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<taxonomicName id="7DB6F4AACE78027A542349BAC6AB6AF1" ID-CoL="46H8X" authority="True 1884" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">
<emphasis id="A632A05E5097B04B22F409CF7D530895" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Neofiber alleni</emphasis>
True 1884
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B9BE55D6E5C06E150872C124913B756" pageNumber="1033">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6C131E65D1B5A8123419C80AD993F" author="True" authority="True 1884" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" journal="Science" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="34" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni" title="Neofiber alleni" volume="4" year="1884">
<taxonomicName id="588A026CCEA22AE2B0AB6D050A932960" ID-CoL="46H8X" authority="True 1884" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">
<emphasis id="891A0CF8CAEA9D4822AB811DE5BA82DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Neofiber alleni</emphasis>
True 1884
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="6622B3208BC274EEDF2972D54C210FB4" author="True" journal="Science" pageNumber="1033" pagination="34" title="Neofiber alleni" volume="4" year="1884">Science, 4: 34</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="197CC2ED0B62D69431F0B9BE0B6FD85A" pageNumber="1033" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="65675F6936864F0C8C12C28918546E30" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="45C009954CD82FBC97ABCA327A77F672" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6D2A53EFD537492327B9408EBB5A4EBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286416" country="United States of America" pageNumber="1033" stateProvince="Florida">
<collectingCountry id="CF6AE822FB252CFAB179564FC6C1810C" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F521C6746932117D7F11441913A20055" country="United States of America" name="Florida">Florida</collectingRegion>
, Brevard Co., Georgiana.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="879F9463E948743B51A80CA5A24B3CF2" pageNumber="1033" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="501B2324B78B7812898A7DC9ACC955AD" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="AF8B57FC1D414E75062E4BC298BDCD74" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0B45431943CFA78B668447A1C45BDA6F" language="eng" pageNumber="1033">Round-tailed Muskrat</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1A5116B3F80D1B18DF845E91DB1A564" pageNumber="1033" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="538E280AC7C7D7FDF1D25A38DA100A17" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="81FF45494360BF311DA5B3A233F29068" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8EF27BFAF83EBCA3AA8008CA0F2395C2" authority="Schwartz 1953" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
<emphasis id="A9189BDF07387350F7B2063BE030B009" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Neofiber apalachicolae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="770B4FB498CA70B8F9C2D39E8825EF94" author="Schwartz, A." refId="ref321791" refString="Schwartz, A. 1953. A systematic study of the water rat (Neofiber alleni). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 547: 1 - 27." year="1953">Schwartz 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2396FA4CD1D91805DE11D51DBC16B8A5" authority="Schwartz 1953" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoristus">
<emphasis id="F9A2BF312F9BA7C1CFFB53A4DF1F95C2" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Neofiber exoristus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B443A2C4A354528B4833A0805C19E03D" author="Schwartz, A." refId="ref321791" refString="Schwartz, A. 1953. A systematic study of the water rat (Neofiber alleni). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 547: 1 - 27." year="1953">Schwartz 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9E88FC9F56285781E6B648610CC2268B" authority="A. H. Howell 1920" authorityName="A. H. Howell" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="708B200A907777DE49BA247463B92C54" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Neofiber nigrescens</emphasis>
A. H. Howell 1920
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="BB63F894652328AFFD8F634F505BA429" authority="Schwartz 1952" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="struix">
<emphasis id="084A46EE65225403390C19292EACED7C" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Neofiber struix</emphasis>
Schwartz 1952
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D2D93D8F9CB57EC7BBBFD4BE917699BE" pageNumber="1033" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="486E960ED840D10D90FD9B9B8FE020ED" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="D0DF79C82B8956FE67708FCFB5CD22E7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Distribution:</emphasis>
Most of peninsular Florida, extralimitally in extreme SE
<collectingCountry id="650AD6B49A29043E5F5D6277F25CB923" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="517AFC90D0653DD1D16D75CD671AFBF9" country="United States of America" name="Florida">Florida</collectingRegion>
panhandle,
<collectingCountry id="7AD93AD30BBE97690FF68E1F64A2836B" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A74A1259C9480DB271311A3232821AF" pageNumber="1033" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="A8C79BADF2CE6F35DBFE8785D11E7FFD" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="BCDD805197B540F3B56145F3591BE6C5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="6717B4FBCBCBA8D5AE2F165190992655">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (nt).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="394C0564852449B4D686E37F99DEA5B9" pageNumber="1033" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="ED8FC2D7DFA0AC2FC41CFC261D064C2F" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="43C24CB08544D1A58C37C6912DF74900" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Discussion:</emphasis>
Geographic races initially delimited by
<bibRefCitation id="0EDD3B62FF00418CA4602482C8EB118A" author="Schwartz, A." refId="ref321791" refString="Schwartz, A. 1953. A systematic study of the water rat (Neofiber alleni). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 547: 1 - 27." year="1953">Schwartz (1953)</bibRefCitation>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="04E5A57CC52EC3B66354ADBEA2398076" author="Whitaker, J. O., Jr. &amp; W. J. Hamilton, Jr." refId="ref388422" refString="Whitaker, J. O., Jr., and W. J. Hamilton, Jr. 1998. Mammals of the eastern United States. Third Edition. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 583 pp." year="1998">Whitaker and Hamilton (1998)</bibRefCitation>
recommended
<taxonomicName id="D49F111B1FF57FEF20FE5289954A8D82" authorityName="A. H. Howell" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="A472E6E68C399C8463B7E502290BD939" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="47115420BE73472F6B27861BE5FB97D3" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="struix">
<emphasis id="043ACF0365CF01CC580A8AFCA851EEBC" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">struix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms of
<emphasis id="F7557B431DA5E9DEE07B67EDD9610124" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">
N. a.
<taxonomicName id="4BC39C1E93DD80DA10FA247825D1B39F" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">alleni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="E7987A760497BBB19029B705DCCDA07D" author="Birkenholz, D. E." refId="ref32305" refString="Birkenholz, D. E. 1972. Neofiber alleni. Mammalian Species, 15: 1 - 4." year="1972">Birkenholz (1972</bibRefCitation>
, Mammalian Species, 15).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="A0638915FD7792AAFC8FE678C23A736B">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0ADB0ECEF9C87A9C0007222BC1776F18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274344" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274344" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0ADB0ECEF9C87A9C0007222BC1776F18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0ADB0ECEF9C87A9C0007222BC1776F18" lastPageNumber="602" pageNumber="602">
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<paragraph id="C4D9FE6E3D83D80B3BCA299EE0C1B469" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="FC35CA140FB852352FAF766E23004055" ID-CoL="4FYN3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34060" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanis">Pheidole titanis Wheeler</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4E575E287588F565F3BF86E9C6E3F5FA" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3BA56C4782A426FA53F1E6DFA1645D19" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="51EF39E0FC8598B380B5287959BC438C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34060" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanis">Pheidole titanis Wheeler</taxonomicName>
1903c: 95.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F21FEB627FB3430BBED8BC8E35130FD" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9EBD25C359C02B167529F14197336FBE" pageNumber="602">types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard; Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6B1DD18513109CE02E279810D60E3BC7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BB7244A7B3458346C098695E5BADE8D1" pageNumber="602">
Etymology Gr
<taxonomicName id="578A10150777D650DE2AD173ACF910A0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34060" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanis">titanis</taxonomicName>
, of a mythical race of giants.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A61276D411C1912E3D167BA497E1A66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1C663CDF1CB5BFFE595DE6AF8976AC53" pageNumber="602">
diagnosis A large member of the
<taxonomicName id="9E960563417621E8B64734AB5157D842" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
group further characterized by the following traits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5F4F465E22F6E4A444D37E9D03E41490" type="description">
<paragraph id="61E9CDA5EDE416513C64A5985BBF5211" pageNumber="602">Major: rugoreticular patch just mesad of each frontal carina and posterior to the antennal fossa; the rest of the dorsal surface of the head except for the occiput, central piece of the clypeus, and frontal triangle longitudinally carinulate; median carina present on the clypeus; carinulae cover anterior third and sides of the pronotal dorsum, part of the propodeal dorsum, sides of the petiole, and dorsum of the postpetiolar node; postpetiolar node from above diamond-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F218B4EA48BC643C6C218058158BC02E" pageNumber="602">Minor: head subrectangular in full-face view; humerus lobose in dorsal-oblique view; postpetiole bell-shaped from above. measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.94, HL 2.02, SL 0.98, EL 0.30, PW 1.10. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.92, HL 0.94, SL 0.86, EL 0.24, PW 0.60. Color Major and minor: concolorous light reddish brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C0A9183F18620760ED8B19893801026" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="125571A0819106FFA129145DE393486E" pageNumber="602">Range Western Texas, southern Arizona and Jalisco, Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A99C7DDE03DF3A2D2EFFF17D119793E" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="D9F4A63F2DBBF969ECF3DEAFEAF1E33A" pageNumber="602">
biology The species occurs in desert scrub and deciduous thorn forest, nesting under stones. As suggested by Creighton and Gregg (1955) and proved by Feener (1988),
<taxonomicName id="FA33E98B2EDE8CC243E0EA76A7326142" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34060" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanis">titanis</taxonomicName>
is primarily a specialized predator on termites. In Jalisco, Feener found the species most often attacking foraging columns of Nasutitermes, only occasionally scavenging for dead arthropods of other kinds. Scouts recruit nestmates until a raiding force of 200-2000 majors and minors are assembled, encircling the termites, whereupon each ant tries to seize individual prey, then returns to the nest along the chemical recruitment trail. Feener has provided a detailed account of both the raiding behavior of
<taxonomicName id="60C9360D82EAB13B917BF1F60D5C2669" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34060" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole titanis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanis">titanis</taxonomicName>
and their defensive maneuvers against enemies, especially parasitic phorid flies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5089E6B92C665BEA4D2085AD900E2109" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0F254FB835F27B7A5C83FBA4FF3F9403" pageNumber="602">figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. TEXAS: Chisos Mts., Brewster Co., southwestern Texas (O. W. Williams). Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.32464" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca06c2c9-21c9-4f9f-a370-a3dabdc14a59" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159244666" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1937-2426-2-129" ID-Pensoft-UUID="83B8504D4D0C5D428758A5F9174D488F" ID-ZooBank="56A86877147E4516BEDB90F4B3C4F5FF" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23F03CF8-F78F-4C70-845E-B9DE54BE8DB2" ModsDocID="1937-2426-2-129" checkinTime="1566623491643" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tan, Ming Kai, Tumbrinck, Josef, Baroga-Barbecho, Jessica B. &amp; Yap, Sheryl A." docDate="2019" docId="0ADB5665C3D95453BA20D7349F7D4C59" docLanguage="en" docName="JourOrthoptRes 28(2): 129-135" docOrigin="Journal of Orthoptera Research 28 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.32464" docTitle="Cladonotella spinulosa Tan et al., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="23F03CF8-F78F-4C70-845E-B9DE54BE8DB2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="83B8504D4D0C5D428758A5F9174D488F" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="83B8504D4D0C5D428758A5F9174D488F" masterDocTitle="A new species and morphometric analysis of Cladonotella (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1643476381771" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A new species and morphometric analysis of Cladonotella (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Tan, Ming Kai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Tumbrinck, Josef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Baroga-Barbecho, Jessica B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159244666" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23F03CF8-F78F-4C70-845E-B9DE54BE8DB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0ADB5665C3D95453BA20D7349F7D4C59" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName LSID="0adb5665-c3d9-5453-ba20-d7349f7d4c59" authority="Tan et al." class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella spinulosa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">Cladonotella spinulosa Tan et al.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Material examined.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
PHILIPPINES • 1 ♀, holotype of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. spinulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Surigao del Norte, Siargao Island, Municipality of Del Carmen, Mahayahay,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.86494" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.86494">N9.86494</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="126.03358" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.03358">E126.03358</geoCoordinate>
, 82.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
7.9 m, 17 Oct. 2018, 1019 hours, on rocky path, leg. M. K. Tan and J. B. Baroga-Barbecho, UPLBMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
The new species differs from all known species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characters: body very nodular and lobular, with dense spinules on these nodules and lobes; vertex very wide; broader scutellum width; anterior and posterior elevations, hump-shaped (in lateral view), rugose and nodulose; anterior margin of pronotum protruding anteriorly in the middle and extending beyond anterior margin of eyes; pronotum longer and extending beyond ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Comparison with congeners.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Apart from the unique characters of this species (in the diagnosis), the new species also differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella beccarii" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beccarii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella beccarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 1898) of Papua by a pronotum with two elevations (instead of one), posterior end of pronotum broader but with a narrower notch in the middle, and legs more lobular and nodular; from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella gibbosa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Haan, 1842) of Java by two distinct and clear-cut elevations on pronotum (instead of a few irregularly shaped elevations), stouter femora; from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella interrupta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 1898) of Java by posterior elevation of pronotum humped-shaped (instead of acute peaks, in lateral view); from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella riedeli" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riedeli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella riedeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumbrinck, 2014 of West Papua by lobes and nodules on body not spine-like, sulcation between anterior and posterior elevation of pronotum less deep and truncated, lateral lobe of pronotum not acute at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Holotype description.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Relatively small for the genus. Habitus as shown in
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
. Brown, well camouflaged against forest floor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Head</emphasis>
: In frontal view: Antennal groove inserted 0.2 mm below lower margin of eyes (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Fastigium convex in frontal view; curved on anterior border (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Face very rugose and with fractures (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Frontal costa stout. Bifurcation of the frontal costa in line with middle of eye (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Facial carinae with spinules, curved in frontal view (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Scutellum 1 mm wide (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Compound eyes hemispheric, not exerted above vertex, pale colored, 0.5 times wider than tall. Lateral ocelli just above facial carinae and slightly above antennal groove (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Margins of clypeal triangle with spinules (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). In dorsal view: apex of fastigium surpasses frontal margin of eyes, emarginated in the middle (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Vertex very wide (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), 4.6 times wider than eye width. Lateral carinae of fastigium not distinct; median carina like a rounded horn (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Lateral ocellus between apex of fastigium and antennal groove (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), located posterior of fascial carina. In lateral view: frontal costa arched and protruding in front of eyes. Gena with spinules. Mouthparts yellowish. Maxillary palps elongated, with apical (fifth) segment longest, following by third segment; subapical (fourth) segment shorter than both apical and third segments (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Fig. 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Fig. 3. Habitus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella spinulosa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</emphasis>
holotype in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A.</emphasis>
Lateral and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Pronotum</emphasis>
: Pronotum, surpassing ovipositor, 2.1 times longer than wide (pronotal lateral lobe width). In lateral view: With anterior and posterior elevations, hump-shaped, rugose and nodulose (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); nodules covered with yellow spinules; sulcation between elevations wide but shallow (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Anterior elevation 3.8 mm tall (measured from pronotal lateral lobe width to peak); with lateral margins straight (not tapering or broadening) dorsally in frontal view. Anterior margin of pronotal disc protruding anteriorly in the middle, surpassing anterior margin of eyes as a frontal horn (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Infrascapular area broad (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). In dorsal view: median carina distinct throughout length of pronotum, with large nodules along the carina, nodules with yellow spinules (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Second elevation of pronotal disc yellow around the peak. Lateral carinae with large nodules with yellow spinules. Interhumeral carina not distinct. Lateral lobe of pronotum with apex rounded (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Apical end of pronotal disc truncated, narrowly and shallowly notched in the middle (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype in A. Lateral and B. Dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328070" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Legs</emphasis>
: Coxae, trochanters, and femora with lobes and nodules, all with yellow spinules. Anterior and middle legs: anterior and middle femora stout (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
). Anterior femur with three and two lobes along dorsal and ventral margins, three nodules in the external area (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
); middle femur with three and two lobes along dorsal and ventral margins, four nodules in the external area (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Anterior and middle tibiae with stout spinules. Posterior legs: posterior femur about 2.1 times longer than wide, about 1.2 times longer than posterior tibia; with five lobes along dorsal margin, apical one large; with two nodules on dorsal of external area, anterior one larger than posterior one; one large nodule in the middle of the external area; with two lobes along ventral margin, less protruding than dorsal ones (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4F, G</figureCitation>
). Knee of posterior femur with yellow spinules along margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
); both genicular tooth and antegenicular tooth rounded with yellow spinules (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Posterior tibia dark near the knee, following by a pale ring (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
); with large dorsal spines, five on each lateral margin; with many yellow spinules between these dorsal large spines. Basal article of posterior tarsus 1.6 times longer than apical article; middle article very short (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Fig. 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Fig. 4.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella spinulosa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</emphasis>
holotype:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A.</emphasis>
Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B.</emphasis>
Head in dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C.</emphasis>
Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D.</emphasis>
Anterior and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">E.</emphasis>
Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">F.</emphasis>
Lateral (posterior part) and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G.</emphasis>
Dorsal views;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">H.</emphasis>
Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">I.</emphasis>
Abdominal apex in lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">J.</emphasis>
Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Tergites and sternites typically with many spinules. Epiproct with spinules. Ovipositor with yellow spinules along lateral area, especially on dorsal valve; dorsal and ventral valves with hairs along dorsal and ventral margin, denser along dorsal margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Dorsal valve with six dorsal spines, apex acute; ventral valve with five ventral spines, apex also acute but more hooked than dorsal apex; spines on valves increasing larger and robust apically (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Apices of ovipositor valves red brown (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate with many yellow spinules, denser laterally; about as long as wide, taper slightly after basal third, apex truncated (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. holotype: A. Face and anterior part of pronotum in frontal view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Mouthparts in ventro-frontal view; D. Anterior and E. Middle femora in lateral views. Posterior femur in F. Lateral (posterior part) and G. Dorsal views; H. Posterior tibia and tarsus in lateral view; I. Abdominal apex in lateral view; J. Subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328071" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Measurements.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">(In mm). BL = 10.3, VW = 1.7, EW = 0.4, SW = 1.0, posAG = 0.2, PL = 10.2, PLW = 4.9, PAW = 1.8, PPW = 1.4, PH = 3.8, AFL = 2.1, AFW = 0.9, MFL = 2.5, MFW = 1.0, PFL = 5.3, PFW = 2.6, PTL = 4.4, bHTL = 0.9, aHTL = 0.6, ODL = 1.5, OVL = 1.4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Habitats.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
The holotype was found on a rocky path within hilly areas of over-limestone forest not too far from the coast (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Fig. 5. Over-limestone forest in Siargao Island, the habitat of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. The blue arrow indicates the location where the specimen was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328072" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The rocks on the path were probably limestone and were covered with wet leaf litter and dead branches. Limestone on the surface was also covered with wet mosses. This suggests that the pygmy grasshoppers probably prefer wet microhabitats, as is the case for other Southeast Asian tetrigids (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14551" author="Tan, MK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Orthoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="73 - 80" refId="B17" refString="Tan, MK, Yeo, H, Hwang, WS, 2017a. Ground dwelling pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) in Southeast Asia tropical freshwater swamp forest prefer wet microhabitats. . Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 73 - 80" title="Ground dwelling pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) in Southeast Asia tropical freshwater swamp forest prefer wet microhabitats." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14551" volume="26" year="2017 a">Tan et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
). The forest on the hill (background of
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Fig. 5. Over-limestone forest in Siargao Island, the habitat of Cladonotella spinulosa sp. nov. The blue arrow indicates the location where the specimen was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328072" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) is bordered by banana and coconut trees.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.28.32464.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328072" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Fig. 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Fig. 5. Over-limestone forest in Siargao Island, the habitat of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladonotella spinulosa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Cladonotella spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</emphasis>
The blue arrow indicates the location where the specimen was collected.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Etymology.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">This species name refers to the many spinules all around the body and is Latin female gender adjective in nominative.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName LSID="0ADB892A-2C29-546F-967F-15434FACC0D9" authority="Soomro &amp; Mangi &amp; Panhwer &amp; Jatoi &amp; Khuhro &amp; Khokhar &amp; Khan &amp; Mengal &amp; Shaikh, 2021" authorityName="Soomro &amp; Mangi &amp; Panhwer &amp; Jatoi &amp; Khuhro &amp; Khokhar &amp; Khan &amp; Mengal &amp; Shaikh" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Atalantioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atalantioxylon thanobolensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thanobolensis" status="sp. nov.">Atalantioxylon thanobolensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Wood diffuse porous, growth ring present, demarcated by a line of terminal parenchyma, vessels small to medium in size, tangential diameter 45-134
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, radial diameter 67-180
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, solitary and in radial multiples of 2-5 evenly distributed over 24-30 mm2. Vessel members 150-400
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long with simple oblique perforation. Intervessel pit pairs about 3-5µm in diameter, bordered alternate, circular to oval in shape. Parenchyma terminal, paratracheal parenchyma sparse. Xylem rays 1-3 (mostly 2) seriate 8-34 cells, 80-550
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in height, distributed over 5-7 mm2. Ray tissue homogeneous, with only procumbent cells. Fibers moderately thick-walled with lumen 15-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, polygonal in cross-section, non-septate, 450-660
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The specimen was given the name &quot;TB 35&quot; (holotype shown in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Atalantioxylon thanobolensis sp. nov. Plate 1 - 01: Macrograph of the fossil wood TB 35. Plate 1 - 02: Cross section showing general distribution of vessels and parenchyma (x 40). Plate 1 - 03: Cross section showing general distribution of vessels and parenchyma. (x 100). Plate 1 - 04: Cross section showing details of vessels and parenchyma. (x 200)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
). It consists of silicified wood collected 10 km south-west of Thano Bula Khan, by the first author.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Soomro &amp; Mangi &amp; Panhwer &amp; Jatoi &amp; Khuhro &amp; Khokhar &amp; Khan &amp; Mengal &amp; Shaikh" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Atalantioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atalantioxylon thanobolensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thanobolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Atalantioxylon thanobolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Plate 1-01: Macrograph of the fossil wood TB 35. Plate 1-02: Cross section showing general distribution of vessels and parenchyma (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
40). Plate 1-03: Cross section showing general distribution of vessels and parenchyma. (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100). Plate 1-04: Cross section showing details of vessels and parenchyma. (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
200).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="horizon">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Manchar Formation. Age: Pliocene to Upper Miocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphological description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The present fossil was anatomically identified from a well-preserved secondary wood sample measuring 20 cm in length and 4.5 cm in width. The color of the fossilized wood is light brown with shine indicating deposition of silicates.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="anatomical analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomical analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Cross section. Wood diffuse porous, growth ring present, demarcated by a line of terminal parenchyma vessels small to medium in size, solitary and mostly in radial multiples of 2-5, mostly evenly distributed but in some places showing crowding at the beginning of the growth ring, circular to oval when solitary, sometimes elliptical due to pressure during fossilization. Tylosis present, parenchyma paratracheal, terminal, and apotracheal; the latter diffuse, while paratracheal parenchyma is sparse, present as few cells around some of the vessels; terminal parenchyma forms 2-3 seriate continuous lines demarcating the growth rings; diffuse parenchyma very sparse, difficult to locate in cross section, fibers thick-walled and non-septate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Atalantioxylon thanobolensis sp. nov. Plate 1 - 01: Macrograph of the fossil wood TB 35. Plate 1 - 02: Cross section showing general distribution of vessels and parenchyma (x 40). Plate 1 - 03: Cross section showing general distribution of vessels and parenchyma. (x 100). Plate 1 - 04: Cross section showing details of vessels and parenchyma. (x 200)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="tangential longitudinal section">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tangential longitudinal section.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vessels evenly distributed, 170-390
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long with oblique ends and 73-273
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. Perforation simple intervessel pit pairs about 3-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diameter, bordered alternate circular to oval in shape. Xylem rays small to medium 1-3 (mostly 2) seriate 5-7 mm2, 8-34 cells, 80 -550
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in height, separated by rows of fibers. Ray cells polygonal in tangential section often with dark content ray tissue, homogenous made up of procumbent cells; fibers elongated, non-septate, 15-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, 450-630
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Atalantioxylon thanobolensis sp. nov. Plate 2 - 05 Tangential section showing general distribution of xylem rays and fibers (x 40). Plate 2 - 06 Tangential section showing general distribution of xylem rays and fibers (x 100). Plate 2 - 07 Tangential section showing details of xylem rays (x 400). Plate 2 - 08 Tangential section showing general distribution of xylem rays and fibers (x 200)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Soomro &amp; Mangi &amp; Panhwer &amp; Jatoi &amp; Khuhro &amp; Khokhar &amp; Khan &amp; Mengal &amp; Shaikh" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Atalantioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atalantioxylon thanobolensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thanobolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Atalantioxylon thanobolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Plate 2-05 Tangential section showing general distribution of xylem rays and fibers (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
40). Plate 2-06 Tangential section showing general distribution of xylem rays and fibers (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100). Plate 2-07 Tangential section showing details of xylem rays (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
400). Plate 2-08 Tangential section showing general distribution of xylem rays and fibers (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
200).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="radial longitudinal section">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radial longitudinal section.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vessel segments elongated with oblique end, length of the vessel members, 175-395
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, width 84-275
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, vessel walls 10-12
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. Intervessel pit pairs about 4-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, bordered alternate, circular to oval in shape. Parenchyma cells attached to the vessels 20-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter and 45-60
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in length. Xylem ray cells 8-34, 80-556
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Atalantioxylon thanobolensis sp. nov. Plate 3 - 09 Radial longitudinal section showing arrangement of fibers (x 40). Plate 3 - 10 Radial longitudinal section showing arrangement of fibers (x 40). Plate 3 - 11 Radial longitudinal section showing vessel end-walls and pits (x 200). Plate 3 - 12 Radial longitudinal section showing pits on wall of vessels (x 100)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60344.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Soomro &amp; Mangi &amp; Panhwer &amp; Jatoi &amp; Khuhro &amp; Khokhar &amp; Khan &amp; Mengal &amp; Shaikh" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Atalantioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atalantioxylon thanobolensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thanobolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Atalantioxylon thanobolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Plate 3-09 Radial longitudinal section showing arrangement of fibers (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
40). Plate 3-10 Radial longitudinal section showing arrangement of fibers (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
40). Plate 3-11 Radial longitudinal section showing vessel end-walls and pits (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
200). Plate 3-12 Radial longitudinal section showing pits on wall of vessels (
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Morphological re-description and molecular identification of Tabanidae (Diptera) in East Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Mugasa, Claire M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya &amp; School of Biosecurity Biotechnical Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University Kampala, Uganda</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Villinger, Jandouwe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Gitau, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ndungu, Nelly</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya &amp; Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Marc Ciosi,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Masiga, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0ADBBAC5D3FA748D46FF7DFA3499DEF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0ADBBAC5D3FA748D46FF7DFA3499DEF4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName authority="Fabricus, 1775" authorityName="Fabricus" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Ancala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancala fasciata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">Ancala fasciata Fabricus, 1775</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Whole tabanid flies. A Ancala fasciata, discal cell (dc) B Tabanus thoracinus, discal cell (dc), haltare (ht) C Tabanus donaldsoni, distinct R 4 appendix (px) D Tabanus taeniola, median stripe (ms), parafacial hair (pf), antennae (at), labellum (lbl), palpus (lp) E Tabanus taeniola variatus, medial triangles (mt), peri-median bands (pm) F Tabanus gratus, haltares (ht), comma shaped shades (cm) G Tabanus guineensis H Atylotus nigromaculatus, eyes with thin black horizontal line (hl) I Atylotus diurnus, haltares (ht), wing with indistinct appendix (px) J Haematopota duttoni K Haematopota fenestralis, double white streak (ds) L Chrysops distinctipennis, hair tufts (hf), bifurcating band (bf)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.769.21144.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212725" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="location">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Location.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Shores of Lake Victoria, Uganda</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="descriprion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Descriprion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Head. Head as wide as thorax (Suppl. material 2: Figure S1A). Eyes shiny green (in freshly collected specimen), turn black after preservation in ethanol. Eyes separated by narrow brown frons with brown and black short hair. Callus (cs) brown, wide basally and tapering posteriorly to form a spindle-shaped upper callus, reaching midway frons. Scar-like callus at posterior end of frons (Suppl. material 2: Figure S1B). Antennae brown, first antennal segment (scape) is yellowish golden-brown with predominantly white hair and few black hairs that appear as a thorn-like anterior projection as on second segment. Third segment (flagellum) brown, relatively wide, with small white hair and four dark brown annulations. Second segment of the palpus is yellowish white with white recumbent hair, interspersed with few black hairs. Palpus with black tip and black labellum (Suppl. material 2: Figure S1C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
Thorax. Thorax brown with brownish-black patterns and black and golden-brown hair, with light brown median stripe that runs down to posterior end of the mesonotum. Median sublateral stripes (st) light brown; may be obscured and only reach half way of mesonotum. Scutellum yellowish and brown shades (brown with yellow postero-lateral border) with white and black hair. Prominent white hair tuft (hf) below postalar callus at base of wing (Suppl. material 2: Figure S1D). Halteres whitish yellow with a yellow stalk. Wing with typical basicosta and costa covered with short black hair with a longitudinal hairless groove. Wing with brown longitudinal cross band that runs up to discal cell and does not reach hind margin. The discal cell (dc) brown (Suppl. material 2: Figure S1A). Fore tibia differs in the species,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“swollen”">&quot;swollen&quot;</normalizedToken>
and black with black hair (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Key morphological features of sampled tabanid species. A Ancala fasciata B Tabanus donaldsoni green eyes (in fresh sample) C Tabanus donaldsoni, wing with distinct R 4 appendix (px), indistict hair tuft (hf) D Atylotus nigromaculatus, wing with short, clear appendix on R 4 E Haematopota duttoni, mottled wing with a right angled white thick line (in black circle) between vein A 1 and the wing margin, the R 4 has a long appendix F Haematopota fenestralis, shiny black callus on frons, eyes have bright coloured bands G Chrysops brucei, lateral view of head showing the antenna, black mouth parts and brown legs (partial)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.769.21144.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/212726" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">4A</figureCitation>
; Suppl. material 2: Figure S1E). Fore femur is brown with black and white hair, tarsus black with black hair. Hind tibia brown with a darker shade distally and lighter basally. Distally hair predominantly black with few white hair, proximal more white hair. Hind femur brownish yellow or golden yellow with white hair, tarsus dark brown with black hair. Middle leg same as hind leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Abdomen. Abdomen yellow with yellow and black hair. Seventh segment pointed (Suppl. material 2: Figure S1A). Ventral surface yellow with yellow hair except on last segment with white and black hair.</paragraph>
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