diff --git a/data/03/94/87/039487A31159FF88119BE61E71577953.xml b/data/03/94/87/039487A31159FF88119BE61E71577953.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dffe5373f50 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/94/87/039487A31159FF88119BE61E71577953.xml @@ -0,0 +1,884 @@ + + + +Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) + + + +Author + +Kneubühler, Jeannette +Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, + + + +Author + +Jochum, Adrienne +Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany + + + +Author + +Prieto, Carlos E. +Departamento de Zoología Y Biología Celular Animal, + + + +Author + +Neubert, Eike +Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, + +text + + +Organisms Diversity & Evolution + + +2022 + +2021-11-05 + + +22 + + +1 + + +61 +92 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00517-9 + +journal article +10.1007/s13127-021-00517-9 +1618-1077 + + + + + + +Iberozospeum costulatum +Prieto + + +and Jochum, +n. sp. + + + + + + +Type locality +Mina del Pedreo +(Bizkaia: Arcentales; +43.26800 +-3.21402 +, + +440 m + +). + + + + +Holotype + +A shell of +1.43 mm +[ +MNCN 15.05 +/200128, +ex. +ZUPV 1952 +]; + +22.02.2014 + +, +C. Prieto +, +A. Calvo +, +P. Jiménez +leg. + + + + + +Paratypes + +Mina del Pedreo +[type locality]; + +22.02.2014 + +, +C. Prieto +, +A. Calvo +, +P. Jiménez +leg. [ +ZUPV 1952 +: 2 shells % +2 juvenile +shells] + + + +31.08.2014 + +, +C. Prieto +, +A. Calvo +leg. [ +ZUPV 2578 +: 15 shells % +3 juvenile +shells, + + +ZUPV 2583 +: 1 shell] [ + + +MNCN 15.05 +/200129: 5 shells]. + + +Cueva de Valdebeci +( +Bizkaia +: +Sopuerta +: +Beci +; +43.24516 +-3.17316 +, + +188 m + +); + +20.10.2015 + +, +A. Calvo +leg. [ +ZUPV 3078 +: 6 shells] [ + + +NMBE 557231 +: +1 specimen +, sequenced; +Fig. 11c +]. + + +Cueva de Cuvias Negras +( +Cantabria +: Soba: Asón; +43.25132 +-3.60688 +, + +250 m + +); + +12.04.2017 + +, +C. Prieto +, +S. Quiñonero +, +A. Alonso +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +leg. [ +ZUPV 4714 +: 38 shells % +2 specimens +] [ + + +NMBE 557227 +: +1 specimen +, sequenced; +Fig. 11b +; + + +NMBE 568196 +: 5 shells] [ + + +SMF 349,424 +: 5 shells] [ + + +MHNG-MOLL-0137391 +: 5 shells] [ + + +MNCN 15.05 +/200130: 10 shells] [ + + +CAA +·w/o nº: 19 shells] [ + + +CSQS +·w/o nº: 25 shells] + +. + + + + +Other material + +Cueva del Cesáreo +( +Cantabria +: Liérganes: Extremera; +43.32034 +-3.72279 +, + +258 m + +); + +21.03.2016 + +, +S. Quiñonero +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +, +A. Alonso +leg. [ +ZUPV 3807 +: 3 shells] + + +[ +CAA +·w/o nº: 1 shell] + + +[ +NMBE 559626 +: +2 specimens +, sequenced; +Fig. 11a +]. + + +Cueva de Asunción +( +Cantabria +: +Ramales de la Victoria +: +Guardamino +; +43.25837 +-3.44820 +, + +180 m + +); + +21.03.2016 + +, +S. Quiñonero +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +leg. [ +ZUPV 3808 +: 4 shells]. + + +Cueva del Comellante +( +Cantabria +: +Ruesga +; +43.31111 +-3.60806 +, + +170 m + +); + +30.03.2015 + +, +S. Quiñonero +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +leg [ +ZUPV 3804 +: 1 shell] [ + + +CSQS +·w/o nº:3 shells]. +Cueva de Covallarco +( +Cantabria +: +San Roque de Riomiera +: +Merilla +; +43.25654 +-3.73412 +, + +402 m + +); + +18.06.2016 + +, CP, +J. Fernández +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 3974 +: 1 shell]. +Cueva de Cullalvera +( +Cantabria +: +Ramales de la Victoria +; +43.25577 +-3.45808 +, + +95 m + +); + +19.09.2014 + +, +C. Prieto +, +A. Calvo +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 2604 +: 1 shell]. +Torca de El Porrón +( +Cantabria +: +Ruesga +: +Porracolina +; +43.25111 +-3.66356 +, + +920 m + +); + +09.09.2016 + +, +M. Gutiérrez +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 4180 +: 1 shell]. +Cueva de La Puntida +( +Cantabria +: +Miera +: +Ajanedo +; +43.25883 +-3.71042 +, + +500 m + +); + +12.10.2015 + +, +C. Prieto +, +A. Calvo +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 3032 +: 90 shells] + + +[ +CSQS +·w/o nº: 10 shells]. + + +Fuente de La Revilla +( +Cantabria +: +Voto +: +San Miguel de Aras +; +43.31972 +-3.52036 +, + +55 m + +); + +30.03.2015 + +, +S. Quiñonero +leg. [ +ZUPV 3806 +: 3 shells]. + + +Cueva de Las Cascajosas +( +Cantabria +: +San Roque de Riomiera +; +43.25457 +-3.71924 +, + +328 m + +); + +09.03.2018 + +, +C. Prieto +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 5154 +: 2 shells]. +Cueva del Molino de la Peña +( +Cantabria +: +Rasines +; +43.29101 +-3.36840 +, + +180 m + +); + +04.08.2013 + +, +S. Quiñonero +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 3802 +: 2 shells, broken]. Sima PO-153 ( +Cantabria +: +San Roque de Riomiera +: Porracolina; +43.22984 +-3.69050 +, + +585 m + +); + +08.10.2016 + +, +M. Gutiérrez +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 4184 +: 4 shells]; + +12.11.2016 + +, +C. Prieto +, +M. Gutiérrez +, +J. A. Noriega +leg. + + +[ +ZUPV 4203 +: 20 shells]. + + +Sima PO-27 ( +Cantabria +: Miera; +43.24695 +-3.67023 +, + +910 m + +); + +07.05.2016 + +, +M. Gutiérrez +leg. [ +ZUPV 3822 +: 8 shells]. + + +Cueva de San Juan de Socueva +( +Cantabria +: Arredondo: Socueva; +43.26671 +-3.61339 +, + +430 m + +); + +12.04.2017 + +, +C. Prieto +, +S. Quiñonero +, +A. Alonso +, +J. Ruiz-Cobo +leg. [ + +ZUPV +4722 + +: 12 shells] + +. + + + + +◂ +Fig. 17 + +Iberozospeum costulatum + +n. sp. +( +a–e +) +holotype +, +1.43 mm +height [ +MNCN 15.05 +/200128, ex. +ZUPV 1952 +], +Mina del Pedreo +( +Bizkaia +: +Arcentales +; +43.26800 +-3.21402 +, + +440 m + +). ( +f–g +) +paratype +shells from the type locality [ +ZUPV 1952 +, F: juvenile shell, G: shell of +1.51 mm +height. ( +h–i +) no +paratype +shell of +1.48 mm +height [ +ZUPV 3807 +] from +Cueva del Cesáreo +( +Cantabria +: +Liérganes +: +Extremera +; +43.32034 +-3.72279 +, + +258 m + +). ( +j–k +) +paratype +shells from +Cueva de Cuvias Negras +( +Cantabria +: +Soba +: +Asón +; +43.25132 +-3.60688 +, + +250 m + +) [ +CSQS +·w/o nº]. ( +l +) no +paratype +shell from +Cueva del Cesáreo +[ +CSQS +·w/o nº]. +Photos +a–i by +Carlos Prieto +; j–l by +Sergio Quiñonero +and +Álvaro Alonso + + + + +Etymology +The specific epithet derives from the well-defined ribbing of the last whorls of the shell. + + + + +Diagnosis +A medium-sized (average, +1.35 mm +, +n += 52) and wide (average, +0.76 mm +, +n += 52) + +Iberozospeum +species + +with convex whorls bearing well-defined ribs, oblique, reniform aperture with broad straight-edged parietal callus and a strong columellar lamella clearly seen inside the aperture. + + + + +Description ( +Fig. 17 +). Shell of medium size ( +1.24–1.55 mm +, +n += 52, +holotype +, +1.43 mm +), ovate conical. Spire formed by five (4.6–5.9, n = 52) rather convex whorls separated by a deep suture. Protoconch (nucleus, +0.175 mm +wide) and apical whorls smooth ( +Fig. 17f +) with teleoconch bearing regularly spaced (5–6/ +0.5 mm +; +27 in +the body whorl, n = 52), well-defined ribs, extending from one whorl to the next; ribs of the hind peristome region are more densely aligned and thinner. Body whorl large ( +holotype +, 60% of the shell height), with upper convexity, ascending behind the aperture. Umbilicus closed, with ribs reaching the umbilical cavity. Aperture reniform, obliquely transverse ( +holotype +, 47% of the shell height), attached to the body whorl by a thickly callused, broad, straight-edged parietal callus. Peristome wide and reflexed; lateral and palatal side regularly arched; columellar side almost straight and vertical. Inner lamella singular, large, oblique, ( + +Fig. +17g + +) located above the parieto-columellar junction; lamella visible in oblique apertural view ( +Fig. 17c +). Shell surface with micro sculpture of irregular spiral striae. + + + + +Geographical distribution + +Iberozospeum costulatum + +n. sp. +inhabits caves throughout western Bizkaia and the eastern part of +Cantabria +( +Fig. 18 +). In Bizkaia, + +I. costulatum + +is known from two caves located +4.2 km +apart: Mina del Pedreo, where it was first discovered, and Cueva de Valdebeci ( +holotype +, sequenced population). Both caves belong to the same limestone formation (Alén-Lujar) cut by the Barbadun river. The remaining localities are in +Cantabria +. They are separated from the Bizkaian caves by a distance of +20 km +, with Cueva Cullalvera and Cueva de Asunción being the nearest. All Cantabrian localities are located in the limestone massifs belonging to the Miera and Asón river basins with Cueva del Cesáreo (sequenced, +Fig. 11a +) constituting the most north-western cave separated from this central block. We remark that + +I. costulatum + +appears to be sympatric with + +I. biscaiense + +in the Montes de Triano massif west of Bilbao (Prieto & Calvo 2013; unpublished records) and that the east-westward geographic span recorded for + +I. costulatum + +likely represents the true geographic distribution of this species. + + + + +Variability +Ribbing is the most conspicuous feature on the shell of + +I. costulatum + +. Although the shells from the same cave show similar rib strength, spacing and length, a notable spectrum of variability is present in different cave populations. Shells deriving from populations from the Miera upper basin, such as La Puntida, PO-153 or Cuvias Negras ( +Fig. 17j–k +), show poorly developed ribs and a weak columellar lamella, while individuals from Fuente de La Revilla bear strong and irregular ribs. On the other hand, shells from Asunción have well separated ribs (5/ +0.5 mm +). Although obscured by wide intra-populational variation, shell size also varies between populations. Shells from Cuvias Negras are the smallest and those from Valdebeci are the largest. The inner columellar lamella also varies somewhat in form in shells from Cueva de Cesáreo, whereby in addition to the columellar lamella, a small basal lamella can be seen from the opening in oblique view ( +Fig. 17h–i +). + + + + +Remarks +The conspicuous ribbing differentiates + +I. costulatum + +from all other iberozospeid taxa except + +I. percostulatum + +. The shell of + +I. percostulatum + +is higher ( +1.34–1.80 mm +, average +1.55 mm +) and narrower ( +1.32–1.65 mm +, average +1.51 mm +, +n += 42) and lacks inner lamellae ( +Alonso et al., 2018 +). Additionally, their geographic ranges are +80 km +apart. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/94/87/039487A3115AFF8E125CE66670877B80.xml b/data/03/94/87/039487A3115AFF8E125CE66670877B80.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..61dcd325f99 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/94/87/039487A3115AFF8E125CE66670877B80.xml @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ + + + +Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) + + + +Author + +Kneubühler, Jeannette +Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, + + + +Author + +Jochum, Adrienne +Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany + + + +Author + +Prieto, Carlos E. +Departamento de Zoología Y Biología Celular Animal, + + + +Author + +Neubert, Eike +Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, + +text + + +Organisms Diversity & Evolution + + +2022 + +2021-11-05 + + +22 + + +1 + + +61 +92 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00517-9 + +journal article +10.1007/s13127-021-00517-9 +1618-1077 + + + + +Genus + +Iberozospeum +Jochum, Kneubühler, Prieto and Neubert + +, +n. gen. + + + + + +Type species + +Zospeum zaldivarae + +(Prieto et al., +2015 in +Jochum et al., 2015a +). + + + + + +Differential diagnosis + +Iberozospeum + +, +n. gen. +, differs from + +Zospeum + +by the generally smaller shell (on the average ca. +1.2 mm +). The radula ribbon differs by its greater length, regular broadness below the adhesive zone and its perfectly straight base. Radular teeth are smaller and more numerous per transverse row. The basal plates are more compact and shorter than the long, narrow versions in + +Zospeum +species. + +At the microstructural level, it differs by localized, dense, rough, overlapping wedge-like scales of crystallographic structure on the surface of the columellar lamellae. These sites are located only at the points of contact with the columellar muscle. It also appears to differ by the correlating, vascularized humps of columellar muscle to the corresponding zones of microstructural texture on the lamellae. + + + + +Table 4 +Investigated sympatric + +Iberozospeum +species + +living in Spanish caves + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CaveSpecies 1Species 2
Herrería +NMBE 557253 + +praetermissum + +(purple clade) + +NMBE 557136 + +percostulatum + +(green clade) +
Irutxin +NMBE 557238 + +biscaiense + +(grey clade) + +NMBE 557221 + +vasconicum + +(light blue clade) +
Las Paules +No. 162 and 163 +Weigand 2013 + +zaldivarae + +(grey clade) + +NMBE 557178 and NMBE 557244 +vasconicum +(light blue clade) +
Otxas +NMBE 557240 + +biscaiense + +(grey clade) + +NMBE 557223 + +vasconicum + +(pink clade) +
Valdemora +NMBE 557246 + +praetermissum + +(purple clade) + +NMBE 557247 + +gittenbergeri + +(green clade) +
+ + + +Etymology +The name + +Iberozospeum + +derives from combining the region of origin of the +type +species, the Iberian Peninsula, and the generic name of + +Zospeum +( +Bourguignat, 1856 +) + +. + + + +Included taxa: all hitherto known species from the Iberian Peninsula: + + +Iberozospeum schaufussi +( +von Frauenfeld, 1862 +) + +. + +Iberozospeum bellesi +( +Gittenberger, 1973 +) + +. + +Iberozospeum biscaiense +( +Gómez & Prieto, 1983 +) + +. + +Iberozospeum vasconicum + +(Prieto et al., +2015 in +Jochum et al., 2015a +). + + + +Iberozospeum zaldivarae + +(Prieto et al., +2015 in +Jochum et al., 2015a +). + + + +Iberozospeum percostulatum +( +Alonso et al., 2018 +) + +. + +Iberozospeum praetermissum +( +Jochum et al., 2019 +) + +. + +Iberozospeum gittenbergeri +( +Jochum et al., 2019 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E78F54475597299FBA5F86F.xml b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E78F54475597299FBA5F86F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fd891c7d3a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E78F54475597299FBA5F86F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,566 @@ + + + +Notes on endemic Alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879, and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) + + + +Author + +Rosa, Paolo +Via Belvedere 8 / d, 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italia +rosa@chrysis.net + + + +Author + +Zilioli, Michele +Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 20121 Milano, Italia E-mail: michele. zilioli @ comune. milano. it + + + +Author + +Jacobs, Maarten +Beukenlaan 14, 2200 Herentals, Belgium. + +text + + +Natural History Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-03-31 + + +4 + + +1 + + +9 +18 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2017.325 + +journal article +10.4081/nhs.2017.325 +2385-0922 +12523797 + + + + + + + +Philoctetes helveticus +( +Linsenmaier, 1959 +) + + +( +Figs. 1 +A-D, + + +2A-D, 3A, 7A,C,E) + + + + + + +Omalus +( +Omalus +) +helveticus +Linsenmaier, 1959: 16 + + +. +Holotype +♀ +; +Switzerland +: Engadin (Chur); + +Linsenmaier, 1968: 72 + +; + +Linsenmaier, 1997: 134 + +. + + + + + +Pseudomalus helveticus + +: + +Kimsey & Bohart, 1991: 267 + +. + + + + + +Philoctetes helveticus + +: + +Tussac & Tussac, 1993: 475 + +. + + + + +Pseudomalus helveticus +( +Linsenmaier, 1959 +) + +synonym of + +Pseudomalus putoni +(du Buysson, 1892) + +: + +Strumia, 2001: 89 + +. + + + + + +Philoctetes helveticus +Rosa, 2005: 13 + + +. Revalidated. + +Rosa, 2006: 122 + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + + +Switzerland +: + +1 ♀ +: [Fourn, + +1900 m + +, de Beaumont] [♀ +Type + +Omalus +Pz. + + +helveticus +Linsenmaier + +det.] <handwritten in red> (Chur); + + +1♂ +: [ +Chandolin +CH + +4.VII.1982 + +Alpage + +2200 m + +W. Perraudin +] [ +♂ +Allotype + +Omalus +Pz. + + +helveticus +Linsenmaier + +det. 1991] <handwritten in red> [25] ( +NMLS +); + + +1♀ +: [ +Zermatt +10/7] [♀ Omalus Pz. + +helveticus +Lins. Linsenmaier + +det. 1984] ( +NMLS +) + +; + + +Italy +: + + + +1♀ +: [ +Italy +, +Aosta Valley +, +Chamolé Lake +, + +2350 m + +, + +4.VIII.2016 + +, leg. +M. Jacobs +] (PRC) ( +Figs. 3 +A-B) + +. + + + + +Distribution. +Switzerland +and +Italy +. Specimens have been collected in alpine grassland, shrublands or rocky places between +1600 m +and +2350 m +( +Fig. 2B +). M. Jacobs, after the recent finding of + +Ph. helveticus + +in +August 2016 +, spent extra five days around the collecting place at Chamolé Lake (Pila, Aosta) and its vicinity looking without success for other specimens by visual search, Moerike traps and sweeping grasses, herbs and branches (mainly pine trees and willows). Therefore, it stays unclear if there is a population of + +P. helveticus + +present, whereas the species is very rare or is rarely found due to its ecology (flight period, habitat preferences, etc.) or the specimen got there by accident from higher or lower elevation. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Philoctetes helveticus + +is closely related to + +Ph. putoni + +, but can be easily separated by its distinctly convex metascutellum ending in a short triangular and raised prominence ( +vs +. metascutellum with a subrectangular and elongate plate in + +Ph. putoni + +); T1 densely punctate ( +vs +. T1 antero-medially polished, postero-laterally with tiny dots); metasoma with long, thick, black and erect setae ( +vs +. metasoma with short, appressed and whitish setae). + + + + +Description. +Body length: +4.4-4.6 mm +; fore wing length: 3.0 mm; OOL = 2.7 MOD; POL = 1.9 MOD; MS = 1.0 MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1:1.2:0.7:0.6. + + +Head +. Frons, vertex and face laterally to scapal basin with small (up to 0.5 +MOD +) and shallow punctures ( +Fig. 1C +). Punctures along posterior margin of vertex smaller, with two impunctate areas posterior to ocelli. Scapal basin glabrous, transversally and irregularly rugulose. Gena with large punctures only; genal carina not bisecting MS ( +Fig. 1B +). Ocellar triangle isosceles, postocellar line indistinct, with only short line (<0.5 +MOD +) starting from ocelli. Mandible tridentate. + + +Mesosoma +. Pronotum antero-laterally with shallow punctures as large as those on vertex; anteromedially with shallower and smaller punctures, intervals and posteromedian surface with tiny dots. Mesoscutum with small (0.5 +MOD +) and shallow punctures mostly clumped along notauli ( +Figs. 1A +, +2A +); notaular pit deep and short (about 1 +MOD +); parapsidal furrows as narrow lines. Mesoscutellum with large punctures (1 +MOD +) medially with large polished area (0.5 PD). Metascutellum convex, triangular in dorsal view ending in a short triangular and raised median prominence ( +Figs. 1B +, +2B,C +, +7A,B +). Mesopleuron with confluent large punctures. Tarsal claw four-toothed. + + +Metasoma +. T1 and T2 dorsally finely and uniformly punctuate ( +Figs. 1A +, +7E +), laterally with double punctuation with tiny and larger dots irregularly distributed; T3 with irregular larger punctures; T3 transversely depressed before the apical margin, depression well visible in lateral view ( +Fig. 1B +); T3 margin mostly laterally gently curved; towards the middle an undulation abruptly starts and it is followed by a brownish rim to apical notch. Apical notch triangular bordered by a thickened margin ( +Fig. 1D +). + + + +Fig. 1 - + +Philoctetes helveticus +(Linsenmaier) + +, female: A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; C) head, frontal view; D) T3, dorso-lateral view. + + + +Colour +. Body metallic green with brassy reflections in living specimens ( +Fig. 3A +). Dry collection specimens are darker, green to blue with greenish reflections on scutellum and metanotum ( +Fig. 2 +). T1 and T2 medially with large dark to black areas. Legs metallic green to blue, tarsi dark brown. Antenna with metallic green scapus and pedicel, flagellum entirely black. + + +Vestiture +. Head and mesosoma coated with long, standing black setae (1.6-2.2 +MOD +). Metasoma laterally with long (2-2.2 +MOD +), standing black setae ( +Figs. 1D +, +2D +). Legs with short (1 +MOD +) whitish setae. + + + + +Remarks. +In the original description, +Linsenmaier (1959) +placed + +Omalus helveticus + +in the subgenus + +Omalus + +s.str. +rather than in + +Philoctetes + +because only the female was known. He considered as belonging to + +Philoctetes + +only those species with males having dilated and flattened posterior tibia. +Kimsey & Bohart (1991) +placed + +O. helveticus + +in the genus + +Pseudomalus + +without having examined the +type +. +Tussac & Tussac (1993) +placed + +O. helveticus + +in the genus + +Philoctetes + +, based on the description and the drawings provided by +Linsenmaier (1959) +; whereas +Strumia (1995) +included + +O. helveticus + +again in the genus + +Pseudomalus + +, and later (2001) synonymized + +O. helveticus + +with + +Ps. putoni + +after examining the +type +of the latter, but not the +type +of + +O. helveticus + +. +Rosa (2006) +revalidated + +O. helveticus + +in the genus + +Philoctetes + +. + + +A 1991 labelled “ +allotype +” male of + +Ph. helveticus + +in Linsenmaier’s collection is not part of the type series, which is based only on the +holotype +, by monotypy, housed at CHUR. + + +Since the only cited specimen for +Italy +[ +Valle d’Aosta +, Val d’Ayas ( +Strumia, 2001 +)] was not available for this study, and +Strumia (2001) +considered + +Ph. helveticus + +as a synonym of + +Ph. putoni + +, we were not sure about the presence of + +Ph. helveticus + +in +Aosta Valley +( +Rosa, 2006 +). Recently, a female specimen has been collected by one of us (M.J.) around the Chamolé lake, Pila (Aosta), +2350 m +, and it can be considered as the first reliable Italian record. This species is one of the most rarely collected and only +four specimens +are preserved in the examined European collections so far. + + +Linsenmaier (1997) +placed + +O. helveticus + +in the newly established + +hirtus + +species-group [based on + +Ellampus +( +Philoctetes +) +hirtus +(Semenov, 1932) + +]. Nevertheless, after +type +examination at ZIN, we confirm +Kimsey & Bohart’s (1991) +classification, which includes + +E. hirtus + +into the genus + +Pseudomalus + +; whereas + +Ph. hirsutus +(Semenov, 1932) + +from +Uzbekistan +is undoubtedly the most similar species. The latter is very similar to + +Ph. helveticus + +, but has a non protruding metascutellum and deeper body punctuation. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E78F545755977AAFD5EFAAB.xml b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E78F545755977AAFD5EFAAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e812f23b5f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E78F545755977AAFD5EFAAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ + + + +Notes on endemic Alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879, and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) + + + +Author + +Rosa, Paolo +Via Belvedere 8 / d, 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italia +rosa@chrysis.net + + + +Author + +Zilioli, Michele +Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 20121 Milano, Italia E-mail: michele. zilioli @ comune. milano. it + + + +Author + +Jacobs, Maarten +Beukenlaan 14, 2200 Herentals, Belgium. + +text + + +Natural History Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-03-31 + + +4 + + +1 + + +9 +18 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2017.325 + +journal article +10.4081/nhs.2017.325 +2385-0922 +12523797 + + + + + +KEY TO THE ALPINE SPECIES OF + + + +PHILOCTETES + + + + + + + + +1- Body entirely blue, green to dark green in both sexes ( +Figs. 1-6 +) .................................................................. 2 + + + +- Body distinctly bicoloured: head and mesosoma green, green-blue or blue contrasting with red or golden-red T1, T2, and often T3 as well. Male sometimes dorsally darkened, but bicoloured in lateral view ........ 4 + + + + + +2- Metascutellum with large, elongated parallel sided projection ( +Figs. 4B +, +5B +, +6B +, +7B,D,F +) ...................... .......................….… + + +Ph. putoni +(du Buysson, 1892) + + + + + + +- Metascutellum without projection, sharply angled or slightly protruding ( +Figs.1B +, +2B +, +7A,C, 7 E +) ........…3 + + + + + + +3- Body covered with short (up to 1.5 +MOD +)standing white setae. In lateral view, metascutellum sharply convex; apical median notch on T3 with thick border; posterolateral margins of T3 sinuous ….......................…… ………....………...... + + +Ph. truncatus +( +Dahlbom, 1831 +) + + + + + + +- Body covered with long (up to 2 +MOD +) standing black setae ( +Figs. 1D +, +2D +); in lateral view metascutellum slightly protruding ( +Figs. 1B +, +2B,C +, +7C +), and in dorsal view triangularly shaped ( +Fig. 7A +); apical median notch on T3 with thin border, posterolateral margins of T3 uniformly arched ( +Figs. 1D +, +2D +) .............…..…. + + +Ph. helveticus +( +Linsenmaier, 1959 +) + + + + + + + + +4- T1 and T2 red or golden red, distinctly contrasting with green or light blue T3. T3 margin with a shallow median notch, and uniformly arched laterally. T3 without transverse swelling or thickened rim ….............................. ...................... + + +Ph. bogdanovii +( +Radoszkowski, 1877 +) + + + + + +-T1,T2,andT3uniformlyredorgoldenred.T3marginwitha deepmediannotch,andsinuouslaterally,orapicalmargin of T3 with transverse swelling and shallow notch ..... 5 + + + + + +5- Margin of T3 with a shallow median notch, transverse swelling, and uniformly arched sides …......... .............................. + + +Ph. punctulatus +( +Dahlbom, 1854 +) + + + + + + +- Margin of T3 with deep median notch, no transverse swelling, and sinuous sides (in male sometimes less evidently so) .......... + + +Ph. bidentulus +(Lepeletier, 1806) + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7BF546755A736AFC4DFF02.xml b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7BF546755A736AFC4DFF02.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..16f4135b0f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7BF546755A736AFC4DFF02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ + + + +Notes on endemic Alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879, and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) + + + +Author + +Rosa, Paolo +Via Belvedere 8 / d, 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italia +rosa@chrysis.net + + + +Author + +Zilioli, Michele +Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 20121 Milano, Italia E-mail: michele. zilioli @ comune. milano. it + + + +Author + +Jacobs, Maarten +Beukenlaan 14, 2200 Herentals, Belgium. + +text + + +Natural History Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-03-31 + + +4 + + +1 + + +9 +18 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2017.325 + +journal article +10.4081/nhs.2017.325 +2385-0922 +12523797 + + + + + + +THE ALPINE +CHRYSIDIDAE + + + + + + +Only five species are seemingly endemic to Alps ( + +Hedychridium aereolum +sensu +Linsenmaier, 1959 + +, + +H. cupratum + +, + +Philoctetes helveticus + +, + +Ph. putoni + +and + +Chrysis lucida + +). + + + + + +Chrysis lucida + +is collected in +France +, +Switzerland +, +Italy +and +Austria +. It was firstly described as + +C. succincta +var. +hirsuta +Trautmann & Trautmann, 1919 + +[ +nec +Gerstäcker, 1869 +], whose +type +was probably destroyed during World War II bombings (Frank Koch, pers. comm.). + +Hedychridium cupratum + +is collected in +France +, +Italy +, +Switzerland +and +Austria +; +Linsenmaier (1987) +reported it from +Morocco +(Anti-Atlas mountains) too. Later, +Linsenmaier (1999) +wrote that the specimen collected by Naef in +Morocco +was possibly mislabeled and actually came from +Wallis +( +Switzerland +), where Naef usually collected + +Chrysididae ( + +Rosa +et al +. 2015a + +) + +. Also, we consider the species identified as + +Hedychridium aereolum sensu +Linsenmaier (1959) + +as endemic. It is known from the Alps in +France +, +Italy +, +Switzerland +and southern +Germany +(Baden-Württemberg), but it is actually an undescribed species. In fact, the study of the +type +material of + +H. minutum +var. +aereolum +du Buysson, 1893 + +(by P.R. and O. Niehuis +in litteris +) confirms + +H. minutum +var. +aereolum + +as a junior synonym of + +H. ardens +( +Coquebert, 1801 +) + +, and the species mentioned by Linsenmaier is still unnamed. +Linsenmaier (1987) +also reported + +H. aereolum + +from the Pyrenees, and +Invrea (1941) +from the Apennines, at Camigliatello Silano, but at least the latter citation is related to another undescribed species. The other two Elampini, namely + +Philoctetes helveticus + +and + +Ph. putoni + +are dealt with in the present article. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7BF54676177633FBF6F872.xml b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7BF54676177633FBF6F872.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..502adc7d2a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7BF54676177633FBF6F872.xml @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ + + + +Notes on endemic Alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879, and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) + + + +Author + +Rosa, Paolo +Via Belvedere 8 / d, 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italia +rosa@chrysis.net + + + +Author + +Zilioli, Michele +Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 20121 Milano, Italia E-mail: michele. zilioli @ comune. milano. it + + + +Author + +Jacobs, Maarten +Beukenlaan 14, 2200 Herentals, Belgium. + +text + + +Natural History Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-03-31 + + +4 + + +1 + + +9 +18 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2017.325 + +journal article +10.4081/nhs.2017.325 +2385-0922 +12523797 + + + + + + +Genus + +Philoctetes +Abeille de Perrin, 1879 + + + + + + + + + + +Philoctetes +Abeille de Perrin, 1879: 26 + + +. +Type +species: + +Holopyga cicatrix +Abeille de Perrin, 1879 + +(= + +Philoctetes micans +(Klug, 1835)) + +. Designated by +Ashmead, 1902 +. + + + + + +Generic diagnosis + + +1) short malar space (≤1 +MOD +), not distinctly bisected by the curved genal carina; + +2) genal carina usually faint or not sharply elevated; +3) pronotum weakly to strongly concave laterally and punctate medially; +4) mesoscutum with punctures clumped along notauli, or more evenly distributed, but anyway gathering together toward notauli; +5) mesopleuron extending ventrally as an oblique angle, ecarinate and not strongly projecting between omaulus and scrobal carina; +6) metascutellum conical to spine-like; +7) forewing with medial cell glabrous, medial vein strongly arched, stigma short; +8) fore femur often carinate ventrally; + +9) tarsal claws with 1-3 subsidiary teeth ( + +Rosa +et al +. 2015b + +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION + + + +The interpretation of the genus + +Philoctetes + +has changed notably, according to different authors. +Linsenmaier (1959 +, +1997 +, +1999 +) considered it as a subgenus of + +Omalus +Panzer, 1801 + +and followed the original meaning given by +Abeille de Perrin (1879) +, as well as du +Buysson (1891 +- 1896), +Bischoff (1913) +, +Trautmann (1927) +. These authors considered + +Philoctetes + +as a homogeneous genus including only few species characterized by small size ( +2-4 mm +); conical to mucronate, rarely convex, metascutellum; enlarged hind tibiae (especially in males), with a pointed transverse apical swelling; tarsal claws with three subsidiary teeth ( + +Rosa +et al., +2015b + +). On the other side, +Kimsey & Bohart (1991) +provided a different interpretation of the genus, including additional diagnostic features such as malar space not bisected by genal carina and mesoscutal punctures usually clumped along notauli. +Kimsey & Bohart (1991) +were followed by most recent authors, including +Rosa (2006) +. Nevertheless, the list of the species assigned to + +Philoctetes + +by +Kimsey & Bohart (1991) +was recently deeply modified ( +Tussac & Tussac, 1993 +; +Mingo, 1994 +; +Niehuis, 2001 +; +Rosa, 2003 +, +2005 +, +2006 +; + +Rosa +et al +., 2014 + +, +2015a +, +2015b +), and now includes species that +Kimsey & Bohart (1991) +considered as belonging to + +Elampus +Spinola, 1806 + +, + +Holophris +Mocsáry, 1890 + +, + +Omalus +Panzer, 1801 + +, and + +Pseudomalus +Ashmead, 1902 + +. The + +Philoctetes +species + +dealt with below were included by +Kimsey & Bohart (1991) +in the genera + +Elampus + +( + +Ph. putoni + +) and + +Pseudomalus + +( + +Ph. helveticus + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7FF540755977AAFD38F904.xml b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7FF540755977AAFD38F904.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..81541246f39 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BB/87/03BB87936E7FF540755977AAFD38F904.xml @@ -0,0 +1,551 @@ + + + +Notes on endemic Alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879, and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) + + + +Author + +Rosa, Paolo +Via Belvedere 8 / d, 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italia +rosa@chrysis.net + + + +Author + +Zilioli, Michele +Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 20121 Milano, Italia E-mail: michele. zilioli @ comune. milano. it + + + +Author + +Jacobs, Maarten +Beukenlaan 14, 2200 Herentals, Belgium. + +text + + +Natural History Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-03-31 + + +4 + + +1 + + +9 +18 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2017.325 + +journal article +10.4081/nhs.2017.325 +2385-0922 +12523797 + + + + + + + +Philoctetes putoni +(du Buysson, 1892) + + +( +Figs. 4 +A-D, + + +5A-D, 6A-D, 7B,D,F) + + + + +Notozus putoni +du Buysson, 1892: 108 + +. +Holotype +♂ +; France: Basses-Alpes, Larche (Paris) (examined). + + + + +Elampus putoni + +: + +Kimsey & Bohart, 1991: 169 + +. + + + + + + +Philoctetes delvarei + +Tussac & Tussac, 1993: 473 +. +Holotype +♂ +; +France +: +Hautes-Alpes +, +Arvieux +, + +1750 m + +, + +16.vii.1990 + +, leg. +G. Delvare +(Paris) (examined). + +Syn. +nov. + + + + + + + + + +Pseudomalus putoni + +: + +Strumia, 2001: 89 + +. + + + + + +Philoctetes putoni + +: + +Rosa, 2005: 13 + +; + +Rosa, 2006: 120 + +; + +Schmid-Egger, 2011: 36 + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +France +: + +1♀ +: [Larche +24/7 +] [Museum Paris +Larche Basses-Alpes +Coll. R. du Buysson 1900] [ + +Notozus putoni Buyss +. R. du Buysson + +det.] [ +Holotypus + +Notozus putoni Buyss. +des. Móczár 1998 + +] ( +NMHN +); +1♂ +: [ +France +Hautes Alpes Arvieux +1750 m +] [Brunissard +7.VII.1990 +G. Delvare leg.] [457] [Muséum Paris +1994 Don 806 +] [ +Holotype +♂ +Philoctetes delvarei +dét. H. +Tussac 1993 +] ( +NMHN +); +1♀ +: [ +France +: Hautes Alpes Arvieux L’Eychaillon] [ +2150 m +16.VII.1990 +G. Delvare leg.] [459] [Muséum Paris +1994 Don 806 +] [ +Paratype +♀ +Philoctetes delvarei +dét. H. +Tussac 1993 +] ( +NMHN +); +1♂ +, +1♀ +: Mercantour National Park, Col de la Cayolle +2300 m +, +14.VII.2010 +, leg. C. Schmid-Egger ( +CSEC +); +2♀♀ +, Mercantour National Park, Le Pra, +1700 m +, +44.3238 N +6.8836 E +, +1700 m +, +17.VII.2009 +, leg. Schmid-Egger ( +CSEC +); +5♀♀ +: Mercantour National Park, Millefonts, +2030 m +, +44.1025 N +7.1721 E +, +15.VII.2009 +and +13.VII.2010 +, leg. C. Schmid-Egger ( +CSEC +); +1♂ +: Mercantour National Park: La Foux d’Allos, +1900 m +, +44.294 N +6.564 E +, +15.VII.2010 +, leg. C. Schmid-Egger ( +CSEC +). +18♂♂ +and +4♀♀ +: Mercantour National Park, Millefonts, +2050 m +, +44°05’51.27’’N +7°11’01.41’’E +, +13-14.VII.2011 +, leg. O. Niehuis ( +ZFMK +); +9♂♂ +and +7♀♀ +: same collecting data, leg. P. Rosa ( +MNHN +, +MJC +, +MZC +, +PRC +) ( +Fig. 3C +). +Italy +: +1♀ +: [Aosta, Pondel, +880 m +, +5.VIII.2002 +, leg. M. Zilioli] ( +PRC +). + + + + +Distribution +. +France +and +Italy +. + +Philoctetes putoni + +has been frequently collected in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Mercantour National Park ( +Schmid-Egger, 2011 +and pers. obs.)), Parc National des Écrins ( +Berland & Bernard, 1938 +), and Parc Naturel Régional du Queyras (Tussac & +Tussac, 1993 +), but it seems widespread and common in the western Alps and it is expected also from +Piedmont +(Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime). French specimens have been collected in alpine grassland between +1700 m +and +2300 m +. The +Valle d’Aosta +specimen was collected in the xerothermic area of Pondel, Val di Cogne, at + +880 m +. + +This specimen seemingly reached this dry and warm site following a wind stream from the surrounding high mountains included in the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso. The specimen cited for “Val d’Ayas” (without any more precise locality indication) indicates that the species is widespread on both sides of +Aosta Valley +. Also, other Alpine endemic species, as + +Chrysis lucida + +, + +Hedychridium aereolum +sensu Linsenmaier + +and + +H. cupreum + +, were collected in Val d’Ayas alpine grassland from Crest, +1900 m +, Ostafa, +2400 m +, and Fiéry, +1800 m +( +Rosa, 2006 +), and therefore + +P. putoni + +is expected in the mountains above Champoluc. + + + + +Fig. 4 - + +Philoctetes putoni +(du Buysson) + +, female:A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; C) head, frontal view; D) T3, dorso-lateral view. + + + + +Description. +Body length: +3.7-7.7 mm +; fore wing length: +2.5-3.5 mm +; OOL = 2.5 MOD; POL = 2.1 MOD; MS = 1.0 MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1:1.35:0.8:0.7. + + +Head +. Frons, vertex, face between compound eyes and scapal basin with small (up to 0.75 +MOD +), deeper and well defined punctures. Posterior margin of vertex with smaller punctures, and two impunctate areas behind ocelli. Scapal basin medially polished, laterally transversally and irregularly rugulose ( +Fig. 4C +). Gena with large punctures only. Genal carina not bisecting MS ( +Fig. 4B +). Ocellar triangle isosceles, postocellar line indistinct, with a short line (<0.5 +MOD +) barely visible starting from ocelli. Mandible tridentate. + + +Mesosoma +. Pronotum with deep punctures similar to those on vertex, medially with smooth intervals (1-2 PD), and with row of small punctures along the posterior margin. Mesoscutum with large (0.5-0.75 +MOD +) and well distinct punctures mostly clumped along notauli; punctures basally between notauli larger, generally about 1 MOD; notaular pit deep and short (about 1 +MOD +); parapsidal furrows complete as narrow lines ( +Fig. 4A +). Mesoscutellum with large punctures (1 +MOD +) antero-medially with larger polished area (0.5 PD). Metascutellum with elongate subrectangular lamella, apically subtruncate; lamella long as or longer than scutellum width ( +Figs. 4A +, +5A +, +7B +). Mesopleuron with large punctures without intervals. Tarsal claw four-toothed. + + +Metasoma +. T1 antero-medially polished, T1 laterally and T2 dorsally with fine, uniformly scattered tiny dots ( +Fig. 7F +); laterally with double punctuation foveolatepuncticulate irregularly distributed. T3 with irregular, larger punctures; T3 posterior margin gently convex; an undulation starts abruptly in the middle with a brownish rim reaching the apical notch. T3 transversely depressed before the apical margin, depression well visible in lateral view; T3 apical notch triangular and bordered by a thickened margin ( +Figs. 5D +, +6D +). + + +Colour +. Body metallic green to green-blue in living specimens. Dried collection specimens darker, green to blue with greenish reflections on scutellum and metanotum; T1 and T2 medially with large dark to blackish areas. Legs metallic green to blue, tarsi light brown. Antenna with scapus metallic green, pedicel and flagellum entirely black. + + +Vestiture +. Head and mesosoma with long, black erect setae (1.0-1.8 +MOD +). Metasoma laterally with short (1-1.5 +MOD +) and appressed whitish setae ( +Figs. 4D +, +6D +). Legs with short (1 +MOD +) and whitish setae. + + + +Fig. 5 - + +Philoctetes putoni +(du Buysson) + +, female, holotype: A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; D) T3, dorso-lateral view; C) + +Philoctetes putoni +(du Buysson) + +, male: genital capsula. + + + + +Fig. 6 - + +Philoctetes delvarei +Tussac & Tussac + +, male, holotype: A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; C) head, frontal view; D) T3, dorso-lateral view. + + + +Variability +. Males are variable in size and colour, as in other + +Philoctetes +species + +and related genera. The body colour, especially on metasoma, can be darker blue to blackish ( +Fig. 6A +). Also, the shape of metanotal projection is variable being narrower, subtruncate or with sharp apical margin. + + + + +Remarks +. + +Philoctetes delvarei +Tussac & Tussac, 1993 + +has been described on some specimens collected close to the +type +locality of + +Ph. putoni + +. +Tussac & Tussac (1993) +did not mention + +Ph. putoni + +in their detailed description of + +Ph. delvarei + +because it was then considered as a member of the genus + +Elampus +Spinola + +by +Kimsey and Bohart (1991) +. The examination of +type +material of + +Ph. delvarei + +confirms that this species is a synonym of + +Ph. putoni + +. + + +Lastly, + +Ph. putoni + +was even erroneously considered as a synonym of + +Omalus +( +Notozus +) +ambiguus +Dahlbom, 1854 + +by +Linsenmaier (1951) +, thus increasing uncertainty in the identification of several European species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DA/4E/87/DA4E87C6E259FF988B31FDD155DDFEBD.xml b/data/DA/4E/87/DA4E87C6E259FF988B31FDD155DDFEBD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e838a30fb1e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/DA/4E/87/DA4E87C6E259FF988B31FDD155DDFEBD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,217 @@ + + + +Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation + + + +Author + +Blaga, Radu +UMR BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, INRA, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France & UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Aubert, Dominique +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Thébault, Anne +ANSES, Direction de l’évaluation des risques, Unité Méthodes et Etudes, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Perret, Catherine +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Geers, Régine +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Thomas, Myriam +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Alliot, Annie +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Djokic, Vitomir +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Ortis, Naïma +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Halos, Lénaïg +UMR BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, INRA, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France & UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Durand, Benoît +Epidemiology Unit, Paris-Est University, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Mercier, Aurélien +INSERM, Université de Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR 1094, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, & National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France + + + +Author + +Villena, Isabelle +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Boireau, Pascal +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + +text + + +Parasite + + +2019 + +Paris, France + + +2019-12-23 + + +26 + + +77 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019076 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2019076 +1776-1042 +PMC6927255 +31868577 +12628690 + + + + + + +Bioassay for + +T. gondii + +in mice + + + + + + +The +in vivo +experiments were approved by the local Animal Research Ethics Committee (ComEth Anses, EnvA, UPE) of Maisons-Alfort. In order to limit suffering and distress, mice were acclimated for 7 days after their arrival. Cages were filled with paper strips. Animal health and behaviour were monitored daily. Mice were observed based on the following criteria: + +– external physical appearance (disheveled or spiked hairs, watering eyes, bent back, tremors), +– behaviour (exploratory behaviour decrease, unusual posture, prostration), +– behavioural response to external stimuli (no response). + +If any of these criteria were critically altered, mice were subsequently euthanised and examined post-mortem to investigate the parasitic load. Euthanasia consisted in CO +2 +asphyxiation, followed by cervical dislocation. + + +After approval from the local Animal Research Ethics Committee, between 5 and 11 heart samples, randomly chosen from among those with the highest titers of agglutinating antibodies, were bioassayed weekly in three outbred female Swiss Webster mice (Charles River Laboratory, +France +). Additionally, nine seronegative hearts, randomly selected from the total number of samples, were bioassayed in mice. Briefly, each whole heart was mixed and incubated at 37 °C for 1.5 h with trypsin (final concentration 0.25%). The suspension was then filtered, pelleted by centrifugation, washed in saline, and resuspended in a saline solution containing penicillin G, streptomycin and amoxicillin to limit bacterial proliferation. This homogenate was inoculated intraperitoneally into three mice [ +1 +, +59 +]. Mice were monitored twice daily with food and water supplied +ad libitum +. In case of acute toxoplasmosis, the mice were culled by CO +2 +asphyxiation, followed by cervical dislocation, and samples of brain were taken for analysis. Mice were bled 4 weeks post-inoculation and their serum was tested at 1:25 dilution for + +T. gondii + +antibodies with the MAT. Later on, mice were culled 60 days post-inoculation by cervical dislocation, and their brains were examined for tissue cysts. + + + +Genotyping of + +T. gondii + +isolates + + + +Brain cysts from seropositive mice were isolated by percoll gradient centrifugation [ +15 +]. DNA was extracted using a QIAamp DNA MiniKit (Qiagen, Courtaboeuf, +France +), and genotyping analysis of + +T. gondii +DNA + +was performed with 15 microsatellite markers in a single multiplex PCR assay, as described elsewhere [ +3 +]. All strains isolated were cell cultivated and banked in the + +Toxoplasma + +Biological Resource +Center +( +BRC +, Reims). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DA/4E/87/DA4E87C6E25CFF93886DF977572BF799.xml b/data/DA/4E/87/DA4E87C6E25CFF93886DF977572BF799.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77f9dcb6ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/DA/4E/87/DA4E87C6E25CFF93886DF977572BF799.xml @@ -0,0 +1,526 @@ + + + +Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation + + + +Author + +Blaga, Radu +UMR BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, INRA, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France & UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Aubert, Dominique +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Thébault, Anne +ANSES, Direction de l’évaluation des risques, Unité Méthodes et Etudes, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Perret, Catherine +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Geers, Régine +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Thomas, Myriam +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Alliot, Annie +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Djokic, Vitomir +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Ortis, Naïma +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Halos, Lénaïg +UMR BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, INRA, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France & UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Durand, Benoît +Epidemiology Unit, Paris-Est University, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + + + +Author + +Mercier, Aurélien +INSERM, Université de Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR 1094, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, & National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France + + + +Author + +Villena, Isabelle +National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Biological Resources Center, CHU Reims and EA 7510, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC EpiToxo ANSES, 51095 Reims, France + + + +Author + +Boireau, Pascal +UMR BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Parasites, Animal Health Laboratory, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France + +text + + +Parasite + + +2019 + +Paris, France + + +2019-12-23 + + +26 + + +77 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019076 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2019076 +1776-1042 +PMC6927255 +31868577 +12628690 + + + + + + + +Toxoplasma gondii + +isolation and genotyping + + + + + + +The digestion products of 209 heart samples, obtained from both serologically positive ( +n += 200) and negative ( +n += 9) animals, were inoculated in mice. In total, 627 mice were used for the bioassay. For four bovine samples (8, 76, 122, 125 months; terminal titer of 10, 10, 25 and 10, respectively), all three mice died in the first 48 h post-inoculation (p.i)., yielding 205 bioassay results. For two samples, corresponding to serologically Note. % prevalence, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval of prevalence. +* +One information missing (adults/veal), one is added to total. + + + + +Figure 2. +Geographical variation of + +Toxoplasma gondii + +seroprevalence of French bovine samples according to the area of slaughtering and to age categories: (A) calves; (B) adults; (C) bovines overall (calves and adults). The numbers represent the number of samples collected for each region. + + + + +Table 6. +Seroprevalence of + +Toxoplasma gondii + +infection (cut-off titer 6) in bovine meat consumed in France by area of birth. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Area of slaughteringBovine (adults and calves)AdultsCalves
% (No. of animals95% CI% (No. of animals95% CI% (No. of animals95% CI
sampled)sampled)sampled)
Alsace-Franche Comté12.38 (60)7.04–20.8614.25 (36)8.62–22.657.81 (24)1.45–32.85
Aquitaine Midi-Pyrénées13.22 (121)5.73–27.6420.45 (63)10.64–35.704.32 (58)0.79–20.38
Auvergne-Limousin16.38 (197)8.34–29.6730.55 (113)17.45–47.792.96 (84)0.94–8.91
Bourgogne30.95 (111)15.09–53.0634.35 (99)16.51–58.083.57 (12)0.55–19.95
Bretagne17.96 (206)7.80–36.1624.43 (126)11.48–44.619.87 (80)1.54–43.40
Centre-Poitou Charentes14.02 (228)6.97–26.2024.51 (144)13.99–39.344.51 (84)1.34–14.11
IDF-Picardie-Champagne-Ardennes5.40 (141)2.01–13.715.15 (122)1.54–15.866.47 (19)1.44–24.65
Languedoc-Roussillon-PACA17.85 (64)11.23–27.1930.78 (54)15.25–52.353.74 (10)0.40–27.17
Lorraine3.84 (101)0.62–20.364.25 (97)0.67–22.630 (4)0
Nord-Pas-de-Calais23.80 (50)17.62–31.3229.96 (39)25.44–34.901.05 (11)0.11–9.10
Normandie15.07 (249)8.09–26.3515.84 (228)8.79–26.876.01 (21)0.77–34.42
Pays de la Loire20.07 (349)10.95–33.9125.24 (278)14.28–40.624.26 (71)0.95–17.14
+Rhône-Alpes +* +20.44 (113)9.28–39.2225.60 (74)10.49–50.256.59 (39)1.26–28.07
Bovine meat consumed in France +16.96 (2349 +* +) +11.91–23.5622.00 (1774)16.16–29.225.06 (574)1.79–13.50
(French slaughterhouses)*
+ + + +Figure 3. +Terminal titer of the modified agglutination test (MAT) for French origin samples in relation to age (A) for all samples ( +n += 2348) (age in years); (B) only for bovines less than 1 year ( +n += 601) (age in months). The number of observations at each month of age is given at the top of the corresponding bar. + + + + + +positive adult bovines (4.8 and 7 years old; terminal titer of 25 and 10), collected in +Franche-Comté +and +LanguedocRoussillon region +slaughterhouses, we noted seroconversion in the inoculated mice 4 weeks p.i.; a microscope examination + + + + +at 60 days p.i. confirmed the presence of tissue cysts in brains. Both strains were genotyped as +type +II with all 15 microsatellite markers ( +TUB2 +, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17, M33, +MIV +.1, MXI.1, M48, M102, N60, N82, AA, N61, N83) being + + + + +Figure 4. +Seroprevalence of + +Toxoplasma gondii + +infection in bovines of French origin (adults + calves) accordingly to the age and the titer (6; 10; 25; 50; 100; 200). + + + + +Table 7. +Seroprevalence of + +Toxoplasma gondii + +infection (cut-off titer 6) in bovine meat imported at IFM Rungis (Ile de France). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Origin countryRelative frequencyBovine (adults and calves)AdultsCalves
in French meat imports% (No. of animals 95% CI % (No. of animals 95% CI % (No. of animals 95% CI sampled) sampled) sampled)
The Netherlands25.1%5.88 (119)2.83–11.83No data (0)No data5.88 (119)2.83–11.83
Germany24.7%38.46 (143)30.85–46.6840.91 (132)32.85–49.499.09 (11)1.26–43.90
Ireland15.3%23.81 (84)15.90–34.0623.81 (84)15.90–34.06No data (0)No data
Italy10.1%5.63 (71)2.13–14.080 (1)05.71 (70)2.16–14.27
Belgium8.4%18.46 (65)10.79–29.7720.00 (60)11.72 -32.010 (5)0
Poland and other4.8%9.52 (21)2.39–31.150 (1)010.00 (20)2.51–32.41
European
+countries +* +
UK1.5%30.30 (33)17.14–47.7630.30 (33)17.14–47.76No data (0)No data
Austria0.8%33.33 (27)18.33–52.6933.33(27)18.33–52.69No data (0)No data
Total imports90.7%19.75 (563)7.88–41.4831.41 (338)19.23–46.836.34 (225)4.94–8.10
+ + + +* +Poland (13) + Denmark (1) + Lithuania (4) + Latvia (1) + Czech Republic (1) + Slovakia (1). + + + +amplified. They can be found in the + +Toxoplasma + +Biological Resource +Center +, Reims, +France +(toxocrb.com) under accession numbers: TgA 32127 and TgA 32128. No strains were isolated from the heart samples corresponding to the nine serologically negative bovines. Detailed data about the number of collected and bioassayed samples of French origin according to the terminal titer + and age can be found in the Supplementary file. + + + + \ No newline at end of file