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<document id="58D40D01F9877BA5E34A52DC0BB887BC" ID-CLB-Dataset="30577" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.25.23563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5461c88-fca2-4f85-96f5-c63ff3a0ca55" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-25-9" ID-ZooBank="9F789679CD744D54A7F2B0087E154571" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2615-25-9" ModsDocOrigin="Subterranean Biology 25" ModsDocTitle="First record of subterranean rissoidean gastropod assemblages in Southeast Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae)" checkinTime="1520490019267" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grego, Jozef" docDate="2018" docId="FAF323D416B4836684475A52F60E0B59" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 25: 9-34" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.25.23563" docTitle="Pseudoiglica pseudoiglica Grego, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3D5A63D3-B516-4929-B002-DF41C10B23BA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="F504CB6AE163DD43C7208D79FF885C6D" masterDocTitle="First record of subterranean rissoidean gastropod assemblages in Southeast Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1701378715001" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="CD2247491F89AF7B242B3699D53CB939" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E1FA1D72C6D8A4FF0EE44A456D063F2B">
<mods:title id="039CBFCCA3197D0D490AD66A9A072997">First record of subterranean rissoidean gastropod assemblages in Southeast Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="080E2ACD4BE4EC2B19558543ACED4054" type="personal">
<mods:role id="54D71D76EB474CF088D3356EAD5A409D">
<mods:roleTerm id="8DD633A8EE2F99D0D05B1266820587A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B59A88ED8163EEFDCFDBD5EC88B6FA93">Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="83F88F7C7C28EE22AD4B90CD0D3A0927">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B4ED1229B93DF219E84923BCDCCFAC4F">
<mods:title id="845F764E01A8F88A85081E9EF10D5033">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="276F5DB04E0E44010644C3AFF1C12469">
<mods:date id="9CB084A29023DAE04395669463B084C1">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="607057236DC45C501AAF31DA2891F291" type="volume">
<mods:number id="174F30B6A41E7E0C0BEA37D2E37EB53B">25</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="532D23385D538753B4007FE92778FC7A">
<mods:url id="A8BD5CE130266C928D3153146D5B45AD">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.25.23563</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6E4FD3823BC35D91A4E8E8802A89CE20">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="66FD51EA1CC41FAF647EAD07D44B2D65" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.25.23563</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0DD0E9FE3E30948675C57DBE2183C94C" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-25-9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FA660EF5331113B7A0208AC9472809EC" type="ZooBank">9F789679CD744D54A7F2B0087E154571</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FAF323D416B4836684475A52F60E0B59" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141400996" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D5A63D3-B516-4929-B002-DF41C10B23BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAF323D416B4836684475A52F60E0B59" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="7FBD5FF7B4DAE960EAE8B7DCE085B9CE" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1F75B0DB7185F4B7DD5EA82EAB445232" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="A0843AB0CD4F7D4A31E883EB082AD3D3" ID-CoL="4NYKR" LSID="http://zoobank.org/3D5A63D3-B516-4929-B002-DF41C10B23BA" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Pseudoiglica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoiglica pseudoiglica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudoiglica">Pseudoiglica pseudoiglica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA18B85E24C33B13AA58E5EB51619DCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 3-6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C713D8EAC004E5DCA1732674523EBF09" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="4FEDB7518439487C5945EC7F5FE9D149" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A9037C66291667283749A61D20373AB" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
Laos; Khammouane Province, Ban Na village 20 km NNE of Thakhek, Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="8AC15E892640E597A1C75C8CCD474986" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
Cave
<geoCoordinate id="CDE999FDDF21C14F764336ADC245FFE4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="17.563667">17°33.82'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="2EBF349AB8457AC5C17260C13B13F549" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="104.871666">104°52.30'E</geoCoordinate>
, 161 m a.s.l., Earthquake Dome 3 km from the south entrance, sand sediments on bank of cave river (Fig. 2B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DE2E7059D1B940F5802C37D9766BAC1" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="type material">
<paragraph id="3C4F5B5F2F0CCDBCFAEB7A6E29384FAD" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D977FEC0D56B4C3493BC6AAF7E35261" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
Holotype: type locality: J. Grego and M.
<normalizedToken id="0131730FC00C69CDB5C75E8F691941AD" originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
leg. 11-12 February 2017 (NHMUK 20180001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F44C710A52AC9B8403BF959FBE5C9D9E" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
Paratypes: type locality (NHMUK 20180016 - 1 specimen; HNHM 102769 - 1 specimen; coll. Grego F0871 - 6 specimens); Laos, Khammouane Province, Tham Nam
<normalizedToken id="995B9777E621D2A01C60B2F20F614059" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
Cave
<geoCoordinate id="920C2BBDA9E89421D18F1A2D5B2089FF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="17.563667">17°33.82'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="7602B3D5659C26A5DDF293F483B64221" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="104.871666">104°52.30'E</geoCoordinate>
, 161 m a.s.l., temporary side rivulet sediment at entrance passage 1.5 km from the main entrance, dry sand on the cave floor; J. Grego leg. 11 February 2017 (coll. Grego F0863 - 1 specimen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6886E8C1CAA8AB822CFA49455D6AEFDF" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="086A27B0E6A81BE7BBFCBA3B020662D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE77678518055B72BB29AA235BC3D38D" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
Laos, Khammouane Province, 2 km WNW of Ban Na village, Pha Soung Cave, Frog Lake, 155 m a.s.l., J. Grego leg. 09 February 2017,
<geoCoordinate id="7DB13DAD0BC4C209F29F1F9A9CA9030D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.550867">17°33.052'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="5F04C1CAC6FE4532FF2B71CAADCFD57D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.8735">104°52.410'E</geoCoordinate>
(coll. Grego F0888).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA764640301FB29E920FBA340085B0E7" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8E200ECE6C5346D36A27D3AADFEF17BD" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D87C0D5BDF8EC492A3A8047BA1A71243" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Holotype: H 3.08 mm; W 1.32 mm; BW 0.95 mm; BH 1.50 mm; AH 0.81 mm; AW 0.75 mm; H/W 2.33; AH/AW 1.08; W/BW 1.39; H/BH 2.05; H/AH 3.80; W/AW 1.76. Paratype 1: H 3.05 mm; W 1.31 mm; BH 1.00 mm; BW 1.55 mm; AH 0.87 mm; AW 0.75 mm; H/W 2.33; AH/AW 1.16; W/BW 1.31; H/BH 1.97; H/AH 3.51; W/AW 1.76.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5064214FD4F889B0AA9BDCECFE7FD946" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CDE2214C460554CC082B89D8FA1B4BFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BBCD63B8EB594FAC3A1898C5BBC93A1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
This new species is similar to the syntopic
<taxonomicName id="8425202AEB353B703F0B7ED638F5056F" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Pseudoiglica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoiglica kameniari" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kameniari">Pseudoiglica kameniari</taxonomicName>
sp. n., from which it differs by its more slender, elongated shell with a more prominent umbilicus and less elongated aperture situated further to the right of the columellar axis.
<pageBreakToken id="007072652D0190891A0804B4DE63A706" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" start="start">It</pageBreakToken>
differs from syntopic
<taxonomicName id="4D797F97C4C976E2CAE4B634D4859050" lsidName="P. olsavskyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="olsavskyi">P. olsavskyi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by its markedly larger and more conical shell shape and proportionally larger aperture.
<taxonomicName id="85DAFD73D177A4AAE0ECFA7A73F80EB5" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Pseudoiglica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoiglica phonsavanica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phonsavanica">Pseudoiglica phonsavanica</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (Xianghouan Province) has more a robust shell with more prominent body whorl and a differently shaped aperture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BBE07D4797FAE03EED02020D57BBAA41" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="884BC980ADAF13C52E17C6F10FE5F1FE" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDF4DA8E79E197DF76A75B82CEE125A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">The milky yellowish silky shell has six tumid convex whorls with a deep suture and a blunt apex. The surface is smooth and shiny. The shell is elongated, almost cylindrical, slightly tapering towards a blunt apex, the umbilicus is tiny, open. In frontal view, the lateral aperture protrudes against the rest of the teleoconch. The aperture is ovoid, separated from the body whorl by a gap. The peristome margin is blunt, equally thick all the way around and slightly reflexed outwards. The outer lip is sinuous in lateral view and slightly scooped forward at its lower end.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B214CCCCFF694144EB0CDF4DA4DCBE7" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="80E8A8D90C4F2D4C900FF63FE26D48BA" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7EFEB2E5D6CE2DBB79C6C7301132A0F4" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
See the etymology of the genus
<taxonomicName id="FAA273CBBEAFBED54ED84DC23B300CB6" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Pseudoiglica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoiglica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pseudoiglica</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DAFBE7CA895976B32DEDFA9483479B38" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E45DB26EC1D0C62D9EF0F38C06BE92AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8086998F7C7DF9B7688C1A232F482151" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
Only known from the type locality and nearby sites in Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="0FEA09546D3DDF794507CA6B3931DA99" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
Cave as well as in the related source of the Nam
<normalizedToken id="15517DF55AD82D1E6FEC108353CC604F" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
River and from sediments in Tham Pha Soung Cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4750178AE4AE885AE7D9DBA6D138476" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="D64FFEBC67F916FBFE43078C80570370" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE42AFA4FFBFEAB51B80B9DDB384A384" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
Empty shells of the new species were extracted from the side stream sandy sediments of an underground river inside the cave Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="43844AF4140ED012B15980344F0A021E" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
about 3 km from the main entrance situated above the source of Nam
<normalizedToken id="6DCAABDB11333D50ED18B3491F1159DE" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
River (Fig. 1A). The cave Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="516C5B0620EC674EED5B2A81206BB16B" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
is situated under the massif of Mount Pha Kouankaohong (Fig. 2C) north of Ban Na Village. It represents the largest explored cave system in Laos, with a length of known passages of ca. 42 km. The cave is morphologically diverse with large domes and passages modeled by phreatic corrosion representing the cave multiple genetic horizons formed during the past 11 million years (since Late Miocene-Lower Pliocene) of its natural history possibly driven by a hydrothermal, H2S speleogenesis (
<bibRefCitation id="2A9E17691C463899DFF6E5743F54F258" author="Mouret, C" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart," pageId="23" pageNumber="32" pagination="411 - 414" title="Main 2001 to early 2005 results on the karst of Khammouane, central Laos: long caves, sloping caves, hollow stalagmites and others. In: Proceeding of the 14 - th International Congress of Speleology (Athens-Kalamos, 21 - 18 August 2005) Paper No." volume="143" year="2005">Mouret 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the remarkable length of the cave system, its water passages are accessible only for a limited length near the entrance. The major part of the underground river comprises mostly unexplored submerged cave passages. The main sampling site was located at the bottom of Earthquake Dome (Fig. 2B), named after the sounds of the earthquake experienced here by the first explorers (Claude Mouret and Jean-Francois
<normalizedToken id="946BE87A67D4E1ADE15F92AA64C076B6" originalValue="Vacquié">Vacquie</normalizedToken>
pers. com.). The dome floor is covered by very large flat limestone slabs approx. 0.8-1.2 m thick fallen from the horizontally flat ceiling that reflects the horizontal beds of Carboniferous/Permian Khammouane Limestone. The fallen slabs fragmented the underground stream into several lakes and helped to create the sedimentation zones in which empty shells could be deposited during high water flows. A few shells were also found in the sand floor of the entrance passage approximately 1.5 km from the entrance close to the junction with a temporary side stream, as well as in the sand deposited directly at the cave entrance at the source of the Nam
<normalizedToken id="BA19C00422DCA827FC15BFBB97DC2CB1" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
River (Fig. 1A). The character of the material deposited in the cave sediments and the freshwater shell assemblages suggested their autochthonous origin rather than the allochthonous influence of horizontal surface waters. The occurrence of tiny terrestrial gastropod shells of mainly soil and leaf litter dwelling families such as
<taxonomicName id="8803742DC214B5E760360E5A19C68FEA" family="Vertiginidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" rank="family">Vertiginidae</taxonomicName>
Fitzinger, 1833 (
<taxonomicName id="0635930439FAD92B909617B752D9935A" class="Gastropoda" family="Gastrocoptidae" genus="Hypselostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypselostoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Hypselostoma</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="C8D670DE544C0CAD1DCE4CECBEA99892" class="Gastropoda" family="Gastrocoptidae" genus="Angustopila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angustopila" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken id="41A998476E7235E382CAF4B31CADC3D2" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" start="start">Angustopila</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="0A5F998388DF5FEC7B5877FD694CD4E7" class="Gastropoda" family="Gastrocoptidae" genus="Krobylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krobylos" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Krobylos</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="A5C59F91808ACDEC7160E499DA304650" class="Gastropoda" family="Gastrocoptidae" genus="Paraboysidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraboysidia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraboysidia</taxonomicName>
sp.) and
<taxonomicName id="A1BCEB8AAF8F18832B1473668DA07EA2" family="Diapheridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Diapheridae</taxonomicName>
Panha &amp; Naggs, 2010 (
<taxonomicName id="7467E6C8373B8E2992DF62A22E316350" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Sinoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoennea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sinoennea</taxonomicName>
sp.) in the underground river sediments suggests a stronger influence of vertically circulating surface karst waters. The presence of the same species in the sediments of nearby Tham Pha Soung Cave indicates possible communication between the two caves through phreatic waters under Ban Na polje or during the rainy seasons. Surface
<taxonomicName id="F136B5B3C47CC1E6B0906AA3CB3D71AD" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Triculini">Triculini</taxonomicName>
species inhabiting the Nam
<normalizedToken id="B875E0B5E21712C3451B8418B4352180" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
River are larger, with a stronger periorostracum and different shell morphology. It appears that they are not penetrating deeply into the dark cave system, probably because of a lack of their main algal food. The new species probably inhabits the so far unexplored submerged cave passages of the Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="78E0EEF0FFB2703B354B265F954CBA07" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
system.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F0A59A4AB1CA44FEC75B20A395093CE0" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8FE3680DBA7AC1648F3BAF944EC3BF2D" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
Figure 2. Photos of sites where subterranean gastropods were found. A Khammouane: main entrance of Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="D51E096557264DE02DFEB5600CF327B2" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
Cave with source of Nam
<normalizedToken id="99B7128BD4DD529EC9D7FE1F1DFC913E" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
River (2 in Fig. 1) B Earthquake Dome in cave Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="FEABE7CF13896CCB98E0E0CC62283868" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
(1 in Fig. 1) C Mount Pha Kouankaohong with entrance of Tham Khon
<normalizedToken id="E33F0A8C4AEC49F460510BF809FCA61F" originalValue="Dôn">Don</normalizedToken>
cave at its foot D Bolikhamsay, travertine cascades below the LT of
<taxonomicName id="010307B8C20921A79CDE2A9651E1CCD4" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula viengthongensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="viengthongensis">Tricula viengthongensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (6 in Fig. 1) E Khammouane, one of the main entrances of Tham Pha Soung Cave F Tham Pha Soung Cave, sampling at Frog Lake (4 in Fig. 1). (Photos: Ondrej Kameniar,
<normalizedToken id="DDEEB3C5B0F7A1B10EEF3713B7768636" originalValue="Mário">Mario</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="71888BA3AE561C7ED71A352EB4A71BA4" originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
and Jozef Grego).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0F5509259B76AEDEB1D433BCC2B768AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="7E578C19F1419464EF9513B279F50336" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
Figures 3-12. Representatives of the genus
<taxonomicName id="5A24EA070EDB26C7FC0F2B7E1961046E" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Pseudoiglica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoiglica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pseudoiglica</taxonomicName>
gen. n. 3-6
<taxonomicName id="214A95BD1DB22C45053149BADA9F383B" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Pseudoiglica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoiglica pseudoiglica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudoiglica">Pseudoiglica pseudoiglica</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (3-4 holotype NHMUK 20180001 5-6 paratype 1 coll. Grego F0871) 7-8
<taxonomicName id="DDA3349ECE90DD4437397DF2CC3E7439" lsidName="P. olsavskyi" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="olsavskyi">P. olsavskyi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype NHMUK 20180003) 9-10
<taxonomicName id="03C9D9D5675B6DBEF77C1E95E66D9AFE" lsidName="P. kameniari" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="kameniari">P. kameniari</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype NHMUK 20180002) 11-12
<taxonomicName id="23AB115FDFF399A4594BE7183A202530" lsidName="P. phonsavanica" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="phonsavanica">P. phonsavanica</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype NHMUK 20180004).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Geometridae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F193BB75-F3BF-42EC-9292-C10D65E15331" authority="Sullivan" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela Sullivan</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="8">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 11-15, 18
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
Holotype male: Costa Rica, San Ramon Reserva Biol. Alberto M. Brenes Estacion Biol. (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="10.22">10.22°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-85.62">85.62°W</geoCoordinate>
), Alajuela Province, 850 m, 7-11 February
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="9" start="start">2005</pageBreakToken>
, J. Bolling Sullivan (07-CRBS-365, JBS-3303) (INBio). Paratypes: 4♂, 1♀: 2♂, same data as holotype (JBS-5401, 5407), 1♂, 1♀, Costa Rica, Upata. Estacion San Gerardo (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="10.89">10.89°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-85.38">85.38°W</geoCoordinate>
), Alajuela Province, 550 m, 17-21 July 2006, J. Bolling Sullivan (JBS-5410, 07-CRBS-366,1205 (barcoded twice), JBS-3314). 1♂, Costa Rica, Upata Bijagua, Alberque Heliconias (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="10.43">10.43°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-85.01">85.01°W</geoCoordinate>
), 800 m, Alajuela Province, J. Bolling Sullivan (JBS-3310).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="10" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">The species is named for the province where the holotype and paratypes were taken. It has also been taken in Guanacaste province.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">
Maculation does not seem to distinguish this species. It is best characterized by barcode data and the genitalia. To date it has been found below 1200 m and with no other member of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta latrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrata">Phyllodonta latrata</taxonomicName>
complex. In the male, the distal sides of the socii are usually straight and the vesica is armed with cornuti at the end of the most prominent pouch (distal side of socii swollen in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
, both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
have unarmed vesicas). The female has a broadened collar on the ductus bursae (narrow in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
)and the signum on the corpus bursae is almost round with equal-sized spines around it (crescent shaped in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
, peanut shaped in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="10">
Male. (Fig. 11)
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="11" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
-labial palps warm brown, slightly porrect. First segment upcurved, second segment similar in length and tufted slightly over third segment, which is 1/3 as long and angled ventrally. Tongue developed. Eyes hemispherical, large, ocellus present. Frons brown, slightly pointed with scaling directed anteriorly. Scape cream proximally, brown laterally and distally. Cream color extends along dorsal edge of antennae to tip. Antennal segments oblong with minute setae at base of each segment. Interantennal area warm brown, lighter onto collar. Thorax and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Abdomen–Vertex">Abdomen-Vertex</normalizedToken>
brown, fine scaling extending onto thorax, most scales expanding to three pointed tip, a few black tipped. Tegulae brown, abdomen with closely appressed scaling, gray brown dorsally, warm brown ventrally. Legs finely scaled, warm brown, tibia on first two legs with 3 evenly spaced white spots dorsally, proximal smallest, distal largest, tarsal spines prominent (0-2-4).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wings–forewings">Wings-forewings</normalizedToken>
warm brown with prominent antemedial and postmedial lines that undulate, in both cases forming two outward bulges. Antemedial bulges separated by cleft. Both lines black edged with lighter grayish scales proximally. Black scaling distal to reniform at costa and forming a diffuse line paralleling antemedial line. Reniform spot small, black, and forming center of a gray circle. Wings long, outer margin truncated at costa with a distinct notch medially, forewing length 24.1 mm (23.5-25.0 mm, n=6). Hindwing with prominent postmedial line, margin with submedial notch. Underside of wings warm brown, forewing with postmedial line prominent, medial line visible, antemedial line absent. White blotch subterminal at notch, larger black blotch proximal to it. Small discal spot present. Hindwing underside with prominent PM line, prominent discal spot, small yellow line of scales distal to PM line on both wings. Cream streak from wing base widening to anal angle. Male Genitalia (Figs 13-14) (6 dissections) -uncus unsclerotized, over half length of socii with terminal setae. Socius triangular shaped not swollen at base and curving distally toward tip. Well-defined tegumen with triangular gnathos, rounded at tip with small setae. Juxta narrow basally forming a pocket and widening toward transitilla lobes, which widen medially. Costa well sclerotized tapering to tip of valva. Valva broad with two ridges bearing setae. Subcostal ridge well developed with prominent setae, tapering slightly and meeting a broader submarginal ridge that broadens to half width at valve tip. Saccus vee-shaped and usually indented slightly at basal point. Aedeagus partially sclerotized distally, a band of striations at tip. Ductus inserts sub-basally. Vesica tubular with two outpockets distally, most prominent from left side and terminating with a patch of 10 or more moderately long cornuti. A row of small cornuti at base of vesica and variable in appearance, sometimes absent. Vesica slightly longer than aedeagus. Female. (Fig. 12) - similar to male but larger, gray-brown ground color, cross lines usually more prominent, forewing length 27 mm, n=1. Gray circle around reniform more distinct. Undersides similar to male but more gray brown. Female Genitalia (Figs 15, 18) (1 dissection) - Anal papillae with setae, distally truncated in shape with anterior apophyses shorter than posterior apophyses. Anal plate not sclerotized, forming a broad funnel. Ductus bursae short with narrow sclerotized collar at posterior end; collar ends form obvious abutment. Accessory bursae striated, widening significantly to form nipple at midpoint and weakly defined striations continuing onto bursae. Corpus bursae almost round. Signum circular with two or three rows of short spines radiating from fovea.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
Figures 11, 12.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
. 11 male holotype (07-CRBS-365) 12 female (07-CRBS-366.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
Figures 13-15.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
. 13 male valve (JBS-5400) 14 aedeagus (JBS-3303) 15 female genitalia (JBS-3314).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
Figures 16-18. Comparison of signa. 16
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
(JBS-3315) 17
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
(JBS-5409) 18
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
(JBS-3314).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" type="barcodes">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Barcodes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
Twenty eight specimens have been barcoded and exhibit 9 haplotypes that differ from each other by a maximum of 1%. They differ from those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
by a minimum of 4.8% and from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
by a minimum of 6.3%. The most common haplotype (09-SRNP-36297) is:
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
AACATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCTGGAATAGTAGGTACATCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAGCGGAATTAGGAAACCCTGGGTCTTTAATTG
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="12" start="start">GAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATGGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGGGGATTTGGGAATTGATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTGGGGGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTACTTCCGCCTTCTATTACACTTTTAATTTCTAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCCGGAACTGGATGAACTGTCTACCCTCCTTTATCTTCTAATATTGCCCACGGTGGTAGTTCTGTTGATCTTGCTATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCTGGTATTTCATCAATTTTAGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGATTAAATAACTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCTGTAGGAATCACTGCATTTTTATTATTATTATCATTACCTGTTTTAGCTGGAGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGACCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTC</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Known from 500 to 1150 m in the provinces of Alajuela and Guanacaste. Moths are probably in flight throughout the year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="12" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation author="Janzen, DH" journalOrPublisher="News of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="14" title="Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies &amp; moths of ACG, Guanacaste, Costa Rica" url="http://Janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso" year="2014">Janzen and Hallwachs (2014)</bibRefCitation>
have reared this species 62 times. The larvae fed primarily (59 records) on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">Witheringia solanacea</taxonomicName>
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hér">Her</normalizedToken>
. in the
<taxonomicName genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
. One record may represent a second species on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brugmansia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brugmansia x subsp. candida" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="x" subSpecies="candida">
Brugmansia
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
candida
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
). The present range of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
seems to be limited to the Northwestern provinces of Costa Rica and may extend into Nicaragua. Southward and eastward its range is unknown. Specimens of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta latrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrata">Phyllodonta latrata</taxonomicName>
complex from Anchicaya and Calima Dam in Valle Province of Colombia (four dissections) have similar male genitalia, but the basal spines on the vesica are larger; no specimens of it have been barcoded. Species of non-migratory moths common to Colombia and Costa Rica are often distributed in the western lowlands of both countries.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>