 4. + +H. ecuadorensis + + + + + +20. Leaf blade lanceolate, ovate or elliptic, internodes quadrangular to subquadrangular in section, petiole +0.1–0.3 cm +long, peduncle +0.2 –0.5 cm +long, spathe yellow, +1.5 –2.8 cm +long.................................................................... 15. + +H. spruceana + + + + + + + +17. Spadix +0.3 –0.7 cm +diam................................................................................... 21 + + + + + + +21. Internodes quadrangular to subquadrangular, petiole +0.1– 0.3 cm +long, spathe +1.5– 2.8 cm +long....... 15. + +H. spruceana + + + + + +21. Internodes cylindric to subcylindric, petiole 0.3–1.0 cm long, spathe 2.0– +4.5 cm +long (unknown in + +H. reticulata +. + +).......................................................................... 22 + + + + + + +22. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, petiole +0.30– 0.31 cm +long.................................. 1. + +H. boliviana + + + + +22. Leaf blade lanceolate, ovate or elliptic, petiole 0.3–1.0 cm long......................................... 23 + + + + + +23. Peduncle +0.3 – 0.5 cm +long, leaf blade 4.0–9.0 cm wide, petiole 0.6 – 1.0 cm long, infra-marginal vein 1.0– +1.25 mm +distant from margin, spadix ellipsoid, spadix stipe +0.4– 0.7 cm +long.................................................... 17. + +H. tenuispadix + + + + + +23. Peduncle +0.07 – 0.21 cm +long, leaf blade +2.5– 4.5 cm +wide, petiole +0.3–0.7 cm +long, infra-marginal vein 0.5– 1.0 mm distant from margin, spadix cylindric, spadix stipe +0.2– 0.25 cm +long............................................................... 24 + + + + + + +24. Axillary buds acute at apex, leaf blade lanceolate, +0.13– 0.21 mm +thick, visible external marginal vein 1, peduncle +0.07–0.12 cm +long, spadix +2– 2.5 cm +long....................................................... 10. + +H. peruviana + + + + + +24. Axillary buds rounded at apex, leaf blade ovate to elliptic, +0.24–0.62 mm +thick, visible external marginal vein absent, peduncle +0.2 cm +long, spadix +1.8 cm +long......................................................... 11. + +H. reticulata + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file