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data/36/7F/CA/367FCA9967EE5E7C81F17818378075D4.xml
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<mods:affiliation id="C2A62924934E1F62BF75EC38C1CA1E8D">Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="9A11E4F730EE22A6B2DD88859D4C92CB">Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5ED91F4F42DBB2F8D5DBC253B59F51A7">CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="076A639AA607FAECA60105C090911820">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A9FDAE3D372E50E6908707CFB8451D69">2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="881721BF908B919240AE7EB8BC6505D5">94</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:367FCA9967EE5E7C81F17818378075D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/367FCA9967EE5E7C81F17818378075D4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="367FCA99-67EE-5E7C-81F1-7818378075D4" authority="new status" authorityName="new status" family="Cerocephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae new status</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="367FCA9967EE5E7C81F17818378075D4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206461191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:367FCA9967EE5E7C81F17818378075D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/367FCA9967EE5E7C81F17818378075D4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
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<paragraph id="251B89356350A1DA3DB1551DBB5ECB21" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9C4DFBD7CFC80333E1B6615B4A66A965" ID-CoL="C96J4" LSID="367FCA99-67EE-5E7C-81F1-7818378075D4" authority="new status" authorityName="new status" class="Insecta" family="Cerocephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerocephalidae new status</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Cerocephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cerocephalinae">Cerocephalinae</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="DC3C5735CC69DD744E03115AEDC13B24" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="42F386C525BA6F948BBE9D70499ABEC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="F4D9F53291C4BE85F274518307FB05CC" class="Insecta" family="Cerocephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cerocephalinae">Cerocephalinae</taxonomicName>
Gahan, 1946. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerocephalidae" genus="Cerocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerocephala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerocephala</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5768825C3216141619788D191173DCFA" class="Insecta" family="Cerocephalidae" genus="Cerocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerocephala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerocephala</taxonomicName>
Westwood, 1832.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="980371D1B3CA242EE43ADA107F2656EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BB175F279036400E668E367A1BA50452" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BEC7C58850A38AAF495C47872C0D838" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna with at most 10 flagellomeres and at most 3 clavomeres. Intertorular prominence present (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. 1 - 3 Boucekius sp. (Boucekiidae) 1 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum 2 hind femur 3 epipygium (epg) and metasomal terga VIII (Mt 8) 4, 5 Spalangiopelta sp. (Ceidae) 4 clypeus, labrum and mandible 5 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum, arrow shows the propodeal spiracle far separated from the anterior propodeal margin 6 Muesebeckisia mandibularis Hedqvist (Cerocephalidae): head and antenna in lateral view, arrow indicating intertorular prominence." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781064" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="443F46B1F041C94B57AAB9E233EAB1F5" captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. 1 - 3 Boucekius sp. (Boucekiidae) 1 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum 2 hind femur 3 epipygium (epg) and metasomal terga VIII (Mt 8) 4, 5 Spalangiopelta sp. (Ceidae) 4 clypeus, labrum and mandible 5 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum, arrow shows the propodeal spiracle far separated from the anterior propodeal margin 6 Muesebeckisia mandibularis Hedqvist (Cerocephalidae): head and antenna in lateral view, arrow indicating intertorular prominence." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781064" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
). Eyes not ventrally divergent. Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Labrum hidden behind clypeus, flexible. Mandibles with 2 or more teeth. Subforaminal bridge with a postgenal bridge occurring dorsal to the hypostoma. Mesoscutellum with frenum indicated at least laterally, although this may be very subtle. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron extending over anterior margin of metapleuron (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. 7 Neocalosoter sp. (Cerocephalidae): mesosoma in lateral view 8 - 10 Chalcedectus sp. (Chalcedectidae) 8 antenna 9 mesosoma in lateral view 10 hind leg 11 Cleonymus sp. (Cleonymidae): head in frontal view 12 Agrilocida ferrieri Steffan (Cleonymidae): hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781065" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="31F0AC770697350F91DCE946A67DC3C0" captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. 7 Neocalosoter sp. (Cerocephalidae): mesosoma in lateral view 8 - 10 Chalcedectus sp. (Chalcedectidae) 8 antenna 9 mesosoma in lateral view 10 hind leg 11 Cleonymus sp. (Cleonymidae): head in frontal view 12 Agrilocida ferrieri Steffan (Cleonymidae): hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781065" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</figureCitation>
). All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781065" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 7–12" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 7-12.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault &amp; Dodd" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Neocalosoter" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocalosoter" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neocalosoter</emphasis>
<caption id="31C3CF34AF3D8231D0E30D0957F209EF" doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781065" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 7–12" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="80531FA741E85682E4CCB22DEB7A4966" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="29ACE8108522878AFE281EDA16CB0B3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 7-12.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3B71DE8D38EC6CA71852939AB2B403DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CFC23AA68877531E9A3C7DBD7BEDC7A7" authorityName="Girault &amp; Dodd" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Neocalosoter" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocalosoter" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EFB87D9A005BADC87DCF9F0A373A478" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neocalosoter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3AACC6A940F541739BF151B3FFCB62BB" family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma in lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8-10</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" genus="Chalcedectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcedectus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chalcedectus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C8C93E5A33C9D5AFA52293C981D8A75A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8-10</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80CD595D1E4B8BCAEF3BB3D2B1367A16" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" genus="Chalcedectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcedectus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23CBC43E8D7B25EFD84613755BC6AD1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chalcedectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcedectidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="69FD91396616CD4AAE0E9498E1BBCC6C" class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcedectidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A8B89EFEC4FA61B40AB612430AF8B175" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3128D1911A1EB25D5760901BDEA7EEB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9</emphasis>
mesosoma in lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F9F105B415931CD2E9C52CAFCE1F39A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10</emphasis>
hind leg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">11</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Cleonymidae" genus="Cleonymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleonymus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cleonymus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D644848A2E9A0575F652A0133AF881D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">11</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="91FBC5AD95E066FBB22059467D0C6C37" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Cleonymidae" genus="Cleonymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleonymus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56BD3E6DB180E7C7D5B7BABF03CB02A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cleonymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" family="Cleonymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cleonymidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4B9F0E7162B4BF7B97504CB01E77BA6E" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Cleonymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cleonymidae</taxonomicName>
): head in frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">12</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" genus="Agrilocida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrilocida ferrieri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrieri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Agrilocida ferrieri</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AF165D5BAAAAB6CC7AA5DC0C2148D470" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">12</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="274D3968D8056B6CFB5723DB6D549A24" authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" genus="Agrilocida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrilocida ferrieri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrieri">
<emphasis id="41CE7BB1078C05D0FEFC3CCEEBF66386" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Agrilocida ferrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Steffan (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" family="Cleonymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cleonymidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7CD9A8596699A1B71C59FDA4D7C3AA82" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Cleonymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cleonymidae</taxonomicName>
): hind leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="5364553D95D9D0E8B0E7410EFD4C8EB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6D7AB73687C7A5F4DFA3C76377B62D97" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D24F1083B9FA9A1E8BD9D0325F0B1540" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="E9C346BD73242E49350BD1193D5400CA" family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
differ from most other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1964" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CD36F3D123A7BF39E540B36536414F64" authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
in having an intertorular prominence, although a few exceptional taxa exist across the superfamily that have a similar prominence, such as some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Haltichellinae">Haltichellinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9B8209BA3431225EDE589D02CFD41D58" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Haltichellinae">Haltichellinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D705B1EC352CC8C2460A46389D167E18" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
). However, these exceptions can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BB65851B0B7BD8E11E0CA27C7331D1B0" family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
using other features mentioned in the diagnosis. Otherwise,
<taxonomicName family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="08A7BC753D9AF9F5FD348187B238C078" family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
bear little resemblance to other families, being somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="07CF7822FFE0D9A59660E4E79B5BC252" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Storeyinae">Storeyinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="31FDCFE510DEA8F8061E0EF6D57D3E89" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Storeyinae">Storeyinae</taxonomicName>
, and some
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, but without most diagnostic features of those families.
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</subSubSection>

470
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@ -1,376 +1,376 @@
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="D2E23DCA816D0072BE1F304DCFAFCB91">Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B58B4FFD2186726AD86FBCF4F7BE2479">Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="36A02A39C3D87F54837C3D1F068CD4F7">Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E7F53FAE24C26A377611FEBFF7A3CE0A">CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2C7807CAF887B92AF24162B598AB7DD2">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="3518AB109CEE1256800F768BDB761A8A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DB233153D44FA01567734C2737C848C3">94</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:36A29A8F959355139422A9D45F27477D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36A29A8F959355139422A9D45F27477D" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="36A29A8F-9593-5513-9422-A9D45F27477D" authority="new status" authorityName="new status" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini new status</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="36A29A8F959355139422A9D45F27477D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206461172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:36A29A8F959355139422A9D45F27477D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36A29A8F959355139422A9D45F27477D" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Pteromalidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Pteromalinae" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
<subSubSection id="CF7DFC8810DA980067DCD36FFBCE1784" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9F5123AC071E55CD1B688C90E5CCDB84" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="0D0BF81487ED79A220F5ABD27FFEAF71" LSID="36A29A8F-9593-5513-9422-A9D45F27477D" authority="new status" authorityName="new status" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini new status</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="FF622D23C36CE860E2B513BD2F666068" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B2E1C77548FB7B0FDCA0B87FDE171F4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="38E4E582F3A531DAC64CCC59F2778778" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
Joseph, 1964. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Otitesella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otitesella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otitesella</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E7ABCDC8AD21AF821300C9FF0BB9168F" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Otitesella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otitesella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otitesella</taxonomicName>
Westwood, 1883.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Sycoryctini">Sycoryctini</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="0BEF3B3B2FCFB24887950B1963D37327" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="97B2DB0F065C80175BEFC9EEC398A667" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sycoryctini">Sycoryctini</taxonomicName>
Wiebes, 1966 new synonymy. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoryctes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoryctes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sycoryctes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="00BAE50A56F628AAD029342FB037DC21" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoryctes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoryctes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sycoryctes</taxonomicName>
Mayr, 1885.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Sycoecini">Sycoecini</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="56CCF163A859C97786397AD18CF6CC17" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="B4606C7889BD4E95453C38E3A610A8B2" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sycoecini">Sycoecini</taxonomicName>
Hill, 1967 new synonymy. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoecus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sycoecus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="23893FA52176E6D1898AB0655D0ACAF3" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoecus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sycoecus</taxonomicName>
Waterston, 1914.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="D5A410BF1AEBAA741BE78B0E78A7BBE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E9270F32390057FFC0BB271652B949FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94FC0BACDFB5813B9D745A4905C79CB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna with 10 flagellomeres (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grandi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Diaziella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diaziella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diaziella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31B4A9C053910BF36826CDB518E41744" authorityName="Grandi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Diaziella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diaziella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12D2CD77A168129B9557D8799F69A1CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diaziella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Grandi,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Priyadarsanan" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Marginalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marginalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Marginalia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="057EFF31AEDD62068CE53636B9F3C446" authorityName="Priyadarsanan" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Marginalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marginalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="57808F689372601BE03CDB632C9C8312" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Marginalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Priyadarsanan,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Robertsia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robertsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Robertsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DC27B3BCFC42A3C887D98D905F0E739" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Robertsia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robertsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBFB7703191A0FC3E9BEA0600B77703" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Robertsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="515051C8AFA08153AEFD562C112EACF6" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D47E8FC5A10DCE986D3D80E4139D8FF9" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5001DDC3F80A63D9BADEA5C3F5BDE6C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in part,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoecus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Sycoecus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="62B17061119BFAA8952D386D02B6B97E" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoecus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F99591A7CDB53B6F1796ADED9E7EBFBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Sycoecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 11 flagellomeres (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquerel" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Apocrypta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apocrypta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Apocrypta</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ABBC2A0D734CFA3E57F83961FDA8E1D" authorityName="Coquerel" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Apocrypta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apocrypta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF1C177DC970F2AEC779FE0A2C6B264F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Apocrypta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Coquerel,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joseph" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Arachonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachonia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Arachonia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60CD461D693624AA10C92F289CC49A1E" authorityName="Joseph" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Arachonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachonia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7C26304FA4C0D3300D33C77BA5F68A38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Arachonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Joseph,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2F77AE774CBC7C29329F618A39DE8550" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="575985567089A132AACBDA00B9A11402" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in part,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Otitesella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otitesella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Otitesella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AD218A26A283851873F80698050A1B1" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Otitesella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otitesella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82C1D91636E5E97028996981B450AF76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Otitesella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Walkerella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Walkerella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Walkerella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00DAAC485A0F3222C261D89D860F8A51" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Walkerella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Walkerella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82419F17E36DEE7CB4203302737B7CBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Walkerella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dalla Torre) or 12 flagellomeres (other genera). Notauli mostly complete (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">103</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3C3212481195EC74E74FADC996422EC4" captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">103</figureCitation>
) (absent in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8956F5EA214A3BD0C25DB9D4965B6C14" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9ED191565DF27A2A06D0918A79E32FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Propodeal spiracle usually separated from the anterior propodeal margin by about their own length, or more (except
<taxonomicName authorityName="Priyadarsanan" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Marginalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marginalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Marginalia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D4CF29F81B5B00AA03AE1D32254EB58C" authorityName="Priyadarsanan" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Marginalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marginalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0885B7355EE67F0DBD9B7CF22D6E2679" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Marginalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Walkerella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Walkerella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Walkerella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0ACC90BFF1F6291D9AE513E3E919063F" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Walkerella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Walkerella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBA321566C819E2E86CE03DA75284614" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Walkerella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Robertsia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robertsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Robertsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6B5C81F6D210BC88ED4AB445069BFD2" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Robertsia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robertsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D38925F7888A8E3C381AD378F1402B2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Robertsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">104</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2CA0ECDB8F63D5CE5556EF9B23924FCE" captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">104</figureCitation>
). Males usually apterous (except in most members of previous
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1967" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycoecinae">Sycoecinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE54203E3BFD17A32C35E3C7455B16" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1967" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycoecinae">Sycoecinae</taxonomicName>
, some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiebes" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Watshamiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Watshamiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Watshamiella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7C5A1989A1EE659C58E7E1250ABA22C3" authorityName="Wiebes" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Watshamiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Watshamiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00CA24E08F285BD2D92A2234A2036149" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Watshamiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wiebes, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoryctes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoryctes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Sycoryctes</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0E37553E4187AFFB92BD2DAB434F294E" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Sycoryctes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycoryctes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5364FD9C5FEFC79E7F694F6C365594D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Sycoryctes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mayr).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 103–108" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 103-108.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">103</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Apocrypta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apocrypta caudata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Apocrypta caudata</emphasis>
<caption id="BCCE22D3009DE9A71D6C55B4CA6D28ED" doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 103–108" startId="F18">
<paragraph id="D8BE9773851B2B750FC10D7044A2836A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="106CD75A9E27D05862235FEE217A37D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 103-108.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FDD87416E61DD82965FAFAB1D63CF721" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">103</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6D0C9360ADE231ED797E5F557CBE9C9" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Apocrypta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apocrypta caudata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis id="B38A2BF87A24EAB9FBD8681FB94249EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Apocrypta caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Girault) (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D278D17FA8741735B7BDFC0EF65C5177" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6EEDD7C027E8CFCF0458BA61BD10738E" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">104</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1762" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Philotrypesis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philotrypesis caricae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Philotrypesis caricae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D2B69035BD6F1F0FC24A6289B43ED1F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">104</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41FF9B95B55255E91B905B07F8264020" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1762" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Philotrypesis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philotrypesis caricae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricae">
<emphasis id="2CDF28EB81FE2CBE1529BCF49B710823" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Philotrypesis caricae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B632B67F91B5A08DED01C357E9CD4F2F" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
): propodeum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">105</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres wardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres wardi</emphasis>
<emphasis id="932E0EDF89CEA4DCFAE9428AD9E6085B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">105</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="678E52D8D2303047D1057551F75E7290" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Seres" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seres wardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="14BE36BECFF93E7E6A1BDF8EAC512BB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Seres wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Noort (
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EAE39627A55983F81CDE2E2288378AB0" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
): fore tibia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">106</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiebes" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Grandiana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grandiana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Grandiana</emphasis>
<emphasis id="41EE9AABB4D06A49F494C8BA41EE14DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">106</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0370D8811A0A6F4F23EC2F2D3D9493E7" authorityName="Wiebes" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Grandiana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grandiana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="790D0818F41AB710015EE404A0DD322C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Grandiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BA60D3D8E45C905C2110D21E50232D2D" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
): male dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">107</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Pseudidarnes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudidarnes minerva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Pseudidarnes minerva</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FEC0FCF273840C5FA5D6D0E6F59A0701" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">107</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5813E21B2FEFBF88546AAD0746224F57" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Pseudidarnes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudidarnes minerva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
<emphasis id="B26E8104CF839AE2136EC3C198CC23D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Pseudidarnes minerva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Girault (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F69D1DEBDECABA4C9C1FCB62872E3F75" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1875" family="Agaonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycophaginae">Sycophaginae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D7096BBC99FD19CD2EEA1E4CBA5CDEBF" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycophaginae">Sycophaginae</taxonomicName>
): metasoma dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">108</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sycophaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophaga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Sycophaga</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6292DEF0398BE797E1E20B66ED1F5D37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">108</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AE7E4D21438431F5011D273B5D52D077" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sycophaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophaga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CE473D4563F8AB2659CA95D64CAF749" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Sycophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FD995F26AB39B82EA8E0D84672BD0636" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1875" family="Agaonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycophaginae">Sycophaginae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D6A880809F186DE3A3D5ECF4585C2CC6" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycophaginae">Sycophaginae</taxonomicName>
): male lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="E362C6FCBCA6D3BE9617F920BA10D227" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B24A7CAC5844A062C8F1D053BCBF1374" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0F0478A7BA2227C2DF13FF987AB06A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
This tribe of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pteromalinae">Pteromalinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2A7F56773759A3205068349F7CAEBBB9" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pteromalinae">Pteromalinae</taxonomicName>
contains the previously recognized subfamilies
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joseph" authorityYear="1964" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otitesellinae">Otitesellinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="96D54C183FA0750B516867B586EA7D9C" authorityName="Joseph" authorityYear="1964" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otitesellinae">Otitesellinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1967" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycoecinae">Sycoecinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A8DB7BA211917E41970DD1973AF99FC6" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1967" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycoecinae">Sycoecinae</taxonomicName>
new syn. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiebes" authorityYear="1966" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycoryctinae">Sycoryctinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A2AC27E57BF836108B336A1BBB72B7CA" authorityName="Wiebes" authorityYear="1966" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycoryctinae">Sycoryctinae</taxonomicName>
new syn., all fig associates occurringin the Old World (about 30 genera). It does not contain all the fig associates in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5596A487CD983F58069324BA3DB639C6" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
, since
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1875" family="Agaonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycophaginae">Sycophaginae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6BD6CAE0136F9EBB98193C5AEC806B0D" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sycophaginae">Sycophaginae</taxonomicName>
is a separate subfamily of fig associates,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Podivna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podivna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Podivna</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7A3394F8B6A0D14AA9E5D8DAD5642DCB" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Podivna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podivna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6498C7FB4A327AE9C8B440EDE64A4F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Podivna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E448B86BF72721D14665F1B7AD618BA3" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
is classified in
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Colotrechninae">Colotrechninae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DB53E93544BEB90F83572C92EBA0185B" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Colotrechninae">Colotrechninae</taxonomicName>
, and some New World genera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Critogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Critogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Critogaster</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CF80C8A7382E614F8650431FC32B0024" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Critogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Critogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CBAD5B8271BFA6B52F465CDDB688673" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Critogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mayr,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Aepocerus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aepocerus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Aepocerus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="672FD16AD17957603B79F46022E349DC" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Aepocerus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aepocerus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6D13B73F3A1565A108C3308270D8D341" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Aepocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mayr,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Heterandrium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterandrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heterandrium</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="898F2645B96E8FC5F442D8096E4D4EB6" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Heterandrium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterandrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B77C0B2BC572B1383CE539C01CA4ACD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heterandrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mayr, and similar genera) belong to another group of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pteromalinae">Pteromalinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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possess an amazing morphological disparity. Some genera that enter the fig through the ostiole have a flattened head and smooth cuticle, as well as adaptations to crawl through the bracts filling the fig aperture (mandible lengthened and covered with multiple small teeth, spurs on fore- and hind legs, enlarged protibial spur etc.) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">105</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7034229D741A36A9469E54C15AB4632B" captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">105</figureCitation>
). Some others oviposit within flowers from the outside once the fig is enlarged and therefore have elongated valves, or with last two tergites lengthened. Most males are greatly transformed, often apterous and sometimes with enlarged mandibles and scapes that are used for fighting for females (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">106</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FF22D93561205360EBB992190BC48A66" captionStart="Figures 103–108" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figures 103 - 108. 103 Apocrypta caudata (Girault) (Pteromalidae, Otitesellini): mesosoma dorsal view 104 Philotrypesis caricae L. (Otitesellini): propodeum 105 Seres wardi van Noort (Otitesellini): fore tibia 106 Grandiana sp. (Otitesellini): male dorsal view 107 Pseudidarnes minerva Girault (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): metasoma dorsal view 108 Sycophaga sp. (Pteromalidae, Sycophaginae): male lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures103-108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781081" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">106</figureCitation>
). Other genera that we place in
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<taxonomicName id="B3EC475E48A8CC68519D396D76F3980A" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otitesellini">Otitesellini</taxonomicName>
based on molecules and/or morphology are listed in Appendix 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

420
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:36CF34D2CA575F679AEE14CDDF4C2C48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36CF34D2CA575F679AEE14CDDF4C2C48" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<treatment id="36CF34D2CA575F679AEE14CDDF4C2C48" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206461104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:36CF34D2CA575F679AEE14CDDF4C2C48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36CF34D2CA575F679AEE14CDDF4C2C48" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
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<taxonomicName id="ECE13946B9B7E2693951603703CF1EB3" ID-CoL="CC7C6" LSID="36CF34D2-CA57-5F67-9AEE-14CDDF4C2C48" authority="revived status" authorityName="Kamijo" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spalangiidae revived status</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="9C7C5D9F9483CB0E4E376E6496F7B975" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C9E6682306EB3C1369CF7AF25BEAD9B" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
(as Spalangiae, not Latin) Haliday, 1833, revived status. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" genus="Spalangia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spalangia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spalangia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8F6611E3DC6F5B7CAC23A5AAE97C0D49" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" genus="Spalangia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spalangia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spalangia</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1805.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<paragraph id="960890AA4C1DD15F3B696F07C7F71070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<normalizedToken id="5C012EECF198872A8DF0D94C9DCE48C4" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1988. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName id="B2F9E4CDBDFF2750A51A880C40A691E3" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" genus="Erotolepsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erotolepsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Erotolepsia</taxonomicName>
Howard, 1894.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph id="72DAE460A546FA4AC2AFD4E195E494D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7ABFEA31E32DB79FD92AEB81DEBBDAF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna usually with 8 flagellomeres, including a 1-segmented clava, with 11 flagellomeres including 3 clavomeres in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="63152336363B85B4DBD4F5CEB6C0E6D0" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="197405B51AE2DA4A117D693CF6369B4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DEB5A24BFC3535277E3C1C8F0206A313" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
. Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Labrum exposed, well-sclerotized, subrectangular or semicircular with marginal setae in a row (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781072" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">53</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5C5919A106C04A84062FE0CA8E63C5A7" captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781072" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">53</figureCitation>
). Mandibles with 2 or 3 teeth, or undivided (in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0AD2F026E5DC9CDD3C75B5C788C30F66" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65C3267613DCB4230DFCF5B587B735B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Subforaminal bridge with postgenal bridge or with postgena separated by lower tentorial bridge. Mesoscutellum with frenum indicated at least laterally, and without axillular sulcus. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron extending over anterior margin of metapleuron. All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="B11312B0F3EE1F28D9E59E11E6A64A60" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="86495A6F5524D7314C5547F5B395A32F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABE6C362BE29045999942513A9A8D503" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
There are two distinctive subfamilies in
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5E226814DB893250149736EC98DC3539" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicName id="9DC0B9998E4946FD781B56B6530AD402" authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spalangiinae">Spalangiinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E0160E475FDEC4540B7101FDE3BA904F" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
new placement, both comprised of parasitoids of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9788421A900FC5DE76E1BE5FA386D14B" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
. The antennal toruli are placed very low on the head in most species of both subfamilies (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781072" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">54</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B540C63FCF4E58218FCB58C385135D7A" captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781072" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">54</figureCitation>
). In most
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="39DD715A6D12CF49225546E6DA4D2835" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39D7BABDFF2B36AB22BC8DE0FB5411DA" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4629542901DA24C08684365ACE0BB780" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where they are placed higher), the toruli are just above the very short clypeus, while in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spalangiinae">Spalangiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9A573AE3BC3038BC4436C248747F8448" authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spalangiinae">Spalangiinae</taxonomicName>
the toruli are placed on lobes that overhang the clypeus and labrum, rendering them difficult to see. This distinctive antennal placement and the prognathous head make members of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spalangiinae">Spalangiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="16B07D68EAC26D912630CCEB95301E52" authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spalangiinae">Spalangiinae</taxonomicName>
easily identifiable. Most
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1047C23E65F3DBC1191D132007BA9576" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
(again, not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8E05F1E44E7FF18753BACF1DFFDD4F8D" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6357DDB5E9B0639AEEFB8184EFF3E4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are readily identified by the presence of a long carina that encircles most of the face, extending from near the median ocellus to the top of the clypeus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781072" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">54</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0EAD71FD9ED4C93932E5A2D2AB76593E" captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781072" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">54</figureCitation>
), and have a transverse carina across the anterior part of Gt1 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–60" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 55 - 60. 55 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): mesosoma and base of metasoma dorsal view 56 a, 57 Systasis sp. (Systasidae) 56 a apex of clypeus without subapical groove 57 mesosoma ventral, mesotrochantinal plate and mesofurcal pit 58 Trisecodes africanum Gumovsky (Pirenidae, Trisecodinae): antenna 56 b, 59 Asaphes sp. (Asaphesinae, incertae sedis) 56 b clypeal subapical groove 59 mesosoma ventral 60 Austrosystasis atricorpus Girault (Austrosystasinae, incertae sedis) 60 head frontal view, mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures55-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781073" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">55</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9A4FCDAC6CBFD1E7C7B922E20924AB6B" captionStart="Figures 55–60" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 55 - 60. 55 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): mesosoma and base of metasoma dorsal view 56 a, 57 Systasis sp. (Systasidae) 56 a apex of clypeus without subapical groove 57 mesosoma ventral, mesotrochantinal plate and mesofurcal pit 58 Trisecodes africanum Gumovsky (Pirenidae, Trisecodinae): antenna 56 b, 59 Asaphes sp. (Asaphesinae, incertae sedis) 56 b clypeal subapical groove 59 mesosoma ventral 60 Austrosystasis atricorpus Girault (Austrosystasinae, incertae sedis) 60 head frontal view, mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures55-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781073" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">55</figureCitation>
). The enigmatic genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ED7444CE8594AB131B8D373CA7960524" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Eunotopsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunotopsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CC10E507DA1A2AEA4F7BCD814342CCF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eunotopsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the transverse carina on Gt1 with other
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D35FB17529F64AD7A55069B5976DB64A" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
and can be identified to subfamily using this feature.
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F96D56BCA494EF61A9E2968373EB4A48" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
strongly resemble
<taxonomicName family="Herbertiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Herbertiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D82D7EE4340E0A5A4B91E69829744435" family="Herbertiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Herbertiidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Pirenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Micradelinae">Micradelinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1470BD7D6126E1B8C4732BDB44AD4448" class="Insecta" family="Pirenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Micradelinae">Micradelinae</taxonomicName>
, which differ in lacking the carinae of the face and Gt1.
<taxonomicName family="Herbertiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Herbertiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7ED947BF811653ED238002D98C04B1E1" family="Herbertiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Herbertiidae</taxonomicName>
further differ in having an oblique basitarsal comb, although the basitarsal comb of
<taxonomicName family="Pirenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Micradelinae">Micradelinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5AF55817B5063C64C56FFEE444933724" class="Insecta" family="Pirenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Micradelinae">Micradelinae</taxonomicName>
is reduced and difficult to evaluate.
<taxonomicName family="Eunotidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Eunotidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D6D0D1EEF7A83554025C65B1C3779B28" family="Eunotidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Eunotidae</taxonomicName>
are also somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DC189A9A09F8B3E8C92C3F602C75C7BD" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
, but differ in that the mesepimeron does not overlap the anterior margin of the metapleuron, and in lacking the Gt1 sculpture of
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A3BA5C8A5022BBB521B5BFF87F1B07C1" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures55-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781073" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 55–60" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 55-60.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">55</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" genus="Erotolepsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erotolepsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Erotolepsia</emphasis>
<caption id="672CEF564A6ADA353C89EBD4BF9579CD" doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures55-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781073" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 55–60" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="B50BA9A7EF89A692CEB34F605330CB10" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="3970B1E3BEF2BDB08876B4C4E5957CFE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 55-60.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FA8AE30062ED7063F7834D6BC5B53A52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">55</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="025D2288316CC0A6EAC8A08BEE064A0D" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" genus="Erotolepsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erotolepsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CD8B02FFD9D4A11B895A2A6E56863A6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Erotolepsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C110DE4BCB178B7BA8867CF5FB855771" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="22EF977D54E6B5626967A87CFA54CCA8" class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erotolepsiinae">Erotolepsiinae</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma and base of metasoma dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56a, 57</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Systasidae" genus="Systasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systasis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Systasis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8583057F5BC6F4D3041A53D4F2B6EE8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56a, 57</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CEF4AF5D46E39140F166E5799F2EDBC" class="Insecta" family="Systasidae" genus="Systasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systasis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="226F1758BB44B74B31292530F0D8B4A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Systasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Systasidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Systasidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D059CF85F3D5A6DC45ADB5BF421B96B0" family="Systasidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Systasidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56a</emphasis>
<emphasis id="664C5353514847CB895566D389BB8DFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56a</emphasis>
apex of clypeus without subapical groove
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">57</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9C95FFB199D603AD9C1DD76F6AA4431A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">57</emphasis>
mesosoma ventral, mesotrochantinal plate and mesofurcal pit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">58</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Asaphidae" genus="Trisecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trisecodes africanum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Trisecodes africanum</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9A26112F032EC9BA1842B4098C634599" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">58</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D389046DA763EAD7D23D671B951C1837" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Asaphidae" genus="Trisecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trisecodes africanum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanum">
<emphasis id="832B735FB1D116341B8F3C912C093334" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Trisecodes africanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gumovsky (
<taxonomicName family="Pirenidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pirenidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3284913576AE730F38FC2DFEA11502B" family="Pirenidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pirenidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Systasidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trisecodinae">Trisecodinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1351D23A08A3E279C13A66364E01A570" class="Insecta" family="Systasidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trisecodinae">Trisecodinae</taxonomicName>
): antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56b, 59</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asaphidae" genus="Asaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asaphes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Asaphes</emphasis>
<emphasis id="052FEF1EA240B2927487E78047964ECC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56b, 59</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1C524401EB408AED5FE81ACE087FF27D" class="Insecta" family="Asaphidae" genus="Asaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asaphes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A7C8F50CE97BF375B172A777AEED2BFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Asaphes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Asaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asaphesinae">Asaphesinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CB2E0622177AAEC33FBEA4E07F5C0118" class="Insecta" family="Asaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asaphesinae">Asaphesinae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F6FA1D90E207877D494705D1F2D59D4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56b</emphasis>
<emphasis id="753C68006C8B1F45A7F91F4A5EF6B5C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">56b</emphasis>
clypeal subapical groove
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">59</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6929A02E5AD759631B56DC31DE1F3332" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">59</emphasis>
mesosoma ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">60</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Austrosystasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrosystasis atricorpus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Austrosystasis atricorpus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="92D7EB239CF117A065FC7873FBF4F3FE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">60</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31F4B7897D062845385C9BF18DA4663A" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Austrosystasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrosystasis atricorpus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
<emphasis id="B7545AF1785FD3AF89CB65952FDFCC3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Austrosystasis atricorpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Girault (
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Austrosystasinae">Austrosystasinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="700FC2C88B4F1C895CF9BC5874A30781" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Austrosystasinae">Austrosystasinae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="99511AF8DB97F327C4C9255871A9D67D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">60</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1BAC067A97432E710F72CCC5AA2F82F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">60</emphasis>
head frontal view, mesosoma lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>