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<paragraph id="099181ACA0767EC433EF7D2F29BECDF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="4567">Notes</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="1E8D7F2072E325A8AD86F5CC6BF5628D" author="Barreto-Reyes, P." journalOrPublisher="Anales de la Sociedad de Biologia de Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="4567" pagination="46 - 94" title="Lista de mosquitos de Colombia (Diptera: Culicidae)." volume="7" year="1955">Barreto-Reyes 1955</bibRefCitation>
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<treatment id="08B926A45F9FE0137BF70EBC9E3331C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08B926A45F9FE0137BF70EBC9E3331C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08B926A45F9FE0137BF70EBC9E3331C6" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="6D56960D78237EBF675795962F38AC1A" ID-CoL="FH5" ID-ENA="34984" authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" family="Pythonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="family">Pythonidae Fitzinger, 1826</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="49258F961431673CA2B8C6470D6E901B" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="general information">
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<paragraph id="1E616A64AB562C849B9683D268C37C21" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">General information.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="308A6D1C36C813E3864A20EC0B792188" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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||||
Pythonids comprise some the largest and most impressive snakes of all time (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3B90452DD7C9E12BC27CEB3C084D4678" author="Murphy, JC" journalOrPublisher="Krieger Publishing, Malabar, FL" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B396" refString="Murphy, JC, Henderson, RW, 1997. Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, FL" title="Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons." year="1997">Murphy and Henderson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Their fascinating nature is aptly imprinted also in their etymology, with the namesake type genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="14E4BDA331EC3164DF591521CDF633E5" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="3152D024FDA3760C82A889FC4F753B03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Daudin, 1803, named after the mythical serpent (Πύθων) that was guarding the Oracle of Delphi in Greek mythology. Pythons were long lumped for many decades into an expansive
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A4FFDB6F4429ACBB76E409A9641B64C" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Boidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see the respective entry above), although still certain early workers treated them as a distinct family (e.g.,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F3F7D7BB87B4E7B47BE8631B325C97B2" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="224 - 231" refId="B124" refString="Cope, ED, 1864. On the characters of the higher Groups of Reptilia Squamata - and especially of Diploglossa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16: 224 - 231" title="On the characters of the higher Groups of Reptilia Squamata - and especially of Diploglossa." volume="16" year="1864">Cope 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B02DAEC5BC7900002ED5CCE98D5A8ABF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="7 - 98" refId="B132" refString="Cope, ED, 1887. Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 32: 7 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" title="Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" volume="32" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7980BB7CD69D683383F1E29DE96FB141" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275737" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="477 - 483" refId="B133" refString="Cope, ED, 1893. Prodromus of a new System of the non-venomous snakes. The American Naturalist 27: 477 - 483, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275737" title="Prodromus of a new System of the non-venomous snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275737" volume="27" year="1893">1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="226F4D5FD7EC0E085E9567E33A122A14" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 1143" refId="B137" refString="Cope, ED, 1898. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U.S. National Museum 1898: 1 - 1143" title="The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U. S." volume="1898" year="1898">1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DE1653EFC5B7BE68D29F5EA028FAA5C8" author="Zittel, KA" journalOrPublisher="Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B697" refString="Zittel, KA, 1887-1890. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig" title="Handbuch der Palaeontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. R." year="1887 - 1890">Zittel 1887-1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="936CD3BA677F594E73EE80855A262EB0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800173480" author="Lydekker, R" journalOrPublisher="Geological Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="110 - 113" refId="B357" refString="Lydekker, R, 1888. Notes on Tertiary Lacertilia and Ophidia. Geological Magazine 5: 110 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800173480" title="Notes on Tertiary Lacertilia and Ophidia." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800173480" volume="5" year="1888">Lydekker 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="86213E8FEFCB97104DEA0919515088CA" author="Hoffmann, CK" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B261" refString="Hoffmann, CK, 1890. Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. III. Abtheilung. Reptilien. III. Schlangen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien. C. F. Winter, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1401-2089." title="Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. III. Abtheilung. Reptilien. III. Schlangen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien. C. F. Winter, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1401 - 2089." year="1890">Hoffmann 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Bocage 1895). Nevertheless, in all recent taxonomic schemes they are ubiquitously placed in their own distinct family (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84D684010CFBD0FEA58BB3553A50A670" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010" author="Vidal, N" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus Biologies" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="129 - 139" refId="B644" refString="Vidal, N, Hedges, BS, 2009. The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes Rendus Biologies 332: 129 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010" title="The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010" volume="332" year="2009">Vidal and Hedges 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
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||||
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Molecular data and fossil evidence support the origination of pythonids already by the Paleogene (
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<taxonomicName id="44BE897B88EF3B213B13D5888D1DEF34" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Morelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morelia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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(
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<taxonomicName id="9D7294DA195374F28A47EBD6B3C9C59F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Liasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liasis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
||||
Gray, 1842 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F75005A30F1D6A8539D06D08F6851A56" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" author="Scanlon, JD" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="424 - 437" refId="B541" refString="Scanlon, JD, Mackness, BS, 2001. A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland. Alcheringa 25: 424 - 437, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" title="A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" volume="25" year="2001">Scanlon and Mackness 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D2BA1EDDE3DB8BDAF954991495CB0B76" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||||
Pythons comprise more than 40 extant species, distributed over large parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6718F19F264DD788D33EE14B37DB7DA9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.66.683" author="Schleip, WD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="29 - 79" refId="B548" refString="Schleip, WD, O'Shea, M, 2010. Annotated checklist of the recent and extinct pythons (Serpentes, Pythonidae), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution. ZooKeys 66: 29 - 79, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.66.683" title="Annotated checklist of the recent and extinct pythons (Serpentes, Pythonidae), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.66.683" volume="66" year="2010">
|
||||
Schleip and
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2E63FE7C6529863495CD0B42A78E024F" originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ABF770B7CD2D3AE44045C38F292176A1" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B669" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the world: A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL" title="Snakes of the world: A catalogue of living and extinct species." year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="324243C7CBDBB2E1FA5B5E25A34E3F70" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354" author="Boundy, J" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press, Boca Raton" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B91" refString="Boundy, J, 2021. Snakes of the World. A Supplement. CRC Press, Boca Raton, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354" title="Snakes of the World. A Supplement." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354" year="2021">Boundy 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This moderate diversity of species is reflected in a wide spectrum of sizes (ranging from approximately 0.5 m to 9 m in length) and large disparity of body forms and life habits. There is still no consensus on the number of valid genera, with the past few decades witnessing splitting or lumping of available genera based on molecular and/or morphological evidence (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9092198F90EB6A4BBBCFB52E1188D8E7" author="Stimson, AF" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B593" refString="Stimson, AF, 1969. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Boidae (Boinae + Bolyeriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Das Tierreich, Lieferung 89. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" title="Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Boidae (Boinae + Bolyeriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Das Tierreich, Lieferung 89." year="1969">Stimson 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C869AD1EC91CBD406928B417EEB30A74" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" author="McDowell, SB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B379" refString="McDowell, SB, 1975. A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae. Journal of Herpetology 9: 1 - 79, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" title="A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" volume="9" year="1975">McDowell 1975</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A8E16897A75BFF8928F87FDAAE06F043" author="Cogger, HG" journalOrPublisher="Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B118" refString="Cogger, HG, Cameron, EE, Cogger, HM, 1983. Zoological catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra" title="Zoological catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia." year="1983">Cogger et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="7A9D6698ABA943916809A93A2B6A117C" author="Wells, RW" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="73 - 129" refId="B672" refString="Wells, RW, Wellington, CR, 1984. A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology 1: 73 - 129" title="A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia." volume="1" year="1984">Wells and Wellington 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2FFDF183840288256B92D058965973E8" author="Wells, RW" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplemental Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B673" refString="Wells, RW, Wellington, CR, 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplemental Series 1: 1 - 61" title="A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia." volume="1" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EBEB86292B94A331DE5A5542A738D65C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04019.x" author="Underwood, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="565 - 603" refId="B637" refString="Underwood, G, Stimson, AF, 1990. A classification of pythons (Serpentes, Pythoninae). Journal of Zoology 221: 565 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04019.x" title="A classification of pythons (Serpentes, Pythoninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04019.x" volume="221" year="1990">Underwood and Stimson 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F0BFCD93DDEDF82EB8F5C35F346F37AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52" author="Kluge, AG" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 77" refId="B321" refString="Kluge, AG, 1993a. Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 19: 1 - 77, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52" title="Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52" volume="19" year="1993 a">Kluge 1993a</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="F012F7FECCF288ED0083BFDFE9A81408" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1467047" author="Harvey, MB" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="139 - 185" refId="B243" refString="Harvey, MB, Barker, DG, Ammerman, LK, Chippendale, PT, 2000. Systematics of pythons of the Morelia amethistina complex (Serpentes: Boidae) with the description of three new species. Herpetological Monographs 14: 139 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1467047" title="Systematics of pythons of the Morelia amethistina complex (Serpentes: Boidae) with the description of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1467047" volume="14" year="2000">Harvey et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="43786131C9BF37F81AA56589F8FE4F03" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x" author="Rawlings, LH" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="603 - 619" refId="B493" refString="Rawlings, LH, Rabosky, DL, Donnellan, SC, Hutchinson, MN, 2008. Python phylogenetics: Inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 603 - 619, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x" title="Python phylogenetics: Inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x" volume="93" year="2008">Rawlings et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CD7A6CCE39BC23BBE07B228C1B0E94AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93" author="Pyron, RA" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B468" refString="Pyron, RA, Burbrink, FT, Wiens, JJ, 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93" title="A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 93." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93" year="2013">Pyron et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="21571740C29DDA1A2DF45F3518261875" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" author="Reynolds, RG" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 213" refId="B496" refString="Reynolds, RG, Niemiller, ML, Revell, LJ, 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 201 - 213, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" title="Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" volume="71" year="2014">Reynolds et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="174ECE5F1100C44165BC6EB56211FCC9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/13-157" author="Schleip, WD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="272 - 275" refId="B547" refString="Schleip, WD, 2014. Two new species of Leiopython Hubecht, 1879 (Pythonidae: Serpentes): Non-compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature leads to unavailable names in zoological nomenclature. Journal of Herpetology 48: 272 - 275, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/13-157" title="Two new species of Leiopython Hubecht, 1879 (Pythonidae: Serpentes): Non-compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature leads to unavailable names in zoological nomenclature." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/13-157" volume="48" year="2014">Schleip 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2286C307FEEC92B7458D8D41FB2C5A9D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12267" author="Barker, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 19" refId="B34" refString="Barker, DG, Barker, TM, Davis, MA, Schuett, GW, 2015. A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: An ancient serpent lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12267" title="A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: An ancient serpent lineage." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12267" volume="175" year="2015">Barker et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="94D50B1C2868A21971B1F94E04D3D451" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" author="Esquerre, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="502 - 520" refId="B165" refString="Esquerre, D, Donnellan, S, Brennan, IG, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Zaher, H, Grazziotin, FG, Keogh, JS, 2020. Phylogenomics, biogeography and morphometrics reveal rapid phenotypic evolution in pythons after crossing Wallace's line. Systematic Biology 69: 502 - 520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" title="Phylogenomics, biogeography and morphometrics reveal rapid phenotypic evolution in pythons after crossing Wallace's line." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" volume="69" year="2020">
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<normalizedToken id="10CD567E9412090A91393F189F64E18C" originalValue="Esquerré">Esquerre</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7BFA99C6ADDF48FF51FE87AED448DBAC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181" author="Esquerre, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B166" refString="Esquerre, D, Donnellan, S, Pavon-Vazquez, CJ, Fenker, J, Keogh, JS, 2021. Phylogeography, historical demography and systematics of the world's smallest pythons (Pythonidae, Antaresia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 161: 107181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181" title="Phylogeography, historical demography and systematics of the world's smallest pythons (Pythonidae, Antaresia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 161: 107181." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EB0149E27D16BFDE35956CC65AA656CF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4" author="Kaiser, H" journalOrPublisher="Bionomina" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 54" refId="B313" refString="Kaiser, H, Thomson, SA, Shea, GM, 2020. Nawaran Esquerré, Donnellan, Brennan, Lemmon, Lemmon, Zaher, Grazziotin & Keogh, 2020 is an invalid junior synonym of Nyctophilopython Wells & Wellington, 1985 (Squamata, Pythonidae): Simple priority without Zoobank pre-registration. Bionomina 20: 47 - 54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4" title="Nawaran Esquerre ́, Donnellan, Brennan, Lemmon, Lemmon, Zaher, Grazziotin & Keogh, 2020 is an invalid junior synonym of Nyctophilopython Wells & Wellington, 1985 (Squamata, Pythonidae): Simple priority without Zoobank pre-registration." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4" volume="20" year="2020">Kaiser et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This is particularly true for the Australo-Papuan species, which have frequently and radically changed generic allocations within at least 11 genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD24D6E250D126F8FEC6625EDB59D38A" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1984" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Antaresia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antaresia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="51F8F4EBFADEDC05362F572B01851C6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Antaresia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wells and Wellington, 1984,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D93D24C3AEC9778A23C19CC04E9167DD" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1993" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Apodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apodora" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="39ED5AB2308AF42FFE8B43EBD919A6B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Apodora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kluge, 1993,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1EFD03C6FDE9DC4D161122D85848FD2" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Bothrochilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothrochilus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6C1BC2124DAC826C32551DC116A79192" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Bothrochilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fitzinger, 1843,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9C11B43A396ED4C52DF73855F4F4062B" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Chondropython" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chondropython" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4694F271E259247764EF1E7BBD4D337B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Chondropython</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Meyer, 1874,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8F74674125358B80A53C592FE697C92" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1879" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Leiopython" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiopython" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="14B6EFC933E38ADB5F8830A4214127F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Leiopython</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hubrecht, 1879,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A62653A290EF7EC33E5289BDA421244" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Liasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liasis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AD615E2433B63347180D685E48233AFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Liasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41643909850A61CBEDBCBBBBD92B3A32" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Morelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morelia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="697F33AE7EF20B391A91918623DE584E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Morelia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5001D324654969BFF4E21813C74AE107" authorityName="Esquerre, Donnellan, Brennan, Lemmon, Lemmon, Zaher, Grazziotin & Keogh" authorityYear="2020" genus="Nawaran" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nawaran" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FAB76DD3737A4E4FBE05B6B8208C0025" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Nawaran</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C18DE3EE703563CCC8480F49DB13F768" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" author="Esquerre, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="502 - 520" refId="B165" refString="Esquerre, D, Donnellan, S, Brennan, IG, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Zaher, H, Grazziotin, FG, Keogh, JS, 2020. Phylogenomics, biogeography and morphometrics reveal rapid phenotypic evolution in pythons after crossing Wallace's line. Systematic Biology 69: 502 - 520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" title="Phylogenomics, biogeography and morphometrics reveal rapid phenotypic evolution in pythons after crossing Wallace's line." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" volume="69" year="2020">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6D9A66E0121077BC6771E180632A7C69" originalValue="Esquerré">Esquerre</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al., 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D51E7F36750357719D985104BA59DCC" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1985" class="Amphibia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Nyctophilopython" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctophilopython" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8466206B0024AC42E7F57F9000931FB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Nyctophilopython</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wells & Wellington, 1985,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9020B80BFACFF7624142424C6BBCA806" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CBF24E0D00F594A0D4F7FE92C3081B70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1154F37C7A55C29AD84ECD7D7CB0A9B9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Simalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simalia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4B74DBFC81CEAA3A13B8A87780DFE03D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Simalia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1849) (see e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="61564F1B58994C466E562C8461CF0777" author="Stimson, AF" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B593" refString="Stimson, AF, 1969. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Boidae (Boinae + Bolyeriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Das Tierreich, Lieferung 89. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" title="Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Boidae (Boinae + Bolyeriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Das Tierreich, Lieferung 89." year="1969">Stimson 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5FD0C78646C38F25931E613A5F8F3EE9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" author="McDowell, SB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B379" refString="McDowell, SB, 1975. A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae. Journal of Herpetology 9: 1 - 79, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" title="A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" volume="9" year="1975">McDowell 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C45C7C3FDD3FC90B88D7FABADCF34BC1" author="Cogger, HG" journalOrPublisher="Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B118" refString="Cogger, HG, Cameron, EE, Cogger, HM, 1983. Zoological catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra" title="Zoological catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia." year="1983">Cogger et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="259DC395603D9B56ECA7F2DAC803D7F9" author="Wells, RW" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="73 - 129" refId="B672" refString="Wells, RW, Wellington, CR, 1984. A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology 1: 73 - 129" title="A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia." volume="1" year="1984">Wells and Wellington 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="7DF06EE15EC57F92922B87405D6B6DB6" author="Wells, RW" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplemental Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B673" refString="Wells, RW, Wellington, CR, 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplemental Series 1: 1 - 61" title="A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia." volume="1" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A7639E23C3966329DE237EAFD375DB4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.460" author="Stimson, AF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="330 - 334" refId="B594" refString="Stimson, AF, McDowell, SB, 1986. Liasis Gray, 1842 (Reptilia: Serpentes): Proposed designation of Liasis mackloti Dumeril & Bibron, 1844 as type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43: 330 - 334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.460" title="Liasis Gray, 1842 (Reptilia: Serpentes): Proposed designation of Liasis mackloti Dumeril & Bibron, 1844 as type species." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.460" volume="43" year="1986">Stimson and McDowell 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C2E885EAEFA7402862A5FB778A6841C8" author="Huntley, LC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B292" refString="ICZN [International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature] (1988) Opinion 1514. Liasis Gray, 1842 (Reptilia, Serpentes): Liasis mackloti Dumeril & Bibron, 1844 designated as type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 45: 244." year="2021">ICZN 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="15883B4BCE2F26BC081169D7E63C71C5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04019.x" author="Underwood, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="565 - 603" refId="B637" refString="Underwood, G, Stimson, AF, 1990. A classification of pythons (Serpentes, Pythoninae). Journal of Zoology 221: 565 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04019.x" title="A classification of pythons (Serpentes, Pythoninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04019.x" volume="221" year="1990">Underwood and Stimson 1990</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="71B4B9DCC7282D1C1317503B7D825D96" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1467047" author="Harvey, MB" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="139 - 185" refId="B243" refString="Harvey, MB, Barker, DG, Ammerman, LK, Chippendale, PT, 2000. Systematics of pythons of the Morelia amethistina complex (Serpentes: Boidae) with the description of three new species. Herpetological Monographs 14: 139 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1467047" title="Systematics of pythons of the Morelia amethistina complex (Serpentes: Boidae) with the description of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1467047" volume="14" year="2000">Harvey et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="92EE5786F1DC0793251ADB70AB62A36E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x" author="Rawlings, LH" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="603 - 619" refId="B493" refString="Rawlings, LH, Rabosky, DL, Donnellan, SC, Hutchinson, MN, 2008. Python phylogenetics: Inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 603 - 619, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x" title="Python phylogenetics: Inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x" volume="93" year="2008">Rawlings at al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD550A21ADEA9C61A93C4803EA51E544" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93" author="Pyron, RA" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B468" refString="Pyron, RA, Burbrink, FT, Wiens, JJ, 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93" title="A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 93." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93" year="2013">Pyron et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B3E68027E0B14297B2D2D1D1693FD50C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" author="Reynolds, RG" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 213" refId="B496" refString="Reynolds, RG, Niemiller, ML, Revell, LJ, 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 201 - 213, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" title="Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" volume="71" year="2014">Reynolds et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="700C19F90B63EB7C03206EE3A01CAB62" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/13-157" author="Schleip, WD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="272 - 275" refId="B547" refString="Schleip, WD, 2014. Two new species of Leiopython Hubecht, 1879 (Pythonidae: Serpentes): Non-compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature leads to unavailable names in zoological nomenclature. Journal of Herpetology 48: 272 - 275, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/13-157" title="Two new species of Leiopython Hubecht, 1879 (Pythonidae: Serpentes): Non-compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature leads to unavailable names in zoological nomenclature." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/13-157" volume="48" year="2014">Schleip 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="593EEBBF0E88B35707C1BBBBEC474096" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12267" author="Barker, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 19" refId="B34" refString="Barker, DG, Barker, TM, Davis, MA, Schuett, GW, 2015. A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: An ancient serpent lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12267" title="A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: An ancient serpent lineage." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12267" volume="175" year="2015">Barker et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6AC52E1771205EACA67A617312974C4E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" author="Esquerre, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="502 - 520" refId="B165" refString="Esquerre, D, Donnellan, S, Brennan, IG, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Zaher, H, Grazziotin, FG, Keogh, JS, 2020. Phylogenomics, biogeography and morphometrics reveal rapid phenotypic evolution in pythons after crossing Wallace's line. Systematic Biology 69: 502 - 520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" title="Phylogenomics, biogeography and morphometrics reveal rapid phenotypic evolution in pythons after crossing Wallace's line." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa024" volume="69" year="2020">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9DFD9D19582613906817CC5BFAA5BB75" originalValue="Esquerré">Esquerre</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2CEE4A2AEAB3193DD64C284CC1F4E429" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181" author="Esquerre, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B166" refString="Esquerre, D, Donnellan, S, Pavon-Vazquez, CJ, Fenker, J, Keogh, JS, 2021. Phylogeography, historical demography and systematics of the world's smallest pythons (Pythonidae, Antaresia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 161: 107181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181" title="Phylogeography, historical demography and systematics of the world's smallest pythons (Pythonidae, Antaresia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 161: 107181." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C62AFBD5C0E0645E58F9DB9AD6BF2E21" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4" author="Kaiser, H" journalOrPublisher="Bionomina" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 54" refId="B313" refString="Kaiser, H, Thomson, SA, Shea, GM, 2020. Nawaran Esquerré, Donnellan, Brennan, Lemmon, Lemmon, Zaher, Grazziotin & Keogh, 2020 is an invalid junior synonym of Nyctophilopython Wells & Wellington, 1985 (Squamata, Pythonidae): Simple priority without Zoobank pre-registration. Bionomina 20: 47 - 54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4" title="Nawaran Esquerre ́, Donnellan, Brennan, Lemmon, Lemmon, Zaher, Grazziotin & Keogh, 2020 is an invalid junior synonym of Nyctophilopython Wells & Wellington, 1985 (Squamata, Pythonidae): Simple priority without Zoobank pre-registration." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4" volume="20" year="2020">Kaiser et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) - the only notable exception is the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9A71FB154A7FD5DFA685503E40BF8E1A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1877" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Aspidites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspidites" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FF2DAF64262827F63671E1D2C885F91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Aspidites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Peters, 1877, whose validity and taxonomic content have remained stable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="32DB2BC37EB40E54BA730AD88FEF0490" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||||
In the present paper, we treat the vertebral description of the Australo-Papuan genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71EB7FF813ACF0FA30B21BE755E82866" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1984" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Antaresia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antaresia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F329DDF14DF9C90B81D90AAFE1E955D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Antaresia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0CA006139E56E90FE3CB92B58F095631" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Bothrochilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothrochilus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EB4C5BCAB87037A4C3E3914F05A63B09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Bothrochilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CCD5D2AC0E01E2204C8B810A70CB5280" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1879" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Leiopython" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiopython" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02D4D2F312E40F5D9B8BC49FD0BA96C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Leiopython</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C24F7441FA9709FA87C919BA007A3B86" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Liasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liasis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F22B0D71B7154C5292FFFC3F692A5CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Liasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F66F820A70C3EF422451F4D01817E41D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Simalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simalia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="40805F0ADBA88D9F9282FD3D74AD46A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Simalia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collectively, as the vertebral differences among these are not too important (see entry of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DCC51212A41AB658E92C87869A494070" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Simalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simalia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F2BD0AA7C3F2177E4B5950F9D93BFC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Simalia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
below). This approach has been also applied in palaeontological literature, where only skeletal material was available and therefore an expansive concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E99C31F4E73464030721B46760FF6AEB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Liasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liasis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE9EB6A5DA962D090AC2EEC16D45EF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Liasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sensu lato) was followed (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF400DDC26820361B85CED8BEADA9621" author="Scanlon, JD" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 35" refId="B536" refString="Scanlon, JD, 2001. Montypythonoides: The Miocene snake Morelia riversleighensis (Smith & Plane, 1985) and the geographical origin of pythons. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 25: 1 - 35" title="Montypythonoides: The Miocene snake Morelia riversleighensis (Smith & Plane, 1985) and the geographical origin of pythons." volume="25" year="2001">Scanlon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2867007E98658B3C8026E15221465D16" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" author="Scanlon, JD" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="424 - 437" refId="B541" refString="Scanlon, JD, Mackness, BS, 2001. A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland. Alcheringa 25: 424 - 437, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" title="A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" volume="25" year="2001">Scanlon and Mackness 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Moreover, these genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CDCE92C659E11E2D6792DA2A8477E780" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1984" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Antaresia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antaresia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF030B78E548F1C1426DFC66E766D692" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Antaresia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="476867B0A0F3C27B2DBCB1DB578375C8" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1993" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Apodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apodora" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48EC3E670E7CE177174F3D1C5EDE9B64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Apodora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BEA9AE9447F02FC617A683B1EF96A85" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Bothrochilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothrochilus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="329328E376C75A9BEADF228108DE9DA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Bothrochilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF32B9E5C2EFC8EA208FD92F6539851" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1879" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Leiopython" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiopython" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F2FC1D5217813852308B9F31297D0EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Leiopython</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="36F164E8FAB41084EDD8E891292ECB13" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Liasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liasis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="519DDAF7B4199C32906C2245F6532946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Liasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D729A2D5173EAE58E0CF0E2261641CB1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Simalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simalia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E5137CBD98448441D594ECB067543CAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Simalia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) form a monophyletic group when non-skeletal characters are excluded (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="509670DCEC8C1FA58DC8F6BC77512813" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52" author="Kluge, AG" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 77" refId="B321" refString="Kluge, AG, 1993a. Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 19: 1 - 77, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52" title="Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52" volume="19" year="1993 a">Kluge 1993a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; see also
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CCB38EC725B88122601B13FEE12560DE" author="Scanlon, JD" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 35" refId="B536" refString="Scanlon, JD, 2001. Montypythonoides: The Miocene snake Morelia riversleighensis (Smith & Plane, 1985) and the geographical origin of pythons. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 25: 1 - 35" title="Montypythonoides: The Miocene snake Morelia riversleighensis (Smith & Plane, 1985) and the geographical origin of pythons." volume="25" year="2001">Scanlon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="77C3E60A34012E71690E4C872ADF80D7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" author="Scanlon, JD" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="424 - 437" refId="B541" refString="Scanlon, JD, Mackness, BS, 2001. A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland. Alcheringa 25: 424 - 437, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" title="A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" volume="25" year="2001">Scanlon and Mackness 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). A similar rationale applies to the case of the Asian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F78FA6CC38D9A555248CC50AB3CC4EE0" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python reticulatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="117E0A51D9915BE088DD234CFE78C0D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is placed in its own genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DBA17C5A14FD82A5D3AC45E92DC42445" authorityName="Reynolds, Niemiller & Revell" authorityYear="2014" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Malayopython" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malayopython" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F04441A92A00B38237CC40A135667C7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Malayopython</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Reynolds, Niemiller & Revell, 2014 (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A5BB37D39C51ED2D940FC84DFE378166" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" author="Reynolds, RG" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 213" refId="B496" refString="Reynolds, RG, Niemiller, ML, Revell, LJ, 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 201 - 213, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" title="Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011" volume="71" year="2014">Reynolds et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but we treat its description collectively with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9460D1300B7DC311CA1889D309F9118B" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4ECC3A21D86B6A1BB7D7336AC42A433A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp. On the other hand, we treat
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C24BC7A464917723A8DFB7D92AB02340" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Morelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morelia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D53BB9A207DA0E30E698A0A8811CB3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Morelia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8CFE84225C374D512DA4F24C9446678D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1877" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Aspidites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspidites" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2089397361B544EEFF9E88113AA607D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Aspidites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on their own, because of some peculiarities observed in their vertebrae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="64875A52B0DAECDFE56301C49C6D982D" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||||
Vertebrae of most pythonids closely resemble one another. At the same time they are very similar to those of most boids, displaying the same generalized morphological pattern: they are usually relatively short, wide, and massive, provided with vaulted neural arches, high neural spine and reduced prezygapophyseal accessory processes. A principal characteristic feature of most pythons (except for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="504E72130CCC1EEA818BD10859E6C0B7" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1872" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python curtus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="76365148ED76D51AA0F4923C45C4997F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python curtus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DD973EDA1A9CEF46F0EA0876B1715DD" authorityName="Stull" authorityYear="1938" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python brongersmai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2AA026EFC4D6D2549B880705BF311C35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python brongersmai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) is the very high amount of vertebrae, exceeding values observed in most other living snakes (with the exception of the leptotyphlopid
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="68FEC506DC348F6244AA7290388F11D4" authorityName="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve & Guibe" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rhinoleptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinoleptus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7E431492B3CBF88747A5092B3855821B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinoleptus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the typhlopid
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0646085E6DF14B50FD7A7329B60DF2E9" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="221F4DAAB5401096E650B56914566C2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; see the respective entries above); the total number of vertebrae in pythonids is higher than 300, in some species more than 400 (see also "Parts of the vertebral column" above for the case of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3715516B5E4026ABD327BFB01121EE39" baseAuthorityName="Gow" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Amphibia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Nyctophilopython" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctophilopython oenpelliensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oenpelliensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="478820B19C161E6CF592F0FC2833ACA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Nyctophilopython oenpelliensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
which could potentially have an even higher vertebral count). It is further worth noting that complete fossil skeletons of snakes from
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E2E650921B5F6D800FEF9FEBB7006A03" originalValue="Konservat-Lagerstätten">Konservat-Lagerstaetten</normalizedToken>
|
||||
localities demonstrate that high counts of vertebrae occurred in fossil
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B9A3FC461AA5B3CA18DD5188C7C7288" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1985" class="Amphibia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Booidea">Booidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(notably
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F490D0DB27D6C8B4F1C39A0D132E880" authorityName="Scanferla & Smith" authorityYear="2020" genus="Eoconstrictor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoconstrictor" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="379C88BCD1182DE63690F58BBA461D23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Eoconstrictor</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Scanferla & Smith, 2020, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC6F138365FABA75E72A6283C6CA511F" authorityName="Baszio" authorityYear="2004" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Messelophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Messelophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DE0609663ED9EE676DDDFB31C0EB2C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Messelophis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Baszio, 2004) but, strangely, not in fossil
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D2ACD08CEA9D9D61041BB351E2E439A" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pythonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="56B3C361E800BD427389273E1D5C3383" author="Baszio, S" journalOrPublisher="Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 66" refId="B35" refString="Baszio, S, 2004. Messelophis variatus n.gen. n.sp., from the Eocene of Messel: A tropidopheine snake with affinities to Erycinae (Boidae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 252: 47 - 66" title="Messelophis variatus n. gen. n. sp., from the Eocene of Messel: A tropidopheine snake with affinities to Erycinae (Boidae)." volume="252" year="2004">Baszio 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4DF1C44D38FB9CE238BB0533D8626FF9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030100" author="Scanferla, A" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B531" refString="Scanferla, A, Smith, KT, 2020a. Exquisitely preserved fossil snakes of Messel: Insight into the evolution, biogeography, habitat preferences and sensory ecology of early boas. Diversity 12: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030100" title="Exquisitely preserved fossil snakes of Messel: Insight into the evolution, biogeography, habitat preferences and sensory ecology of early boas. Diversity 12: 100." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030100" year="2020 a">Scanferla and Smith 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4139F87B39AA6E191DA1D5ED448118E5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0735" author="Zaher, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B693" refString="Zaher, H, Smith, KT, 2020. Pythons in the Eocene of Europe reveal a much older divergence of the group in sympatry with boas. Biology Letters 16: 20200735. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0735" title="Pythons in the Eocene of Europe reveal a much older divergence of the group in sympatry with boas. Biology Letters 16: 20200735." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0735" year="2020">Zaher and Smith 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). For detailed vertebral counts of extant pythonid taxa, see the respective entries of the genera below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F346516BAE17682FCD4D2F70131C61F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||||
Similarly to boas, pythonid vertebrae were among the first to be presented in early snake anatomical works. This was apparently due to the fascination and general interest surrounding pythons as well as their large size, which therefore consequently rendered them easier to dissect. The first comprehensive documentation of pythonid vertebrae was conducted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AAFF0FEB6E0B1FDE16D09220EB7E2254" author="D'Alton, E" journalOrPublisher="Anton, Halle" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B142" refString="D'Alton, E, 1836. De Pythonis ac Boarum ossibus commentatio. Anton, Halle" title="De Pythonis ac Boarum ossibus commentatio." year="1836">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4734B92222E9C515EF404944070F07FF" originalValue="D’Alton">D'Alton</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1836)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who provided extensive descriptions and figures of (both trunk and caudal) vertebrae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AF55BB62860D346C8D4DC7E9B58D7842" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Python" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B81FD5CFB260ABF1EB6514A9FFCAF3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Python</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Since then, numerous illustrations of vertebrae of different species of pythons were fairly often published by various authors. Principal examples of previous figures of vertebrae of extant
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0CB6C43D53D03F772087D977E82BC54" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pythonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8B8FDB60833FE1CF0CDEE1214E944DC3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1144/transgslb.6.1.209" author="Owen, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Geological Society Second Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="209 - 210" refId="B417" refString="Owen, R, 1841. Description of some ophidiolites (Paleophis toliapicus) from the London Clay of Sheppey, indicating an extinct species of serpent. Transactions of the Geological Society Second Series 6: 209 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/transgslb.6.1.209" title="Description of some ophidiolites (Paleophis toliapicus) from the London Clay of Sheppey, indicating an extinct species of serpent." url="https://doi.org/10.1144/transgslb.6.1.209" volume="6" year="1841">Owen (1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="535C328B7E8E7405B0FA0ECD2A726534" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.107492" author="Owen, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Geological Society Second Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B419" refString="Owen, R, 1850. Part III. Ophidia (Palaeophis, &c.). In: R. Owen R (Ed.) Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the London Clay and of the Bracklesham and Other Tertiary Beds. Palaeontographical Society of London, London, 51-63. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.107492" title="Part III. Ophidia (Palaeophis, & c.). In: R. Owen R (Ed.) Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the London Clay and of the Bracklesham and Other Tertiary Beds. Palaeontographical Society of London, London, 51 - 63." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.107492" year="1850">1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="650537DB8F9516E54D464AFA21C59BB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1857.013.01-02.28" author="Owen, R" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="196 - 199" refId="B421" refString="Owen, R, 1857. On the fossil vertebrae of a Serpent (Laophis crotaloides, Ow.) discovered by Capt. Spratt, R.N., in a Tertiary formation at Salonica. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 13: 196 - 199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1857.013.01-02.28" title="On the fossil vertebrae of a Serpent (Laophis crotaloides, Ow.) discovered by Capt. Spratt, R. N., in a Tertiary formation at Salonica." url="https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1857.013.01-02.28" volume="13" year="1857">1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC1014BA20A959587E5FAC711EA0840C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1877.033.01-04.39" author="Owen, R" journalOrPublisher="The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="682 - 715" refId="B423" refString="Owen, R, 1877. On the rank and affinities in the reptilian class of the Mosasauridae, Gervais. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 33: 682 - 715, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1877.033.01-04.39" title="On the rank and affinities in the reptilian class of the Mosasauridae, Gervais." url="https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1877.033.01-04.39" volume="33" year="1877">1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CD900E2894B7CB18DC70D7448FDA0EA7" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="185 - 229" refId="B510" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1881. Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux 17: 185 - 229" title="Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens." volume="17" year="1881">Rochebrune (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="177037A0F66775378E3D390AF046D200" author="Albrecht, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Royal Belgian Natural History Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="21 - 34" refId="B9" refString="Albrecht, P, 1883. Note sur une hemivertebre gauche surnumeraire, de Python Sebae, Dumeril. Bulletin of the Royal Belgian Natural History Museum 2: 21 - 34" title="Note sur une hemivertebre gauche surnumeraire, de Python Sebae, Dumeril." volume="2" year="1883">Albrecht (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="29923837C787164135D5F66CA1E451CE" author="Hoffmann, CK" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B261" refString="Hoffmann, CK, 1890. Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. III. Abtheilung. Reptilien. III. Schlangen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien. C. F. Winter, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1401-2089." title="Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. III. Abtheilung. Reptilien. III. Schlangen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien. C. F. Winter, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1401 - 2089." year="1890">Hoffmann (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D93A98B9CD6D6BA2B60E6AF4E93D55E4" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B577" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Volume III. - Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Volume III. - Serpentes." year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="969F67BFF00EB2074B46962362650588" author="Romer, AS" journalOrPublisher="University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B512" refString="Romer, AS, 1956. Osteology of the Reptiles. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL" title="Osteology of the Reptiles." year="1956">Romer (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0B9BDF0E62FC2EE79500534A3E656897" author="Holman, JA" journalOrPublisher="British Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="300 - 303" refId="B277" refString="Holman, JA, 1967. Neural spine expansions of some boid snakes. British Journal of Herpetology 3: 300 - 303" title="Neural spine expansions of some boid snakes." volume="3" year="1967">Holman (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C1DF1BAF58970573795FC3C0F4FD23C8" author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London and New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B272" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, J, 1969. Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Bellairs, Ad'A, Parsons, TS, Eds., Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology. Academic Press, London and New York 1: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles." volume="1" volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1E0DE8957111D1813E88E551DBFFC1DA" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="64AE11C1F01A8351D17BE90A42B79F8D" author="Underwood, G" editor="Bellairs, Ad'A" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="151 - 175" refId="B635" refString="Underwood, G, 1976. A systematic analysis of boid snakes. In: Bellairs, Ad'A, Cox, CB, Eds., Morphology and Biology of Reptiles, Linnean Society Symposium Series 3. Academic Press, London: 151 - 175" title="A systematic analysis of boid snakes." volumeTitle="Morphology and Biology of Reptiles, Linnean Society Symposium Series 3." year="1976">Underwood (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8CEBB4358557BF2DF4EC80D145219CA3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1982.10011927" author="Holman, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="163 - 166" refId="B280" refString="Holman, JA, 1982. Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2: 163 - 166, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1982.10011927" title="Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1982.10011927" volume="2" year="1982">Holman (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C6685311CF59446FE19045887E20855" author="Rage, J-C" editor="Wellnhofer, P" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 80" refId="B477" refString="Rage, J-C, 1984. Serpentes. In: Wellnhofer, P, Ed., Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 11. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York: 1 - 80" title="Serpentes." volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 11." year="1984">Rage (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A6BA1975BEF4B64FD8C10055733DDBF4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="131 - 140" refId="B425" refString="Palci, A, Caldwell, MW, Albino, A, 2013a. Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 131 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" title="Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" volume="33" year="2013 a">Palci et al. (2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9264CB9DFD0885B946AB7D2750843A9D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.779880" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1328 - 1342" refId="B426" refString="Palci, A, Caldwell, MW, Nydam, RL, 2013b. Reevaluation of the anatomy of the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) hind-limbed marine fossil snakes Pachyrhachis, Eupodophis, and Haasiophis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 1328 - 1342, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.779880" title="Reevaluation of the anatomy of the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) hind-limbed marine fossil snakes Pachyrhachis, Eupodophis, and Haasiophis." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.779880" volume="33" year="2013 b">2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7428FEC5D0241A96B25B0C43E2B85940" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172012" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B427" refString="Palci, A, Hutchinson, MN, Caldwell, MW, Scanlon, JD, Lee, MSY, 2018. Palaeoecological inferences for the fossil Australian snakes Yurlunggur and Wonambi (Serpentes, Madtsoiidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: 172012. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172012" title="Palaeoecological inferences for the fossil Australian snakes Yurlunggur and Wonambi (Serpentes, Madtsoiidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: 172012." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172012" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="293B21021013367977EC7607B059665F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="630 - 652" refId="B428" refString="Palci, A, Hutchison, MN, Caldwell, MW, Smith, KT, Lee, MSY, 2020. The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 630 - 652, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" title="The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" volume="188" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D7B7FF72E0A979E53A33B3E33998C544" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" author="Xing, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B686" refString="Xing, L, Caldwell, MW, Chen, R, Nydam, RL, Palci, A, Simoes, TR, McKellar, RC, Lee, MSY, Liu, Y, Shi, H, Wang, K, Bai, M, 2018. A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat5042. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" title="A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat 5042." url="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" year="2018">Xing et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A424B3DF89777A21B597BCEDC36FF492" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9" author="Garberoglio, FF" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B187" refString="Garberoglio, FF, Gomez, RO, Simoes, TR, Caldwell, MW, Apesteguia, S, 2019. The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes Dinilysia and Najash. Scientific Reports 9: 1276. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9" title="The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes Dinilysia and Najash. Scientific Reports 9: 1276." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9" year="2019">Garberoglio et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="3A26B23D2E105C7C85428D47354AC472" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-019-00341-6" author="Georgalis, GL" journalOrPublisher="Swiss Journal of Geosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="383 - 417" refId="B202" refString="Georgalis, GL, Scheyer, TM, 2019. A new species of Palaeopython (Serpentes) and other extinct squamates from the Eocene of Dielsdorf (Zurich, Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 112: 383 - 417, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-019-00341-6" title="A new species of Palaeopython (Serpentes) and other extinct squamates from the Eocene of Dielsdorf (Zurich, Switzerland)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-019-00341-6" volume="112" year="2019">Georgalis and Scheyer (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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||||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="FD954281C6416C517AA0BAF5C45014B9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" author="Fachini, ST" journalOrPublisher="Cuadernos de Herpetologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B170" refString="Fachini, ST, Onary, S, Palci, A, Lee, MSY, Bronzati, M, Hsiou, AS, 2020. Cretaceous blind snake from Brazil fills major gap in snake evolution. iScience 23: 101834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" title="Cretaceous blind snake from Brazil fills major gap in snake evolution. iScience 23: 101834." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" year="2020">Fachini et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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||||
,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="5886019586CDB96E7A4BDD12CC722FD9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="630 - 652" refId="B428" refString="Palci, A, Hutchison, MN, Caldwell, MW, Smith, KT, Lee, MSY, 2020. The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 630 - 652, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" title="The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" volume="188" year="2020">Palci et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E21ADA6CA4902C984CD6047344C3FB68" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2162397" author="Shi, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B559" refString="Shi, J, Li, J, Yang, Q-P, Liu, N, Chen, X., 2023b. Prehistoric snake bones from Zuojiang River Basin, Guangxi, China. Historical Biology https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2162397" title="Prehistoric snake bones from Zuojiang River Basin, Guangxi, China. Historical Biology" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2162397" year="2023 b">Shi et al. (2023b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, including also from individuals of earlier ontogenetic stages (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="090A4673FD22A852751D872BB1D9A394" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" author="Xing, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B686" refString="Xing, L, Caldwell, MW, Chen, R, Nydam, RL, Palci, A, Simoes, TR, McKellar, RC, Lee, MSY, Liu, Y, Shi, H, Wang, K, Bai, M, 2018. A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat5042. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" title="A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat 5042." url="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" year="2018">Xing et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Among these, vertebrae from the cloacal and/or caudal series have received considerably less attention, being figured solely by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84568AEBB949BC2EE9046A81561F1AD7" author="Rage, J-C" editor="Wellnhofer, P" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 80" refId="B477" refString="Rage, J-C, 1984. Serpentes. In: Wellnhofer, P, Ed., Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 11. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York: 1 - 80" title="Serpentes." volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 11." year="1984">Rage (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0B8316DE6EE5293C7CCDC94EA568C3B7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="630 - 652" refId="B428" refString="Palci, A, Hutchison, MN, Caldwell, MW, Smith, KT, Lee, MSY, 2020. The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 630 - 652, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" title="The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (Liotyphlops beui)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098" volume="188" year="2020">Palci et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Figures of the microanatomy and histology / transverse sections of pythonid vertebrae were presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BF431BC6A123F66FEC7BAED7AE30DE72" author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London and New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B272" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, J, 1969. Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Bellairs, Ad'A, Parsons, TS, Eds., Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology. Academic Press, London and New York 1: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles." volume="1" volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3A96F910BF131BFBB1D90084403EE0CC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1102-x" author="Houssaye, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="997 - 1006" refId="B285" refString="Houssaye, A, Boistel, R, Boehme, W, Herrel, A, 2013. Jack-of-all-trades master of all? Snake vertebrae have a generalist inner organization. Naturwissenschaften 100: 997 - 1006, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1102-x" title="Jack-of-all-trades master of all? Snake vertebrae have a generalist inner organization." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1102-x" volume="100" year="2013">Houssaye et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Quantitative studies on the intracolumnar variability of pythonid vertebrae were conducted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7B9A1918EA05DD18411A3B2015B9B277" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B2A86C42DE37BF98D946FA7E28CFE4C4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" author="Scanlon, JD" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="424 - 437" refId="B541" refString="Scanlon, JD, Mackness, BS, 2001. A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland. Alcheringa 25: 424 - 437, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" title="A new giant python from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local fauna of northeastern Queensland." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619232" volume="25" year="2001">Scanlon and Mackness (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
93
data/08/B9/35/08B9355E753AC63D491529C3BDCA1BE4.xml
Normal file
93
data/08/B9/35/08B9355E753AC63D491529C3BDCA1BE4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
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<treatment id="08B9355E753AC63D491529C3BDCA1BE4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08B9355E753AC63D491529C3BDCA1BE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08B9355E753AC63D491529C3BDCA1BE4" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="864AB9AA120AB8C953344B23C7BA4E2D" ID-CoL="8MCMK" authority="Raffray, 1886" authorityName="Raffray" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paussus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paussus cephalotes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">Paussus cephalotes Raffray, 1886</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="15FEF372E252E0476F3C0C32DEDECB58" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1FCA3BB39EB131D11DD230652701FEEB" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="BFBBC4854231052E7146B7F49A266222" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">1562 m, 03.XI.2013, HP, 1♀.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5284B4ABB9555BA60EE84ADCA2D4E31C" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="00F062239C287ED405293544B5A7367B" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">General distribution and zoogeography.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="35964E569890436C24B5216E243EB219" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">SA, YE. END_AR species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="15A5D40E6E16D60F1D3577F7CA106E2F" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" type="published records">
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<paragraph id="0DD880309C069B1F8EBA7F4BD4205617" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Published records.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C4904E3F22FFEA9380C1936C249A117C" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
Asir (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="020E4198FAD7B0D7EFE30EF41353EF1A" author="Abdel-Dayem, MS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" pagination="341 - 371" title="Faunistic inventory and zoogeographical analysis of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, Southwestern of Saudi Arabia, and description of a new species of Paussinae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.3" volume="4514" year="2018">Abdel-Dayem et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Baha (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5FD7147F1DF33DA6632ABE5C8C293A04" author="El-Hawagry, MS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="32" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 88" title="A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" volume="274" year="2013">El-Hawagry et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D031F5E34AFBC9F3BA02F68BCC4DA262" author="Moore, W" journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="33" pageNumber="126" pagination="2435 - 2439" title="Explosive Adaptive Radiation and Extreme Phenotypic Diversity within Ant-Nest Beetles." url="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.022" volume="24" year="2014">Moore and Robertson 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Hejaz Mountains (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4ED38EF3DDEF7DCFA3D9A7A83F6DA2C2" author="Nagel, P" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="33" pageNumber="126" pagination="99 - 107" title="Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Paussinae." volume="4" year="1982">Nagel 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4BAAC96D61AAFF51725805283DC10ADF" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A0D00FB3BABCD38A37459C2FAC0418F9" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2498FFAB0CB81A795F0FF127BE43CAA4" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">A rare species that was collected during autumn. The female of this species was found under a stone in a Barbary fig shrub community. Iftekhar Rasool identified this species and confirmed by Peter Nagel.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
99
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Normal file
99
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<treatment id="08B9551F71154EFCD7F2E580CF311B80" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08B9551F71154EFCD7F2E580CF311B80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08B9551F71154EFCD7F2E580CF311B80" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="9B532701FC66A2B37A3A0C394CF2CF02" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="E8557CCBD1F3FC20CFC734ED4F8898A8" ID-CoL="PB83" authority="Lea, 1929" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">' Cafius ' gigas Lea, 1929</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="E49D6C6D458F5BCBFB316BB0FDAD27BA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="2E03F000D27BF640AB809CC781022513" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Cafius gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lea, 1929
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B3DDFC23EE163C10E846627D237EDCC6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="35FE80C86C453E9C1779E8575D4E25E5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taxon discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D65335C7619B7F11CCFA154D58EBB6C8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
This large, wingless rove beetle is only known from the type series collected from Mount Lidgbird. Although the exact location on Mt. Lidgbird or the habitat where specimens were collected is unknown,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9C070899D48B9CC69CBFD5701994DF15" author="Lea, A" journalOrPublisher="Transcations and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="203 - 244" title="Notes on some miscellaneous Coleoptera, with description of new species. Part VII." volume="53" year="1929">Lea (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
states that they were 'not taken from sea
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3034E2555AC1B505852B2D9208FB14A8" originalValue="beaches’">beaches'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF779B2B18D576A0E1D04CBD7E13D138" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Cafius gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is now presumed to be extinct from Lord
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="F59A7D15728BDB89D07039E007E3AADB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Howe</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
Island due to predation by introduced rats early in the 20th century (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0E9C9CEDD0F0CE9F86A69AA332B4F244" author="Cassis, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Museum, Sydney" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" title="Lord Howe Island: Terrestrial Invertebrates Biodiversity and Conservation. A report prepared by the Australian Museum Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Research for NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service" year="2003">Cassis et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D53D7DB66AA986A36FC299AF0A4DF2D4" author="Priddel, D" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1391 - 1403" title="Rediscovery of the ' extinct' Lord Howe Island stick- insect (Dryococelusaustralis (Montrouzier )) (Phasmatodea) and recommendations for its conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023625710011" volume="12" year="2003">Priddel et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The species is only represented by a handful of earlier collected specimens which are 130 years old. Based on our examination of morphology,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BCFB85605E0DAEC2DEC9C1CDE043AAB8" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Cafius gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does not belong to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4F833FE7D95B449FA07C4B728448B06" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cafius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, or even the broader '
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="896196A8AA97E2871F405075309AC1C3" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cafius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="27C13240767BEECEB72EF3FF4CBC9A48" originalValue="complex’">complex'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B07C9FF1C03C2A8ED66DD8F2D3EDA3E6" author="Jeon, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="150 - 159" title="Molecular phylogeny of the marine littoral genus Cafius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) and implications for classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00510.x" volume="41" year="2012">Jeon et al (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. It seems to be a member of the Australian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="840352BA674128A1108C1E35560D6EEF" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hesperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC78840863708E70860CBAB2C4DDF0E9" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Actinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Actinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="663A82F4ACD9310BCCBBA6D251A85317" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leucitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucitus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lineage of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55950B37FB86E8F74FDADDFB7CBF639C" lsidName="Philonthina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Philonthina">Philonthina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
where it may be sister or closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="65691BDE620ABFC6A782D2D3953199BC" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hesperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperus dolichoderes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">Hesperus dolichoderes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Lea, 1925), a peculiar species also endemic for Lord Howe Island (see below). The fact that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C422A256BB7B9C02E87F46A24208871" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Cafius gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected from a non-coastal location (while all true
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4B8F6C9C06F1E8A2758E105482D8CF1" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cafius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known exclusively from the sea shores) supports the morphology-based suggestion regarding its misplacement in that genus. A phylogenetic study where we are also attempting to extract DNA from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC011DCC0D4E817CD03FB16B01298E21" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cafius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cafius gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Cafius gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and where the formal transfer of that species to the proper genus will be implemented is currently in preparation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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