From 846e891ea330d31981dedc4e7b60592addf8acc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 22:43:40 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-08-29 22:37:36 --- .../87/03BF87F4DA61F8486B9C5E91FEE4FBD5.xml | 616 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 616 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/BF/87/03BF87F4DA61F8486B9C5E91FEE4FBD5.xml diff --git a/data/03/BF/87/03BF87F4DA61F8486B9C5E91FEE4FBD5.xml b/data/03/BF/87/03BF87F4DA61F8486B9C5E91FEE4FBD5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f02d46e21fa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BF/87/03BF87F4DA61F8486B9C5E91FEE4FBD5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,616 @@ + + + +A new endemic species of Alkanna (Lithospermeae: Boraginaceae) from hilly environments of west Iran + + + +Author + +Zeraatkar, Amin +0000-0002-6085-0096 +Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran +zeraatkar.amin@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Nasab, Farzaneh Khajoei +0000-0002-2325-9555 +Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran +farzaneh.khajoei@yahoo.com + + + +Author + +Shirmardi, Hamzeh Ali +Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-06-19 + + +653 + + +3 + + +273 +280 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.3.6 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.653.3.6 +1179-3163 +13217029 + + + + + + +Alkanna assadii +Khajoei Nasab & Zeraatkar + + +sp. nov +. + +( +Figures 2–4 +) + + + + + +Description:—Perennial +, +20–35 cm +height, stem multi-branched, branched from base, densely covered with short trichomes (up to +0.2 mm +long), with stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes (up to +1.8 mm +long, absent at lower part of the stem), and moderately short glands (up to +0.2 mm +long). Roots reddish. +Basal leaves +ovate-lanceolate, 50–120 × +4–12 mm +, tapering into the petiole, acute at apex, margins undulate, with a prominent midrib, ciliate at the margins, lower and upper surfaces densely covered with short trichomes, sparsely with stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes, and moderately short glands. +Cauline leaves +ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 30–50 × +4–15 mm +, acute, sessile, subauriculate or truncate at base, margins undulate, with a prominent midrib, indumentum like in basal leaves. +Inflorescence +with 1–2 scorpioid cymes, each cyme with 6–10 flowers. +Calyx +10–12 × +1–3 mm +; lobes narrowly lanceolate, entire at the margin, acute at apex, lower and upper surfaces densely with stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes (up to +1.8 mm +long), short trichomes (up to +0.2 mm +long), and sparsely short glands (up to +0.2 mm +long). +Corolla +orange-pale yellow (orange in bud), the intercostal parts orange, veins yellow, becoming violet-blue when dried, +13–18 mm +long, outside glabrous, pubescent inside, densely-moderately covered with short glands (up to +0.1 mm +long or subsessile) below the junction of the corolla lobes to the lower surface of the filament of two lower stamens; lobes ca. 4 × +5 mm +, finely undulate margins. +Pedicels +3–4 mm +long, pilose. +Bracts +lanceolate, 12–21 × +4–6 mm +, undulate margins, acute at apex, cuneate at base, lower and upper surfaces covered with densely short trichomes (up to +0.2 mm +long), sparsely with stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes (up to +1.8 mm +long), and moderately short glands (up to +0.2 mm +long). +Stamens +inserted irregularly at two different levels; three higher at the throat and two lower in the tube; filaments +0.2–0.4 mm +long; anthers ca. +0.8 mm +long. +Style +ca. +3.5 mm +long. +Stigma +shallowly bilobed; lobes ca. +0.2 mm +long. +Annulus +glabrous. Nutlets not seen. + + + + +Type:— + +Iran +. +Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari +province, +Ben +, near +Karsang +village, +32.52° N +, +50.46° E +, + +2525 m + +, + +30 April 2022 + +, + +A. Zeraatkar +7192 + +( +Holotype +: D!). + + + + + +Diagnosis:— + +Alkanna assadii + +can be distinguished from other Iranian + +Alkanna +species + +by several morphological characters. It is distinguished from + +A. bracteosa + +by basal leaf length (50–120 vs. +100–200 mm +), basal leaf shape (ovate-lanceolate vs. lanceolate), cauline leaf shape (ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate vs. oblong or ovate-oblong), indumentum +type +(densely covered with short trichomes, with stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes, and moderately short glands vs. sparsely covered with stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes, sometimes also glandular-pubescent), corolla color (orange-pale yellow becoming violet-blue when dried vs. yellow), inside of corolla (with short glands below the junction of the corolla lobes to the lower surface of the filament of two lower stamens vs. glabrous), corolla length (13–18 vs. ± +10 mm +), calyx length in flower (10–12 vs. +7–9 mm +), and bract shape (lanceolate vs. ovate). Our new species also differs from + +A. trichophila + +, specifically by: ovate-lanceolate basal leaf (vs. broadly oblong or spathulate-lanceolate), basal leaf apex (acute vs. subacute), cauline leaf shape (ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate vs. oblong, linear-lanceolate), corolla color (orange-pale yellow becoming violet-blue when dried vs. yellow), corolla shape (salver-shaped vs. tubular or funnel-shaped), outside of corolla (glabrous vs. usually pubescent and sometimes glandular), and bract shape (lanceolate vs. linear-lanceolate). + +Alkanna assadii + +differs from + +A. leptophylla + +in having ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, truncate at base, undulate margins cauline leaf (vs. elliptic-lanceolate, cordate at the base, with sinuate-crispate margin, in the dried state papyrus), corolla color (orange-pale yellow becoming violet-blue when dried vs. golden yellow (in vivo), brunescens (in sicco)), calyx length (10–12 vs. +8 mm +), and bracts with undulate margins (vs. sinuate-crispate margin). It differs from + +A. orientalis + +in longer basal leaves (50–120 vs. +30–60 mm +), indumentum +type +(with densely stiff, unicellular, scabrid trichomes, and moderately short glands vs. short glands), corolla color (orange-pale yellow becoming violet-blue when dried vs. golden yellow), corolla length (13–18 vs. ± +12 mm +), calyx length (10–12 vs. +6–7 mm +), and bract shape (lanceolate vs. oblong-ovate, semi-amplexicaul). + + + +Alkanna assadii + +is similar to + +Alkanna frigida +Boiss. + +in basal leaves width, indumentum +type +, corolla shape, anther length, and style length. However, it sufficiently differs from + +A +. +frigida + +in its habit, height, basal leaves length and shape, cauline leaves size and shape, setae size, gland size, corolla color and size, the status of the trichomes and glands in corolla, arrangement of the stamens in the corolla, pedicel length, calyx length, and bract shape and size. More detailed list of morphological differences among these species are presented in +Table 1 +. In addition to, the morphological differences mentioned above for these two species, they are distributed in very different habitats. + +A +. +frigida + +is found in mountainous habitats at altitudes between 1950 and +3500 m +, while + +A +. +assadii + +is found in hills at altitudes between 2500 and +2550 m +. + + + + +FIGURE 1 +. Distribution of + +Alkanna assadii + + +sp. nov +. + +Map by Farzaneh Khajoei Nasab. + + + + +FIGURE 2 +. Holotype of + +Alkanna assadii +sp. nov. + +Photograph by Amin Zeraatkar. + + + + +FIGURE 3 +. Habit and habitat of + +Alkanna assadii + + +sp. nov +. + +Photograph by Amin Zeraatkar. + + + + +Distribution, ecology, and conservational status:— + +Alkanna assadii + +is currently known only from its +type +locality in the highlands of west +Iran +in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, where the climate is cold and semihumid. Large parts of the area are composed of reddish sandstone and shale hills with thin intercalations of argillaceous limestone, conglomerate, and conglomeratic sandstones ( +Figures 1 +, +3 +& +5 +). The area has been poorly investigated botanically compared to many other parts of the province and needs to be explored in detail. However, the area has been superficially visited by V. Mozaffarian during the preparation of “Flora of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari” ( +Mozaffarian 2017 +). Floristically and vegetation wise, the area is best characterized as semi-steppe, mostly composed of communities of + +Astragalus + +and grasses, often rich in perennial herbaceous + +Astragalus + +. + + +The most commonly associated species are + +Rindera lanata +(Lam.) Bunge + +, + +Stachys koelzii +Rech.f. + +, + +S. lavandulifolia +Vahl + +, + +Teucrium orientale + +L., + +Thymus daenensis +Čelak. + +, + +Eremurus persicus +(Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. + +, + +E. spectabilis +M.Bieb. + +, + +Fritillaria persica + +L., + +Oxytropis kotschyana +Boiss. & Hohen. + +, + +Leontice armeniaca +Boivin + +, + +Rumex ponticus +E.H.L.Krause + +, + +Ranunculus kochii +Ledeb. + +, + +R. straussii +Bornm. + +, + +Scrophularia nervosa +Benth. + +, + +Salvia aristata +Aucher ex Benth. + +, + +Astragalus holopsilus +Bunge + +, + +A. caraganae +Fisch. & C.A.Mey. + +, + +A. cyclophyllos +Beck + +, + +A. griseus +Boiss. + +, + +A. angustiflorus +K.Koch + +, + +A. effusus +Bunge + +, + +A. compactus +Lam. + +, + +A. trachyacanthos +Fisch. + +, + +Astragalus +sp. + +, + +Solenanthus circinnatus +Ledeb. + +, + +Gypsophila polyclada +Fenzl ex Boiss. + +, + +Centaurea leuzeoides +Walp. + +, + +Scorzonera calyculata +Boiss. + +, + +Serratula latifolia +Boiss. + +, + +Klasea viciifolia +(Boiss. & Hausskn.) L.Martins + +, + +Phlomis olivieri +Benth. + +, + +Onobrychis melanotricha +Boiss. + +, + +Euphorbia heteradena +Jaub. & Spach + +, + +Bufonia kotschyana +Boiss. + +, + +Lepidium draba + +L., + +Eryngium billardierei +F.Delaroche + +, + +Allium stipitatum +Regel + +, + +Lactuca orientalis +(Boiss.) Boiss. + +, + +Bromus tomentellus +Boiss. + +, + +Psathyrostachys fragilis +(Boiss.) Nevski + +, + +Melica persica +Kunth + +, + +Silene aucheriana +Boiss. + +, + +S. latifolia +Poir. + +, + +S. gynodioica +Ghaz. + + +S. longipetala +Vent. + + + + +FIGURE 4 +. + +Alkanna assadii + + +sp. nov +. + +Corolla (A & B). Ovary (C). Median view of stigma. Indumentum on the upper surface of basal leaves. Scale bars: A, B= 3.5 mm; C= 1 mm; D= 0.2 mm; E= 1 mm. Drawn by Amin Zeraatkar. + + + + +FIGURE 5 +. Habitat of + +Alkanna assadii + + +sp. nov +. + +Photograph by Amin Zeraatkar. + + + +Less than ten plants were observed in the +type +locality that is not protected. We categorize the new species as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN criteria ( +IUCN 2022 +). Further studies are needed for a more accurate classification. However, it is necessary to note that this area is subject to human pressure, and land-use change is considered the greatest threat to the ecosystems ( +Figure 5 +). Therefore, the environments should be assigned to a priority list of research. Additionally, livestock traffic and overgrazing are serious threats to the species’ long-term survival. + + + + +Phenology +:—Flowering: late April to late May. + + + + +Eponymy +:—The species is named in honor of the prominent Iranian botanist, Prof. Dr. Mostafa Assadi (Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, TARI), who, for more than five decades, directed and supported the study of the flora of +Iran +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file