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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9159" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7580b1a-c7ee-4263-8fec-66d777c52ce9" ID-PMC="PMC4525023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-514-25" ID-PubMed="26261431" ID-ZBK="7B5149543BE943A2ACE78175C939FC29" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-514-25" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 514" ModsDocTitle="Five new species of Phintella Strand, 1906 (Araneae, Salticidae) from the Wuling Mountains, China" checkinTime="1451244123801" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huang, Yi, Wang, Cheng &amp; Peng, Xian-Jin" docDate="2015" docId="E9FEA4974285A3F9F2729F1A789AB097" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 514: 25-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 514" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9159" docTitle="Phintella pulcherrima Huang, Wang &amp; Peng, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B66C79A1-15E6-4F25-86F4-6D936B105624" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="0C5BFF92FFBEFFD9BD7CFF8EFFDEFFC1" masterDocTitle="Five new species of Phintella Strand, 1906 (Araneae, Salticidae) from the Wuling Mountains, China" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668160528189" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Five new species of Phintella Strand, 1906 (Araneae, Salticidae) from the Wuling Mountains, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huang, Yi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Cheng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peng, Xian-Jin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>514</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>25</mods:start>
<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9159</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9159</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-514-25</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7B5149543BE943A2ACE78175C939FC29</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B5149543BE943A2ACE78175C939FC29</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152008570" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B66C79A1-15E6-4F25-86F4-6D936B105624" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9FEA4974285A3F9F2729F1A789AB097" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Salticidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B66C79A1-15E6-4F25-86F4-6D936B105624" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella pulcherrima" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">Phintella pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="29">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 8, 9, 10
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
Holotype: ♂, China, Guizhou: Tongren City, Wenbi Mountains, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.719467">27°43.168'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.16795">109°10.077'E</geoCoordinate>
, 475 m), 26 July 2014, XQ. Mi, Y. Huang, C. Wang, B. Zhou and MY. Liao leg. Paratypes: 3♀7♂, same data as Holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">The specific name comes from the Latin pulcherrima (very beautiful), referring to the beautiful appearance of the specimens of this new species in alcohol.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
This new species is very similar to
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
(Karsch, 1879) in having similar palps and epigynes, but the males can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) tibia slender relatively, longer than wide (Figs 8B, 10A) versus dumpy, wider than long in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
; 2) the posterior lobe only extending to tibial terminal in ventral view (Figs 8B, 10A) versus extending to tibial base in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
; 3) the distal end of retrolateral tibial apophysis curved in ventral view (Figs 8B, 10A) versus straight in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
; 4) dorsum of opisthosoma with several white round markings and covered with light dots (Fig. 8A) versus with dark brown pattern composed of longitudinal and diagonal stripes in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
. The females can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) spermathecae almost spherical (Figs 9C, 10D) versus pyriform in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
; 2) the distance between copulatory openings narrower than spermathecal width in ventral view (Figs 9B, 10C) versus almost equal to spermathecal width in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
; 3) epigyne with a broad, band-shaped basal plate (Figs 9B, 10C) versus the basal plate divided into three parts in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella linea" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linea">Phintella linea</taxonomicName>
; 4) markings on dorsum of opisthosoma (Fig. 9A) also different.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella pulcherrima" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">Phintella pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
sp. n., A male body, dorsal view B male palp, ventral view C male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.1 mm (
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella pulcherrima" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">Phintella pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
sp. n., A female body, dorsal view B epigyne, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.1 mm (
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Phintella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phintella pulcherrima" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">Phintella pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
sp. n., A male palp, ventral view B male palp, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
). AM atrium margin BP basal plate CD copulatory ducts E embolus FD fertilization ducts LP lamellar process PL posterior lobe RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis TB tegulum bump; S spermathecae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
Male: Total length 4.63. Prosoma 2.37 long, 1.78 wide. Opisthosoma 2.26 long, 1.42 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Carapace (Fig. 8A) reddish-brown, widest at coxae II and III. Posterior margins of carapace with yellow curved stripes covered with whiter hair, anterior median of thorax with a quadrangular yellowish area covered by white hair. Eye field with black patches medially, white hair posterior-bilaterally
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="30" start="start">situated</pageBreakToken>
, covered with sparse brown hair, denser in eye bases. Fovea reddish-brown, longitudinal, cervical and radial grooves indistinct. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.51, ALE 0.29, PLE 0.29, AERW 1.55, PERW 1.43, EL 1.21. Chelicerae reddish-brown, with 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal. Endites yellowish-brown, with broader bases, anterior margin with bristles. Labium dark brown, covered with brown thin hair, denser in anterior part. Sternum yellow, anteriorly straight and posteriorly curved. Legs I and II dark brown except middle of patella, metatarsi and tarsus yellow; Legs III and IV yellow except terminal of femur, middle of tibia and terminal of metatarsi dark brown. Leg spinnation: tibiae I and II with three pairs, metatarsi I and II with two pairs of long spines. Measurements of legs: I 7.35 (2.15, 3.05, 1.55, 0.60), II 5.85 (1.80, 2.25, 1.25, 0.55), III 6.05 (1.85, 2.10, 1.55, 0.55), IV 6.45 (1.95, 2.15, 1.75, 0.60). Leg formula: 1432. Dorsum of opisthosoma (Fig. 8A) long oval, anterior-bilateral area with one pair of round white markings, median area with two pairs of muscle impressions and three white markings, posterior end with two white markings separated by a black spot, covered with light dots. Venter pale brown, with four longitudinal lines formed by light dots at middle part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
Palp (Figs 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
, 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
): tibia longer than wide distinctly, retrolateral apophysis thin, with a swollen base and slightly curved tip in ventral view, broad base and sharp tip in retrolateral view. Poster lobe big, terminal curved and the tip blunt. Tegulum
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="31" start="start">bump</pageBreakToken>
situated posteriorly, almost at same level with the tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis in ventral view, almost triangular in retrolateral view. Embolus thin, short, originated from top of bulb, the tip about pointed to the position of 1:00
<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
. Lamellar process small relatively, almost crescent. Sperm ducts visible, running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum in ventral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Female: Total length 4.45. Prosoma 2.04 long, 1.48 wide. Opisthosoma 2.31 long, 1.59 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Carapace (Fig. 9A) yellowish-brown, darker in cephalic region. Sparse brown bristles on eye field, denser in vicinity of eyes. Posterior bilateral of eye field with white hair and big brown spots between PLE bases. Fovea, cervical and radial grooves indistinct. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.49, ALE 0.28, PLE 0.28, AERW 1.45, PERW 1.36, EL 1.09. Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum similar to male except the lighter color. Legs yellow. Leg spinnation: as same as male. Measurements of legs: I 4.15 (1.30, 1.70, 0.70, 0.45), II 3.90 (1.25, 1.50, 0.70, 0.45), III 4.45 (1.45, 1.55, 1.00, 0.45), IV 5.00 (1.55, 1.75, 1.25, 0.45). Leg formula: 4312. Dorsum of opisthosoma (Fig. 9A) yellow, the markings similar to male except the white markings around with black area. Venter pale yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
Epigyne (Figs 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
, 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
) slightly wider than long. Atrium margins curved, the distance between them less than spermathecal width. Basal plate band-shaped, slightly curved. Copulatory ducts short, curved at middle part and most parts covered by spermathecae and fertilization ducts. Spermathecae almost spherical, close to each other, separated by less than one-twelfth of their width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">China (Guizhou).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34200f6d-cbb1-4f79-8303-05e8e36b8f6a" ID-PMC="PMC5777420" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-693-33" ID-PubMed="29362522" ID-ZBK="E670A42A11F8437E90B6C880DC2D8E2F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-693-33" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 693" ModsDocTitle="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" checkinTime="1503516554020" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Garcia, Francisco Hita, Fischer, Georg, Liu, Cong, Audisio, Tracy L. &amp; Economo, Evan P." docDate="2017" docId="E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 693: 33-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 693" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012" docTitle="Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="DB20AFDC-3644-44A5-AA74-9B53249B5C0D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="02285343FFC1351BD11FFF829F214C6B" masterDocTitle="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668164740502" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Garcia, Francisco Hita</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fischer, Georg</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Audisio, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>693</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-693-33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E670A42A11F8437E90B6C880DC2D8E2F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E670A42A11F8437E90B6C880DC2D8E2F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132884524" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB20AFDC-3644-44A5-AA74-9B53249B5C0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DB20AFDC-3644-44A5-AA74-9B53249B5C0D" authority="Hita Garcia" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="43">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 3, 4B, E, H, K, N, Q, 5B, E, H, K, N, Q, 6B, E, H, K, N, Q, 9, 10, 13B, 14, 15, Videos 2, 4, 5
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="44" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Holotype, pinned worker, CAMEROON, Centre Province, Mbalmayo, 3.4597, 11.4714, ca. 600 m, rainforest, XI.1993 (N. Stork) (BMNH: CASENT0764654). Paratypes, three pinned workers with same data as holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764646; CASENT0764649; CASENT0764650).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
Cybertypes, the cybertype dataset consists of all volumetric raw data in DICOM format, 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of head, mesosoma, metasoma, and the full body of the physical holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764654) and/or one paratype (BMNH: CASENT0764650) in addition to montage photos illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body of both specimens. The data is deposited at Dryad and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of both types (
<bibRefCitation author="Hita Garcia, F" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="33" pageNumber="66" url="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1" year="2017 c">Hita Garcia et al. 2017c</bibRefCitation>
, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1). In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the holotype at Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/models/3e5a54cb8ea94028a49f0722bd5eefe8).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Non-type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Epulu, 1.38333, 28.58333, 750 m, rainforest, 1.XI.1995 (S.D. Torti); GHANA: Wiawso, 6.2158, -2.485, ca. 160 m, 25.IV.1969 (D. Leston); IVORY COAST: Tai Forest, 5.75, -7.12, ca. 250 m, rainforest, 18.-20.V.1977 (T. Diomande); UGANDA: Western, Kabarole, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Biological Station, 0.56437, 30.36059, 1510-1520 m, rainforest, 6.-16.VIII.2012 (different independent collectors: F.A. Esteves, F. Hita Garcia &amp; P.G. Hawkes).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. paratype worker (CASENT0764650). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view D Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VI">III-VI</normalizedToken>
in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="differential worker diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Differential worker diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">See Table 3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Worker measurements and indices (N=11).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">See Table 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
The name of the new species is a patronym in honour of the famous Nigerian writer, environmentalist, and human rights activist Kenule Beeson
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ken”">&quot;Ken&quot;</normalizedToken>
Saro-Wiwa. By naming a species from threatened rainforest habitats after him, we want to acknowledge his environmental legacy and draw attention to the often-problematic conservation situation in most Afrotropical rainforests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
The new species has a comparatively wide distribution ranging from Ivory Coast to Uganda, even though it is not known from all countries in-between. However, this is likely based on a sampling artefact considering the rarity of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zasphinctus</taxonomicName>
in general and the poor sampling in most African countries. Therefore,
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="45" start="start">we</pageBreakToken>
expect future collections in all countries in-between. All samples are from rainforest habitats at elevations from 250 to 1510 m. Based on the available collection data, the species lives in soil and leaf litter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="diagnostic comments">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Diagnostic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
differs in most diagnostic characters from the other two Afrotropical species. Most obviously, it can be separated from the other species by its much larger body size, the prominent median clypeal tooth, and the almost complete lack of surface sculpture. Despite its wide distribution range, there is very little observable variation. Most notably, the colour appears to be generally darker in the specimens from Uganda and Cameroon, which are uniformly very dark
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="46" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
to black, while the specimens from West Africa tend to have a much lighter abdomen and often relatively bright legs. Furthermore, we observed some variation in the material from Uganda. In some specimens, the subpetiolar process of the petiolar
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="47" start="start">sternum</pageBreakToken>
had a slightly weaker, but still distinct, fenestra compared to the material from other localities, and the ventral margin of the process had a posteroventral tooth-like projection. In addition, the anterodorsal margin of abdominal segment III was slightly more angulate in a few specimens while in several other specimens the metapleuron had some weak punctate sculpture. Overall, we consider this variation as geographic and very well within the intraspecific range of such a widespread species.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
Figure 10. Shaded surface display volume renderings of 3D models of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype worker (CASENT0764654). A Head in full-face dorsal view B Head in anterodorsal view C Anterior cephalic dorsum and mandibles in anterodorsal view D Head in ventral view E Occiput in posterior view (ventral head facing upwards) F Head in posterodorsal view G Mesosoma in profile H Mesosoma in dorsal view I Abdominal segment II (petiole) in profile J Abdominal segment II (petiole) in dorsal view K Abdominal segment II (petiole) in ventral view L Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
in profile M Abdominal segments III and IV in dorsal view N Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
in dorsal view O Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
Video 2. 3D rotation video of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. paratype worker (CASENT0764650) based on shaded volumetric surface rendering of full body.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>