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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshimoto" authorityYear="1975" family="Baeomorphidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeomorphinae">Baeomorphinae</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="0A246D162A8C93E201B774D2E9F022E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="FC22882BDA7B5B6C81DCD50278406DBB" authorityName="Yoshimoto" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Baeomorphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeomorphinae">Baeomorphinae</taxonomicName>
Yoshimoto, 1975. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baeomorphidae" genus="Baeomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baeomorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baeomorpha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="05C712005F0A4A79623F6AD26211CF9D" class="Insecta" family="Baeomorphidae" genus="Baeomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baeomorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baeomorpha</taxonomicName>
Brues, 1937. Synonymized with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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&amp; Noyes, 1987 (and inferred synonymy with
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) by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" author="Gumovsky, A" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="286 - 322" refId="B28" refString="Gumovsky, A, Perkovsky, E, Rasnitsyn, A, 2018. Laurasian ancestors and &quot;Gondwanan&quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research 84: 286 - 322, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" title="Laurasian ancestors and &quot; Gondwanan &quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" volume="84" year="2018">Gumovsky et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BB06BD2F2F5BE45B9904E402B55D43F2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" author="Gumovsky, A" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="286 - 322" refId="B28" refString="Gumovsky, A, Perkovsky, E, Rasnitsyn, A, 2018. Laurasian ancestors and &quot;Gondwanan&quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research 84: 286 - 322, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" title="Laurasian ancestors and &quot; Gondwanan &quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" volume="84" year="2018">Gumovsky et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph id="4A383CCA54FCFAA73C7D91F0A4397B57" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D965229DB8FCB5117B00CEEDE1B02816" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
The family group name
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<taxonomicName id="21CBAC7F77E5CB1C8497ACDAAB4746BC" authorityName="Yoshimoto" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Baeomorphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeomorphinae">Baeomorphinae</taxonomicName>
was established by Yoshimoto (1975).
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<taxonomicName id="C032448E637042717EE984B4922C77F2" authorityName="Boucek &amp; Noyes" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Rotoitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rotoitidae</taxonomicName>
was established by
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="29E487459E3AC0B7AA60EC4DF195C04E" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
and Noyes (1987). When the two groups were synonymized by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" author="Gumovsky, A" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="286 - 322" refId="B28" refString="Gumovsky, A, Perkovsky, E, Rasnitsyn, A, 2018. Laurasian ancestors and &quot;Gondwanan&quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research 84: 286 - 322, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" title="Laurasian ancestors and &quot; Gondwanan &quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" volume="84" year="2018">Gumovsky et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0684630D557D01C1A3C6D1E44FDC76E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" author="Gumovsky, A" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="286 - 322" refId="B28" refString="Gumovsky, A, Perkovsky, E, Rasnitsyn, A, 2018. Laurasian ancestors and &quot;Gondwanan&quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research 84: 286 - 322, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" title="Laurasian ancestors and &quot; Gondwanan &quot; descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027" volume="84" year="2018">Gumovsky et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, they invoked article 35.5 of the ICZN to conserve the family name
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<taxonomicName id="3EED14D4636ED90BD0BABD794A6033B1" authorityName="Boucek &amp; Noyes" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Rotoitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rotoitidae</taxonomicName>
. However, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshimoto" authorityYear="1975" family="Baeomorphidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeomorphinae">Baeomorphinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9E8D25B4315303DED5FF792292DAB145" authorityName="Yoshimoto" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Baeomorphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeomorphinae">Baeomorphinae</taxonomicName>
cannot be recognized as a subfamily independent of a
<taxonomicName family="Baeomorphidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rotoitinae">Rotoitinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F969BDB6250A7C8DD26FDC537384BE1C" class="Insecta" family="Baeomorphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rotoitinae">Rotoitinae</taxonomicName>
, the family name must be treated with priority and
<taxonomicName family="Baeomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Baeomorphidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C1F720069052EFCA2379251F1D3BB880" family="Baeomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Baeomorphidae</taxonomicName>
recognized over
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek &amp; Noyes" authorityYear="1987" family="Rotoitidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Rotoitidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="012DCCE14E3F694314BDC4C84E422292" authorityName="Boucek &amp; Noyes" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Rotoitidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rotoitidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<treatment id="BACC784001BC5F40AFF5FC5441F55969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206461144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BACC784001BC5F40AFF5FC5441F55969" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BACC784001BC5F40AFF5FC5441F55969" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Systasidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
<subSubSection id="15184118E15C79DBC8D2DB28F2226EC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6BBC1B618784B61343AAD2E32DC466D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="C72328EFCB7AAFEB3704DE48B0F792C9" LSID="BACC7840-01BC-5F40-AFF5-FC5441F55969" authority="incertae sedis new status, new placement" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keryinae">Keryinae incertae sedis new status, new placement</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Keryini">Keryini</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<subSubSection id="BD854EC85F06A29B7185BED061373C3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C4C8BFB50341F2AE92AAF8FDD0009856" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EC1FCA6BD3801A64819B9CEBE99B1137" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Keryini">Keryini</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="80A3097916CAB0CFA32A2A2433366F26" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1988. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kerya</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="6D271FDB2CDBA8D260FDA229677746BA" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kerya</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="9C1D13AB5127AF1EAFC936ECB3EF20F6" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1988.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="E440A2C961580D17AAA5AD1B5E7530A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="29A10ABE253A425C422E032F7EDB4419" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21CE89E7E48FDC9C0DF52BC2BA057B26" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna with 10 flagellomeres, including a single anellus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3E03966A8ECAB59957252095386E0D24" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</figureCitation>
). Clypeus with lateral sulci but without a dorsal sulcus; ventral margin protruding and slightly convex but not bilobed (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C23F989ADC3B1446EF074C12C8D35B35" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</figureCitation>
). Toruli slightly above center of face, immediately below a forked sulcus that exposes conjunctiva. Trabeculae absent (although sulcus present in middle of upper face). Notauli complete, incised. Frenum present, indicated by a complete frenal sulcus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0D9CE598EB7C6E4240B54911FD604A71" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</figureCitation>
). Axillular sulcus present. Acropleuron not enlarged (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="72D9D9DE6025C00E00C29CF051B066EE" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</figureCitation>
). Fore wing densely setose, without speculum; basal fold pigmented. Legs with 4 tarsomeres on all legs; protibial spur short and straight. Cerci surrounded by conjunctiva.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 67–72" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 67-72.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">67-69</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Idioporidae" genus="Heydenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heydenia longicollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heydenia longicollis</emphasis>
<caption id="450C2166D63EF5E8D1B524A4E2D02242" doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 67–72" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="469CF148527FBD97C5585823A39A50DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="34C5CA1CDC8DC61F27F90CFB7DC510D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 67-72.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94847E2BBD3A10784B831B4BC778D5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">67-69</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6A5457886CECDA6A2E4C6B45F8074187" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Idioporidae" genus="Heydenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heydenia longicollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis">
<emphasis id="9B669221B619C1E73FCFB67CEC008648" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heydenia longicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cameron) (
<taxonomicName family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="54EA91B9A083EEB40AB6F40DF026E3DD" family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">67</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9A0F9068A34CE5B52067C9936ABCF2F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">67</emphasis>
mesosoma dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">68</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2228EAB6B4ED1296DAF517465F9416D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">68</emphasis>
mesosoma lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">69</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7C3CD0008D396853922CD154EF6915FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">69</emphasis>
fore leg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70, 71</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Kerya antennalis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DF55E8A400501DB59077379F77664CA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70, 71</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9C6438E8DA72A48AC1584E0C0CB9AA7" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis id="BC85AA056132A193824537D74ACEC3C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Kerya antennalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="24653E49FBAFE339BA83BD733C9D330C" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keryinae">Keryinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2C35EC89D45A3D63E1EBA424EA0511C9" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keryinae">Keryinae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="907B47FFB95B245E9AF1F0CB1CA55490" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7E2F53D9C8D251BD8B89B56C2373B987" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</emphasis>
head frontal view and antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2DCBC55981463876627F9B1F9835A580" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</emphasis>
mesosoma lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">72</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Pirenidae" genus="Callimomoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callimomoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Callimomoides</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BFC467E829610B4F47517C5CAD4B2555" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">72</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E6B349CD1B414670A4539E69C865BE26" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Pirenidae" genus="Callimomoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callimomoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D88CC9858AD1600C99F9B03FEAF8578" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Callimomoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Louriciinae">Louriciinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0124F518976892B920BD7875B46D8624" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Louriciinae">Louriciinae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B40478D4A8CCE00B0CBE356DF141A0F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
): head frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="FA3EF157FA5127A4EFD4E89D294CA37A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A00FEDA66696F36508DC1E8372118D22" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F2D617B2C1242192205495054C9FF4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
The combination of having just 4 tarsomeres on all legs, 10 flagellomeres, and a frenum, together with a lack of trabeculae, makes
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Kerya antennalis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BCF88E0BFDDD4B6CD0A28208E53E3836" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis id="6566822D1A75FF13070FB0DE1AE4E245" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Kerya antennalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="67B2F101EA7E48B8530DCC21D26EB0A2" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
distinct from all other chalcidoids. It was once placed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eulophinae">Eulophinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EC67003E6AC59B570AC91A146AB95EA7" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eulophinae">Eulophinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B6" refString="Boucek, Z, 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="AA953EE36E237F11F020A2875D22E438" author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B6" refString="Boucek, Z, 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
<normalizedToken id="E0494845F7D9DA91D5EF30BE18BB648D" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
), although analysis of 28S D2 ribosomal DNA indicated that it is not a eulophid and it was moved to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ormocerinae">Ormocerinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4D998215A2A1391ECCCC9E71EF37F629" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ormocerinae">Ormocerinae</taxonomicName>
based on the placement of the toruli and the arched body (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" author="Gauthier, N" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="521 - 539" refId="B18" refString="Gauthier, N, LaSalle, J, Quicke, DLJ, Godfray, HCJ, 2000. Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids. Systematic Entomology 25: 521 - 539, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" title="Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" volume="25" year="2000">Gauthier, et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3ECDC91FA9C5B16C501B659D8B19B14C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" author="Gauthier, N" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="521 - 539" refId="B18" refString="Gauthier, N, LaSalle, J, Quicke, DLJ, Godfray, HCJ, 2000. Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids. Systematic Entomology 25: 521 - 539, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" title="Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" volume="25" year="2000">Gauthier, et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed some
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="98C20339A9B8CAF70129A085DE680982" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
resemble
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K. antennalis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46F8A4FBE60FC1E1CBB99637F15C252F" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis id="BFA38D0239B472CD5816DCC96AD238B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K. antennalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in body shape, color, and smooth surface sculpture, but they have 11 or more flagellomeres, a bilobed clypeal margin, 5 tarsomeres, a stout and curved protibial spur, cerci surrounded by cuticle, no axillular sulcus, and no forked sulcus on the face.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="61F41C8C1D5AD8E98879219A7C3827A9" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
and some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CE34A27D2CFE0CC5CD08235668F71D3C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
also have 4 tarsomeres and are relatively generalized (unlike
<taxonomicName family="Calesidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Calesidae</taxonomicName>
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and
<taxonomicName family="Idioporidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Idioporidae</taxonomicName>
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), but have fewer flagellomeres and no frenum. Given the strong differences between
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K. antennalis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1DAC7AC666544A4BC80CC646AB4C1DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K. antennalis</emphasis>
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and all the taxa with which it has been previously placed, and because it has not been analyzed using next-generation molecular data,
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Keryini">Keryini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4CCE0CFE1DF1B495223F343729A898E1" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Keryini">Keryini</taxonomicName>
is here elevated to subfamily status and placed as
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9E3A649FFC64813AFA324B2B81CC2188" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A7220D6AA0CE409962113C239E762449" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

450
data/BA/DF/1B/BADF1B012EF757D3A6BAF2DA083761DA.xml
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@ -1,358 +1,358 @@
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<mods:namePart>Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F472B2D048FBB3F6215BF78C658B6ECB">Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C32B517E1498552FA1733BE6082604D">CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A0FAD58-8AD8-45CC-8D4A-604E93E79416" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BADF1B012EF757D3A6BAF2DA083761DA" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<treatment id="BADF1B012EF757D3A6BAF2DA083761DA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206461107" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A0FAD58-8AD8-45CC-8D4A-604E93E79416" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BADF1B012EF757D3A6BAF2DA083761DA" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Eulophidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
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<paragraph id="5306217EDA7179ADF17C29F24958A2DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type genus">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="8DDE23107E3E66BE2974B1C120D8DA32" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type genus">
<paragraph id="0E031620C422235872A34264F3B0AFE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89292C7BA3F39E01DE56C981AC88548B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="472B9E395D8569BB9DA6319E1F4D1161" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="129D26D68F4ECAAF2695417D5CB255AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
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Ratzeburg, 1852.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph id="14008E4D4DA2D968B7C55742AC5C0A84" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E70AA3A3E4D5FDF4F3BFFB56376FCC6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antennal flagellum with 9 flagellomeres, clava undivided. Eyes ventrally divergent. Clypeus with truncate apical margin. Labrum subquadrate, exposed. Subforaminal bridge with median area flanked by elongate posterior tentorial attachments; postgenal bridge externally separates the lower tentorial bridge from the hypostomal carina; postgenal groove and postgenal lamina absent. Anterolateral mesoscutal corners projecting shoulder-like on either side of the pronotum (a feature shared with
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B58483E5FE8DF329643524319DCF5804" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C56D4823CF28A22A11DF0209D3A2BA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
). Notauli superficial and convergent, and except for
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="2334649AF07CCA46A60735F32D4EDF1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
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, ending about halfway across mesoscutum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 109–114" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures109-114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781082" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">112</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0AD10666B0B5AF4CF91D52744DFF40F1" captionStart="Figures 109–114" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures109-114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781082" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">112</figureCitation>
). Axilla approximated (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F671FA93BE48DCB4BFF553E3A239881E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
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Gibson and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Paraeusandalum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3906BBBAE84FBB004BBFE629B99BB153" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Paraeusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraeusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FF09043CA1E3FF30A089AA740ECA6D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Paraeusandalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gibson) or widely separated (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="94601B3304D64F981725FC190B06E11B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ratzeburg,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8B508A07F5732B6A675CBE9DFBA136EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gibson and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Pentacladia</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="BA891E04A6387F9D43F4C280F4540815" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Pentacladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Westwood) medially. Axillular groove or carina absent. Frenum absent. Acropleuron expanded and forming the largest surface of the mesopleuron, either comparatively small and not reaching metapleuron and metacoxa (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="839FD9FEF4D64143DD25A7A475C4112C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D0012DD9138445DA5E5318C33123B76" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC5F3751857138D5CCBE350592CCD2B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or occupying most of the visible part of the mesopleuron and extending to the metapleuron (the other three genera). All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal; ventral membranous area anterior to mesocoxal attachment present; mesotibial spur stout except only slightly thickened in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1924D5CCCB91F9A6547EF73175995D31" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3BC9880A19B3D2BD3A986A4229E4D27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fore leg with protibial dorsal spicules (except in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="4921B07A3A93F281E0A9F99BC8AAC0FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Mesotarsus almost never with row of pegs along both sides, the exception being
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDD535BFA7E99AD3D21F5518D07C9543" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="284BCCA7CC648A6EFEC5B98413271FBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: with spine-like setae on both antero- and posteroventral margins (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F59D4CEA90FBB3F0E512A6E6A5A3C504" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A01A9F31FDBC62DEB2303560B3870FFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a row of pegs on posteroventral margin and a row of spine-like setae along anteroventral margin (remaining three genera). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEEB13A95AC5C122F66B1D42C5CEFD4B" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E6FBCE368E827B7A8AAF9DA3AE4AD35C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are robust spines on both margins that almost appear as pegs. Metasoma in females with separate Mt8 and Mt9, hence without syntergum (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="17259A1C1640D1CD674CB51C02035E9A" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3C52BCE759A8A194ACDE02651D90343" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or with Mt8 and Mt9 fused but delimited by a transverse suture between cerci (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5425899D0701B20F096F1295B6BED217" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BE451216F4570010F352621CCE70F607" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or below each cercus (remaining genera; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 109–114" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures109-114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781082" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">113</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7ED1EDB1E47693864AD2FB416B41B35F" captionStart="Figures 109–114" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures109-114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781082" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">113</figureCitation>
). Sexual dimorphism reduced, limited mainly to primary sexual features and antennal structure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="E7C08134E6323CF0EC5F80318D0E91C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A2FF0C16DB6C51DDFE92B6E19FE9379" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="908288639BC5D92E195670EC8F4AAC78" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="0651D7E96760FC407359753B0CB3FC2C" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
new subfamily were treated until now as part of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0E1224C06EB92BFB485EE2B72697F130" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
, however in next-generation molecular analyses (Cruaud et al., submitted) they were never recovered as monophyletic with the other
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1E018E269F16CA674CBF0786BA77F6F2" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
. Instead, a reduced group of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="48D3124DAA6B7458CC854AFF623888E7" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
that includes
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balcha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Balcha</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="72FB831991A5FCDEC2F3A624A75C5005" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balcha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="024ED6F375FF2C70C0722FB6F8BD0C74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Balcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Calosota</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3D084B39F4DEB01161B17303B69FD115" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CECDC2C78F282A01D69CA68E4E6060C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Calosota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curtis and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Tanythorax" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanythorax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tanythorax</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="155ECEC62BABAFADC4F9CEEF88F5F644" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Tanythorax" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanythorax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CF118F543A9B7C6CD38E369D7358CE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tanythorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gibson (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7E8B129287CE4A380C968D17735940FA" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="08BE18C0EE06B08A9C871CE1C929A36F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
) are sister to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Idioporidae" genus="Heydenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heydenia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heydenia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87B3B88E53FF94127E529A45BB81E62C" class="Insecta" family="Idioporidae" genus="Heydenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heydenia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AA408DD7DF52AC41462D11ED97D2CA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heydenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0FEFD463A3699CA064E76C2F33525813" family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
) in all final analyses and closer to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C47102A61C41F29AB7FB044A17FA550F" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B86C544514BA00036FAC63BCA9BF1CD8" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EDFE0DF1C7CBC55A596289D6B12F26D3" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
are part of the same large clade containing also the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BAF7690E23605F489EFB31BE84615FFA" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1C95B15AC7339A29A93484032320FFE1" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
, but the three
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C34F5443A542B061B65BA12EEAF0E1CA" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
subfamilies never form a monophyletic group since the clade also includes
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ditropinotellinae">Ditropinotellinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DFA2B6F3F4F3908ABE472A41A4038ECF" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ditropinotellinae">Ditropinotellinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F8DDE81169CF48767C892C2FE8086622" family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Solenurinae">Solenurinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56FA8237DEEC7203B9F1134123E5905C" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Solenurinae">Solenurinae</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C86C5417E7F7BEC12E498B77B550AAE4" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
are the basal group. Beside the three genera included in these molecular analyses (Cruaud et al., submitted) we also include in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CD08A35AF8E4FF75935972DBE54E586A" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B3E4711FAB98767FA13F2B1B20879C0E" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED61F2F15394465C23542BEC0982372" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C4B7CE37E598F14B7D97AA23E9FDF926" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4C8D8DC2D61463912738B52F3C9F8AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a UCE analysis with a larger sampling (unpublished data). A possibly biphyletic
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu lato</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D817F654977F39C7A3F21592B5FB581B" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CB21B7DFF4A985F95A32F4967B0BD0CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu lato</emphasis>
was also recognised by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B19" refString="Gibson, GAP, 1989. Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149: 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" title="Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" volume="149" year="1989">Gibson (1989)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2156B66BDC22EB8DF73078703648F380" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B19" refString="Gibson, GAP, 1989. Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149: 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" title="Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" volume="149" year="1989">Gibson (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, however with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A994805E94AF5F22DCFC1C2FA169E94A" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Licrooides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Licrooides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50A84BBA05C8DB6B0A62556EE25F41FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Licrooides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hypothesized as closer to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Calosota</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4A73DFB33B5F20453AADAC340ACD0BC7" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3486F5C391923A8F03506E6058B3431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Calosota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and allied genera and not to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAA7880EA903E92B9032ECFE6DCE7918" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eusandalum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusandalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4B49E09397EF7200FE85560BE3478658" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eusandalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11B5CE23D81ACC28429828C62AE7CE64" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Khutelchalcididae" genus="Archaeopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9720E3A9C85890FFA1BCDD2D563C62AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Archaeopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the most basal lineage of all
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4BBAB5353613280CFBA325A690A4E9FD" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
. From the morphologically close
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="826935F11FE2CA6F23414DDBB85ADAAF" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="21552991A65FC6BA8CDCE0ED064A46CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
, the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2045F029EA5587ADA882A00EF2C97ABB" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
differ mainly in having an undivided clava, convergent notauli, scutellum without axillular groove or carina, mesotarsus almost never with two fully developed rows of pegs and a metasoma with incompletely fused or independent Mt8 and Mt9. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D7273BD07826C841B47A86BBFCB3EC7F" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calosotinae">Calosotinae</taxonomicName>
: clava with three clavomeres, notauli present as paramedially parallel lines, axillular groove present and continuing seamlessly with the scuto-scutellar suture and as a result scutellum with a carinated groove extending from base to apex, mesotarsus with a row of pegs on either side, and Mt8 and Mt9 completely fused to form the syntergum. However, all the characteristic features of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3C53B164E605C28CFD8FD0F35F2FEFE2" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusandalinae">Eusandalinae</taxonomicName>
are either plesiomorphic or homoplastic. A thorough comparative analysis of all these characters can be found in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B19" refString="Gibson, GAP, 1989. Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149: 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" title="Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" volume="149" year="1989">Gibson (1989)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FBA96E8F6AC836C5E7838AC228E0CB22" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B19" refString="Gibson, GAP, 1989. Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149: 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" title="Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" volume="149" year="1989">Gibson (1989)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>