From 8300189cc99562174197d116545f68437a3a1317 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2024 12:25:09 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-04 12:20:05 --- .../81/8066817EFFC1FF83FDD5FE81887BFAA4.xml | 468 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 468 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/80/66/81/8066817EFFC1FF83FDD5FE81887BFAA4.xml diff --git a/data/80/66/81/8066817EFFC1FF83FDD5FE81887BFAA4.xml b/data/80/66/81/8066817EFFC1FF83FDD5FE81887BFAA4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2e3d2b28fe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/80/66/81/8066817EFFC1FF83FDD5FE81887BFAA4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,468 @@ + + + +Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., a new addition to spiny ants of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Oligo-Miocene Mexican amber + + + +Author + +Varela-Hernández, Fernando +CD1796BC-E0BE-41FD-B87C-C12640A06302 +Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, C. P. 62909, Jojutla, Morelos, México. +fernando.varela@uaem.mx + + + +Author + +Riquelme, Francisco +46561636-D3E2-4F0F-AEAF-67B2CD4C33B3 +Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, C. P. 62909, Jojutla, Morelos, México. +francisco.riquelme@uaem.mx + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +968 + + +86 +97 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2719/12503 + +journal article +304967 +10.5852/ejt.2024.968.2719 +617e556a-fc42-46ff-aca6-7d91dc365928 +2118-9773 +14016525 +13C57940-0552-4423-AACE-00F8DFEDF250 + + + + + + +Pheidole praehistorica + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +B6182776-8581-414F-BD67-F5EE483081F0 + + + +Figs 1–3 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Pheidole praehistorica + +sp. nov. +differs significantly from the other two Dominican fossil spiny species as follows: + +P. primigenia + +has an average size of +2.88–3.56 mm +, while + +P. praehistorica + +is smaller, with an average total length of +2.3 mm +. It also differs by longer pronotal spines in + +P. primigenia + +and smaller ones in + +P. praehistorica + +. + +Pheidole praehistorica + +has a deeper mesonotal groove than + +P. primigenia + +; propodeal spines are curved downwards in + +P. primigenia + +but straight in + +P. praehistorica + +; + +P. primigenia + +differs markedly by the shape of the anterior edge of the clypeus, which is “slightly prominent in the middle and straight” ( +Baroni-Urbani 1995 +), while it is formed by a median projection with a minute denticle in the middle and a lateral denticle on each side of the median projection in + +P. praehistorica + +( +Fig. 1A–E +). + + + +Pheidole tethepa + +is another fossil species from Dominican amber with pronotal spines similar to those of + +P. primigenia + +and + +P. praehistorica + +sp. nov. +However, + +P. tethepa + +has a pair of gular spines not found in + +P. primigenia + +or + +P. praehistorica + +. In contrast, + +P. primigenia + +and + +P. praehistorica + +have a well-formed head collar not found in + +P. tethepa +. + +In addition, + +P. tethepa + +differs markedly from + +P. praehistorica + +in the shape of the middle of the anterior edge of the clypeus which is convex in + +P. tethepa + +, but in + +P. praehistorica + +it is formed by a median projection with a tiny denticle at its middle. + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific Latin epithet refers to the fossil (prehistoric) condition of the new species. + + + + +Type material + + + + +Holotype + + + + +MEXICO +• +Chiapas +, +Simojovel +, +Montrecristo mine +; +17°09′11″ N +, +92°46′08″ W +; +CPAL-UAEM +, +CPAL.464 +( +Fig. 1A–C +). + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +MEXICO +• +4 specs +; same data as for holotype; +CPAL-UAEM +, +CPAL.465 +to +CPAL.468 +( + +Fig. 1 +D +– +E + +) + +. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +The +paratypes +are fossil inclusions, complete articulated specimens except CPAL.468, which is disarticulated medially ( +Fig. 1E +). All specimens are embedded in a single piece of amber, surrounded by plant remains and soil. They are housed in the Colección de Paleontología (CPAL-UAEM), +Morelos +, +Mexico +. + + + + + +Locality and horizon + + + +Mexico +, +Chiapas +, Simojovel, Montrecristo mine: +17°09′11″ N +, +92°46′08″ W +. Upper strata of the Simojovel Formation at the late Oligocene and early Miocene boundary ( + +Riquelme +et al. +2024 + +). + + + + + +Worker description + + + +MEASUREMENTS +(n = 1). HL 0.65, HW 0.50, SL 0.85, WL 0.9, CI 76.92, SI 130, PNS 0.15, PPS 0.35 ( +Figs 1A +, +2A +). + + +HEAD +. Slightly longer than wide; sides subparallel, occipital border straight, post occipital border forming a ‘collar’ ( +Fig. 1A–D +). Gena reticule-striated, the occipital border with scattered small bulges, frontal carenas parallel, the area between frontal carenas smooth, posterior margin of clypeus convex, anterior margin discontinuous, formed by a median projection with a tiny denticle at the middle of it, then the margin of clypeus creating a curve to the lateral sides before projecting again as a denticle on each side ( +Figs 1A–E +, +2B +). Clypeus with four long hairs, two on each side of the median denticle and one on each of the lateral ones ( +Figs 1A–C +, +2B +). The antenna scape long, surpassing the occipital border of the head by about twice the length of the scape, scape with 12 segments, three-clubbed, club as long as the rest of the funicle ( +Figs 1A–B +, +2A–B +); antenna covered with long fine erect setae. Mandibles triangular, masticatory and inner border angled, straight, and smooth. Pattern dentition from apical to basal teeth as follows: apical and preapical teeth longer than all other teeth, apical tooth longer than preapical, one tiny denticle, one tooth, three denticles, and a tooth located at the junction of the masticatory and the inner border. + + + +Fig. 1. + +Pheidole praehistorica + +sp. nov. +A–C +. Holotype (CPAL.464). +A +. Profile view. +B +. Frontal view. +C +. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. +D +. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. +E +. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape. + + + + +Fig. 2. + +Pheidole praehistorica + +sp. nov. +, holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. +A +. Profile view. +B +. Frontal view. + + + +MESOSOMA +. Apparently hard, with intricate sculpture, striated and punctured. Pronotum long, forming a long neck in profile view, convex, with a pair of spines that project dorsolaterally. Promesonotal suture slightly marked ( +Fig. 1A, C, E +). Mesonotum curved, U-shape margin in profile view so that the posterior extreme of the U connects with the promesonotal suture. The mesonotal groove deep and U-shaped. Propodeum with a pair of long straight spines projecting posteriorly ( +Figs 1A, C, E +, +2A +), dorsal and declivitous margins well differentiated, forming a 90 degrees angle. The petiole with a long slender stalk, the petiole node relatively short, anterior and posterior faces of the petiolar node form a triangle in lateral view ( +Figs 1A, C, E +, +2A +). + + +LEGS +. Mid and hind tibiae devoided of spurs, hind femur with minute decumbent hairs. + + +GASTER +. With long, slender, erect setae, setae scattered, dorsum of first gastral tergite finely aciculate. + + +COLOR +. Body with solid cuticle, covered with long erect setae, concolorous light yellow in amber preservation ( +Fig. 1A–D +). + + + + +Phylogenetic analysis + + +Results show three most parsimonious cladograms. Here, we present the strict consensus one ( +Fig. 3 +). In the cladogram, + +C. chartifex + +and + +F. integroides + +and + +D. spurius + +form independent clades out of the +Myrmicinae +clade. The +Myrmicinae +clade is well supported by synapomorphies 8, 22, 23, 24 and 26. There is a polytomy formed by + +A. mexicana + +, + +C. minutus + +, (( + +P. primigenia + ++ + +P. praehistorica + +) + + +Pheidole tethepa + +) and all the species of + +Pheidole + +( +Fig. 3 +). However, two internal clades are recognized, one of them consists of all species of + +Pheidole + +included in this analysis and the other consisting of + +Pheidole + +fossil ants, which is well supported by synapomorphies 1, 5, 7, 10, and 21 ( +Fig. 3 +). Accordingly, + +P. praehistorica + +sp. nov. +provides new insights into a spinescence character found in New World species from the late Oligocene and early Miocene boundary. + + + + \ No newline at end of file