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B + + + + + +Figs. 15N +; +16B + +Number of specimens:>10 + +Diagnosis. +Segminate P +1 +element with subsymmetrical, posteriorly rounded and anteriorly tapered basal cavity. Large terminal, subtriangular, recurved cusp. Anterior process bearing a few denticles only. + + +Description. +Te element shows a large cusp at the posterior end. In lateral view, the large, recurved, subtriangular cusp is about as high as the whole unit is long. An anterior process with two or three small upright to reclined denticles is present. Te lower margin is straight to concave. In aboral view, the subsymmetrical basal cavity is sub-rounded at the posterior margin and tapers towards the anterior end. + + +Remarks. +Tese P +1 +elements most closely resemble + +Discretella +aff. +discreta + +, but differ in having a much shorter anterior process and recurved denticles. Tey also bear some superficial resemblance with the P +1 +elements of the Spathian–Anisian genus + +Cornudina + +, but differ in their conformation of the basal cavity. + +Urdyella unicorna + +n. gen. +n. sp. usually has a much thinner and larger, sickleshaped cusp and a rounded basal cavity. + + +Because of the absence of a posterior process, some elements, especially arched ones, resemble homologous elements of + +Guangxidella + +and could possibly be assigned to that genus, but their basal cavity do not match those of + +Guangxidella + +and resemble instead that of + +Discretella +aff. +discreta + +, hence we tentatively retain them within + +Discretella + +. + + +Occurrence +. South +China +: Luolou, Smithian age, Laren, +Guangxi +. + + + + + + +Discretella + +? n. sp. C + + + + + +Figs. 15O +; +16A, F, M +. + + +1989 + +Cratognathodus +sp. A + +; Tang, p. 405, pl. 32, fig. 8. + + +2013 + +Neospathodus +? +peculiaris +Sweet + +; Yan et al., p. 516, fig. +6M. + + +2014 + +Discretella +sp. + +indet. A; Maekawa & Igo in Shigeta et al., p. 202–207, fig. 151.1–151.12, 151.16–151.18 (only). + +2014 Genus gen. indet. D; Maekawa & Igo in Shigeta et al., p. 269, figs. 193.10–193.12. +Number of specimens:>10 + +Diagnosis and description. +Same as + +Discretella + +? n. sp. B except that a very small posterior process without denticle is always present and the laterally twisted basal cavity tapers at both ends. Te anterior process may bear up to 5 denticles. + + +Remarks. +Te P +1 +elements of this species are very similar to those of the coeval + +Discretella + +? n. sp. B and both species may be conspecific although the presence of the incipient posterior process and the geometry of the basal cavity suggest they correspond at least to two different morphotypes, possibly due to sexual dimorphism. Tey also share strong similarities with the P +1 +of + +Discretella +? + +n. sp. D, which may be a descendant of + +Discretella + +? n. sp. B via reduction/loss of the anterior process, forms like, +Fig. 16M +(and figs. 193.10–193.12 of Maekawa and Igo in +Shigeta et al., 2014 +) that bear only one or two anterior denticles being intermediary. Te relationship with + +Discretella +sp. + +indet. A Maekawa & Igo is unclear but the P +1 +of the latter is almost identical, except that the incipient posterior process bears a small triangular denticle. Maekawa & Igo noted also that the anterior process of the P +1 +element of + +Discretella +sp. + +indet. A (Maekawa & Igo) may also have been reduced over time. Conversely, + +Discretella robustus +( +Wang & Wang, 1976 +) + +, which share a similar recurved cusp and a sigmoidal profile in lower view, has more developed anterior and posterior processes and may be their forerunner. + + +Occurrence +. South +China +: Luolou, Smithian age, Laren, +Guangxi +. + + + + + + +Discretella + +? n. sp. D + + + + + +Fig. 26 +AB, AC. + +2014 Genus gen. indet. D; Maekawa & Igo in Shigeta et al., p. 269, figs. 193.8–9. + + +Holotype +. + +Specimen illustrated in +Fig. 26 +AB. + +Number of specimens:>20 + +Diagnosis. +Same P +1 +element as in + +Discretella + +? n. sp. C except it bears no anterior process. + + +Remarks. +As for + +Discretella + +? n. sp. B and C (see above) the generic assignment of these forms is uncertain and may deserve a new genus name, especially given that the present taxa bear neither posterior nor anterior denticles. + + +Occurrence +. Laren road cut, Luolou Formation, Smithian age, Nanpanjiang basin, South +China +(this paper); North-eastern +Vietnam +, +Novispathodu +s ex gr. + +waageni +Zone + +between + +Flemingites rursiradiatus + +beds and Urdyceras tulongensis beds and within the + +Owenites koeneni + +beds, Bac Tuy Formation ( +Shigeta et al., 2014 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6445FF9DFF1BEFDBD397FDC7.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6445FF9DFF1BEFDBD397FDC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9efeeb76677 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6445FF9DFF1BEFDBD397FDC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + + +Discretella discreta +( +Müller, 1956 +) + + + + + + +Figs. 15C, G, L +; +16D, S +. + + + + +*1956 +Ctenognathodus discreta +n. sp. +; Müller, pp. 821– 822, pl. 95, fig. 28. + + +1989 + +Neospathodus discreta +(Müller) + +; Tang, p. 402, pl. 30, fig. 7. + + +2005 + +Discretella +sp. A + +; Orchard, p. 83, fig. 8. + + + +2008 + +Discretella discreta +(Müller) + +; + +Orchard 2008 +, p. 402 + +, figs. 8.18, 8.19. + + + +2010 + +Discretella discreta +(Müller) + +; Beranek et al., p. 65, figs. 6.18, 6.19. + + +2014 + +Discretella discreta +(Müller) + +; Maekawa & Igo in Shigeta et al., pp. 196–202, figs. 141.13–141.33, 142–145, 146.1–146.30. + + +2018 + +Discretella discreta +(Müller) + +; Maekawa in Maekawa et al., p. 23, fig. 14.4. + +Number of specimens:>20 + + + +Diagnosis. +See +Müller, 1956 +. + + + + +Description. +Te carminate-to-segminate P +1 +element has an upturned and inverted basal margin in the posterior one-third to one-half of the element. Te cusp is usually larger than the other discrete and upright denticles but not conspicuously. + + + + +Remarks. +Maekawa & Igo (in +Shigeta et al., 2014 +) described two different morphotypes, A and B, for + +Discretella discreta + +. Teir morphotype A would correspond to the +holotype +( +Müller, 1956 +) and their morphotype B has an upturned posterior margin and a relatively broader and triangular cusp. Although Maekawa & Igo (in +Shigeta et al., 2014 +) have recently illustrated numerous specimens, the intraspecific variation of this species remains unclear due to its general scarcity. Based on their illustrations and unpublished material, there seems to be scope for further differentiation. Both morphotypes A and B have a posterior process and hence a tapered posterior margin of the basal cavity. However, some of our specimens do not develop a posterior process and have a rounded posterior margin at the basal cavity. Tose are here assigned to a different species, which for now is kept in open nomenclature ( + +Discretella +aff. +discreta + +). + + +Occurrence +. Wide global occurrence in the Smithian. + +Meekoceras + +beds, Nevada ( +Müller, 1956 +). + +Euflemingites romunderi +Zone, Canadian Arctic ( +Orchard, 2008 +) + +. Jabal Safra, +Oman +( +Orchard, 2005 +). North +Vietnam +(Tang, 1989). +Nv +. ex. gr. + +waageni +Zone, Taho Formation + +, +Japan +( +Maekawa et al., 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D644DFF94FF1BE91BD1F0FE47.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D644DFF94FF1BE91BD1F0FE47.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..aa43ea0c80c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D644DFF94FF1BE91BD1F0FE47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + + +Novispathodus +ex gr. +waageni +( +Sweet, 1970 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 14C, D, F, G + + +*1970 + +Neospathodus waageni + +n. sp. +; Sweet, pp. 260–261, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12. + + +1977 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Goel, p. 1094, pl. 2, figs. 1–4. + + +1978 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Weitschat & Lehmann, pl. 14, figs. 11–12. + + +1979 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Solien, p. 292, pl. 3, fig. 9. + + +1980 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Chhabra & Sahni, pl. 1, figs. 9–10, 14?, 16, 20?. + + +1982 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Koike, p. 39, pl. 6, figs. 24–27. + + +1983 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Matsuda, p. 88–91, pl. 1, figs. 6–10. + + +1984 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Berry et al., p. 133, pl. 1, figs. 1–4. + + +1984 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Dagis, p. 24, pl. 7, figs. 2–5, 7–10, pl. 8. fig. 7 (only). + + +2004 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Zhao et al., figs. 1, 3. + + +2007 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Zhao & Orchard in Zhao et al., pp. 36–37, pl. 1, figs. 5A, B, 10A, B. + + +2007 + +Neospathodus + +ex gr. + +waageni +Sweet + +; Orchard & Krystyn, plate, figs. 8–18. + + +2008 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Nakrem et al., figs. 5.7, 5.8, 5.11, 5.14. + + +2008 + +Neospathodus waageni +Sweet + +; Orchard, p. 406, pl. 8, figs. 8.1, 8.2, 8.8, 8.9. + + +2009 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Orchard & Zonneveld, p. 785, figs. 13.1–13.10, 14, 15. + + +2009 + +Neospathodus + +ex gr. + +waageni +Sweet + +; Igo in Shigeta et al., p. 194, figs. 152.1, 152.3, 152.14–15?, 152.1618, 152.19?, 153.8–9, 156.9, 156.14–19. + + +2010 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Beranek et al., figs. 6.22–23. + + +2012a + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Goudemand & Orchard in Goudemand et al., p. 1031, figs. 3C?, D, E, H, N, S. + + +2013 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Zhao et al., figs. 9CC, 10A-H, 11F?, 11P-R?. + + +2014 + +Novispathodus waageni + +n. subsp. +A; Goudemand, figs. 1A–1D + + +2014 + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +waageni +(Sweet) + +; Maekawa & Igo in Shigeta et al., p. 244, figs. 174.31–174.57, 175– 178, 179.1–179.3, 179.7–179.12, 179.16–179.30, 180, 181.1–181.27. + + +2015 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Chen et al., figs. 6.23, 7.11, 8.3, 8.8, 8.9, 8.11, 8.14. + + +2016 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Liang et al., fig. 4.8. + + +2018 + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +waageni +(Sweet) + +; Maekawa in Maekawa et al., figs. 22.3, 22.10–11, 22.13?, 23.14– 15, 23.18?. + + +2018 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Lyu et al., figs. 5, 6. + + +2019 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Lyu et al., figs. 7.8–10. + + +2019 + +Novispathodus waageni +(Sweet) + +; Souquet & Goudemand, figs. 3, 4a, 4g- +4t +. + + +2019 + +Novispathodus +aff. +waageni +(Sweet) + +; Souquet & Goudemand, figs. 4b– +4f. + + +Number of specimens +.> 50. + + +Diagnosis +. See +Sweet (1970) +. + + +Remarks. +Despite the exclusion of several former morphotypes which have been formally described as separate species, this common species still encompasses a lot of variation in the P +1 +element and may deserve further differentiation in the future. Up to six morphotypes have been recognized by distinct authors, e.g. +Zhao et al. (2004) +or +Orchard and Krystyn (2007) +, and several others later by Goudemand (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 2011). It is not yet clear whether these various morphotypes may be of any utility and hence whether some of those may deserve assignment to separate species (see for instance +Lyu et al., 2018 +for a discussion on the value of + +N. waageni eowaageni + +). + + +Occurrence +. + +N. waageni + +is a very common species in Smithian rocks worldwide. Its FAD has been proposed as a proxy for defining the base of the Olenekian (see discussions in e.g. +Goudemand 2014 +; +Lyu et al., 2018 +; Orchard, 2007, 2010; +Orchard & Krystyn, 2007 +; +Zhao et al., 2007 +; +Shigeta, 2009 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6458FF80FF1BEDFBD4E5FE47.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6458FF80FF1BEDFBD4E5FE47.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a6dc1e0eafb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6458FF80FF1BEDFBD4E5FE47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + +Genus +URDYELLA +gen. nov. + + + + + + +Type +species. +Urdyella unicorna + +n. sp. + + + + +Type +stratum and locality. + +Luolou Formation +, +Laren +road cut, +Guangxi Province +, +China + +. + + +Etymology +: Named after Severine Urdy. + + +Diagnosis +. Short coniform-to-segminiscaphate P +1 +element with a long cusp, usually at least twice the length of the adjacent denticle, a very short anterior process, and a broadly excavated basal cavity. + + +Remarks +. Te relationship of this genus to + +Cornudina + +is uncertain ( +Orchard, 2005 +, 2007). P +1 +elements similar to the P +1 +element of + +Urdyella + +n. gen. +are often considered as belonging to + +Cornudina +. + +Yet, as explained by +Orchard (2005) +, the +holotype +of + +Cornudina + +( + +O. breviramulus + +) appears to be a P +2 +element. Both +Kozur and Mostler (1971 +, p. 11) and Sweet (in +Clark et al., 1981 +, p. W155) placed + +Cornudina + +with + +Chirodella + +as a multi-element + +Chirodella + +. Te +holotype +of + +Chirodella + +( +Metalonchodina triquetra +) is an S +2 +element. Te +holotypes +of both + +Cornudina + +and + +Chirodella + +are from Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) collections made by +Tatge (1956) +, who described no elements like those described by +Orchard (2005) +as P +1 +. ‘ +Chirodella’ +sensu formo does not occur in Orchard’s nor in Koike’s Spathian collections of + +Cornudina + +. For this reason, +Koike (1996) +and +Orchard (2005) +regarded the two genera as unrelated: Koike reconstructed + +Cornudina + +as an apparatus consisting of P +1 +and P +2 +elements only ( + +Cornudina breviramulis + +) or of P +1 +elements only ( + +Cornudina igoi + +), whereas Orchard reconstructed + +Cornudina + +? as having an octomembrate apparatus whose P +2 +element vaguely resembles the +holotype +of + +Cornudina + +, but he questioned the very validity of that name for Spathian forms that might be unrelated to the ‘true’ Middle Triassic + +Cornudina + +. + + +‘ +Chirodella’ +sensu formo does not occur in our Smithian collections of + +Urdyella + +n. gen. +and neither does ‘ +Cornudina’ +sensu formo. Hence we suggest that + +Cornudina + +-likeP +1 +elements found in the Smithian, and possibly those found in the Spathian, belong to + +Urdyella + +n. gen. +not to + +Cornudina +. + + + +Based on multi-element considerations, Orchard grouped both ‘ +Cornudina’ +and + +Spathicuspus + +within the same subfamily +Cornudininae +. Because + +Spathicuspus + +seemed to occur first, he hypothesized that ‘ +Cornudina’ +evolved from + +Spathicuspus + +near the Lower/ Middle Triassic boundary through overall shortening of the P +1 +element. Since + +Urdyella + +occurs already in the Smithian, we suggest that + +Spathicuspus + +may have evolved from + +Urdyella + +and the Spathian forms of ‘ +Cornudina’ +either belong to + +Urdyella +, + +derived directly from + +Urdyella +, + +or as assumed by Orchard, evolved from + +Spathicuspus + +, although the latter hypothesis seems less likely. + +Urdyella + +itself may have evolved from + +Discretella + +via forms like + +Discretella + +? n. sp. B. + +Discretella + +has a much shorter cusp and a larger anterior process. Furthermore, the basal cavity in + +Urdyella + +is flatter and not as broadly excavated as in + +Cornudina + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BE93BD2E5F887.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BE93BD2E5F887.xml deleted file mode 100644 index afa035f9ee7..00000000000 --- a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BE93BD2E5F887.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ - - - -A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China - - - -Author - -Leu, Marc -Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland - - - -Author - -Bucher, Hugo -Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland - - - -Author - -Vennemann, Torsten - - - -Author - -Bagherpour, Borhan - - - -Author - -Ji, Cheng - - - -Author - -Brosse, Morgane - - - -Author - -Goudemand, Nicolas - -text - - -Swiss Journal of Palaeontology - - -2022 - -19 - - -2022-11-22 - - -141 - - -1 - - -1 -61 - - - - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x - -journal article -10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x -1664-2384 -PMC9681704 -36439694 -12000082 - - - - - - -Spathicuspus - -n. sp. -A - - - - - -Fig. 13M, P - - -2005 - -Neospathodus spathi -Sweet - -; Gaetani et al., p. 288, pl. 1, fig. 2 - - -2015 - -Spathicuspus spathi -(Sweet) - -; Chen et al., p. 112, fig. 8.16–8.17. - - -2015 - -Spathicuspus spathi -(Sweet) - -; Lehrmann et al., p. 123, fig. 5.28. - - -2016 - -Spathicuspus spathi -(Sweet) - -; Liang et al., p. 385, fig. 4.10. - -Number of specimens:>10 - -Description. -Short segminate P1 element with large, terminal, reclined or recurved cusp. Only two anterior denticles. Basal cavity is drop-shaped. - - -Remarks. -Very similar to - -Spathicuspus - -? n. sp. B (see below), but much shorter and with a larger basal cavity. Similar elements have been illustrated from other Chinese sections by -Chen et al. (2015) -and -Liang et al. (2016) -and hence this species may be useful as an index fossil for intrabasinal correlations. - - -Occurrence -. South -China -: Luolou Formation, Spathian, Nanpanjiang basin, Mingtang section, ( -Liang et al., 2016 -) Upper Guandao section, ( -Lehrmann et al., 2015 -), - -Triassospathodus homeri - -zone, Jiarong ( -Chen et al., 2015 -). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BEFDBD275FBE7.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BEFDBD275FBE7.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 1e800ddd0da..00000000000 --- a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BEFDBD275FBE7.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,138 +0,0 @@ - - - -A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China - - - -Author - -Leu, Marc -Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland - - - -Author - -Bucher, Hugo -Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland - - - -Author - -Vennemann, Torsten - - - -Author - -Bagherpour, Borhan - - - -Author - -Ji, Cheng - - - -Author - -Brosse, Morgane - - - -Author - -Goudemand, Nicolas - -text - - -Swiss Journal of Palaeontology - - -2022 - -19 - - -2022-11-22 - - -141 - - -1 - - -1 -61 - - - - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x - -journal article -10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x -1664-2384 -PMC9681704 -36439694 -12000082 -DE44D675-5D51-45FA-B134-C9203659E6B9 - - - - - -Genus - -SPATHICUSPUS -Orchard 2005 - - - - - - - -Type -species. - - -Neospathodus spathi -Sweet, 1970 -, pp. 257– 258 - -, pl. 1, fig. 5. - - - - -Type -stratum and locality. - -Mittiwali Member -, -Mianwali Formation -, -Narmia -, -Pakistan - -. - - -Remarks. -Based on his reconstruction of the multi-element apparatus of ‘Neospathodus’ - -spathi -Orchard (2005) - -considered these taxa deserved assignment not only to a new genus, but also to a new subfamily. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BEFDBD5A6F887.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BEFDBD5A6F887.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..21c52cfea3e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6459FF81FF1BEFDBD5A6F887.xml @@ -0,0 +1,371 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + +Genus + +SPATHICUSPUS +Orchard 2005 + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Neospathodus spathi +Sweet, 1970 +, pp. 257– 258 + +, pl. 1, fig. 5. + + + + +Type +stratum and locality. + +Mittiwali Member +, +Mianwali Formation +, +Narmia +, +Pakistan + +. + + +Remarks. +Based on his reconstruction of the multi-element apparatus of ‘Neospathodus’ + +spathi +Orchard (2005) + +considered these taxa deserved assignment not only to a new genus, but also to a new subfamily. + + + + + + +Spathicuspus + +n. sp. +A + + + + + +Fig. 13M, P + + +2005 + +Neospathodus spathi +Sweet + +; Gaetani et al., p. 288, pl. 1, fig. 2 + + +2015 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Chen et al., p. 112, fig. 8.16–8.17. + + +2015 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Lehrmann et al., p. 123, fig. 5.28. + + +2016 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Liang et al., p. 385, fig. 4.10. + +Number of specimens:>10 + +Description. +Short segminate P1 element with large, terminal, reclined or recurved cusp. Only two anterior denticles. Basal cavity is drop-shaped. + + +Remarks. +Very similar to + +Spathicuspus + +? n. sp. B (see below), but much shorter and with a larger basal cavity. Similar elements have been illustrated from other Chinese sections by +Chen et al. (2015) +and +Liang et al. (2016) +and hence this species may be useful as an index fossil for intrabasinal correlations. + + +Occurrence +. South +China +: Luolou Formation, Spathian, Nanpanjiang basin, Mingtang section, ( +Liang et al., 2016 +) Upper Guandao section, ( +Lehrmann et al., 2015 +), + +Triassospathodus homeri + +zone, Jiarong ( +Chen et al., 2015 +). + + + + + + +Spathicuspus + +? n. sp. B + + + + + +Fig. 13J–L, O +(N, R juvenile forms?) + + +2005 + +Spathicuspus +sp. A + +; Orchard, p.77, fig. 2, Nr. A. + + +2016 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Liang et al., p. 385, fig. 4.9. + + +2019 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Chen et al., fig. 7, nr. 6–8. + + +2021 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Chen et al., fig. 7.8 (only). + +Number of specimens:>30 + +Description. +Slender segminate P +1 +element with a terminal, reclined or recurved cusp that is usually broader than adjacent denticles, a shallow, posteriorly rounded basal cavity and three to seven anterior denticles. + + +Remarks. +Despite their overall resemblance with + +Spathicuspus spathi + +these elements are either too long and bear too many denticles or their cusp is not broad and blunt enough to be assigned to that species. Some of them may not belong to + +Spathicuspus + +at all. Similar and apparently coeval elements were illustrated by +Liang et al. (2016) +and +Chen et al. (2019) +from other sections in +China +and +Oman +. Te element illustrated by +Orchard (2005) +has similar aspect ratio and denticulation as for instance the specimen we illustrated in +Fig. 13O +, but it is also much younger and may be only superficially similar. + + +Occurrence +. South +China +: Luolou Formation, Spathian, Mingtang section, Nanpanjiang basin ( +Liang et al., 2016 +), Upper Guandao section ( +Orchard, 2005 +). +Oman +: Wadi Bani Khalid section, Spathian UAZ +7 +( +Chen et al., 2019 +). + +F13 + + + + + +Spathicuspus + +? n. sp. C + + + + + +Fig. 13Q + + +2016 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Liang et al., p. 385, fig. 4.11. + + +2021 + +Spathicuspus spathi +(Sweet) + +; Chen et al., fig. 7.5 (only). + +Number of specimens:>5 + +Description. +Small P1 element with a rounded basal cavity, a large, reclined and broad cusp, a small posterior denticle and a couple of declining denticles to the anterior. + + +Remarks. +Although the relationship of this species to + +Spathicuspus spathi + +and + +Spathicuspus + +n. sp. +A is unclear, its shape is intermediate. It differs in the presence of a posterior denticle. + + +Occurrence +. South +China +: Luolou Formation, Spathian, Mingtang section, Nanpanjiang basin ( +Liang et al., 2016 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D645DFF85FF1BEB7BD4CAFAC7.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D645DFF85FF1BEB7BD4CAFAC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2be6d3e07f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D645DFF85FF1BEB7BD4CAFAC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + +Genus + +HADRODONTINA +Staesche, 1964 + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Hadrodontina anceps +Staesche, 1964 + +. + + + + +Type +stratum and locality. + +Campiller +member, +Skyth +, +South Tirol +, +Italy + +. + + +Remarks +. +Tere +is still an ongoing debate about the phylogenetic relationships of + +Pachycladina + +, + +Parapachycladina + +and + +Hadrodontina + +. +Sweet (1988) +in his prioniodinid phylogeny considered + +Pachycladina + +and + +Hadrodontina + +as sister taxa. Some species of + +Pachycladina + +were assigned to a new genus + +Parapachycladina + +by +Shunxin et al. (1997) +, but this view is not widely accepted. Orchard (2007) observed that + +Hadrodontina anceps + +, + +Ellisonia +aff. +triassica + +and + +Pachycladina peculiaris + +appear to constitute a natural group, although they are currently assigned to different genera. Based on their cladistics analysis, +Donoghue et al. (2008) +concluded that + +Pachycladina + +is either a sister taxon to + +Ellisonia + +or stays unresolved in a polytomy with + +Ellisonia +, +Hadrodontina + +and + +Furnishius + +. Based on his multi-element apparatus reconstructions, +Koike (2016) +included + +Hadrodontina + +and + +Pachycladina + +within the subfamily + +Hadrodontinae ( +Koike, 2016 +) + +, supporting the original view of +Sweet (1988) +. We follow here this suprageneric classification and include + +Hadrodontina + +and + +Pachycladina + +within the subfamily +Hadrodontinae +. More recently, +Sun et al. (2020) +published 3 natural assemblages of + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +and confirmed the suprageneric classification of +Koike (2016) +. + + +In P +1 +elements, what most distinguishes + +Pachycladina + +from + +Hadrodontina + +is the basal configuration: the inverted basal ‘attachment’ surface of + +Pachycladina + +occupies the entire lower side plus one lateral side of the carina, whereas in + +Hadrodontina + +, a basal cavity with a deep basal groove is usually formed on the lower side and the attachment surface rarely extends over the mid-part of the keel, if at all. Te denticles of + +Pachycladina + +are also less numerous but much larger in relative size than those of + +Hadrodontina + +. Based on multi-element reconstructions however, +Koike (2016) +showed that + +Pachycladina peculiaris + +, as well as + +Ellisonia +aff. +triassica +( +Koike et al., 2004 +) + +, should be synonymized with + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D645DFF86FCA1E85BD2E2FBC7.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D645DFF86FCA1E85BD2E2FBC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ceff4d0deb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D645DFF86FCA1E85BD2E2FBC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,560 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche, 1964 + + + + + + +P +1 +elements: +Figs. 27F–M +; +28A, C, E + + +P + +2 + +elements: +Figs. 27B–E +; +28B, D + + +S + +2 + +elements: +Fig. 27A + + +P + +1 + +element: + + + + +*1964 +Hadrodontina aequabilis +n. sp. +; Staesche, p. 275, figs. 43, 44. + + +1984 + +Sweetocristatus unicus + +n. sp. +; Dagis, pp. 37–38, pl. X, figs. 6–9. + + +1990 + +Pachycladina peculiaris + +n. sp. +; Shunxin (Zhang), pl. 2, fig. 4 + + +1991 + +Pachycladina peculiaris + +n. sp. +; Zhang in Zhang & Yang, p. 40, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2. + + +1997 + +Parapachycladina peculiaris +Zhang + +; Shunxin et al., pp. 65–69, pl. 1, figs. 1–2, pl. 2, figs. 1–2, pl. 3 figs. 1–2. + + + +Fig. 27 +Hadrodontinae +from Qiakong, Laren, Shanggang and Lilong. Magnification is ×80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to beP +1 +elements if not specifically identified otherwise. +A +, + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +(S +2 +element) (Staesche);SHA344, PIMUZ 39141. +B–E +, + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +(P +2 +element) (Staesche); +B +LAR214, PIMUZ 39142; +C +QIA13, PIMUZ 39143; +D +LIL500,PIMUZ 39144, +E +SHA344,PIMUZ 39145. +F–M + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +(Staesche) + +; +F +LIL502, PIMUZ 39146; +G +LIL503, PIMUZ 39147; +H +QIA134, PIMUZ 39148; +I +QIA134,PIMUZ 39149; +J +QIA 133, PIMUZ 39150; +K +LIL502,PIMUZ 39151; +L +LIL501,PIMUZ 39152; +M +LIL501, PIMUZ 39153 + + + + +Fig. 28 +Hadrodontinae +from Shanggang.Magnification is × 80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P +1 +elements if not specifically identified otherwise. +A +, +C +, +E + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +(Staesche) + +; +A +SHA 345C, PIMUZ 39154; +C +SHA345C,PIMUZ 39155; +E +SHA344C, PIMUZ 39156. +B +, +D + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +(P +2 +element) (Staesche); +B +SHA345C, PIMUZ 39157; +D +SHA345C, PIMUZ 39158 + + + +2004 + +Ellisonia +sp. aff. +E. triassica +Müller, 1956 + +; Koike et al., figs. 8.7, 8.8. + + +2009 + +Ellisonia +? cf. +peculiaris +Sweet + +; Igo in Shigeta et al., p. 182, fig. 152.22. + + +2013 + +Parachirognathus geiseri +Clark + +; Yan et al., p. 516, fig. 6 FF. + + +2015 + +Parachirognathus peculiaris +Zhang & Guo + +; Chen et al., figs. 8.20–21, 24. + + +2015 + +Sweetocristatus unicus +Dagis + +; Chen et al., fig. +8.23. 2016 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Koike, pp. 164–167, fig. 2, nr. 1–3. + + +2018 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Maekawa in Maekawa et al., p. 18, figs. 13.3?–13.4 (only). + + +2020 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Sun et al., figs. 1–7 (natural assemblage of the + +Hadrodontina + +apparatus). + + +P +2 +element: + + +*1964 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +n. sp. +; Staesche, p. 275, fig. 44. + + +2004 + +Ellisonia +sp. + +aff. + +E. triassica +Müller + +; Koike et al., p. 247, fig. 8.6 + + +2016 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Koike, p. 165, figs. 2.4 (P2 element). + + +2020 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Sun et al., figs. 1–7 (natural assemblage of the + +Hadrodontina + +apparatus). + + +S +2 +element. 2004 + +Ellisonia +sp. + +aff. + +E. triassica +Müller + +; Koike et al., p. 247, fig. 8.4 + + +2016 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Koike, p. 165, figs. 2.9–11. + + +2020 + +Hadrodontina aequabilis +Staesche + +; Sun et al., figs. 1–7 (natural assemblage of the + +Hadrodontina + +apparatus). + + + + +Material. +P +1 +, more than 40; P +2 +, more than 40; S +2 +more than 10. + + +Revised diagnosis. +Robust to slender angulate P +1 +element. Te 6–8 (usually 7) denticles are rather short, radiating, conical, with subtriangular free ends and they are increasingly reclined towards the posterior. Te concave lower side is occupied by a large and wide groove. + + + + +Remarks +. Te observed variation in the denticulation of the P +1 +and P +2 +elements suggests there may be scope for further specific differentiation: in some elements the height of the denticles changes smoothly along the unit ( +Fig. 28B +), whereas in others the denticles are alternatively high and low ( +Fig. 28D +). +Dagis (1984) +assigned some specimens (here considered as junior synonyms of + +Ha. aequabilis + +) to + +Sweetocristatus unicus + +. Yet, the genus + +Sweetocristatus +Szaniawski + +(in +Szaniawski & Malkowski, 1979 +) was established for Upper Artinskian to Lower Guadalupian (Permian) P +1 +elements that, although superficially similar to homologous elements of + +Hadrodontina + +and + +Pachycladina +, + +bear a more developed, higher cusp, a higher carina and have a more elongated process. Te cusp in + +Ellisonia + +P +1 +elements is more conspicuous than in those of + +Hadrodontina + +or + +Pachycladina + +. +Chen et al. (2015) +illustrated coeval specimens from Jiarong they assigned to either + +Sweetocristatus unicus + +or + +Parachirognathus peculiaris + +(see their figs. 8.20 and 8.23) but we fail to distinguish them from + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +. With three natural assemblages of + +Hadrodontina aequabilis + +from the late Smithian Helongshan Formation, South +China +, +Sun et al. (2020) +observations fits with our findings; the angulate shape and no distinct cusp in the P +1 +element and the distally twisting shape of the P +2 +element. + + +Occurrence +. +Russia +; Smithian +Hedenstroemia +and tardus zone, Siberia ( +Dagis 1984 +), Zhitkov Formation, Smithian age, Abrek Bay area, South Primorye ( +Shigeta, 2009 +). +China +; Beisi Formation, Taiping, Pingguo Western +Guangxi Province +( +Shunxin et al., 1997 +), Luolou Formation, Smithian age, Jiarong and Bianyang, Nanpanjiang Basin, southern +Guizhou Province +( +Chen et al., 2015 +; +Yan et al., 2013 +), Late Smithian Helongshan Formation, Chaohu, +Anhui Province +( +Sun et al., 2020 +). +Japan +: Taho Formation, Shirokawa-cho, Higashiuwa-gun, +Ehime Prefecture +(below Smithian–Spathian boundary) ( +Koike 2016 +; +Koike et al., 2004 +). Europe: Campiller member, Werfen Formation, Skyth, South Tirol, +Italy +( +Staesche, 1964 +), +Slovenia +( +Kolar-Jurkovšek & Jurkovšek, 2019 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6473FFADFF1BEF9BD2A8FDA7.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6473FFADFF1BEF9BD2A8FDA7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d4206b9ad2c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6473FFADFF1BEF9BD2A8FDA7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,524 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +( +Zhao & Orchard, 2007 +) + + + + + +Fig. 17D–F; M–P, R, S, U, X +, AA, AB, AD, AF + + + + +*2007 + +Neospathodus pingdingshanensis + +n. sp. +; Zhao & Orchard, Zhao et al., p.36, pl. 1, fig. 4A–C. + + +2012a + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Goudemand & Orchard in Goudemand et al., p. 1030–1031, figs. 2B, F, G, I–J, M, P, Q, AD, 3T-U, 6. + + +2013 + +Neospathodus pingdingshanensis +Zhao & Orchard + +; Chen et al., p 825, fig. 3.10, 3.12. + + +2013 + +Neospathodus waageni + +subsp. nov. +A; Metcalfe et al., p. 1144, figs. 9.1–9.5, 9.7, 9.8, 9.10. + + +2014 + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Maekawa & Igo in Shigeta, p. 239–240, figs. 171.13–171.31. + + +2015 + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Chen et al., p. 111, 112, figs. 7.1–7.4, 8.5, 8.6. + + +2016 + +Novispathodus + +ex. gr. + +pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Komatsu et al., p. 69, figs. 5.4a–5.5c. + + +2016 + +Neospathodus robustus +Koike + +; Chen & Kolar-Jurkovšek in Chen et al., p. 93, fig. 9.5 (only). + + +2018 + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Maekawa in Maekawa et al., p. 36–37, figs. 20.2–20.18, 21.1–21.13. + + +2019 + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Chen et al., fig. 3, nr. 8. + + +2019 + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; Liu et al., p. 13, pl. 3 fig. 5 (only). + + +Material. +> +100 specimens +. + + + + +Diagnosis +(Zhao and Orchard, in +Zhao et al., 2007 +; emended by Goudemand, in +Goudemand et al., 2012b +). Small segminate P +1 +elements characterized by a length/ height ratio in the range of 1.32–2.34, and about 4–9 robust, wide, mostly fused, and distinctively posteriorly recurved denticles. In lateral view, the basal margin is usually straight. A large, broadly expanded oval to sub-rounded basal cavity is upturned on the inner margin and flat to downturned on the outer margin. + + + + +Remarks. +Goudemand (in +Goudemand et al., 2012b +) revised the original diagnosis by noticing that the basal margin is not necessarily straight and therefore, the most strikingly difference to + +Nv. waageni + +is the denticulation: the denticles axes are distinctively recurved posteriorly whereas in + +Nv. waageni + +and + +Nv. abruptus +, + +the denticles are straight, inclined or radiating. Te two or three denticles anterior of the cusp are often clearly asymmetrical and the posterior edge of the element is much shorter than the anterior one. In most sections worldwide, + +Nv. pingdingshanensis + +first occurs within the positive δ +13 +Ccarb +excursion of the latest Smithian and may extend to the earliest Spathian ( +Goudemand et al., 2019 +; +Leu et al., 2019 +; +Zhang et al., 2019 +). Some elements within our rich material resemble + +Ns. Pingdingshanensis + +, but appear to have a relatively small basal cavity, more posteriorly recurved denticles or more numerous denticles that what was previously described for this species. Tese elements ( +Figs. 17C, J, K, T +; +18E, I–K +; +19O, Q +; +20H, N–O, S +; here assigned to +N. +ex gr. + +pingdingshanensis + +) may deserve differentiation in the future. Two elements illustrated by Metcalfe et al., (2013, figs. 9.6, 9.9, p. 1144) as ‘ + +Neospathodus waageni + +subsp. nov. +A’ display a higher anterior end and more recurved denticles than the other elements they included in ‘ + +Neospathodus waageni + +subsp. nov. +A’, which we synonymized with + +Ns. pingdingshanensis + +: elements like these two elements do not seem to fit in + +Ns. pingdingshanensis + +and may deserve assignment to a new species. Some further elements resembling + +Ns. pingdingshanensis + +but distinctively shorter than + +Ns. pingdingshanensis + +are herein assigned to a new species ( + +Nv. gryphus + +n. sp. +see below). + + +(See figure on next page.) + + + + +Fig. 17 + +Novispathodinae +from Qiakong,Laren, Shanggang,and Lilong. Magnification is × 80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P +1 +elements if not specifically identified otherwise. +A–C +, +J +, +T +, +AA + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; +A +, QIA138,PIMUZ 39226; +B +QIA138, PIMUZ 39227; +C +LAR202, PIMUZ 39228; +J +QIA136, PIMUZ 39229; +T +LIL504, PIMUZ 39230; +AA +LIL508,PIMUZ 39231. +D–F +, +M–P +, +R +, +S +, +U +, +X +, +AB +, +AD + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; +D +QIA135, PIMUZ 39259; +E +LIL508,PIMUZ 39260; +F +LIL506, PIMUZ 39261; +M +LIL506, PIMUZ 39262; +N +LIL506,PIMUZ 39263; +O +LIL507, PIMUZ 39264; +P +LIL506, PIMUZ 39265; +R +LIL508,PIMUZ 39266; +S +LAR204,PIMUZ 39267; +U +LIL507, PIMUZ 39268; +X +LIL508, PIMUZ 39269; +AB +LIL508, PIMUZ 39270; +AD +LIL508, PIMUZ 39271. +G +, +I +, +Q + +Novispathodus + +cf. + +? +gryphus + +n. sp. +; +G +QIA136, PIMUZ 39204; +I +QIA136, PIMUZ 39205; +Q +QIA135, PIMUZ 39206. +H +, +K +, +L + +Novispathodus gryphus + +n. sp. +; +H +QIA135, PIMUZ 39243; +K +LIL506, PIMUZ 39244; +L +LIL506,PIMUZ 39245. + +V + + +Novispathodus praebrevissimus + +n. sp. +; LIL507, PIMUZ 39273. +W +, +Y +, +Z +, +AE + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +abruptus +(Orchard) + +; +W +LIL505, PIMUZ 39208; +Y +SHA346,PIMUZ 39209; +Z +LIL506, PIMUZ 39210; +AE +SHA346, PIMUZ 39211. +AC +sp. indet.; LIL504, PIMUZ 39295. +AF + +Novispathodus pingdingshanensis + +(P +1 +cluster) (Zhao & Orchard); QIA136, PIMUZ 39272 + + + + +Fig. 17 +(See legend on previous page.) + + + +Occurrence +. Worldwide occurrence. +China +: Jinya/ Waili area, +Guangxi +( +Goudemand et al., 2012b +) Jiarong, southern +Guizhou +( +Chen et al., 2013 +, +2015 +). Anshun Fm., Qingyan section, +Guizhou +( +Ji et al., 2011 +). Chaohu (Zhao et al., 2007, 2008). Daxiakou, +Hubei +( +Zhao et al., 2013 +). +Vietnam +: Bac Tuy Fm., + +Xenoceltites variocostatus + +and + +Tirolites + +beds, ( +Komatsu et al., 2016 +; +Shigeta et al., 2014 +). +Canada +: + +Scythogondolella mosheri + +zone, Wapiti Lake ( +Orchard & Zonneveld, 2009 +). +Australia +: Hovea Member of Kockatea Shale, upper part of + +Neospathodus waageni + +Zone, Smithian substage ( +Metcalfe et al., 2013 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6475FFAEFCA1EE7BD0D0FA07.xml b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6475FFAEFCA1EE7BD0D0FA07.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77946c0ffbc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6475FFAEFCA1EE7BD0D0FA07.xml @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ + + + +A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China + + + +Author + +Leu, Marc +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Bucher, Hugo +Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Vennemann, Torsten + + + +Author + +Bagherpour, Borhan + + + +Author + +Ji, Cheng + + + +Author + +Brosse, Morgane + + + +Author + +Goudemand, Nicolas + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +19 + + +2022-11-22 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +61 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x + +journal article +10.1186/s13358-022-00259-x +1664-2384 +PMC9681704 +36439694 +12000082 + + + + + +Novispathodus +ex gr. +abruptus +( +Orchard, 1995 +) + + + + + +Figs. 16E +; +17W, Y, Z +, AE; 18H; 20A–G, K, L, M, Q, X + + + + +1981 + +Neospathodus homeri +Bender + +; Koike, pl. 1, fig. 5. + + +1984 + +Neospathodus +sp. A + +; Hatleberg & Clark, pl. 3, fig. 8, 21. + + +*1995 + +Neospathodus abruptus + +n. sp. +; Orchard, p. 118, 119, figs. 3.16–3.19, 3.23–3.26. + + +2005 + +Novispathodus abruptus +(Orchard) + +; Orchard, p. 90, text-fig. 16. + + +2009 + +Novispathodus abruptus +(Orchard) + +; Orchard & Zonneveld, p. 784, fig. 15 parts 34–37. + + +2012a +Novispathodus +sp. nov. +A; Goudemand & Orchard in Goudemand et al., p. 1031, figs. 2A, R?, Z?. + + +2012a +Novispathodus +sp. nov. +B; Goudemand & Orchard in Goudemand et al., p. 1031, fig. 3V. + + +2018 + +Novispathodus abruptus +(Orchard) + +; Maekawa in Maekawa et al., p. 33, figs., 18.1–18.3, 18.20, 18.23, 18.24, 18.26, 18.27 (only). + + + + +Material +.> +50 specimens +. + + + + +Diagnosis +. As in +Orchard, 1995 +. + + + + +Remarks +. Here we consider + +Nv. abruptus + +in a broad sense, including elements that correspond to + +Nv. abruptus + +sensu stricto together with forms that have been suggested to deserve assignment to separate species, such as +Nv +. sp. nov. A and +Nv +. sp. nov. B Goudemand and Orchard (in +Goudemand et al., 2012b +). We consider the most diagnostic feature of +Nv +. ex gr. + +abruptus + +is the terminal 1–3 progressively smaller denticles at the posterior end. + + +(See figure on next page.) + + + + +Fig. 18 + +Novispathodinae +from Laren and Lilong. Magnification is ×80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P +1 +elements if not specifically identified otherwise. +A +, +B +, +D +, +F +, +L–N +, +Q +, +S +, +T + +Novispathodus praebrevissimus + +n. sp. +; +A +LIL506,PIMUZ 39274; +B +LAR207, PIMUZ 39275; +D +LIL508, PIMUZ 39276; +F +LIL507, PIMUZ 39277; +L +LIL507, PIMUZ 39278; +M +LIL509, PIMUZ 39279; +N +LIL507,PIMUZ 39280; +Q +LIL507, PIMUZ 39281; +S +LIL507, PIMUZ 39282; +T +LIL507, PIMUZ 39283. +C +, +O +, +R + +Novispathodus +? +praebrevissimus + +n. sp. +; +C +LAR204,PIMUZ 39284; +O +LIL507, PIMUZ 39285; +R +LIL507, PIMUZ 39286. +E +, +I + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; +E +LIL507,PIMUZ 39232, +I +LIL507, PIMUZ 39233. +G + +Triassospathodus +aff. +symmetricus +(Orchard) + +;LIL507, PIMUZ 39309. +H + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +abruptus +(Orchard) + +; LIL507, PIMUZ 39212. +J +, +K + +Novispathodus praebrevissimus + +(juvenile) n. sp.; +J +LIL507, PIMUZ 39287; +K +LIL507,PIMUZ 39288. +P + +Novispathodus robustispinus +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; LIL507,PIMUZ 39290 + + + + +Fig. 18 +(See legend on previous page.) + + + + +Fig. 19 +Novispathodinae +from Qiakong,Laren and Lilong. Magnification is ×80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P +1 +elements if not specifically identified otherwise. +A + +Novispathodus +cf. +brevissimus +(Orchard) + +; LIL515C,PIMUZ 39199. +B +, +F + +Novispathodus brevissimus +(Orchard) + +; +B +LIL515B, PIMUZ 39200; +F +BAN1, PIMUZ 39201. +C + +Triassospathodus homeri +(Bender) + +; LIL515D,PIMUZ 39317. +D +, +H + +Novispathodus +? +brevissimus +(Orchard) + +; +D +LIL515D,PIMUZ 39202; +H +LIL514A, PIMUZ 39203. +E + +Triassospathodus +cf. +homeri +(Bender) + +; LIL515C, PIMUZ 39318. +G +, +K +, +O–Q + +Novispathodus + +n. sp. +A; +G +LIL504,PIMUZ 39251; +K +LIL504,PIMUZ 39252; +O +LIL505, PIMUZ 39253; +P +LIL505, PIMUZ 39254; +Q +LIL505,PIMUZ 39255. +I +, +L +, +M +, + +Triassospathodus symmetricus +(Orchard) + +; +I +QIA141, PIMUZ 39336; +L +LIL512, PIMUZ 39337; +M +LIL514A, PIMUZ 39338. +J + +Novispathodus + +ex gr. + +pingdingshanensis +(Zhao & Orchard) + +; QIA138, PIMUZ 39237. +N + +Triassospathodus +cf. +symmetricus + +; LIL514B, PIMUZ 39339. +R + +Novispathodus praebrevissimus + +n.sp; LIL505, PIMUZ 39289 + + + +Te P +1 +element of this species is less robust, more rectangular with more fused denticles than that of + +Ic +. +crassatus + +. Its morphology also recalls that of the homologous element in + +Nv +. +pingdingshanensis + +, but its basal cavity is relatively smaller and its denticles are not as posteriorly recurved nor usually as broad as in the latter. Te P +1 +element of + +Tr. symmetricus + +has more posteriorly reclined denticles, it may have a small terminal denticle but not several of increasingly smaller size. Yet, the distinction between + +Tr. symmetricus + +and + +Nv. abruptus + +may be confusing. Te P +1 +element of + +Tr +. +homeri + +has a more elongated basal cavity and a more developed, posteriorly reclined and laterally deflected process than in both + +Tr. symmetricus + +and + +Nv. abruptus + +. Goudemand and Orchard (in +Goudemand et al., 2012b +) implicitly suggested that elements like those of their +Nv +. sp. nov. B, where the small terminal denticles are not increasingly smaller but of equal (small) height instead, may be transitional between + +Nv. abruptus + +and + +Tr. homeri + +(compare the elements illustrated in figs. 2.9 and 3.17 of +Orchard 1995 +, assigned to + +Tr. homeri + +and + +Nv. Abruptus + +, respectively). Note further that, based on the material from Tsoteng, it is likely that suchP +1 +elements were still associated with a + +Novispathodus + +apparatus. Tis suggests that P +1 +elements like that of + +Tr. homeri + +may have evolved before the more substantial modifications of the rest of the apparatus implied by the difference between + +Novispathodus + +and + +Triassospathodus + +. + + +Occurrence +. Worldwide occurrence in latest Smithian and early Spathian rocks. + +Xenoceltites + +and + +Tirolites + +beds within + +Nv +. +pingdingshanensis + +and + +Nv +. +brevissimus + +zones, +Japan +( +Koike, 1981 +; +Maekawa et al., 2018 +). +Oman +( +Orchard, 1995 +). British Columbia ( +Orchard & Zonneveld, 2009 +), South +China +; +Goudemand et al., 2012b +; this study). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/69/00/A3/6900A32CD76D39419915FDBE1D907AE1.xml b/data/69/00/A3/6900A32CD76D39419915FDBE1D907AE1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8ae410ffcbe --- /dev/null +++ b/data/69/00/A3/6900A32CD76D39419915FDBE1D907AE1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ + + + +Middle Triassic Nautilida from the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Pieroni, Vittorio + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +21 + + +2022-12-23 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00263-1 + +journal article +300352 +10.1186/s13358-022-00263-1 +f7f72d31-9050-4c9e-8602-169960b6bade +1664-2384 +12000806 +901651C3-35D4-4096-A55C-16752F2DBCE5 + + + + + + +Syringonautilus sp. + +Figure 5 a–c +. + + + + + +Material +Specimen +PIMUZ +37903, partially preserved as internal mold (about the last half-whorl, fractured and slightly deformed), partially as external mold from which a silicon cast was produced. + + + + +Measurements +At maximum dm (deformed) of 44.5 mm other dimensions are: wh = 23.5 mm, uw = +10 mm +, ww= +25 mm +. + + +Locality and age +Point 902/ Mirigioli (Meride, +Canton Ticino +). Middle Besano Formation, Illyrian, Secedensis Zone (bed 104, light grey dolomite). + + + +Fig. 4 + +Stoppaniceras +cf. +artinii + +( +Airaghi, 1912a +, +1912b +) associated with PIMUZ 29942. Image obtained producing positive silicon cast from negative external mold + + + +Description +Te specimen consists of about the last whorl, lacking its inner whorls. It shows a rapidly expanding smooth conch, with whorls deeply embracing. Te whorl section is more or less elliptical. Te anterior whorl section is higher than wide, well rounded and with the maximum width at the umbilical shoulders. Te umbilical shoulder passes to the inclined umbilical wall forming a continuous curve. Te flanks are convex, but slightly flattened, converging externally. In the last half-whorl, the ventrolateral shoulder becomes angularly rounded and corresponds to the maximum width of whorl. Te venter is convex and rounded, slightly flattened. Te other characters are not observable. + + + + +Fig. 5 + +Syringonautilus +sp. + +, PIMUZ 37903, P. 902/Mirigioli (Monte San Giorgio), Middle Besano Formation (bed 104), uppermost Anisian: +a +lateral view, left side, +b +oral view, +c +ventral view + + + + +Discussion +Tis poorly preserved specimen shows similarities with species of + +Syringonautilus + +(e.g., +Mojsisovics, 1882 +; Pieroni, 2020) from the Middle Triassic of the Alps. Following +Kummel (1953 +, p. 60), + +Syringonautilus + +can be distinguished from + +Syringoceras + +only by the position of its siphuncle: while in + +Syringonautilus + +it is subcentral, in + +Syringoceras + +it is nearly marginal. However, this character is still unknown in many species, and it is not visible in the present specimen. Te whorl section of + +Syringoceras + +is usually slightly compressed ( +Kummel, 1953 +, p. 61) and more expanded in + +Syringonautilus + +as in the present specimen. Among the species belonging to + +Syringonautilus + +documented in literature, + +Syringonautilus bosnensis + +( +Hauer, 1892 +, p. 6 [254], pl. 1, +Fig. 3a–c +; Trinodosus Zone of Han Bulog, +Bosnia +) shares the shape of whorl section and the umbilical width with the specimen here described. Te whorls of + +Syringonautilus lilianus +( +Mojsisovics, 1882 +) + +are less rapidly expanding and the conch has a wider umbilicus and circular to subquadrate whorl sections. + +Syringonautilus +cf. +lilianus +( +Mojsisovics, 1882 +) + +from Rasa di Varese (Varese, Lombardy, Rasa Dolomite, San Salvatore Dolomite, Reitzi Zone sup.) was described by +Pieroni (2011 +, p. 57, pl. 2 cefalopodi, +Fig. 3 +). It shows a more subquadrate whorl section and is more evolute. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/69/00/A3/6900A32CD76F394E9915FEBE1B457921.xml b/data/69/00/A3/6900A32CD76F394E9915FEBE1B457921.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7ba94ee90c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/69/00/A3/6900A32CD76F394E9915FEBE1B457921.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +Middle Triassic Nautilida from the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland + + + +Author + +Pieroni, Vittorio + +text + + +Swiss Journal of Palaeontology + + +2022 + +21 + + +2022-12-23 + + +141 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00263-1 + +journal article +300352 +10.1186/s13358-022-00263-1 +f7f72d31-9050-4c9e-8602-169960b6bade +1664-2384 +12000806 +901651C3-35D4-4096-A55C-16752F2DBCE5 + + + + + + +Germanonautilus aff. ellipticus +Parnes, 1986 + + + + + + +Fig. 3 +a–f. + + + + +Material +Specimen +PIMUZ +29942, a poorly preserved natural mold of the living chamber, filled by carbonate sediment; with slightly deformed coiling, partially included in the matrix. Te original shell is dissolved, with its morphology preserved on the ventral area. + + + + +Measurements +At maximum dm (deformed) of +95 mm +other dimensions are: wh = +40 mm +, uw = +33 mm +, ww= +75 mm +; at dm of +70 mm +other dimensions are: wh = +34 mm +, uw = +24 mm +, ww = +69 mm +. + + +Locality and age +Valle Stelle (Meride, +Canton Ticino +). Middle Besano Formation, Illyrian, Secedensis Zone (recovered from a laminated bituminous dolostone in a gallery of the former mine; correlating to bed 73). In association with an imprint of an ammonoid ( +Fig. 4 +) classified here as + +Stoppaniceras +cf. +artinii + +( +Airaghi, 1912a +, +1912b +). + + +Description +Evolute shell (uw/dm = 0.34), consisting of about the last whorl. Te umbilicus is broad, without any preserved structure. Siphuncle and suture line are not visible. Te whorl section, wider than high, is subelliptical, with the maximum width at the umbilical shoulders. Te ventral area is convex, widely arched, with more or less rounded distinct ventrolateral shoulders. Te flanks are rounded and convex. Te umbilical shoulder passes to the inclined umbilical wall forming a continuous curve. Te growth lines are observable only on the ventral area and form a wide and deep hyponomic sinus. + + + + +Discussion +Te genus + +Germanonautilus + +is usually characterized by a narrow umbilicus and trapezoidal whorl sections, with more or less flattened or depressed venter. Te specimen described here shows similarities in particular with + +Germanonautilus ellipticus +Parnes, 1986 + +. Tis species was described by +Parnes (1986) +from the Middle Triassic of +Israel +(Negev, Saharonim Formation, Lower Ladinian). It has a relatively wide umbilicus, a well-rounded elliptical whorl section, which is wider than high, and a regularly arched convex venter. Te present specimen is more evolute (uw/dm= 0.34 at dm = +70 mm +) than + +Germanonautilus ellipticus + +(uw/dm = 0.24 at dm = +80 mm +, +Parnes 1986 +showing a wider umbilicus and a last whorl only slightly embracing the former volution. Up to now, forms similar to + +G. ellipticus + +were not documented in Southern Alps. + +Germanonautilus brooksi +Smith, 1927 + +from Alaska (Carnian) described by +Kummel (1953) +, shows a well-rounded elliptical whorl section and a wide umbilicus. Following +Kummel (1953 +, p. 29). the specimens described originally by Smith are small conchs probably corresponding to immature growth stages, with deeply embracing whorls and more distinct umbilical shoulders. + + + + +Fig. 3 + +Germanonautilus +aff. +ellipticus +Parnes, 1986 + +, PIMUZ 29942,Valle Stelle/Tre Fontane (Monte San Giorgio), Middle Besano Formation (bed + + +73), Secedensis Zone, Illyrian: +a +original specimen partially included in the matrix, lateral view, +b +ventral view,associated with an external mold of + +Stoppaniceras +cf. +artinii + +, +c +plaster cast replica of the same specimen, lateral view, +d +plaster cast replica of the same specimen,ventral view, +e +plaster cast replica of the same specimen, ventrolateral view, +f +drawing of the ventral view showing the hypothetical whorl section (in grey the flank areas) + + + + +Family + +Syringonautilidae +Mojsisovics, 1902 + + + +Genus + +Syringonautilus +Mojsisovics, 1902 + + + + + +Type +species. + +Nautilus lilianus +Mojsisovics, 1882 + + + + + \ No newline at end of file