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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.253.3414" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ad785ab-a3c7-4822-9cf4-7678408d7b8e" ID-PMC="PMC3560840" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-253-1" ID-PubMed="23378812" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-253-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 253" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical flea beetle genera: a key to their identification, updated catalogue and biogeographical analysis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)" checkinTime="1451247830188" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Biondi, Maurizio &amp; D'Alessandro, Paola" docDate="2012" docId="0F000B2D39F5E3AE95D5DED13B9D4D9D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 253: 1-158" docOrigin="ZooKeys 253" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.253.3414" docTitle="Sjostedtinia Weise 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="C17BFFBFD878FF9FFF88FFDAFFE4FFDF" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical flea beetle genera: a key to their identification, updated catalogue and biogeographical analysis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668155052959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Afrotropical flea beetle genera: a key to their identification, updated catalogue and biogeographical analysis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Biondi, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>D'Alessandro, Paola</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>253</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.253.3414</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.253.3414</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-253-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F000B2D39F5E3AE95D5DED13B9D4D9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F000B2D39F5E3AE95D5DED13B9D4D9D" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sjostedtinia" authority="Weise, 1910 a" genus="Sjostedtinia" lsidName="Sjostedtinia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Sjostedtinia Weise, 1910a</taxonomicName>
Figs 98261-262365
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Weise 1910a</bibRefCitation>
: 205;
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bryant 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 162;
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Scherer 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 648;
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Biondi and
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alessandro">D'Alessandro</normalizedToken>
2010a
</bibRefCitation>
: 413.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName genus="Sjostedtinia" lsidName="Sjostedtinia montivaga" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="montivaga">Sjostedtinia montivaga</taxonomicName>
Weise, 1910a: 206 (Kilimanjaro: Kibocho), by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, (Fig. 365).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
This genus lives at high altitudes on Kilimanjaro and Mount Elgon.
<taxonomicName genus="Sjostedtinia" lsidName="Sjostedtinia montivaga" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="montivaga">Sjostedtinia montivaga</taxonomicName>
has been collected from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Lobelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lobelia deckeni" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deckeni">Lobelia deckeni</taxonomicName>
(Asch.) Hemsl. (
<taxonomicName genus="Lobeliaceae" lsidName="Lobeliaceae" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Lobeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Weise, 1910a), and
<taxonomicName genus="Sjostedtinia" lsidName="Sjostedtinia fordi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fordi">Sjostedtinia fordi</taxonomicName>
Bryant, 1953 from a
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio" order="Asterales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Senecio</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) in Uganda (Bryant, 1953), and from a
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Lobelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lobelia" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lobelia</taxonomicName>
sp. in Kenya (S. Zoia 2009, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Two species are known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="6D65C7F6625C497F00A786ED8BB24D46" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4A3F56D747B1EBF55E135C4C7B602B25" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="271F3985D9F34E0313347E5FE504F8C8" ID-CoL="PMLV" authority="Thomas 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Callicebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallescens" subGenus="Callicebus">
<emphasis id="5477653F870B61DC0FEAC1493CCEB71B" italics="true" pageNumber="145">Callicebus (Callicebus) pallescens</emphasis>
Thomas 1907
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9402A17AE3C3EAC2A7502678F689BDA" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E09EF87102AC7AEBBA23F33798CF845E" pageNumber="145">
<treatmentCitation id="DB358DFFA995CBDE7F516899FBD223F8" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Callicebus" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" page="161" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallescens" subGenus="Callicebus" title="Callicebus (Callicebus) pallescens" volume="20" year="1907">
<taxonomicName id="A5BCD16BD3EF8C455B0A636E3F9A3E29" ID-CoL="PMLV" authority="Thomas 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Callicebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallescens" subGenus="Callicebus">
<emphasis id="BF6F0FD29932BB37A2A910495D336457" italics="true" pageNumber="145">Callicebus (Callicebus) pallescens</emphasis>
Thomas 1907
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="D9DBD961F9527A00C52F4472E7AD0550" author="Thomas" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7" pageNumber="145" pagination="161" title="Callicebus (Callicebus) pallescens" volume="20" year="1907">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 20: 161</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45B2B8EE123E5158A076E29F89862C13" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="14DB82C415207DDDDE49A2563974E7E9" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="7D2D5E0C7A01123FDAAD79830F89D321" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="145">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="1E0B11734ECAEA3816764C5DCDA84226" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867331508" country="Paraguay" pageNumber="145" stateProvince="Concepcion">
<collectingCountry id="389C045562E91EBA7C5CF8BAFF61BD09" name="Paraguay">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, Chaco,
<quantity id="FE8A794627C206CA6BBD9C1639DA5A53" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
north of
<collectingRegion id="5230D2937C10FB776A2753CBCAF4012A" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion">Concepcion</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B05228B34C2379118E314EA8424354C4" pageNumber="145" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="13A59DB4168A1772C7928182AFE0CF1F" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="3C779B17BC5A7177BBD0185E722E30D6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="145">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="DE51016D338E1B4461B396EFAFA7FA44" language="eng" pageNumber="145">
White-coated
<collectingRegion id="38E059EA09812AD75326DDE6B9D5D6C9" country="Mozambique" name="Tete">Titi</collectingRegion>
</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE39937454721F8E7E382906050570E5" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0144110E909A90DA8EFF0CB7BE017D49" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="BBA013D76FC3C36815FBE6495D366E24" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="145">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="2A7FA74BDD4B757F3361F95C4A969E17" name="Paraguay">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, W of Rio
<collectingCountry id="C5439E32D228EC9ED90ABF8ED540037E" name="Paraguay">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
to about
<geoCoordinate id="4B7270FDD73685A01417053821E5BFB6" degrees="23" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55555" value="-23.0">23°S</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="D25A837E36170C7B0620EF2160210703" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.5">61°30’W</geoCoordinate>
in Gran Chaco;
<collectingRegion id="DD139EBCD919E76C61C72B66FC715886" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
, in the Pantanal (
<collectingCountry id="DFC2274047470383847CD791FCFE22AF" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
); probably
<collectingCountry id="9F0CF93D86635FD462AF2F34D69B65BF" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="CE7B56D99A15D0DD9F86CB653CC31997" author="Anderson, S." refId="ref9309" refString="Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 231: 1 - 652." year="1997">Anderson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FCB0337EAE87DAFF4A107CBCEB0A855D" pageNumber="145" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="750BD35FB4FFC5253492ACF5C1F93530" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="5B6AFDEDFDB08D618FDA58CD54BDDCBD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="145">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="62C8862766DCF2AD3B83BDC292EF1DF7">CITES</collectionCode>
– Appendix II;
<collectionCode id="4E1CE30F39D0E779DCF7955BFCA8318C">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45DFDDEFEF7436A24F62B69DB909A4A8" pageNumber="145" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C4E0B8A69F35E9E59614ACFE97E9D592" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="DDFAC757E8A157B303CBD5E08301A39A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="145">Discussion:</emphasis>
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="AABAE813D67365CDA907F58806B4B9EE" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Callicebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AC47F1D04F329F12AF265B279434F32B" italics="true" pageNumber="145">Callicebus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E13BDD560C3366478B1B67F19CEED37C" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Callicebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donacophilus">
<emphasis id="5CE736EB233CE9FDD5351E6CAB620CC4" italics="true" pageNumber="145">C. donacophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Separated from
<taxonomicName id="D638ACB3BCF150B22F90D0FFE0DA7019" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Pitheciidae" genus="Callicebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donacophilus">
<emphasis id="761C831F78CE348D449984A3945B8E87" italics="true" pageNumber="145">C. donacophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AC185789BCE4A03049742EF3DCEBACEA" author="Groves, C. P." refId="ref132585" refString="Groves, C. P. 2001 c. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 350 pp." year="2001">
Groves (2001
<emphasis id="D7DBD09A98966158CE24CDB2DD342BAA" italics="true" pageNumber="145">c</emphasis>
:172)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="A033EAC20BE89A376F42F8E779D64A0E" author="Van Roosmalen, M. G. M. &amp; T. van Roosmaalen &amp; R. A. Mittermeier" refId="ref366966" refString="Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., T. van Roosmaalen, and R. A. Mittermeier. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates, 10 (Suppl.): 1 - 52." year="2002">van Roosmalen et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

55
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Svalbard (
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); Alaska (
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<normalizedToken id="D8215CCD633D6D8CA64AA8514A8F890B" originalValue="Andrássy">Andrassy</normalizedToken>
2003c
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58
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Figs 44, 45
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Holotype male, Wyrrabalong National Park (
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, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA), 2 June 1997, L. Wilkie, pitfall trap (AM KS128072). Paratypes: 1 male, same data as holotype (AM KS62060). 1 male, 1 female, Beecroft Peninsula, northern headland of Jervis Bay (
<geoCoordinate id="9E9FEB2374A083356833C309304DA447" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-35.05083">
35°03
<normalizedToken id="53EC320495FB7843FA711B80F956CB12" originalValue="’03”">'03&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0F6FEF7EC0F44AB65E5982002E1B796B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="150.78917">
150°47
<normalizedToken id="669BD0EC22A2109E1699BC12719DAD77" originalValue="’21”">'21&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA), 10 June 1999, pitfall trap, L. Gibson (AM KS63496); 2 males, Beecroft Peninsula, northern headland of Jervis Bay (
<geoCoordinate id="E4DBBF617BEE9673DD3736F476B98142" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-35.05083">
35°03
<normalizedToken id="E0572D9989C40EC008112FCA1FB446A9" originalValue="’03”">'03&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="77C3F9E761429E8981EB6EE770B2BD58" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="150.78917">
150°47
<normalizedToken id="57CFE5CCB9400AEC3C52B7E6E38C85AE" originalValue="’21”">'21&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA), 20 August 1999, pitfall trap, L. Gibson, (AM KS63508); 1 male, same data (ZMH A0002174).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DAF3B4695E90B3CE6062611014DBBE3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EF73F4EBC1585E1404BCCD7ECBA75E14" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="655E90F8BCC54E1233F2EB6B88A855E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
32 males, 1 female in 26 records (all NSW). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 1 male, Booderee National Park, southern headland of Jervis Bay,
<geoCoordinate id="13DEE75BEBFAB67F4F51ACDDD7D30C78" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-35.146946">
35°08
<normalizedToken id="334746A5DD747614C5B9C00358059366" originalValue="’49”">'49&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="413CB6CA53CF9F38A78498F5301FBCC8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="150.75139">
150°45
<normalizedToken id="E120BADEB9DB02ABA0852E6645A2F3FF" originalValue="’05”">'05&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62999); 5 males, Booti Booti National Park,
<geoCoordinate id="B2F985EDCEF57476DD0B705A17B517F8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.266666">32°16'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="902B70601D5742EEB0BD930A1CA8967E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="152.51666">152°31'E</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS50514, KS50684, KS50686, KS50689); 2 males, Booti Booti National Park,
<geoCoordinate id="0BFE2333A24F93FD515C4C6CFBCCA6F2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.24111">
32°14
<normalizedToken id="3B0222B90306A1C24CA8BDF6D6B2E85E" originalValue="’28”">'28&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8208B1CD91C97BDDB1DE33BF6D793677" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="152.54723">
152°32
<normalizedToken id="C601178F4BB5CC1A6F8A6422070B4D7A" originalValue="’50”">'50&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS63919, KS63921); 3 males, Booti Booti National Park, south of Forster - northern end of dirt track to
<normalizedToken id="397293D73B83682FBD8BD0571B40C7F8" originalValue="Jane’s">Jane's</normalizedToken>
Corner,
<geoCoordinate id="8BCFA921F5E1F7814B73C15AE53F6735" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.24111">
32°14
<normalizedToken id="F0BFE6C3B4AB99413C9D326231EE79AE" originalValue="’28”">'28&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C4809E3A91F1A6F8A030F5C0E98F21ED" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="152.54723">
152°32
<normalizedToken id="00C7D5CA6D711A0CEB4531A9F0FB1868" originalValue="’50”">'50&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62063-4, KS62070); 1 male, Doubleduke State Forest, junction of Range Road &amp; Lockleys Road,
<geoCoordinate id="2FE2B51CE816316D13802F8CE85A6FA1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.234446">
29°14
<normalizedToken id="F901CDD741F7C8795CCCF6A09A323F9B" originalValue="’04”">'04&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7977DCF1E623DFB2ED3E8D28ADA0C84A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.18611">
153°11
<normalizedToken id="35A77A6D60CDC9F9A3C281290A5D2ADF" originalValue="’10”">'10&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS39702); 2 males, Munmorah State Recreation Area, first access track to beach from southern entrance to park,
<geoCoordinate id="80D0BE96FF133A679C817765E0F7C3A9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.223057">
33°13
<normalizedToken id="E343D88E952940B9AF449D86FF58985B" originalValue="’23”">'23&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E81A9A72B5E3B8B18F2631D92F04D927" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.5836">
151°35
<normalizedToken id="395BEB47E50E193F9530A3DB54893DEB" originalValue="’01”">'01&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62061-2); 6 males, Myall Lakes National Park, 3.8km South of Mungo Brush campsite,
<geoCoordinate id="99DB92A6DEE7CC8633068E1D03E91BCA" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.579445">
32°34
<normalizedToken id="808544AC839055F7F00C0947D91CFA7A" originalValue="’46”">'46&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7AE51E921C92D98DF5E11ED7FBA41F42" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="152.29085">
152°17
<normalizedToken id="3B5FC033099561D4713BC551A45E52BE" originalValue="’27”">'27&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62057-8, KS62069, KS62071); 4 males, Myall Lakes National Park, Lemontree Beach access,
<geoCoordinate id="BD7CA4A65CAFE3905900879A6D667303" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.63222">
32°37
<normalizedToken id="578E71899BA05D76A9864CE033046501" originalValue="’56”">'56&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8AB077935B1301886D8AC69FB6DD607A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="152.20778">
152°12
<normalizedToken id="62C51621B584DF3FD751C7E4BC8457C7" originalValue="’28”">'28&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62066-7, KS62072); 1 male, Wyrrabalong National Park,
<geoCoordinate id="F6EAB3C66EC1E2324E8A954A2C70D951" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.27889">
33°16
<normalizedToken id="264D13D42BCE002ED35107F4F44D9DF3" originalValue="’44”">'44&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="76B4BA3E267CEF476DAD3C88D371C2CA" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.5475">
151°32
<normalizedToken id="ABAF71C46759171AB6CFD460FC11A57B" originalValue="’51”">'51&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS63918); 1 male, Wyrrabalong National Park,
<geoCoordinate id="48A645AD79D9DC3AC7B179FE4B420B2B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.27972">
33°16
<normalizedToken id="1042B78EA15CD8C558819D314E3A346F" originalValue="’47”">'47&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="899956FC93BAAD91558C53148A6C3642" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.54445">
151°32
<normalizedToken id="7ADB14796862025B9F7D81FAFEB808D0" originalValue="’40”">'40&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62068); 1 male, Wyrrabalong National Park,
<geoCoordinate id="E801760F7B4285D24F41F2C554B34DF8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.280834">
33°16
<normalizedToken id="37F43CF520942FD8D3B093730E0FE730" originalValue="’51”">'51&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2B8003F2203DC501156EEF528F1063FF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.54362">
151°32
<normalizedToken id="D141200B98A34B4B10769D6FCEE39D1F" originalValue="’37”">'37&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62056); 1 male, Wyrrabalong National Park, along track through old carpark area at northern end of park,
<geoCoordinate id="05AC9B498FFC47B7D68C94C2D6AA118B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.29361">
33°17
<normalizedToken id="80850D19F92C9DB5C4E397AA006FC3B6" originalValue="’37”">'37&quot;</normalizedToken>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E10ABC1B57A3D2C744E51133FFBFA227" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.56056">
151°33
<normalizedToken id="328D06E793920E7816BC1A5DC2FB6F2E" originalValue="’38”">'38&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
(AM KS62059).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A8E45CF6B6C5CF52DA5223258C2009C" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="40EDAABED7BEFDC81B9062EA15F6A7BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="76DA037C24B336F442EC498918990C94" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Mr Lance Wilkie, who collected the holotype.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2EB0FA1C3142A26BE1FE2D761CA4EF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7AE71E6E3B67597447705A4CE47D207D" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B94A190D256F53BBE5177DAF4F2642B" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
The pedipalp morphology in males of
<taxonomicName id="A0BA2D304C82988ACF5A6188D229FAF2" lsidName="A. wilkiei" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="wilkiei">A. wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is most similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="A3D89CBAB1A5A0482A0187F6FE97A75B" lsidName="A. barringtonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="barringtonensis">A. barringtonensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName id="EC796021906080714A66B1AD79BB4104" lsidName="A. bondi" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="bondi">A. bondi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. based on the small, spoon-shaped tegular apophysis. However,
<taxonomicName id="E9CEF0BAEB592E14A77023DD1421F3C0" lsidName="A. wilkiei" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="wilkiei">A. wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is the only species amongst these in which the tegular apophysis has a small tooth pointing ventrally, visible in retrolateral view (Fig. 45F). The female epigyne of
<taxonomicName id="BABC054A5A2184C0DA2569DBB2171B43" lsidName="A. wilkiei" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="wilkiei">A. wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="87A1493B2FAAC7844CBD154C0E4B9EFE" lsidName="A. mungo" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="mungo">A. mungo</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but the spermathecal heads are much larger and touch medially.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DC37E4030E144159584EA112C04B67EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="6DD1415C4255D83855AEAD401FD86093" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BAA82C5E8FAF63B44B5718A760805A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Male (based on holotype AM KS128072).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4883EFBF9ECF1409F80E75E01DD2DF47" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Total length 4.3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71B7C7EB72BCD6E1531C1448DACADD87" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Prosoma. Length 2.3, width 1.7; carapace yellow-brown dusted with grey and indistinct light radial pattern; lateral margin and central band pale yellow, broader in cephalic area (Fig. 45A); sternum pale, with darker margin (Fig. 45B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FE7D9A7E107C04FB42396829B87B5CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Eyes. Diameter of AME: 0.09; ALE: 0.07; PME: 0.30; PLE: 0.22.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFDE3E036613848179264F89CDEBA554" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Anterior eye row. Straight, evenly spaced.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8A737046D83D429B4764DE2AA6F05B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Chelicerae. Dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3D76D44A2DFA6F665F883C01B596077" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Labium. Dark brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 45B)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0A09DCE8A2539DCE1A820124EBEEF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Pedipalp coxae. Dark brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 45B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD9869AA7AC7027BAF8122F4F381B2ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Legs. Femur of leg I very dark to almost black; other legs pale, femora and tibia with darker annulations; tarsi and metatarsi lighter (Fig. 45A).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F97A66E501C147CA946CC200F4AC958D" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Opisthosoma. Length 2.0, width 1.2; with pale anterior cardiac mark and dark grey irregular pattern (Fig. 45A). Venter pale with darker pattern around spinnerets (Fig. 45B); spinnerets dark grey.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3264760A9AEAF2666CC4DD14A0363947" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Pedipalps. Tibia as long as broad; cymbium tip with 4-5 macrosetae (Fig. 45E, F); dorsal scopula patch present; tegular apophysis small, distally scooped, with tiny tooth, basally narrowed to 1/2, tip rounded not reaching margin of cymbium (Fig. 45E, F); palea as long as wide; basoembolic apophysis triangular with rounded tip; embolus semicircular; terminal apophysis tip triangular (Fig. 48I).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C613131D1B685C2B19E73CF6D6226BE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Female (based on paratype AM KS63496).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CCF3C351284C8E2BD230158F69D659F" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Total length 5.1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD25F66A5075A0C9DDE72DCF18E44248" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Prosoma. Length 2.6, width 1.8; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Fig. 45C, D).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79CD1A0AF69D93A6BCA8949506196193" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.09, ALE 0.07, PME 0.32, PLE 0.25.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7EC8E32D5641F17967773C23DD179B65" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Anterior eye row. Strongly procurved, evenly spaced.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72B8039422ADC5B4654F9C9C842F7541" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Opisthosoma. Length 2.8, width 1.6; opisthosoma similar colour as male but cardiac mark indistinct (Fig. 45C, D).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="415E32E1BBD082160D17520F4DDEC5C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Epigyne. Wider than long, strongly sclerotised lateral posterior tips, atrium whitish (Fig. 45G); spermathecal heads massive, subglobular and almost touching medially, spermathecal stalks attached posteriorly and very short (Fig. 45H).</paragraph>
<caption id="245D7A22964C460EDD53208E75767341" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<paragraph id="7F22B7B105F70FBA698C671358BE3A4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
Figure 45.
<taxonomicName id="D3061863EFD76374B2715E3E937FA99C" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Artoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artoria wilkiei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkiei">Artoria wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype (AM KS128072), female paratype (AM KS63496): A, male habitus, dorsal view; B, male habitus, ventral view; C, female habitus, dorsal view; D, female habitus, ventral view; E, male pedipalp, ventral view; F, male pedipalp, retrolateral view; G, epigyne, ventral view; H, epigyne, dorsal view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0 mm; pedipalp, epigyne 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D484016DDC776F187F00235A7658D2DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="life history and habitat preferences">
<paragraph id="812F11349308B06B8F59C2975374A9A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Life history and habitat preferences.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03A4EA97530F2A4C53E7842778D0D4A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="F90632E719499BB3C3DC3C70DC9B376A" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Artoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artoria wilkiei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkiei">Artoria wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. appears to prefer open, coastal habitats such as sand dunes and heath. The species is autumn- to winter-mature with males collected from April to August. A single female was collected in June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D22ACCF464E49DC32639128B07AF0D78" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B853C7E7635F1B5C98FE980DD7322877" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F6A9CACF1EBB491A33635FED035ED82B" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="DB173251C5666F7C5D4AA69006669FE7" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Artoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artoria wilkiei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkiei">Artoria wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. has so far only been found in coastal NSW in the South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), NSW North Coast (NNC) and Sydney Basin (SYB) IBRA regions (Fig. 44).
</paragraph>
<caption id="84A2A8E6274AF11C7FBB06D09C02556E" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<paragraph id="07BA0AB2DC231241693C32604476092D" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
Figure 46.
<taxonomicName id="4581C40844EC498989B2A2B3AE3EFF0E" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Artoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artoria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Artoria</taxonomicName>
spp., palea of male pedipalp, ventral view: A,
<taxonomicName id="6C953F9ABABAA3748CC362B8238BABE6" lsidName="A. lineata" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="lineata">A. lineata</taxonomicName>
(L. Koch, 1877) (AM KS21673); B,
<taxonomicName id="55B382B8E5B82C07297F823E034D9640" lsidName="A. ulrichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="ulrichi">A. ulrichi</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2002 (AM KS4316); C,
<taxonomicName id="7B89C066803203FCA185C3E9C4E593AC" lsidName="A. quadrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="quadrata">A. quadrata</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2002 (AM KS61739); D,
<taxonomicName id="5567F974AA69BBB7B3DF4309FC2C3F85" lsidName="A. flavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="flavimana">A. flavimana</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1909 (AM KS52091); E,
<taxonomicName id="1365E77D2A613C16AFC53498586EC415" lsidName="A. gloriosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="gloriosa">A. gloriosa</taxonomicName>
(Rainbow, 1920) (AM KS84008); F,
<taxonomicName id="705B096BD9CF1E01EE64D33EA909CB77" lsidName="A. albopilata" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="albopilata">A. albopilata</taxonomicName>
(Urquhart, 1893) (AM KS116121); G,
<taxonomicName id="A2FB37379057486CBA46050C14D9917F" lsidName="A. mckayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="mckayi">A. mckayi</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2002 (AM KS45830); H,
<taxonomicName id="F4ED1BD5812723CC0B3FF9E75B7E4587" lsidName="A. berenice" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="berenice">A. berenice</taxonomicName>
(L. Koch, 1877) (AM KS75080) I,
<taxonomicName id="C712345942D8F205BDF841AD376E2B40" lsidName="A. victoriensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="victoriensis">A. victoriensis</taxonomicName>
Framenau, Gotch &amp; Austin, 2006 (AM KS843630); J,
<taxonomicName id="09CE334EF8B419C42E09190837E52967" lsidName="A. howquaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="howquaensis">A. howquaensis</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2002 (AM KS82788); K,
<taxonomicName id="7069E742543E745459AEEBF7A9A0B57B" lsidName="A. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="triangularis">A. triangularis</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2002 (AM KS99035); L,
<taxonomicName id="E6870383661EECE6F6044D0C65744B5D" lsidName="A. alta" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="alta">A. alta</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2004 (AM KS45825). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0EB06A19755500471AE5E0609BB1DFEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<paragraph id="A2C0885FB97E5216F3316358511C103C" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
Figure 47.
<taxonomicName id="34A0C3308448AD0E0EBE9060A65FF324" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Artoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artoria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Artoria</taxonomicName>
spp., palea of male pedipalp, ventral view: A,
<taxonomicName id="8BB2EDC7B15CC7AF98EB8480578B1484" lsidName="A. barringtonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="barringtonensis">A. barringtonensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS122794); B,
<taxonomicName id="0B61C974F1D2D7E68B9103DE7A02C3E7" lsidName="A. beaury" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="beaury">A. beaury</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS127757); C,
<taxonomicName id="4A02AE00A87B9CE07F56323A1796196F" lsidName="A. belfordensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="belfordensis">A. belfordensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS127759); D,
<taxonomicName id="1F7E56A7D9BAC7580C48896802BBA3D5" lsidName="A. bondi" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="bondi">A. bondi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128073); E,
<taxonomicName id="FFB574F7C1AF1E12BFE4D3004E652FDE" lsidName="A. booderee" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="booderee">A. booderee</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128069); F,
<taxonomicName id="C6E12EB78289FCCB7D4651C13F046CA3" lsidName="A. comleroi" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="comleroi">A. comleroi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128078); G,
<taxonomicName id="AD036B03D726E19F52E6ECACF65578D4" lsidName="A. corowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="corowa">A. corowa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128079); H,
<taxonomicName id="E76F4D9DC10557DA2CED9ACEB10287ED" lsidName="A. equipalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="equipalus">A. equipalus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS1228077) I,
<taxonomicName id="BF617F6E6891CF480B1E8EC4AD1B0E5A" lsidName="A. extraordinaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="extraordinaria">A. extraordinaria</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128074); J,
<taxonomicName id="24AF2340A6BF2EEFA14FE0F01061239A" lsidName="A. grahammilledgei" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="grahammilledgei">A. grahammilledgei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS127756); K,
<taxonomicName id="038695A6EEFB3242897EB76465640948" lsidName="A. helensmithae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="helensmithae">A. helensmithae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128076); L,
<taxonomicName id="E44357209072DFCC6E6F2A7C86750629" lsidName="A. kanangra" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="kanangra">A. kanangra</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS45008). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9C5EBF6985A9A843D5E765330D700419" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<paragraph id="E3620E4A3E3054C28FC8F03CD279FF96" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
Figure 48.
<taxonomicName id="98B06A4CF5C77C71B8AC06E075580E6D" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Artoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artoria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Artoria</taxonomicName>
spp., palea of male pedipalp, ventral view: A,
<taxonomicName id="C14F855E38CC4B2951A216EFC6E45154" lsidName="A. kerewong" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="kerewong">A. kerewong</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS16162); B,
<taxonomicName id="30E4A392E3F124CEEAFCA12C69784222" lsidName="A. maroota" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="maroota">A. maroota</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128075); C,
<taxonomicName id="5156715FB6BB6B5814E2A4A139B87982" lsidName="A. mungo" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="mungo">A. mungo</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS12773); D,
<taxonomicName id="F75DD1093DA90A33A820DDC6F02C0365" lsidName="A. munmorah" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="munmorah">A. munmorah</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128070); E,
<taxonomicName id="4BE135ABF3F7ED644D388BEE6FEAA5EA" lsidName="A. slatyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="slatyeri">A. slatyeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS116619); F,
<taxonomicName id="52B65286F24967DB82ED980963F2F902" lsidName="A. strepera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="strepera">A. strepera</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS48719); G,
<taxonomicName id="A06FE17729B07038226405231F5D2F17" lsidName="A. taeniifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="taeniifera">A. taeniifera</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1909 (WAM 98/2179); H,
<taxonomicName id="C642DFA721FA02F9C7D6E98D975DBD9E" lsidName="A. terania" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="terania">A. terania</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS10351) I,
<taxonomicName id="3B04DF73725F392EC6DB6FC28E17549F" lsidName="A. wilkiei" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="wilkiei">A. wilkiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (AM KS128072). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

329
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<taxonomicName id="BF78CAE7A759C7D166F0523ACB694BCC" LSID="https://zoobank.org/DFD9C645-A8FD-4F66-811B-06EFEA44E991" authority="Short &amp; Girón, 2023" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus" status="sp. nov.">Novochares punctatostriatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="826F97AECC5D9BF21A1CA1AB7F614731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="6B1770D9EA3CEC8E53A93716AADDACB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="7EBCF4F90BD00C2C8E7AA32AEEBB8A36" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 14B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1E829535FDFF20D6EA310AAD76F7F4F5" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus species group A-D N. dentatus E, F N. spangleri G, H N. geminus I N. triangularis J, K N. pertusus L-Q N. punctatostriatus A-C Venezuela D Ecuador L-N Suriname O Peru P, Q Brazil. A, E, G, I, J, L, O, P dorsal view H, M, Q ventral view C, F, N oblique view K lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15L-Q</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4F800D9DD07100B3A5484FA25E91109F" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Novochares punctatostriatus species group A N. punctatostriatus (red), N. pertusus (yellow) B N. dentatus (red), N. triangularis (yellow), N. spangleri (blue), N. geminus (green)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881183" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 16A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B84652CEAE1EC13E9CB07B9F38F080F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="79B2AAE225E38DF7DA7DA81C93F186F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF07B777D5FDCAB88A38B52FD1CD4CDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="45C9849BEC8E15D1D9FA565B091BA260" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B2BB8FEEC3162A81994E0BCA6573520E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
(male)
</emphasis>
: &quot;PERU: Madre de Dios/ Rio Tambopata Res.; 290m/ 30 air km SW of Puerto Maldonado/ 16-20.xi.1979; subtropical moist forest/ leg. J.B. Heppner&quot; (USNM).
<emphasis id="1A8E1386EE1B56BECC0D3AB58A85CE96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="1E2C0074554CF15A34BC7BE22AA31587" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
(262 exs.): Brazil:
<normalizedToken id="B746A363E3CE24D6AFDC8CBDE305B48B" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Oiapoque (ca. 22 km S) on BR-156, leg. Short, forested detrital pools, BR18-0720-01B (1, SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE2094).
<emphasis id="5BAFFCED4BE8FFFB0F0E637059134ACA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amazonas</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="F711C90671379DB9BE06F9DC731DD26B" originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
, Humaita (ca. 240 km N) on BR-319,
<geoCoordinate id="5C951E14769314F1B4B26816AD0262EC" degrees="5.50298" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.50298">-5.50298</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FE0B008D4F4B2769C56EE7344C96F760" degrees="62.12392" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-62.12392">-62.12392</geoCoordinate>
, 54 m, 11.vii.2018, leg. Short, margin of stream, BR18-0712-01B (2, INPA, SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE1969).
<emphasis id="6939F094AC6DCB8BCB09D6A5867DC6D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="B8CA8CAC1F564B91041C42EC49E481AA" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Altamira (ca. 60 km S), Rio Xingu Camp,
<geoCoordinate id="6173D8BA396EC1D92E76C7D1375B843D" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.666668">52°40'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="313CF632504CF85368E0B8A64F2C8E86" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.8333333">3°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 12.x.1986, leg. P. Spangler &amp; O. Flint (10, USNM).
<emphasis id="9CD511E0CC915F1F0C84D7A280F3D18D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="CF0E3F98D1974ACDDCD5B49C330B3471" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Machadinho
<normalizedToken id="BD32D4BA72C6BF10466F0E13DA77865F" originalValue="d’Oeste">d'Oeste</normalizedToken>
, Tabajara (ca. 7.5 km W) on RO-133,
<geoCoordinate id="E0B16D197AB19EC0920CF256A19C0B06" degrees="8.92368" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.92368">-8.92368</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="56385485A00623E7DC9AD1B054FCE90D" degrees="62.12491" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-62.12491">-62.12491</geoCoordinate>
, 82 m, 8.vii.2018, leg. Short, river with sandy bottom and rocks, BR18-0708-04A (1, SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE2037); Novo Uniao, Vale do Cachoeiras,
<geoCoordinate id="3139C7CC0AF6B3203DDB69F2B753E25E" degrees="10.91764" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-10.91764">-10.91764</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC2BCA7F0357F74352B540CF3768513F" degrees="62.377" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-62.377">-62.377</geoCoordinate>
, 359 m, 10.vii.2018, leg. Short, small sandy-bottom stream margin, BR18-0710-02A (1, SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE2090).
<emphasis id="DF39C1236D24FD673CEA3C55DBF968D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="BC1FDF313F84CD7B469F30507A1270D5" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo
</emphasis>
: Piracicaba, dates between 10.ii.1965 and 2.xii.1965, blacklight, C.A. Triplehorn (68, USNM).
<emphasis id="C577FB1C3B5F0D15C27B4B48DC213E74" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">French Guiana</emphasis>
: Route de Petit Saut, Crique Maman
<normalizedToken id="2A8FDD1F571A621819B5AC5B14D66B47" originalValue="Lézard">Lezard</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8CD3AB43FF7918693297ACC665ACEC85" degrees="5.06701" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.06701">5.06701°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="01E3629D34FAFBE857B23EBB8EECAB16" degrees="52.99783" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-52.99783">52.99783°W</geoCoordinate>
, 39 m, 1.iii.2020, leg. Short &amp; Neff, margin of creek with detritus, FG20-0301-01A (1, SEMC); Same data but detrital pools in drying creakbed, FG20-0301-01B (1, SEMC); Carbet ONF Montagne de fer, Piste de montagne de fer (formerly road Degrad Florian), Crique Petit Laussat,
<geoCoordinate id="8A211E657FCF374231399FF944D28817" degrees="5.40697" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.40697">5.40697°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="AE0B858B7940A8BFB6476F4C06BEC5BB" degrees="53.55468" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-53.55468">53.55468°W</geoCoordinate>
, 10 m, leg. Short, detrital pools, FG20-0302-01C (3, SEMC); Piste de montagne de fer (formerly Degrad Florian road), tributary of Crique Florian,
<geoCoordinate id="1881FB4C8C52A381B99CBCA7BFF59959" degrees="5.29688" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.29688">5.29688°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="07BF5A5FAA89673FAFDB9B100CB8D2B9" degrees="53.52458" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-53.52458">53.52458°W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, small pools in stream channel with sand and detritus, FG20-0303-01A (3, SEMC); same data but leg. Short, margin of clearwater creek, FG20-0303-01B (2, SEMC); St. Laurent du Maroni, Sentier des Malgaches,
<geoCoordinate id="41A3CDB1786C0FD4E7F34590E4FC3725" degrees="5.48627" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.48627">5.48627°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="5246E8C39F67AA10146EC8674B1871B6" degrees="54.00238" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-54.00238">54.00238°W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, pond margins in secondary forest, FG20-0304-01A (1, SEMC); Piste de montagne de fer (formerly road Degrad Florian),
<geoCoordinate id="E55891E73E07A559619353E55BEE68AD" degrees="5.40697" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.40697">5.40697°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FBC48908E2A56C1319A8DAAA855E3DCE" degrees="53.55468" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-53.55468">53.55468°W</geoCoordinate>
, 10 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, forested detrital pools, FG20-0305-01A (7, SCC, SEMC); Carbet communal St-Elie, Route de Saint-Elie, tributary of Crique Toussaint,
<geoCoordinate id="988255BB17FD86E405BC6138B7053E01" degrees="5.29653" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.29653">5.29653°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="40B02FBC4E4F51374EC57102189C8AC9" degrees="53.05205" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-53.05205">53.05205°W</geoCoordinate>
, 42 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, margins of clearwater stream, FG20-0305-03B (2, SEMC); Paracou, Station de recherche CIRAD, Crique Verlot,
<geoCoordinate id="544B0513D6FAEFA99FF6757930785636" degrees="5.27966" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.27966">5.27966°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="D61B198EBBB5EB34B0A065BF6BFA2079" degrees="52.92846" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-52.92846">52.92846°W</geoCoordinate>
, 8 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, forested detrital pools, FG20-0306-01A (1, SEMC); Bagne des Annamites Park, Crique Anguille,
<geoCoordinate id="B2BEDB4B75D78E4828FF01F0AAF88437" degrees="4.83287" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.83287">4.83287°N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="F7D07072ED56E3290AC8173BC668C53B" degrees="52.5145" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.5145">52.5145°W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, small sandy stream with detritus, FG20-0307-01B (2, SEMC).
<emphasis id="27ADBC01C4B4CD9F10449AEC9A4B4DB5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guyana: Region 6</emphasis>
: Upper Berbice circa 1 km west of Basecamp 1,
<geoCoordinate id="B5AC3264B261FD3D6351B23909DB8336" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="09.143" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.1523833">4°09.143'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7741C30817C9092212B1E3333E8AA898" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="11.207" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-58.186783">58°11.207'W</geoCoordinate>
, 105 m, 22.iv.2014, leg, Short, Salisbury and La Cruz, margins of creek, GY14-0921-03H (1, SEMC).
<emphasis id="04AA2C0224F5BFD60D727141CF6DE25E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Region 8</emphasis>
: Konawaruk River, Basecamp 2 (NARIL camp), 14.ix.2014, leg. Salisbury &amp; La Cruz, small puddle along road, GY14-0914-03 (1, SEMC); Konawaruk River, Basecamp 2 (NARIL basecamp),
<geoCoordinate id="54E7A8E7AF9B79B8E036BC4B3607EBC2" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="07.539" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.12565">5°07.539'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A84D674BAE968A7CE9F67DB6B9D9FF10" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="06.732" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.1122">59°06.732'W</geoCoordinate>
, 80 m, 15.ix.2014, leg. Salisbury and La Cruz, unnamed clear water creek, slow flowing and shallow, GY14-0915-02 (1, SEMC).
<emphasis id="2160A75ECD42AB9B732C79D9176D0A41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Region 9</emphasis>
: along road to Parabara,
<geoCoordinate id="50D0D797E66F39D4BA7978806488DA82" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="09.557" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1592834">2°09.557'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DD217F5A01D033F4AC0C882FF16004" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="17.569" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.292816">59°17.569'W</geoCoordinate>
, 268 m, 1.xi.2013, leg. Short, Isaacs and Salisbury, forest pools near Mushai Wao, GY13-1101-02A, (2, SEMC); Parabara, trail to mines,
<geoCoordinate id="063A0FE3E9DA033493A24A9F73D9F993" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="05.095" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.0849166">2°05.095'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C049A8693ACFC60E30CF3011A71BB6C7" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="14.174" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.236233">59°14.174'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m, 2.xi.2013, leg. Short, Isaacs and Salisbury, detrital pools in forest, GY13-1102-01A, (1, SEMC); Parabara north side of river,
<geoCoordinate id="40A1DC1EC380E304A0CA24EB74EADD86" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="06.492" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1082">2°06.492'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="539FDFC2E0F78BB47BBD62D09F05D7D2" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="13.653" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.22755">59°13.653'W</geoCoordinate>
, 274 m, 3.xi.2013, detritus margins and leaf packs, GY13-1103-02A (1, SEMC); Karaawaimin Taawa, Basecamp and surroundings,
<geoCoordinate id="47B73A77EDC42860D4062E38B4D0E70D" degrees="2.42284" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.42284">2.42284N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2BB6E1FB9A50D0A272CA5852DEB20B1C" degrees="59.06157" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.06157">59.06157W</geoCoordinate>
, 11-13.iii.2022, leg. Short &amp; Edward, detrital pools near camp, GY22-0311-01A (1, SEMC); pooled up sandy creek GY22-0311-01D (2, SEMC); Karaawaimin Taawa, Trail from Camp 1 to Camp 2, 14.iii.2022, leg. Short &amp; Edward, palm swamp, GY22-0314-04A (4, SEMC); Karaawaimin Taawa, Camp 2 and surroundings, 15.iii.2022, leg. Short &amp; Edward, stream with palm detritus, rocks, and sand, GY22-0315-01A (1, SEMC); Karaawaimin Taawa, Camp 3 and surroundings, 16-18.iii.2022, leg. Short &amp; Edward, small pool in streambed, GY22-0316-01D (1, SEMC); same data but forest pools, GY22-0316-01C (3, SEMC); Karaawaimin Taawa, Camp 4 and surroundings, 18-21.iii.2022, leg. Short &amp; Edward, small stream, GY22-0318-01C (8, SEMC); same data but pools in creekbed, GY22-0318-01D (8, SEMC); same data but second small stream, GY22-0318-01E (18, CBDG, SEMC); Karaawaimin Taawa, Trail between Camps 3 and 4, 21.iii.2022, leg. Short &amp; Edward, small pool in forest, GY22-0321-01B (3, SEMC).
<emphasis id="80F6D94B6A4A2149FE6900BDF1C81B11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru: Cuzco</emphasis>
: Pilcopata, 600 m, 8-10.xii.1979 premonate moist forest, leg. J.B. Heppner (3, USNM); Pilcopata (ca. 3 km NE), on nearby mountain road, 30.v.2022, leg. Short et al., pools and roadside ditches, PE22-0530-01B (1, SEMC); same data but small stream and adjacent grassy pool, PE22-0530-01C (1, SEMC).
<emphasis id="B1303E321ACB8F892E3553AEFBD1DC17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madre de Dios</emphasis>
: same data as holotype (22, USNM, SEMC); Manu Pakitza, 12°7'S, 10°58'W, 250 m, 18.viii.1988, UV light, leg. O. Flight &amp; N. Adams (1, USNM); same locality but 14-23.ix.1988, malaise traps, &quot;trail 2, 1st stream&quot; (1, USNM); Amazonas Lodge, N Atalaya,
<geoCoordinate id="603D6ECCE3D060EB8E65D189F9549C8D" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="52.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-12.87">12°52.2'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C9B7AF92DAE38187C352355C2800C3CB" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="22.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.37666">71°22.6'W</geoCoordinate>
, 480 m, 10-13.xi.2007, leg. D. Brzoska, flight intercept trap, PER1B07 002 (2, SEMC); Villa Carmen Biological Station (ca. 2 km N of Pilcopata), South of Rio
<normalizedToken id="71ACE84F3128BE02F43E71DBA3A94775" originalValue="Piñipiñi">Pinipini</normalizedToken>
, 26.v.2022, leg. Short et al., small streams in bamboo thicket, PE22-0526-01A (1, SEMC); same data but large marshy pool along trail with abundant detritus, PE22-0526-01E (1, SEMC); Villa Carmen Biological Station (ca. 2 km N of Pilcopata), North of Rio
<normalizedToken id="489633652E79C2825AACBED0DA6464BE" originalValue="Piñipiñi">Pinipini</normalizedToken>
, 28.v.2022, leg. Short et al., small detrital pools, PE22-0526-02F (3, MHNSM, SEMC).
<emphasis id="5A496B3A9BCBA7783344CC1D2EBEC788" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suriname: Saramacca</emphasis>
: Coesewijne Savanna, 6.iii.2012, leg. Short, forested pool in muddy road, SR12-0306-03B (9, SEMC).
<emphasis id="CE1A6BD68C4F42672855DAFB6FBA0F6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sipaliwini</emphasis>
: Camp 1 on Kutari River,
<geoCoordinate id="AA8D020062E0FEFF734EF4F08A0CCA4A" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="10.521" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.17535">2°10.521'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="088E22ABEA6883D2BB76E510B28373A5" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="47.244" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.7874">56°47.244'W</geoCoordinate>
, 228 m, 20.viii.2010, leg. Short and Kadosoe, forest stream, CI-RAP Survey, forested swamp, SR10-0819-01A (7, SEMC); Iwaana Saamu, forest swamp, 26.viii.2010, leg. Short, SR10-0826-01A (1, SEMC); Camp 3, Werehpai,
<geoCoordinate id="3DA74312AB66ADEEA4B4AB60DA1E14E9" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="21.776" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.3629334">2°21.776'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="96F57E6FF2B42637EBBEB262A8D5E353" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="41.861" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.697685">56°41.861'W</geoCoordinate>
, 237 m, 3-7.ix.2010, leg. Short and Kadosoe, pooled up detrital creek, SR10-0903-01A (3, SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE452); same data except detrital forest pools, SR10-0903-02A (1,SEMC); same data except sandy forest creek, SR10-0904-01A (3, SEMC); Upper Palumeu, Camp 1,
<geoCoordinate id="E3E006FE77294C1628DC9D314B8E1AD6" degrees="2.47700" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.477">2.47700°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09E42D2A3738EE0BDB8DA38755ADE158" degrees="55.62941" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-55.62941">55.62941°W</geoCoordinate>
, 275 m. leg. A. Short, 10-16.iii.2012, Flight Intercept Trap, SR12-0310-TN1 (3 SEMC); Raleighfallen Nature Reserve, trail to Raleighfallen,
<geoCoordinate id="EAE142904F8A02516B9AE3165D82A9F2" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="42.480" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.708">04°42.480'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0CFC02D9603FD4F8264C9F5659F441B6" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="13.159" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.21932">56°13.159'W</geoCoordinate>
, 24 m, 27.vii.2012, SR12-0727-03A (1, SEMC); same data but leg. C. McIntosh, detrital pools near creek in forest, SR12-0727-03D (2, SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve Voltzberg trail,
<geoCoordinate id="7C859CBC61BFAB219BC09D4886E49DB5" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="40.910" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6818333">04°40.910'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5167ADC83D436D30858844D6FD18F84A" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.138" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.185635">56°11.138'W</geoCoordinate>
, 78 m, 30.vii.2012, SR12-0730-01A (1, SEMC); same data but detrital pools along stream, SR12-0730-01B (2, SEMC); Raleighfallen Nature Reserve, Fungu island,
<geoCoordinate id="1B0283B7188484298D29F5C139B7C9F6" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="43.459" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.7243166">04°43.459'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3691BE6A0736B883DE1D0A5A889FB03D" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="12.658" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.210968">56°12.658'W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 m, 1.viii.2012, SR12-0801-01D (2, SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, base of Voltzberg,
<geoCoordinate id="BD67FDD7C03D8B226C55566DA4216354" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="40.432" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6738667">4°40.432'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="49AC9F7C07BF335C3D848D15E3E971A1" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.079" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.18465">56°11.079'W</geoCoordinate>
, 86 m, 16.iii.2016, leg. Short et al., pooled up stream, SR16-0316-01B (2, SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, Lolopaise area,
<geoCoordinate id="496DAF33BA8C271ED097DC6904249644" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="42.48" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="4.708">4°42.48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F9111768CA6DD49FF4283A39E5232636" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="13.15908" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.21932">56°13.15908'W</geoCoordinate>
, 24 m, intermittent stream pools, 19.iii.2016, leg. Toussaint et al., SR16-0319-02C (1, SEMC); Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, Coppename River, Voltzberg trail, 17.iii.2016, leg. A. Short, detrital pools in stream bed, SR16-0319-01A (10, NZCS, SEMC); Kabalebo Nature Resort, Moi Moi Creek, leg. Short, detrital pool, SR19-0310-01G (3, SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE1802); same data except leg. Short and class, SR19-0310-01M (2, SEMC).
<emphasis id="DD9ACA0E50528C48B41893C9A8DBD493" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suriname</emphasis>
: Krakka-Phedra Road, 25.x.1962, leg. B. Malkin (12, USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D02CEDC3E1629BB4420DD09D4C48A97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0ADF9594D1DB2FE3AE7764B983FBF1AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FB50F7CF3F998888FC4CDBEA6BC56A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The distinctive rows of serial punctures on the lateral and posterior regions of the elytra serve to separate this species from all other
<taxonomicName id="E8BCC34177B2A2ED7860E7D10530CFB9" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E73EBC7BCFC8836F3C173E70E88C6FB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except a few others in the
<taxonomicName id="BA7150155B3D299C1BA58F3CC9D8536D" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="A88C12A44820A18BBE8FDEEF667AC751" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. This species is the most commonly encountered and widespread of the six known species in the group, occurring from the eastern Guiana Shield (Guyana, Suriname), west to the foothills of the Peruvian Andes, and south
<normalizedToken id="56714E9CA3B7F1D7BE94B4995C5FC5D0" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil. It is also one of the largest species in the group. The lack of lateral denticles on the dorsal plate of the median lobe separates this from other
<taxonomicName id="E2B2DB7FEB78F0FB5BCC1543A8F74E60" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="5DF76CC33023C397FF116845AC81BD48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group taxa except for
<taxonomicName id="1C82C7A4324C1636DB35D058442941EA" lsidName="N. pertusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pertusus">
<emphasis id="CE2C4FF845BE82FE766B0D61F34BF941" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pertusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (see diagnosis of that species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADC18DA3713D9642BEF4596F4DDC0FE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="987E7DC82443F9D368E5AE3AF6046F93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA878301C91E06D50F6B739B9CE43457" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="27CF7E1C19AE7104862E556C2E7E498C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Size and form</emphasis>
: Body length 5.2-8.8 mm.
<emphasis id="CE87AD304CEB7634D2B0311457CB9A1B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</emphasis>
: Dorsal surface of head dark brown, sometimes with gradually paler clypeus and labrum; pronotum and elytra dark brown, with broad pale margins.
<emphasis id="219F24382DAF057690E0C4A6A47FB27E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
: Maxillary palps as long as to slightly longer than width of head, uniformly orange in color (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2B5FD3EC8577A719BACB2561F24EAE34" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="83A31A4AAE3D3902004A25396E6F1049" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
: Ground punctation on pronotum and elytra relatively dense and shallowly impressed. Elytra with defined rows of serial punctures, except on central elytral disc. Prosternum flat to medially weakly and broadly convex. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite transverse, blunt, and low.
<emphasis id="CD64232087158EB377FA22B3FB3E2EBF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1A836191E9D50B71D054B43DFA6B5ED9" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus species group A-D N. dentatus E, F N. spangleri G, H N. geminus I N. triangularis J, K N. pertusus L-Q N. punctatostriatus A-C Venezuela D Ecuador L-N Suriname O Peru P, Q Brazil. A, E, G, I, J, L, O, P dorsal view H, M, Q ventral view C, F, N oblique view K lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15L-Q</figureCitation>
) lateral projection on apical region of outer margin of each paramere pointed and strongly protruded; at closest point, dorsal inner margins of parameres separated by distance slightly narrower than greatest width of a paramere; lateral margins of dorsal plate of median lobe smooth, lacking denticles; arms of dorsal plate of median lobe slightly converging at apex; each arm with outer and inner margins straight at base, curved at apex (outer margin concave, inner margin convex); apical region of arm broader than base of arm, apex broadly rounded and oblique, with inner margin extending beyond outer margin; notch between arms very narrow, much narrower than base of an arm, narrowing even more towards apex; ventral plate of median lobe moderately sclerotized, at widest point seemingly wider than dorsal plate of median lobe, with apex broadly to narrowly rounded, reaching to slightly surpassing base of fork of dorsal plate; basal piece 0.35
<normalizedToken id="15EDC87AD2DF979141282DF1006F4680" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of a paramere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3C6900A631A29EC5930C19006FCCDD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F067D621377434AE3037CC8C4B09D747" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC41077F496D0BD8F86F1F10C3381764" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5C33A7CE760D2BC433C65342977B1890" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puctatostriatus</emphasis>
(L.) in reference to the distinct rows of elytral serial punctures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8B6F8658D45DFE9197B66716FFF6039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B3AD31CF2069C2C42A66860597E2AB61" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A41508B9C3F231AA9D63DD3BF37A4DDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil (
<normalizedToken id="CA1F6CAAE3F7CD060BCEB22EBE56EDEB" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, Amazonas,
<normalizedToken id="FF536022E3948B1346914631A94E6893" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="9E3B8FE5DCD045C6B4BF380A622DC0F5" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8B683E141CED959E0B4D0E9BFF334577" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Novochares punctatostriatus species group A N. punctatostriatus (red), N. pertusus (yellow) B N. dentatus (red), N. triangularis (yellow), N. spangleri (blue), N. geminus (green)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881183" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9C8628BF5BBA4917758B056E34CB8A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="DF54258EA11008B2EDA81708280B4632" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A43808C25642DA4777BF687BD1AC27D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is most commonly found in the detrital margins of densely forested lowland streams. Some collections have also been made in forested detrital pools, especially those that are riparian in origin. It has also been collected at lights and in malaise traps.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F56B6DD603A93C01A4BB967E964B66E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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This relatively distinct and widespread taxon is very likely a complex of very closely related species. The pairwise genetic divergence in COI is nearly 9% among the ten individuals we sequenced from Peru to Suriname and French Guiana. This is the largest observed intraspecific divergence among any
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<emphasis id="D7CFD1FBB3AA514612D0F95677F914DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
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examined here, though not unprecedented in
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: both
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<emphasis id="9AB35DC4AC3075746A36AF87A8A858FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares maculicollis</emphasis>
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Mulsant, 1844 and
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<emphasis id="9F0F545797D364D6B701865E054E5106" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. normatus</emphasis>
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(LeConte, 1861) showed intraspecific variation of greater than 9% (
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Short and
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2018
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) but these too also likely represent species complexes. We examined the aedeagus from a variety of populations, and indeed there are subtle variations. The apex of the ventral plate of the median lobe varies in length and shape. The width of the notch between the arms of the dorsal plate of the median lobe can be very narrow and be essentially not visible to be as broad as 1/4 the width of an arm at base. However, we were not able to correlate this variation with any structure in the molecular tree. We have taken a conservative approach, and favor treating all these populations as one widespread, somewhat variable species.
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Frequent.
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<paragraph pageNumber="763">T. testa umbilicata conico-rotundata laevi, denticulo umbilicali.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true">Bonan. recr.</emphasis>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="37C03CDEFFFCFFAFFD968D2AFC66FEBB" box="[526,897,331,360]" collectingDate="2020-03-15" collectingDateMax="2021-03-27" collectingDateMin="2010-12" collectorName="M. Delaloye &amp; M. Arregui &amp; H. Braun" country="Argentina" elevation="100" location="Laguna Los Patos" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="MLP-OR-3220" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" typeStatus="paratype">
•
<specimenCount id="91AEFD0AFFFCFFAFFD858D2BFDD5FEB6" box="[541,562,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">♁</specimenCount>
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFDA08D2DFD51FEB8" box="[568,694,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2020-03-15">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFDA08D2DFD51FEB8" box="[568,694,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2020-03-15">15.III.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="91AEFD0AFFFCFFAFFD5B8D2DFC92FEBB" box="[707,885,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">MLP-OR-3220</specimenCount>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37C03CDEFFFCFFAFFC1F8D2AFC5EFE57" collectingDate="2020-03-26" collectingDateMax="2021-03-27" collectingDateMin="2010-12" collectorName="M. Delaloye &amp; M. Arregui &amp; H. Braun" country="Argentina" elevation="100" location="Parque Pereyra" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="MLP-OR-3219" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" typeStatus="paratype">
•
<specimenCount id="91AEFD0AFFFCFFAFFC0F8D2AFC4BFEB8" box="[919,940,332,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFC298D2DFBD5FEBB" box="[945,1074,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2020-03-26">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFC298D2DFBD5FEBB" box="[945,1074,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2020-03-26">26.III.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, nymph raised to adult, probably hatched from egg deposited in cage the year before (
<specimenCode id="D70E9EF8FFFCFFAFFD638D09FC4AFE57" box="[763,941,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">MLP-OR-3219</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37C03CDEFFFCFFAFFC5B8D16FC86FE73" collectingDate="2020-03-26" collectingDateMax="2021-03-27" collectingDateMin="2010-12" collectorName="H. Braun" country="Argentina" elevation="100" location="Parque Pereyra" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="MLP-OR-3188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFC5B8D16FB94FE54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFC5B8D16FB94FE54" box="[963,1139,368,394]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="Parque Pereyra" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Parque Pereyra</location>
,
<quantity id="40509B66FFFCFFAFFB198D09FB2CFE54" box="[1153,1227,367,394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="0C85D1B0FFFCFFAFFB198D09FB2CFE54" box="[1153,1227,367,394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
south of highway crossing over
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFEAD8DF5FE0FFE70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFEAD8DF5FE0FFE70" box="[309,488,403,430]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="Arroyo Pereyra" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Arroyo Pereyra</location>
: •
<specimenCount id="91AEFD0AFFFCFFAFFD9D8DF3FDFDFE6E" box="[517,538,405,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">♁</specimenCount>
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFDBA8DF5FD73FE73" box="[546,660,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2019-05-19">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFDBA8DF5FD73FE73" box="[546,660,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2019-05-19">19.V.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode id="D70E9EF8FFFCFFAFFD3C8DF5FCB1FE73" box="[676,854,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">MLP-OR-3188</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37C03CDEFFFCFFAFFCF28DF5FEBAFE0F" collectingDate="2020-03-26" collectingDateMax="2021-03-27" collectingDateMin="2010-12" collectorName="H. Braun" country="Argentina" elevation="100" location="Parque Pereyra" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="MLP-OR-3081" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="456CF861FFFCFFAFFCF28DF5FBFDFE73" box="[874,1050,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Ptdo. Ensenada</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFBBE8DF2FB12FE70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFBBE8DF2FB12FE70" box="[1062,1269,404,430]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="Laguna Los Patos" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ptdo. Ensenada">Laguna Los Patos</location>
: •
<specimenCount id="91AEFD0AFFFCFFAFFA8A8DF3FAC0FE6E" box="[1298,1319,405,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">♁</specimenCount>
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFAB78DF5FA7FFE73" box="[1327,1432,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2010-12">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFAB78DF5FA7FFE73" box="[1327,1432,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2010-12">XII.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
. (
<specimenCode id="D70E9EF8FFFCFFAFFF078DD1FEB6FE0F" box="[159,337,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">MLP-OR-3081</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFEFB8DD1FE60FE0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFEFB8DD1FE60FE0F" box="[355,391,439,465]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="All" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">All</location>
deposited in the
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFDD58DDEFCC3FE0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFDD58DDEFCC3FE0F" box="[589,804,439,466]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Museo de La Plata</location>
except male MLP-OR-3198 (collection of
<collectorName id="2A5D5355FFFCFFAFFA8A8DD1FEE8FE2B" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">O.J. Cadena Castañeda</collectorName>
), where not indicated otherwise collected by
<collectorName id="2A5D5355FFFCFFAFFC978DBAFC21FE2B" box="[783,966,475,502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">H. Braun. Three</collectorName>
of these males with recordings of calling song (MLP-OR-3188, -3195, -3198) and response recorded of one of the
<specimenCount id="91AEFD0AFFFCFFAFFC4B8E66FBBBFDC7" box="[979,1116,511,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
from
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFB398D99FABFFDC7" box="[1185,1368,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2019-12">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFB398D99FABFFDC7" box="[1185,1368,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2019-12">December 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFAFB8E66FA7AFDC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFAFB8E66FA7AFDC4" box="[1379,1437,512,538]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="Most" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Most</location>
duet recordings were made with a pair captured at the first
<location id="82776058FFFCFFAFFCBE8E42FC9BFDE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F018795FFFCFFABFF0F8CF1FC86F923:82776058FFFCFFAFFCBE8E42FC9BFDE0" box="[806,892,548,574]" country="Argentina" county="April" municipality="April" name="Pereyra" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Pereyra</location>
site, a female as subadult
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFB078E45FAFAFDE3" box="[1183,1309,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2021-03-21">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFB078E45FAFAFDE3" box="[1183,1309,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2021-03-21">21.III.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
and a male
<date id="F3161043FFFCFFAFFF0F8E21FEFFFDBF" box="[151,280,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2021-03-27">
<collectingDate id="E352E9ABFFFCFFAFFF0F8E21FEFFFDBF" box="[151,280,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="2021-03-27">27.III.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, recorded between
<collectingMunicipality id="6773ACF9FFFCFFAFFE778E21FDCDFDBF" box="[495,554,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">April</collectingMunicipality>
3 and 7 (both thereafter released at the same site on
<collectingCounty id="6E764E0FFFFCFFAFFBEE8E21FB56FDBF" box="[1142,1201,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">April</collectingCounty>
17).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D3D7660BFFFCFFAFFF0F8BE3FD4DF81F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8272582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272582/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" startId="2.[151,250,1925,1949]" targetBox="[151,1436,633,1901]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFCFFAFFF0F8BE3FD4DF81F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1925,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFCFFAFFF0F8BE3FEF2F843" bold="true" box="[151,277,1925,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Live individuals of
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFCFFAFFE748BE3FD56F842" authorityName="Delaloye &amp; Braun" authorityYear="2023" box="[492,689,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arreguii">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFCFFAFFE748BE3FD56F842" box="[492,689,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Anisophya arreguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in situ (Parque Pereyra):
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFCFFAFFC588BE3FC3EF843" bold="true" box="[960,985,1925,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A.</emphasis>
female (September 2018),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFCFFAFFB6F8BE3FAE9F843" bold="true" box="[1271,1294,1925,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">B.</emphasis>
typical green male,
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFCFFAFFF4D8BCFFF09F81F" bold="true" box="[213,238,1961,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">C.</emphasis>
grayish-green male (both December 2019).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3D7660BFFFDFFAEFF0F8B7BFB3BF887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272586" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8272586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272586/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" startId="3.[151,250,1821,1845]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1797]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFDFFAEFF0F8B7BFB3BF887" blockId="3.[151,1437,1821,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFF0F8B7BFEF4F8EB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1821,1845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFDFFAEFE818B7BFE3AF8EB" authorityName="Delaloye &amp; Braun" authorityYear="2023" box="[281,477,1821,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arreguii">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFE818B7BFE3AF8EB" box="[281,477,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Anisophya arreguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male:
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFDB08B7BFDBFF8EB" bold="true" box="[552,600,1821,1845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">A,B.</emphasis>
holotype in lateral and dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFC518B7BFC06F8EB" bold="true" box="[969,993,1821,1845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
stridulatory area of holotype,
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFA8C8B7BFACAF8EB" bold="true" box="[1300,1325,1821,1845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">D.</emphasis>
left cercus in dorsal view (specimen MLP-OR-3188),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFDD38B27FD84F887" bold="true" box="[587,611,1857,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">E.</emphasis>
stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen (MLP-OR-3081).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CFB26508FFFDFFAEFF5F8BCAFB15F837" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFDFFAEFF5F8BCAFB15F837" blockId="3.[151,1437,1963,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFDFFAEFF5F8BCAFEA9F818" bold="true" box="[199,334,1964,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Etymology.</emphasis>
Dedicated to Martin Arregui, merchant and extraordinarily knowledgeable naturalist based in La Plata, with interest and expertise in all
<typeStatus id="58138821FFFDFFAEFDD38BB6FD61F834" box="[587,646,2000,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">types</typeStatus>
of organisms. He was present at all conjoint field trips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D3D7660BFFFAFFA9FF0F8920FD27FA78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8272588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" startId="4.[151,250,1350,1374]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1326]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFAFFA9FF0F8920FD27FA78" blockId="4.[151,1436,1350,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FF0F8920FEF4FA80" bold="true" box="[151,275,1350,1374]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFAFFA9FE828920FE3AFA80" authorityName="Delaloye &amp; Braun" authorityYear="2023" box="[282,477,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arreguii">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FE828920FE3AFA80" box="[282,477,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Anisophya arreguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female:
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FDA48920FD8BFA80" bold="true" box="[572,620,1350,1374]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">A,B.</emphasis>
brown morph in dorsal and lateral view (MLP-OR-3196),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FB5A8920FB3CFA80" bold="true" box="[1218,1243,1350,1374]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">C.</emphasis>
dorsal area at base of right tegmen with stridulatory pegs on the veins near the anal margin (same orientation as A but different specimen with extended left tegmen),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FE1989E8FE7EFA78" bold="true" box="[385,409,1422,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">D.</emphasis>
frons (both MLP-OR-3219).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CFB26508FFFAFFA8FF5F899EFC0FFEBB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFAFFA9FF5F899EFC5AF8ED" blockId="4.[151,1437,1528,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FF5F899EFEA5F9CC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1528,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Fastigium of vertex broad, in frontal view wider than scapus and about twice as wide as pedicellus (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFAFFA9FF078A7AFF1DF9E9" box="[159,250,1564,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1326]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1436,181,1326]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anisophya arreguii, female: A,B. brown morph in dorsal and lateral view (MLP-OR-3196), C. dorsal area at base of right tegmen with stridulatory pegs on the veins near the anal margin (same orientation as A but different specimen with extended left tegmen), D. frons (both MLP-OR-3219)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Ventral margin of lateral lobe of pronotum uniformly rounded. Tegmina in females as long as pronotum, in males distinctly longer than pronotum, in females dorsally with densely reticulate venation (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFAFFA9FB278A26FAA2F985" box="[1215,1349,1600,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anisophya arreguii, male: A,B. holotype in lateral and dorsal view, C. stridulatory area of holotype, D. left cercus in dorsal view (specimen MLP-OR-3188), E. stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen (MLP-OR-3081)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272586/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFAFFA9FAC88A27FA68F985" box="[1360,1423,1601,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1326]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1436,181,1326]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anisophya arreguii, female: A,B. brown morph in dorsal and lateral view (MLP-OR-3196), C. dorsal area at base of right tegmen with stridulatory pegs on the veins near the anal margin (same orientation as A but different specimen with extended left tegmen), D. frons (both MLP-OR-3219)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">3A,B</figureCitation>
). Male cerci straight, approximately cylindrical though slightly tapering in lateral view, the tip dorso-ventrally flattened and roundely triangular, with the triangle’s internal angle developed as an acute spinule which is separated by a small rounded gap from the internal end of the cylindrical part right before the flattening (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFAFFA9FB2F8ACAFAF6F919" box="[1207,1297,1708,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anisophya arreguii, male: A,B. holotype in lateral and dorsal view, C. stridulatory area of holotype, D. left cercus in dorsal view (specimen MLP-OR-3188), E. stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen (MLP-OR-3081)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272586/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor of female short and strongly upcurved. Coloration uniform, but variable, mostly green, sometimes greyish green or reddish (without any whitish stripes); male stridulatory area mostly brown; in males often fore and middle femora as well as hind femora distally of the enlarged base dark brown (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFAFFA9FCF28B7EFC4BF8ED" box="[874,940,1816,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-207@2.[151,1436,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live individuals of Anisophya arreguii in situ (Parque Pereyra): A. female (September 2018), B. typical green male, C. grayish-green male (both December 2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87173683FFFAFFA8FF5F8B5AFC0FFEBB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1528,2023]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FF5F8B5AFE85F888" bold="true" box="[199,354,1852,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Comparison.</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFAFFA9FE1C8B5BFDCCF888" box="[388,555,1853,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctinervis">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFAFFA9FE1C8B5BFDCCF888" box="[388,555,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">A. punctinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the fastigium of the vertex is clearly narrower than in the new species, distinctly narrower than the scapus. In that species the ventral margin of the lateral lobe of the pronotum is more angular compared to the new species, almost straight to the anterior margin of the auditory spiracle, and then more steeply rising to the rear margin. In females the tegmina are shorter than the pronotum (in males as long as or slightly longer than the pronotum) and the venation is rather coarse. Besides, males of the latter species have a green stridulatory area and sport whitish lateral stripes, one running from behind the eye, across the lateral lobe of the pronotum, the costal margin of the tegmen, and along the abdomen up to its end, and another one near the ventral margins of the abdominal tergites, whereas in the uniformly colored females only the costal margin of the tegmina is sometimes whitish.
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFBFFA8FF6F8D65FE70FEC3" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" box="[247,407,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FF6F8D65FE70FEC3" box="[247,407,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the new species by white lateral stripes on the pronotum in males and a much longer and only little curved ovipositor in females. Males of both
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFBFFA8FB8E8D41FB26FE9E" box="[1046,1217,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctinervis">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FB8E8D41FB26FE9E" box="[1046,1217,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">A. punctinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFBFFA8FB628D41FA7BFE9F" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" box="[1274,1436,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FB628D41FA7BFE9F" box="[1274,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have simple cerci, without any gap between terminal spinule and basal part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D3D7660BFFFBFFA8FF0F8981FD9EF951" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8272590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272590/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" startId="5.[151,250,1511,1535]" targetBox="[157,1431,384,1484]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFBFFA8FF0F8981FD9EF951" blockId="5.[151,1437,1511,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FF0F8981FEF5FA21" bold="true" box="[151,274,1511,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Comparison of male calling songs of
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFBFFA8FD138981FC9FFA21" box="[651,888,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctinervis">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FD138981FC9FFA21" box="[651,888,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Anisophya punctinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A–D, March 2019) and
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFBFFA8FBEB8981FB38FA21" authorityName="Delaloye &amp; Braun" authorityYear="2023" box="[1139,1247,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arreguii">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FBEB8981FB38FA21" box="[1139,1247,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">A. arreguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E–G, May 2019):
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FF0F8A6DFF57F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,176,1547,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">A.</emphasis>
part of slightly longer sequence (25.5°C),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FDC78A6DFD90F9FD" bold="true" box="[607,631,1547,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">B.</emphasis>
one call comprising 10 syllables in higher resolution,
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FB038A6DFB53F9FD" bold="true" box="[1179,1204,1547,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">C.</emphasis>
linear spectrogram,
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FA1C8A6DFA7BF9FD" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1547,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">D.</emphasis>
male in situ prior to catch (specimen MLP-OR-3185),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FD508A49FD38F999" bold="true" box="[712,735,1583,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">E.</emphasis>
fragment of continuous calling of the new species (only 17.8°C),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FA118A49FA7BF999" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1583,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">F.</emphasis>
one syllable,
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FE868A35FEDFF9B5" bold="true" box="[286,312,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">G.</emphasis>
spectrogram (the peak between 50 and 60 kHz might be due to wear of the stridulatory apparatus at the end of the season, compare Fig. 5D) (MLP-OR-3188).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CFB26508FFFBFFA8FF5F8A87FCCBF8FE" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFBFFA8FF5F8A87FCCBF8FE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1761,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FF5F8A87FE99F925" bold="true" box="[199,382,1761,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length males/females 12/
<quantity id="40509B66FFFBFFA8FD728A87FC81F922" box="[746,870,1761,1788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
, pronotum less than 2.5 to 3/
<quantity id="40509B66FFFBFFA8FB228A87FB19F922" box="[1210,1278,1761,1788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, tegmina 3 to almost 3.5/
<quantity id="40509B66FFFBFFA8FE8E8B63FEB0F8FE" box="[278,343,1797,1824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, hind femur
<quantity id="40509B66FFFBFFA8FE7D8B63FD87F8FE" box="[485,608,1797,1824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
, ovipositor
<quantity id="40509B66FFFBFFA8FD7C8B63FCCFF8FE" box="[740,808,1797,1824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB26508FFFBFFA8FF5F8B4FFB60F80D" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="87173683FFFBFFA8FF5F8B4FFB60F80D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1761,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FF5F8B4FFE03F89D" bold="true" box="[199,484,1833,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Life history and habitat.</emphasis>
The species occurs in two generations, the first in spring, and after a gap in midsummer a second one in fall (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFBFFA8FEE48B2BFE32F8B9" box="[380,469,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,1173,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-527@8.[151,1436,1173,1779]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. A. Monthly occurrence of Anisophya arreguii from spring to fall, showing two distinct generations (months ordered from July to June corresponding to the southern hemisphere, number of photographically documented individuals accumulated from September 2018 to January 2023, nymphs and adults), B. habitat at type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272596/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). A few indivuals were already observed very early in spring (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFFBFFA8FB1A8B2BFB3DF8B9" box="[1154,1242,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-207@2.[151,1436,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live individuals of Anisophya arreguii in situ (Parque Pereyra): A. female (September 2018), B. typical green male, C. grayish-green male (both December 2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272582/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), and the greatest number in November and December, whereas none were found in February, yet from March to May they appear again. The katydids live in humid meadows with low herbaceous vegetation, apparently in particular near bodies of water. At the
<typeStatus id="58138821FFFBFFA8FEB48BDCFEBBF80A" box="[300,348,1978,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
locality they showed a preference for patches of woodruff (
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFFBFFA8FC648BDFFB9EF80D" box="[1020,1145,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Galium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFFBFFA8FC648BDFFBB7F80D" box="[1020,1104,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Galium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D3D7660BFFF8FFABFF0F8FADFC77FB8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8272592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272592/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" startId="6.[151,250,971,995]" targetBox="[155,1430,184,945]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="87173683FFF8FFABFF0F8FADFC77FB8E" blockId="6.[151,1437,971,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFF0F8FADFEF6FC3A" bold="true" box="[151,273,971,996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Male calling song and female response of
<taxonomicName id="40A84D00FFF8FFABFD2D8FAAFC91FC3D" authorityName="Delaloye &amp; Braun" authorityYear="2023" box="[693,886,972,996]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anisophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arreguii">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFD2D8FAAFC91FC3D" box="[693,886,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Anisophya arreguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFC1A8FADFC7DFC3D" bold="true" box="[898,922,971,995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">A.</emphasis>
1-minute fragment of continuous calling (holotype, 23.1°C),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFF6D8F96FEEBFBD6" bold="true" box="[245,268,1008,1032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">B.</emphasis>
male-female duet, complete rapid sequence with 7 responses (violet letters, female closer to detector, 25.8°C),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFA1C8F89FA7BFBD9" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1007,1031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">C.</emphasis>
one male syllable and female response (male and female about same distance from detector, both recordings with released pair, 26.2°C),
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFF6C885EFEC3FB8E" bold="true" box="[244,292,1080,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">D,E.</emphasis>
linear spectrograms of male and female signal taken from C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CFB26508FFF8FFABFF5F88C4FC86F923" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="87173683FFF8FFABFF5F88C4FC86F923" blockId="6.[151,1437,1186,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B5DCEA91FFF8FFABFF5F88C4FE43FB62" bold="true" box="[199,420,1186,1212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Acoustic behavior.</emphasis>
Even though the katydids were observed moving through the vegetation during the day in their natural habitat, among the captured individuals acoustic activity was only detected at night (the recordings were made from around 21:30 h to shortly after midnight). The males called very continuously, often up to 2–4 minutes, sometimes longer, with short pauses in between. The song consists of syllables which are repeated either more slowly and sometimes irregularly with intervals of 1–3 seconds, or grouped in rapid sequences of different lengths where the syllables directly follow one another (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFC9A8930FCB0FAAE" box="[770,855,1366,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,384,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[157,1431,381,1488]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of male calling songs of Anisophya punctinervis (A–D, March 2019) and A. arreguii (E–G, May 2019): A. part of slightly longer sequence (25.5°C), B. one call comprising 10 syllables in higher resolution, C. linear spectrogram, D. male in situ prior to catch (specimen MLP-OR-3185), E. fragment of continuous calling of the new species (only 17.8°C), F. one syllable, G. spectrogram (the peak between 50 and 60 kHz might be due to wear of the stridulatory apparatus at the end of the season, compare Fig. 5D) (MLP-OR-3188)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFCF98930FC5EFAAF" box="[865,953,1366,1393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,184,945]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1435,181,948]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male calling song and female response of Anisophya arreguii: A. 1-minute fragment of continuous calling (holotype, 23.1°C), B. male-female duet, complete rapid sequence with 7 responses (violet letters, female closer to detector, 25.8°C), C. one male syllable and female response (male and female about same distance from detector, both recordings with released pair, 26.2°C), D,E. linear spectrograms of male and female signal taken from C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272592/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). A syllable is made up of a series of rapidly decaying impulses, of which the last ones are considerably louder than the rest (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFBB7891CFB60FA4A" box="[1071,1159,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,384,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[157,1431,381,1488]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of male calling songs of Anisophya punctinervis (A–D, March 2019) and A. arreguii (E–G, May 2019): A. part of slightly longer sequence (25.5°C), B. one call comprising 10 syllables in higher resolution, C. linear spectrogram, D. male in situ prior to catch (specimen MLP-OR-3185), E. fragment of continuous calling of the new species (only 17.8°C), F. one syllable, G. spectrogram (the peak between 50 and 60 kHz might be due to wear of the stridulatory apparatus at the end of the season, compare Fig. 5D) (MLP-OR-3188)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). In the rapid sequences the syllables are somewhat shorter compared to the slower parts of the song, but comprise the same number of impulses, which probably correspond to individual tooth-scraper impacts. Looking at the stridulatory file (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFAA189A4FA68FA02" box="[1337,1423,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anisophya arreguii, male: A,B. holotype in lateral and dorsal view, C. stridulatory area of holotype, D. left cercus in dorsal view (specimen MLP-OR-3188), E. stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen (MLP-OR-3081)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272586/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
), the loud impulses at the syllable end could correspond to the few large teeth between the almost straight distal part and the proximal curvature. The transient impulses produce a broad carrier frequency spectrum, located entirely in the ultrasound with most energy between 30 and 45 kHz (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFCCE8A48FC55F996" box="[854,946,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,384,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[157,1431,381,1488]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of male calling songs of Anisophya punctinervis (A–D, March 2019) and A. arreguii (E–G, May 2019): A. part of slightly longer sequence (25.5°C), B. one call comprising 10 syllables in higher resolution, C. linear spectrogram, D. male in situ prior to catch (specimen MLP-OR-3185), E. fragment of continuous calling of the new species (only 17.8°C), F. one syllable, G. spectrogram (the peak between 50 and 60 kHz might be due to wear of the stridulatory apparatus at the end of the season, compare Fig. 5D) (MLP-OR-3188)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFC588A48FBFCF997" box="[960,1051,1582,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,184,945]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1435,181,948]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male calling song and female response of Anisophya arreguii: A. 1-minute fragment of continuous calling (holotype, 23.1°C), B. male-female duet, complete rapid sequence with 7 responses (violet letters, female closer to detector, 25.8°C), C. one male syllable and female response (male and female about same distance from detector, both recordings with released pair, 26.2°C), D,E. linear spectrograms of male and female signal taken from C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272592/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). The female responds with short signals right after some of the male syllables, sometimes to several in a row (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFB858A34FB90F9B3" box="[1053,1143,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,184,945]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1435,181,948]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male calling song and female response of Anisophya arreguii: A. 1-minute fragment of continuous calling (holotype, 23.1°C), B. male-female duet, complete rapid sequence with 7 responses (violet letters, female closer to detector, 25.8°C), C. one male syllable and female response (male and female about same distance from detector, both recordings with released pair, 26.2°C), D,E. linear spectrograms of male and female signal taken from C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272592/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). The impulse number of these reponses is 2–4, and they were produced with fairly regular intervals after the first loud impulse at the end of the male syllables, in one recorded pair after 80 to 90 ms (
<date id="F3161043FFF8FFABFCAC8AFCFC0BF96A" box="[820,1004,1690,1716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" value="2019-12">December 2019</date>
, at 23°C), in another after 80–120 ms (mostly 90–100 ms) (
<date id="F3161043FFF8FFABFE108AD8FDE0F906" box="[392,519,1726,1752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" value="2021-04">April 2021</date>
, 26°C). The female’s frequency spectrum is also broad, comprising sligthly lower frequencies compared to the male, from 20 to 40 kHz (
<figureCitation id="1F932A06FFF8FFABFD658A84FCB3F923" box="[765,852,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,184,945]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1435,181,948]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male calling song and female response of Anisophya arreguii: A. 1-minute fragment of continuous calling (holotype, 23.1°C), B. male-female duet, complete rapid sequence with 7 responses (violet letters, female closer to detector, 25.8°C), C. one male syllable and female response (male and female about same distance from detector, both recordings with released pair, 26.2°C), D,E. linear spectrograms of male and female signal taken from C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8272592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8272592/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="8833001EC3632E7A0E0518D5FF3A7E21">An annotated type catalogue of seven genera of operculate land snails (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London</mods:title>
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16.
<taxonomicName id="5DDD7FC3B68D9F1E826A83E29204AC6A" ID-CoL="7QX8K" authority="Theobald, 1876" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1876" family="Cyclophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bitubifera" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bitubifera">bitubifera (Theobald, 1876)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 2L
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<taxonomicName id="EA482AD988743611F776E464D0118E16" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Spiraculum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiraculum bitubiferum" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bitubiferum">Spiraculum bitubiferum</taxonomicName>
Theobald, 1876: 187.
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<taxonomicName id="ADA3DF13560FE46B52DD6781E5649C1B" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pearsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pearsonia bitubifera" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bitubifera">Pearsonia bitubifera</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="BE1AA62B4553103C8873C532BC3EF7B0" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 663" title="Cyclophoridae." volume="16" year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 173.
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<paragraph id="A3E29D3EBD95DADEB79E45BE76960DD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Current generic position.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B21DAE57684374BD97C7C693BB3EDFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A6C71DC8A04E0CE4749FBD870544EDD4" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pearsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pearsonia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pearsonia</taxonomicName>
Kobelt, 1902
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<paragraph id="615B5DBD262B18DDAFDB33A4A10A4382" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D893930E6C989461A9EE1BB898A6AC24" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bhamo [Bhamo District, Kachin State, Myanmar].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F502F93BA8C67CED7BA64E2D6F1B63E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E57C13F47F69590DFB165432C6AE54C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1961 (1 shell; Fig. 2L).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="68B6E41CB7ACEA70C6AEA791BC634062" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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The original description did not include an illustration, and only one set of measurements was given.
<bibRefCitation id="304D21F992EF5E91E8B01EE1F438307F" author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" title="Mollusca III, land operculates (Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicinidae). In: Shipley AS, Marshall GAK (Eds) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma." year="1921">Gude (1921</bibRefCitation>
: 117, 118, fig. 21) re-published the description and figured a shell from
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collection. There is one shell in the NHM collection purchased from W Theobald, with an original label stating
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and the collection locality
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. This specimen closely matches the measurements given in the original description and is figured herein.
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Figure 2. A, B Syntype of
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C syntype of
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D syntype of
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E holotype of
<taxonomicName id="BA35087FDCA2661951156298F494698F" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Crossopoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crossopoma bathyrhaphe" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bathyrhaphe">Crossopoma bathyrhaphe</taxonomicName>
F syntype of
<taxonomicName id="83D6C27C6B71AFA3C2016D8883B4CF20" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pearsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pearsonia beddomei" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beddomei">Pearsonia beddomei</taxonomicName>
G syntype of
<taxonomicName id="D17E764A8DB839E47EF46C269A7D77FF" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pearsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pearsonia bhamoensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bhamoensis">Pearsonia bhamoensis</taxonomicName>
H, I syntype of
<taxonomicName id="7E766F5029752FAC1A6D740FCE10ADCA" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterocyclos bifrons" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bifrons">Pterocyclos bifrons</taxonomicName>
J, K syntype of
<taxonomicName id="55FEE39E82DCF452CCF1E0BB7E880C70" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cyclotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclotus birostris" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="birostris">Cyclotus birostris</taxonomicName>
L syntype of
<taxonomicName id="4EBCD89D45913509017B5C5B830A0C8F" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pearsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pearsonia bitubifera" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bitubifera">Pearsonia bitubifera</taxonomicName>
.
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<taxonomicName id="1C1536CF3E76048D328ADDA3F2268FD1" LSID="0F01FD36-A2DA-5202-AFCB-6081D28537AD" authority="Shaw, 2009" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia selenevora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selenevora">Cotesia selenevora Shaw, 2009</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="5397F8A4F31947EBBCC7443600DC0FB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5D61FCB0A8AA538AAC16279680C9C46" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<materialsCitation id="6717B042D2A1EC18913634555510EA77" collectingDate="2008-06-01" collectorName="J. Choutt" country="Belgium" location="Libin" municipality="Luxembourg" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="87EBE813FD27D528097C4FA1D588EC20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<collectingCountry id="346BC373E10EE0D0D21CCC8B0459CF5C" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="2AB42A3B84B958D6C037A11856409388">Luxembourg</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="15679F91793F22FCAE48BF776ABBABF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F01FD36A2DA5202AFCB6081D28537AD:15679F91793F22FCAE48BF776ABBABF3" country="Belgium" municipality="Luxembourg" name="Libin">Libin</location>
, ex.
<taxonomicName id="F10F61098644EB06380398A46DF4FE15" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Boloria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boloria selene" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selene">
<emphasis id="FA26084B6C3496F728B63419F14A41E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Boloria selene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingDate id="DCAD4E30F7F28BF2733A70A8748DB15F" value="2008-06-01">01.vi.2008</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="3E0F3390630FF4C8C6073E96C7146C0E">J. Choutt</collectorName>
, MRS-Cot-cal [
<typeStatus id="A6F81865F3207A6BDB7D6A1C4EF0513C" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FE6CB5C3A875F0E6C8AF9B60A2F9A5AA" collectingDate="2017-09-08" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="D. Doczkal, Doczkal, J" country="Germany" elevation="411" latitude="48.755" location="Bombodrom" longLatPrecision="66" longitude="11.791" municipality="Siegenburg" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bavaria" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="2FE095F60226B5BDF5AAF339A14BE23F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<collectingCountry id="8A70D6DEAC6B87E4CE1A104F491F5853" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="88C313FBFF24AD4783DBC0BE2BB6D7A7" country="Germany" name="Bayern">Bavaria</collectingRegion>
: Lkr. Kelheim,
<collectingMunicipality id="BD10E97CDEB9101254A8C8D244727747">Siegenburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DF031862DD08E42D1819141BF71A7DE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F01FD36A2DA5202AFCB6081D28537AD:DF031862DD08E42D1819141BF71A7DE0" country="Germany" latitude="48.755" longLatPrecision="66" longitude="11.791" municipality="Siegenburg" name="Bombodrom" stateProvince="Bavaria">Bombodrom</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="230EC1481836DDBF651F0D39D04434CF" degrees="48.755" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="48.755">48.755</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F2E0E7014823028D7BD14438AC0EEEB1" degrees="11.791" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="11.791">11.791</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="6600FF49E16F55CD7D78A0D19843F0CE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" unit="m" value="411.0">
<elevation id="C952E75B0D52345D5F2435606A3AE944" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" unit="m" value="411.0">411 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod id="CE8DDD0C07C4DD55EDE4C96CA8431429">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectingDate id="44198102A8F9DECC1DA8999E0E234DFE" value="2017-09-08">8.ix.2017</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="BDDA64EC74D3257C08196176F46D3ACE">
D.
<collectorName id="168F3B75FBECD2CD5ECA962ED5ABBA41">Doczkal, J</collectorName>
</collectorName>
. Voith, ZSM-HYM-33169-A02
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99D5A4ED38B7FB6EBB3A371AEB967F2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="916EFC5975846B90A888C0CB4D69FA6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8364F571E39B894A48A49AC50D5E38F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">PAL.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05AD45EF49B41227F066EAD4F1D92EA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">PAL- Belgium, Finland, Germany*, Sweden.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="078BE04FF7A155E62A6F60906CE0414A" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="molecular data">
<paragraph id="BACFD669F8E595B63745AF8B2805C914" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="024C535735FC0C1EE1B6C47B6A42CAEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">BIN: partially BOLD:AAA7143.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C4D694A2DCAFCB6E87A6188C863D3BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="host">
<paragraph id="9602A91ED11E261CB8265B5034FD4BBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Host information.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3369ACBB24F13CEB2DEA5417125B07E" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicName id="DBC637152B4318D6CD5FB957134CE2A2" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthopoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
: type reared from
<taxonomicName id="086A80BFF278BD4451D34470E7A98FA4" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Boloria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boloria selene" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selene">
<emphasis id="D00BCEF5A7D794FB7EB96D9CA49F3620" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Boloria selene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp;
<normalizedToken id="F39A40100961078888D3A2BE09C29970" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
, 1775).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1F0CA88C0F429AB38F25D6A80FF6BF84" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="notes">
<paragraph id="253F62E94F52E5F65EC62B425CA9AAD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92905A725DA84908C8E5C9006B32B99C" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
Our sequences of this species were formerly part of BIN BOLD:AAA9381 and merged into BOLD:AAA7143 in February 2023. This BIN includes many clearly different species of
<taxonomicName id="F447F0C6CBAFB2592C682355EDE5D2C8" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0574313D6244FBED6A8A706AF0E51B4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Cotesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see discussion below about this
<normalizedToken id="DE372D821BAAE9F809BAC23189A1C33C" originalValue="“megaBIN”">&quot;megaBIN&quot;</normalizedToken>
. ASAP clustering resolves this species as a single cluster, including a specimen reared from
<taxonomicName id="84FD2968BEABC928CD7564E4AAB5859C" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Boloria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boloria selene" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selene">
<emphasis id="ECF1B2642DAE4CDA41D8B20021E0A0F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Boloria selene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp;
<normalizedToken id="1CEED958B735E981C33946BE10801970" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
, 1775) and part of the type series (MRS-Cot-cal=MS 075). Our German specimen matches the barcode of the paratype 100% and also matches the species morphologically, based on
<bibRefCitation id="A0884507C88FDC9428551602B4BAE0AE" author="Shaw, MR" journalOrPublisher="British Journal of Entomology and Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="133 - 146" refId="B96" refString="Shaw, MR, 2009. Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) parasitoids of Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe, with description of three new species. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 22: 133 - 146" title="Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) parasitoids of Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe, with description of three new species." volume="22" year="2009">Shaw (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. This species is illustrated in Fig.
<figureCitation id="A709EADDEAE0DD38D543B2449DAFBDDA" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Cotesia selenevora Shaw, 2009, female (ZSM-HYM- 33169 - A 02) A lateral and B dorsal views. Length of the specimen: 3.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.112516.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/965627" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">16</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2E67A870E96240F8F724F6D5BDDB2549" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.112516.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/965627" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="142C6F51E098135566D0DEE5ACB93212" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="08C22FDC95A4C1EAB33FB49A516ADE37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D9E6FC4D64ADC86078746C7EDF9E4B5A" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia selenevora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selenevora">
<emphasis id="C254F4FBB62C8E4D147750ED25546B3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Cotesia selenevora</emphasis>
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Shaw, 2009, female (ZSM-HYM-33169-A02)
<emphasis id="0351A0784C626282EBEEB5324AB7E89C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">A</emphasis>
lateral and
<emphasis id="6D79F2792C1B191865B5879C8E7F8C98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">B</emphasis>
dorsal views. Length of the specimen: 3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
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Genus
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<paragraph id="2251A721A592DE61374849A4B8781747" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="AFD4939B95F076D9BB77A299346F7569" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanthes" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Neanthes</taxonomicName>
Kinberg, 1865: 171
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<paragraph id="B1A763C2A96DFFA709690B8703C3ECBF" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Includes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F6DBC87721B315C29201E395ACFE387" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="7DD0DCAC5E77DC1D32BB4FAAEF082D37" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nectoneanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nectoneanthes" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Nectoneanthes</taxonomicName>
Wilson, 1988: 5.
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<paragraph id="A8E575E13E6563A0A7475F4117D221E2" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="242EAB509CA869F457CA6948D2446B34" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="01B312F31718D646AFB9ACF7C1FB2C45" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanthes vaalii" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vaalii">Neanthes vaalii</taxonomicName>
Kinberg, 1865, by original designation
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F5834D8DF97BBF48B9DBC91E2669065" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2883F4DC7CE2C9CFE413307A68D6769A" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4CE1C2391F807C464357FEFF539E935" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
(after
<bibRefCitation id="9369605489709BA1AF3BBE16B150EB03" author="Bakken, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="28" pageNumber="103" pagination="507 - 547" title="Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00200.x" volume="34" year="2005">Bakken and Wilson 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Prostomium with entire anterior margin, one pair of antennae, one pair of biarticulated palps with conical palpostyles, four pairs of tentacular cirri with distinct cirrophores. Eyes present or absent. One apodous anterior segment, greater than length of chaetiger 1. Maxillary ring of pharynx, conical paragnaths: Areas I−IV, present or absent; IV, smooth bar-like paragnaths present or absent. Oral ring, conical paragnaths: Areas V and VI present as distinct groups or not separated; V−VIII, present or absent. Dorsal notopodial ligule present, similar in size on anterior and posterior chaetigers or markedly reduced on posterior chaetigers. Prechaetal notopodial lobe present or absent, smaller than dorsal notopodial ligule on anterior chaetigers, usually reduced or absent posteriorly, present throughout all chaetigers or restricted to a limited number of anterior chaetigers. Acicular process present or absent; present on anterior chaetigers, reducing in size posteriorly. Dorsal cirrus basally or mid-dorsally to subterminally attached to dorsal notopodial ligule on posterior chaetigers, lacking basal cirrophore. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent or present. Notoaciculae absent from chaetigers 1 and 2. Notochaetae: homogomph spinigers. Neurochaetae, superior fascicle: heterogomph spinigers present or absent, homogomph spinigers present, heterogomph falcigers on anterior chaetigers present, on posterior chaetigers present or absent. Neurochaetae, inferior fascicle: heterogomph spinigers present or absent, homogomph spinigers present or absent, heterogomph falcigers present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Tribe
<taxonomicName authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" lsidName="" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe" tribe="Dacnini">Dacnini Gistel, 1848</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="166" pageNumber="167" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName genus="Engidites" lsidName="Engidites" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" rank="genus">*Engidites</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1829a: 506 [stem: Eng-]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Engis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Engis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Engis</taxonomicName>
Paykull, 1800 [syn. of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Dacne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacne</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1797]. Comment: family-group name unavailable (Art. 11.7.1.1): not based on a genus used as valid at the time.
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<paragraph pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName family="Dacneidae" lsidName="" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" rank="family">Dacneidae</taxonomicName>
Gistel, 1848: [3] [stem: Dacn-]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Dacne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacne</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1797. Comment: incorrect original stem formation, not in prevailing usage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe" tribe="Cryptodacnini">Cryptodacnini</taxonomicName>
Sen Gupta, 1970: 101, in key [stem: Cryptodacn-]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cryptodacne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptodacne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptodacne</taxonomicName>
Sharp, 1878.
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<paragraph id="1D9FBEA94C712C1BB193AC306AD20628" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">
Subtribe
<taxonomicName id="DCC7900633BE79F9DEA409323DD36DD6" ID-CoL="8LTBK" LSID="0F027CD6-1D4E-4C1A-5FAD-79B4988FC819" authority="Stephens, 1827" authorityName="Erwin" authorityYear="1994" lsidName="" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Bembidiina">Bembidiina Stephens, 1827</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="933F34F73C63DE978F7A14CA2F6E7482" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1C89E609DA85A7990CD9E2DE33FE75D5" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="8B15E81C889D83E8A1271931EB903B36" family="Bembidiidae" lsidName="" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" rank="family">Bembidiidae</taxonomicName>
Stephens, 1827: 5. Type genus:
<taxonomicName id="DF4C638EFD94961C96948CCC822D3B32" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FBCC9423B8177BA2D42EE8CCA6B301E" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Bembidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gyllenhal, 1810 (unjustified emendation of
<taxonomicName id="500FD3ABECF1839C676606E061C0A93C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="990E421E47639F6F6E8F69F242A6DA7C" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Bembidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1802) (=
<taxonomicName id="F3F18AB1B57DC2D6F1CBE2A8F7FCDD37" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="622ADFBB70F32D0DFE0A8F6ACDD3AC06" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Bembidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1802).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD05B449AFE6419A1A24BDB3366EF8E6" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="0C6CA34CFBE3E40FEB861E33F8C474DB" family="Peryphidae" lsidName="" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" rank="family">Peryphidae</taxonomicName>
Kirby, 1837: 52. Type genus:
<taxonomicName id="3DE99A4EDC980F976ABAEFB58C83D402" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1821" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Peryphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0FCC088E8145533843F756C8AD3E640" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Peryphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1821.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78028906CA509E4A3EC1E77FB7A71A27" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" type="diversity">
<paragraph id="144814A6A7E8AD4D7F7F965306E88F86" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Diversity.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14C5AA09DFE4F8A930663983D32994A5" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">
Worldwide, with about 1,350 species. The number of genera admitted varies greatly depending on the authors. In this work, the species are arrayed in nine genera following Maddison (2012: 570):
<taxonomicName id="2AE17F30B1BBE95F85DDE5141A621EDB" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1868" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Amerizus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCED4685F9253272973A2B5A07098FB5" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Amerizus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir,
<taxonomicName id="421433C63C1D9C69EA9ED718E13FFD2F" authorityName="des Gozis" authorityYear="1886" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Asaphidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1F57B0B939FB52D4A2B378F021E6F758" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Asaphidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
des Gozis,
<taxonomicName id="5D73D0CC2022F942F20F33FFF68DD199" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD2C2938E2E8125137F81B3878541C54" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Bembidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Latreille,
<taxonomicName id="0FA71DB343BA2B4049E9E5F53CD4DAF3" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Caecidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02DA63E909DA73A628FE70E8D9491ED2" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Caecidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="B84A2B689006C85BE0D3FC89169F2808" originalValue="Uéno">Ueno</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName id="553068D0D1603ABF8EDE5A04791CFE70" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lionepha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71B470920FEDC19648062054518DEC09" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Lionepha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Casey,
<taxonomicName id="BDA18C7DC875942CDC87113198964818" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4C90E3097F50AF6752CA35F249D0B993" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Ocys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gistel,
<taxonomicName id="ACEEC5F38F3299DC7195EA87EE26CF61" authorityName="Machado" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orzolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFEE9A8F6A4BCDAE3D6A214494224657" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Orzolina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Machado,
<taxonomicName id="BDB532D5374E9DB701424B1828CE2CD8" authorityName="Uéno" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sakagutia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EA55D63DC7010755621154809CF6E10" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Sakagutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="A2445D8B9213C011D0AAF10866E939DE" originalValue="Uéno">Ueno</normalizedToken>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8D8E0A71663ADFB98B1188F60409EDDB" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1864" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Sinechostictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8C09BD892EE463AFFAB691519AA4DC57" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Sinechostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky (including
<taxonomicName id="7C5EE7B5120B6E4AD1C23E16F2FAB373" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudolimnaeum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACA7FBC250DB8B05D8BE1754EE91EC54" italics="true" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Pseudolimnaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kraatz). The majority of the species are found in the Northern Hemisphere (roughly 75.5% of the world fauna).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

200
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@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
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<treatment id="0F028449B8C938D7859087914533B8D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6241259" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136642" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6241259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F028449B8C938D7859087914533B8D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F028449B8C938D7859087914533B8D1" lastPageNumber="396" pageNumber="395">
<subSubSection id="C291E32A449EF8EAB87E4BAE339AD327" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E0B9488E0B346BE377C7FD35C6F4135B" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="ACEE92415FB19A749072EFF08A7B60FD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:226148" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Meranoplus tricuspidatus Schödl" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspidatus">Meranoplus tricuspidatus Schoedl</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2585685D5CABBC9CCCB4AAB10FA84124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A597442BD1435AF5E21E66DA72243871" type="description">
<paragraph id="B88548676B499849532C41D74F268684" pageNumber="395">(Figs. 18, 19, 61, 87)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5BFF55A26ABA3298E5941491E890617B" pageNumber="395">HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 6.05, HL 1.54, HW 1.63, FC 1.25, CS 1.58, SL 0.83, SI 1 51, SI 2 52, PML 1.20, PW 1.43, PMD 1.63, PMI 2 114, ML 1.48, PTLL 0.43, PTLH 0.63, PTDW 0.58, PPLL 0.45, PPLH 0.64, PPI 71, PPDW 0.55, PT / PP 105.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9293884469BD9BB92CEAF3E7845D0110" lastPageNumber="396" pageNumber="395">Mandible with four teeth. Clypeus in full face view surpassing anterolateral frontal corners, acutely bidentate, with an additional short acute medial denticle, accompanied by a low crest. Head only moderately wider than long (CI 106), rear margin shallowly concave. Frontal carinae evenly and rather broadly narrowing towards clypeus (FI 130). Antennal scrobe in lateral view surpassing middle of length of head posteriorly, distinctly transversely carinulate in posterior half, with additional microreticulation, posteriorly distinctly demarcated from remainder of head. Genae rugose, ventrolateral sides of head rugoreticulate, preoccipital lobes reticulate. Compound eyes of moderate size (EL 0.27, REL 0.18, with 16 ommatidia in the longest row) in lateral view situated in front of middle of lateral sides of head, dorsal ocular margin not reaching ventral scrobal margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54281AC41D436B9EA40EE1C934623DBF" pageNumber="396">Promesonotum wider than long (PMI 119), outline broadly translucently flanged, concealing lateral sides of mesosoma and propodeal declivity. Propodeal spines relatively short (PSL 0.51), acute and slightly arcuate and diverging, when seen in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D6FE092C3F8C13A27D969A1963CF693" pageNumber="396">Petiole distinctly higher than long (PTI 68), in profile with anterior face straight and unsculptured, posterior face convex, distinctly and regularly costate. Postpetiole elongately nodiform, with ventral medium sized tooth, rugose throughout.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39FE927A13C1BD378AECEC11C3227979" pageNumber="396">First gastral tergite with dense microreticulum, basally with additional carinulae, with relatively short stiff decumbent and additional longer erect hairs. Dorsum of head longitudinally costulate anteriorly, posteriorly distinctly reticulate, interspaces with additional distinct microreticulum, with short decumbent hairs and longer stiff erect differently sized pilosity. Promesonotal shield rugoreticulate, pilosity similar to that of head.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5F765FFCA354FFDAFEA1707FE0D80B5" pageNumber="396">Brown to fuscous with the gaster, legs and antennae slightly brighter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34C9ED5CA1EB90478B7B6091A3CE9A8" pageNumber="396">WORKERS (n = 6). TL 4.75 - 6.05, HL 1.23 - 1.54, HW 1.33 - 1.63, FC 0.98 - 1.25, FI 129 - 137], CI 106 - 109, CS 1.28 - 1.58, SL 0.67 - 0.83, SI 1 50 - 52, SI 2 52 - 55, PML 0.93 - 1.20, PW 1.18 - 1.43, PMI 118 - 127, PMD 1.33 - 1.63, PMI 2 109 - 114, ML 1.15 - 1.48, PSL 0.48 - 0.55, PTLL 0.35 - 0.43, PTLH 0.50 - 0.63, PTI 68 - 77, PTDW 0.46 - 0.58, PPLL 0.36 - 0.45, PPLH 0.48 - 0.64, PPI 68 - 76, PPDW 0.45 - 0.55, PT / PP 100 - 105, EL 0.21 - 0.27, REL 0.16 - 0.18, with 13 - 17 ommatidia in the longest row</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="69B3691E133041FF5E1802E03D2F86B3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7C224DAB0E4F9D6C4849A87DEAD49ABA" pageNumber="396">ETYMOLOGY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E52837E1A89C83AF328909B2670C9E56" pageNumber="396">The name refers to the tridentate clypeal projection.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A5CFBAB8C0AB853A47FE6DD0740727C" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2216342AA192EEB90BD43EA92394AFBE" pageNumber="396">TYPE MATERIAL</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF270FB181D4D4EE3E995BEF0590C4DD" pageNumber="396">
<materialsCitation id="6EB1C135CB3DD1968F503FCB384B6A49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639188" collectingDate="1980-11-21" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" location="Qld. Cape Upstart" specimenCode="ANTS VIAL 68.198" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus id="068084609AA5DD56EEF1FCB9FD1BD0E8">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker,
<collectingRegion id="F8EF905C8E6FBA64D3037AB59E981AB3">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: '
<location id="5CD9CE2A6B8F153821F9D5044250C25D" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:A64D2CD3DD999126BD95E90743FA640E" country="Australia" name="Qld. Cape Upstart" stateProvince="Queensland">Qld. Cape Upstart</location>
<collectingDate id="FA2D7F589D09FD03D5A30F3B539E5051" day="21" month="11" value="1980-11-21" year="1980">21. xi. 1980</collectingDate>
BBLowery
<location id="AB1B3F03A80319AF36B12F53F413E8E1" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:9449E1406D612F25B288FEFB7D0A2840" country="Australia" name="Cleared" stateProvince="Queensland">Cleared</location>
ground \
<collectionCode id="B81A853902D7A68B2768429FAB740FA3" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="679C0DC6182CA28FD6A7CEA8402C30EB">ANTS VIAL 68.198</specimenCode>
' (
<collectionCode id="3A99C35C7F0EE74D74296EEBE14EC26B" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="8ECF1029B1131784BF11A07E0B160BF7">Paratypes</typeStatus>
. 8 workers, same data as
<typeStatus id="9FD2B4C6C77B965487B2FC96CEEEE96C">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1FD6869A0858F8187DA362EF67F716C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639180" collectingDate="1980-11-21" collectionCode="ANIC, NHMW" collectorName="BBLowery" country="Australia" location="Qld. Cape Upstart Mt Ayr" specimenCode="ANTS VIAL 67" stateProvince="Queensland">
12 workers, '
<location id="E145B68B4CB89DE5E311D5224516D72D" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:DCBCA4C1B8F3DA71E4ED57272E9347F8" country="Australia" name="Qld. Cape Upstart Mt Ayr" stateProvince="Queensland">Qld. Cape Upstart Mt Ayr</location>
<collectingDate id="4A13812988DB6CAEFE5B03D2F18A0888" day="21" month="11" value="1980-11-21" year="1980">21. xi. 1980</collectingDate>
<collectorName id="89DB692DFF5DD10462EACEC584FCF3B9">BBLowery</collectorName>
flat sea level \
<collectionCode id="CBBB5D64E87680876A5738DF841A6B57" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DCF86AFF9630A9F176CA91025AB80966">ANTS VIAL 67</specimenCode>
'. (
<collectionCode id="0166DD3D5EAA84C8D7A6D0D0D86C9D3E" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="EE90EB88D55A71B26977725358B81A92" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien">NHMW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7BEA22962CDF4AB8FB3CBF448CC28B65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="52102A7198E35D4E055782763E475F56" pageNumber="396">ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60E227515246EB335D8CDC250F46070E" pageNumber="396">
<materialsCitation id="26A656E81C551C754A1C3D867FB49A9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639186" collectingDate="1972-12-15" collectorName="B. B. Lowery" country="Australia" location="Emerald" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectingRegion id="2C3397E45699508D3A43CEC6B4364067">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="47917DC1845F7177851ED725C0891153" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:C56F5D679553FF56746D0F47338682E5" country="Australia" name="Emerald" stateProvince="Queensland">Emerald</location>
,
<collectingDate id="D7246026526EC78F875F57A142A1129D" day="15" month="12" value="1972-12-15" year="1972">15. xii. 1972</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="635B442AA571129F2E7A583ED4D53D22">B. B. Lowery</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EF6C95BBEA54130B092BDC04181A183D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639185" collectingDate="1965-01-04" collectorName="B. B. Lowery" country="Australia" location="Moonie" stateProvince="Queensland">
<location id="3FE2567174A4FAA5C23A12E808C60CCE" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:3EB2AD05276A00BFA0D20869C4851270" country="Australia" name="Moonie" stateProvince="Queensland">Moonie</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="0FE5E2C873EFF6201E8A0A8B46DAC160">60 mls N</locationDeviation>
<location id="6E46AEB14932402CD76D5EEA3AC41074" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:D70E44F88A1B30CF052A5A9A982B5A9A" country="Australia" name="Goondiwindi" stateProvince="Queensland">Goondiwindi</location>
,
<collectingDate id="BB549A93453E6F35EA33ABED3FB069F4" day="04" month="01" value="1965-01-04" year="1965">4. i. 1965</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="0073C1AF192DEEC23604C0D93C5CB0C4">B. B. Lowery</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9A76E2E081D0D5808101D6A55369E57D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639176" collectingDate="1957-11" collectorName="Darlington" country="Australia" location="Bowen" stateProvince="Queensland">
<locationDeviation id="6FBCC4C5F72B88E63D9D4A3994392F46">N of</locationDeviation>
<location id="2B14365368F0DF88A9499B8CD54A13D7" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:0C944710E9F85B4B72CD6906AEB62428" country="Australia" name="Bowen" stateProvince="Queensland">Bowen</location>
,
<collectingDate id="34648CBD50FDB3061D58B2A32115EF9A" month="11" value="1957-11" year="1957">xi. 1957</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="6014BFD3A4E012A3AB2BAB7F5E7AFEF6">Darlington</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8E3985B46F5D87805CA6A9E31DA589BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639193" collectingDate="1986-07-31" collectorName="G. Lithgow" country="Australia" location="Allinga" stateProvince="Queensland">
<location id="B28C0EEE1B001B7BB1E07604B27C01AD" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:B0A0DFE9061554ED535DAFC3DE3CD141" country="Australia" name="Allinga" stateProvince="Queensland">Allinga</location>
,
<location id="FE1E43FEB6A313AC351EE31C05932540" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:4947771C8445FAFBE1E7E3997B0CA750" country="Australia" name="Chinchilla" stateProvince="Queensland">Chinchilla</location>
,
<collectingDate id="23D3A538BD0A8F903E1040E4C49C776B" day="31" month="07" value="1986-07-31" year="1986">31. vii. 1986</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="F0A22E0928757DD23D5058EADB699DA3">G. Lithgow</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B095DCADDB3E97B82926B8D55E6274FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639192" collectingDate="1974-10" collectionCode="ANIC, MCZC, NHMW, QMBA" collectorName="P. J. M. Greenslade" country="Australia" location="Kunnoth Polk nr. Alice Springs" stateProvince="Northern Territory">
<collectingRegion id="1991BF3BA6795437E4924A834F89EF79">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="B4E1A718779703A5B99A7B16E7030A59" LSID="plazi:F1E74ECB2C535FB1542C026D388E0576:5D16D78843FE3827599A41CC6E36FCAB" country="Australia" name="Kunnoth Polk nr. Alice Springs" stateProvince="Northern Territory">Kunnoth Polk nr. Alice Springs</location>
,
<collectingDate id="0085E3D6760B85193FD771DB481C6EBE" day="26" month="10" value="1974-10" year="1974">x. 1974 &amp; 24. - 26. ix. 1980</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="C140A66C19F94662484C1818CBD78D50">P. J. M. Greenslade</collectorName>
). (13 workers, 1 gyne in
<collectionCode id="3E77EDDB84E77FB1A77EF2C24A024612" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="60C31E2FA56ADBD9F6D10F1609C76D5D" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="EC56A2EBEEE3FE3AA626830C42C9BEFA" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien">NHMW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="50173DD6AE3B9751F6C442C057BF1064" collectionName="Australia, Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland Museum">QMBA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24520FEB15FFF9DC758AC597C4BA0E2D" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5B5EB12EFFEABB19954B355E7216077F" pageNumber="396">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85F92DB4969CD91742CB152455F74E0E" pageNumber="396">
Superficially this taxon somewhat resembles
<taxonomicName id="BA83448D79669D2EAFD57C40EBB7892C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:226120" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Meranoplus wilsoni Schödl" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsoni">M. wilsoni</taxonomicName>
and M.
<taxonomicName id="9CA65E1B14553FE93DF30040C346F560" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30630" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Meranoplus mars Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mars">mars</taxonomicName>
, but is readily separated by the clypeus and, in addition by the translucently margined promesonotal shield.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFBFE9CF900007315F7ADC3B203D5B13" pageNumber="396">
Paratypes and additional other material from Queensland resemble the type. Specimens from Northern Territory show a slightly longer and thinner pilosity and the dorsal surface of the head is shiny with the microsculpture less developed. Known from coastal and south-central Queensland, with a single sample taken at Alice Springs. The disjunct occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="E2C1C5118742F7996F6D154DD1318C0B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:226148" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Meranoplus tricuspidatus Schödl" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspidatus">M. tricuspidatus</taxonomicName>
most likely is only due to the lack of additional samples. This gap might be closed as soon as new material shows up.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1303,1717,281,316]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis" status="syn. nov.">Nanotyrannus lancensis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<specimenCode box="[1346,1565,342,378]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
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, a damaged skull with lower jaws in occlusion (
<figureCitation box="[1318,1502,384,420]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A-D</figureCitation>
), was collected from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana in 1942 and described by C. W.
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[2020,2276,425,461]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref18815" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106: 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore (1946)</bibRefCitation>
in a posthumous publication.
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<specimenCode box="[1730,1944,467,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
was heavily restored in plaster, and Gilmore erred in his account of sutural fusion in the skull, a misinterpretation perpetuated by later workers (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1493,1816,592,628]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Paul, G. S." bookContentInfo="464 pp" box="[1836,2018,592,628]" journalOrPublisher="Simon and Schuster, New York" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" refId="ref19442" refString="Paul, G. S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 pp" title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide." type="book" year="1988">Paul, 1988</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, there is no evidence of sutural fusion in this specimen except for fusion of the intranasal and intraparietal sutures, which is typical of Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1340,1522,717,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
. Gilmore noted the similarity of the skull to the smallest specimen of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1680,1861,759,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
then known (AMNH 5664); thus
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[1386,1632,800,836]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref18815" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106: 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore (1946)</bibRefCitation>
made
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378370" box="[1745,1955,800,836]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1745,1955,800,836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
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the holotype of the new taxon,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" box="[1422,1805,842,878]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">Gorgosaurus lancensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1302,2360,280,1211]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
In his review of tyrannosaurids from western Canada,
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
referred
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" box="[1578,1831,925,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">”G”. lancensis</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1892,2127,925,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
and accepted Gilmore’s interpretation of sutural fusion and its indication of relative maturity. Later,
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1705,2087,1009,1045]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al. (1988:17)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a new genus of dwarf tyrannosaurid,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bakker, Williams &amp; Currie" authorityYear="1988" box="[1819,2052,1050,1086]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
, for “
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">G.” lancensis</taxonomicName>
, offering sutural fusion between the frontal and prefrontal and between the parietal and frontal as the criteria for the adult nature of the specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1300,2359,1260,3106]" box="[1306,1908,1260,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
Relative Maturity of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378303" box="[1686,1908,1260,1295]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1686,1908,1260,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1300,2359,1260,3106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
The presence of striated cortical bone was demonstrated by
<bibRefCitation author="Bennett, S. C." box="[1306,1558,1363,1399]" journalOrPublisher="Paleobiology" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="92 - 106" part="19" refId="ref18594" refString="Bennett, S. C. 1993. The Ontogeny of Pteranodon and Other Pterosaurs. Paleobiology 19: 92 - 106" title="The Ontogeny of Pteranodon and Other Pterosaurs" type="journal article" year="1993">Bennett (1993)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Sampson, S. D." bookContentInfo="299 pp" box="[1655,1928,1363,1399]" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto, Toronto" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" refId="ref19609" refString="Sampson, S. D. 1993. Cranial Ornamentations in Ceratopsid Dinosaurs: Systematic, Behavioral, and Evolutionary Implications. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, 299 pp" title="Cranial Ornamentations in Ceratopsid Dinosaurs: Systematic, Behavioral, and Evolutionary Implications" type="book" year="1993">Sampson (1993)</bibRefCitation>
to distinguish immature, fast-growing individuals from mature specimens for pterosaurs and centrosaurine ceratopsids, respectively. Immature bone grain is lost with increase in size and development of ontogenetic characters, thus providing a crude measure of relative maturity among reptiles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1300,2359,1260,3106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
On
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378351" box="[1413,1633,1612,1648]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1413,1633,1612,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, immature bone grain is present on the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (
<figureCitation box="[1798,1927,1654,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionTargetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) and lacrimal, lateral surface of the vomer, dentary, surangular (
<figureCitation box="[1983,2115,1695,1731]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionTargetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
), angular, palatine, jugal (
<figureCitation box="[1525,1659,1738,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionTargetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
), ventral process of the maxilla, quadratojugal process of the squamosal, squamosal ramus of the postorbital, rostral surface of the supraoccipital crest of the parietal, medial surface of the prearticular and splenial, caudal margin of the quadratojugal, caudal surface of the quadrate, and dorsal surface of the frontal and nasals (
<figureCitation box="[1874,2007,1945,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionTargetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1300,2359,1260,3106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
In addition, none of the “fusions” (frontal-frontal, frontalprefrontal, nasal-maxilla, nasal-lacrimal, nasal-prefrontal, premaxilla-maxilla, maxilla-lacrimal, maxilla-nasal) claimed by
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[1305,1565,2113,2149]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref18815" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106: 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore (1946)</bibRefCitation>
or by
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1694,2039,2113,2149]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
actually occurs in
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378316" box="[1305,1530,2154,2190]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1305,1530,2154,2190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
. In fact, none of the fusions enumerated above occurs in any tyrannosaurid skulls externally (pers. obs.), except suture closure around the prefrontal varies in some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2163,2257,2238,2274]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(Brochu, pers. comm.). Therefore, I regard
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378319" box="[1959,2172,2279,2315]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1959,2172,2279,2315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
as a Stage 1 specimen on the basis of cortical bone texture, a conclusion consistent with its size (skull length 572 mm). Also,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378383" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
exhibits the characters typical of Stage 1 specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation box="[1524,1721,2445,2481]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="21.[196,376,577,609]" captionTargetBox="[194,2340,835,3026]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="APPENDIX 1. A genus-level comparison of tyrannosaurids: the growth changes of Albertosaurus libratus compared with the homologous characters in Daspletosaurus torosus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Abbreviations: aofen, antorbital fenestra; aofo, antorbital fossa; artic, articular; basis pn for, basisphenoid pneumatic foramen; cdrsl, caudodorsal; cnflt, confluent; cnvx, convex; corn, cornual; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; fen, fenestra; hrz, horizontal; intramnd, intramandibular; ltfen, laterotemporal fenestra; M. add mand ext, Musculus adductor mandibular pars externus; max, maxilla; occ con, occipital condyle; pn, pneumatic; po, postorbital; pr, process; qj, quadratojugal; rd, rostrodorsal; rv, rostroventral; sbn, subnarial; shllw, shallow; smth, smooth; sq, squamosal; surf, surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958119/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
<tableCitation box="[1524,1721,2445,2481]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="21.[196,376,577,609]" captionTargetBox="[194,2340,835,3026]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="APPENDIX 1. A genus-level comparison of tyrannosaurids: the growth changes of Albertosaurus libratus compared with the homologous characters in Daspletosaurus torosus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Abbreviations: aofen, antorbital fenestra; aofo, antorbital fossa; artic, articular; basis pn for, basisphenoid pneumatic foramen; cdrsl, caudodorsal; cnflt, confluent; cnvx, convex; corn, cornual; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; fen, fenestra; hrz, horizontal; intramnd, intramandibular; ltfen, laterotemporal fenestra; M. add mand ext, Musculus adductor mandibular pars externus; max, maxilla; occ con, occipital condyle; pn, pneumatic; po, postorbital; pr, process; qj, quadratojugal; rd, rostrodorsal; rv, rostroventral; sbn, subnarial; shllw, shallow; smth, smooth; sq, squamosal; surf, surface." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D46639FFBDFFCF76A6FDBFFBA4FCA8" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" tableUuid="D3D46639FFBDFFCF76A6FDBFFBA4FCA8">Appendix 1</tableCitation>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1300,2359,1260,3106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
Premaxilla—In rostral view, the premaxillae are narrow and their lateral margins are concave at the base of the maxillary processes, and the alveolar region is shallow (
<figureCitation box="[2081,2199,2570,2606]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[1300,2359,1260,3106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
Maxilla—The maxillae of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378313" box="[1820,2040,2613,2649]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1820,2040,2613,2649]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
are laterally flattened, the alveolar process is shallow, the first tooth is incisiform, and the remaining teeth are labiolingually narrow (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A, D</figureCitation>
). Also, the ventrolateral rim of the ventral jugal process is not breached by the caudalmost neurovascular sulcus of the ventral row of foramina (
<figureCitation box="[1727,1859,2820,2856]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). The lateral surface does not extend caudally over the rostral margin of the antorbital fossa (
<figureCitation box="[1314,1449,2904,2940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), the promaxillary fenestra is dorsoventrally elongate and not recessed (
<figureCitation box="[1599,1731,2945,2981]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), the antorbital fenestra is longer than high, and the small maxillary fenestra is midway between the rostral margins of the antorbital fossa and restored fenestra (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Nasal—In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378311" box="[429,657,281,317]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[429,657,281,317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, the nasals are smooth with low transverse and fine rostrocaudal ridges (
<figureCitation box="[902,1101,323,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
). In the smallest Stage 1 specimen of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[751,941,365,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
examined (TMP 86.144.1), the rugose texture typical of mature specimens is present. The condition in
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378301" box="[620,833,449,485]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[620,833,449,485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
might represent individual, ontogenetic, or taxonomic variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Lacrimal—In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378329" box="[491,709,533,569]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[491,709,533,569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
the rostral margin of the rostroventral lamina is concave to straight and the contact of the lamina with the jugal exceeds that of the ventral ramus as in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[340,525,660,696]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[556,696,660,696]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Also, there is no evidence of fusion between the ventral margins of the medial and lateral processes of the rostral ramus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Jugal—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[633,818,786,822]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the maxillary ramus of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378362" box="[191,408,828,864]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[191,408,828,864]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
is dorsoventrally shallow and tapered (
<figureCitation box="[1094,1227,828,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). The jugal pneumatic recess is a rostrally-restricted slit (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), the postorbital articular surface approaches the orbit floor (
<figureCitation box="[203,335,954,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), the region ventral to the postorbital ramus is convex (
<figureCitation box="[203,334,996,1032]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), the caudal margin of the postorbital ramus is convex at midheight, and the caudal rim of the lacrimal articular surface is subvertical (
<figureCitation box="[439,573,1080,1116]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Postorbital—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[704,882,1122,1158]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the laterodorsal margin is not everted medially into the dorsotemporal fenestra (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
). There is no postorbital cornual process or suborbital prong (
<figureCitation box="[309,440,1248,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
); the former is represented by a textured surface. Unlike
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[314,494,1290,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the rostral and caudal margins of the jugal process taper rostroventrally (
<figureCitation box="[691,826,1333,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Prefrontal—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[713,896,1374,1410]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
specimens, the prefrontal is situated at the rostrolateral margin of the frontal, bounded caudally by a triangular, tab-like process from the frontal to separate it from the lacrimal caudolaterally (
<figureCitation box="[1098,1225,1500,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Frontal—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[667,852,1543,1579]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the lacrimal notch in
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378377" box="[189,407,1585,1621]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[189,407,1585,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
is elongate and narrow in dorsal view, the prefrontal notch is rostrocaudally stout in dorsal view, and the paired frontals are longer than wide (
<figureCitation box="[808,937,1669,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Further evidence of the immature nature of the specimen is provided by the relatively elongate orbital margin (11 mm) and the shallow dorsotemporal fossa, which has a barely discernible rostral margin (
<figureCitation box="[203,332,1840,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Unlike Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[623,801,1840,1876]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the frontals appear to rise to meet each other along the midline rostral to the dorsotemporal fossa (
<figureCitation box="[403,535,1925,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
); however, cracks suggest this may be an artifact of dorsoventral crushing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Parietal—In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378317" box="[459,671,2010,2046]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[459,671,2010,2046]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
the delicate nuchal crest is low in caudal view (
<figureCitation box="[414,544,2052,2088]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Its dorsal margin is rostrally everted and the laterodorsal margin is convex in frontal section (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
). Unlike Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[519,697,2137,2173]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the sagittal crest in lateral view is tall and blade-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Ectopterygoid—In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378376" box="[570,789,2222,2258]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[570,789,2222,2258]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, unlike Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1061,1238,2222,2258]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the ectopterygoid is inflated, except for the jugal ramus (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[543,726,2307,2343]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the muscle scar on the jugal ramus is caudolaterally positioned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Supraoccipital—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[759,936,2392,2428]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal process of the supraoccipital of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378338" box="[599,814,2435,2471]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[599,814,2435,2471]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
is narrow and has a horizontal dorsal border with flange-like rostrolateral edges (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Basioccipital—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[760,943,2561,2597]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the ventrolateral margins of the occipital condyle taper toward each other ventrally and the caudoventral condylar surface is flattened (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). The ventral surface of the basituberal web is flat and arched in caudal view (
<figureCitation box="[609,746,2732,2768]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). The median portion of the basioccipital is concave between the laminae and the bone is strongly excavated caudolaterally by the subcondylar recess (
<figureCitation box="[205,336,2860,2896]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Parabasisphenoid—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[820,997,2903,2939]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the pneumatic foramina in the basisphenoid are small and situated ventrally and the oval scar is smooth and lateroventrally oriented (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[189,1251,281,3108]" lastBlockId="12.[1300,2361,280,742]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Dentary—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[670,852,3071,3107]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
the dentary of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378354" box="[1128,1377,280,3108]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1128,1377,280,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
is relatively shallow in lateral view and narrow in ventral view (
<figureCitation box="[1407,1594,323,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6A, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1300,2361,280,742]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Surangular—In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378337" box="[1632,1846,365,401]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1632,1846,365,401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
the surangular is shallow and the surangular shelf is horizontal (
<figureCitation box="[1882,2014,408,444]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1300,2361,280,742]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Prearticular—As in Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1856,2040,450,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
the dorsal margin of the caudal ramus of the prearticular is restricted caudally (
<figureCitation box="[1313,1447,535,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), the caudal ramus is shallow with parallel dorsal and ventral margins (
<figureCitation box="[1584,1716,578,614]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), the rostral lamina is slightly expanded and its parallel margins converge to a point distally (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), and the caudodorsal surface of the rostral lamina is smooth (
<figureCitation box="[1313,1447,706,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionTargetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1686,1972,809,845]" box="[1686,1972,809,845]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CONCLUSIONS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1299,1791,890,926]" box="[1299,1790,891,926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Immaturity of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378342" box="[1568,1790,891,926]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1568,1790,891,926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1295,2365,972,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
The morphological structure of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378343" box="[1868,2080,972,1008]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1868,2080,972,1008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
agrees with that of Stage 1 specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1745,1930,1015,1051]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
and displays no mature features. The weight of evidence indicates that
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378379" box="[2099,2314,1057,1093]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[2099,2314,1057,1093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
is juvenile. The presence of immature bone grain (
<figureCitation box="[2153,2260,1100,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionTargetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) precludes the specimen from representing an adult pygmy tyrannosaurid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1295,2365,972,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
Status of Nanotyrannus—
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhdestvensky, A. K." box="[1799,2193,1227,1263]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontological Journal" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="95 - 109" part="3" refId="ref19519" refString="Rozhdestvensky, A. K. 1965. Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy. Palaeontological Journal 3: 95 - 109." title="Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy" type="journal article" year="1965">Rozhdestvensky (1965)</bibRefCitation>
first suggested that
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378339" box="[1503,1722,1269,1305]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1503,1722,1269,1305]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
might be a juvenile
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
, based on his observations of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1871,2026,1311,1347]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
, in which juveniles vary in “slightly different proportions than in the large specimens, as we should expect if they are of different (ontogenetic) ages” (
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhdestvensky, A. K." box="[1421,1876,1440,1476]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontological Journal" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="95 - 109" part="3" refId="ref19519" refString="Rozhdestvensky, A. K. 1965. Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy. Palaeontological Journal 3: 95 - 109." title="Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy" type="journal article" year="1965">Rozhdestvensky, 1965:106</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1295,2365,972,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, K." box="[1339,1623,1483,1519]" editor="N. Mateer &amp; P. J. Chen" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref18651" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America; pp. 250 - 268 in N. Mateer and P. J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing" title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter (1992)</bibRefCitation>
also suggested that
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378330" box="[1974,2189,1483,1519]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1974,2189,1483,1519]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
might be an immature specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1754,1856,1526,1562]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
on the basis of its long and low snout, separate nasals and frontal, circular orbit, and rostrocaudally oval margin of the antorbital fenestra. Carpenter was uncertain of the significance of the last feature, owing to its acute rostral margin relative to that in immature specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1351,1510,1740,1776]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
. In fact, on both sides, this region is absent and restored in plaster in
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378331" box="[1655,1875,1784,1820]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1655,1875,1784,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
. Carpenter’s suggestion concerning ontogenetically variable features, except for the nasalfrontal contact, is consistent with the observations reported here. He noted two features that united the specimen with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
: considerable lateral constriction of the snout, and a dorsally broad temporal region (
<figureCitation box="[1888,2078,1999,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, K." editor="N. Mateer &amp; P. J. Chen" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref18651" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America; pp. 250 - 268 in N. Mateer and P. J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing" title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter (1992:528)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively accepted Russell’s identification of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378327" box="[1299,1513,2085,2121]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1299,1513,2085,2121]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
as?
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1598,1803,2085,2121]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">A. lancensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[1295,2365,972,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378358" box="[1340,1568,2127,2163]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1340,1568,2127,2163]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, and specimens referred to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2070,2174,2127,2163]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, share the following characters: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length (
<figureCitation box="[2120,2277,2213,2249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8I, J</figureCitation>
); (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra (
<figureCitation box="[1313,1493,2299,2335]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
); (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally (
<figureCitation box="[1501,1678,2342,2378]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
); (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess (
<figureCitation box="[1428,1613,2385,2421]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
); (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
); (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers (
<figureCitation box="[2151,2340,2428,2464]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8G, H</figureCitation>
); (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate (
<figureCitation box="[2154,2340,2470,2506]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
); (8) shallow subcondylar recess (
<figureCitation box="[1840,2026,2514,2550]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8G, H</figureCitation>
); (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess (
<figureCitation box="[1510,1794,2599,2635]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8A, B, G, H</figureCitation>
); (10) inflated ectopterygoid (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
); (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular (
<figureCitation box="[1313,1486,2685,2721]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
); (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids (
<figureCitation box="[1970,2153,2728,2764]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, K." editor="N. Mateer &amp; P. J. Chen" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref18651" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America; pp. 250 - 268 in N. Mateer and P. J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing" title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter, 1992</bibRefCitation>
); and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids (
<figureCitation box="[1313,1491,2814,2850]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
). Given the low number of specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[2207,2362,2814,2850]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
examined first-hand for this study, it is conceivable that some of these characters may be generic synapomorphies. Based on the close morphological similarities between the skull of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378308" box="[1301,1517,2985,3021]" collectionCode="CMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" specimenCode="CMNH 7541" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1301,1517,2985,3021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">CMNH 7541</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
and large
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1711,1810,2985,3021]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
skulls,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="509" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="12.[1295,2365,972,3108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">
I thus consider
<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483102" authorityName="Bakker et al." authorityYear="1988" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1879DFFD0FFE95E7FF664FEA6A618" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" treatmentCitationLabel="synonym">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis" status="syn. nov.">
Nanotyrannus lancensis
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1575,1885,3028,3064]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
a
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitationLabel box="[1927,2363,3028,3064]" pageId="12" pageNumber="509">subjective junior synonym</treatmentCitationLabel>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1353,1911,3071,3108]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
Tyrannosaurus rex
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H. F." box="[1681,1911,3072,3108]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="509" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref19390" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="510" startId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[198,2355,2828,2902]" pageId="13" pageNumber="510">
FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[240,571,2868,2900]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="15" pageNumber="512" startId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" targetBox="[238,2304,264,2928]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph blockId="15.[199,2358,2967,3150]" pageId="15" pageNumber="512">
FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1130,1409,2967,2999]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
(CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na,
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[204,2364,2964,3109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer.</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" startId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[197,2352,1679,1748]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1163,1440,1716,1748]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
(CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection box="[197,752,1924,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1252,1923,3106]" box="[197,752,1924,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
Ontogeny in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[430,752,1924,1959]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1252,1923,3106]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
Ontogeny in the craniofacial skeleton of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[937,1251,1988,2024]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
is characterized by a global shift from a gracile early ontogeny to a robust late ontogeny morphotype. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[885,980,2071,2107]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
the rostral maxillary and dentary teeth become conical, expanding and deepening the alveolar processes of the maxilla and dentary (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8A, C, E, F</figureCitation>
). The tooth row becomes rostrodorsally reoriented, and the teeth become procumbent (
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[796,1129,2238,2274]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Also, the maxilla loses three to four teeth from the rostral end of the tooth row, because the rostral teeth undergo the greatest change. Although tooth count has been used to distinguish tyrannosaurid taxa (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[500,836,2404,2440]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
), caution is advised because counts appear to be sensitive to ontogenetic and individual variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1252,1923,3106]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
A similar pattern of loss of tooth positions is present in the maxilla of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[385,566,2571,2607]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, dropping from 16 to 13 alveoli (
<tableCitation captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[195,311,276,308]" captionTargetBox="[338,2239,393,800]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 2. Maxillary tooth counts of maxillary alveoli, growth stage, and skull lengths of Albertosaurus libratus specimens showing a tendency for more mature specimens to have fewer tooth positions. () = estimated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D46639FFBBFFC976A1FEEAFAF6FEE2" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" tableUuid="D3D46639FFBBFFC976A1FEEAFAF6FEE2">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Although one large Stage 1 specimen (USNM 12814) has a low alveolus count, this specimen is the most mature of the growth stage (Carr, in prep.). While loss of alveoli may be individually variable, it is evident that the phenomenon occurs in mature specimens (
<tableCitation box="[578,711,2779,2815]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[195,311,276,308]" captionTargetBox="[338,2239,393,800]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 2. Maxillary tooth counts of maxillary alveoli, growth stage, and skull lengths of Albertosaurus libratus specimens showing a tendency for more mature specimens to have fewer tooth positions. () = estimated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D46639FFBBFFC976A1FEEAFAF6FEE2" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" tableUuid="D3D46639FFBBFFC976A1FEEAFAF6FEE2">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Among other archosaurs, ontogenetic tooth loss has been reported by
<bibRefCitation author="Mook, C. C." box="[921,1147,2820,2856]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="51 - 66" part="64" refId="ref19357" refString="Mook, C. C. 1921. Individual and age variation in the skulls of recent Crocodilia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 64: 51 - 66." title="Individual and age variation in the skulls of recent Crocodilia" type="journal article" year="1921">Mook (1921)</bibRefCitation>
, Wermuth (1953), and
<bibRefCitation author="Iordansky, N. N." box="[492,774,2863,2899]" editor="C. Gans &amp; T. S. Parsons" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="201 - 262" refId="ref18922" refString="Iordansky, N. N. 1973. The skull of the Crocodilia; pp. 201 - 262 in C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of Reptilia, Vol. 4. Academic Press, New York." title="The skull of the Crocodilia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology of Reptilia, Vol. 4" year="1973">Iordansky (1973)</bibRefCitation>
in Crocodylus cataphractus, C. porosus, C. siamensis, and Tomistoma schlegelii. This indicates that ontogenetic tooth loss among
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[932,1205,2945,2981]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae</taxonomicName>
is not withXout precedent among Archosauria.
</paragraph>
<footnote pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1252,1923,3106]" lastBlockId="17.[1301,2356,1924,3107]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
In agreement with Molnar’s detailed functional analysis (1973), the adult skull of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[633,732,3070,3106]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
is constructed for forceful biting. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1433,1533,1924,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the dorsotemporal fossa becomes deeply excavated during ontogeny, reflecting hypertrophied adductor musculature (
<figureCitation box="[1463,1653,2009,2045]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
). The entire skull is modified to accommodate the change, including the rostrally-oriented orbits (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, D, I, J</figureCitation>
). In concert with the increase in bite force, the muzzle and jaws become deep and contacts between bones are strengthened by peg-and-socket sutures, such as the nasomaxillary contact (
<figureCitation box="[1548,1675,2222,2258]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). The facial skeleton is buttressed to deliver and absorb the resultant forces of increased bite force, evidenced by the strut-like rostral margin of the antorbital fossa, which passes to the columnar dorsum of the snout. Also, the premaxillary dental arcade of early growth stages is abandoned for a sparser arrangement of teeth (
<figureCitation box="[1921,2084,2434,2470]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8I, J</figureCitation>
), indicating the less specialized grasping function characteristic of the remainder of the rostral maxillary tooth row.
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph blockId="17.[1301,2356,1924,3107]" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
In addition, the craniofacial air sac system (sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Witmer, L. M." editor="P. J. Currie &amp; E. M. Koster" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="234 - 239" part="3" refId="ref19696" refString="Witmer, L. M. 1987. The nature of the antorbital fossa of archosaurs: shifting the null hypothesis; pp. 234 - 239 in P. J. Currie and E. M. Koster (eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosys- terns. Short Papers. Revised ed. Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, 3" title="The nature of the antorbital fossa of archosaurs: shifting the null hypothesis" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosys- terns. Short Papers. Revised ed" year="1987">Witmer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Witmer, L. M." box="[1400,1475,2604,2640]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="327 - 378" part="100" refId="ref19765" refString="---- 1990. The craniofacial air sac system of Mesozoic birds (Aves). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 100: 327 - 378." title="The craniofacial air sac system of Mesozoic birds (Aves)" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Witmer, L. M." box="[1499,1573,2604,2640]" journalOrPublisher="Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir" pageId="17" pageNumber="514" pagination="1 - 73" part="3" refId="ref19792" refString="---- 1997. The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an anal- ysis of the function of pneumaticity. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 3: 1 - 73; supplement to Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 (1)." title="The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an anal- ysis of the function of pneumaticity" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
) had a primary role in modifying bone structure. The antorbital air sac rested within the antorbital fenestra and antorbital fossa, sending diverticula into the ectopterygoid, palatine, lacrimal, jugal, and maxilla. As maturity was attained, the diverticula invaded the bones more fully, expanding the sinuses and bones. Combined with changes induced by an enlarged dentition, late ontogeny specimens became ‘swollenfaced’ relative to their smaller, sleeker progeny. It is probable that the swollen bones had greater cross-sectional strength than the strap-like bones of smaller animals, a morphological shift that would be important for taking live prey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[1301,2356,1924,3107]" lastBlockId="19.[195,1257,918,1703]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="17" pageNumber="514">
Finally, pneumatic features indicate further ontogenetic change in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[385,489,918,954]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
. The Stage 4 specimens
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<specimenCode box="[942,1109,918,954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">CM 9380</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378344" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/Display.php?irn=1028446&amp;QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2F&amp;BackRef=ResultsList.php " pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="LACM 23844" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode pageId="19" pageNumber="516">LACM 23844</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, and
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378335" box="[408,649,959,995]" collectionCode="UCMP" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V118742&amp;one=T " pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="UCMP 118742" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[408,649,959,995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">UCMP 118742</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
share maxillary fenestrae that are rostrodorsally deep and extend medial to the rostral margin of the antorbital fossa to a greater degree than in other specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378371" box="[295,520,1085,1121]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=47761 " pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="AMNH 5027" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[295,520,1085,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">AMNH 5027</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378325" box="[544,714,1085,1121]" collectionCode="BHI" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="BHI 2033" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[544,714,1085,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">BHI 2033</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378310" box="[736,923,1085,1121]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="TMP 81.6.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[736,923,1085,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">TMP 81.6.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378384" box="[945,1120,1085,1121]" collectionCode="MOR" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="MOR 555" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[945,1120,1085,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">MOR 555</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
). In addition, the interfenestral strut is thin, and additional pneumatic foramina are present at the apex (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378328" box="[789,986,1168,1204]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=52853 " pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="CMN 9380" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[789,986,1168,1204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">CMN 9380</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) or at the base (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378348" box="[208,448,1209,1245]" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/Display.php?irn=1028446&amp;QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2F&amp;BackRef=ResultsList.php " pageId="19" pageNumber="516" specimenCode="LACM 23844" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[208,448,1209,1245]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">LACM 23844</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of the interfenestral strut.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D3D46639FFBBFFC976A1FEEAFAF6FEE2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D46639FFBBFFC976A1FEEAFAF6FEE2" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" startId="19.[195,311,276,308]" targetBox="[338,2239,393,800]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[194,2354,276,344]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
TABLE 2. Maxillary tooth counts of maxillary alveoli, growth stage, and skull lengths of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1559,1891,276,308]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
specimens showing a tendency for more mature specimens to have fewer tooth positions. () = estimated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="19.[194,2356,379,823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<table box="[338,2239,393,800]" gridcols="4" gridrows="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<tr box="[338,2239,393,425]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,393,425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">Specimen</th>
<th box="[845,924,393,425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">Stage</th>
<th box="[1182,1545,393,425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="516"># Maxillary alveoli</th>
<th box="[1830,2239,393,425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">Skull length (mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,448,481]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,448,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">AMNH 5664</th>
<td box="[845,924,448,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,448,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
15 (
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1238,1525,449,481]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,448,481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
678 (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1909,2112,449,481]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,484,517]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,484,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">ROM 1247</th>
<td box="[845,924,484,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,484,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">14 (pers. obs.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,484,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">(750) (pers. obs.)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,519,552]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,519,552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">USNM 12814</th>
<td box="[845,924,519,552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,519,552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
13 (
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1238,1525,520,552]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,519,552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
(795) (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1932,2135,520,552]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,553,587]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,553,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">TMP 83.36.100</th>
<td box="[845,924,553,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,553,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">15 (pers. obs.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,553,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">—</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,588,623]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,588,623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">CMN 2270</th>
<td box="[845,924,588,623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,588,623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">15 (pers. obs.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,588,623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">—</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,624,658]" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,624,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">CMN 12063</th>
<td box="[845,924,624,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,624,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">14 (pers. obs.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,624,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">—</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,661,693]" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,661,693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">AMNH 5336</th>
<td box="[845,924,661,693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">2</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,661,693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
13 (
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1238,1525,661,693]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,661,693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
(962) (
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1932,2218,661,693]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,697,730]" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,697,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">UA 10</th>
<td box="[845,924,697,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">3</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,697,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">13 (Currie, pers. comm.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,697,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">(900) (Currie, pers. comm.)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,733,765]" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,733,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">AMNH 5458</th>
<td box="[845,924,733,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">3</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,733,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">14 (pers. obs.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,733,765]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
990 (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1910,2113,733,765]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[338,2239,768,800]" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
<th box="[338,570,768,800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">CMN 2120</th>
<td box="[845,924,768,800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">3</td>
<td box="[1182,1545,768,800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">13 (pers. obs.)</td>
<td box="[1830,2239,768,800]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">1,000 (pers. obs.)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[195,1257,918,1703]" pageId="19" pageNumber="516">
It is evident that the distinct structural patterns of early and late ontogeny specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[679,777,1293,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
constrained their respective foraging behaviors, which in late ontogeny individuals appears specialized to grasp and hold live prey or to dismember a large carcass. Alternatively, the changes represent a reaction norm to the size of the skull, increased bite forces, and increased prey size. Nonetheless, it is not improbable that small and large animals differed in foraging strategy, consumption technique, and/ or prey type. Such size dependent differences are found in extant crocodilians (
<bibRefCitation author="Grenard, S." bookContentInfo="210 pp." box="[501,745,1625,1661]" journalOrPublisher="Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" refId="ref18843" refString="Grenard, S. 1991. Handbook of Alligators and Crocodiles. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 210 pp." title="Handbook of Alligators and Crocodiles" type="book" year="1991">Grenard, 1991</bibRefCitation>
) and monitor lizards (
<bibRefCitation author="Auffenberg, W." bookContentInfo="419 pp" journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Press, Gainsville" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" refId="ref18435" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1988. Gray's Monitor Lizard. University of Florida Press, Gainsville, 419 pp" title="Gray's Monitor Lizard" type="book" year="1988">Auffenberg, 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Auffenberg, W." bookContentInfo="560 pp." box="[406,489,1667,1703]" journalOrPublisher="University Press of Florida, Gainsville" pageId="19" pageNumber="516" refId="ref18456" refString="1994. The Bengal Monitor. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, 560 pp." title="The Bengal Monitor" type="book" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Ontogenetic Variation in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[653,835,1452,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[193,1259,1525,2478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
The growth series of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[602,780,1525,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
is divided into three stages; based on the optimal distribution of ontogenetic character states, the growth stages may be characterized as follows. Stage 1 specimens are the least mature, and display nascent ontogenetic states. Stage 2 specimens are typified by the presence of large marginal maxillary neurovascular foramina, a depressed interfenestral strut, an oblique caudal lacrimal suture of the jugal, a postorbital situated dorsal to the orbit floor, a spheroid occipital condyle, a deep surangular, a large and asymmetrical caudal surangular foramen, a lacrimal cornual process with one apex, a dorsolateral lamina of the lacrimal that is as deep as the antorbital fossa, a ventrally oriented and wide oval scar of the basisphenoid, and a deep scar ventrolateral to the glenoid of the surangular. Also, Stage 2 specimens may exhibit nascent Stage 1 features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[193,1259,1525,2478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">Stage 3 specimens are characterized by an antorbital fenestra in which the height approaches the length, an expansive rostrolateral surface of the maxilla, a convex rostral margin of the rostroventral lamina of the lacrimal, a deep maxillary process of the jugal, and elongate rostral processes of the dorsal ramus of the lacrimal. In Stage 3, all small Stage 1 features are transformed but large Stage 1 and Stage 2 features may be unmodified.</paragraph>
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167
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The holotype of
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(CMN 2120)
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="498" type="discussion">
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was first named
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[1306,1666,2390,2426]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Gorgosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, L. M." box="[1743,1984,2390,2426]" journalOrPublisher="The Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="158 - 164" part="28" refId="ref18970" refString="Lambe, L. M. 1914. On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon. The Ottawa Naturalist 28: 158 - 164." title="On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon" type="journal article" year="1914">Lambe (1914)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitation>
Its slender upper incisiform teeth distinguished it from the robust dentition of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">Deinodon horridus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Leidy, J." box="[1582,1784,2475,2511]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="72 - 73" part="8" refId="ref19018" refString="Leidy, J. 1856. Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8: 72 - 73." title="Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory" type="journal article" year="1856">Leidy, 1856</bibRefCitation>
from the equivalent Judith River Formation of Montana. Later,
<bibRefCitation author="Matthew, W. D. &amp; B. Brown" box="[1858,2355,2518,2554]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="367 - 385" part="46" refId="ref19205" refString="Matthew, W. D., and B. Brown. 1922. The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 46: 367 - 385." title="The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1922">Matthew and Brown (1922)</bibRefCitation>
showed that the type teeth of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[1803,1965,2560,2596]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Deinodon</taxonomicName>
and
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were indistinguishable, and that the two taxa likely were congeneric. However, the authors retained generic distinction in the absence of diagnostic skeletal material for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[1876,2040,2688,2724]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Deinodon</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[2061,2306,2688,2724]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, in agreement with
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[1580,1842,2730,2766]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref18815" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106: 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore (1946)</bibRefCitation>
, determined that the lectotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[1352,1548,2773,2809]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">D. horridus</taxonomicName>
, comprising two incomplete incisiform teeth, is indistinguishable from the Dinosaur Park material, and D. horridus is therefore a nomen dubium (for an opposing view, see
<bibRefCitation author="Sahni, A." box="[1305,1508,2900,2936]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="232 - 412" part="147" refId="ref19578" refString="Sahni, A. 1972. The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147: 232 - 412." title="The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana" type="journal article" year="1972">Sahni, 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[1304,2359,2348,3106]" lastBlockId="2.[199,1257,2115,3109]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="499" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1345,1588,2942,2978]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that
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and
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Albertosaurus sarcophagus
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H. F." box="[1735,1957,2985,3021]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref19390" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were congeneric on the basis of overall similarity, a position that is upheld herein on a phylogenetic systematic basis (see
<bibRefCitation author="Carr, T. D." bookContentInfo="358 pp." box="[1906,2090,3070,3106]" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" refId="ref18699" refString="Carr, T. D. 1996. Cranial osteology and craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Judith River Group, Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Alberta. M. Sc. thesis, University of Toronto, 358 pp." title="Cranial osteology and craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Judith River Group, Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Alberta" type="book" year="1996">Carr, 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2124,2356,3070,3106]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
was rediagnosed and distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[934,1192,2115,2151]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[200,445,2156,2192]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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FIGURE 1. Relative completeness of the skull and jaws of
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378323" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" specimenCode="FMNH PR308">FMNH PR308</materialsCitation>
(
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[322,671,1871,1903]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
) in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Skull length is 1,050 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[199,1257,2115,3109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
I agree with
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[464,707,2198,2234]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
that the types and referred material of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[346,525,2240,2276]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">G. libratus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[610,870,2240,2276]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
appear to be identical, and are different from specimens referred to
<taxonomicName authority="Maleev, 1955 b" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
Tyrannosaurus bataar
<bibRefCitation author="Maleev, E. A." box="[281,528,2323,2359]" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="634 - 637" part="104" refId="ref19145" refString="--------- 1955 b. [A giant meat-eating dinosaur from Mongolia.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 104: 634 - 637. [Russian.]" title="A giant meat-eating dinosaur from Mongolia." type="journal article" year="1955">Maleev, 1955b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[616,955,2323,2359]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
T. rex
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H. F." box="[725,955,2323,2359]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref19390" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. I also agree with
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, K." box="[200,473,2364,2400]" editor="N. Mateer &amp; P. J. Chen" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref18651" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America; pp. 250 - 268 in N. Mateer and P. J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing" title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter (1992)</bibRefCitation>
that discrete differences exist between the tyrannosaurid skulls from the Dinosaur Park and Horseshoe Canyon formations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[199,1257,2115,3109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
Ontogenetic changes to discrete morphological characters are based on specimens referred to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[739,917,2531,2567]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
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<specimenCode box="[386,500,2573,2609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">PR308</specimenCode>
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. Morphologically, this specimen is identical to the morphotype represented by
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[815,999,2615,2651]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
. Although the skull is considered representative of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[814,990,2656,2692]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1017,1247,2656,2692]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
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;
<bibRefCitation author="Paul, G. S." bookContentInfo="464 pp" box="[317,573,2698,2734]" journalOrPublisher="Simon and Schuster, New York" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" refId="ref19442" refString="Paul, G. S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 pp" title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide." type="book" year="1988">Paul, 1988:335</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, K." box="[598,869,2698,2734]" editor="N. Mateer &amp; P. J. Chen" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref18651" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America; pp. 250 - 268 in N. Mateer and P. J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing" title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter, 1992</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[874,989,2698,2734]" captionStart="Carpenter, 1992: Figure 1" captionStartId="14.[164,246,2518,2545]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Carpenter, 1992: Figure 1. The skull of Albertosaurus libratus with cranial terminology used in this paper." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843429/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">figs. 1,</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[1008,1055,2698,2734]" captionStart="Carpenter, 1992: Figure 2" captionStartId="15.[186,268,2285,2312]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Carpenter, 1992: Figure 2. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skulls: A- Tyrannosaurus rex AMNH 5027 (modified from Osborn, 1912); B - Tyrannosaurus bataar holotype PIN 551 - 1, with missing areas restored after PIN 551 - 3 and GI SPS 100 / 59 (from photographs, Maleev, 1974 and Barsbold, 1983); C- Maleevosaurus novojilovi holotype PIN 552 - 2 (modified from Maleev, 1974); D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus AMNH 5222, with lower jaws based on NMC 5600 and NMC 5601 (modified from photographs and Lambe, 1904); E - Albertosaurus libratus (modified from Russell, 1970); F-? Albertosaurus lancensis holotype CMNH 7541, composite of the left and right side (modified from photographs); G - Daspletosaurus torosus (modified from Russell, 1970 and photographs of NMC 8506). All drawn to scale; scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex = 10 cm " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843437/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">2E</figureCitation>
), the specimen is less complete (
<figureCitation box="[591,780,2739,2775]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[201,330,1833,1865]" captionTargetBox="[198,1240,270,1810]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Relative completeness of the skull and jaws of FMNH PR308 (Daspletosaurus torosus) in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Skull length is 1,050 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
) than usually shown. Also,
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<collectionCode box="[200,316,2781,2817]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">FMNH</collectionCode>
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has been focal in discussions of tyrannosaurid diversity, with specific reference to tooth size and number (
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Paul, G. S." bookContentInfo="464 pp" box="[482,664,2865,2901]" journalOrPublisher="Simon and Schuster, New York" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" refId="ref19442" refString="Paul, G. S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 pp" title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide." type="book" year="1988">Paul, 1988</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, every upper tooth and all but 13 dentary teeth are restored in plaster (pers. obs.), rendering the material basis of the former aspect moot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[199,1257,2115,3109]" lastBlockId="2.[1303,2354,280,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">The relationship between size and morphology has not been adequately studied in large theropods, and no attempt has been made to do so herein. This important question would best be answered by a quantitative and comparative study in the realms of biomechanics and functional morphology. The ontogenetic characters in this study were chosen cognizant of this issue. Thus, inclusive features of possible structural importance to the skull were avoided.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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I agree with
<bibRefCitation author="Paul, G. S." bookContentInfo="464 pp" box="[1570,1767,601,637]" journalOrPublisher="Simon and Schuster, New York" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" refId="ref19442" refString="Paul, G. S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 pp" title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: A Complete Illustrated Guide." type="book" year="1988">Paul (1988)</bibRefCitation>
and
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that
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</paragraph>
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is a junior subjective synonym of
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(contra
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhdestvensky, A. K." box="[1305,1680,685,721]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontological Journal" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="95 - 109" part="3" refId="ref19519" refString="Rozhdestvensky, A. K. 1965. Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy. Palaeontological Journal 3: 95 - 109." title="Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy" type="journal article" year="1965">Rozhdestvensky, 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1304,2357,601,929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
Both species are united by the absence of a lacrimal horn (
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, K." box="[1644,1916,726,762]" editor="N. Mateer &amp; P. J. Chen" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref18651" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America; pp. 250 - 268 in N. Mateer and P. J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing" title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter, 1992</bibRefCitation>
), inflated descending paroccipital process, transversely-oriented occipital plate, and rostrocaudally restricted basisphenoid recess, among other features. A more detailed treatment of tyrannosaurid systematics is forthcoming.
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Ontogenetic Variation in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1755,2138,1048,1083]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
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Premaxilla—The premaxilla of Stage 1 specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
is transversely narrow with a concave lateral margin, has a shallow alveolar process (
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), narrow maxillary process (
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), and the maxillary articular surface of the alveolar process is transversely narrow. The premaxillae of Stage 2 specimens are not distinctive. In Stage 3 specimens, the premaxillae are transversely broad in rostral view, which straightens the lateral margin of the bone.
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Maxilla—In small Stage 1 specimens (e.g.,
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</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1303,1487,1489,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the maxilla is transversely compressed. In large Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) in lateral view, the bone is thickened, and the slot for the maxillary process of the nasal is dorsolateral in position (1;
<figureCitation box="[1806,1934,1613,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). In small Stage 1 specimens, the margin of the antorbital fossa is sharply delimited, and its ventral margin may pass caudally in a concave arc, or is straight; in larger specimens, the rostroventral margin of the fossa grades into the textured bone surface (2;
<figureCitation box="[2116,2266,1780,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale. " figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E,</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[2285,2337,1780,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). In small specimens, the base of the interfenestral strut is flat, but is gently concave in large specimens (3;
<figureCitation box="[2064,2205,1864,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2229,2281,1864,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[1303,2360,1113,3108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
In Stage 1 specimens, the antorbital fenestra is longer than high (
<figureCitation box="[1407,1542,1947,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). The lateral surface is textured and incised by shallow neurovascular sulci, the ventral margin of the antorbital fossa is bounded by a low ridge (4), and the alveolar process is shallow (5;
<figureCitation box="[1551,1693,2072,2108]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1718,1770,2072,2108]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The vestibular bulla and passage of the subnarial foramen are laterally flat or transversely convex (6;
<figureCitation box="[1365,1492,2156,2192]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[1303,2360,1113,3108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
Also in Stage 1 specimens, the rostroventral foramen of the premaxillary process is small and the rostrodorsal foramen is a cleft-like, ventrally opening slit (
<figureCitation box="[1859,1991,2280,2316]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). The caudal foramen of the ventral row of foramina bears a caudal elongate sulcus, that does not leave the ventrolateral margin of the jugal process (7;
<figureCitation box="[1365,1505,2405,2441]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1528,1581,2405,2441]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The maxillary fenestra is positioned midway between the rostral margins of the antorbital fenestra and fossa, and is as long as deep or barely longer than high (8;
<figureCitation box="[2210,2351,2489,2525]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1306,1359,2530,2566]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The lateral surface separating the antorbital fossa and nasal suture is a shallow tab (9;
<figureCitation box="[1763,1905,2573,2609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1929,1981,2573,2609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). Finally, the promaxillary fenestra is a slit-like foramen within the rostral margin of the antorbital fossa (10;
<figureCitation box="[1768,1909,2655,2691]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1932,1982,2655,2691]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[2022,2246,2655,2691]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[1303,2360,1113,3108]" lastBlockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the maxilla is thickened laterally and bowed rostrally (11;
<figureCitation box="[2058,2184,2739,2775]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The rostrolateral surface is expanded rostrally and dorsoventrally (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) and its surface sculpturing is pronounced. The ventral margin of the antorbital fossa is either gently sigmoid or dorsally convex (
<figureCitation box="[1450,1576,2905,2941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The depression ventral to the antorbital fossa is shallow (12;
<figureCitation box="[1571,1697,2947,2983]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The maxillary fenestra is longer than high and approaches the rostral margin of the antorbital fenestra (13;
<figureCitation box="[1392,1522,3030,3066]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The promaxillary fenestra is recessed dorsally (14), and the lateral surface of the maxilla passes over the rostral margin of the antorbital fossa as a strut (15;
<figureCitation box="[1030,1156,280,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The rostroventral foramen of the premaxillary process is larger than the round rostrodorsal foramen. The ventral rim of the ventral jugal process is breached by the sulcus from the caudal foramen of the ventral row of foramina (16;
<figureCitation box="[806,933,447,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458), the rostrolateral surface of the bone is thickened, bowed, and expanded, displacing the articular surface for the nasal dorsally. The rostrolateral foramina are enlarged. The base of the interfenestral strut is concave, and the height of the antorbital fenestra approaches its length.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In medial view in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[541,718,739,775]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, shallow pneumatic excavations are present in the maxillary antrum in Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247;
<figureCitation box="[408,517,822,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
). The caudoventral excavation may be shallow or pocket-like (17;
<figureCitation box="[603,716,864,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
). The floor of the promaxillary antrum is crossed by a low ridge above the third alveolus. The palatal process has a strong rostrodorsal sigmoid curvature (18); its caudal surface is flat such that its dorsal surface is visible (19) and its ventral margin extends beneath the level of the medial alveolar process (20;
<figureCitation box="[699,878,1073,1109]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2I, J</figureCitation>
). The medial edge of the palatal process is cleaved by the articular surface for the palatine (21;
<figureCitation box="[417,585,1155,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2I, J</figureCitation>
). Also, the palatal process is transversely narrow; the tooth root bulges are low (22;
<figureCitation box="[976,1095,1197,1233]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
), and the interdental depressions are shallow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
Nasal—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the nasal is lightly built, and moderately or strongly vaulted rostrally (
<figureCitation box="[358,551,1364,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[571,671,1364,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A, C</figureCitation>
). The caudal plate expands slightly between the lacrimals (25;
<figureCitation box="[668,869,1405,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[895,945,1405,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5C</figureCitation>
). The lacrimal articular facet overlaps the dorsolateral edge of the bone (26;
<figureCitation box="[197,401,1489,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[427,478,1489,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5C</figureCitation>
). The dorsal surface of the nasal is irregular and bears rugosities, cusps, and bony papillae that interrupt the dorsal row of neurovascular foramina (
<figureCitation box="[860,991,1572,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 2 specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378341" box="[720,915,1614,1650]" collectionCode="ROM" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" specimenCode="ROM 4591" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[720,915,1614,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">ROM 4591</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the nasal is thickened rostrally and the ventral surface is not strongly vaulted. The caudal plate expands between the lacrimals. The medial frontal process may be absent in Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336). In Stage 3 specimens, the lateral margins of the caudal plate expand or are parallel (e.g., CMN 2120) between the lacrimals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
Lacrimal—In small Stage 1 specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378318" box="[1003,1242,1905,1941]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" specimenCode="TMP 86.144.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1003,1242,1905,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">TMP 86.144.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[241,421,1947,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the ventral process of the rostral ramus is absent (
<figureCitation box="[209,347,1989,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); in larger specimens (e.g., ROM 1247), the ventral process is incipient (25;
<figureCitation box="[618,748,2030,2066]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[773,826,2030,2066]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). In small Stage 1 specimens, the cornual process is a weak ridge with three apices and is shallower than the lacrimal pneumatic recess (26;
<figureCitation box="[1100,1233,2113,2149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). In large Stage 1 specimens, the cornual process projects rostrodorsally, bears two apices, and is as deep or deeper than the lacrimal pneumatic recess (27;
<figureCitation box="[731,877,2239,2275]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[902,955,2239,2275]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The lacrimal of Stage 1 specimens is T-shaped, with the supraorbital ramus projecting strongly behind the ventral ramus (28;
<figureCitation box="[966,1159,2321,2357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[1180,1233,2321,2357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). In larger specimens, the rostrolateral margin of the cornual process is eave-like, and dished above the lacrimal pneumatic recess (29;
<figureCitation box="[364,513,2447,2483]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[540,592,2447,2483]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). In large Stage 1 specimens the dorsolateral surface of the supraorbital ramus bears a strong shelflike ridge (30;
<figureCitation box="[449,593,2530,2566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[617,670,2530,2566]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In small Stage 1 specimens, the rostral ramus is divided into lateral and medial processes; the former is situated dorsal to the latter, so that the ramus is forked in lateral view (31;
<figureCitation box="[1099,1230,2655,2691]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). In larger Stage 1 specimens, the processes overlap in lateral view, losing the forked appearance (32;
<figureCitation box="[860,988,2738,2774]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). In small specimens, the lacrimal antorbital fossa of the dorsal ramus is fully exposed to view (33;
<figureCitation box="[563,697,2822,2858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). In larger specimens, the lateral external surface is extruded ventrally as a lamina, partly concealing the fossa in lateral view, creating a slot-like passage (31;
<figureCitation box="[272,418,2946,2982]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[441,494,2946,2982]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[190,1257,280,3108]" lastBlockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 1 specimens, the textured dermal surface and the smooth fossa surface merge at their juncture (32;
<figureCitation box="[1047,1181,3030,3066]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). In Stage 1 specimens, the rostral margin of the ventral ramus merges with the ventral lip of the lacrimal antorbital fossa (33;
<figureCitation box="[1304,1491,323,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1517,1571,323,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). Also, the rostral margin of the rostroventral lamina of the lacrimal is straight or concave in lateral view (34;
<figureCitation box="[1304,1495,405,441]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1515,1569,405,441]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The jugal articular surface of the rostroventral lamina exceeds that of the ventral ramus. The caudal margin of the jugal articular surface of the ventral ramus is subvertical (
<figureCitation box="[1317,1450,532,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the ventral process of the rostral ramus is developed, but is shorter than the dorsal process (35;
<figureCitation box="[1518,1646,656,692]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). The cornual process may be bulbous and has one apex (36;
<figureCitation box="[1628,1759,698,734]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). The ventral margin of the lateral lamina of the rostral ramus matches that of the lacrimal antorbital fossa (37;
<figureCitation box="[1570,1702,780,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). The caudal margin of the jugal articular surface of the ventral ramus slopes caudodorsally (38;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). This is also in
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1634,1806,864,900]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(39;
<figureCitation box="[1897,2025,864,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
) The rostral margin of the ventral ramus is embayed by the lacrimal antorbital fenestra (40;
<figureCitation box="[1496,1627,947,983]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., CMN 2120), both the dorsal and ventral processes of the rostral ramus are elongate (41;
<figureCitation box="[2215,2337,1030,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). The cornual process bears a single erect apex, situated above the ventral ramus (42;
<figureCitation box="[1693,1820,1115,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). The lateral surface around the lacrimal pneumatic recess is not dished (43;
<figureCitation box="[2059,2187,1155,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). The lacrimal antorbital fossa is attenuated rostrally by the lateral lamina (44;
<figureCitation box="[1459,1593,1239,1275]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). This condition is also seen in Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(45;
<figureCitation box="[1520,1651,1281,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1752,1851,1281,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1920,2098,1281,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, it is equivocal whether or not the lateral and medial laminae are fused ventrally; the specimen in which this is observed (CMN 2120) is mediolaterally crushed in this region (
<figureCitation box="[1949,2076,1405,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458), an edge separates the rostral margin of the ventral ramus from the lacrimal antorbital fossa. The rostral margin of the rostroventral lamina is convex in lateral view (46;
<figureCitation box="[1764,1876,1572,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig 3E</figureCitation>
) and the extent of its contact with the jugal is matched by that of the ventral ramus (47;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). This is also in Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1783,1958,1655,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1985,2110,1655,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
Jugal—In small Stage 1 specimens (e.g., TMP 86.144.1) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1304,1483,1739,1775]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the postorbital ramus is caudodorsally declined. In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247), the orbital margin is low and elongate (48;
<figureCitation box="[1610,1723,1822,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
) and the maxillary ramus of the jugal is straplike and shallow (49;
<figureCitation box="[1805,1920,1864,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). In larger Stage 1 specimens, the jugal pneumatic recess is a transversely narrow slit (
<figureCitation box="[1318,1510,1947,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
); its caudal edge may be united with that of the lacrimal (50;
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1544,1777,1989,2025]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation box="[1821,1958,1989,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1986,2038,1989,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). Infrequently, the caudal margin of the recess may be resorbed, exposing the rostral extent of the secondary fossa to lateral view (51;
<figureCitation box="[2219,2349,2072,2108]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1305,1358,2113,2149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
The caudal margin of the lacrimal articular surface is subvertical in lateral view (52;
<figureCitation box="[1774,1904,2197,2233]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1927,1980,2197,2233]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The articular surface for the postorbital is shallow and extends to the ventral orbital margin (53;
<figureCitation box="[1514,1646,2280,2316]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1670,1722,2280,2316]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The medial articular surface for the lacrimal is overlapping. The caudal margin of the postorbital ramus is sinuous or concave (54;
<figureCitation box="[1857,1986,2363,2399]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2006,2058,2363,2399]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The area ventral to the postorbital ramus is flat or convex in lateral view (55;
<figureCitation box="[1303,1431,2447,2483]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1452,1505,2447,2483]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). The transversely flat cornual process may be pronounced or its caudal margin may be low (56;
<figureCitation box="[2124,2256,2489,2525]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2282,2334,2489,2525]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). Finally, the quadratojugal articular surface passes rostrodorsally at or caudal to the midlength of the ventral process of the quadratojugal ramus, either horizontally or at a steep angle (57;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1361,1413,2655,2691]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the postorbital articular surface ends above the ventral margin of the orbit (58;
<figureCitation box="[1301,1419,2780,2816]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
), the caudal margin of the postorbital ramus is strongly convex or straight at midheight (59;
<figureCitation box="[1941,2050,2821,2857]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig 3J</figureCitation>
), and the cornual process is pronounced (60;
<figureCitation box="[1767,1885,2863,2899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1301,2360,280,3107]" lastBlockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="502" pageId="3" pageNumber="500">
In Stage 3 specimens, the maxillary ramus is dorsoventrally deep (61;
<figureCitation box="[1473,1607,2947,2983]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
). The caudal margin of the jugal foramen is resorbed, exposing the rostral margin of the secondary fossa (62;
<figureCitation box="[1381,1514,3030,3066]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
). The lateral surface at the base of the postorbital ramus is shallowly concave (63;
<figureCitation box="[1893,2032,3071,3107]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
). The caudodorsal margin of the jugal pneumatic recess merges with the lateral surface of the jugal beneath the lacrimal contact (64;
<figureCitation box="[1103,1233,324,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
). Finally, the caudal margin of the lacrimal articular surface slopes caudodorsally along an elongate and shallow lateral overlap (65;
<figureCitation box="[415,547,448,484]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" startId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[200,2365,3108,3253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
FIGURE 2. Growth series of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[651,975,3108,3140]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1754,2094,3145,3177]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus'</taxonomicName>
. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Postorbital—In lateral view, the postorbital of small Stage 1 specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[464,643,532,568]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
is a slender and delicate bone (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). The frontal ramus approaches the length of the squamosal and jugal rami (66;
<figureCitation box="[538,678,615,651]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). The squamosal ramus is slender and arched in lateral view (67;
<figureCitation box="[738,879,657,693]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). The cornual process is a low, striated depression at the caudodorsal margin of the orbit (68;
<figureCitation box="[375,520,740,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). The jugal ramus is elongate and slender (69;
<figureCitation box="[280,423,782,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
), and the jugal articular surface is shallow. The lateral surface of the jugal ramus bears dorsally arched sulci (70;
<figureCitation box="[276,415,865,901]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). The rostral and caudal margins of the jugal process are parallel in lateral view (71;
<figureCitation box="[849,990,907,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
) and reach the ventral margin of the orbit. In dorsal view, the dorsotemporal fossa is shallow and is not bounded rostrally by a ridge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
In large Stage 1 specimens, the ventral margin of the squamosal process is sinuous (72;
<figureCitation box="[714,848,1074,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
). In Stage 1 specimens, the dorsal margin of the bone tends to be vertically oriented (
<figureCitation box="[210,347,1157,1193]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). In large Stage 1 specimens, the incipient cornual process is a flattened, ear-like tab of bone with a horizontal ridge beneath its dorsal margin (75;
<figureCitation box="[849,987,1240,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
). The dorsally-arched sulci reach its rostral and caudal margins (74;
<figureCitation box="[1111,1236,1282,1318]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2P</figureCitation>
). The squamosal articular surface extends forward of the rostral margin of the laterotemporal fenestra. The frontal ramus is short in lateral view (76;
<figureCitation box="[537,669,1407,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
), and is broad in dorsal view with a moderately deep dorsotemporal fossa bounded by a low ridge rostrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
In Stage 2 specimens, the sulci of the jugal ramus are restricted rostral to its caudal margin (77;
<figureCitation box="[905,1029,1574,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
). The laterodorsal bone margin is everted medially (78;
<figureCitation box="[970,1100,1615,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
) and the bone ends above the orbit floor. The frontal ramus is stout and deep in lateral view (79;
<figureCitation box="[614,738,1699,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
). The cornual process is prominent (80). In Stage 3 specimens, the cornual process of the postorbital may be enlarged, consisting of a thick ridge separated by a deep crease from an enlarged caudoventral boss. This is also true for
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[459,634,1865,1901]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(81;
<figureCitation box="[730,856,1865,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3P</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Frontal—In large Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[194,373,1949,1985]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the orbital margin is within a vertical slot between the articular surfaces for the lacrimal and postorbital in lateral view (
<figureCitation box="[304,510,2032,2068]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Figs. 5A, C</figureCitation>
). The lacrimal notch is long and narrow in dorsal view (
<figureCitation box="[415,546,2073,2109]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The paired frontals are longer than wide (
<figureCitation box="[209,345,2115,2151]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). In Stage 1 specimens, the dorsotemporal fossa is shallow (
<figureCitation box="[353,487,2157,2193]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the fossa is deep. In Stage 1 specimens, the frontals are flattened to meet at the midline (
<figureCitation box="[623,759,2240,2276]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). In Stage 2 specimens, the frontals slope dorsomedially to their contact.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[995,1176,2323,2359]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the prefrontal articular surface is narrow in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Parietal—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of A. libratus, the nuchal crest is low in caudal view, only as deep as the dorsal process of the supraoccipital. The rostrodorsal surface of the crest is rugose laterally and the dorsolateral margin of the crest flares caudolaterally (
<figureCitation box="[760,891,2574,2610]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The sagittal crest is low (
<figureCitation box="[281,415,2615,2651]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the rostrodorsal margin of the nuchal crest is rugose to the midline and the dorsolateral margin is rugose caudally. The dorsal margin of the sagittal crest is concave in lateral view. In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458), the nuchal crest is tall, twice as deep as the dorsal process of the supraoccipital.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[191,1257,283,3109]" lastBlockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Basioccipital—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the occipital condyle is caudoventrally flattened and the lateral margins converge ventrally. The ventral surface of the basituberal web is flat and arches dorsally in caudal view. The surface beneath the occipital condyle is convex in frontal section and flares ventrally between the ascending scars (sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1304,1640,325,361]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Finally, the basal tuber is poorly developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the occipital condyle is spherical. The basal tuber forms a rugose block. In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458), the caudal surface of the basioccipital is concave ventral to the occipital condyle.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Basisphenoid—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1303,1479,616,652]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the basipterygoid process is flattened rostrolaterally, the basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are small and set above the ventral margin of the basipterygoid web. In lateral view, the ventral margin of the bone slopes at a low rostroventral angle such that the dorsal margin of the basipterygoid process does not project below the level of the caudoventral comer of the bone. The oval scar (sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Bakker, R. T. &amp; M. Williams &amp; P. J. Currie" box="[1835,2159,867,903]" journalOrPublisher="Hunteria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref18472" refString="Bakker, R. T., M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1 - 30." title="Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1988">Bakker et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
) is smooth, ventromedially oriented, and narrow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the oval scar is broad. In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458), the ventral margin of the basisphenoid descends steeply rostroventrally in lateral view such that the dorsal margin of the basipterygoid process extends ventral to the level of the caudoventral corner of the bone. The oval scar is laterally expanded, ventrally oriented, and dished.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Vomer—In lateral view, the vomer of Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1658,1833,1283,1319]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
has a horizontal ventral margin which curves gently caudoventrally, caudal to midlength (83;
<figureCitation box="[1306,1441,1366,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). A slender neck is present between the transverselyexpanded maxillary process and the dorsally deep body of the bone (82;
<figureCitation box="[1480,1614,1449,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the ventral margin curves strongly caudoventrally behind the midlength of the bone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Palatine—In small Stage 1 specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378357" box="[2105,2346,1574,1610]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" specimenCode="TMP 86.144.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[2105,2346,1574,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">TMP 86.144.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1351,1529,1615,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the caudalmost of the two pneumatic recesses in the lateral surface of the bone is rostrocaudally elongate and vertical struts are present on the medial wall of the rostral recess. The septum between the pneumatic recesses is narrow. Also, the palatine body is transversely compressed. In larger Stage 1 specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378372" box="[1737,1978,1825,1861]" collectionCode="USNM" httpUri="http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/30536dffc-0575-4604-9b1b-06f0c6dda68e" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" specimenCode="USNM 12814" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1737,1978,1825,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">USNM 12814</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the palatine is transversely inflated. In small Stage 1 specimens, the vomerine ramus is dorsoventrally shallow in lateral view; it is deep in larger Stage 1 specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
Surangular—In small Stage 1 specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378315" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" specimenCode="TMP 86.144.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode pageId="5" pageNumber="502">TMP 86.144.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1529,1712,2033,2069]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, there is no ridge lateroventral to the glenoid in lateral view and the caudal margin of the retroarticular process is concave. In small and larger Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247), the bone is shallow, such that the rostroventral margin is convex and slopes at a low angle caudoventrally (84;
<figureCitation box="[1390,1536,2241,2277]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1563,1613,2241,2277]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
). The intramandibular process is stout and deep, its ventral margin meets the rostroventral margin of the bone along a shallow curve, or is confluent (85;
<figureCitation box="[2124,2264,2324,2360]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2286,2335,2324,2360]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
). The rostral plate is externally flat (86;
<figureCitation box="[1965,2108,2366,2402]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2131,2181,2366,2402]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
). The surangular shelf slants rostroventrally (87;
<figureCitation box="[1985,2128,2408,2444]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2152,2199,2408,2444]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
) or horizontally; its lateral margin projects laterodorsally. The dorsomedial flange may be low and blade-like (88) or high (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378320" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" specimenCode="TMP 86.144.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode pageId="5" pageNumber="502">TMP 86.144.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) with a narrow shelf separating it from the surangular shelf, in which the insertion scar of M. adductor mandibulae extemus (
<bibRefCitation author="Molnar, R. E." box="[1465,1689,2616,2652]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica, A" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" pagination="137 - 176" part="217" refId="ref19337" refString="--------- 1991. The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex. Palaeontographica, A, 217: 137 - 176." title="The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex" type="journal article" year="1991">Molnar, 1991</bibRefCitation>
) is indistinct and confined medial to the surangular shelf (
<figureCitation box="[1596,1739,2657,2693]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1762,1812,2657,2693]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">
In large Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247), the surangular foramen is not deeply recessed caudodorsally (89;
<figureCitation box="[2200,2346,2741,2777]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1302,1353,2783,2819]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
). The fossa ventrolateral to the glenoid is shallow and smooth (90;
<figureCitation box="[1517,1661,2824,2860]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1684,1733,2824,2860]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5B</figureCitation>
). The caudal margin of the retroarticular process is straight to convex, such that the flange for the articular is weakly developed (
<figureCitation box="[1821,1967,2907,2943]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Figs. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1301,2362,283,3110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the bone is deep such that the rostroventral margin slopes at a steep angle caudoventrally. The ventral margin of the intramandibular process and rostroventral margin of the surangular meet at an angle.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1255,280,2066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">The surangular shelf passes horizontally, rostroventrally, or rostrodorsally, and its lateral margin projects horizontally. The surangular foramen is large and recessed. The sulcus lateroventral to the glenoid is dorsoventrally deep and rugose.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1255,280,2066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., CMN 2120), the intramandibular process is elongate and meets the rostroventral margin at an angle (91;
<figureCitation box="[377,506,530,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). The surangular shelf passes rostrodorsally (92;
<figureCitation box="[273,395,571,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) and the dorsomedial process is tall. The dorsolateral muscle scar is delimited rostrally by a sharply inset facet, which extends to the lateral surface of the surangular shelf (93;
<figureCitation box="[192,316,696,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). The caudal margin of the retroarticular process is concave.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1255,280,2066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Prearticular—In small Stage 1 specimens (e.g.,
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<specimenCode pageId="6" pageNumber="503">TMP 86.144.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[412,590,821,857]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the ventral portion of the articular surface of the angular is reduced and the lateral surface of the contact is aliform. In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247), the dorsal margin of the caudal ramus is restricted caudally (94;
<figureCitation box="[191,311,988,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
). The caudal ramus is shallow with parallel dorsal and ventral margins (95;
<figureCitation box="[556,678,1030,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
). The rostral lamina is strap-like (96) and pointed distally (97); its caudodorsal margin is smooth (
<figureCitation box="[204,325,1113,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
). In large Stage 1 specimens, the angular facet is flat and not aliform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1255,280,2066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., CMN 2120), the dorsal margin of the caudal ramus, with the adductor attachment surface, is shifted rostrally toward the mid-shaft (98;
<figureCitation box="[901,1033,1279,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
). The caudal ramus is deep such that the dorsal and ventral margins are gently convex and converge rostrally (99;
<figureCitation box="[816,946,1363,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
). The caudodorsal margin of the rostral lamina bears a rugose surface for muscle attachment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1255,280,2066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Dentary—In small Stage 1 specimens (
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<specimenCode box="[916,1184,1488,1524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">TMP 94.12.155</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[188,363,1529,1565]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the shallow dentary is as wide as it is deep. In larger Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247), the dentary is deeper than wide. The angular process is dorsoventrally shallow (
<figureCitation box="[1096,1225,1613,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). The symphyseal facet is flat and textured by stout caudodorsal bony papillae. The splenial articular surface is indicated by light, arcuate rostroventral ridges. The ventral bar beneath the Meckelian foramen is lightly rugose and rostroventrally excavated by a broad sulcus. Usually in tyrannosaurids the angular process is bifurcated by the external mandibular fenestra in lateral view; in ROM 1247 (
<figureCitation box="[639,766,1904,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) this emargination is absent on both sides. In Stage 2 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5336), the angular process is deep. In Stage 3 specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458), the symphyseal surface may be rugose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)</mods:title>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[192,570,2125,2160]" box="[192,570,2125,2160]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">Taxonomic Variation</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="503" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="6.[191,1252,2197,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Premaxilla—In rostral view, the premaxillae of the holotype (Stage 4) of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[399,572,2238,2274]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(
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<specimenCode box="[596,786,2238,2274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">CMN 8605</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) are fused by struts of bone at the base of the nasal process; however, it is possible that the trabeculae are pathological exostoses. In addition, “skirts” of bone extrude from the external margin of the alveoli, and the alveolar process is deep (see
<figureCitation box="[698,892,2404,2440]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="21.[196,376,577,609]" captionTargetBox="[194,2340,835,3026]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="APPENDIX 1. A genus-level comparison of tyrannosaurids: the growth changes of Albertosaurus libratus compared with the homologous characters in Daspletosaurus torosus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Abbreviations: aofen, antorbital fenestra; aofo, antorbital fossa; artic, articular; basis pn for, basisphenoid pneumatic foramen; cdrsl, caudodorsal; cnflt, confluent; cnvx, convex; corn, cornual; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; fen, fenestra; hrz, horizontal; intramnd, intramandibular; ltfen, laterotemporal fenestra; M. add mand ext, Musculus adductor mandibular pars externus; max, maxilla; occ con, occipital condyle; pn, pneumatic; po, postorbital; pr, process; qj, quadratojugal; rd, rostrodorsal; rv, rostroventral; sbn, subnarial; shllw, shallow; smth, smooth; sq, squamosal; surf, surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958119/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
<tableCitation box="[698,892,2404,2440]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="21.[196,376,577,609]" captionTargetBox="[194,2340,835,3026]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="APPENDIX 1. A genus-level comparison of tyrannosaurids: the growth changes of Albertosaurus libratus compared with the homologous characters in Daspletosaurus torosus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Abbreviations: aofen, antorbital fenestra; aofo, antorbital fossa; artic, articular; basis pn for, basisphenoid pneumatic foramen; cdrsl, caudodorsal; cnflt, confluent; cnvx, convex; corn, cornual; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; fen, fenestra; hrz, horizontal; intramnd, intramandibular; ltfen, laterotemporal fenestra; M. add mand ext, Musculus adductor mandibular pars externus; max, maxilla; occ con, occipital condyle; pn, pneumatic; po, postorbital; pr, process; qj, quadratojugal; rd, rostrodorsal; rv, rostroventral; sbn, subnarial; shllw, shallow; smth, smooth; sq, squamosal; surf, surface." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D46639FFBDFFCF76A6FDBFFBA4FCA8" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" tableUuid="D3D46639FFBDFFCF76A6FDBFFBA4FCA8">Appendix 1</tableCitation>
</figureCitation>
for a synoptic comparison of taxonomic variation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[191,1252,2197,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
In caudal view (
<figureCitation box="[509,642,2488,2524]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), the medial process of the premaxilla of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[315,495,2530,2566]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
has a pronounced dorsal flange (100), and there is a crest-like ridge that delimits the subnarial foramen ventrally (101;
<figureCitation box="[450,582,2613,2649]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[660,834,2613,2649]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
and Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1056,1152,2613,2649]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens, the maxillary process is broad, elongate, and flattened (
<figureCitation box="[206,379,2696,2732]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, I</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[470,571,2696,2732]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
the maxillary process broadly overlaps the medial edge of the maxillary process of the nasal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[191,1252,2197,3106]" lastBlockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Maxilla----In lateral view in Stage 4 specimens of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1077,1248,2780,2816]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378332" box="[292,487,2821,2857]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[292,487,2821,2857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the maxilla is thickened transversely, eliminating the depression ventral to the antorbital fossa, and the ventral floor of the fossa is ledge-like (102;
<figureCitation box="[915,1045,2904,2940]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The lateral surface sculpture is pronounced, with deep neurovascular sulci (103;
<figureCitation box="[292,423,2988,3024]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The nasal articular surface is displaced medially (104;
<figureCitation box="[296,431,3029,3065]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The vestibular bulla is swollen and convex in transverse section (105;
<figureCitation box="[599,727,3070,3106]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) and its foramina are separated by the rugose lateral surface. The lateral surface separating the antorbital fossa from the nasal suture is as deep as the fossa beneath it (106;
<figureCitation box="[1591,1728,363,399]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
). The articular surface for the nasal may be transversely broad, forming a deep peg-and-socket articulation (107;
<figureCitation box="[1570,1757,445,481]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G, K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
The alveolar process of the maxilla in
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[2035,2217,488,524]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
is deep and expanded; the dorsal and ventral margins gradually converge caudally (108;
<figureCitation box="[1665,1799,570,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Alveolar skirts are pronounced (109;
<figureCitation box="[1406,1545,613,649]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The first tooth is subincisiform and the succeeding teeth have subconical crowns. In contrast, the first tooth in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1464,1655,695,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
is incisiform (110;
<figureCitation box="[2040,2181,695,731]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
), and the crowns of successive teeth are labiolingually compressed. The ventral margin of the antorbital fossa passes caudally along a dorsally convex arc (102;
<figureCitation box="[1755,1892,820,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The antorbital fenestra is as tall as long (see
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1623,1848,863,899]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell 1970</bibRefCitation>
:fig. 6). The maxillary fenestra is rostrally elongate and dorsoventrally deep (110), forming a strut medial to the rostral fossa margin (
<figureCitation box="[2026,2168,945,981]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The promaxillary fenestra lies between these laminae and is dorsally recessed (111;
<figureCitation box="[1559,1695,1029,1065]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
In medial view in
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1663,1840,1070,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378378" box="[1959,2155,1070,1106]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1959,2155,1070,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the dental impressions are pit-like (112;
<figureCitation box="[1818,1955,1113,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). The dorsal margin of the maxillary antrum passes rostroventrally (113;
<figureCitation box="[2196,2338,1154,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1491,1672,1195,1231]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
the margin is horizontal, beneath which the maxillary fenestra is situated up to half of its height below (114;
<figureCitation box="[1397,1508,1279,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1590,1765,1279,1315]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal margin of the maxillary fenestra approaches (115;
<figureCitation box="[1734,1861,1320,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
) or extends to the dorsal margin of the antrum. The caudoventral excavation of the maxillary antrum is enlarged and deep (116;
<figureCitation box="[1908,2045,1404,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). The floor of the promaxillary recess is crossed by a strut above the third alveolus (117;
<figureCitation box="[1481,1616,1488,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
The palatal process is wide and bounded by a distinct medial ridge; its ventromedial margin passes above the ventral margin of the alveolar process (118;
<figureCitation box="[1815,1953,1613,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). The palatine articular surface is a dorsoventrally deep and flat facet (119;
<figureCitation box="[2202,2338,1654,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). The tooth root bulges are not visible caudally on the palatal process (120;
<figureCitation box="[1539,1665,1738,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig 2K</figureCitation>
). The interdental plates are enlarged but unfused (121;
<figureCitation box="[1539,1671,1779,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
); in some specimens (e.g., AMNH 3456) only the triangular apices of the rostral plates are visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Nasal—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1669,1845,1863,1899]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g., CMN 8506) and one
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimen (MOR 555), the caudolateral processes are extremely short (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1554,1791,1946,1982]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[1796,1892,1946,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[162,1903,574,1881]" targetPageId="24">fig. 6</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1983,2164,1946,1982]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the nasals are thickened dorsoventrally throughout their length. The caudal plate is over- and underlapped marginally by the lacrimal, and is constricted between the paired bones (122;
<figureCitation box="[2201,2340,2071,2107]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Caudal plate constriction is also seen in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[2016,2177,2113,2149]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
(e.g., PIN 551-2;
<bibRefCitation author="Maleev, E. A." box="[1422,1657,2154,2190]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" pagination="132 - 191" part="1" refId="ref19172" refString="--------- 1974. [Giant carnosaurs of the Family Tyrannosauridae.] [Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition] 1: 132 - 191. [Russian, English Summary]" title="Giant carnosaurs of the Family Tyrannosauridae." type="journal article" year="1974">Maleev, 1974</bibRefCitation>
:fig. 3). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1841,2019,2154,2190]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the lateral margins of the caudal plate are dorsally everted such that the tract rostral to it is dished (123;
<figureCitation box="[1671,1809,2238,2274]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). The medial frontal process is elongate (124;
<figureCitation box="[1555,1688,2280,2316]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionTargetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
In Stage 4 specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1761,1858,2321,2357]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(e.g., AMNH 5027), the caudal plate is reduced to an elongate rod by the medially expanded lacrimals (
<figureCitation box="[1480,1610,2404,2440]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) and the articular surface for the maxilla is a peg-and-socket contact (
<figureCitation box="[1745,1873,2446,2482]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Lacrimal—In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1590,1764,2488,2524]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378321" box="[1872,2065,2488,2524]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1872,2065,2488,2524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the cornual process is inflated dorsally and transversely (125;
<figureCitation box="[2095,2220,2530,2566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
), broadening its caudal frontal contact, and eliminating the shelf above the ventral ramus (126;
<figureCitation box="[1705,1831,2613,2649]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). This inflated condition is also seen in the homologous region of Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2069,2172,2654,2690]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens (
<figureCitation box="[1314,1535,2695,2731]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, E, I</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1626,1805,2695,2731]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the cornual process is twice as deep as the lacrimal pneumatic recess (127;
<figureCitation box="[2047,2219,2738,2774]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
). The Tshape of the bone is obscured by the inflated rostral and supraorbital rami (128;
<figureCitation box="[1623,1752,2820,2856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). The rostral margin of the ventral ramus is embayed by the lacrimal recess (129;
<figureCitation box="[2131,2261,2863,2899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). The lacrimal antorbital fossa and the lateral surface of the ventral ramus are sharply separated by the leading edge of the ventral ramus (129;
<figureCitation box="[1518,1708,2988,3024]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Figs. 3F, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[1296,2363,279,3106]" lastBlockId="8.[195,1257,284,2819]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
The lateral lamina of the rostral ramus appears to be fused with the medial lamina ventrally, rostral to the lacrimal pneumatic recess (45;
<figureCitation box="[500,673,284,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
). The dorsal process of the rostral ramus is elongate in contrast to the short ventral process (130;
<figureCitation box="[199,329,368,404]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). The ventral ramus is rostrocaudally broad beneath the dorsal ramus (
<figureCitation box="[441,567,409,445]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). The nasal articular surface is deep and over- and underlaps the bone (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378373" box="[715,911,450,486]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[715,911,450,486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
). The rostral margin of the rostroventral lamina is straight or convex (131;
<figureCitation box="[1111,1235,492,528]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). This condition is also in Stage 4 specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[986,1083,534,570]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1108,1234,534,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" startId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[194,2353,3028,3098]" lastBlockId="8.[199,2367,3002,3109]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">
FIGURE 3. Growth series of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[673,1008,3028,3060]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378381" box="[1715,1934,3028,3060]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" specimenCode="TMP 86.144.1">TMP 86.144.1</materialsCitation>
, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378336" box="[200,327,3002,3034]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="TMP 86.144.1">86.144.1</materialsCitation>
, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1291,1646,3002,3034]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus'</taxonomicName>
. lacrimals in lateral view (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378346" box="[2053,2226,3002,3034]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, F;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378324" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="TMP 85.62.1">TMP 85.62.1</materialsCitation>
, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR3 0 8, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[195,1257,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[237,618,575,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[645,911,575,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1016,1196,575,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
all possess lacrimal cornual processes, in which the cornual process projects rostrodorsally, the apex set rostral or dorsal to the ventral ramus. In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[500,676,700,736]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the rostral ramus is inflated such that the horn is not markedly offset in lateral view. The apex of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[243,504,784,820]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
is reduced, offset rostrally by a gentle emargination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[195,1257,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
In both species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[546,792,867,903]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
, there is no cornual process (
<figureCitation box="[211,427,909,945]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, E, I</figureCitation>
). Also, the dorsal ramus of Stage 4 specimens is inflated, such that the bone is not dished above the small lacrimal pneumatic recess (
<figureCitation box="[610,738,992,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[962,1060,992,1028]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens, it appears that the medial and lateral laminae of the rostral ramus are fused, and the surface of the latter is excavated laterally by the antorbital fossa and is pierced by two pneumatic foramina (
<figureCitation box="[369,496,1159,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[570,805,1159,1195]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[885,1058,1159,1195]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the ventral and dorsal rami meet at a right angle (
<figureCitation box="[851,1049,1200,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[200,327,3108,3140]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale. " figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958105/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[220,2360,254,3078]" targetPageId="2">Figs. 2G-K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1072,1158,1200,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale. " figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">3G-I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1180,1233,1200,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm. " figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">5A</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[253,500,1242,1278]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
, the ventral ramus meets the dorsal at an acute angle (
<bibRefCitation author="Molnar, R. E." box="[412,639,1284,1320]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica, A" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="137 - 176" part="217" refId="ref19337" refString="--------- 1991. The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex. Palaeontographica, A, 217: 137 - 176." title="The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex" type="journal article" year="1991">Molnar, 1991</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation box="[678,806,1284,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[195,1257,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Jugal—In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[425,604,1325,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
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<specimenCode box="[723,920,1325,1361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the cleft between the processes of the maxillary ramus curves caudodorsally in lateral view. In
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[455,631,1408,1444]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the cleft is horizontal in lateral view (132;
<figureCitation box="[300,418,1450,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). The antorbital and secondary fossae of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
are separated by a pronounced, rounded septum (133;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
) (except
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378312" box="[418,651,1534,1570]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="TMP 85.62.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[418,651,1534,1570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">TMP 85.62.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
). The caudal margin of the jugal pneumatic recess is rebsorbed, fully exposing the secondary fossa in lateral view (134;
<figureCitation box="[638,763,1617,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
). This condition also pertains to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[242,337,1659,1695]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[362,489,1659,1695]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). The postorbital articular surface is deep and braced ventrally by a bony shelf well dorsal to the ventral margin of the orbit (135;
<figureCitation box="[576,706,1742,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
). The bone is strut-like beneath the postorbital articular surface, producing a deep lateral concavity (136;
<figureCitation box="[415,546,1825,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
); a similar but less pronounced strut and depression are present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[641,887,1866,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
(e.g., AMNH 5027). The cornual process is prominent and transversely swollen (137;
<figureCitation box="[299,428,1950,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
). The quadratojugal articular surface passes rostrodorsally ahead of the midlength of the ventral process (138;
<figureCitation box="[197,323,2034,2070]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
). The medial articular surface for the lacrimal is braced ventrally by a ridge. Finally, the maxillary ramus is deepened at the level of the jugal pneumatic recess (139;
<figureCitation box="[1036,1164,2117,2153]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
) and the rostral extremity of the ramus is stout (except
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378352" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="TMP 85.62.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode pageId="8" pageNumber="505">TMP 85.62.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[195,1257,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
As in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[342,577,2241,2277]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[665,956,2241,2278]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus, Stage</taxonomicName>
4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1008,1254,2241,2277]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
specimens bear a low cornual process (
<figureCitation box="[855,1067,2283,2319]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, E, I</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1149,1245,2283,2319]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the contribution of the jugal to the antorbital fenestra is restricted between the maxilla and lacrimal (
<figureCitation box="[859,1046,2366,2402]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, E</figureCitation>
), unlike the extensive exposure in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[578,813,2408,2444]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[842,973,2408,2444]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1077,1254,2408,2444]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[210,443,2450,2486]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[448,541,2450,2486]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[162,1903,574,1881]" targetPageId="24">fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[195,1257,284,2819]" lastBlockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Postorbital—In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[526,705,2491,2527]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378356" box="[828,1025,2492,2528]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[828,1025,2492,2528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the cornual process may be enlarged to reach or project beyond the dorsal margin of the bone (81;
<figureCitation box="[621,748,2574,2610]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3P</figureCitation>
). The jugal ramus tapers to a point (140). In
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[447,623,2616,2652]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the distal margin of the jugal process is angular in lateral view (69;
<figureCitation box="[702,840,2658,2694]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[918,1091,2658,2694]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the bone terminates far above the ventral margin of the orbit. Also, a small suborbital prong is present (141;
<figureCitation box="[907,1047,2741,2777]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[194,324,3028,3060]" captionTargetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[213,2330,282,2980]" targetPageId="7">Fig. 3Q</figureCitation>
). In medial view, the articular surface for the jugal is bipartite and deeply slot-like. The dorsal articular surface for the squamosal terminates caudal to the rostral margin of the laterotemporal fenestra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1398,1497,367,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(e.g., AMNH 5027), a dorsal and ventral differentiation of the patch-like cornual process is evident. A rugosity is sometimes developed from its rostral half that proceeds caudally, and may bear a skirt-like ventral ridge (
<bibRefCitation author="Molnar, R. E." box="[2113,2347,492,528]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica, A" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="137 - 176" part="217" refId="ref19337" refString="--------- 1991. The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex. Palaeontographica, A, 217: 137 - 176." title="The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex" type="journal article" year="1991">Molnar, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1354,1602,534,570]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
, the suborbital prong is pronounced (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, E, I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Frontal—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1700,1873,617,653]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378382" box="[1980,2171,617,653]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1980,2171,617,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the paired frontals are as wide as long. In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1990,2166,659,695]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2257,2357,659,695]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the lacrimal notch is short rostrocaudally and transversely broad caudally (
<figureCitation box="[1470,1599,742,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1620,1851,742,778]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[1855,1947,742,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[162,1903,574,1881]" targetPageId="24">fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The frontal slopes ventromedially to meet its counterpart at the midline. The rostral margin of the dorsotemporal fossa extends rostrolaterally and is straightened (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1575,1811,867,903]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[1816,1906,867,903]" captionStart="Russell, 1970: Figure 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionText="Russell, 1970: Figure 7 Daspletosawus torosus, reconstruction of the skull in dorsal aspect, based on NMC 8506." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,1882,229,946]" targetPageId="25">fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
In Stage 4 specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1767,1864,908,944]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the nasal ramus is foreshortened and the dorsotemporal fossa is deep, producing a distinct transverse bar at its rostral margin (
<figureCitation box="[1891,2019,992,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). In some specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378350" box="[1404,1608,1033,1069]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="TMP 81.6.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1404,1608,1033,1069]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">TMP 81.6.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) the rostral fossa margin passes caudolaterally in dorsal view. Also in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1774,1870,1075,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the paired frontals are wider than each is long (
<figureCitation box="[1639,1776,1117,1153]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). The sagittal crest is concave in lateral view and the rostral extent of the crest is cleft sagittally in dorsal view (
<figureCitation box="[1572,1702,1200,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Prefrontal—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the prefrontal is stout, slightly longer than wide in dorsal view, and does not extend far rostral to the nasal process of the frontal in dorsal view (
<figureCitation box="[1809,1939,1367,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
In small Stage 1 and Stage 4 specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378367" box="[2157,2351,1408,1444]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[2157,2351,1408,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1350,1526,1450,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the prefrontal is several times longer than wide, reaching or extending beyond the nasal process of the frontal rostrally (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1465,1698,1534,1570]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[1703,1794,1534,1570]" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionText="Figure 7 Daspletosawus torosus, reconstruction of the skull in dorsal aspect, based on NMC 8506." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,1882,229,946]" targetPageId="25">fig. 7</figureCitation>
). In Stage 4 specimens, the proximal half of the bone is flat and transversely expanded (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[1394,1486,1618,1654]" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,1882,229,946]" targetPageId="25">fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1540,1642,1658,1694]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens, the prefrontal is exposed dorsally as a sliver of bone between the frontal, nasal, and lacrimal (
<figureCitation box="[1316,1447,1743,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Parietal—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1747,1935,1783,1819]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378307" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the nuchal crest is tall, rostrally-everted in lateral view, and dorsolaterally expanded (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1802,2037,1866,1902]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[2042,2150,1866,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[199,331,2967,2999]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na, FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[162,1903,574,1881]" targetPageId="24">figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[2172,2195,1866,1902]" captionStart="Russell, 1970: Figure 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionText="Figure 7 Daspletosawus torosus, reconstruction of the skull in dorsal aspect, based on NMC 8506." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,1882,229,946]" targetPageId="25">7</figureCitation>
). The lateral margins are deeply concave in caudal view. In lateral view, the dorsal margin of the keel-like sagittal crest is deeply concave rostrally. The lateral contact with the frontal is strengthened by a strong transverse ridge (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1894,2128,2033,2069]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[2133,2226,2033,2069]" captionStart="Russell, 1970: Figure 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionText="Figure 7 Daspletosawus torosus, reconstruction of the skull in dorsal aspect, based on NMC 8506." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,1882,229,946]" targetPageId="25">fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1534,1632,2075,2111]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens, the nuchal crest may be rostrocaudally thick and bears a flat and rugose dorsal platform (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8C, E, G, I</figureCitation>
). The sagittal crest is transversely thick (
<figureCitation box="[2201,2332,2158,2194]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[197,327,1679,1711]" captionTargetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Immature bone grain on the lateral surface of the antorbital fossa of the maxilla (A; reversed), jugal (B), surangular (C), and the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal (D) of an early ontogeny Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Skull length is 572 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[210,2334,264,1638]" targetPageId="17">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Supraoccipital—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1303,1484,2241,2277]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the suture with the otoccipital is deeply interdigitating. In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1604,1777,2283,2319]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378375" box="[1887,2077,2283,2319]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1887,2077,2283,2319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2174,2271,2283,2319]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(e.g., TMP 81.6.1), the suture with the otoccipital may be coalesced. In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1514,1618,2365,2401]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal ramus of the supraoccipital is divided into two processes separated by deep muscle insertions (
<figureCitation box="[1318,1453,2449,2485]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
), possibly for M. splenius capitis (pers. obs. of Dromaius novaehollandiae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1302,2368,284,2819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Basioccipital—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1800,1976,2533,2569]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378380" box="[2089,2284,2533,2569]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[2089,2284,2533,2569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the basioccipital is broadly exposed on the floor of the foramen magnum between the exoccipitals. The ventral surface of the basituberal web is blade-like, as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1905,2004,2657,2693]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
. The basituberal web may be horizontal in caudal view. The basioccipital is excavated by a deep pit ventral to the neck of the occipital condyle. The basal tuber may be elaborated into a rugose block.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" startId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[195,2352,2838,3056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">
FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones:
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1103,1437,2838,2870]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view.
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1401,1750,2913,2945]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
vomer (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378363" box="[1883,2056,2913,2945]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378368" box="[423,598,2950,2982]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378364" box="[1192,1366,2950,2982]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, G) in lateral view, angular (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378314" box="[1822,1996,2950,2982]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378305" box="[385,555,2988,3020]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[421,516,283,319]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(e.g., AMNH 5027), the subcondylar recess is shallow (
<figureCitation box="[404,542,324,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
), induced by the transversely broad and inflated paroccipital region. The recess is occupied by the small, oval basioccipital pneumatic foramen, that pierces the dorsolateral comer of the bone next to the basioccipital-otoccipital suture (
<figureCitation box="[323,456,490,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Unlike the arcuate suture of other tyrannosaurids, the otoccipital-basioccipital suture of the occipital condyle of the topotype and a referred specimen (ROM 12790) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[994,1252,615,651]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
is angular in caudal view. The basioccipital separates the otoccipitals from the midline of the condyle by a triangular process. However, the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[622,881,740,776]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
displays the condition typical of other tyrannosaurids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Basisphenoid—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[695,869,824,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378333" box="[979,1171,824,860]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[979,1171,824,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the rostral margin of the cultriform process curls medially to enclose the space between itself and the rostral surface of the bone. The ventral margin of the bone descends steeply rostroventrally. The basipterygoid facet faces rostrally. The basisphenoid foramina are dorsoventrally elongate and taper dorsally; they are positioned high within the basisphenoid recess. Contra
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[195,434,1115,1151]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, the presence of a single median pneumatic foramen in the holotype (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378304" box="[586,777,1157,1193]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[586,777,1157,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) is doubtful; the left wall of the recess is crushed medially, obscuring the region of the left foramen completely. In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378349" box="[607,857,1240,1276]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="PR308" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[607,725,1240,1276]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">FMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[742,857,1240,1276]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">PR308</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, the lateral margins of both foramina and a fragment of the median septum between them are visible, the recess in this specimen is otherwise filled with matrix. Further preparation of both specimens is required to clarify structural details.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[439,620,1448,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the oval scar may bear a strongly rugose surface that is convex in transverse section and passes uninterrupted onto the basal tuber. In
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378302" box="[849,1095,1532,1568]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="PR308" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[849,968,1532,1568]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">FMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[985,1095,1532,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">PR308</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
the oval scar is dished and rugose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[425,524,1615,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g., AMNH 5027), the rostral plate of the bone is rotated caudally to contact the rostral surface of the basioccipital, eliminating the basisphenoid recess (
<figureCitation box="[207,321,1740,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
). Also, the basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are small and their dorsal margins are at the level of the basioccipital (
<figureCitation box="[207,402,1823,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8A, G</figureCitation>
). The oval scar is concave with a rough surface (
<figureCitation box="[207,409,1865,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8 A, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[366,638,1906,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
specimens CMN 5600 and TMP 86.64.1, each basisphenoid pneumatic foramen lies within a distinct fossa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Laterosphenoid—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[246,432,2073,2109]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the caudolateral surface is broadly convex in transverse section and gently excavated ventral to the dorsotemporal fossa. The rostrolateral margin is poorly developed, such that the profundus branch of the trigeminal nerve (N. trigeminus) (V) exits rostrally (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[606,840,2240,2276]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[423,597,2281,2317]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378322" box="[894,1087,2281,2317]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[894,1087,2281,2317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the caudolateral surface is interrupted by a strong, sharp-edged ledge that separates the dorsotemporal fossa from the rostrolateral surface of the bone. The strut-like rostrolateral margin of the bone displaces the exit for the profundus branch of N. trigeminus (V) caudolaterally (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[609,843,2490,2526]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Vomer—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[580,753,2531,2567]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378353" box="[1044,1235,2532,2568]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1044,1235,2532,2568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the ventral margin is deep, eliminating the neck-like region in lateral view (142;
<figureCitation box="[513,645,2615,2651]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[731,908,2615,2651]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[997,1178,2615,2651]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the maxillary process is expanded and parallel-sided unlike that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[199,446,2698,2734]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
, which is diamond-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[954,1094,2698,2734]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H. F." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19419" refString="--------- 1912. Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1: 1 - 30." title="Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus" type="journal article" year="1912">Osborn, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Ectopterygoid—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[195,371,2823,2859]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the ectopterygoid is dorsoventrally compressed with small, slit-like pneumatic foramina (143;
<figureCitation box="[897,1028,2864,2900]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The muscle scar on the jugal ramus is caudodorsal in position (144;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[193,1256,283,3108]" lastBlockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[418,590,2989,3025]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[675,771,2989,3025]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, the ectopterygoid is inflated (145;
<figureCitation box="[295,425,3030,3066]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[446,498,3030,3066]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">8A</figureCitation>
), with enlarged, rounded pneumatic foramina (146;
<figureCitation box="[302,455,3072,3108]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[484,535,3072,3108]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">8A</figureCitation>
). The muscle scar on the jugal ramus is broad and swollen, and faces ventrally to flank the lateral pneumatic foramen (147;
<figureCitation box="[1665,1800,324,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1889,1988,324,360]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(e.g., MOR 555), the bone is transversely elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Palatine—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1716,1891,407,443]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g., CMN 8506), the caudal pneumatic recess is round and there is a broad separation between the recesses. These are also present in the skull of the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1520,1788,532,568]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
, CMN 5600. In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[2100,2282,532,568]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the palatine is transversely inflated, a condition seen in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
specimens CMN 5600 and CMN 5601. The palatine is inflated in Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1671,1770,657,693]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g., AMNH 5027).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Surangular—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1780,1957,698,734]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the surangular may be deep (148;
<figureCitation box="[1500,1634,740,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). The intramandibular process is deep and stout and meets the rostroventral margin of the surangular at a very low angle or is confluent with the rostroventral margin (149;
<figureCitation box="[1405,1540,865,901]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). The rostral plate is laterally convex (150;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). The dorsomedial flange may be low or dorsally expanded (151;
<figureCitation box="[1409,1548,948,984]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). The dorsolateral muscle scar may be rugose rostrally. The surangular shelf is depressed over the surangular foramen (152;
<figureCitation box="[1560,1694,1031,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). This condition is also in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2171,2273,1031,1067]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
. The surangular foramen is large and deeply recessed (153;
<figureCitation box="[2211,2341,1073,1109]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). The fossa ventrolateral to the glenoid may be dorsoventrally deep or is a rugose pocket (154;
<figureCitation box="[1872,2007,1156,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). The caudal margin of the retroarticular process is concave with a caudoventrally projecting heel (155;
<figureCitation box="[1666,1799,1240,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
The surangular of Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1810,1912,1280,1316]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens is deep with a subvertical rostral margin and transversely convex rostral plate (
<figureCitation box="[1314,1444,1365,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). The dorsomedial flange is low, and the muscle scar lateral to it is rugose. A deep rugose pocket is present lateroventral to the glenoid (
<figureCitation box="[1711,1841,1448,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Angular—In Stage 1 specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1948,2127,1490,1526]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the bone extends caudal to the surangular foramen (
<figureCitation box="[2003,2138,1531,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" captionTargetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite (AMNH 5664, CMN 11315, ROM 1247, TMP 91.36.500, USNM 12815) early ontogeny (large Stage 1) skull and jaw of Albertosaurus libratus in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. Skull length approximately 750 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[285,2261,281,2791]" targetPageId="13">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). The dorsolateral scar passes medial to the caudal plate as a rugose sulcus (156;
<figureCitation box="[1405,1541,1615,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). The ventral margin of the rostral process and caudal plate forms a relatively continuous, convex ventral margin (157;
<figureCitation box="[1469,1602,1698,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4 specimens of
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1771,1949,1740,1776]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the caudal plate of the bone is dorsoventrally deep (158;
<figureCitation box="[1869,1981,1781,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
) and may be restricted rostral to the surangular foramen when in articulation (
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation box="[1394,1483,1864,1900]" captionStartId="13.[199,329,2831,2863]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749568/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[171,1920,736,1302]" targetPageId="22">fig. 5</figureCitation>
). It extends caudally in
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378360" box="[1884,2124,1864,1900]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="PR308" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1884,2003,1864,1900]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">FMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[2014,2124,1864,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">PR308</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation box="[2150,2239,1864,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[201,330,1833,1865]" captionTargetBox="[198,1240,270,1810]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Relative completeness of the skull and jaws of FMNH PR308 (Daspletosaurus torosus) in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Skull length is 1,050 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958103/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">Fig 1</figureCitation>
; contra
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1302,1536,1906,1942]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
). The dorsolateral scar that passes medial to the caudal flange is strongly pronounced and rugose (159;
<figureCitation box="[2227,2340,1948,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Finally, the rostral process is flexed dorsally relative to the caudal plate (160;
<figureCitation box="[1563,1677,2031,2067]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1536,1635,2073,2109]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
specimens, the angular is deep, the rostral process is flexed relative to the caudal plate (
<figureCitation box="[2075,2203,2114,2150]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
), extends caudal to the surangular foramen (
<figureCitation box="[1888,2017,2155,2191]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[191,323,2848,2880]" captionTargetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[229,2348,284,3012]" targetPageId="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[2040,2273,2155,2191]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref19547" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 30." title="Tyrannosaurs From the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
), and the dorsomedial scar is a pronounced ridge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Prearticular—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1801,1981,2239,2275]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal margin of the deepened caudal ramus is rostral in position and may be developed into a strong keel (161;
<figureCitation box="[1892,2021,2322,2358]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
); its dorsal and ventral margins may be straightened as they taper rostrally (161;
<figureCitation box="[1304,1438,2405,2441]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
). The distal margin of the paddle-like rostral lamina (162) may be convex (163;
<figureCitation box="[1790,1934,2447,2483]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[196,326,2838,2870]" captionTargetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3958111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[214,2338,522,2798]" targetPageId="9">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
). These features are also present in Stage 4
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1626,1724,2489,2525]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(e.g., AMNH 5027).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Splenial—In Stage 1 specimens (e.g., ROM 1247) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the rostral extent of the articular surface for the dentary is flat and forms a peg-and-socket contact at its rostral extent. In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1504,1683,2655,2691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378347" box="[1804,2002,2655,2691]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1804,2002,2655,2691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
), the lateral articular surface for the dentary is reinforced by arcuate, interleaving ridges that fit into corresponding slots in the dentary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[1300,2367,282,3107]" lastBlockId="11.[195,1256,279,441]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">
Dentary—In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1724,1900,2780,2816]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378374" box="[2016,2212,2780,2816]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[2016,2212,2780,2816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="507">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
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), the angular process is dorsoventrally deep. In medial view, the symphysis may be contained rostrally between the rostromedially extending lateral surface and caudally by a pronounced bony ridge. The symphyseal surface is lightly rugose. The articular surface for the splenial extends rostrally, indicated by strong rostroventral ridges and slots. Two to four foramina are present (instead of one or two in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1748,1931,3071,3107]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
) at the rostral end of the Meckelian canal. The ventral bar beneath the Meckelian foramina is extremely rugose and transversely convex, obliterating the ventrally passing sulcus. In addition, a low eminence is present at the rostral end of the ventral bar as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1035,1134,405,441]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[196,360,501,536]" box="[196,360,501,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">Dentition</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[196,1257,574,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
In Stage 1 and Stage 3 specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[909,1094,574,610]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the first maxillary tooth is incisiform. In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[924,1104,616,652]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
the first tooth is subincisiform, modified by labiolingual thickening of the tooth. In Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[559,738,699,735]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, the maxillary teeth are labiolingually compressed and blade-like. The fourth maxillary tooth has a crown width/length ratio of 0.52 (ROM 1247); in Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[227,401,824,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the teeth are thicker—the crown width/length ratio of the fourth tooth is 0.77 (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378366" box="[649,842,866,902]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[649,842,866,902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[917,1091,866,902]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the thick maxillary dentition likely increases the depth and width of the alveolar region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[196,1257,574,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">
In Stage 1
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[431,613,990,1026]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, all of the dentary teeth are labiolingually narrow, except for the first. The width/length ratio for the crown of the fourth dentary tooth is 0.5 (ROM 1247); the width/length ratio increases caudally, reaching 0.71 at the 14th tooth. In Stage 4
<taxonomicName authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[489,663,1158,1194]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">D. torosus</taxonomicName>
, the mesial dentary teeth are labiolingually thick. The crown width/length ratio of the fourth tooth ranges from 0.7 (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396378355" box="[496,691,1240,1276]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="11" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CMN 8506" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[496,691,1240,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="508">CMN 8506</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
) to 0.9 (CMN 11594); the distal teeth are also wide, the ratio is 0.73 (CMN 8506).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="A40CC17F6C7C86D9013A235D49C2C4E5" ID-CoL="7HHWD" LSID="0F02E8DB-F14E-5023-98C5-5C00A2293FEE" authority="Barr, 1979" authorityName="Barr" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaphaenops tellkampfii subsp. viator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tellkampfii" subSpecies="viator">Neaphaenops tellkampfii viator Barr, 1979</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8B610D7A52369B5AD7BA1E0B20DD8C37" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tellkampfi" subSpecies="viator">Neaphaenops tellkampfi viator</taxonomicName>
Barr, 1979a: 7. Type locality: &quot;Brush Creek Cave, 0.8 mile east and slightly north of Lobb on the west side of Brush Creek, in western Green County, Kentucky&quot; (original citation). Holotype (♂) in AMNH [# 1417].
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<paragraph id="74431D974B03104909EB1B0C0651E7C1" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DC1D5936C0C1D52352A411590AF7B76" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">This subspecies is known from several caves in Green, Hart, and Metcalfe Counties in central and southern Kentucky (Barr 1979a: 8).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3E3F96F1A029AE923070FDA9362153" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Records.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1A140ACAEFD4DAC515A5270F809A629A" bold="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">USA</emphasis>
: KY
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60
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(
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: The new genus lacking swimming plates at metatibia and metatarsus degenerated is allied to
<taxonomicName id="40AA34CA127FBF4DCA5B895BFEE6FC09" authority="Cao, Chen &amp; Yin, 2019" authorityName="Cao, Chen &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tridactylidae" genus="Paraxya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCA5B895BFADEFCE2" box="[1288,1378,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Paraxya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33B32B8127FBF4DCA38895BFEE6FC09" author="Cao, C. - Q. &amp; Chen, S. - Z. &amp; Yin, Z." pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="193 - 195" refId="ref998" refString="Cao, C. - Q., Chen, S. - Z. &amp; Yin, Z. (2019) A new genus and a new species of pygmy mole cricket in Cretaceous amber from Burma (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae). Zootaxa, 4559 (1), 193 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4559.1.12." type="journal article" year="2019">Cao, Chen &amp; Yin, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from latter by length of head and pronotum longer than tegmen, tegmen with Sc vein and R vein, length of metatibia 2.3 times length of apical spurs and 8
<superScript id="70DFE201127FBF4DCC6189A5FC82FC21" attach="left" box="[818,830,930,944]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
segment of antennae not narrow in base. The new genus is also allied to
<taxonomicName id="40AA34CA127FBF4DCE6C89CFFDB2FC71" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[319,526,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Tridactylidae" genus="Xya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCE6C89CFFED4FC4E" box="[319,360,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Xya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33B32B8127FBF4DCE3C89CFFDB2FC71" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[367,526,968,992]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="383" refId="ref1295" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1809) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, Paris Histtoire Naturelle Crustaces. Insectes, 4, 383." type="journal article" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from latter by the metatibia lacking swimming plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB01CC2127FBF4DCF9489EDFB4DFB95" box="[199,1265,1002,1028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="87154F49127FBF4DCF9489EDFB4DFB95" blockId="0.[151,1437,791,1028]" box="[199,1265,1002,1028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCF9489EDFEEEFB95" bold="true" box="[199,338,1002,1028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new genus is name
<collectingRegion id="456E81AB127FBF4DCD3589EDFD1FFB95" box="[614,675,1002,1028]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="40AA34CA127FBF4DCDFD89EDFCB1FB95" authorityName="Cao &amp; Yang &amp; Shen &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2021" box="[686,781,1002,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Tridactylidae" genus="Tibetxya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCDFD89EDFCB1FB95" box="[686,781,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Tibetxya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing the new genus from
<collectingRegion id="456E81AB127FBF4DCB0D89EDFB27FB95" box="[1118,1179,1002,1028]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFBD0FD9127FBF4DCBF589EDFB51FB95" box="[1190,1261,1002,1028]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

155
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<mods:title id="423656250540C29E01A4BF339FCC91E0">A new genus and a new species of pygmy mole cricket from China (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)</mods:title>
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<heading id="DC5DF825127FBF4DCFC48E52FCA3FBE1" bold="true" box="[151,799,1109,1136]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="40AA34CA127FBF4DCFC48E52FE33FBE1" ID-CoL="8QHZ3" authority="Cao &amp; Yang &amp; Shen &amp; Yin, 2021" authorityName="Cao &amp; Yang &amp; Shen &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,399,1109,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Tridactylidae" genus="Tibetxya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="motuoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCFC48E52FE33FBE1" bold="true" box="[151,399,1109,1136]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Tibetxya motuoensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEED2E20127FBF4DCEC58E51FE48FBE1" box="[406,500,1110,1136]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9153CC127FBF4DCD578E51FD3EFBE1" box="[516,642,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[166,1421,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1. A–E Tibetxya motuoensis gen. and sp. nov. A. Antennae; B. Body lateral view; C. Tegmen; D. Head, pronotum and tegmen; E. hind wing; F. Xya sichuanensis Cao, Shi &amp; Yin, 2018, metatibia; G. Paraxya hui Cao, Chen &amp; Yin, 2019 Body lateral view (after Cao et al, 2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141247/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Fig.1 A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F9153CC127FBF4DCDDC8E51FCABFBE1" box="[655,791,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[261,1318,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[244,1343,180,1918]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 Tibetxya motuoensis gen. and sp. nov. A. Holotype Body, dorsal view♂; B. Head frontal view♀; C. Epiproct♂; D. End of abdomen dorsal view♂; E. Body lateral view♀; F. End of abdomen ventral view♀; G. Subgenital plate♀; H. Subgenital plate♂." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141249/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Fig. 2 A–H</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFB01CC2127FBF4DCFC48E7BFEA0F921" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87154F49127FBF4DCFC48E7BFF62FB4D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<materialsCitation id="37C24514127FBF4DCFC48E7BFF62FB4D" country="China" county="Motuo County" latitude="29.566668" location="Motuo Town" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="95.583336" municipality="Leshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Xizang" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCFC48E7BFF43FB05" bold="true" box="[151,255,1148,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<typeStatus id="5811F1EB127FBF4DCFC48E7BFF43FB05" box="[151,255,1148,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: male,
<typeStatus id="5811F1EB127FBF4DCE068E7BFE0DFB05" box="[341,433,1148,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female,
<collectingRegion id="456E81AB127FBF4DCD408E7BFDDFFB05" box="[531,611,1148,1172]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Xizang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="6E7437C5127FBF4DCD228E7BFCAEFB05" box="[625,786,1148,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Motuo County</collectingCounty>
,
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,
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,
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,
<date id="F3146989127FBF4DCBDD8E7BFA99FB05" box="[1166,1317,1148,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" value="2017-08-14">2017-VIII-14.</date>
leg. Xiao-
<location id="82751992127FBF4DCFC48EA7FF6EFB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F03FE5F127FBF4DCFC48E52FC49F945:82751992127FBF4DCFC48EA7FF6EFB29" box="[151,210,1184,1208]" country="China" county="Motuo County" latitude="29.566668" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="95.583336" municipality="Leshan" name="Long" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Xizang">Long</location>
, Wang. Type specimens are deposited in the
<location id="82751992127FBF4DCDE48EA7FC06FB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F03FE5F127FBF4DCFC48E52FC49F945:82751992127FBF4DCDE48EA7FC06FB29" box="[695,954,1184,1208]" country="China" county="Motuo County" latitude="29.566668" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="95.583336" municipality="Leshan" name="College of Life Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Xizang">College of Life Science</location>
,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6771D533127FBF4DCBA28EA7FA82FB29" box="[1265,1342,1184,1208]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Leshan</collectingMunicipality>
614004,
<collectingCountry id="FFBD0FD9127FBF4DCFC48EC3FF66FB4D" box="[151,218,1220,1244]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">China</collectingCountry>
.
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<paragraph id="87154F49127FBF4DCF948EE1FB25F9B1" blockId="0.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCF948EE1FEB8FA91" bold="true" box="[199,260,1254,1280]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Male</emphasis>
Head black with a yellow band along inner margin of eye. Width of vertex 1.2 times diameter of eye. Antennae black, 10 segments, 8
<superScript id="70DFE201127FBF4DCE888F0DFE54FA89" attach="left" box="[475,488,1290,1304]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
segment of antennae not narrow in base. Ocellus somewhat larger, placed the lower 1/3 place of eye. Length of head and pronotum longer than tegmen. Pronotum black, with a yellow band from lateral margin to posterior angle. Fore wing black with Sc vein and
<collectionCode id="E1BBD78C127FBF4DCC198F55FCE1FAFD" box="[842,861,1362,1388]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">R</collectionCode>
vein. Hind wing longer, extending over the end of cercus, fore margin black, other part pale. veins black. Fore leg yellow, mid leg brown, with yellow band at base and apex. Femur of hind leg black, with a yellow marking on upper side and knee. Metatibia yellowish-brown, with a small white marking near base, upper margin smooth, length of metatibia 2.3 times length of apical spurs, lacking swimming plates, metatarsus degenerated. Abdominal tergum black, and sternum black, with white band. Cercus dark. Stylus dark, base yellow. Epiproct black, upper margin with deep notch in the middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87154F49127FBF4DCF948C2DFD0DF9F9" blockId="0.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCF948C2DFEA2F9D5" bold="true" box="[199,286,1578,1604]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Female</emphasis>
Body larger than the male. Hind wing shorter, reaching to end of cercus. 8
<superScript id="70DFE201127FBF4DCB048C2DFBD8F9A9" attach="left" box="[1111,1124,1578,1592]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
sternum with a longitudinal sulcus in the middle. Other as same as the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87154F49127FBF4DCF948C75FEA0F921" blockId="0.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCF948C75FED7F91D" bold="true" box="[199,363,1650,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Measurement</emphasis>
(in mm): Length of body:
<specimenCount id="91AC84C0127FBF4DCDC98C75FD13F91D" box="[666,687,1650,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
4.9,
<specimenCount id="91AC84C0127FBF4DCDB48C75FD4BF91C" box="[743,759,1650,1677]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
5.5. Length of tegmina:
<specimenCount id="91AC84C0127FBF4DCB5F8C75FB9DF91D" box="[1036,1057,1650,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.3,
<specimenCount id="91AC84C0127FBF4DCB0A8C75FBD5F91D" box="[1113,1129,1650,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.4. Length of hind femora
<specimenCount id="91AC84C0127FBF4DCFC48C91FF10F921" box="[151,172,1686,1712]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
3.3,
<specimenCount id="91AC84C0127FBF4DCF8E8C91FF51F921" box="[221,237,1686,1712]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3.6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB01CC2127FBF4DCF948CBDFC49F945" box="[199,1013,1722,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="87154F49127FBF4DCF948CBDFC49F945" blockId="0.[151,1437,1109,1748]" box="[199,1013,1722,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B5DE935B127FBF4DCF948CBDFEEEF945" bold="true" box="[199,338,1722,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet is named after Motuo, the
<typeStatus id="5811F1EB127FBF4DCC378CBDFC28F945" box="[868,916,1722,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16f0af1e-5633-447e-81b2-681918fca237" ID-PMC="PMC3591758" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-267-1" ID-PubMed="23653520" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-267-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 267" ModsDocTitle="Endemism of subterranean Diacyclops in Korea and Japan, with descriptions of seven new species of the languidoides-group and redescriptions of D. brevifurcus Ishida, 2006 and D. suoensis Ito, 1954 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)" checkinTime="1451247686527" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Karanovic, Tomislav, Grygier, Mark J. &amp; Lee, Wonchoel" docDate="2013" docId="0F048F636A3F07F8950323AC4D5CB504" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 267: 1-76" docOrigin="ZooKeys 267" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935" docTitle="Diacyclops hanguk Karanovic, Grygier &amp; Lee, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFC69100FF80FF990E44FFE8FFACFF8A" masterDocTitle="Endemism of subterranean Diacyclops in Korea and Japan, with descriptions of seven new species of the languidoides-group and redescriptions of D. brevifurcus Ishida, 2006 and D. suoensis Ito, 1954 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668155306612" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Endemism of subterranean Diacyclops in Korea and Japan, with descriptions of seven new species of the languidoides-group and redescriptions of D. brevifurcus Ishida, 2006 and D. suoensis Ito, 1954 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Karanovic, Tomislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Grygier, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Wonchoel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>267</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-267-1</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:737B001D-E1D9-4965-9661-999F15B67F49" class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 182227D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
South Korea, Gangwondo, Pyeongchang city, Jinbu, Namhan River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.615803">37°36'56.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="128.53978">128°32'23.2&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, interstitial water from sandy banks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Holotype female dissected on two slides (NIBRIV0000232661). Allotype male from type locality dissected on one slide (NIBRIV0000232662). Other paratypes from type locality: three males and three females on one SEM stub (NIBRIV0000232648), one female dissected on one slide (NIBRIV0000232663), and one male dissected on one slide (NIBRIV0000232664); all collected 12 June 2010, leg. J.-L. Cho.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Additional paratypes: one male and six females together in alcohol (NIBRIV0000232665), from South Korea, Gangwondo, Wonju city, Buron River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.233677">37°14'01.23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.74966">127°44'58.78&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, interstitial water from sandy banks, 24 June 2010, leg. J.-L. Cho.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Additional paratypes: five males, two females, and one copepodid together on one SEM stub (NIBRIV0000232653), from South Korea, Gangwondo, Yeongwol city, Namhan River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.115803">37°06'56.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="128.53978">128°32'23.2&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, interstitial water from sandy banks, 12 June 2010, leg. J.-L. Cho.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Additional paratypes: one male and six females together in alcohol (NIBRIV0000232667), from South Korea, Jeollanamdo, Gurye city, Seomjin River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.19039">35°11'25.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.38352">127°23'00.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, interstitial water from sandy banks, 19 June 2010, leg. J.-L. Cho.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Additional paratypes: one male, two females and one copepodid together in alcohol (NIBRIV0000232668), from South Korea, Gangwondo, Wonju city, Jijeong, Seom River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.386158">37°23'10.16&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.852325">127°51'08.39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, interstitial water from sandy banks, 24 June 2010, leg. J.-L. Cho.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Additional paratypes: two females and one copepodid together on one SEM stub (NIBRIV0000232653), from South Korea, Jeollanamdo, Gurye city, Yangcheon, Seomjin River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.201305">35°12'04.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.59148">127°35'29.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, interstitial water from sandy banks, 19 June 2010, leg. J.-L. Cho.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The species name is a phonetic approximation in Latin letters of the country name
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Korea”">&quot;Korea&quot;</normalizedToken>
in the Korean language, to be treated as a Latin noun in apposition to the generic name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Female (based on holotype and four paratypes from type locality). Total body length, measured from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami (excluding caudal setae), from 412 to 445
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(440
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in holotype). Preserved specimens colourless; no live specimens observed. Integument relatively weakly sclerotised, smooth, without cuticular pits or cuticular windows. Surface ornamentation of somites consisting of 44 pairs of sensilla and pores and four unpaired (mid-dorsal) pores (those pores and sensilla probably homologous with those of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
indicated with same Arabic numerals; those homologous with those of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
indicated with Roman numerals; presumably novel pores and sensilla indicated with Greek letters consecutively from anterior to posterior end of body, and from dorsal to ventral side in Figs 18A, B, 19A, B, 20A, B, C); no spinules except on anal somite, caudal rami, and appendages. Habitus (Fig. 18A, B) relatively slender, only slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, with prosome/urosome length ratio 1.4 and greatest width in dorsal view
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">at</pageBreakToken>
first third of cephalothorax, body prominently arched backwards between prosome and urosome. Body length/width ratio about 3.3 (dorsal view); cephalothorax 1.84 times as wide as genital double-somite. Free pedigerous somites without lateral or dorsal expansions, all connected by well developed arthrodial membranes and having narrow and smooth hyaline fringes. Pleural areas of cephalothorax and free pediger
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">ous</pageBreakToken>
somites very short, not covering insertions of cephalic appendages or praecoxae of swimming legs in lateral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rostrum (Fig. 19A, B) well developed, membranous, not demarcated at base, broadly rounded and furnished with one pair of frontal sensilla (no. 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Cephalothorax (Figs 18A, B, 19A, B) relatively small, 1.2 times as long as its greatest width (dorsal view), widest at posterior third and gently tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, only slightly oval; representing 35% of total body length (together with rostrum). Surface of cephalic shield ornamented with one unpaired dorsal pore (α) and 25 pairs of long sensilla (nos. 2-4, 6,
<normalizedToken originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17, 21, 23, 31, 38, 39, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56, 58); sensilla pair no. 39 highly asymmetrical; sensilla and pores 39-58 belonging to first pedigerous somite, latter being incorporated into cephalothorax.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Second pedigerous somite (Figs 18A, B) well developed, only slightly narrower than cephalothorax and tapering posteriorly, unornamented.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Third pedigerous somite (Fig. 18A, B) shorter and narrower than second in dorsal view, widest at midlength in dorsal view and with slightly flared latero-posterior corners, ornamented with one unpaired dorsal pore (no. I) and four pairs of large sensilla (nos. 63, 64, 72, 74).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 18A, B) significantly shorter and narrower than third, with slightly flared latero-posterior corners, nicely rounded in dorsal view, ornamented with only one unpaired dorsal pore (no. II) and two pairs of large sensilla (nos. 75, 77); recognition of serially homologous pairs relatively easy (probably II=I, 75=63, 77=72).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fifth pedigerous somite (Figs 18A, B, 20A, B) short, significantly narrower than fourth pedigerous somite or genital double-somite in dorsal view, with prominently flared latero-posterior corners, ornamented with two pairs of large dorsal sensilla (nos. 80, 81); recognition of serially homologous pairs relatively easy, i.e. 80=75 and 81=77; hyaline fringe very narrow and smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Genital double-somite (Figs 18A, 20A, B) large but proportionately short (arrowed in Fig. 20A), with deep lateral recesses at level of sixth legs and only slightly swollen antero-ventrally, widest at first third of its length in dorsal (or ventral) view and gradually tapering posteriorly, 0.7 times as long as its greatest width (dorsal view); ornamented with one unpaired dorsal central pore (no. 85), one pair of central dorsal sensilla (no. 86), one pair of posterior lateral sensilla (no. 96), and one pair of ventral posterior pores (no. 97); central dorsal sensilla probably serially homologous to those on fifth pedigerous somite (i.e. 86=80), but posterior sensilla and pores without homologous pairs. Copulatory pore small, oval, situated at about 3/5 of genital double-somite ventrally; copulatory duct relatively wide, siphon-shaped and directed anteriorly, weakly sclerotised. Hyaline fringe wavy, not serrated. Seminal receptacle anvil-shaped, with relatively short anterior expansion and long lateral arms, constricted at middle, and with equally long and wide posterior expansion, together representing 52% of
<normalizedToken originalValue="double-somite’s">double-somite's</normalizedToken>
length; ovipores situated dorso-laterally at midlength of double-somite, covered by reduced sixth legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Third urosomite (Figs 18A, 20A, B) relatively short, about 1.9 times as wide as long and 0.4 times as long as genital double-somite in dorsal view, also with wavy
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">hyaline</pageBreakToken>
fringe, ornamented with one pair of lateral posterior sensilla (no. 100) and one pair of ventral posterior pores (no. 102); serially homologous pores and sensilla easy to recognize, i.e. 100=96 and 102=97.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">Preanal</pageBreakToken>
urosomite (Figs 18A, 20A, B) slightly narrower and shorter than third, also with wavy hyaline fringe, unornamented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Anal somite (Figs 18A, 20A, B, C) slightly narrower and significantly shorter than preanal, with short medial cleft, ornamented with one pair of large dorsal sensilla (no. 104), two pairs of dorso-lateral pores (nos. 105,
<normalizedToken originalValue="γ">γ</normalizedToken>
), one pair of small ventral pores (no. 106), and continous posterior row of large spinules. Anal sinus with two diagonal rows of short, slender spinules. Anal operculum very wide (arrowed in Fig. 20C), slightly convex, reaching posterior margin of anal somite, and representing 54% of anal
<normalizedToken originalValue="somite’s">somite's</normalizedToken>
width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Caudal rami (Fig. 20A, B, C) very short (arrowed in Fig. 20A), almost cylindrical and parallel, inserted very close to each other (space between them less than half of width of ramus), with deep dorso-median anterior depression (as continuation of anal sinus), and with narrower base than rest of ramus (particularly in ventral view); rami approximately 1.8 times as long as wide (ventral view) and 1.6 times as long as anal somite, each armed with six setae (one dorsal, one lateral, and four terminal); ornamented with one ventral pore at 1/3 length, one pore on tip of small protuberance on distal ventral margin between two principal terminal setae (no. 108), and rows of small spinules at base of lateral setae. Dorsal seta slender and long (arrowed in Fig. 20C), about 1.4 times as long as ramus, inserted at 5/6 of ramus length, biarticulate at base (inserted on small pseudo-joint) and pinnate distally. Lateral seta small, inserted dorso-laterally at 2/3 of ramus length, about 0.6 times as long as ramus width, unipinnate laterally and uniarticulate at base. Outermost terminal seta stout, spiniform, 0.8 times as long as ramus, densely bipinnate. Innermost terminal seta minute (arrowed in Fig. 20A), sparsely pinnate, 0.2 times as long as outermost terminal seta. Two principal terminal setae with breaking planes, bipinnate; inner one about 1.5 times as long as outer one and 5.3 times as long as caudal rami.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Antennula (Fig. 18C) 11-segmented, with very short eighth segment (arrowed in Fig. 18C), slightly curved along caudal margin, directed laterally, not reaching posterior margin of cephalothoracic shield, ornamented only with proximo-ventral arc of spinules on first segment (no pits or other integumental structures), with armature formula as in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
. Only one seta on tenth segment with breaking plane, no seta biarticulate basally, and most larger setae sparsely pinnate distally; both aesthetascs very slender, that on eighth segment reaching posterior margin of ninth segment. One seta on fourth and one on fifth segment spiniform and short; all other setae slender; one apical seta on eleventh segment fused basally to aesthetasc. Length ratio of antennular segments, from proximal end and along caudal margin, 1: 0.4: 0.6: 0.3: 0.2: 0.5: 0.9: 0.7: 0.5: 0.7: 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Antenna (Figs 18D, 21E) five-segmented, strongly curved along caudal margin, comprising extremely short coxa, much longer basis, and three-segmented endopod. Coxa without armature or ornamentation, about 0.2 times as long as wide. Basis cylindrical, 1.5 times as long as wide, ornamented with three short rows of three or four spinules each on ventral surface, armed with only one seta on distal inner corner
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
exopodal seta absent). First endopodal segment slightly narrowed at base and with small expansions on caudal margin but generally cylindrical, 1.4 times as long as wide and 0.9 times as long as basis, with smooth inner seta at 2/3 length and row of minute
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">spinules</pageBreakToken>
caudo-dorsally. Second endopodal segment also with narrowed basal part, 1.6 times as long as wide, about as long as first endopodal segment, bearing only five smooth setae along inner margin (arrowed in Fig. 18D), ornamented with one row of spinules along caudal margin. Third endopodal segment cylindrical, 1.9 times as long as wide and slightly shorter than second endopodal segment, ornamented with two rows of slender spinules along caudal margin and armed with seven smooth apical setae (four of them strong and geniculate).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Labrum (Fig. 19C) a relatively large trapezoidal plate, with muscular base and strongly sclerotised distal margin (cutting edge), ornamented with two diagonal rows of seven long and slender spinules each on anterior surface. Cutting edge almost straight, with 13 more or less sharp teeth between produced and rounded lateral corners.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mandibula (Fig. 19D, E) composed of coxa and minute palp. Cutting edge of coxal gnathobase with four slender spinules on anterior surface, five apical teeth, and dorsalmost unipinnate seta. Ventralmost tooth strongest and quadricuspidate, second and third teeth from ventral side bicuspidate, two dorsalmost teeth unicuspidate and partly fused basally. Palp represented by extremely small but distinct segment, unornamented, armed with single short and smooth apical seta (arrowed in Fig. 19D).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Maxillula (Fig. 19F, G) composed of praecoxa and one-segmented large palp, unornamented. Praecoxal arthrite bearing four very strong and smooth distal spines (three blunt and fused at base, one distinct at base and sharp) and six medial elements (proximalmost one longest and plumose, two distalmost ones large and strong, three in between small and slender). Palp composed of coxobasis and one-segmented endopod, with latter fused basally to coxobasis. Coxobasis with short proximal seta (probably representing exopod) and three medial setae (two slender and smooth, one strong and pinnate). Endopod with three slender, smooth setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Maxilla (Fig. 19H) 5-segmented but praecoxa partly fused to coxa on anterior surface, unornamented. Proximal endite of praecoxa robust, armed with two sparsely bipinnate setae; distal endite slightly smaller than proximal one and unarmed. Proximal endite of coxa with one bipinnate seta; distal endite highly mobile, elongated and armed apically with two setae, proximal one considerably longer and stronger than distal one. Basis expanded into robust and smooth claw, armed with two setae; strong seta densely pinnate along convex (ventral) margin, robust and spiniform; small seta smooth and slender, inserted on posterior surface. Endopod two-segmented but segmentation not easily discernable; proximal segment armed with two robust, unipinnate setae; distal segment with one robust, unipinnate apical seta and two slender subapical setae. Longest seta on distal endopodal segment 0.8 times as long as longer seta on proximal segment. All strong setae on basis and endopod, as well as basal claw, unguiculate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Maxilliped (Fig. 19I) four-segmented, composed of syncoxa, basis, and two-segmented endopod; second endopodal segment minute; basis with only one armature element (arrowed in Fig. 19I). Ornamentation consisting of two rows of long, slender spinules on basis (one row on posterior surface, other on anterior surface), as well as four spinules on anterior surface of first endopodal segment. Armature formula: 2.1.1.2. All inner setae pinnate, very strong, and unguiculate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">All</pageBreakToken>
swimming legs (Fig. 21A, B, C, D, F, G) relatively small, with segmentation formula as in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
, as well as spine and setal formulae of ultimate exopodal segment, but with some differences in armature of endopods, ornamentation of different segments, and proportions of some segment and armature elements. Exopods slightly longer than endopods on all legs. All setae on endopods and exopods slender and plumose, except apical seta on exopod of first leg pinnate along outer margin and plumose along inner (Fig. 21A); no modified setae observed. All spines strong and bipinnate. Intercoxal sclerite of all swimming legs with slightly concave distal margin and lacking any surface ornamentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
First swimming leg (Fig. 21A) shorter than other swimming legs; praecoxa unarmed, ornamented with distal row of minute spinules on anterior surface; coxa twice as wide as long, ornamented with distal row of large spinules on anterior surface and small pore on anterior surface close to inner margin, armed with slender plumose seta on inner-distal corner; basis almost pentagonal, 0.7 times as long as coxa, armed with long and slender seta outer seta and strong and short inner-distal element (latter not reaching distal margin of first endopodal segment, i.e. much shorter than in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
;arrowed in Fig. 21A); inner margin smooth, ornamented with two posterior rows of minute spinules on anterior surface (one at base of inner seta, other at base of endopod), and one cuticular pore on anterior surface close to outer margin; exopod and endopod armed as in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
, but second segments more elongated, and second endopodal segment with inner notch and shorter middle inner seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Second swimming leg (Fig. 21B, F) similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
, but second endopodal segment with only three inner setae (arrowed in Fig. 21B), with or without inner notch (showing original segmentation), and third exopodal segment with all setae proportionatelly much shorter than in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
; apical spine on second endopodal segment 0.8 times as long as segment and 0.7 times as long as inner distal seta; second endopodal segment about 1.4 times as long as wide and 1.3 times as long as first endopodal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Third swimming leg (Fig. 21C) similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
, but coxa without ornamentation on posterior surface, endopodal setae proportionately shorter (arrowed in Fig. 21C), and setae on third exopodal segment more obviously progressively longer from distal to proximal; apical spine on third endopodal segment 1.1 times as long as segment and 0.7 times as long as apical seta; third endopodal segment about as long as wide and 1.3 times as long as second endopodal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 21D, G) generally similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
, but intercoxal sclerite unornamented, coxa without proximal row of spinules on posterior surface, proximal seta on third endopodal segment much shorter (arrowed in Fig. 21D), and proximal seta on third exopodal segment much longer (arrowed in Fig. 21D); third endopodal segment only about 0.9 times as long as wide, and only as long as second endopodal segment; inner apical spine on third endopodal segment 1.4 times as long as outer apical spine, about as long as segment, and less than half as long as distal inner seta; apical spines parallel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Fifth leg (Fig. 20A, B) inserted ventrally, relatively small, two-segmented, with same armature as in previous four species, but with very different shape and propor
<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">tions</pageBreakToken>
. Protopod relatively wide (although not as wide as in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
), almost rhomboidal, about 0.65 times as long as greatest width, unornamented, armed with single distally unipinnate and slender outer seta inserted on short setophore. Exopod much narrower than protopod, almost cylindrical, 1.1 times as long as protopod and twice as long as wide, unornamented, armed with long apical seta and subapical inner spine; apical seta bipinnate distally, as long as basal seta, 2.8 times as long as exopod, and 2.7 times as long as subapical spine, reaching midlength of genital double-somite; subapical exopodal spine strong, bipinnate, 0.9 times as long as exopod and almost twice as long as
<normalizedToken originalValue="exopod’s">exopod's</normalizedToken>
greatest width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sixth leg (Fig. 21H) small semicircular cuticular plate, unornamented, armed with two short, smooth spines and, external to these, one longer and distally bipinnate seta; inner spine fused to plate, outer one articulated basally; outermost seta directed postero-dorsally.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Male (based on allotype and five paratypes from type locality). Total body length from 380 to 405
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(383
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in allotype). Urosome with free genital somite. Habitus (Fig. 22A) more slender than in female, with prosome/urosome length ratio about 1.5 and greatest width in dorsal view at first third of cephalothorax. Body length/width ratio 3.9; cephalothorax about 1.7 times as wide as genital somite. Cephalothorax 1.3 times as long as wide and slightly tapering towards posterior margin in dorsal view; representing 34% of total body length; dorsal sensilla pair no. 39 symmetrical. Ornamentation of cephalothorax (Fig. 22A), free prosomites (Fig. 22D), and first and last three urosomites (Fig. 22A, B) with same number and distribution of sensilla and pores as in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Genital somite (Fig. 22A) 1.5 times as wide as long in dorsal view, with bluntly serrated hyaline fringe dorsally, ornamented with one unpaired dorsal pore (no. 85), one pair of dorsal sensilla (nos. 86), and one pair of dorsolateral pores (no. 87; N.B., these absent in female); no spermatophores visible inside. Third urosomite (Fig. 22B) homologous to posterior part of female genital double-somite, ornamented with ventral pair of posterior pores (no. 97) and lateral pair of sensilla (no. 96) as in female, but additionally with dorsal unpaired pore (no. 91) and dorsal pair of sensilla (no. 93).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Caudal rami (Fig. 22B, C) slightly more divergent than in female, but equally short, with minute innermost terminal seta (arrowed in Fig. 22B) and with anterior ventral pore (δ; arrowed in Fig. 22C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Antennula (Fig. 22E, F) strongly prehensile and digeniculate, 17-segmented (but with sixteenth and seventeenth segments partly fused), ornamented with spinules only on first segment (as in female), with anvil-shaped cuticular ridges on anterior margin of fourteenth and fifteenth segments (distal geniculation), with extremely short sixteenth segment (arrowed in Fig. 22E). Armature formula as follows: 8+3ae.4.2.2+ae.2.2.2.2.2+ae.2.2.2.2 + ae.2.1.4.7+ae. All aesthetascs linguiform, slender and short, apical one on sixteenth segment fused basally to one seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Antenna, labrum, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, swimming legs, and fifth leg as in female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">Sixth</pageBreakToken>
leg (Fig. 22H) large cuticular plate, unornamented, armed with small inner spine and two bipinnate setae on outer distal corner; outermost seta 2.2 times as long as inner bipinnate seta, as well as 2.4 times as long as innermost spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n. belongs to the languidoides-group based on its 11-segmented antennula and the swimming leg segmentation formula (exopod/endopod) 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, 3/3. Detailed examination of the pattern of pores and sensilla on the somites and the armature of the mouth appendages show that this species is only distantly related to all other East Asian species of this species-group except for
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parahanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parahanguk">Diacyclops parahanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n. from Japan (see below). It it quite clear that the two form a sibling species pair, with their extremely short caudal rami and genital double somite, extremely wide anal operculum, almost identical pattern of pores and sensilla on all somites, minute innermost terminal caudal seta, long dorsal caudal seta, wider than long eighth segment of the antennula, extremely reduced armature formula of the antenna (1.1.5.7), single seta on the mandibular palp, identical armature formula of the swimming legs (with only three inner setae on the second endopodal segment of the first leg), extremely short third endopodal segment of the fourth leg, and progressively longer setae from the outer side on the third exopodal segment of the fourth leg. The two species can be distinguished by their habitus, armature of the maxillipedal basis, ornamentation of the labrum and antennal basis, relative length of the aesthetasc on the eighth antennular segment, small differences in the shape of the seminal receptacle, genital double-somite, and caudal rami, and relative lengths of the dorsal caudal seta and inner apical spine on the third endopodal segment of the fourth leg (all these arrowed in Figs 23-25). Additionally, small differences were observed in the pattern of pores and sensilla, with sensilla no. 21 less widely spaced in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
No other species of the languidoides-group, nor any other species of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diacyclops</taxonomicName>
, has such short caudal rami and minute innermost terminal caudal setae. These characters are traditionally only found in much more reduced cyclopoids (usually with variously reduced fifth legs), such as members of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Itocyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Itocyclops" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Itocyclops</taxonomicName>
Reid &amp; Ishida, 2000 from Japan and North America (see
<bibRefCitation author="Reid, JW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Crustacean Biology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="589 - 596" title="Itocyclops, a new genus proposed for Speocyclops yezoensis (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae)." url="10.1651/0278-0372(2000)020[0589:IANGPF]2.0.CO;2" volume="20" year="2000">Reid and Ishida 2000</bibRefCitation>
). It would be easy to speculate how this monospecific genus could have originated from an acestor similar to
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
through a series of reductions in both the swimming leg segmentation and the armature and segmentation of the fifth leg, if
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Itocyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Itocyclops" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Itocyclops</taxonomicName>
did not exibit a more plesiomorphic armature of the antenna and maxilliped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
The only other described
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diacyclops</taxonomicName>
with similarly short caudal rami is the Romanian
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops languidoides subsp. spelaeus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="languidoides" subSpecies="spelaeus">Diacyclops languidoides spelaeus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pleşa">Plesa</normalizedToken>
, 1956. This species does not even belong to the languidoides-group, as is shown by the three-segmented exopod of its first leg (see
<bibRefCitation author="Plesa, C" journalOrPublisher="Analele Institutului de Cercetari Piscicole" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="363 - 372" title="Contributii la fauna ciclopidelor (crustacee copepode) din Republica Populara Romina." volume="1" year="1956">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pleşa">Plesa</normalizedToken>
1956
</bibRefCitation>
), even though
<bibRefCitation author="Dussart, B" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="World Directory of Crustacea Copepoda of Inland Waters, II - Cyclopiformes." year="2006">Dussart and Defaye (2006)</bibRefCitation>
recently still listed it as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops languidoides" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="languidoides">Diacyclops languidoides</taxonomicName>
(Lilljeborg, 1901). The latter authors mentioned that
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops languidoides subsp. spelaeus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="languidoides" subSpecies="spelaeus">Diacyclops languidoides spelaeus</taxonomicName>
could be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops stygius subsp. deminutus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="stygius" subSpecies="deminutus">Diacyclops stygius deminutus</taxonomicName>
(Chappuis, 1925), following
<bibRefCitation author="Monchenko, VI" journalOrPublisher="Kiev" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Fauna Ukraini 27 (3)" year="1974">Monchenko (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, but this is just a speculation until both taxa are properly redescribed. Both differ from
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
by the segmentation of the swimming legs, and by their much longer innermost terminal caudal seta.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype female: A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C antennula, dorsal view D antenna, ventral view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores presumably homologous to those in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Roman numerals indicating pores homologous to those in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bars 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure 19.
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype female: A cephalothorax, dorsal view B cephalothoracic shield, lateral view C labrum, anterior view D mandibula, posterior view E mandibula, antero-ventral view F maxillula, posterior view G maxillula, anterior view H maxilla, posterior view I maxilliped, posterior view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores presumably homologous to those in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Greek letters indicating unique pores and sensilla. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bars 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure 20.
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype female: A urosome, ventral view B usorome, lateral view C anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores presumably homologous to those in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Greek letters indicating unique pores and sensilla. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bar 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure 21.
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
holotype female
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
paratype female A first swimming leg, anterior view B second swimming leg, anterior view C third swimming leg, anterior view D fourth swimming leg, anterior view E coxa and basis of antenna, ventral view F second endopodal segment of second swimming leg, anterior view G third endopodal segment of fourth swimming leg, anterior view H sixth leg, lateral view. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bar 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure 22.
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
sp. n., allotype male: A habitus, dorsal view B last four urosomites and caudal rami, dorsal view C left caudal ramus, ventral view D pleuron of second free prosomite (third pedigerous somite), flattened E rostrum and antennula, flattened, dorsal view F first antennular segment, ventral view G fifth leg, anterior view H sixth leg, ventro-lateral view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores presumably homologous to those in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Roman numerals indicating pores homologous to those in
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Greek letters indicating unique pores and sensilla. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bars 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127855915" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0572E60BAF99CEDB0A131F714F0431" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0572E60BAF99CEDB0A131F714F0431" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<taxonomicName LSID="0F0572E6-0BAF-99CE-DB0A-131F714F0431" authority="(Banks, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Messua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Messua limbata" order="Araneae" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Messua limbata (Banks, 1898)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Messua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Messua limbata" order="Araneae" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Messua limbata</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Armstrong, JS" pageId="432" pageNumber="433" refId="B9" refString="Armstrong, JS, Richman, DB, 2007. Interference of boll weevil trapping by spiders (Araneida) and an evaluation of trap modification to reduce unwanted arthropods. Journal of Entomological Science 42(3): 392-398." title="Interference of boll weevil trapping by spiders (Araneida) and an evaluation of trap modification to reduce unwanted arthropods. Journal of Entomological Science 42 (3): 392 - 398." year="2007">Armstrong and Richman 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 396;
<bibRefCitation author="Bradley, RA" pageId="435" pageNumber="436" refId="B68" refString="Bradley, RA, 2013. Common Spiders of North America. University of California Press, 271 pp. [distribution]" title="Common Spiders of North America. University of California Press, 271 pp. [distribution]" year="2013">Bradley 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 192;
<bibRefCitation author="Maddison, WP" pageId="458" pageNumber="459" refId="B497" refString="Maddison, WP, 1996. Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 154: 215-368." title="Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 154: 215 - 368." year="1996">Maddison 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 233 [T], m (figs 90, 100, 117);
<bibRefCitation author="Richman, DB" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" refId="B669" refString="Richman, DB, Edwards, GB, Cutler, B, 2005. Salticidae. In: Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V (Eds) Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society, 205." title="Salticidae. In: Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V (Eds) Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society, 205." year="2005">Richman et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 216;
<bibRefCitation author="Richman, DB" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" refId="B666" refString="Richman, DB, Cutler, B, Hill, DE, 2011b. Salticidae of North America, including Mexico. Peckhamia 95.1, 88 pp." title="Salticidae of North America, including Mexico. Peckhamia 95.1, 88 pp." year="2011 b">Richman et al. 2011b</bibRefCitation>
: 30 [S];
<bibRefCitation author="Richman, DB" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" refId="B667" refString="Richman, DB, Cutler, B, Hill, DE, 2012a. Salticidae of North America, including Mexico. Peckhamia 95.2, 88 pp." title="Salticidae of North America, including Mexico. Peckhamia 95.2, 88 pp." year="2012 a">Richman et al. 2012a</bibRefCitation>
: 30;
<bibRefCitation author="Richman, DB" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" refId="B668" refString="Richman, DB, Cutler, B, Hill, DE, 2012b. Salticidae of North America, including Mexico. Peckhamia 95.3, 88 pp." title="Salticidae of North America, including Mexico. Peckhamia 95.3, 88 pp." year="2012 b">Richman et al. 2012b</bibRefCitation>
: 30
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Dendryphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendryphantes limbatus" order="Araneae" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbatus">Dendryphantes limbatus</taxonomicName>
(Banks, 1898);
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N" pageId="433" pageNumber="434" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" refId="B26" refString="Banks, N, 1910. Catalogue of nearctic spiders. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 72: 1-80. doi: 10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" title="Catalogue of nearctic spiders. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 72: 1 - 80. doi:" url="10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" year="1910">Banks 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 66;
<bibRefCitation author="Chamberlin, RV" pageId="439" pageNumber="440" refId="B136" refString="Chamberlin, RV, 1924b. The spider fauna of the shores and islands of the Gulf of California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 12: 561-694." title="The spider fauna of the shores and islands of the Gulf of California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 12: 561 - 694." year="1924 b">Chamberlin 1924b</bibRefCitation>
: 682;
<bibRefCitation author="Peckham, GW" pageId="461" pageNumber="462" refId="B561" refString="Peckham, GW, Peckham, EG, 1901a. Spiders of the Phidippus group of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts and Letters 13: 282-358." title="Spiders of the Phidippus group of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts and Letters 13: 282 - 358." year="1901 a">Peckham and Peckham 1901a</bibRefCitation>
: 315, mf, desc.;
<bibRefCitation author="Peckham, GW" pageId="461" pageNumber="462" refId="B563" refString="Peckham, GW, Peckham, EG, 1909. Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts and Letters 16(1): 355-646." title="Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts and Letters 16 (1): 355 - 646." year="1909">Peckham and Peckham 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 458, mf, desc. (pl. 37, fig. 3);
<bibRefCitation author="Petrunkevitch, A" pageId="461" pageNumber="462" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.23819" refId="B567" refString="Petrunkevitch, A, 1911. A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.23819" title="A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1 - 791. doi:" url="10.5962/bhl.title.23819" year="1911">Petrunkevitch 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 634;
<bibRefCitation author="Roewer, CF" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" refId="B680" refString="Roewer, CF, 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, Belgium, volume 2." title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, Belgium, volume 2." year="1955">Roewer 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 1203
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Eris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eris limbata" order="Araneae" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">Eris limbata</taxonomicName>
(Banks, 1898);
<bibRefCitation author="Breene, RG" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" publicationUrl="10.2307/3495799" refId="B87" refString="Breene, RG, Meagher, Jr. RL, Dean, DA, 1993b. Spiders (Araneae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas sugarcane fields. Florida Entomologist 76: 645-650. doi: 10.2307/3495799" title="Spiders (Araneae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas sugarcane fields. Florida Entomologist 76: 645 - 650. doi:" url="10.2307/3495799" year="1993 b">Breene et al. 1993b</bibRefCitation>
: 648;
<bibRefCitation author="Dean, DA" pageId="442" pageNumber="443" refId="B205" refString="Dean, DA, Eger, Jr. JE, 1986. Spiders associated with Lupinus texensis (Leguminosae) and Castilleja indivisa (Scrophulariaceae) in south central Texas. Southwestern Entomologist 11: 139-147." title="Spiders associated with Lupinus texensis (Leguminosae) and Castilleja indivisa (Scrophulariaceae) in south central Texas. Southwestern Entomologist 11: 139 - 147." year="1986">Dean and Eger 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 142;
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, JA" pageId="451" pageNumber="452" refId="B378" refString="Jackman, JA, 1997. A field guide to spiders and scorpions of Texas. Texas Monthly Field Guide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 201 pp." title="A field guide to spiders and scorpions of Texas. Texas Monthly Field Guide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 201 pp." year="1997">Jackman 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 167 (photo 41b);
<bibRefCitation author="Richman, DB" pageId="466" pageNumber="467" refId="B664" refString="Richman, DB, Cutler, B, 1978. A list of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the United States and Canada. Peckhamia 1(5): 82-110. (online version 29.1, 2008)" title="A list of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the United States and Canada. Peckhamia 1 (5): 82 - 110. (online version 29.1, 2008)" year="1978">Richman and Cutler 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Eris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eris limbatus" order="Araneae" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbatus">Eris limbatus</taxonomicName>
(Banks, 1898);
<bibRefCitation author="Vogel, BR" pageId="471" pageNumber="472" refId="B759" refString="Vogel, BR, 1970b. Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1-36." title="Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1 - 36." year="1970 b">Vogel 1970b</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Icius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Icius exornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exornatus">Icius exornatus</taxonomicName>
(Peckham and Peckham, 1909);
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N" pageId="433" pageNumber="434" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" refId="B26" refString="Banks, N, 1910. Catalogue of nearctic spiders. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 72: 1-80. doi: 10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" title="Catalogue of nearctic spiders. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 72: 1 - 80. doi:" url="10.5479/si.03629236.72.i" year="1910">Banks 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 71;
<bibRefCitation author="Bonnet, P" pageId="435" pageNumber="436" refId="B61" refString="Bonnet, P, 1957. Bibliographia Araneorum. Toulouse, 2(3): 1927-3026 (F-M)." title="Bibliographia Araneorum. Toulouse, 2 (3): 1927 - 3026 (F-M)." year="1957">Bonnet 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 2281;
<bibRefCitation author="Peckham, GW" pageId="461" pageNumber="462" refId="B563" refString="Peckham, GW, Peckham, EG, 1909. Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts and Letters 16(1): 355-646." title="Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts and Letters 16 (1): 355 - 646." year="1909">Peckham and Peckham 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 505, f, desc. (pl. 41, fig. 6);
<bibRefCitation author="Petrunkevitch, A" pageId="461" pageNumber="462" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.23819" refId="B567" refString="Petrunkevitch, A, 1911. A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.23819" title="A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1 - 791. doi:" url="10.5962/bhl.title.23819" year="1911">Petrunkevitch 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 661;
<bibRefCitation author="Roewer, CF" pageId="467" pageNumber="468" refId="B680" refString="Roewer, CF, 1955. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, Belgium, volume 2." title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, Belgium, volume 2." year="1955">Roewer 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 1222;
<bibRefCitation author="Vogel, BR" pageId="471" pageNumber="472" refId="B759" refString="Vogel, BR, 1970b. Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1-36." title="Bibliography of Texas Spiders. Armadillo Papers 2: 1 - 36." year="1970 b">Vogel 1970b</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Austin, Brazos, Cameron, Frio, Hidalgo, Kerr</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="locality">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, Estero Llano Grande State Park, Frontera Audubon, Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge, Resaca de la Palma State Park, Riley Estate, Russell Farm, Sabal Palm Audubon Sanctuary</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="time of activity">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Time of activity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Male (January, March - April, June - August, October - November); female (February - May, July - December)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">(crops: cotton, sugarcane); (grass: grass); (littoral: dense coastal brush); (nest/prey: mud dauber nest [mf]); (orchard: grapefruit, Mexican lime, orange, organic citrus grove, sour orange); (plants: bluebonnets); (soil/woodland: cedar elm forest, ebony-guayacan association, palm forest margin [resaca bank], trees)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="method">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Method.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Beating [f]; boll weevil pheromone trap [m]; D-Vac suction [m]; flight intercept trap elevated [m]; flight intercept trap on ground [m]; Lindgren flight trap [mf]; sweeping [m]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Mexico, Tepic</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Latin, bordered</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="320" pageNumber="321" type="collection">
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">Collection.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="320" pageNumber="321">DMNS, NMSU, TAMU</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

102
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<taxonomicName id="1D50A6978936532CB2039355B1ADA24E" ID-CoL="32YMB" LSID="0F061AD9-B3E7-E6C3-B7D2-3984299E16C6" authority="(LeConte, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclotrachelus incisus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">Cyclotrachelus incisus (LeConte, 1846)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="C0D2C92FC137A26E769EF114BC6F8445" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="BB3AECA99EFF94B271D1A040954008E9" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisa">Feronia incisa</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1846b: 345. Type locality: &quot;ad Rocky Mountains&quot; (original citation), restricted to &quot;Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa&quot; by Bousquet (1999: 207). Lectotype (♂), designated by Freitag (1969: 127), in MCZ [# 5620].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67538B44BE6CBBCFDA6ADF939209061" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="67F3503EA8EE864191E5C968CC32A164" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lixa">Feronia lixa</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1846b: 346. Type locality: &quot;ad Rocky Mountains&quot; (original citation), cited from &quot;near
<normalizedToken id="74CEF398B38D5C2FF88A55AC4ED99753" originalValue="Long’s">Long's</normalizedToken>
Peak [Boulder County, Colorado]&quot; by LeConte (1853a: 232). Lectotype (♀), designated by Freitag (1969: 127), in MCZ [# 5622]. Synonymy established by LeConte (1873a: 319), confirmed by Freitag (1969: 127).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96CC0EED3B9AB8EC85797DE564C87FDF" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="44954C15474F8D2D796057A4FA45941D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">Feronia abdominalis</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1846b: 347. Type locality: &quot;ad Rocky Mountains&quot; (original citation), cited from &quot;near
<normalizedToken id="19217CA7DD9659844C467399F4D06AF6" originalValue="Long’s">Long's</normalizedToken>
Peak [Boulder County, Colorado]&quot; by LeConte (1853a: 232). Lectotype (♂), designated by Freitag (1969: 128), in MCZ [# 5621]. Synonymy established by LeConte (1873a: 319), confirmed by Freitag (1969: 128).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3D05BD848FC76D595B58E368FBBB75B" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="ED0C7CB50676C0F2FB2CBDEC21EDB1AD" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anaferonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">Anaferonia distincta</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 342. Type locality:
<normalizedToken id="7FCD9893DBCB9EF201A6DDA0909CD7E3" originalValue="«Iowa»">&quot;Iowa&quot;</normalizedToken>
(original citation). Lectotype [as holotype] (♂), designated by Freitag (1969: 128), in USNM [# 47103]. Synonymy established by Freitag (1969: 128).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18351F175169637D0383AC25727FFA86" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="7BCB5BA913C4CCADEBD4AE096493FA48" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anaferonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iowana">Anaferonia iowana</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 347. Type locality:
<normalizedToken id="D3951CC63C6896515087132CA3289D11" originalValue="«Iowa»">&quot;Iowa&quot;</normalizedToken>
(original citation). Lectotype [as holotype] (♂), designated by Freitag (1969: 128), in USNM [# 47107]. Synonymy established by Freitag (1969: 128).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7DEFC7F39F40A124BB70C4F4120A09D" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="DF1D3451956466D54CA8A9F9E3B4209C" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anaferonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">Anaferonia fausta</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 348. Type locality:
<normalizedToken id="5A57BD570BF993A9E1944FA0D77F0F1D" originalValue="«Pennsylvania»">&quot;Pennsylvania&quot;</normalizedToken>
(original citation). Lectotype [as holotype] (♂), designated by Freitag (1969: 128), in USNM [# 47104]. Synonymy established by Freitag (1969: 128).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E4507E66E01125ABED2D4735826F08E7" lastPageId="556" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="555" pageNumber="556" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6F0128E2A0237658BB98F4C87E76BB41" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E36BA9AC8E227EB5C72AFAC6C1F7C57" lastPageId="556" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="555" pageNumber="556">
This species is found from southwestern Pennsylvania to southeastern South Dakota, south to southern Colorado (Miller and Peairs 2008: 34; LeConte
<pageBreakToken id="EC85BC9E9C73E1F7E0E2A7D74C95F1B9" pageId="556" pageNumber="557" start="start">1879</pageBreakToken>
d: 500; Wickham 1902: 236), Oklahoma, and central Arkansas [see Freitag 1969: Fig. 130]. The records from South Carolina (Kirk 1970: 11; Ciegler 2000: 70) are probably in error; that from
<normalizedToken id="4960395AF23A7DC96D425975F4FC6483" originalValue="“Kentucky”">&quot;Kentucky&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 188) needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1CD76F16802DE07069A86840C4C7E934" pageId="556" pageNumber="557" type="records">
<paragraph id="53A9983B2B8C4708D375F1A1F7BCB20E" pageId="556" pageNumber="557">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64A2EB63D7ED221831B7DC918CCB25DE" pageId="556" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="28C77D86DDB61482AD28C2EA5438BBF7" bold="true" pageId="556" pageNumber="557">USA</emphasis>
: AR, CO, IA, IL, IN, KS, MO, NE, OH, OK, PA, SD, VA [KY]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:location id="7E08B109A88A234F56D595F9C472E8B0">
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</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A23AB0BC06F077781D899F52ACDCBA3B">url</mods:classification>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0F064DDFF2668545BFC1BAFDD9E37F78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10920935" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224776747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10920935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F064DDFF2668545BFC1BAFDD9E37F78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F064DDFF2668545BFC1BAFDD9E37F78">
<subSubSection id="C3E62FC3ECA8512AF14AB61E5EE3349B" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7A95A9062EA23D8C4CB8701A110B0506">
<taxonomicName id="1CEF44FAEC5135B0CEDA81F567183B6C" ID-CoL="5BCL2" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bithynica">
<emphasis id="AD2DA24C5C6831843E56C628E9FAEF70" italics="true">Vicia bithynica</emphasis>
(L.) L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A30D213EF52F21BB21433692D109838" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="D1F8B30467B6508E4BF745A4858D9AAD">
Art ISFS: 444700 Checklist: 1049600
<taxonomicName id="EFA160AE3F3F122A386B619FB3AEBC0E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FA8021E3B46BDA32DF57E72786D31A9E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6C1CBCC1D898DEA6578B94C0E3BAEF91" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bithynica">Vicia bithynica (L.) L.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB2BBA01F7B17ACB99BE772A7A5BE68F">
<heading id="59D8EC71BD069777A4A3DE3FE7274870">
<normalizedToken id="CDEC84D08B542646BFB6B7FFF1B08FFA" originalValue="Bestimmungsschlüssel">Bestimmungsschluessel</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59A2156498019A4E4EBF41C718F640C5">
<heading id="34442C067BF95DF0343C3703A3E601A9">Zusammenfassung</heading>
KEINE ANGABE
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61DB948216DAC2DC951A83EAFABF0D35">
<heading id="9183E877D336CE60EC7B09FF24620429">
<normalizedToken id="0A3DCD2C952891A5C27A3377E0E10EF2" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64922EADE91726C050CE9BA00B00491">
<heading id="8D5F74E9FE9AE664F69302914655FE89">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="96532BDA7469A83DE1B35ECC568D5A9C" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7900608707285B02466BC46CF923AC8A">
<table id="A183AF3477B6E56B00A8F593330C8B17" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="51A5B3D1A4F6DC3E03606E2ADD6DC2B4">
<tr id="461817A81AB18C22FCBAA4CB907874FE">
<td id="B934C9021BB7F7366A60AE6C4BE443A5">KEINE ANGABE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9ACDE00CA881FBD0E6DA1F16E3E10CD8" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="EF48CFDF92F97E61BECCF39E475F3F64">
<normalizedToken id="D89AAB6DC17481B76171FA4FEB73EF95" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="8E9D8CFA2EC6D56AE475F36B44FF8DA0" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9E8081E6E8D7A2E242FF29DAE6D8ADC">
<table id="2C58F1F7B69A74E8154D074A62F2A9A3" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="9B68837469A7EBBAD3AC2D579FDA56D2">
<tr id="88282A315070508C4543776789284DE6">
<th id="68D0BF8C709691C45466BAD71504122F" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="D86068D13AF1E72C38BB05116FC8F898" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="08C516B79D2AD64002A7C8E7009396F4" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="F461758F5CCC7659A118021E74C86EDC" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D40822CF041BD275E5E7845AFED7937C" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="2EC427E8936C838FA13F4A04432ADAE9" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="70E70D881BCC43CDC8B8DEE74433E4DE">
<td id="585355C0621947EFC324F1A3FCD4E1F1">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="ABF1CEAAAC01A1C35E31AE263EAF8FA5" style="text-align:left;width:100px">--</td>
<td id="A4BCFA82E272CB98A75CC2CAD8174EE6">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="26ECBD51476FC1E0DDE3D8D3FBAA93D8" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
<td id="6A0C9BAC175CBD8CF7ADD86661D32F0A">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="F717190E9035B6CABF4D8734A2B5195E" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F3ED2FD60341552D65A7F06DD5437D5D">
<td id="8BA77005C832D76E7DD38BC2968AB1AA">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="E3AB0D2422C5CA4CBE40487C3A68B9D6" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="758A07046E4D1B378E4078FC0D32ABC8">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="D5F8A4382CD130CE5B741A223C1C0977" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E974A881E98D385DEEC619713045B7B4">
<td id="47770C89390CC4E27CE60BEBE6CBBC2F">
<normalizedToken id="15297F9A832B3145FA7F3F021652560A" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="F10CA741ADB5F4CE508B2C13C0C95594" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="A10DE3FE30743DFB69801E4E266DD109">
<normalizedToken id="14ED5D7895DAB54FB45249F5ED52756F" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="F6F93BCEED9F3EB6A65EAB5EB6E1BBEA" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75793EFB4100ED8CF9D7C32A4B2D3D1F" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="27565876AA7B247AE243AC7FF7FE358A">
<heading id="EED486734D2407A03514195EBFEF0ECC">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8574F3730A08FCCB9083784A7C156B69">
<treatmentCitation id="D4FB91211D0D46BB1D2B2BAB9950B403">
<heading id="EC42480B7C25F2B1DF1BE5D920EAC36F">
<normalizedToken id="5432301075F48D6C32B793EFED9519FD" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="05930519F652DD6D6F67D022A1B12644" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="324F4F8AF59223A6D5CFFFBA6AB6B4B1" ID-CoL="5BCL2" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bithynica">
<emphasis id="1BDC471D46F7AD429E59A6A5C44A075B" italics="true">Vicia bithynica</emphasis>
(L.) L.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AEF2D9D5D9616601A4E9E73864379A" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8256C18B0317C73924E477580ABDB52D">Volksname</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7EECDE072BDE69B12A64DDB4AB586519" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="BE8CE70EF2D1344C4780E98484C5C704">
Deutscher Name: -- Nom
<normalizedToken id="BEDA1DBBC5F3BB8EC3F6073934BF4D56" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
: -- Nome italiano: --
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="001C45A58E1F599ADF222E4AC82AD9FC" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AFBDED196F371448BC29C85CF1AEF2E8">
<normalizedToken id="644E771D826FB78BE2429EB7187ACAAE" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D94C0C207E536C04928517998AE4AACD">
<table id="514E8987526E57153107F43916FBA683" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="C562A379D6A57EE5431C4F6DC933BE47">
<tr id="50A7AFA0D0C342081102D45597C7C548">
<th id="5784FAB9BCC12FCFCD6403854F846B7C" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="C2021E2FF6ADF3774161E4832D01C82A">Nom</th>
<th id="411F861A1F6651AF6010B0972B8BA1FB">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="FF2E3B57D77AED30D0B0DB47393D7AF8" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="4B9010A435CCA46372F45BF52E161808">
<td id="70EF07CE9457123157E377CD3C0395C1" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="1FDAD257609A0ECBA83BE6D13B5D94C0">
<taxonomicName id="FC9B2D9318B37AD50B9BA12708DC931B" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bithynica">Vicia bithynica (L.) L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C38DD86FA9DFE856A747147B25E0389E">
<treatmentCitation id="8D53FA6C5DF59F520A2887DD17EE9768">
<bibRefCitation id="2C9235F44E50991A4FAE0C8BEC1385A9">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="245911F03127EBFB78FF391BD75D490E">444700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0C8214FA2C41D0175673B668C1E67B41">
<td id="83A5021F4D87ECF089F9AC2208E2DE6D" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="DE5B919D2CC7712F703F5CBDBCE9595B">
<taxonomicName id="CE62763604B22A3436FD02DEAD1081B9" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bithynica">Vicia bithynica (L.) L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C51415AF52C1C126C81D741487B98FA2">
<treatmentCitation id="1682B93F047B5A9FB9736F204CA25697">
<bibRefCitation id="DCADA8C2EBF501CE24EA510031C44ECC">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="AEEDB4E7F25E6F24998EEB4796E3E4C6">1849</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4E2F51BBD2939A8863D3BF552B09365A">
<td id="052FB4D828B5DE20D97B06FE37C03DE7" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="C6C1BA5671B8DCDB924760CC192A8FA9">
<taxonomicName id="89433B384AA684F95659F104ED51C863" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bithynica">Vicia bithynica (L.) L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="E7DF9705C16901B2F2E042716AEEF4EF">
<treatmentCitation id="CF01969B5D532F142221DDDE337CF350">
<bibRefCitation id="B2BE20904C69A4563BA72CA666107696">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="F7888756FA239E91DDFF7C6D17558038">444700</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57EFF8C526C38C33FB709159633C3C5D">
<tableNote id="DCDCF9A3859C81A8D1F58938ABA02B18">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="F51012F8669801A7FBA2217E33A487C6" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C38BFFB37F8B36FE6496097035BD6EC6" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="27AD522BD42A152C1E2944D142A8911B" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="9641B123421651C15BF2ADE1247DB019" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="B18B7A5AD01D25F0E558BC7E9DC6F160" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8810FF0DBFBB22E3A52962C6CFF496F1" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="B8671A919F3967E57C7FB930E38C46EE">
<heading id="190DBAA1241481C2A806E153DDA259D1">Status Indigenat</heading>
: -
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE8A42B4E7D19E155D7B10003BF812FD">
<emphasis id="A8A04A76403741ECBD73F286897D7CBF" bold="true">
<heading id="54FCD3EAB973801AC29FBBC5A7418134">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="7CE3C5517E57478E71050C836AEA78DA" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="C6F2BFA0EB028B64DD81704DF31F123D" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

186
data/0F/06/57/0F06573EBC502804F2D457C700C6FE6D.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
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<treatment id="0F06573EBC502804F2D457C700C6FE6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616909" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F06573EBC502804F2D457C700C6FE6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F06573EBC502804F2D457C700C6FE6D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<subSubSection id="CFB5B5A3BC502806F2D457C707C7FB66" box="[136,668,1179,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2D457C707C7FB66" blockId="5.[136,668,1179,1203]" box="[136,668,1179,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<heading id="DC585144BC502806F2D457C707C7FB66" box="[136,668,1179,1203]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F2D457C704BAFB66" bold="true" box="[136,481,1179,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F2D457C704DEFB66" ID-CoL="RHW5" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,389,1179,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shuangjinga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F2D457C704DEFB66" bold="true" box="[136,389,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Caryanda shuangjinga</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F94FAADBC502806F05C57C7071EFB66" box="[512,581,1179,1203]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[155,196,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[341,1260,265,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[189,1399,258,1921]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Habitus of adults, lateral view. 1–2. Caryanda amplexicerca Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007, ♂, ♀, paratypes. 3–4. C. cyanonota sp. nov., ♂, ♀. 5. C. shuangjianga sp. nov., ♂. Scale bars=5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616929/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F94FAADBC502806F00D57C707CEFB66" box="[593,661,1179,1203]" captionStart="Figs 20–26" captionStartId="6.[155,196,1535,1557]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,276,1475]" captionTargetId="figure-175@6.[189,1399,257,1504]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 20–26. Caryanda shuangjinga sp. nov. 20–21. Terminalia, ♂, dorsal and lateral views. 22–23. Phallic complex, lateral and apical views. 24–26. Epiphallus, lateral, dorsal and posterior views. Scale bars=1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616937/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">20–26</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB5B5A3BC502804F2E1578F00C6FE6D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E1578F04AEFAD8" blockId="5.[136,1452,1235,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Diagnosis. This new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F0DF578F0669FB3E" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[643,818,1235,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F0DF578F0669FB3E" box="[643,818,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">C. amplexicerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F135578F06A2FB3E" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[873,1017,1235,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanonota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F135578F06A2FB3E" box="[873,1017,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">C. cyanonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F65E578F0102FB3E" bold="true" box="[1026,1113,1235,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC502806F65E578F0102FB3E" box="[1026,1113,1235,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, but differs from the latter two by the characters listed in
<tableCitation id="CA2DD393BC502806F3C357A904B4FAD8" box="[415,495,1269,1293]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[136,192,382,403]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Comparison among Caryanda amplexicerca, C. cyanonota sp. nov. and C. shuangjianga sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" tableUuid="D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E156440599F816" blockId="5.[136,1452,1235,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Description. Male. Body small-sized. Head shorter than pronotum. Fastigium broad, width in front of eyes larger than length. Face sloping; frontal ridge straight in lateral view, longitudinally sulcated, lateral margins nearly parallel except faintly extended around median ocellus. Lateral facial keels thick and straight. Antennae filiform, just reaching coxa of hind leg, median segments about 2.3 times longer than wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.5 times as long as horizontal diameter, and about 2.4 times as long as subocular furrow. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, surface foveolate, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin distinctly concave; median carina faint, lateral carinae absent; three transverse sulci distinct; prozona 2.6 times as long as metazona; posteroventral corner of lateral lobe obtus. Prosternal spine conical, apex blunt. Mesosternal interspace about 1.8 times longer than minimum width; metasternal lobes almost contiguous. Tegmina narrow scale-like, 2.5 times as long as maximum width, apex just surpassing beyond posterior margin of 1
<superScript id="70DA4B60BC502806F35355100440F98F" attach="left" box="[271,283,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">st</superScript>
abdominal tergite. Hind femora with lower genicular lobes spined. Hind tibiae with apical half nearly cylindrical, with 7 external and 9 internal spines on dorsal side (not including a small external apical spine). Tympanum opened distinctly, oval. Tenth abdominal tergite narrowly divided but contiguous at very base in middle, with small furculae on posterior margin. Supra-anal plate nearly semicircular, maximum width 1.3 times as length; basal third with a broad median longitudinal sulcus, lateral areas concaved; lateral margins weakly risen; posterior margin triangularly protrudent, apex obtusely angular. Cerci strongly compressed, long triangular in lateral view, strongly incurved, apex obtuse and entad rolled. Epiphallus with lophi trapeziform in lateral view, pointing dorso-anteriorly, base as broad as top, apical outer angle nearly rounded; anchorae small, triangular; anterior projections with upper margins dorsad strongly bulging in lateral view; bridge divided in middle. Phallic complex with cingular valves entirely shielded by apical valves of penis; apical penis valves upcurved, distally widened as a reversed trapezoid in lateral view, apex lamellated in apical view.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E4B4FA26BC502806F6485B7600F0F794" box="[1044,1451,2090,2113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F6485B7600F0F794" blockId="5.[1044,1451,2090,2113]" box="[1044,1451,2090,2113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
©
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F6715B770050F795" box="[1069,1291,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(4): 451–458
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="D3D0B6A0BC532805F2C756A30687F9E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616937/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" startId="6.[155,196,1535,1557]" targetBox="[193,1394,276,1475]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC532805F2C756A30687F9E1" blockId="6.[155,1433,1535,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Figs 20–26.
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC532805F34556A304A2F9C1" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[281,505,1535,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shuangjinga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC532805F34556A304A2F9C1" box="[281,505,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Caryanda shuangjinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC532805F05E56A3070AF9C1" box="[514,593,1535,1556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
20–21. Terminalia, ♂, dorsal and lateral views. 22–23. Phallic complex, lateral and apical views. 24–26. Epiphallus, lateral, dorsal and posterior views. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC532805F2E1550201FAF893" blockId="6.[136,1452,1630,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Coloration. Male. Body green in dorsal. Head green except frons and gena greenish yellow; postocular bands black, continued on dorsal area of lateral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and 10th abdominal tergite. Eyes brown. Antennae with basal segments yellow, others black. Pronotum green in dorsal; lateral lobe yellow below postocular bands but median transverse sulcus and inferior margin black. Tegmina black. Fore and middle legs greenish yellow. Hind femora yellow except apical about two fifths red, knee black; hind tibiae blue, with a dark spot at base. Mesothorax and metathorax respectively with two yellow spots on episterna and epimera. Abdominal tergites green, with lateral lobes yellow on ventral areas; abdominal sternites yellow. Cerci and furculae black. Supra-anal plate mostly black.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC532805F2E1540D04D1F8BC" blockId="6.[136,1452,1630,2001]" box="[189,394,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC532805F2E15428010CF85E" blockId="6.[136,1452,1630,2001]" box="[189,1111,1907,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Measurements (mm). Body
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC532805F3B5542804A6F85E" box="[489,509,1908,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
18.0; pronotum
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC532805F0F254280799F85E" box="[686,706,1908,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
3.5; tegmen
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC532805F11254280639F85E" box="[846,866,1908,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2.8; hind femur
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC532805F64854280173F85E" box="[1044,1064,1908,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
9.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC532805F2E254CA0742F805" blockId="6.[136,1452,1630,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<materialsCitation id="37C7EC75BC532805F2E254CA0742F805" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319230301" collectingDate="2010-08-12" collectionCode="BMDU" collectorName="Ben-Yong Mao" country="China" elevation="190" latitude="23.45" location="Shuangjiang" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="99.96667" municipality="Material" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="67747C52BC532805F2E254CA0442F87B" box="[190,281,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined.
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,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC532805F07E54CA073FF87B" box="[546,612,1942,1966]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">China</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="E29B80EFBC532805F19654CA017AF87B" box="[970,1057,1942,1966]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="925" value="99.96667">99°58'E</geoCoordinate>
; elev. 2
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<elevation id="0C82011BBC532805F62A54CA01E2F87B" box="[1142,1209,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="F311C0E8BC532805F69054CA0021F87B" box="[1228,1402,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2010-08-12">
<collectingDate id="E3553900BC532805F69054CA0021F87B" box="[1228,1402,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2010-08-12">12 August 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2A5A83FEBC532805F2D454E50475F805" box="[136,302,1977,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Ben-Yong Mao</collectorName>
, deposited in
<collectionCode id="E1BE7EEDBC532805F39E54E5074EF805" box="[450,533,1977,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">BMDU</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E4B4FA26BC532805F2D45B760744F794" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC532805F2D45B760744F794" blockId="6.[136,543,2090,2113]" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
©
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC532805F2FC5B770424F795" box="[160,383,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(4): 451–458
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC522804F2E253B00044FED1" blockId="7.[136,1451,236,364]" box="[190,1311,236,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the
<typeStatus id="5814588ABC522804F0C253B10797FED0" box="[670,716,237,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">type</typeStatus>
locality, Shuangjiang County,
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC522804F64F53B10195FED1" box="[1043,1230,236,260]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC522804F68453B00040FED1" box="[1240,1307,236,260]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC522804F2E1525304A6FEF2" blockId="7.[136,1451,236,364]" box="[189,509,271,295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC522804F310525304D7FEF2" box="[332,396,271,295]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC522804F3C6525304A9FEF2" box="[410,498,271,295]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC522804F2E1526E05A8FEB9" blockId="7.[136,1451,236,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Biology. The species is infrequent in some grasses surrounding maize fields. Its preferred food plants remain still unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC522804F2D452FC00C6FE6D" blockId="7.[136,1437,416,440]" box="[136,1437,416,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC522804F2D452FC05B3FE6D" bold="true" box="[136,232,416,440]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" reason="1">Funding</emphasis>
The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC522804F60652FC01C1FE6D" box="[1114,1178,416,440]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">China</collectingCountry>
(30960057, 31260520).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

111
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D450C304D6FC62" bold="true" box="[136,397,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda amplexicerca</emphasis>
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Diagnosis. The
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F337508B04A1FC3A" box="[363,506,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">amplexicerca</emphasis>
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- species group shares the following diagnostic characters: male cerci compressed and triangular in lateral view, incurved and clasping-shaped in dorsal view; epiphallus with lophi nearly trapeziform; phallic complex with upcurved apical penis valves, distally widened gradually, reversedly trapeziform in lateral view, lamellate in apical view.
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This species group is endemic to
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with three species so far.
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Key to the male of
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1. Body bluish in dorsal, with a black triangular macula on head ...........................................................................
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F6885799000DFB0E" bold="true" box="[1236,1366,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">C. cyanonota</emphasis>
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Body green in dorsal, without any macula on head..............................................................................................................................2
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2. Hind femora red except basal about 1/10 yellow, with a yellow preapical ring; supra-anal plate nearly quadrate .....
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F756565900F1FACE" bold="true" box="[1290,1450,1285,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">C. amplexicerca</emphasis>
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Hind femora yellow except apical 2/5 red, without preapical ring; supra-anal plate nearly semicircular .....
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F6EF5679000CFAEE" bold="true" box="[1203,1367,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">C. shuangjianga</emphasis>
sp. nov.
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206
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D452F20432FE13" bold="true" box="[136,361,429,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D452F205AFFE13" bold="true" box="[136,244,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F2A752F10432FE13" author="Stal" box="[251,361,429,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref3925" refString="Stal, C. 1878. Systema Acridiodeorum. Essai d'une systematisation des acridiodees. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, 5 (4): 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1878">Stål, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D4528D042CFE33" ID-CoL="8NP38" authority="Stal, 1878: 47" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1878" box="[136,375,465,487]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D4528D05B3FE33" box="[136,232,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F2B2528D042CFE33" author="Stal" box="[238,375,465,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref3925" refString="Stal, C. 1878. Systema Acridiodeorum. Essai d'une systematisation des acridiodees. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, 5 (4): 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1878">Stål, 1878: 47</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type-species:
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F055528D0739FE33" box="[521,610,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Acridium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F02D528D07FFFE33" box="[625,676,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Oxya</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F0ED528E065BFE32" box="[689,768,466,487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">spurium</emphasis>
Stål, 1860
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2D452AD06D4FDD3" blockId="1.[136,1297,429,647]" box="[136,911,497,519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D452AD04F1FDD3" ID-CoL="8PP7Q" authority="Giglio-Tos, 1907: 9" authorityName="Giglio-Tos" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1907" box="[136,426,497,519]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Dibastica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D452AD05BEFDD3" box="[136,229,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Dibastica</emphasis>
Giglio-Tos, 1907: 9
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="060EC039BC542802F3E952AD0707FDD3" author="Hollis" box="[437,604,497,519]" page="217" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F3E952AD0707FDD3" author="Hollis" box="[437,604,497,519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="189 - 234" refId="ref3628" refString="Hollis, D. 1975. A review of the subfamily Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 31 (6): 189 - 234." type="journal article" year="1975">Hollis, 1975: 217</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F17D52AD06DAFDD3" ID-CoL="8NP38" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1878" box="[801,897,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F17D52AD06DAFDD3" box="[801,897,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2D4514D004AFDF3" blockId="1.[136,1297,429,647]" box="[136,1297,529,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<treatmentCitation id="060EC039BC542802F2D4514D04C1FDF3" author="Ramme" box="[136,410,529,550]" page="331" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D4514D04C1FDF3" ID-CoL="8NMWB" authority="Ramme, 1929: 331" authorityName="Ramme" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1929" box="[136,410,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Austenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D4514D0587FDF3" box="[136,220,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Austenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F2BE514D04C1FDF3" author="Ramme" box="[226,410,529,550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="247 - 493" refId="ref3853" refString="Ramme, W. 1929. Afrikanische Acrididae. Revisionen und Beschreibungen wenig bekannter und neuer Gattungen und Arten. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 15: 247 - 493." type="journal article" year="1929">Ramme, 1929: 331</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(nomen preoccupatum, nec Nevill, 1878);
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<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F16B514D0685FDF3" author="Hollis" box="[823,990,529,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="189 - 234" refId="ref3628" refString="Hollis, D. 1975. A review of the subfamily Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 31 (6): 189 - 234." type="journal article" year="1975">Hollis, 1975: 217</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F6F8514D005FFDF3" ID-CoL="8NP38" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1878" box="[1188,1284,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F6F8514D005FFDF3" box="[1188,1284,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2D4516D0181FD93" blockId="1.[136,1297,429,647]" box="[136,1242,561,583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7BFC106BC542802F2D4516D0181FD93" box="[136,1242,561,583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<treatmentCitation id="060EC039BC542802F2D4516D04E9FD93" author="Ramme" box="[136,434,561,582]" page="934" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D4516D04E9FD93" ID-CoL="8PN8N" authority="Ramme, 1931: 934" authorityName="Ramme" authorityPageNumber="934" authorityYear="1931" box="[136,434,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Austeniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D4516D05AFFD93" box="[136,244,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Austeniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F2A6516D04E9FD93" author="Ramme" box="[250,434,561,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="918 - 945" refId="ref3887" refString="Ramme, W. 1931. Erganzungen und Berichtigungen zu meiner Arbeit &quot; Afrikanische Acrididae &quot; (Orth.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 16 (6): 918 - 945." type="journal article" year="1931">Ramme, 1931: 934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F0CB516D07B0FD93" authorityName="Ramme" authorityYear="1929" box="[663,747,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Austenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F0CB516D07B0FD93" box="[663,747,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Austenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="060EC039BC542802F0A3516D06FCFD93" author="Hollis" box="[767,935,561,583]" page="217" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F0A3516D06FCFD93" author="Hollis" box="[767,935,561,583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="189 - 234" refId="ref3628" refString="Hollis, D. 1975. A review of the subfamily Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 31 (6): 189 - 234." type="journal article" year="1975">Hollis, 1975: 217</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F630516D0197FD93" ID-CoL="8NP38" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1878" box="[1132,1228,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F630516D0197FD93" box="[1132,1228,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2D4510E069FFDB3" blockId="1.[136,1297,429,647]" box="[136,964,593,615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7BFC106BC542802F2D4510E069FFDB3" box="[136,964,593,615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<treatmentCitation id="060EC039BC542802F2D4510E04FAFDB3" author="Tinkham" box="[136,417,593,615]" page="313" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D4510E04FAFDB3" authority="Tinkham, 1940: 313" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityPageNumber="313" authorityYear="1940" box="[136,417,593,615]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Tszacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D4510E058DFDB2" box="[136,214,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Tszacris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33E9BD9BC542802F287510D04FAFDB3" author="Tinkham" box="[219,417,593,615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" pagination="269 - 382" refId="ref3957" refString="Tinkham, E. R. 1940. Taxonomic and biological studies on the Cyrtacanthacrinae of South China. Lingnan Science Journal, 19 (3): 269 - 382." type="journal article" year="1940">Tinkham, 1940: 313</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; Li, Xia,
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F3A7510E0777FDB3" box="[507,556,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 103 (junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F10B510D06ECFDB3" ID-CoL="8NP38" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1878" box="[855,951,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F10B510D06ECFDB3" box="[855,951,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2D4512D0107FD53" blockId="1.[136,1297,429,647]" box="[136,1116,625,647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D4512D04AEFD52" authority="Mao &amp; Ren, 2007: 366" authorityName="Mao &amp; Ren" authorityPageNumber="366" authorityYear="2007" box="[136,501,625,647]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Sinocaryanda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D4512D0456FD53" box="[136,269,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Sinocaryanda</emphasis>
Mao &amp; Ren, 2007: 366
</taxonomicName>
; Mao, Ren &amp; Ou, 2011: 60, 296 (junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F1B2512D0115FD53" ID-CoL="8NP38" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1878" box="[1006,1102,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F1B2512D0115FD53" box="[1006,1102,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB5B5A3BC542802F2E151FA07F4FCBE" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="description">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2E151FA0103FCF3" blockId="1.[136,1452,678,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
Generic diagnosis. Body small sized. Pronotum with posterior margin incised in middle; median carina weakly indicated; lateral carina absent. Tegmina scale-like, laterally situated. Hind femora with lower genicular lobes spined. Hind tibiae cylindrical, not expanded in apical half, external apical spines present. In male, furculae horizontally present or rarely absent on hind margin of 10
<superScript id="70DA4B60BC542802F3A55055075DFCC2" attach="left" box="[505,518,777,791]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">th</superScript>
abdominal tergite; subgenital plate moderately conical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2E1506C07F4FCBE" blockId="1.[136,1452,678,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
Distribution. Oriental (
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F3ED506C04AEFC9D" box="[433,501,816,840]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F05C506D0710FC9D" box="[512,587,817,840]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Burma</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F009506C07D4FC9D" box="[597,655,816,840]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F0C5506C065FFC9D" box="[665,772,816,840]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F152506C06D2FC9D" box="[782,905,816,840]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F1C8506C06A4FC9D" box="[916,1023,816,840]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F656506C0137FC9D" box="[1034,1132,816,840]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F62A506C018EFC9D" box="[1142,1237,816,840]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
), Australasian (New
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F2D4500F0582FCBE" box="[136,217,851,875]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Guinea</collectingCountry>
), Ethiopian (
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F33D500F04F7FCBE" box="[353,428,851,875]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F3EB500F0719FCBE" box="[439,578,851,875]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
) Regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

168
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<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D4563307C0FA52" ID-CoL="RHTT" authority="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[136,667,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
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<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D4563304D6FA52" bold="true" box="[136,397,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda amplexicerca</emphasis>
Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007
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(
<figureCitation id="1F94FAADBC542802F0E056330640FA52" box="[700,795,1391,1415]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[155,196,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[341,1260,265,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[189,1399,258,1921]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Habitus of adults, lateral view. 1–2. Caryanda amplexicerca Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007, ♂, ♀, paratypes. 3–4. C. cyanonota sp. nov., ♂, ♀. 5. C. shuangjianga sp. nov., ♂. Scale bars=5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616929/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F94FAADBC542802F17B56330606FA52" box="[807,861,1391,1415]" captionStart="Figs 6–10" captionStartId="3.[155,196,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,1228,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-431@3.[189,1399,1222,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 6–10. Caryanda amplexicerca Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007. 6–7. Phallic complex, apical and lateral views. 8–10. Epiphallus, lateral, dorsal and posterior views. Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">6–10</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F2D456CE07E0FA72" ID-CoL="RHTT" authority="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007: 758 - 762" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityPageNumber="758 - 762" authorityYear="2007" box="[136,699,1425,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F2D456CE0435FA72" box="[136,366,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Caryanda amplexicerca</emphasis>
Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007: 758–762
</taxonomicName>
; Mao, Ren &amp; Ou, 2011: 75.
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<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2E2569B04C2F9BC" blockId="1.[136,1452,1479,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Description. Epiphallus with lophi trapeziform, pointing dorsad, base narrower than top, apical outer angles obtuse; anchorae large, triangular; anterior projections with posterior sides faintly backward bulging in lateral view; bridge divided in middle. Phallic complex with cingular valves almost shielded by apical valves of penis, fused apically; apical penis valves upcurved, distally widened shaped like a reversed trapezoid and with an impression at preapical area in lateral view, lamellated in apical view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2E155280658F904" blockId="1.[136,1452,1479,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
<materialsCitation id="37C7EC75BC542802F2E1552805E7F97A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319230302" collectingDate="2006-09-03" collectionCode="SFU" collectorName="Qing Liu" country="China" location="Kafang" municipality="Gejiu" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="5814588ABC542802F3C95528075BF959" box="[405,512,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC542802F05655280770F95E" box="[522,555,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC542802F06555280700F95E" box="[569,603,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F035552807F0F959" box="[617,683,1652,1676]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">China</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="67747C52BC542802F14955280608F959" box="[789,851,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Gejiu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8270B0F3BC542802F102552806F4F959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F06573EBC542802F2D4563305E5F8AA:8270B0F3BC542802F102552806F4F959" box="[862,943,1652,1676]" country="China" municipality="Gejiu" name="Kafang" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" stateProvince="Yunnan">Kafang</location>
,
<date id="F311C0E8BC542802F1E7552801DBF959" box="[955,1152,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2006-09-03">
<collectingDate id="E3553900BC542802F1E7552801DBF959" box="[955,1152,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2006-09-03">3 September 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2A5A83FEBC542802F6E655280045F959" box="[1210,1310,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Qing Liu</collectorName>
, deposited in
<collectionCode id="E1BE7EEDBC542802F2D455CB05E7F97A" box="[136,188,1687,1711]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kb3t-9jg8" name="Shanghai Fisheries University" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">SFU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="37C7EC75BC542802F29255CB07A4F904" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319230304" collectingDate="2009-09-30" collectionCode="BMDU" collectorName="Ben-Yong Mao" country="China" elevation="709" latitude="23.25" location="Kafang" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="103.15" municipality="Gejiu" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCount="37" specimenCount-female="19" specimenCount-male="18" stateProvince="Yunnan">
Other material examined.
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC542802F3A055CB0771F97B" box="[508,554,1687,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="male">18♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC542802F06355CB0735F97B" box="[575,622,1687,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="female">19♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F0DF55CB079DF97A" box="[643,710,1687,1711]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC542802F08455CB0677F97B" box="[728,812,1687,1710]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="67747C52BC542802F16255CB0627F97A" box="[830,892,1687,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Gejiu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8270B0F3BC542802F1D255CB0686F97A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F06573EBC542802F2D4563305E5F8AA:8270B0F3BC542802F1D255CB0686F97A" box="[910,989,1687,1711]" country="China" latitude="23.25" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="103.15" municipality="Gejiu" name="Kafang" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" stateProvince="Yunnan">Kafang</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E29B80EFBC542802F1A855CA0114F97B" box="[1012,1103,1686,1710]" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" precision="925" value="23.25">23°15'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E29B80EFBC542802F63D55CB019DF97A" box="[1121,1222,1687,1711]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" precision="925" value="103.15">103°09'E</geoCoordinate>
; elev. 1
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<elevation id="0C82011BBC542802F77255CB002DF97A" box="[1326,1398,1687,1711]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="709.0">709 m</elevation>
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),
<date id="F311C0E8BC542802F7CC55CB0462F904" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2009-09-30">
<collectingDate id="E3553900BC542802F7CC55CB0462F904" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2009-09-30">30 September 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2A5A83FEBC542802F32E55E60743F904" box="[370,536,1722,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Ben-Yong Mao</collectorName>
, deposited in
<collectionCode id="E1BE7EEDBC542802F0F755E607A4F904" box="[683,767,1722,1745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">BMDU</collectionCode>
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.
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Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC542802F310558004D7F921" box="[332,396,1756,1780]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC542802F3C6558004A9F921" box="[410,498,1756,1780]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2E155A3078DF8EC" blockId="1.[136,1452,1479,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
Biology.
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F37F55A3048FF8C2" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[291,468,1791,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F37F55A3048FF8C2" box="[291,468,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">C. amplexicerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very common in grasslands on mountain slope from Gejiu,
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC542802F6CF55A30016F8C2" box="[1171,1357,1791,1815]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
and has been observed feeding
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F323547D0720F8EC" box="[383,635,1825,1849]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oplismenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compositus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F323547D0720F8EC" box="[383,635,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Oplismenus compositus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in field.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC542802F2E1541805E5F8AA" blockId="1.[136,1452,1479,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
Remarks. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC542802F0495418069CF889" authority="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[533,967,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC542802F0495418079FF889" box="[533,708,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">C. amplexicerca</emphasis>
Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007
</taxonomicName>
was not described formerly, and is described here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="555F28702D9CD9EF5EDA0A4B59C630E1">Li, Miao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="32A91B146CAD8408C7E435AE8323CC1D">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F1854F91CF6BDE6F9BCBF101F51A7D87">
<mods:date id="EA3EA6A0AF1A393BA1BE2CC8B859D070">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="66C86AB6B5712EAA19F2DE099336D85B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8936514ABAA09DB96D1BCDE543A0EF0E">2015-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="71CC61F281F93DC0395A6F980AF27457">40</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C90B5C3C8E7FCA2B810781C1F1371686">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E3FDC587D7990395B0FF3A52298BB5CC">http://zoobank.org/91a387dd-2a71-4166-8680-47ffb782ab6d</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="55D778D38A082F91A73D9953A163B8F9" type="CLB-Dataset">5630</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="324CDC8C0E87D658801D31E624692D74" type="DOI">10.11865/zs.20150403</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="27CC13B838AA30C3C89FA872635B2B0F" type="GBIF-Dataset">5572f2ca-47f3-49a3-9e11-6ba404d5cb3e</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F06573EBC562806F2D453B006DDFBB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5079756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F06573EBC562806F2D453B006DDFBB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F06573EBC562806F2D453B006DDFBB3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<subSubSection id="CFB5B5A3BC562800F2D453B007C4FED0" box="[136,671,236,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562800F2D453B007C4FED0" blockId="3.[136,671,236,261]" box="[136,671,236,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<heading id="DC585144BC562800F2D453B007C4FED0" box="[136,671,236,261]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F2D453B00492FED0" bold="true" box="[136,457,236,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F2D453B00436FED1" ID-CoL="5XDGJ" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,365,236,260]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanonota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F2D453B00436FED1" bold="true" box="[136,365,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Caryanda cyanonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC562800F32853B10492FED0" box="[372,457,237,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F94FAADBC562800F3B553B00712FED0" box="[489,585,236,261]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[155,196,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[341,1260,265,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[189,1399,258,1921]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Habitus of adults, lateral view. 1–2. Caryanda amplexicerca Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007, ♂, ♀, paratypes. 3–4. C. cyanonota sp. nov., ♂, ♀. 5. C. shuangjianga sp. nov., ♂. Scale bars=5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616929/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F94FAADBC562800F00853B107CCFED0" box="[596,663,237,261]" captionStart="Figs 11–19" captionStartId="4.[156,197,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,285,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-195@4.[190,1400,272,1482]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 11–19. Caryanda cyanonota sp. nov. 11–12. Terminalia, ♂, dorsal and lateral views. 13–14. Abdominal apex, ♀, lateral and ventral views. 15–16. Phallic complex, lateral and apical views. 17–19. Epiphallus, dorsal, lateral and posterior views. Scale bars= 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616935/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">11–19</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB5B5A3BC562806F2E1527806DDFBB3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562800F2E15278077FFE8A" blockId="3.[136,1451,292,351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
Diagnosis. This new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F0D452780662FEE9" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[648,825,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F0D452780662FEE9" box="[648,825,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. amplexicerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F12D5278017FFEE9" box="[881,1060,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. shuangjianga</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F671527801DEFEE9" bold="true" box="[1069,1157,292,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">sp. nov.</emphasis>
, but differs from the latter two by the characters listed in
<tableCitation id="CA2DD393BC562800F392521A0746FE8A" box="[462,541,326,351]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[136,192,382,403]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Comparison among Caryanda amplexicerca, C. cyanonota sp. nov. and C. shuangjianga sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" tableUuid="D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46" ID-Table-UUID="D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46" box="[136,1188,381,403]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3D0B6A0BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" startId="3.[136,192,382,403]" targetBox="[136,1433,429,708]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562800F2D4522201FFFE46" blockId="3.[136,1188,381,403]" box="[136,1188,381,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
Table 1. Comparison among
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F3F3522107C2FE46" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[431,665,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F3F3522107C2FE46" bold="true" box="[431,665,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Caryanda amplexicerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F0F95221067CFE46" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[677,807,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanonota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F0F95221067CFE46" bold="true" box="[677,807,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. cyanonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC562800F17252220621FE46" box="[814,890,382,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F1F15221010AFE46" bold="true" box="[941,1105,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. shuangjianga</emphasis>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562800F2D452F1004AFD11" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<table id="F5AF1488BC56D7FCF2D452F100C2FD11" box="[136,1433,429,708]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D452F100C2FE16" box="[136,1433,429,451]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D452F10452FE16" box="[136,265,429,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Characters</th>
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF37052F107C1FE16" box="[300,666,429,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F37052F10493FE17" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[300,456,429,450]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F37052F10493FE17" box="[300,456,429,450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. amplexicerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB52F1015BFE16" box="[695,1024,429,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F0EB52F1066CFE17" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[695,823,429,450]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanonota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F0EB52F1066CFE17" box="[695,823,429,450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. cyanonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F16152F106D1FE17" bold="true" box="[829,906,429,450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC562800F16152F106D1FE17" box="[829,906,429,450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF66052F100C2FE16" box="[1084,1433,429,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F66052F10180FE17" box="[1084,1243,429,450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. shuangjianga</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F6BD52F10075FE17" bold="true" box="[1249,1326,429,450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D4529200C2FE31" box="[136,1433,462,484]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D452920452FE31" box="[136,265,462,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Male</th>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF370529207C1FE31" box="[300,666,462,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Quadrate, wider fairly than long, apex</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB5292015BFE31" box="[695,1024,462,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Quadrate, wider fairly than long,</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF660529200C2FE31" box="[1084,1433,462,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Semicircular, wider strongly than</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D452B200C2FDD1" box="[136,1433,494,516]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D452B20452FDD1" box="[136,265,494,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">supra-anal</th>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF37052B207C1FDD1" box="[300,666,494,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">rounded</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB52B2015BFDD1" box="[695,1024,494,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">apex rectangular</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF66052B200C2FDD1" box="[1084,1433,494,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">long, apex obtusely angular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D4515200C2FDF1" box="[136,1433,526,548]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D4515200C2FDF1" box="[136,1433,526,548]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">plate</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D4517200C2FD91" box="[136,1433,558,580]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D451720452FD91" box="[136,265,558,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Lophi of</th>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF370517207C1FD91" box="[300,666,558,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Base narrower than top</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB5172015BFD91" box="[695,1024,558,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Base broader than top</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF660517200C2FD91" box="[1084,1433,558,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Base as broad as top</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D4511200C2FDB1" box="[136,1433,590,612]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D4511200C2FDB1" box="[136,1433,590,612]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">epiphallus</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D4513200C2FD51" box="[136,1433,622,644]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D451320452FD51" box="[136,265,622,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Coloration of</th>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF370513207C1FD51" box="[300,666,622,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Green in dorsal; hind femora red</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB5132015BFD51" box="[695,1024,622,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Blueish in dorsal; hind femora red</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF660513200C2FD51" box="[1084,1433,622,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Green in dorsal; hind femora yellow</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D451D200C2FD71" box="[136,1433,654,676]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<th id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF2D451D20452FD71" box="[136,265,654,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">male</th>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF37051D207C1FD71" box="[300,666,654,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">except basal about tenth yellow, with</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB51D2015BFD71" box="[695,1024,654,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">except basal about fourth yellow,</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF66051D200C2FD71" box="[1084,1433,654,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">except apical about two fifths red,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399FE46ABC56D7FCF2D451F200C2FD11" box="[136,1433,686,708]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF37051F207C1FD11" box="[300,666,686,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">a yellow preapical ring</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF0EB51F2015BFD11" box="[695,1024,686,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">with a yellow preapical ring</td>
<td id="7A4E8D16BC56D7FCF66051F200C2FD11" box="[1084,1433,686,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">without preapical ring</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562807F2E151A80149F973" blockId="3.[136,1459,756,1161]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,1531,2014]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
Description. Body small-sized. Head shorter than pronotum. Fastigium broad, width in front of eyes larger than length. Face sloping; frontal ridge laterally straight with shallow-longitudinal sulcus, lateral margins nearly parallel except somewhat extended around median ocellus. Lateral facial keels thick and straight. Antennae filiform, just reaching coxa of hind leg (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F2AE5000045DFCA6" box="[242,262,860,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or approaching posterior margin of pronotum (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F14850000673FCA6" box="[788,808,860,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), median segments about 3.1–3.5 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F6FB500001E0FCA6" box="[1191,1211,860,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 2.2–2.6 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F7105000003BFCA6" box="[1356,1376,860,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times longer than wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.4–1.5 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F10B50230630FC43" box="[855,875,895,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 1.5 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F190502306BBFC43" box="[972,992,895,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as horizontal diameter, and about 2.2–2.5 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F36850FD0413FC6D" box="[308,328,929,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 2.0–2.2 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F3B850FD04A3FC6D" box="[484,504,929,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as subocular furrow. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, surface foveolate, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin moderately (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F17950980662FC0E" box="[805,825,964,987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or slightly (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F19650980685FC0E" box="[970,990,964,987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) concave; median carina indistinct, lateral carinae absent; three transverse sulci distinct; prozona 2.2–2.4 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F16450BB0617FC2B" box="[824,844,999,1022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 2.1 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F1F150BB069AFC2B" box="[941,961,999,1022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as metazona; lateral lobe with posteroventral corner obtus. Prosternal spine conical, apex acute. Mesosternal interspace about 1.5–1.6 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F6B05755005BFBF5" box="[1260,1280,1033,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 1.1–1.3 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F7D3575500F8FBF5" box="[1423,1443,1033,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as minimum width; metasternal lobes almost contiguous (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F1C0577006EBFB96" box="[924,944,1068,1091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or separated (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F60457700137FB96" box="[1112,1132,1068,1091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Tegmina narrow scale-like, 2.4–2.9 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F2B5571305A6FBB3" box="[233,253,1103,1126]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 2.7–2.8 (
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC562800F3D1571304FAFBB3" box="[397,417,1103,1126]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as maximum width, apex reaching at or just surpassing beyond posterior margin of 1
<superScript id="70DA4B60BC562800F2EA57310599FBAE" attach="left" box="[182,194,1133,1147]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">st</superScript>
abdominal tergite in both sexes. Hind femora with upper carina smooth and terminating in an acute angle; lower genicular lobes spined. Hind tibiae with apical half nearly cylindrical, with 6–7 external and 8–9 internal spines on dorsal side (not including a small external apical spine). Tympanum opened distinctly, oval.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3D0B6A0BC562800F2C754CA070DF81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616931/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" startId="3.[155,196,1942,1964]" targetBox="[200,1374,1228,1874]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562800F2C754CA070DF81E" blockId="3.[155,1433,1942,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
Figs 6–10.
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC562800F35B54CA0782F87E" authority="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007" authorityName="Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng" authorityYear="2007" box="[263,729,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplexicerca">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F35B54CA04B6F87E" box="[263,493,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Caryanda amplexicerca</emphasis>
Ou, Liu &amp; Zheng, 2007
</taxonomicName>
. 6–7. Phallic complex, apical and lateral views. 8–10. Epiphallus, lateral, dorsal and posterior views. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E4B4FA26BC562800F6485B7600F0F794" box="[1044,1451,2090,2113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC562800F6485B7600F0F794" blockId="3.[1044,1451,2090,2113]" box="[1044,1451,2090,2113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
©
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC562800F6715B770050F795" box="[1069,1291,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(4): 451–458
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="D3D0B6A0BC512807F2C056A70583F985" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" startId="4.[156,197,1531,1553]" targetBox="[203,1391,285,1462]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC512807F2C056A70583F985" blockId="4.[136,1452,1531,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
Figs 11–19.
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC512807F34B56A704B8F9C4" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[279,483,1531,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanonota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC512807F34B56A704B8F9C4" box="[279,483,1531,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Caryanda cyanonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC512807F3B756A70762F9C5" bold="true" box="[491,569,1531,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC512807F3B756A70762F9C5" box="[491,569,1531,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
11–12. Terminalia, ♂, dorsal and lateral views. 13–14. Abdominal apex, ♀, lateral and ventral views. 15–16. Phallic complex, lateral and apical views. 17–19. Epiphallus, dorsal, lateral and posterior views. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC512807F2E155ED0749F80B" blockId="4.[136,1452,1531,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">In male, tenth abdominal tergite narrowly divided in middle but contiguous at base, with small furculae on posterior margin. Supra-anal plate nearly quadrate, maximum width 1.1 times as length; basal half with broad median longitudinal sulcus, lateral areas little concaved; lateral margins arched, weakly risen at basal half; posterior margin straight on both sides, triangular in middle, apex rectangular. Cerci compressed, gradually narrowing apically, long triangular in lateral view, incurved in dorsal view, apex acute. Epiphallus with lophi trapeziform in lateral view, pointing dorsad, base broader than top, apical outer angle arched; anchorae small, dactyloid; anterior projections with upper margins dorsad strongly bulging in lateral view; bridge divided in middle. Phallic complex with cingular valves mostly shielded by apical valves of penis, leaving only apex; apical penis valves upcurved, distally widened and shaped like a reversed trapezoid in lateral view, apex lamellated in apical view.</paragraph>
<footnote id="E4B4FA26BC512807F2D45B760744F794" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<paragraph id="8710E628BC512807F2D45B760744F794" blockId="4.[136,543,2090,2113]" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
©
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC512807F2FC5B770424F795" box="[160,383,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(4): 451–458
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E253B1067EFE9F" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">In female, cerci conical; subgenital plate with a median concavity in posterior half, posterior margin nearly straight at both sides and with a shallow concave in middle; ventral basivalvular sclerite with inner margins hardly contiguous with each other; ovipositor valves unevenly serrated along margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E152080605FD8A" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Coloration. Male. Head blue, with a triangular black spot on dorsum; postocular bands black, continued on dorsal area of lateral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and 10th abdominal tergite. Eyes brown. Antennae with basal segments grey, others black. Pronotum blue except three transverse sulci black in dorsal; lateral lobe with two yellowish white maculae on midio-area, inferior margin black. Tegmina black. Fore and middle legs yellow except tibiae and tarsi bluish green. Hind femora red except basal about fourth yellow, with a yellow preapical ring, knee black; hind tibiae basal tenth black, others blue; hind tarsi bluish, claws with apical half black. Mesothorax and metathorax respectively with two yellow spots in episterna and epimera. Abdominal tergites blue in dorsal, lateral lobes yellow in ventral areas; abdominal sternites and terminalia yellow. Cerci black. Supra-anal plate black in apical half.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E151360164FD3C" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Female light brown. Head light brown except frons and genae yellowish white; postocular bands brown. Eyes brown. Antennae brown. Pronotum light brown in dorsal, lateral lobes with midio-areas yellowish white, inferior margins black. Tegmina brown. Fore and middle legs green yellow. Hind femora brownish red, but basal about two fifths green yellow, knee black; hind tibiae and tarsi bluish, claws black in apical half. Abdomen light brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E151A90778FCFA" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Measurements (mm). Body
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F3B651A904A5FCD9" box="[490,510,757,780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
18.8–20.7,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F02151A907CAFCD9" box="[637,657,757,780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
26.0–27.0; pronotum
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F1DC51A906CFFCD9" box="[896,916,757,780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
3.5–3.8,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F1A551A90156FCD9" box="[1017,1037,757,780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
5.2–5.5; tegmen
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F69451A90187FCD9" box="[1224,1244,757,780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
3.1–3.2,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F71D51A9000EFCD9" box="[1345,1365,757,780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3.7–4.3; hind femur
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F359504B0442FCFB" box="[261,281,791,814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
10.7–11.5,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F3CA504B04F1FCFB" box="[406,426,791,814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
13.8–15.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E150650127FCA1" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<materialsCitation id="37C7EC75BC502806F2E150650122FCA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319230303" collectingDate="2012-11-01" collectionCode="BMDU" collectorName="Ben-Yong Mao &amp; Miao Li." country="China" elevation="118" latitude="22.633333" location="Ximeng" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="99.583336" municipality="Material" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCount="25" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="17" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="67747C52BC502806F2E15065044CFC84" box="[189,279,825,849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined.
<typeStatus id="5814588ABC502806F3C4506504A0FC84" box="[408,507,825,849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F05950660742FC84" box="[517,537,826,849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC502806F07450650731FC84" box="[552,618,825,849]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC502806F02450660797FC84" box="[632,716,826,849]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8270B0F3BC502806F08550650674FC84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F06573EBC562806F2D453B006DDFBB3:8270B0F3BC502806F08550650674FC84" box="[729,815,825,849]" country="China" latitude="22.633333" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="99.583336" municipality="Material" name="Ximeng" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" stateProvince="Yunnan">Ximeng</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E29B80EFBC502806F11C506606C0FC87" box="[832,923,826,850]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="925" value="22.633333">22°38'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E29B80EFBC502806F1F45065015BFC84" box="[936,1024,825,849]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="925" value="99.583336">99°35'E</geoCoordinate>
; elev. 1
<quantity id="40574BCDBC502806F605506601C7FC87" box="[1113,1180,826,850]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="118.0">
<elevation id="0C82011BBC502806F605506601C7FC87" box="[1113,1180,826,850]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="118.0">118 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="F311C0E8BC502806F6ED50660023FC87" box="[1201,1400,826,850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2012-11-01">
<collectingDate id="E3553900BC502806F6ED50660023FC87" box="[1201,1400,826,850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2012-11-01">1 November 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2A5A83FEBC502806F2D450010477FCA1" box="[136,300,861,885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ben-Yong Mao</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="2A5A83FEBC502806F33C500004E5FCA1" box="[352,446,860,884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Miao Li.</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="5814588ABC502806F3985001076BFCA0" box="[452,560,861,885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F06650000733FCA1" box="[570,616,860,884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="male">16♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91A92DA1BC502806F02A500107CCFCA1" box="[630,663,861,885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="female">8♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, deposited in
<collectionCode id="E1BE7EEDBC502806F67950010122FCA1" box="[1061,1145,861,884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">BMDU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E150230400FC6F" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin “
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F10F50DC06C8FC42" box="[851,915,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">cyano</emphasis>
-” and “
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F1B150DC016BFC42" box="[1005,1072,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">notum</emphasis>
”, referring to the dorsum of male body being blueish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E1509804A6FC09" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" box="[189,509,964,988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="FFB8A6B8BC502806F310509804D7FC09" box="[332,396,964,988]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC502806F3C6509804A9FC09" box="[410,498,964,988]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8710E628BC502806F2E150BB06DDFBB3" blockId="5.[136,1459,236,1127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Biology.
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F37850BB04E3FC2A" authority="Mao &amp; Li, 2015" authorityName="Mao &amp; Li" authorityYear="2015" box="[292,440,999,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Caryanda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanonota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F37850BB04E3FC2A" box="[292,440,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">C. cyanonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F39850BB0744FC2A" bold="true" box="[452,543,999,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE88741BC502806F39850BB0744FC2A" box="[452,543,999,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
lives on the leaves of some
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F12C50BB06BEFC2A" box="[880,997,999,1023]" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gramineae</taxonomicName>
tussock grasses under south subtropical broad-leaf shrub, which grows in the wet and half shady zone at medium elevation (1
<quantity id="40574BCDBC502806F6795756013DFBF7" box="[1061,1126,1034,1058]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
) in
<collectingRegion id="456B28CABC502806F6CD575601BDFBF4" box="[1169,1254,1034,1057]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
. The food plant of this species have not been definitely determined in field, but in laboratory, it appears to feed on some grass, such as
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F2D45713040DFBB2" box="[136,342,1103,1127]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arthraxon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F2D45713040DFBB2" box="[136,342,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Arthraxon hispidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F33F57130704FBB2" box="[355,607,1103,1127]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oplismenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compositus">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F33F57130704FBB2" box="[355,607,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Oplismenus compositus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40AF9DABBC502806F0CF571306DBFBB2" box="[659,896,1103,1127]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Echinochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crusgalli">
<emphasis id="B5DB3A3ABC502806F0CF571306DBFBB2" box="[659,896,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Echinochloa crusgalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

285
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21C0184D-3CF3-4AC5-94A4-C345E7DDC3D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0711D05B435F61B790DB41BC917014" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/21C0184D-3CF3-4AC5-94A4-C345E7DDC3D1" authority="Belokobylskij &amp; Ku, 2023" authorityName="Belokobylskij &amp; Ku" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cosmophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jejuensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Eucosmophorus">Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis sp. nov. (female, holotype) A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, front view D head, dorsal view E head and antenna, lateral view F face and mandible, front view G propodeum, first and second metasomal tergites, dorsal view H mesosoma, dorsal view I mesosoma, lateral view J tip of ovipositor, lateral view K hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839875" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis sp. nov. (female, holotype) A fore wing B hind wing C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839876" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Holotype</emphasis>
: female, &quot;Korea (JJ), Muljangori, Bonggae-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, VIII.12-VIII.29.2017 (Malaise Trap) [Hyung-Keun Lee leg.]&quot; (NIBR).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 1 female, &quot;Korea (JJ), Mulyeongari, Sumang-ri, Namwon-up, Seoqwipo-si, Jeju-do, VI.03-VI.17.2017 (Malaise Trap) [Hyung-Keun Lee leg.]&quot; (SMNE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Female.</emphasis>
Body length 2.4-3.0 mm; fore wing length 1.7-2.2 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Head</emphasis>
: Width of head 1.3-1.4 times its median length, equal to its maximum length, 1.35-1.45 times its maximum height (without mandible), 1.3 times width of meso-scutum. Vertex with wide and shallow medial longitudinal depression. Occiput strongly concave. Temples behind eyes weakly convex in anterior 1/2-3/5, than weakly and roundly narrowed, 1.1-1.3 times longer than transverse diameter of eye. Frons medially distinctly concave, with distinct, relatively low, but higher anteriorly, median longitudinal carinae, which distinctly divergent anteriorly at short distance on antennal sockets. Ocelli medium-sized, arranged in triangle with base 1.4-1.5 times its lateral sides; posterior margin of anterior ocellus placed weakly before line between anterior margins of lateral ocelli. POL 2.8-3.0 times Od, 1.3-1.4 times OOL. Eye subround, Eye with rather sparse and short setae, 1.05-1.15 times as high as broad. Malar suture invisible. Malar space very narrow, 0.10-0.15 times height of eye, 0.1-0.2 times basal width of mandible. Antennal protuberances with one wide, relatively long and acuminate apical antero-medial tooth. Clypeus very narrow, almost straight ventrally. Upper tentorial pit rather distinct, situated between eye and antennal socket and almost connected with socket its outer border. Face 2.0-2.4 times wider than its medial height with antennal protuberances. Mandible wide, widened towards basal 3/5-2/3 and then strongly narrowed towards apex, with distinct submedial ventral corner and small tubercle on lower margin, with small but wide corner in upper margin, with two apical teeth, upper tooth short and obtuse, lower tooth longest and acuminate. Length of mandible 2.0 times its maximum submedial width. Occipital carina present only in ventral 1/3, absent widely upper and upper-laterally, below fused with distinct hypostomal carina.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839875" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belokobylskij &amp; Ku" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cosmophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jejuensis" subGenus="Eucosmophorus">Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (female, holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
head, front view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">E</emphasis>
head and antenna, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">F</emphasis>
face and mandible, front view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G</emphasis>
propodeum, first and second metasomal tergites, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">H</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">I</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">J</emphasis>
tip of ovipositor, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">K</emphasis>
hind leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Antenna</emphasis>
: Antenna slender, almost filiform, 18-20-segmented, flagellum weakly compressed and segment concave below (if antenna directed posteriorly). Scape subcylindrical, distinctly widened towards apex (lateral view), not depressed, with two distinct and acuminate teeth on its anterior apical side; length of scape 1.5-1.6 times its maximum width (lateral view), 1.3-1.5 times longer than rather narrow pedicel. First flagellar segment 3.3-3.8 times longer than its apical width, 1.1-1.3 times longer than widened second segment. Second flagellar segment 2.2 times longer than its maximum width. Length of penultimate segment 2.5-3.0 times its width, 1.2-1.3 times longer than shortened apical segment; the latter weakly acuminate or obtuse.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839876" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belokobylskij &amp; Ku" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cosmophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jejuensis" subGenus="Eucosmophorus">Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (female, holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
fore wing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
hind wing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Mesosoma</emphasis>
: Length of mesosoma 1.9-2.1 times its maximum height. Dorsal part of mesosoma weakly convex (lateral view). Oblique short and crenulate notauli present only on vertical part of mesoscutum, completely absent on its horizontal part. Prescutellar depression short, with six-seven carinae, smooth between carinae, 0.2-0.3 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum without posterior transverse depression, completely smooth. Subalar depression distinct but shallow, rather narrow, densely reticulate-rugose and sometimes with oblique striation. Precoxal sulcus distinct, long, narrow, crenulate-rugulose, strongly curved up in posterior 2/3 and prolonged towards mesopleural pit and pleural suture. Prepectal carina present but fine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Wings</emphasis>
: Length of fore wing 2.6-2.9 times its width. Length of pterostigma 2.7-3.1 times its maximum width. Metacarp (1-R1) strongly desclerotised and lost distally. Radial (marginal) cell strongly shortened, open apically; anterior margin of radial (marginal) cell 0.9-1.0 times as long as pterostigma and 1.7-2.4 times as long as distance from apex of radial (marginal) cell to apex of wing. Radial vein (r) arising behind middle of pterostigma, its first abscissa (r) more or less distinctly thickened and short, 0.3-0.4 times as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Second abscissa of radial vein (3-SR + SR1) evenly regularly curved and transparent (discolored), absent apically at short distance. Parallel vein (CU1a) straight and unsclerotised, interstitial to mediocubital vein (2-CU1). Recurrent vein (m-cu) forming usually weak obtuse corner with first radiomedial vein (2-SR). Nervulus (cu-a) short and postfurcal, distance from basal vein (1-M) to nervulus (cu-a) almost equal to nervulus (cu-a) length. Hind wing 4.2-4.8 times longer than wide. Second abscissa of costal vein (1-SC+R) almost absent in basal 1/3 and present but strongly desclerotised in apical 2/3; fourth abscissa of costal vein (SC+R1) strongly desclerotised in distal 4/5. Submedial (subbasal) cell distally open. Recurrent vein (m-cu) straight, sclerotised, mainly pigmented and almost interstitial.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Legs</emphasis>
: Hind femur 3.2-3.3 times longer than wide. Hind tarsus almost equal to hind tibia, its second segment 0.4 times as long as first segment, approximately as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Metasoma</emphasis>
: First tergite of metasoma relatively long, weakly curvedly widened to middle and then narrowed (sometimes weakly) towards apex, spiracular tubercles absent, dorsope almost absent. Apical width of first tergite 0.85-0.90 times its maximum medial width, almost equal to or 1.2 times large than its minimum width, length 1.9-2.0 times its apical width and 1.2-1.4 times length of propodeum. Suture between second and third tergites present, but very shallow. Length of second tergite approximately equal to its basal width, 1.0-1.1 times length of third tergite. Ovipositor compressed, with 3 arcuate and not equivalent sections in apical 1/5 (missing in holotype), distal section longest and crescent. Ovipositor sheath not widened in apical quarter, approximately as long as metasoma, 1.5-1.7 times longer than mesosoma, 0.7 times as long as fore wing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Sculpture and pubescence</emphasis>
: Head entirely smooth. Sides of pronotum coarsely reticulate-rugose in lower half or medially and in posterior 1/5, smooth on remaining upper and lower parts. Mesoscutum finely and densely punctate on anterior vertical part, entirely smooth on posterior horizontal surface; scutellum entirely smooth. Mesopleuron mainly smooth. Propodeum entirely reticulate-rugulose or reticulate-punctate, with small and almost smooth areas latero-posteriorly or submedially, with longitudinal medial carina in basal 1/2-3/5 and almost semi-circular areola in posterior 2/5. Legs smooth. First metasomal tergite entirely densely reticulate-rugulose. Second tergite mainly longitudinally striate, with sparse fine punctation medially, sometimes almost smooth in small antero-lateral areas. Remaining tergites smooth. Vertex medially widely glabrous, laterally with sparse, short and semi-erect pale setae directed laterally; mesoscutum almost entirely with short and relatively densely white setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Colour</emphasis>
: Body mainly dark reddish brown to dark brown, metasoma ventrally brown to partly pale brown; mandible, antennal socket (sometimes only their lower part) and lower half of prothorax yellow to yellowish brown. Antennae mainly dark brown to black, four basal segments yellow to brownish yellow. Palpi pale yellow. Legs yellow to pale brown, femora mainly brown or pale reddish brown. Ovipositor sheath dark brown to black. Wings very faintly evenly infuscate, subhyaline. Pterostigma dark brown, pale basally at short distance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="comparative diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Comparative diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. (Eu.) constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus" subGenus="Eu.">C. (Eu.) constrictus</taxonomicName>
(van Achterberg, 2000) from Malaysia (Sabah) (
<bibRefCitation author="van Achterberg, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="283 - 338" refId="B29" refString="van Achterberg, C, Quicke, DJL, 2000. The Palaeotropical species of the tribe Cosmophorini Capek (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zoologische Mededelingen 74 (19): 283 - 338" title="The Palaeotropical species of the tribe Cosmophorini Capek (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) with descriptions of twenty-two new species." volume="74" year="2000">van Achterberg and Quicke 2000</bibRefCitation>
) in their shape of the head in dorsal view and shape of the first metasomal tergite, but differ from each other by having the first flagellar segment 1.2 times longer than the second segment (1.6 times in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), second flagellar segment in front view 2.5 times longer than its width and only weakly wider than the first segment (2.0 times longer and twice wider in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), first and second flagellar segments yellow (dark brown in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), upper teeth of the scape subpointed apically (obtuse apically in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), mandible practically not twisted apically with the first tooth large (strongly twisted apically and with a small first tooth in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), mesosoma 2.1 times longer than the height (1.8 times in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), precoxal sulcus distinctly crenulate (finely crenulate in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), prescutellar depression distinctly crenulate (finely crenulate in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), radial vein (r) arising weakly behind the middle of pterostigma (weakly before middle in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and second metasomal tergite shorter, 1.1 times longer than anterior width (longer, 1.3 times longer in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. constrictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belokobylskij &amp; Ku" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cosmophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jejuensis" subGenus="Eucosmophorus">Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) jejuensis</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is also very similar to the South Japanese
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. (Eu.) undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="undulatus" subGenus="Eu.">C. (Eu.) undulatus</taxonomicName>
Belokobylskij, 2000 (
<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B4" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, 2000a. New species of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from East Palaearctic. Part 1. Far Eastern Entomologist 87: 1 - 28" title="New species of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from East Palaearctic. Part 1." volume="87" year="2000 a">Belokobylskij 2000a</bibRefCitation>
: 24;
<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" editor="Lehr, PA" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 4. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="192 - 399" refId="B5" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, 2000b. Subfam. Euphorinae. In: Lehr, PA, Ed., Key to insects of the Russian Far East. Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 4. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok: 192 - 399" title="Subfam. Euphorinae." volumeTitle="Key to insects of the Russian Far East." year="2000 b">2000b</bibRefCitation>
: 372;
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DS" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B31" refString="Yu, DS, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016. Ichneumonoidea 2015. Nepean, Ottawa, Ontario. [Database on flash-drive]" title="Taxapad 2016. Ichneumonoidea 2015. Nepean, Ottawa, Ontario. [Database on flash-drive]" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) undulatus (Belokobylskij, 2000) (female, holotype) A habitus, lateral view B head, front view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E antenna, lateral view F mesosoma and first tergite, dorsal view G head and mesosoma, lateral view H tip of ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839877" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) undulatus (Belokobylskij, 2000) (female, holotype) A wings B metasoma, dorsal view C propodeum and metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839878" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4</figureCitation>
), but differs from the latter species by having the first flagellar segment 1.1-1.3 times longer than the second segment (1.6 times in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the first tergite widened to its middle and then narrowed towards the apex, apical width of this tergite 1.05-1.20 times large than its minimum width (evenly widened towards apex, and its apical width 1.5 times large than its minimum width in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the ovipositor sheath 1.5-1.7 times longer than mesosoma and 0.7 times as long as the fore wing (1.2 and 0.9 times correspondingly in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839877" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belokobylskij" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cosmophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) undulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus" subGenus="Eucosmophorus">Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) undulatus</taxonomicName>
(Belokobylskij, 2000) (female, holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
head, front view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
head, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">E</emphasis>
antenna, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">F</emphasis>
mesosoma and first tergite, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">H</emphasis>
tip of ovipositor, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.96.101287.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839878" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belokobylskij" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cosmophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) undulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus" subGenus="Eucosmophorus">Cosmophorus (Eucosmophorus) undulatus</taxonomicName>
(Belokobylskij, 2000) (female, holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
propodeum and metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">This species is named after its type locality, Jeju Island</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Korean Peninsula (Jeju Island).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.2274" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df8a64b6-e49c-4a22-96a2-63e990890a41" ID-PMC="PMC3267457" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-145-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1433FFB9FFFD8D6FF52A994B6A73FFA5" ID-PubMed="22287885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577349" ID-ZooBank="94F032BD93F24652B7A3E914EAB8BB92" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-145-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 145" ModsDocTitle="Rainforest understory beetles of the Neotropics, Mizotrechus Bates 1872, a generic synopsis with descriptions of new species from Central America and northern South America (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Perigonini)" checkinTime="1451249702697" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erwin, Terry L." docDate="2011" docId="0F075DDA55A7BA099029346B555D1062" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 145: 79-128" docOrigin="ZooKeys 145" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.2274" docTitle="Mizotrechus dalensi Erwin 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1FAB3B90-4F18-4690-825D-B13F8510E82E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="1433FFB9FFFD8D6FF52A994B6A73FFA5" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="1433FFB9FFFD8D6FF52A994B6A73FFA5" masterDocTitle="Rainforest understory beetles of the Neotropics, Mizotrechus Bates 1872, a generic synopsis with descriptions of new species from Central America and northern South America (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Perigonini)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1668152588380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Rainforest understory beetles of the Neotropics, Mizotrechus Bates 1872, a generic synopsis with descriptions of new species from Central America and northern South America (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Perigonini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Institution, Washington, P. O. Box 37012, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erwint@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>145</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
<mods:end>128</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.2274</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.2274</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-145-79</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">94F032BD93F24652B7A3E914EAB8BB92</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577349</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031901" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1FAB3B90-4F18-4690-825D-B13F8510E82E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F075DDA55A7BA099029346B555D1062" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dalens’">Dalens'</normalizedToken>
trough beetle
<taxonomicName LSID="0F075DDA-55A7-BA09-9029-346B555D1062" authority="Erwin, 2011" authorityName="Erwin" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mizotrechus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mizotrechus dalensi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dalensi" status="sp. n.">Mizotrechus dalensi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="91">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Plate 2. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect: 5 Mizotrechus chontalesensis sp. n., ABL = 7.1 mm, female holotype, ADP 127181; type locality. 6 Mizotrechus costaricensis sp. n., ABL = 8.4 mm, male holotype, ADP 128620; type locality. 7 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ABL = 8.2 mm, male holotype, ADP 124894; type locality. 8 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ABL = 8.4 mm, female holotype, ADP 124948; locality unknown." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19342" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Figs 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Plate 6. Digital Photo-illustrations, anterior femur, ventral aspect: 19 Mizotrechus minutus sp. n., ADP 124966; type locality. 20 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 124896; type locality. 21 Mizotrechus chontalesensis sp. n., ADP 127181; type locality. 22 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ADP 124948; type locality. 23 Mizotrechus brulei sp. n., ADP 129205; type locality. 24 Mizotrechus gorgona. sp. n., ADP 128622; type locality." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19350" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Plate 8. Digital Photo-illustration, male genitalia, median lobe and parameres, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral aspects: 28 Mizotrechus costaricensis sp. n., ADP 128620: type locality. 29 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 129203, Guyane, Saut Parare, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station. 30 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ADP 129203; Ger? locality (see text)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19354" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 40. Distribution symbol map for known localities of Mizotrechus batesi, Mizotrechus bellorum, Mizotrechus belvedere, Mizotrechus brulei, Mizotrechus dalensi, Mizotrechus grossus, Mizotrechus marielaforetae, Mizotrechus minutus, Mizotrechus poirieri, Mizotrechus neblinensis, spp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19360" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">40</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Plate 11. Figure 37. Digital Photo-illustration, female genitalia: Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 127161; Petite Montague Tortue, Guyane. A. Dorsal aspect. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; co, common oviduct; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca. dorsal aspect; vc, villous canal; lt, laterotergite; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2. B. Gonocoxite 2, dorsal aspect: Legend, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2; des, dorsal ensiform seta; ves, ventral ensiform setae." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19357" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Plate 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
GUYANE, Saut
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pararé">Parare</normalizedToken>
, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0378" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0378">4.0378°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="52.6725" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.6725">52.6725°W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, &amp; E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124894, male).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="derivation of specific epithet">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Derivation of specific epithet.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
The epithet
<normalizedToken originalValue="“dalensi”">
&quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">dalensi</emphasis>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
is an eponym, based on the family name of P.H. Dalens, whose team in Guyane has been collecting beetles using Flight Intercept Traps and capturing adults of many new species, such as this one.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="proposed english vernacular name">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Proposed English vernacular name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dalens’">Dalens'</normalizedToken>
trough beetle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose and punctulate. Occiput shallowly rugose at sides and punctulate. Pronotum quadrate with lateral margins basally straight to slightly toothed hind angle; base moderately rugose. Elytra broad and moderately short, much wider than width of pronotum across anterior third, and with two well- impressed interneurs, the remainder shallower toward margin; margins behind humeri not serrulate. Foreleg femur dentate basally on postero-ventral margin.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Plate 2. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect: 5 Mizotrechus chontalesensis sp. n., ABL = 7.1 mm, female holotype, ADP 127181; type locality. 6 Mizotrechus costaricensis sp. n., ABL = 8.4 mm, male holotype, ADP 128620; type locality. 7 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ABL = 8.2 mm, male holotype, ADP 124894; type locality. 8 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ABL = 8.4 mm, female holotype, ADP 124948; locality unknown." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19342" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Plate 6. Digital Photo-illustrations, anterior femur, ventral aspect: 19 Mizotrechus minutus sp. n., ADP 124966; type locality. 20 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 124896; type locality. 21 Mizotrechus chontalesensis sp. n., ADP 127181; type locality. 22 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ADP 124948; type locality. 23 Mizotrechus brulei sp. n., ADP 129205; type locality. 24 Mizotrechus gorgona. sp. n., ADP 128622; type locality." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19350" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Plate 8. Digital Photo-illustration, male genitalia, median lobe and parameres, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral aspects: 28 Mizotrechus costaricensis sp. n., ADP 128620: type locality. 29 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 129203, Guyane, Saut Parare, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station. 30 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ADP 129203; Ger? locality (see text)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19354" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Plate 11. Figure 37. Digital Photo-illustration, female genitalia: Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 127161; Petite Montague Tortue, Guyane. A. Dorsal aspect. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; co, common oviduct; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca. dorsal aspect; vc, villous canal; lt, laterotergite; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2. B. Gonocoxite 2, dorsal aspect: Legend, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2; des, dorsal ensiform seta; ves, ventral ensiform setae." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19357" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Plate 11</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Size</emphasis>
: See Appendix 1. Medium-sized for genus, ABL = 7.6-8.2 mm, SBL = 6.40-7.09 mm, TW = 2.64-3.11 mm.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Color</emphasis>
: see diagnosis, above.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Luster</emphasis>
: Head, pronotum and legs shiny; elytra dull due to marked slightly stretched well-impressed microsculpture.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Head</emphasis>
: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially barely emarginate. Eye moderately large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Prothorax</emphasis>
: Broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin beaded, not explanate except at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, and with shallow yet evident transverse microsculpture, surface glabrous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Pterothorax</emphasis>
: Elytron moderately convex, intervals flat, interneurs striate, not punctate, becoming shallower toward margin, apex slightly oblique, straight, sutural apex narrowly and slightly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Legs</emphasis>
: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur (
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Plate 6. Digital Photo-illustrations, anterior femur, ventral aspect: 19 Mizotrechus minutus sp. n., ADP 124966; type locality. 20 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 124896; type locality. 21 Mizotrechus chontalesensis sp. n., ADP 127181; type locality. 22 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ADP 124948; type locality. 23 Mizotrechus brulei sp. n., ADP 129205; type locality. 24 Mizotrechus gorgona. sp. n., ADP 128622; type locality." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19350" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) dentate at basal third on postero-ventral margin; posterior trochanter tapered to acute point in male, slightly acuminate in female, length half that of femur.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae; sternum VII medially V-notched in male, U-notched in female.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Median lobe (
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Plate 8. Digital Photo-illustration, male genitalia, median lobe and parameres, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral aspects: 28 Mizotrechus costaricensis sp. n., ADP 128620: type locality. 29 Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 129203, Guyane, Saut Parare, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station. 30 Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n., ADP 129203; Ger? locality (see text)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19354" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
) elongate and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex a losp. n.tulate distal end less bent ventrad than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mizotrechus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poirieri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Mizotrechus poirieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, moderately curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then evenly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded and crested, opening more or less 40 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Female genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Plate 11. Figure 37. Digital Photo-illustration, female genitalia: Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 127161; Petite Montague Tortue, Guyane. A. Dorsal aspect. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; co, common oviduct; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca. dorsal aspect; vc, villous canal; lt, laterotergite; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2. B. Gonocoxite 2, dorsal aspect: Legend, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2; des, dorsal ensiform seta; ves, ventral ensiform setae." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19357" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Plate 11</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor with broad laterotergite (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">lt</emphasis>
) and two gonocoxites (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">gc 1, gc 2</emphasis>
); gonocoxite 1 apico-laterally setose; gonocoxite 2 falcate, base (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">b</emphasis>
) medium-size, narrow, blade (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">bl</emphasis>
) elongate, with two dorsal ensiform setae (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">des</emphasis>
), and one ventral ensiform seta (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">ves</emphasis>
), all ensiform setae moderately long and robust; with ventral preapical nematiform setae (evident on A, hidden on B). Reproductive tract (
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Plate 11. Figure 37. Digital Photo-illustration, female genitalia: Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n., ADP 127161; Petite Montague Tortue, Guyane. A. Dorsal aspect. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; co, common oviduct; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca. dorsal aspect; vc, villous canal; lt, laterotergite; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2. B. Gonocoxite 2, dorsal aspect: Legend, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2; des, dorsal ensiform seta; ves, ventral ensiform setae." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19357" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Plate 11A</figureCitation>
) proximally with short, broad bursa copulatrix (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">bc</emphasis>
), continuous at its distal end with common oviduct (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">co</emphasis>
) and long robust spermatheca (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">sp</emphasis>
), latter slightly narrowed distally; spermathecal gland (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">sg</emphasis>
) bulbous; spermathecal gland duct (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">sgd</emphasis>
) long, slender, attached to spermatheca at base of its broadened portion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="dispersal potential">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Dispersal potential.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="way of life">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Way of life.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">The adults at four localities were collected in flight intercept traps in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in March and November, in both the rainy and dry seasons.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="other specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Guyane, Saut
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pararé">Parare</normalizedToken>
, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0378" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0378">4.0378°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="52.6725" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.6725">52.6725°W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, &amp; E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124896, male); Mount Itoupe, 570 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.0148" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="3.0148">3.0148°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="53.0721" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-53.0721">53.0721°W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 March 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, &amp; E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP126485, male); Montagne des Chevaux, Commune de Roura, RN2 PK22, 90 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.7127" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.7127">4.7127°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="52.3966" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.3966">52.3966°W</geoCoordinate>
, 8 August 2010 (NMNH: ADP129203, female), 1 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, &amp; E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124956, female),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saül">Sauel</normalizedToken>
, Co
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="92" start="start">mmune</pageBreakToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saül">Sauel</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belvédère">Belvedere</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saül">Sauel</normalizedToken>
, 283-325 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.7127" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.7127">4.7127°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="52.3966" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.3966">52.3966°W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 December 2010 (NMNH: ADP127167, male), 4 January 2011 (S Brule, PH Dalens, &amp; E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124922, female), 36 km W Regina, Petite Montague Tortue, P17, 94 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.3204" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.3204">4.3204°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="52.2404" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.2404">52.2404°W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 June 2010 (G Lamarre)(NMNH: ADP127161, male).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="geographic distribution">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 40. Distribution symbol map for known localities of Mizotrechus batesi, Mizotrechus bellorum, Mizotrechus belvedere, Mizotrechus brulei, Mizotrechus dalensi, Mizotrechus grossus, Mizotrechus marielaforetae, Mizotrechus minutus, Mizotrechus poirieri, Mizotrechus neblinensis, spp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19360" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
). This species is currently known from five localities in the lowland and midland rainforests of Guyane.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/0F/07/6A/0F076A1E6A5451417959DD7068F77600.xml Normal file
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f519bb6d-33fa-4086-825e-6cbbf67cd6bd" ID-PMC="PMC4548048" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-52-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB4FF8BFFFEAF7AA5037E0EFFDFAE65" ID-PubMed="26312035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576301" ModsDocAuthor="Firat, Mehmet" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2003-52-89" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 52" ModsDocTitle="Verbascumkurdistanicum (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Hakkâri, Turkey" checkinTime="1451251423776" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Firat, Mehmet" docDate="2015" docId="0F076A1E6A5451417959DD7068F77600" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 52: 89-94" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 52" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188" docTitle="Verbascum kurdistanicum Firat 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFB4FF8BFFFEAF7AA5037E0EFFDFAE65" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="FFB4FF8BFFFEAF7AA5037E0EFFDFAE65" masterDocTitle="Verbascum kurdistanicum (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Hakkari, Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1668141411880" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Verbascum kurdistanicum (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Hakkari, Turkey</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Firat, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>52</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>89</mods:start>
<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-52-89</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F076A1E6A5451417959DD7068F77600" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F076A1E6A5451417959DD7068F77600" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName LSID="A4800BBD-38E7-5153-9029-7FB604678C7E" authority="Fırat" authorityName="Firat" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum kurdistanicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurdistanicum" status="sp. nov.">
Verbascum kurdistanicum
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fırat">Firat</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="90">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Verbascum kurdistanicum Firat: a habit b corolla c capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/46797" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map of Verbascum kurdistanicum (▲) and also closely related species Verbascum oreophilum (■) and Verbascum pyramidatum (●)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/46798" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">TURKEY</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
C9
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hakkâri">Hakkari</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Berçelan">Bercelan</normalizedToken>
Plateau,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="37.682503">
37°40
<normalizedToken originalValue="’57”">'57&quot;</normalizedToken>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="043" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="43.7225">
043°43
<normalizedToken originalValue="’21”">'21&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 2600-2800 m, limestone rocks and steppe, 21 July 2011,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fırat">Firat</normalizedToken>
.
</emphasis>
27584. (Holotype: VANF, Isotype: ANK, GAZI, HUB, VANF, E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Firat" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum kurdistanicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurdistanicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Verbascum kurdistanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum oreophilum" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oreophilum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Verbascum oreophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum pyramidatum" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Verbascum pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by being biennial; having 8-30 (incl. petiole)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-4.5 cm, lanceolate, crenate basal leaves; linear-lanceolate calyx lobes; 4 stamens; two anterior filaments that are glabrous near apex; 10-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-8 mm, ovate to oblong capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
Biennial, 35-170 cm, densely stellate below, sparsely stellate, densely stalked glandular above. Stem robust, terete, erect, branched. Basal leaves 8-30 (inc. petiole)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-4.5 cm, mostly congested at base, densely rosulate, lanceolate, entire, distinctly undulate, obtuse, gradually attenuate at base. Cauline leaves 2.5-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1 cm, oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute, decreasing in size towards the inflorescence racemose, ascending-erect. Bracts 2-3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2 mm, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acute, each bract with a solitary flower. Pedicels 5-10 mm. Bracteoles absent. Calyx 3-10 mm,
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="91" start="start">divided</pageBreakToken>
almost to base, with linear-lanceolate acute lobes. Corolla 20-30 mm diam, yellow, tube 1-2 mm, with unequal and orbicular lobes, without pellucid-punctate glands, with sparsely stalked glandular, stellate outside. Stamens 4, 6-8 mm, filaments 5-6 mm, with purple-violet wool, two anterior glabrous near apex, anthers 1-2 mm, reniform. Ovary ovate. Style 5-7 mm, filiform. Stigma spathulate. Capsule 10-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-8 mm, ovate, densely stellate hairs, rarely soon glabrescent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="92" start="start">Flowering</pageBreakToken>
time June-July and Fruiting time July-August,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">limestone rocks and steppe</emphasis>
, 2600-2800 m.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="965506" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/46797" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Firat" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum kurdistanicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurdistanicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Verbascum kurdistanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fırat">Firat</normalizedToken>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">a</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">b</emphasis>
corolla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">c</emphasis>
capsule.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="965508" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.52.5188.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/46798" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Firat" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum kurdistanicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurdistanicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Verbascum kurdistanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(▲) and also closely related species
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum oreophilum" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oreophilum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Verbascum oreophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(■) and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum pyramidatum" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Verbascum pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(●).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="vernacular name">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
In
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hakkâri">Hakkari</normalizedToken>
Province, indigenous people use the name
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Masîjark”">&quot;Masijark&quot;</normalizedToken>
for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Verbascum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Firat, M" journalOrPublisher="Kalkan Ofset, Ankara" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 652" refId="B11" refString="Firat, M, 2013. Ferhenga Naven Riweken Bi Kurdi/Kuertce Bitki Adlari Soezluegue. Kalkan Ofset, Ankara: 1 - 652" title="Ferhenga Naven Riweken Bi Kurdi / Kuertce Bitki Adlari Soezluegue" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fırat">Firat</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

98
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<bibCitation id="37570E7F93613569B06E9A5C4EDBDD02" author="Linnaeus" pagination="157" title="Convolvulus tridentatus" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 1" year="1753">
<taxonomicName id="C4C93128131E0B9C61EA353E3154E7D1" ID-CoL="XZVB" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentatus">
<emphasis id="C6E2246FED594D41A59F7AB14E2F5337" bold="true" pageNumber="442">Convolvulus tridentatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
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<emphasis id="679E28B52EB913CFD0A9FEF5DC97A7E8" italics="true" pageNumber="442">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
1
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: 157. 1753
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.
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<subSubSection id="3D27F0597F8ED12A71B5ED035575F6CA" pageNumber="442" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="51CC871CAD7A922A20A34A8C1B126A2C" pageNumber="442">&quot;Habitat in India.&quot; RCN: 2179.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="204391D3B0FB12147AF6AF6B892DF772" pageNumber="442" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D74F7A289F2F125E3EF86037DFE20A40" pageNumber="442">
Basionym of:
<taxonomicName id="521A80F08048D586008B6C50CDBA7B55" authority="(L.) L. (1762)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Evolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentatus">
<emphasis id="D8E8BE4003C47044A040325F288EFCD2" italics="true" pageNumber="442">Evolvulus tridentatus</emphasis>
(L.) L. (1762)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BED34C506B4A88368CCA586DDF179545" pageNumber="442" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BADF0972EC77A091A9D8A06B54343CBD" pageNumber="442">
<typeStatus id="9CF8C3AA68AD8E0A9648BF05F009E37A">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Verdcourt in Hubbard &amp; Milne-Redhead,
<emphasis id="FD3982370D10262AA83E417DEF9F8AB0" italics="true" pageNumber="442">
Fl. Trop. E. Africa,
<taxonomicName id="5D66646F1C8F5B7B541D8E0A75BC6CAB" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: 51. 1963): [icon] &quot;
<emphasis id="E7844ACF75867E912FEB1131B34C0BC6" italics="true" pageNumber="442">Sendera-clandi</emphasis>
&quot; in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 11: 133, t. 65. 1692.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="01C0CFA6F9EC112566DBA8CBFE25F167" pageNumber="442">
Current name:
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<emphasis id="43DC85009F05D4F00176DEF58B1AECB5" italics="true" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="1C8E0FB707EBFE4FCA43A8B28F244CB7" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="442">Xenostegia tridentata</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(L.) D.F. Austin &amp; Staples
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="717B2F1C54D48FF42A8C9F65225F86F6" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
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<mods:title>A rich fauna of subterranean short-range endemic Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from semi-arid regions of Western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Giachino, Pier Mauro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Eberhard, Stefan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Subterranean Ecology Pty Ltd, 227 Coningham Road, Coningham, TAS 7054, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Perina, Giulia</mods:namePart>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Erwinanillus baehri gen. et sp. nov., HT ♂. 1 habitus 2 right metafemur and metatrochanter in ventral view 3 aedeagus in left lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.58844.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553760" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giachino &amp; Eberhard &amp; Perina" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Erwinanillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erwinanillus baehri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baehri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Erwinanillus baehri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Included species strongly characterised by the presence of longitudinal elytral grooves; male protarsi with two dilated tarsomeres and profemora unarmed; metafemora dentate and metatrochanters short and stout in male and female. Labial tooth absent. Head characterised by temples with a series of long excess setae. One elytral discal seta present. Aedeagus with right paramere bearing two apical setae; left bearing only one seta. This genus can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName genus="Externanilus" lsidName="Externanilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Externanilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baehr &amp; Main, 2016 by the presence of grooves on elytral disc.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Included species of small-medium size (TL mm 1.40-1.42), anophthalmous. Depigmented and poorly sclerified integument covered with a sparse pubescence.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Head</emphasis>
robust, almost hypertrophic, slightly narrower than the pronotum, with a series of excess long setae; labium toothless, mentum articulated, not fused with the submentum. Antennae moniliform, without particular features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pronotum</emphasis>
subquadrate, with sides distinctly sinuate in the basal third. Basal angles subsquare and acuminate; basal border as wide as the anterior border; presence of two marginal setae, the posterior one placed before the basal angles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Elytra</emphasis>
oval and slightly elongated, separately rounded, not truncate and not emarginated apically; poorly convex and with a longitudinal groove. Elytral striae missing (except for the sutural stria). Lateral margin, distinctly crenelated from the humeral area to the apical third. Scutellar pore present, large and umbilicate; umbilicate series of type B (sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="33 - 204" refId="B33" refString="Jeannel, R, 1963. Monographie des &quot; Anillini &quot;, Bembidiides endoges (Coleoptera Trechidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (A) 28: 33 - 204" title="Monographie des &quot; Anillini &quot;, Bembidiides endoges (Coleoptera Trechidae)." volume="28" year="1963">Jeannel 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Giachino, PM" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Journal, monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B16" refString="Giachino, PM, Vailati, D, 2011. Review of the Anillina of Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini). Biodiversity Journal, monograph 1: 1 - 112" title="Review of the Anillina of Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini)." volume="1" year="2011">Giachino and Vailati 2011</bibRefCitation>
); disc bearing one discal seta.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Legs</emphasis>
relatively short and stumpy. Profemora unarmed, metafemora dentate, metatrochanters normal, two dilated protarsomeres in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Aedeagus</emphasis>
small, median lobe moderately elongated, apex acuminate with apical blade very evident. Parameres stocky, bearing one apical seta (left) or two apical setae (right). Endophallus without sclerified phanerae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Dedicated to the memory of Terry Lee Erwin, renowned carabid beetle specialist and explorer of world biodiversity. Name composed of Erwin and the genus name
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Anillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gender of the name is masculine.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Species included.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
For the time being, the genus is monotypic and only
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. baehri" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="species" species="baehri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">E. baehri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. belongs to this genus.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 1-3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giachino &amp; Eberhard &amp; Perina" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Erwinanillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erwinanillus baehri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baehri">
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gen. et sp. nov., HT ♂.
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habitus
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right metafemur and metatrochanter in ventral view
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aedeagus in left lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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H. W. Bates, 1888: 274 [original combination].
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H. W. Bates [new species status by
<bibRefCitation author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="487 - 511" refId="B274" refString="Ohaus, F, 1913. XI. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden. (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1913: 487 - 511" title="XI. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden. (Col.)." volume="1913" year="1913">Ohaus 1913</bibRefCitation>
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H. W. Bates [new subgeneric combination by
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H. W. Bates [removal of subgeneric classification by
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
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GUATEMALA: Escuintla, Quetzaltenango, San Marcos,
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(H. W. Bates 1888,
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,
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B286" refString="Ohaus, F, 1934b. Coleopteralamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T.1: Tribus Rutelini. Genera Insectorum Fasc. 199A: 1-172." title="Coleopteralamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini. Genera Insectorum Fasc. 199 A: 1 - 172." year="1934 b">1934b</bibRefCitation>
,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hardy, AR" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B108" refString="Hardy, AR, 1975. A revision of the genus Pelidnota of America north of Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 78: 1 - 43" title="A revision of the genus Pelidnota of America north of Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)." volume="78" year="1975">Hardy 1975</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
). MEXICO: Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz (Carrillo et al. 1966,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Morón">Moron</normalizedToken>
et al. 1997
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, Pacheco Flores et al. 2008,
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
1 ♂ lectotype at BMNH (
<bibRefCitation author="Hardy, AR" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B108" refString="Hardy, AR, 1975. A revision of the genus Pelidnota of America north of Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 78: 1 - 43" title="A revision of the genus Pelidnota of America north of Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)." volume="78" year="1975">Hardy 1975</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
); 5 paralectotypes at BMNH (
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
); 3 paralectotypes at MNHN (
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The following specimens are deposited at CCECL. 1 ♂ Paralectotype: &quot;El Zumbador, 2500 ft. Champion.//H.W.Bates Biol.Cent.Amer.//2008
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pelidnota aurescens</emphasis>
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Bates M. SOULA det 19//Paralectotype 2008
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B. Soula det.&quot; (47030487). Genitalia card-mounted underneath the male paralectotype. Box 4618666 SOULA.
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Reported from Greece by
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. Originally from South Africa, in the Mediterranean also reported from Spain (
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2004
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) and Italy (
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).
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<mods:part id="A62ED01F468DDBA49736D78840B7A3D6">
<mods:extent id="A50AC40525A4DFC9318AC87375629DA6" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7C42708963BEDC90DEBFF32FD45F7FC8">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="000F900D7417DA829D11227A17C2556A">231</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="3455DE92481C08C022D0D0C2D4309E43">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5F2C1484F7AC7617DBD45EBF498EC665" type="HNS-Pub">6734</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C883F32058E5385B136A24D4D290AB44" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.9896</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0BC74989E2A6291D4CEA6CC480776C98" type="ZooBank">F0A2F4DC-EB6B-4AF0-9BA9-A8F1BB37636F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F08D0DCF59CFB9DCC9A0CAA11E9090D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100128710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F08D0DCF59CFB9DCC9A0CAA11E9090D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F08D0DCF59CFB9DCC9A0CAA11E9090D" lastPageNumber="173" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection id="38C9A5C5A8DAFBE8D878C4E5087726A2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="648378BEA0C97CCE78943F468A127E4A" pageNumber="170">
1.
<taxonomicName id="48843EB9C201533F8D5FBDF9492DEB1A" ID-CoL="4FYF7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33841" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole longispinosa Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosa" status="nov. sp.">PHEIDOLE LONGISPINOSA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B85179B41F7BDF9FE9434935F2C9B52F" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9D70490368740369723E86846D09930" type="description">
<paragraph id="8E535363BA7C07280AC341C6D0290908" pageNumber="170">(Pl. V, fig. 1, 1a, 1b et 1c.)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F6AAF58DC6DF2D31D84A8D95B3A06793" lastPageNumber="171" pageNumber="170">
[[worker]]. Longueur 4,8
<normalizedToken id="11889B1D31EF810E9613C46D9257414F" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
5,2 mill.
<normalizedToken id="03BA7C2D72016417C96613AA855C929E" originalValue="Tête">Tete</normalizedToken>
remarquablement grosse et abdomen fort petit. Mandibules grandes
<normalizedToken id="66826848EF7C1D209FBF111346663DB6" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
large bord terminal muni devant de deux dents pointues et du reste de denticulations
<normalizedToken id="727A39586F73B1D7ECFB674A45BCAE02" originalValue="irrégulières">irregulieres</normalizedToken>
. Elles sont luisantes avec quelques faibles rides et points
<normalizedToken id="C339A0CA81CA566210FCBBC4470FB670" originalValue="épars">epars</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="3B712ACA10D0A8E14D9141DB758A4068" originalValue="irréguliers">irreguliers</normalizedToken>
et
<normalizedToken id="7BEEC2705CFD091BB5C27956D26CE97A" originalValue="effacés">effaces</normalizedToken>
. Une petite impression faible au milieu du bord
<normalizedToken id="4A60DBDF91B4816CB35DDD68CB44A4BD" originalValue="antérieur">anterieur</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken id="84FEA95C6029F5D95FE7891704B1B4E4" originalValue="l'épistome">l'epistome</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="7FF800574D4C8E612DDB1627A6C19408" originalValue="Derrière">Derriere</normalizedToken>
son bord
<normalizedToken id="E9C1D36A9FD391809F383B70B7E49E1F" originalValue="antérieur">anterieur</normalizedToken>
, ce dernier est assez plat; ses 4/5
<normalizedToken id="932C66461B5123E1066EEFA4536A9333" originalValue="postérieurs">posterieurs</normalizedToken>
forment par contre une
<normalizedToken id="B85EA09FF565A2508E931596C89E4643" originalValue="convexité">convexite</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A79124FCB1FF8AD007F6F6E7EF720DD8" originalValue="marquée">marquee</normalizedToken>
, arrondie. Aire frontale profonde, grande, distincte. Base des
<normalizedToken id="E2AC108FD3AE29F335FF12303FBDCB59" originalValue="arêtes">aretes</normalizedToken>
frontales assez
<normalizedToken id="18B388ED8D12815E9B6A01A078119E06" originalValue="élevée">elevee</normalizedToken>
en lobe et ayant vers le bas une
<normalizedToken id="94067CCAE0551C8401CC7F04E12296AB" originalValue="convexité">convexite</normalizedToken>
due
<normalizedToken id="FA753C9ED9C0C8933976CA537AC0010D" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
la
<normalizedToken id="7C2AD044D25B6499CEA7F79D9F6A1804" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
articulaire des scapes. Yeux
<normalizedToken id="206C4E908ACFBE1D6BE2E109F8CDB622" originalValue="situés">situes</normalizedToken>
au milieu des
<normalizedToken id="D83B85AC8973090C30C6721086269657" originalValue="côtés">cotes</normalizedToken>
de la
<normalizedToken id="C187A0E6F578652A5C4F0F840C553658" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
. D'un
<normalizedToken id="452EAF71D9566F41F320B56DCAB3F381" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
il
<normalizedToken id="9313F29184907ADD249C0F79BA9E8FDD" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
l'autre, en passant par l'occiput, la
<normalizedToken id="D8F3D4A1654BAADE1611265FB7F7CCBA" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
forme un parfait demi-cercle. Au milieu du
<normalizedToken id="2113FE1CB2F39339FC2975C2093500E4" originalValue="mésonotum">mesonotum</normalizedToken>
une impression transversale
<normalizedToken id="75C2ED8A570118F8BFB96F7B540DFF97" originalValue="marquée">marquee</normalizedToken>
, large, peu profonde. Incisure
<normalizedToken id="26ADB770C0C48565AADAB15E4BB2E530" originalValue="méso-métanotale">meso-metanotale</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4D06D32C914E016DDB64726FA59E9E81" originalValue="marquée">marquee</normalizedToken>
surtout par le fait que la face basale du
<normalizedToken id="EB8419C24C6AEE3877ADEC9421FB3FE4" originalValue="méta-">meta-</normalizedToken>
notum
<normalizedToken id="47325BA87BA8CFF1E2A9C7AAB4988100" originalValue="s'élève">s'eleve</normalizedToken>
comme d'une marche d'escalier au-dessus du bord
<normalizedToken id="5614327AF086BFC66C57CB231B76F243" originalValue="posté-">poste-</normalizedToken>
rieur du
<normalizedToken id="609FF3A8129D9A193B835B056FE9C10A" originalValue="mésonotum">mesonotum</normalizedToken>
. Face basale du
<normalizedToken id="3309E91C66F35DE86DDE856B7F491F84" originalValue="métanotum">metanotum</normalizedToken>
plus longue que la face
<normalizedToken id="7B6434C8BD517264AB67A570F83BA546" originalValue="déclive">declive</normalizedToken>
, parfaitement horizontale, convexe de droite
<normalizedToken id="319A0435B0BCC7C4AA2FE096B98F3D94" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
gauche,
<normalizedToken id="2630F90067F508435F650399CFAB785C" originalValue="terminée">terminee</normalizedToken>
par deux immenses
<normalizedToken id="14E6EB45C3164E5ADABF83C1ED9552E6" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
divergentes,
<normalizedToken id="D8276B0F63401528093AA9986E85CD3B" originalValue="dirigées">dirigees</normalizedToken>
en
<normalizedToken id="9A4BA5A6395B580EDC1F2A272D14E139" originalValue="arrière">arriere</normalizedToken>
et en haut, distinctement mais faiblement
<normalizedToken id="21B593E688EE16899170B397BCFCB064" originalValue="courbées">courbees</normalizedToken>
, longues de 0,7 mill. chacune (presque la
<normalizedToken id="94BE96788C06B1301A98324ED46AFD64" originalValue="moitié">moitie</normalizedToken>
de la longueur du thorax qui a 1,8 mill. de long). Face
<normalizedToken id="5272E50F2535D4F3DE78D37FF1E74637" originalValue="déclive">declive</normalizedToken>
verticale. Premier article du
<normalizedToken id="BD2B758A4CA6E98753C60A2C8BD4141E" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="13F440192541380B30BF1B9E56795637" originalValue="très">tres</normalizedToken>
longuement
<normalizedToken id="B7C90547E6E33EDA2D2FF8526DA9DBCD" originalValue="pé-">pe-</normalizedToken>
tiole, avec un n
<normalizedToken id="79A9FB040AAEE79C93CC66556EFB435B" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud
<normalizedToken id="CE78059C666C947D1FE2C21AD193F348" originalValue="très">tres</normalizedToken>
bas. Second n
<normalizedToken id="05B961A5240239A4E45ADAC00885F152" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud
<normalizedToken id="E01AE3E2C1FBF7D8390DAECD3CC8ADAA" originalValue="rétréci">retreci</normalizedToken>
devant, plus
<normalizedToken id="22D634168A26ED58EB700E5FABBD16CF" originalValue="élargi">elargi</normalizedToken>
en
<normalizedToken id="04EBA7CE2B4931F02F9667CDF7498B13" originalValue="arrière">arriere</normalizedToken>
, un peu pyriforme. Scapes un peu
<normalizedToken id="931EA21E62E333330E7D43C2F4897CD6" originalValue="renflés">renfles</normalizedToken>
vers
<normalizedToken id="67DD9D53E40AE5F74EBA35C3C613DE7A" originalValue="l'extrémité">l'extremite</normalizedToken>
. Cuisses assez
<normalizedToken id="53EE4399E85681FC147046334ED0AB02" originalValue="renflées">renflees</normalizedToken>
au milieu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4F23B9217E6BCCEB5A31AC34A632071" pageNumber="171">
Fossettes antennaires semi-circulairement
<normalizedToken id="76C28DE6B572B8D47FD5625D983080D0" originalValue="striées">striees</normalizedToken>
. Les stries
<normalizedToken id="7C97C8C03B771D966C02497C85EA6EF3" originalValue="s'étendent">s'etendent</normalizedToken>
un peu au
<normalizedToken id="6F0D464BD7740E3BFDEAFBFB26BB3BEA" originalValue="delà">dela</normalizedToken>
. Bas des
<normalizedToken id="6BF93B13703CF335CBAC795D0406BA2C" originalValue="côtés">cotes</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="55107167245D4C216ABF407DB4AF6B70" originalValue="mésothorax">mesothorax</normalizedToken>
et du
<normalizedToken id="3A66D6AA6D99FEE2BF3197C228021E43" originalValue="métathorax">metathorax</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9DBA3F965671D8E9EA4B76B6B12D5044" originalValue="réticulé">reticule</normalizedToken>
et subopaque. Tout le reste du corps lisse et
<normalizedToken id="6BA108776ECE37B15577561E2049EA24" originalValue="très">tres</normalizedToken>
luisant, ainsi que les pattes et les antennes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C77C765B6CAD0D76968A6B8275FB2A50" pageNumber="171">
<normalizedToken id="0742FE2CA5F2B7182A551524FEA7D34E" originalValue="Pilosité">Pilosite</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7C26D6CED040583642937B74E237F2D5" originalValue="dressée">dressee</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E5087B21B3EDB27E242AACF0757BD694" originalValue="très">tres</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A7C10102BF08AD2CD2B7B97DDA1303B0" originalValue="éparse">eparse</normalizedToken>
, d'un jaune
<normalizedToken id="2E3C6A3EA57201C3067B9233B9F845F1" originalValue="brunâtre">brunatre</normalizedToken>
; elle est un peu plus abondante aux deux
<normalizedToken id="046954737B0CC2F6A994B2992B912BA8" originalValue="extrémités">extremites</normalizedToken>
du corps, sur les scapes et sur les tibias; sur ces derniers, elle est plus ou moins oblique. Pubescence nulle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9403ACECF4F8B2C8598BD85C0B5D834A" pageNumber="171">
D'un noir de poix plus ou moins bruni. Mandibules, pattes et funicules
<normalizedToken id="9B264D6CBEF39CDDAA364E755839AFB7" originalValue="brunâtres">brunatres</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="BABEA6F311B729FE26F390C35F2DE83F" originalValue="Extrémité">Extremite</normalizedToken>
des tarses plus
<normalizedToken id="B9C6DF72F780E1D94F2E4D1CC3D7B952" originalValue="pâle">pale</normalizedToken>
. *
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26FFA522F53EC53DFB7A2835431E4D60" lastPageNumber="172" pageNumber="171">
[[soldier]] (Soldat). (Fig. 65 et 66.) Longueur 6 mill. Longueur de la
<normalizedToken id="DDBA4CB0C20E80A056ACE1A2C834B1B5" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
(sans les mandibules) 2,6; largeur 2,6 mill. La
<normalizedToken id="93CB4EB9044B4BB31C90592C7FCE0FC2" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="13EAFA60300520AE8397E9C92DCC0A2C" originalValue="énorme">enorme</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="FB28914485124AAC261BEFE0DB0BF83D" originalValue="profondé-">profonde-</normalizedToken>
ment
<normalizedToken id="4D95C2344F59E04EF3AB42B08990F15F" originalValue="incisée">incisee</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D741F798D9E6D4DCB8E24F89B0FD5EBD" originalValue="derrière">derriere</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken id="2A2840C07800DFA58A91BA7CFF977598" originalValue="façon">facon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="15DC7B33515F2E89913FC97EACE62F4D" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
former deux lobes divergents, a des
<normalizedToken id="B618A0E6DE6F18BDF1F91EFFEAE09412" originalValue="côtés">cotes</normalizedToken>
presque rectilignes, devant du moins, mais qui divergent fortement en
<normalizedToken id="7515607541AD46C1D17E88F942AE6D68" originalValue="arrière">arriere</normalizedToken>
; la
<normalizedToken id="9EBF643FEB13048DAEB4E967EA05B53F" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
est beaucoup plus large
<normalizedToken id="61B7ED883298B2E8917A7D425E1356CA" originalValue="derrière">derriere</normalizedToken>
que devant. Mandibules grosses,
<normalizedToken id="5B2FA882D6CA8D03CACD06E2D0FB1613" originalValue="armées">armees</normalizedToken>
devant de deux dents obtuses, luisantes, assez lisses, avec quelques points et stries diffuses. Fossettes antennaires et
<normalizedToken id="0A96DE4F8C73373B4338A0DC36ECB334" originalValue="arêtes">aretes</normalizedToken>
frontales courtes, ne formant pas trace de rainures pour les scapes. Ces derniers
<normalizedToken id="CA1669F50C5DCC1294A53E4EFFC79E51" originalValue="grêles">greles</normalizedToken>
, fortement
<normalizedToken id="28EB15494C1E5C616C7B1DA9CA5ED13A" originalValue="courbés">courbes</normalizedToken>
, n'atteignant pas le tiers
<normalizedToken id="C48E42CECEFE17B6F30EB2DF9E3DA3CE" originalValue="postérieur">posterieur</normalizedToken>
de la
<normalizedToken id="FDAD09823BF891F03566CE187917B009" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
, un peu
<normalizedToken id="25FE27A5A5BDDB03CE5F03CA3CB51AC5" originalValue="renflés">renfles</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="03E7717631DE5DFB4C109B4F4A89D636" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C8F2A0DB0C01BC2B0E9588EF59C8B316" originalValue="l'extrémité">l'extremite</normalizedToken>
. Yeux petits,
<normalizedToken id="D81BAB03D22719979D20385455235585" originalValue="situés">situes</normalizedToken>
au
<normalizedToken id="F8F20100E70B8F8BAE692C834D0A629A" originalValue="cinquième">cinquieme</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="00C1B752569CB56179DBD5C07920D102" originalValue="antérieur">anterieur</normalizedToken>
de la
<normalizedToken id="E0B18A869A4EA86F21EF5A3E7659D207" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
. Epistome
<normalizedToken id="F164DA83EC572496AA8B8C44B4854F25" originalValue="échancré">echancre</normalizedToken>
au milieu de son bord
<normalizedToken id="696B4FDBB91952D46FAC1B4A494063C6" originalValue="antérieur">anterieur</normalizedToken>
. Vers le milieu du bord
<normalizedToken id="CAFB7E5312DE8D7DFB108B4EED24F614" originalValue="antérieur">anterieur</normalizedToken>
du dessous de la
<normalizedToken id="06FEEEE8032AC3400A935C35DB047300" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="C5F8F5C60B1BF16822DB079D2CB3D3F6" originalValue="derrière">derriere</normalizedToken>
la
<normalizedToken id="F3C13939BFE1EA4D6B5F5A224269C351" originalValue="lèvre">levre</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EB0F0E8DB043DCFDD0BBED1E01B3F472" originalValue="inférieure">inferieure</normalizedToken>
) se trouvent deux fortes dents
<normalizedToken id="DDDB11E000425311AA5BC5D7F8FD049D" originalValue="parallèles">paralleles</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="57909DF067C899C1607B5F1DB4AD7979" originalValue="dirigées">dirigees</normalizedToken>
horizontalement en avant, obtuses
<normalizedToken id="F61908D7816FCB24CF78A26BD2D3B254" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B6BECABB965AECA465799568A26BE10F" originalValue="l'extrémité">l'extremite</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73CFF3745422D7AC3768C0ED5B3A5FC1" pageNumber="172">
Pronotum avec quatre
<normalizedToken id="702F942519DBE1858A4196793B34F814" originalValue="élévations">elevations</normalizedToken>
peu
<normalizedToken id="0DA901CAC92777678DB85912167EF14F" originalValue="marquées">marquees</normalizedToken>
. Une impression transversale au tiers
<normalizedToken id="0B2015BA485F23C345294EA62702FA13" originalValue="postérieur">posterieur</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="E78DD11822D5B1B7DBEA3ED8289842D6" originalValue="mésonotum">mesonotum</normalizedToken>
et un bourrelet transversal
<normalizedToken id="46D30845F42063C4E1E584440EBF5E06" originalValue="derrière">derriere</normalizedToken>
l'impression. Incisure
<normalizedToken id="756EFB328B8972A82D8F3537E0F0BAE6" originalValue="méso-métanotale">meso-metanotale</normalizedToken>
profonde. Deux immenses
<normalizedToken id="67E8FFBCF47C497C602A28D88A80D022" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D32EA2EAD12033FB4963DDC8AB164B0E" originalValue="métanotales">metanotales</normalizedToken>
divergentes, droites,
<normalizedToken id="3AB5E629B3EF73FFA7408738B4BBD8A3" originalValue="dirigées">dirigees</normalizedToken>
en haut et
<normalizedToken id="11707D7A6572F334FF62C56EE4775D28" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
peine en
<normalizedToken id="4AA13393430906008E9FCEBFE285AF93" originalValue="arrière">arriere</normalizedToken>
. Les deux faces du
<normalizedToken id="F777D8F123C9F49D8BE70E02171C2DA1" originalValue="métanotum">metanotum</normalizedToken>
sont de
<normalizedToken id="CE8362E8706D3F663B8A7B7000C9BD98" originalValue="même">meme</normalizedToken>
longueur et presque planes; les
<normalizedToken id="B9FF1F995B5DD3588FC434FC196212C7" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
sont longues comme plus d'une fois et demie la longueur de la face basale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9F123E965C8A3CE53A91B21168549B8" pageNumber="172">
Premier n
<normalizedToken id="271658639ED05E631D5C771E92B5310F" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud du
<normalizedToken id="E3A7CA1249CD2E1984A0EFAA6C01D429" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C6F52450D8A3C2A45ABC511C65481C61" originalValue="très">tres</normalizedToken>
longuement
<normalizedToken id="70D67885672C10F4E0ADEE07D70A9E17" originalValue="pétiole">petiole</normalizedToken>
devant et
<normalizedToken id="71E0B8DE24B481F238B79D487CD2E660" originalValue="surmonté">surmonte</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="35848AF4588F8466903E9A89AC2EDE70" originalValue="derrière">derriere</normalizedToken>
d'une
<normalizedToken id="DAF6576DEEB8B721BEFFCE3A824419B7" originalValue="écaille">ecaille</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="59E6BB8AB9922052588F41FCD4F223AE" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
bord
<normalizedToken id="9015C1ADD5B2270D6D3FC67EF4882261" originalValue="supérieur">superieur</normalizedToken>
faiblement
<normalizedToken id="14B685D5DCC0440B77420FD28B1162A1" originalValue="échancré">echancre</normalizedToken>
. Le
<normalizedToken id="EEAD2B08D46F9E9D3135CD372637A2F3" originalValue="pétiole">petiole</normalizedToken>
du premier n
<normalizedToken id="8A9346B306880AD452F7814F38B23235" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud a devant deux expansions
<normalizedToken id="8D9E27072F021DD771CD1FD1A05436E8" originalValue="latérales">laterales</normalizedToken>
dentiformes. Le second n
<normalizedToken id="62539939AD3B4D7480EAB5AFFDA2B443" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud est plus large que long et porte deux
<normalizedToken id="9C1014C4A5384FE2AF39A0A66A0721E8" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8E66709B3E0530B89F8A1B525992AB57" originalValue="latérales">laterales</normalizedToken>
assez
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et
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<normalizedToken id="A99E2B106061BBFB7354D20E70DFEB4D" originalValue="recourbées">recourbees</normalizedToken>
en
<normalizedToken id="5243F9F3E5B01AC94933599CB4F2E3F9" originalValue="arrière">arriere</normalizedToken>
. Abdomen court, aussi large que long. Cuisses
<normalizedToken id="BC1FA8491BF012653FB539FA3E93B985" originalValue="renflées">renflees</normalizedToken>
au milieu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42FF8A38DBFAA0379489C7329531083A" pageNumber="172">
Front
<normalizedToken id="D59F026628525F70E78267284F6F9802" originalValue="grossièrement">grossierement</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3FA6BACBA81EBBA1D95C75442584CD77" originalValue="strié">strie</normalizedToken>
en long. Joues mates,
<normalizedToken id="2C77F4751432358B29D6A793A437BFAA" originalValue="ridées">ridees</normalizedToken>
en long,
<normalizedToken id="BFD893424335AF17D2253A5CCD678795" originalValue="réti-">reti-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E165CA8CC1D4F38AD8B16722332E9E4E" originalValue="culées">culees</normalizedToken>
entre les rides. Espace
<normalizedToken id="97E58FCD240EF0EDDB2FEC265A935EE4" originalValue="situé">situe</normalizedToken>
entre le front et les bords de la
<normalizedToken id="116438347C9057A78C0DA95272D200F4" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
assez finement et assez
<normalizedToken id="352CE629A7299548A02D979BAE39A0F1" originalValue="densément">densement</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DC8AABD2534C5F91E9FD9FDDC9962B20" originalValue="réticulé">reticule</normalizedToken>
, subopaque ou mat.
<normalizedToken id="0F6E877FFBAF44A59ED916238F3B3E49" originalValue="Derrière">Derriere</normalizedToken>
de la
<normalizedToken id="E1DD9F1337F5F57703C7DE68629A5B1D" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
et epistome lisses et luisants. Dessous de la
<normalizedToken id="CF2F5F5815713F64FE887FC82168F54B" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
en partie lisse, en partie
<normalizedToken id="B031645363FBEA0C47F8AB2BE7673B4C" originalValue="réticulé">reticule</normalizedToken>
. Thorax, pattes et premier article du
<normalizedToken id="A90B4F8123DCEE533CC8FA5C81B2A9E9" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
lisses et luisants avec quelques rides
<normalizedToken id="AC02F10C81CABB9A8985EC9B9EA9C067" originalValue="çà">ca</normalizedToken>
et
<normalizedToken id="6E0F68F60DF880342EFA65A1076B6A78" originalValue="là">la</normalizedToken>
sur les
<normalizedToken id="EA4925381B42AA029BE234156FE7F4D0" originalValue="côtés">cotes</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="D11BE1CE735E144ED8EB6477AA7FA17A" originalValue="métanotum">metanotum</normalizedToken>
. Second n
<normalizedToken id="805C0FC3CD3497CF041965844C3F30DA" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud du
<normalizedToken id="61324824B236F1EF986D43040EACF465" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
et abdomen finement
<normalizedToken id="C8C7AFF1BFDB38383EEC7C137C204011" originalValue="réticulés">reticules</normalizedToken>
et subopaques.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8DA71FF722B4CFD25F339DEB3C04F6F" pageNumber="172">
Une
<normalizedToken id="1D20B3C9E4570A321BE5EBCF5203F385" originalValue="pilosité">pilosite</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6276AA3F346D177CEA298E34CACE9E55" originalValue="dressée">dressee</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="84EAB37E7722A074AD7A2054C223A118" originalValue="brunâtre">brunatre</normalizedToken>
, assez
<normalizedToken id="F19C9A8568A6601928900EFB3069B22C" originalValue="grossière">grossiere</normalizedToken>
, fort
<normalizedToken id="D96969D94793B6814E1D987A5F3E0FC0" originalValue="clairsemée">clairsemee</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="D174721E86F2BDB27F186F170BE4D423" originalValue="ré-">re-</normalizedToken>
pandue partout; sur les tibias et les scapes, elle est oblique. Pubescence
<normalizedToken id="DE7D69A5444E92B83A601EF93C4550D8" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
peu
<normalizedToken id="480EC9EDAEDE47E63AB7FC8093838552" originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
nulle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D07CD019CCC535574007A01833200668" pageNumber="172">
D'un brun de poix plus ou moins
<normalizedToken id="2EBEC5554B619C970105347575BBEB81" originalValue="noirâtre">noiratre</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="E710743C47B1D48902251C541060966C" originalValue="çà">ca</normalizedToken>
et
<normalizedToken id="DF76F0223BD2727A4EDAB49F676A6AF4" originalValue="là">la</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4D09135A7E8A256E5237380E23FECB23" originalValue="légèrement">legerement</normalizedToken>
rougeatre; tarses, funicules et fossettes antennaires d'un brun
<normalizedToken id="D71F597301E8389E4BDE093C5713ED37" originalValue="rougeâtre">rougeatre</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26BACC7124F84A5D57344A680117502D" lastPageNumber="173" pageNumber="172">
[[queen]]. Longueur 7,1
<normalizedToken id="8CF46BA674AD42F9732FD84DC51354E1" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
7,3 mill. Thorax, sans le
<normalizedToken id="7467AC5ABB787CE273D7BBD5E693FD9D" originalValue="métanotum">metanotum</normalizedToken>
, de la
<normalizedToken id="FEDB0141788003ED90F0E9BBC0E19E67" originalValue="même">meme</normalizedToken>
largeur et de la
<normalizedToken id="67EF05C23F862FD91856430163051DB9" originalValue="même">meme</normalizedToken>
longueur que la
<normalizedToken id="72C136DA3C07D2D694ED8C840B452DDD" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="31D85D0195651A6B35DF123A953E62CB" originalValue="Tête">Tete</normalizedToken>
largement et fortement concave
<normalizedToken id="ECF07A047A2FBF95BA2BD8E5DD91C9C7" originalValue="derrière">derriere</normalizedToken>
; ses angles
<normalizedToken id="418E1FD0BF72BB1C9D84E33AA81ED7AA" originalValue="postérieurs">posterieurs</normalizedToken>
sont seuls lisses et luisants. L'abdomen, le
<normalizedToken id="DB6E55374125F316838B4F81D5DEC2E2" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
, le
<normalizedToken id="61C56DA270A596A31E59529BF7459E28" originalValue="métanotum">metanotum</normalizedToken>
et le milieu du
<normalizedToken id="765478BCBE4B1CDB0D5E558F8842C8E8" originalValue="mésonotum">mesonotum</normalizedToken>
sont densement
<normalizedToken id="1845C235E417B9B4A7D7DDB0B3356A5A" originalValue="réticulés">reticules</normalizedToken>
et assez mats. Le milieu du
<normalizedToken id="219787D8F883AA51FA795C1840CF622E" originalValue="mésonotum">mesonotum</normalizedToken>
est en outre
<normalizedToken id="69EE44EC1A32BBE1BD6998A543374F79" originalValue="ridé">ride</normalizedToken>
, et les
<normalizedToken id="EA4F992DDB2147AC2B1CE04513D9F451" originalValue="côtés">cotes</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="75DE44DFBB3137F88364F1832E80DD3D" originalValue="métasternum">metasternum</normalizedToken>
et du postscutellum ont des rides grossieres.
<normalizedToken id="EFB3B6DDF0C42799B59B20F528D7E2BB" originalValue="Côtés">Cotes</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="E88E789CC25FCAB61911A616C97B6686" originalValue="mésonotum">mesonotum</normalizedToken>
, scutellum et
<normalizedToken id="4153DD1ADE6C55C670DC15934BA4A189" originalValue="mésosternum">mesosternum</normalizedToken>
lisses et luisants. Les
<normalizedToken id="AF5D97D05E0CD7BCB7F84E0F1C629785" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="3FAE20885FFDBC6D72B65C5E9E69856F" originalValue="métanotum">metanotum</normalizedToken>
sont
<normalizedToken id="35E509336891EC2082821C2BC178DF83" originalValue="dirigées">dirigees</normalizedToken>
en
<normalizedToken id="E412AAABF3BD3D5EB9059A1A7A523403" originalValue="arrière">arriere</normalizedToken>
et en haut, plus courtes que chez le soldat. Les
<normalizedToken id="5859CD6FE63E2DEFA78A7C5C684587B4" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
du
<normalizedToken id="FD6D3350CACA180A67CBF6B4354E0105" originalValue="deuxième">deuxieme</normalizedToken>
n
<normalizedToken id="8ADC270F085D58BD5AFD0EF57DCCF6F6" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud du
<normalizedToken id="E22F76F77E961C8A1C4636EF4CC6B8A8" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
sont aussi un peu plus courtes que chez le soldat, mais du reste identiques. Tout le reste comme chez le soldat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5DF7F623529C72E237280D379C9A2A5" pageNumber="173">
La [[queen]] et le [[soldier]] ont
<normalizedToken id="171E2A3B0B632BABD50CF30C755656DE" originalValue="été">ete</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4776086B94C6097CFCC3C08750E82C5D" originalValue="récoltés">recoltes</normalizedToken>
par M. Sikora dans
<normalizedToken id="6B35EA408FB783FBEF236A760F8A2BA3" originalValue="l'Imerinâ">l'Imerina</normalizedToken>
sans? correspondantes, tandis que le
<normalizedToken id="F9B79BC7A33E8907CFA810818C022CC9" originalValue="Rév">Rev</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="087AAA1850DE5BCDB81D746D8194EC45" originalValue="Père">Pere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CE0F569A477BB8D9BE54763884542B6D" originalValue="Camboué">Camboue</normalizedToken>
a
<normalizedToken id="F9D91D33845C484715300DAAF60C31AC" originalValue="récolté">recolte</normalizedToken>
la [[worker]] seule.
<normalizedToken id="BDA27277EF3D5336C608065644BB436B" originalValue="Malgré">Malgre</normalizedToken>
cela,
<normalizedToken id="A6019EC35E6FF169BF530311FFA3E3AA" originalValue="l'identité">l'identite</normalizedToken>
de la [[worker]], de la [[queen]] et du [[soldier]] de cette belle et
<normalizedToken id="9E9DDB4C3018242035B48DE18FECF553" originalValue="singulière">singuliere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BF39162AE580931D94533956A1E1113E" originalValue="espèce">espece</normalizedToken>
si aberrante ne laisse aucun doute.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8703C5E090CF734430B5EAF48C3EFDD" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="283E58610AA6CB3A7CF311A83EE0B5E4" pageNumber="173">
<normalizedToken id="B1EE6DCE03688CADBBA7D31F912449F2" originalValue="Imerinà">Imerina</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken id="4E1B86678719349068026B5BEA02EBDC" originalValue="Antananarivô">Antananarivo</normalizedToken>
, etc. (
<normalizedToken id="D811864E76EDE9F5D993CD25A1DEBEFC" originalValue="Rév">Rev</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="7704E8A5FEB14EF7DA76C2939FAF0B74" originalValue="Père">Pere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="14EB20432AA1792B2EF4149202415127" originalValue="Camboué">Camboue</normalizedToken>
et M. Sikora).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB874EE7527E63C3AAEC21D6261495BC" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F35431118DD842BB51AB0B078A7EDF1" pageNumber="173">
Ses deux immenses
<normalizedToken id="B4B0C00BB59B9A99CBC2ED253ABBD5C0" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C3D3ACF012A8B6D3F7A0F91FB1A18402" originalValue="métanotales">metanotales</normalizedToken>
en
<normalizedToken id="BF5017E0CDFAA2ED7A3572CE218876F3" originalValue="épée">epee</normalizedToken>
et les deux
<normalizedToken id="FE2C93D903B2C4835E01CA03492D0FF0" originalValue="épines">epines</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="09698B1ABB8CF597427362E9C831A856" originalValue="latérales">laterales</normalizedToken>
du second n
<normalizedToken id="C5832370BB4F9AAE4A34152BF8F5D60E" originalValue="œ">oe</normalizedToken>
ud du
<normalizedToken id="34BF197A2B62AB1668BC0C9B4B1934D6" originalValue="pédicule">pedicule</normalizedToken>
chez le [[soldier]] et la [[queen]] distinguent cette
<normalizedToken id="AF5437EABA6DA0638C47503E6B844935" originalValue="espèce">espece</normalizedToken>
de toutes les autres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="A8AB05449715227D59FDC71B3D8E217D" ID-CoL="55YZ6" ID-ENA="1078521" authority="Duclos, 1832" authorityName="Duclos" authorityYear="1832" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Thaisella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thaisella chocolata" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="28937" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chocolata">Thaisella chocolata (Duclos, 1832)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91119CFAFC50104F9E62360B964FE091" pageId="0" pageNumber="28937">
<taxonomicName id="1075263A2476B911BBE7A8949583E920" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Purpura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Purpura chocolata" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="28937" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chocolata">Purpura chocolata</taxonomicName>
Duclos, 1832
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CC8FBEF480F9E010A15FBB12CF84A4EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="28937" type="notes">
<paragraph id="33AEE80D943EF0AB71483F12E85B62D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="28937">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D7FDCB3732DE8C404970C65D9C37106" pageId="0" pageNumber="28937">Types of substrate: hard bottom.Depth / bathymetric range: 0-10 m. Station code: D1(0); D2(5, 10); D3(0, 5, 10).</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="1F7FB5ED2C1EB6C0CF7FD529937F69B5">Systematics of small Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the southern Kimberley, Western Australia: redescription of G. kimberleyi Börner &amp; Schüttler, 1983 and description of a new restricted range species</mods:title>
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<heading id="DC56F26DFFA97404FF78F903FD7BF91D" bold="true" box="[151,697,1711,1738]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA97404FF78F903FD7BF91D" authority="Borner &amp; Schuttler, 1983" authorityName="Borner &amp; Schuttler" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,697,1711,1738]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA97404FF78F903FD7BF91D" bold="true" box="[151,697,1711,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA97404FF78F903FEB5F91E" bold="true" box="[151,375,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFA97404FE91F91CFD7BF91D" author="Borner" box="[382,697,1712,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" refString="Borner, A. R. &amp; Schuttler, B. I. (1983) An additional note on the Australian geckos of the genus Gehyra. Miscellaneous Articles in Saurology, 12, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1983">Börner &amp; Schüttler, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="871E4501FFA97404FF78F97EFE66F93C" blockId="2.[151,697,1711,1807]" box="[151,420,1746,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Robust termitaria gecko</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA97404FF78F95AFEC2F8D8" blockId="2.[151,697,1711,1807]" box="[151,256,1782,1807]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA97404FF78F95AFEC2F8D8" box="[151,256,1782,1807]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1221,1243]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1436,409,1196]" captionTargetBox-1="[277,1309,517,1899]" captionTargetBox-2="[281,1305,1127,1899]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[150,1436,409,1200]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[277,1310,517,1899]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[281,1306,1127,1899]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Preserved specimens of Gehyra kimberleyi, showing variation in dorsal patterns. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Gehyra kimberleyi in life. Top: weakly marked adult specimen from Roebuck Plains Homestead; bottom: strongly marked juvenile specimen from Broome (photographs—B. Maryan)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Chin shield configuration in Gehyra treated here; A) G. kimberleyi WAMR 175035, B) G. pilbara WAMR 108632, C) G. girlooloo sp. nov. WAMR 175045 and D) G. nana WAMR 175063. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/260934/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/260935/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/260936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA97404FF78F892FEC9F880" bold="true" box="[151,267,1854,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFA97404FF78F892FEC4F880" box="[151,262,1854,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFA97404FEFAF893FE9FF880" box="[277,349,1855,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">BSRC</collectionCode>
Geck 65 SC (private collection of Achim-Rüdiger Börner,
<collectingCountry id="FFB60591FFA97404FBFAF893FB40F880" box="[1045,1154,1855,1879]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Germany</collectingCountry>
), ‘
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south of Derby, W.A.’
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA97404FF28F82AFE83F848" bold="true" box="[199,321,1926,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Digits broadly expanded basally and subdigital scansors present on all digits of manus and pes. Digit I of manus and pes clawless, penultimate phalynx of digits II–V free from scansorial pad. Differs from non- Australian
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA97404FEFDF862FEA5F831" box="[274,359,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Gehyra</emphasis>
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by the combination of: absence of webbing between third and fourth toes, absence of a skin fold along the posterior hindlimb and medium adult size (SVL &lt;
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). Differs from Australian
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FB1CFF34FA85FF67" box="[1267,1351,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Gehyra</emphasis>
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by the combination of moderate size (SVL &lt;
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), short snout (SnEye/HL mean 0.42) and deep head (HD/HL mean 0.48), subdigital lamellae divided without basal wedge of granules, moderate number of pre-cloacal pores (12–17), postmentals not contacting the second infralabial, one pair of chin shields and dorsal background colour light reddish-brown to pale tan or greyish-brown with diffuse, widely-spaced pale spots and small dark-brown blotches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA87405FF28FEE0FAF6FE7B" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FF28FEE0FE72FEB2" bold="true" box="[199,432,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
Details of
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.
</emphasis>
From original description (in mm). SVL 36; TailL 39; HeadL (tip of rostral to anterior corner of ear) 9; HW 7.3; HD 4.3; HD/SVL 0.119; SupLab* 6/7; InfLab* 6/7; FingSubDL 6; ToeSubDL 9; rostral with cleft, undivided; first SupLab higher than second (*not defined, possibly measured to centre of eye).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFA87400FF28FE1BFAECFECA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA87405FF28FE1BFE7EFD7F" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FF28FE1BFE14FE07" bold="true" box="[199,470,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Description of species.</emphasis>
Range of variation for measurements and scale counts are presented in
<tableCitation id="CA2370BAFFA87405FACEFE1BFABAFE07" box="[1313,1400,439,464]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,722,745]" captionTargetBox="[159,1302,908,1343]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mean [range], in mm) and meristic data (mode [range]) for the four small-bodied Gehyra species treated here." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3DE1589FFA87405FF78FD7EFEADFCDE" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="D3DE1589FFA87405FF78FD7EFEADFCDE">Table 1</tableCitation>
. A medium-sized (adult SVL mean
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, range 42.0–
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA87405FCE0FE70FCBBFE23" box="[783,889,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="61.3">61.3 mm</quantity>
), moderately robust gecko. Head deep (HD/HL 0.48, 0.40–0.58), moderately wide (HW/HL 0.86, 0.76–0.97), widest posterior to eye, tapering to a rounded snout, narrowing posteriorly to a slightly constricted neck. Snout short (SnEye/HL 0.42, 0.39–0.46), generally shorter than twice eye length (OrbL/SnEye 0.58, 0.54–0.63), occasionally slightly concave on dorsal surface, canthus rounded; in profile view, snout convex with blunt tip. Body moderately long (TrunkL/SVL 0.42, 0.37–0.47) and robust, slightly depressed.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="871E4501FFA87405FF78FD7EFEADFCDE" blockId="3.[151,1436,721,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FF78FD7EFEC9FD3E" bold="true" box="[151,267,722,745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (mean [range], in mm) and meristic data (mode [range]) for the four small-bodied
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FAA3FD7DFA5EFD3E" box="[1356,1436,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Gehyra</emphasis>
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species treated here.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FEDDFC8AFD74FCEC" box="[306,694,805,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA87405FEDDFC8AFE7AFCEC" box="[306,440,805,827]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">G. kimberleyi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA87405FDDCFC8AFD74FCEC" box="[563,694,805,827]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">G. girloorloo</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA87405FD52FC89FCCCFCED" box="[701,782,805,826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FD52FC89FCCCFCED" bold="true" box="[701,782,805,826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA87405FCDBFC8AFC40FCEC" box="[820,898,806,827]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FCDBFC8AFC40FCEC" box="[820,898,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">G. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(south Kimberley)
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA87405FB81FC8AFB17FCEC" box="[1134,1237,805,827]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FB81FC8AFB17FCEC" box="[1134,1237,805,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">G. pilbara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA87405FEDDFCE9FB77FC8D" blockId="3.[306,1286,805,888]" box="[306,1205,836,858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">N = 19 N = 17 N = 40 N = 14</paragraph>
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(M = 11/F = 8) (M = 10/F = 7) (M = 20/F = 20) (M = 4/F = 10) On head, dorsal scales largest on snout, ~2.5 times larger than scales on crown of head and body and slightly projecting and imbricate. Nostrils large and circular, bordered by rostral, supranasal, two postnasals of similar size and first supralabial; supranasals round to triangular in shape, usually separated by a single large internarial scale. Rostral scale wider than high
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA87405FE17F821FDC3F871" bold="true" box="[504,513,1933,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">(</emphasis>
RosH/RosW 0.64, 0.56–0.74), slightly gabled, usually with a deep medial cleft ~60% of rostral height. Supralabials 7–9 (mode 8), infralabials 7–8 (mode 7). First supralabial higher than subsequent supralabials. Supralabials bordered dorsally by enlarged row of scales posteriorly that decrease in size as for supralabials. Mental scale roughly triangular, divides postmentals 20–40%. Postmentals in contact with first infralabial only; single pair of outer chin shields smaller with rounded outer edge, ~two-thirds the height of postmentals, in contact with first and second infralabials, thereby excluding postmental from contact with second infralabial. Second or third infralabial notched and in contact with first parinfralabial. Eye small (OrbL/HL 0.24, 0.21–0.27), circular, small fringe of mostly rounded scales extends from the postero-dorsal to the anterio-ventral edge. Ear openings moderately large and circular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA87405FF70FC20FB32FAE8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<table id="F5A1B7A1FFA88BF9FF70FC20FAD4FAE8" box="[159,1302,908,1343]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FC20FAD4FC75" box="[159,1302,908,930]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FC20FF2EFC75" box="[159,236,908,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">SVL</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFC20FE18FC75" box="[306,474,908,930]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">50.4 (42.0–61.3)</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFC20FD1EFC75" box="[563,732,908,930]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">42.9 (39.8–47.4)</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFC20FC1FFC75" box="[820,989,908,930]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">40.0 (35.0–44.3)</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FC20FAD4FC75" box="[1134,1302,908,930]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">41.4 (33.4–45.1)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FC19FAD4FC1C" box="[159,1302,949,971]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FC19FF2EFC1C" box="[159,236,949,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">HL</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFC19FE18FC1C" box="[306,474,949,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">12.0 (9.9–14.1)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFC19FD1EFC1C" box="[563,732,949,971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">10.4 (9.7–11.5)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFC19FC1FFC1C" box="[820,989,949,971]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">10.3 (8.9–11.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FC19FAD4FC1C" box="[1134,1302,949,971]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">9.4 (7.9–10.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FC72FAD4FC23" box="[159,1302,990,1012]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FC72FF2EFC23" box="[159,236,990,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">HW</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFC72FE18FC23" box="[306,474,990,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">10.4 (8.5–12.6)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFC72FD1EFC23" box="[563,732,990,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8.6 (7.6–9.1)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFC72FC1FFC23" box="[820,989,990,1012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8.4 (7.6–9.4)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FC72FAD4FC23" box="[1134,1302,990,1012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8.0 (6.9–9.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FBA4FAD4FBC9" box="[159,1302,1032,1054]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FBA4FF2EFBC9" box="[159,236,1032,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">HD</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFBA4FE18FBC9" box="[306,474,1032,1054]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5.8 (4.5–7.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFBA4FD1EFBC9" box="[563,732,1032,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.7 (3.8–5.6)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFBA4FC1FFBC9" box="[820,989,1032,1054]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.3 (3.6–5.1)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FBA4FAD4FBC9" box="[1134,1302,1032,1054]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5.2 (4.5–6.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FB9DFAD4FB90" box="[159,1302,1073,1095]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FB9DFF2EFB90" box="[159,236,1073,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ArmL</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFB9DFE18FB90" box="[306,474,1073,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5.5 (4.1–7.7)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFB9DFD1EFB90" box="[563,732,1073,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.9 (4.6–5.6)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFB9DFC1FFB90" box="[820,989,1073,1095]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.4 (3.6–5.8)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FB9DFAD4FB90" box="[1134,1302,1073,1095]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.4 (3.0–5.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FBF6FAD4FBA7" box="[159,1302,1114,1136]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FBF6FF2EFBA7" box="[159,236,1114,1136]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">HindL</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFBF6FE18FBA7" box="[306,474,1114,1136]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">6.0 (4.6–8.7)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFBF6FD1EFBA7" box="[563,732,1114,1136]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.9 (4.4–5.5)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFBF6FC1FFBA7" box="[820,989,1114,1136]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.8 (3.6–6.7)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FBF6FAD4FBA7" box="[1134,1302,1114,1136]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.5 (3.1–5.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FB28FAD4FB4D" box="[159,1302,1156,1178]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FB28FF2EFB4D" box="[159,236,1156,1178]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">TrunkL</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFB28FE18FB4D" box="[306,474,1156,1178]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">21.1 (16.2–27.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFB28FD1EFB4D" box="[563,732,1156,1178]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">17.8 (15.1–20.7)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFB28FC1FFB4D" box="[820,989,1156,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">15.8 (12.0–19.5)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FB28FAD4FB4D" box="[1134,1302,1156,1178]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">17.3 (15.1–19.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FB01FAD4FB14" box="[159,1302,1197,1219]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FB01FF2EFB14" box="[159,236,1197,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">NarEye</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFB01FE18FB14" box="[306,474,1197,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.0 (3.2–5.2)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFB01FD1EFB14" box="[563,732,1197,1219]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3.4 (3.0–3.8)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFB01FC1FFB14" box="[820,989,1197,1219]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3.4 (2.9–4.0)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FB01FAD4FB14" box="[1134,1302,1197,1219]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.9 (2.4–3.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FB7AFAD4FB3B" box="[159,1302,1238,1260]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FB7AFF2EFB3B" box="[159,236,1238,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">SnEye</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFB7AFE18FB3B" box="[306,474,1238,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5.0 (4.1–5.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFB7AFD1EFB3B" box="[563,732,1238,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.4 (3.9–4.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFB7AFC1FFB3B" box="[820,989,1238,1260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4.4 (3.7–5.0)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FB7AFAD4FB3B" box="[1134,1302,1238,1260]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3.9 (3.6–4.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FAACFAD4FAC1" box="[159,1302,1280,1302]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FAACFF2EFAC1" box="[159,236,1280,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">EyeEar</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFAACFE18FAC1" box="[306,474,1280,1302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3.5 (2.8–4.2)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFAACFD1EFAC1" box="[563,732,1280,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.8 (2.3–3.2)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFAACFC1FFAC1" box="[820,989,1280,1302]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.9 (2.4–3.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FAACFAD4FAC1" box="[1134,1302,1280,1302]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.5 (1.9–3.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FA85FAD4FAE8" box="[159,1302,1321,1343]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FA85FF2EFAE8" box="[159,236,1321,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">InterN</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FEDDFA85FE18FAE8" box="[306,474,1321,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.5 (1.1–2.1)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFA85FD1EFAE8" box="[563,732,1321,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.3 (1.2–1.5)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFA85FC1FFAE8" box="[820,989,1321,1343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.3 (0.9–1.6)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FA85FAD4FAE8" box="[1134,1302,1321,1343]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.1 (0.9–1.3)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA87405FF70FAFEFB7AF90B" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<table id="F5A1B7A1FFA88BF9FF70FAFEFAD4F90B" box="[159,1302,1362,1756]" gridcols="4" gridrows="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FAFEFAD4FABF" box="[159,1302,1362,1384]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FAFEFE76FABF" box="[159,436,1362,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">InterOrb 3.6 (3.0–4.4)</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFAFEFD77FABF" box="[563,693,1362,1384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.9 (2.5–3.3)</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFAFEFC75FABF" box="[820,951,1362,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3.0 (2.5–3.7)</th>
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FAFEFAD4FABF" box="[1134,1302,1362,1384]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.8 (2.3–3.1)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FAD0FAD4FA45" box="[159,1302,1404,1426]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FAD0FE76FA45" box="[159,436,1404,1426]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">OrbL 2.9 (2.4–3.4)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFAD0FD77FA45" box="[563,693,1404,1426]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.6 (2.3–2.9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFAD0FC75FA45" box="[820,951,1404,1426]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.3 (1.6–2.8)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FAD0FAD4FA45" box="[1134,1302,1404,1426]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">2.3 (2.0–2.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FA09FAD4FA6C" box="[159,1302,1445,1467]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FA09FE76FA6C" box="[159,436,1445,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">RosH 1.1 (0.9–1.4)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFA09FD77FA6C" box="[563,693,1445,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">0.9 (0.7–1.1)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFA09FC75FA6C" box="[820,951,1445,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.0 (0.6–1.3)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FA09FAD4FA6C" box="[1134,1302,1445,1467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.0 (0.8–1.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FA62FAD4FA33" box="[159,1302,1486,1508]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FA62FE76FA33" box="[159,436,1486,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">RosW 1.8 (1.4–2.1)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFA62FD77FA33" box="[563,693,1486,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.5 (1.4–1.8)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFA62FC75FA33" box="[820,951,1486,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.6 (1.3–2.0)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FA62FAD4FA33" box="[1134,1302,1486,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1.5 (1.2–1.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70FA54FAD4F9D9" box="[159,1302,1528,1550]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70FA54FE76F9D9" box="[159,436,1528,1550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">SupLab 8 (7–9)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCFA54FD77F9D9" box="[563,693,1528,1550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8 (7–9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBFA54FC75F9D9" box="[820,951,1528,1550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8 (7–10)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81FA54FAD4F9D9" box="[1134,1302,1528,1550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">7 (7–8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70F98DFAD4F9E0" box="[159,1302,1569,1591]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70F98DFE76F9E0" box="[159,436,1569,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">InfLab 7 (7–8)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCF98DFD77F9E0" box="[563,693,1569,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">7 (7–9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBF98DFC75F9E0" box="[820,951,1569,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8 (6–9)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81F98DFAD4F9E0" box="[1134,1302,1569,1591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">7 (7–8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70F9E6FAD4F9B7" box="[159,1302,1610,1632]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70F9E6FE76F9B7" box="[159,436,1610,1632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">InterNsc 1 (0–2)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCF9E6FD77F9B7" box="[563,693,1610,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">0 (0–2)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBF9E6FC75F9B7" box="[820,951,1610,1632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">1 (0–1)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81F9E6FAD4F9B7" box="[1134,1302,1610,1632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">0 (0–1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70F9D8FAD4F95D" box="[159,1302,1652,1674]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70F9D8FE76F95D" box="[159,436,1652,1674]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">PCP 16 (12–17)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCF9D8FD77F95D" box="[563,693,1652,1674]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">9 (8–11)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBF9D8FC75F95D" box="[820,951,1652,1674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">14 (11–17)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81F9D8FAD4F95D" box="[1134,1302,1652,1674]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">13 (13–14)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70F931FAD4F964" box="[159,1302,1693,1715]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70F931FE76F964" box="[159,436,1693,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">FingSubDL 6 (5–7)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCF931FD77F964" box="[563,693,1693,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">6 (5–6)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBF931FC75F964" box="[820,951,1693,1715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5 (5–6)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81F931FAD4F964" box="[1134,1302,1693,1715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5 (5–6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39914743FFA88BF9FF70F96AFAD4F90B" box="[159,1302,1734,1756]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<th id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FF70F96AFE76F90B" box="[159,436,1734,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ToeSubDL 7 (6–9)</th>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FDDCF96AFD77F90B" box="[563,693,1734,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">6 (6–7)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FCDBF96AFC75F90B" box="[820,951,1734,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">6 (5–7)</td>
<td id="7A402E3FFFA88BF9FB81F96AFAD4F90B" box="[1134,1302,1734,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">6 (5–7)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFAF7402FF78FB69FAC3FB0C" box="[151,1281,1221,1243]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260934/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[150,1436,409,1196]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAF7402FF78FB69FAC3FB0C" blockId="4.[151,1281,1221,1243]" box="[151,1281,1221,1243]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAF7402FF78FB69FED0FB0D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1221,1243]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAF7402FDE1FB69FD09FB0C" box="[526,715,1221,1243]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAF7402FDE1FB69FD09FB0C" box="[526,715,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing variation in dorsal patterns. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAF7402FF28FAAEFF1BFA19" blockId="4.[151,1436,1282,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Dorsal scales homogeneous, small, rounded and juxtaposed; gular scales granular; ventral midbody scales 2–3 as large as dorsal scales, slightly imbricate and tending to be diamond-shaped; limbs covered in granular scales, scales on anterior surfaces enlarged, especially on legs. Pre-cloacal pores 12–17, mode 16, perpendicular to body distally and medial curving forwards to form a sharply pointed ‘v’ with anteriorly-directed apex. Usually a single small post-cloacal spur present on each side in males. Females lack pre-cloacal pores and prominent post-cloacal spurs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAF7402FF28FA76FE67F954" blockId="4.[151,1436,1282,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Limbs very short (ArmL/SVL 0.11, 0.09–0.13; HindL/SVL 0.12, 0.10–0.17); five digits on each limb, claws present on digits 2–5, claws long and free, arising from dorsal surface of expanded toe pads and extending above and well beyond toe pad, row of elongate and sharply pointed distal scales on periphery of dorsal surface of toe; toe pads ovoid; subdigital lamellae divided, 5–7 (mode 6) pairs on fourth finger, and 6–9 (mode 7) on fourth toe, apical lamellae wedge-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAF7402FF28F922FE7BF8C4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1282,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Tail moderately long and moderately thin to slightly swollen, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened in crosssection, tapering to fine tip. Dorsal scales of tail flattened with rounded posterior edge, tending to be arranged in rows. Enlarged, wide series of scales beneath tail, bordered peripherally by 2–4 rows of enlarged scales, decreasing in size on lateral surfaces.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAF7403FF28F8B2FF3DFEE8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1282,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAF7402FF28F8B2FDDAF8E0" bold="true" box="[199,536,1822,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Colouration in preservative.</emphasis>
Background dorsal colour varies from dark reddish- or greyish-brown with fine dark stippling to light salmon-pink, pale and patternless in larger individuals (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFAF7402FC17F8EEFBFEF88C" box="[1016,1084,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1221,1243]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,409,1196]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,409,1200]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Preserved specimens of Gehyra kimberleyi, showing variation in dorsal patterns. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260934/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surfaces of head, torso and tail usually with scattered poorly-defined small, dark greyish-brown spots, blotches, flecks or short bars; pale grey spots interspersed among the darker markings, usually forming rows of 4–6 spots; on the neck and crown, blotches are usually separated, on the torso often transversely aligned to form loosely-defined bands on the body and on the tail often forming concentric bands. Dark longitudinal streaks on lateral surface of neck posterior to eye or a series of small dark blotches. Limbs with similar pattern to dorsum, but generally less well defined. Ventral colour pale, lightly stippled but more darkly pigmented anteriorly, especially in gular region. Iris pale silvery blue, pupil vertical and pale with crenelated edge. Original tails with alternating dark and pale concentric rings or series of blotches. Regenerated tails with no clear pattern, although indistinct longitudinal brown streaks are sometimes apparent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAE7403FF28FEE0FAAAFE07" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAE7403FF28FEE0FE68FEB2" bold="true" box="[199,426,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
Based on photographs of specimens captured in the south-western Kimberley. The dorsal background colour is pale or golden tan to medium dark brown, and the dorsal pattern consists of scattered dark brown blotches and smaller pale spots that occur in alternating rows, especially the vertebral zone, with smaller spots occurring on the head, flanks and limbs. The dorsal pattern tends to be less distinct in larger specimens (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFAE7403FAF8FE1BFA9BFE07" box="[1303,1369,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[277,1309,517,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[277,1310,517,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gehyra kimberleyi in life. Top: weakly marked adult specimen from Roebuck Plains Homestead; bottom: strongly marked juvenile specimen from Broome (photographs—B. Maryan)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFAE7403FF78F82DFC93F862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[277,1309,517,1899]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAE7403FF78F82DFC93F862" blockId="5.[151,1436,1921,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAE7403FF78F82DFED0F841" bold="true" box="[151,274,1921,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAE7403FEF6F82DFE14F840" box="[281,470,1921,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAE7403FEF6F82DFE14F840" box="[281,470,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in life. Top: weakly marked adult specimen from Roebuck Plains Homestead; bottom: strongly marked juvenile specimen from Broome (photographs—B. Maryan).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FF3BFAECFECA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FF3BFDC6FF67" bold="true" box="[199,516,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Habitat and reproduction.</emphasis>
Habitat notes from collectors of specimens held at the WAM indicate most were collected from termite mounds (128 of 227 such records). Other collection locations indicate generalist habits, with specimens collected from trees, under logs and other ground cover and including vertical rock faces. Like other species in the
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FEDBFEA8FDA5FECB" box="[308,615,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FEDBFEA8FE4BFECB" box="[308,393,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gehyra</taxonomicName>
variegata-punctata
</emphasis>
species-group (
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFAD7400FCF8FEA8FC7CFECA" author="Doughty" box="[791,958,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Doughty, P. (1996) Allometry of reproduction in two species of gekkonid lizards (Gehyra): effects of body size miniaturization on clutch and egg sizes. Journal of Zoology, 260, 703 - 715. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1996. tb 05316. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Doughty 1996</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FC3EFEA8FBA4FECB" box="[977,1126,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC3EFEA8FBA4FECB" box="[977,1126,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lays a single egg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFAD7400FF28FE8BFBB2FD52" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FE8BFBB2FD52" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FE8BFEA2FE97" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</emphasis>
Occurs throughout the southern Kimberley region, from Cape Leveque at the northern edge of the Dampier Peninsula in the west, as far north as Mt Elizabeth in the central Kimberley, and north-east to Lake Argyle near Kununurra (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFAD7400FE43FEC3FE2FFE5F" box="[428,493,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1344,1366]" captionTargetBox="[347,1238,527,1313]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[339,1248,519,1319]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Gehyra kimberleyi (circles) and G. girloorloo sp. nov. (diamonds) from the Kimberley and surrounding regions of Western Australia; lighter regions are higher in elevation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260933/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Most records are from south of the King Leopold and Durack barrier ranges, with several records south of the Fitzroy Crossing area. There are no records north of the Durack Range in the eastern Kimberley, although this region is the most poorly surveyed of the Kimberley. In the Northern Territory, the species is recorded from Buchanan Station. There are records of genotyped specimens as far south as the northern
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FAA2FE70FA5EFE22" box="[1357,1436,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">Pilbara</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FF4FFE53FF2AFDCF" box="[160,232,511,536]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
north-east of Nifty Mine and Meentheena Nature Reserve), with several specimens from along the
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FAA8FDACFA5FFDCF" box="[1351,1437,511,536]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mi" value="80.0">80 mile</quantity>
beach extension of Dampierland between the west Kimberley and
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FC91FD88FC0FFDEA" box="[894,973,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">Pilbara</taxonomicName>
regions. In the Great Sandy Desert, there are records from Dragon Tree Soak Nature Reserve in the south to records further north. The Great Sandy Desert remains poorly surveyed and this species may be more widely distributed in this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFAD7400FF28FD23FB51FBE3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FD23FDB2FC8A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FD23FE8CFD7F" bold="true" box="[199,334,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</emphasis>
Although the original description mentions the ‘Kimberleys’ (sic) (
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFAD7400FBD0FD3CFA49FD7F" author="Borner" box="[1087,1419,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Borner, A. R. &amp; Schuttler, B. I. (1983) An additional note on the Australian geckos of the genus Gehyra. Miscellaneous Articles in Saurology, 12, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="p">Börner &amp; Schüttler 1983, p. 1</bibRefCitation>
), no explicit etymology was provided. The presumed correct formation of the specific name is ‘kimberleyensis’, which means the taxon is from the Kimberley region. The proposed name ‘kimberleyi’ would refer to a male named Kimberley. The error, however, cannot be emended under current ICZN rules of nomenclature. The suggested common name refers to species’ body habitus, and ‘termitaria’ indicates this species’ habitat preference (although it is not exclusive to termitaria).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FCCBFA91FC1F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FCCBFD83FC57" bold="true" box="[199,577,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FDA6FCC4FCDBFC57" box="[585,793,872,896]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FDA6FCC4FCDBFC57" box="[585,793,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all non-Australian
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FACBFCC4FABAFC57" box="[1316,1400,872,896]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FACBFCC4FABAFC57" box="[1316,1400,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of absence of webbing between the third and fourth toes (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC1FFC21FBFAFC73" box="[1008,1080,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
present), the absence of a skin fold along the posterior hindlimb (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FDF6FC1DFDA2FC1F" box="[537,608,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
present) and its smaller size (max SVL &lt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FBD6FC03FB4AFC10" box="[1081,1160,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FB61FC1DFB17FC1F" box="[1166,1237,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
&gt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FB1BFC03FA8AFC1F" box="[1268,1352,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FC78FB51FBE3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
Within
<collectingCountry id="FFB60591FFAD7400FEF5FC78FE46FC3A" box="[282,388,980,1005]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FE61FC78FDE0FC3B" box="[398,546,980,1004]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FE61FC78FDE0FC3B" box="[398,546,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all members of the
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FBCAFC78FB64FC3B" box="[1061,1190,980,1004]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FBCAFC78FB64FC3B" box="[1061,1190,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (which are largely restricted to the AMT) by its smaller size (max SVL &lt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FC71FC5BFC32FBD8" box="[926,1008,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC16FC55FB82FBC7" box="[1017,1088,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
max SVL&gt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FB32FC5BFAF0FBC7" box="[1245,1330,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
), divided subdigital lamellae (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FE94FBB1FE00FBE3" box="[379,450,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
at least some undivided) and single egg per clutch (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FBE5FBB1FB93FBE3" box="[1034,1105,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
two).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFAD7400FF28FBECFD34F89A" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FBECFBD1FA82" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FF28FBECFE5AFB8F" box="[199,408,1088,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FBECFE5AFB8F" box="[199,408,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from most other members of the
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC15FBECFB2DFB80" box="[1018,1263,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. variegata-punctata</emphasis>
group that also occur in the AMT as follows; from
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FDD4FBC8FD3BFBAB" authority="Storr" authorityName="Storr" box="[571,761,1124,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenopus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FDD4FBC8FD7AFBAB" box="[571,696,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. xenopus</emphasis>
Storr
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FCD9FBC8FC13FBAB" box="[822,977,1124,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spheniscus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FCD9FBC8FC13FBAB" box="[822,977,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. spheniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a wedge of granules between proximal lamellae (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FE3BFB25FDDEFB77" box="[468,540,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
present), and in the case of the former species, smaller size (max SVL 62
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FABBFB25FA59FB77" box="[1364,1435,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FF78FB00FF2BFB13" box="[151,233,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="79.0">79 mm</quantity>
); from
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FED5FB00FDDFFB13" authority="Storr" authorityName="Storr" box="[314,541,1196,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FED5FB00FE1DFB13" box="[314,479,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
Storr
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller body size (max SVL 62
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC20FB01FBD4FB13" box="[975,1046,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FBF2FB00FBB2FB13" box="[1053,1136,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
), deeper head, postmentals
<date id="F31F63C1FFAD7400FF78FB7CFF7EFB3F" box="[151,188,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">3 x</date>
longer than wide (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FE77FB7DFE1DFB3F" box="[408,479,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
<date id="F31F63C1FFAD7400FE06FB7CFDD2FB3F" box="[489,528,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">4 x</date>
), lower number of subdigital lamellae (6–8
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FBE4FB7DFB91FB3F" box="[1035,1107,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
7–10), fewer pores in males (12–17
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF00FB59FEF5FADB" box="[239,311,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
18–30) and more clearly-defined spots on the dorsum; and from
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FBC8FB58FDDCFAE7" authority="Doughty, Palmer, Sistrom, Bauer &amp; Donnellan, 2012" authorityName="Doughty, Palmer, Sistrom, Bauer &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiporosa">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FBC8FB58FB0FFADB" box="[1063,1229,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. multiporosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFAD7400FB39FB58FDDCFAE7" author="Doughty" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Doughty, P., Palmer, R., Sistrom, M. J., Bauer, A. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C. (2012) Two new species of Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) geckos from the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 27, 117 - 134." type="journal article" year="2012">Doughty, Palmer, Sistrom, Bauer &amp; Donnellan, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by fewer pores in adult males (12–17
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC3FFAB5FBD5FAE7" box="[976,1047,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
20–49), dark markings on dorsum not tending to form transverse bars and the absence of dark lateral head streaks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FACCFAD1FA33" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FF28FACCFE5BFAAF" box="[199,409,1376,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FACCFE5BFAAF" box="[199,409,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from both geographically proximate and
<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFAD7400FB8DFACDFB50FAAE" box="[1122,1170,1377,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FB74FACCFB31FAAF" box="[1179,1267,1376,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FB74FACCFB31FAAF" box="[1179,1267,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by short snout and deep head, tan or greyish brown dorsal colouration (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FCE5FA29FC93FA4B" box="[778,849,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
reddish), generally larger body size (SVL 42.0–61.3
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF78FA05FF1DFA17" box="[151,223,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
35.0–44.3), more larger, irregular and pale blotches (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC9DFA05FC78FA17" box="[882,954,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
small and clearly defined), diffuse and transversely oriented dark brown blotches on dorsum (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FD14FA61FC81FA33" box="[763,835,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
clearly defined brown blotches or spots).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28FA5CFC5AF937" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FF28FA5CFE5AF9DF" box="[199,408,1520,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF28FA5CFE5AF9DF" box="[199,408,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps with a number of other members of the
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC2AFA5CFB79F9D0" box="[965,1211,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. variegata-punctata</emphasis>
species-group from the Australian arid zone, especially in the northern
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FD0BF9B8FCF5F9FA" box="[740,823,1556,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">Pilbara</taxonomicName>
. It differs from species in this group in having dorsal markings of dark blotches that tend to coalesce to form transverse bars (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC30F995FBE4F987" box="[991,1062,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
continuous longitudinal lines or network in
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FEF5F9F0FE64F9A3" box="[282,422,1628,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FEF5F9F0FE64F9A3" box="[282,422,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FE0FF9F0FDA1F9A3" box="[480,611,1628,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FE0FF9F0FDA1F9A3" box="[480,611,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFAD7400FD90F9F0FC4AF9A3" author="Hutchinson" box="[639,904,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Hutchinson, M. N., Sistrom, M. J., Donnellan, S. C. &amp; Hutchinson, R. G. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the Australian arid zone lizards Gehyra variegata and G. montium (Squamata, Gekkonidae) with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3814 (2), 221 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3814.2.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hutchinson
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FCE6F9F1FCFEF9A3" box="[777,828,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), and by having 7–9 supralabial scales (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FABBF9F1FA59F9A3" box="[1364,1435,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FF78F92CFF2CF94F" box="[151,238,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FF19F92CFE40F940" box="[246,386,1664,1687]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF19F92CFE40F940" box="[246,386,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. variegata</emphasis>
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and
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FE53F92CFDD0F94F" box="[444,530,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FDF4F92CFD5FF940" box="[539,669,1664,1687]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FDF4F92CFD5FF940" box="[539,669,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFAD7400FD55F9D3FC00F94F" author="Hutchinson" box="[698,962,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Hutchinson, M. N., Sistrom, M. J., Donnellan, S. C. &amp; Hutchinson, R. G. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the Australian arid zone lizards Gehyra variegata and G. montium (Squamata, Gekkonidae) with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3814 (2), 221 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3814.2.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hutchinson
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FCACF92DFCB7F94F" box="[835,885,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). It is distinguished from members of the
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FF78F908FE95F96B" box="[151,343,1700,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FF78F908FE95F96B" box="[151,343,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex by its diffuse dorsal colouration (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FC44F909FC30F96B" box="[939,1010,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
well defined dark and light spots or blotches) and postmentals that do not contact the second supralabial.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAD7400FF28F941FD34F89A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
From
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAD7400FEE2F940FE7FF8D3" box="[269,445,1772,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FEE2F940FE7FF8D3" box="[269,445,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gehyra pilbara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with which it has frequently been confused) it can be distinguished by its larger size (max SVL 62.3
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FEA3F8BDFE51F8FF" box="[332,403,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFAD7400FE74F8A3FDC1F8FF" box="[411,515,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.51" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="45.1">45.1 mm</quantity>
), tall, narrow postmentals (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FCDBF8BDFCB9F8FF" box="[820,891,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">versus</emphasis>
extremely short and wide; cf.
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFAD7400FB3DF8A3FAD4F8FF" box="[1234,1302,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,1127,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[281,1306,1127,1899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chin shield configuration in Gehyra treated here; A) G. kimberleyi WAMR 175035, B) G. pilbara WAMR 108632, C) G. girlooloo sp. nov. WAMR 175045 and D) G. nana WAMR 175063. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), and tan or greyish-brown dorsal colouration (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAD7400FDF3F899FDF8F89B" box="[540,570,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">vs.</emphasis>
reddish-brown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Gray, 1834
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<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFA97404FF78F9E6FF0BF988" box="[151,201,1610,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA97404FECAF9E5FE0BF988" box="[293,457,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Gehyra pacifica</emphasis>
Gray, 1834
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(=
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Lesson, 1830 synonymy fide
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), by monotypy.
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<document id="E98594A1C105B67EC7264512D1536C56" ID-CLB-Dataset="36378" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4107.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="991915f0-0fef-4e9e-8eff-382c661d20d5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="260932" ID-ZooBank="487B9053-86A9-444C-8AC1-EB01F2F518C8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461910332871" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliver, Paul M., Bourke, Gayleen, Pratt, Renae C., Doughty, Paul &amp; Moritz, Craig" docDate="2016" docId="0F08F417FFAC740AFF78FF3BFD3AFDB7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4107.1.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4107 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gehyra girloorloo Oliver, Bourke, Pratt, Doughty &amp; Moritz, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="F3318C6FFFAB7406FFEFFFACFFC2FFD7" masterDocTitle="Systematics of small Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the southern Kimberley, Western Australia: redescription of G. kimberleyi Börner &amp; Schüttler, 1983 and description of a new restricted range species" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698662045959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FE2D8EED2DBD248EB8B11ACB2C532CC9">Systematics of small Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the southern Kimberley, Western Australia: redescription of G. kimberleyi Börner &amp; Schüttler, 1983 and description of a new restricted range species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FF78FF3BFEB2FF66" box="[151,368,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FF78FF3BFEB2FF66" bold="true" box="[151,368,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="871E4501FFAC7401FF78FF16FEC2FF20" blockId="7.[151,469,151,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
Kimberley Karst gecko
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFAC7401FF78FF72FEC2FF20" box="[151,256,222,247]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1922,1944]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,821,843]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1037,1059]" captionTargetBox-0="[281,1305,1127,1899]" captionTargetBox-1="[332,1254,193,796]" captionTargetBox-2="[383,1204,200,1606]" captionTargetBox-3="[153,1436,275,1010]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[281,1306,1127,1899]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[332,1254,193,800]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[374,1210,193,1615]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[151,1436,265,1016]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Chin shield configuration in Gehyra treated here; A) G. kimberleyi WAMR 175035, B) G. pilbara WAMR 108632, C) G. girlooloo sp. nov. WAMR 175045 and D) G. nana WAMR 175063. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the Gehyra girloorloo sp. nov. holotype (WAM R 175045, CCM 3257). Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Small saxicoline Gehyra of the southern Kimberley, Western Australia. Top: G. girloorloo sp. nov. NMV D 77030 near Ngumpan Cliff; middle: G. girloorloo sp. nov. WAM R 175037 (PMO 147), Galeru Gorge; bottom: G. nana NMV D 77035 near Ngumpan Cliff (photographs—P. Horner and T. Parkin)." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Gehyra girloorloo sp. nov. paratypes showing variation in colour and pattern (in preservative). Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/260936/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/260937/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/260938/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/260939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Figs. 4–7</figureCitation>
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<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFAC7401FF78FE8AFEC4FEE8" box="[151,262,294,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FEF8FE8BFE9EFEE8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[279,348,295,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">WAM</collectionCode>
R175045 (field number
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FD67FE8AFD0AFEE8" box="[648,712,294,319]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kk87-ti93" name="Czech Collection of Microorganisms" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">CCM</collectionCode>
3257) (male), Gogo Station, Pillara Range, south entrance of Menyous Gap (
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;
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), collected on
<date id="F31F63C1FFAC7401FCCFFEE7FC32FEB4" box="[800,1008,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" value="2014-11-04">4 November 2014</date>
by P.M. Oliver, G. Armstrong and P. Skipwith.
</paragraph>
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.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FEB7FE3FFE5EFE7C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[344,412,403,427]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">WAM</collectionCode>
R113727 (female), Cadjbut Mine
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south-east Fitzroy Crossing (
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;
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);
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FED3FE1BFEBFFE19" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[316,381,439,462]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">NMV</collectionCode>
D77029 and
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D77030 (females), and
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D77031 and
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D77032 (males), Ngumpan Cliff area (
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;
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);
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FD0FFE77FCE7FE24" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[736,805,475,499]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">WAM</collectionCode>
R175037 (PMO147) and
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R175038 (PMO149) (males), &lt;
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south of Galeru Gorge (
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;
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);
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FC24FE53FBD2FDC0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[971,1040,511,535]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">WAM</collectionCode>
R175039 (
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FB79FE53FB14FDC0" box="[1174,1238,511,535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kk87-ti93" name="Czech Collection of Microorganisms" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">CCM</collectionCode>
3242) and
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R175040 (
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3243) (males), Gogo Station, Limestone Billy Hills (
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;
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);
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R175043 (
<collectionCode id="E1B0DDC4FFAC7401FF71FDEAFF1DFD88" box="[158,223,582,607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kk87-ti93" name="Czech Collection of Microorganisms" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">CCM</collectionCode>
3246) (female), Gogo Station, Limestone Billy Hills (
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;
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFAC7401FF28FDC6FCE8FC74" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAC7401FF28FDC6FCE8FC74" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FF28FDC6FE83FD54" bold="true" box="[199,321,618,643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Digits broadly expanded basally and subdigital scansors present on all digits of manus and pes. Digit I of manus and pes clawless, penultimate phalanx of digits II–V free from scansorial pad. Differs from non- Australian
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FEFDFD1FFEA5FD1C" box="[274,359,691,715]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FEFDFD1FFEA5FD1C" box="[274,359,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Gehyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of: absence of webbing between third and fourth toes, absence of a skin fold along the posterior hindlimb and small adult size (SVL &lt;
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). Differs from all other Australian
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by the combination of small body size (SVL &lt;
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), divided subdigital lamellae without basal wedge of granules, short snout and large eyes (OrbL/SnEye 0.58, 0.51–0.72), low number of pre-cloacal pores in males (8–11), postmentals not in contact (at most in point contact) with the second supralabial, one pair of outer chin shields and pinkishbrown dorsal background colour with pattern consisting of alternating bands of indistinct off-white spots and darkbrown transverse blotches on heavily stippled background.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFAC740FFF28FC02FCE1FA33" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAC7401FF28FC02FEEFFBE5" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FF28FC02FE2AFC10" bold="true" box="[199,488,942,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
Description of
<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFAC7401FE95FC02FE21FC10" box="[378,483,942,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male with following dimensions (in mm): SVL 41.3, HD 4.7, HL 10.2, HW 8.2, HindL 5.4, ArmL 5.0, TrunkL 18.4, NarEye 3.2, SnEye 4.5, InterN 1.5, InterO 3.2, OrbL 2.4, RosW 1.5, RosH 0.9. Summary meristic data are as follows: SupLab 8; InfLab 7; InterNSc 0; PreCloacal 9; FingSubDL 6; ToeSubDL 7.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFAC7401FF78F82EFBF9F861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[281,1305,1127,1899]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFAC7401FF78F82EFBF9F861" blockId="7.[151,1436,1922,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FF78F82EFED0F840" bold="true" box="[151,274,1922,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Chin shield configuration in
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FDD5F82EFD44F84F" box="[570,646,1922,1944]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FDD5F82EFD44F84F" box="[570,646,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Gehyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
treated here; A)
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FCDFF82EFC78F84F" box="[816,954,1922,1944]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FCDFF82EFC78F84F" box="[816,954,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">G. kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
WAMR175035, B)
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FB66F82EFB30F84F" box="[1161,1266,1922,1944]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FB66F82EFB30F84F" box="[1161,1266,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">G. pilbara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
WAMR108632, C)
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FF59F80DFEF1F861" box="[182,307,1952,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girlooloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FF59F80DFEF1F861" box="[182,307,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">G. girlooloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFAC7401FED5F80DFE48F861" box="[314,394,1953,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
WAMR175045 and D)
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFAC7401FD90F80DFD13F861" box="[639,721,1953,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFAC7401FD90F80DFD13F861" box="[639,721,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">G. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
WAMR175063. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFA3740EFF78FC99FF7FFCBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260937/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[332,1254,193,796]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA3740EFF78FC99FF7FFCBD" blockId="8.[151,1435,821,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA3740EFF78FC99FED1FC9C" bold="true" box="[151,275,821,843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral views of the
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA3740EFD8DFC99FCDFFC9C" box="[610,797,821,843]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA3740EFD8DFC99FCDFFC9C" box="[610,797,821,843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA3740EFCCBFC9AFCB7FC9C" box="[804,885,822,843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA3740EFCCBFC9AFCB7FC9C" bold="true" box="[804,885,822,843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (WAM R175045, CCM3257). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA3740EFF28FC3BFCD2FA70" blockId="8.[151,1436,918,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
A small (
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFEDAFC3BFE5CFC79" box="[309,414,919,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.13" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="41.3">41.3 mm</quantity>
SVL), slender gecko (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA3740EFD46FC3AFD33FC78" box="[681,753,918,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,193,796]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[332,1254,193,800]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the Gehyra girloorloo sp. nov. holotype (WAM R 175045, CCM 3257). Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260937/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Head slightly depressed (HD/HL 0.46), moderately wide (HW/HL 0.80), of similar width to midbody, widest at posterior edge of jaw, tapering to snout, narrows posteriorly to a moderately constricted neck. Snout short (SnEye/HL 0.44), less than twice eye length (OrbL/SnEye 0.54), rounded in dorsal profile, slightly convex from mid-eye to naris when viewed laterally in profile. Eyes moderately sized (OrbL/HL 0.24), pupil vertical. Ear openings small and circular. Nostrils rounded, contacted by rostral, supranasal, two postnasals and first supralabial; second (ventral) postnasal ~2 times larger than first (dorsal), supranasals in contact, no internarial scale. Rostral scale rectangular with nearly flat dorsal edge, wider than high,
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFF78FB3EFF2FFB7D" box="[151,237,1170,1195]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFED5FB3FFE53FB7D" box="[314,401,1171,1195]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
high (RosH/RosW 0.58), deeply furrowed, rostral crease extending from dorsal edge ~40% of rostral height. Supralabials 8, infralabials 7. Scales on snout large, up to 3 times larger than scales on crown of head and body, imbricate and slightly projecting along posterior edge; fold of skin across snout from eye to eye (artefact of preservation). A row of slightly enlarged scales above supralabials gradually decrease in size posteriorly. Mental scale triangular, divides postmentals ~35%; postmentals narrowly separated from second infralabial on right side, in point contact on left side; single pair of outer chin shields with curved dorso-postero edge, ~two-thirds the height of postmentals and ~30–40% smaller in area; outer chin shield in point contact with first infralabial on right side, narrowly in contact on left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA3740EFF28FA1EFAD1F9A8" blockId="8.[151,1436,918,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Body long (TrunkL/SVL 0.46) and slender, slightly depressed and with a weak ventro-lateral fold posterior to axilla. Dorsal midbody scales small and granular, relatively homogenous, conical, juxtaposed; lateral scales slightly larger, more projecting and heterogeneous than those on dorsal surface, slightly imbricate; ventral scales ~3 times larger than dorsal scales, flat, diamond-shaped with rounded edges, juxtaposed. Pre-cloacal pores in a series of 9, forming a short continuous chevron with apex orientated anteriorly; pores centred in scales, innermost scales the largest. Two enlarged, rounded and protruding cloacal spurs present on either side of cloaca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA3740EFF28F926FD57F880" blockId="8.[151,1436,918,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Limbs short (ArmL/SVL 0.12; HindL/SVL 0.13); dorsal and ventral scales generally small, rounded and juxtaposed; scales on anterior edge of limbs slightly larger and imbricate. Fingers and toes 5; expanded toe pads oval; distal row of dorsal scales on toe pads elongate and sharply pointed, forming a serrated ‘fringe’. Claws long and free, present on digits 2–5, arising from dorsal surface of expanded toe pads and extending above and beyond toe pad, subdigital lamellae divided, 6 pairs on fourth finger, 7 pairs on fourth toe, all pairs of lamellae in contact, apical lamellae undivided and wedge-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA3740EFF28F8CFFD99F830" blockId="8.[151,1436,918,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
Most of tail is original (52.0 mm, TailL/SVL 1.3), very thin, tapering gently to fine tip, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened at base, proximal
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFE21F82BFDDCF849" box="[462,542,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
section original, distal
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFCC5F82BFCB9F849" box="[810,891,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
section regrown. At widest part near base—
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFA95F82AFF01F815" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA3740EFEFDF807FEA8F815" box="[274,362,1963,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
deep. Dorsal caudal scales small, granular and relatively homogeneous, subcaudal scales in a single large transversely widened series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FF3BFE12FEB2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28FF3BFD7BFF67" bold="true" box="[199,697,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
Colouration of
<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFA2740FFE91FF3BFE27FF67" box="[382,485,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(in preservative).
</emphasis>
Background colour pale grey, lightly stippled with darker gray, a series of pale circular spots tending to form oblique transverse rows, enclosed by more extensive transverselyoriented darker grey markings or larger variegations; crown of head with small pale spots above tympanum region, snout and sides of head dark grey, no streaks emanating posteriorly from eye, labials heavily stippled; limbs as for dorsum with smaller pale spots; undersurfaces pale off-white; dorsal surface of tail encircled by pale (wider) and dark brown (thinner) bands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FEC3FE7EFE23" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28FEC3FEF9FE5F" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Variation.</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="CA2370BAFFA2740FFEA9FEC3FE58FE5F" box="[326,410,367,392]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,722,745]" captionTargetBox="[159,1302,908,1343]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mean [range], in mm) and meristic data (mode [range]) for the four small-bodied Gehyra species treated here." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3DE1589FFA87405FF78FD7EFEADFCDE" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="D3DE1589FFA87405FF78FD7EFEADFCDE">Table 1</tableCitation>
presents ranges of variation for the characters measured. In a small number of specimens, the postmental and second infralabial are in point contact, otherwise they are separated. The same pattern holds for internasals—in most specimens the supranasals are in broad contact above the rostral, in a small number a tiny internasal scale is present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FE53FC96FC8A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
Colouration in preservative is as follows: background dorsal colour pale tan or grey (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA2740FFB65FE53FB12FDCF" box="[1162,1232,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[383,1204,200,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[374,1210,193,1615]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Small saxicoline Gehyra of the southern Kimberley, Western Australia. Top: G. girloorloo sp. nov. NMV D 77030 near Ngumpan Cliff; middle: G. girloorloo sp. nov. WAM R 175037 (PMO 147), Galeru Gorge; bottom: G. nana NMV D 77035 near Ngumpan Cliff (photographs—P. Horner and T. Parkin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), densely stippled with fine blackish-brown variegations, moderate sized (
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA2740FFCEDFD88FC4BFDEB" box="[770,905,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">
0.5
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFCC9FD88FCF6FDEA" bold="true" box="[806,820,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">–</emphasis>
1.5 mm
</quantity>
wide) poorly defined pale circular to oval spots scattered on the dorsum, separated by concentrated patches of dark-brown markings that coalesce to form weakly defined transverse bands; density and distribution of dorsal pattern elements varies along body: usually little or no clear pattern on anterior portion of head, more clearly defined on nape with scattered small light spots and indistinct dark blotches, and consisting of alternating series of comparatively large and more well defined pale spots and indistinctly defined transverse brown bands on the torso and original tail. Limbs as for torso, with scattered distinct to indistinct small pale spots; undersurfaces largely unpigmented, but with dense fine dark brown maculations around the ventrolateral regions of head, limbs and ventral tail scales. Regrown tail light greyishbrown with diffuse longitudinally aligned narrow dark streaks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FCCBFDB8FB8F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28FCCBFE6DFC57" bold="true" box="[199,431,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
The following notes are based on photographs of specimens NMV D77030 and WAM R175037 shown in
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA2740FFE6FFC20FE04FC73" box="[384,454,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1037,1059]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,275,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,265,1016]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gehyra girloorloo sp. nov. paratypes showing variation in colour and pattern (in preservative). Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260939/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
and WAM R175042–3 (not shown). Dorsal surfaces pale purplish buff very finely stippled with medium brown, overlain on dorsum and tail with alternating transverse series of pale spots lacking borders and irregular dark-brown blotches that tend to be transversely aligned and intermittently bordered with yellow-orange. Head with smaller pale and dark spots with scattered yellow-orange flecks or fine spots. Regenerated tails often have a distinctive yellowish wash and very fine brown longitudinal markings. Iris dark golden brown with fine black reticulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FBC8FF2FFA4A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28FBC8FDCBFBAA" bold="true" box="[199,521,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Habitat and reproduction.</emphasis>
This species is closely associated with dissected limestone outcrops, and also occurs on small trees and shrubs (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA2740FFDFAFB2BFD9BFB77" box="[533,601,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1219,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1109,1962]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitat of Gehyra kimberleyi (small trees in foreground) and G. girloorloo sp. nov. (karstic limestone in background) at Gogo Station, Western Australia (photograph—P. M. Oliver)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). It tends to be less common on exposed vertical rock faces than its much larger sympatric congener
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE25FB00FDE6FB13" box="[458,548,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">G. ko i r a</emphasis>
Horner. The locally occuring form of
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFC06FB00FBBDFB13" box="[1001,1151,1196,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFC06FB00FBBDFB13" box="[1001,1151,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Gehyra nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to utilise different habitats—it is rarely found on limestone and generally on smaller boulders and rocky debris in surrounding areas.
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFF78FB58FEA4FADB" box="[151,358,1268,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF78FB58FEA4FADB" box="[151,358,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA2740FFE82FB58FE0AFADA" box="[365,456,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE82FB58FE0AFADA" bold="true" box="[365,456,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be abundant in its preferred habitat, for example, most large shrubs along an open rock face in Menyous Gap had at least one specimen, often positioned head down close to the ground in what appeared to be a hunting posture. In contrast, we found this species to be scarce in early
<date id="F31F63C1FFA2740FFB31FA90FA90FA83" box="[1246,1362,1340,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" value="2014-07">July 2014</date>
when temperatures were low (&lt;15°C), with only two specimens observed over two nights of searching around Mt Piere Station.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FA0BFCE1FA33" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
Like all
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFEC6FA04FEBCFA17" box="[297,382,1448,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFEC6FA04FEBCFA17" box="[297,382,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Gehyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE3DFA04FD6BFA68" box="[466,681,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">variegata-punctata</emphasis>
species-group, this species lays a single egg. Some females were gravid in November in spring at the end of the dry season.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFA2740FFF28FA43FD2AF9A2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28FA43FD2AF9A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28FA43FEA2F9DF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1519,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFE85FA5CFDF9F9DF" box="[362,571,1520,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE85FA5CFDF9F9DF" box="[362,571,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA2740FFDAAFA43FD63F9DF" box="[581,673,1519,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFDAAFA43FD59F9DF" bold="true" box="[581,667,1519,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only known from a small area of limestone outcropping in the King Leopold Range of the south-west Kimberley on Gogo and Mt Piere Stations (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA2740FFBDBF9B8FBB7F9FB" box="[1076,1141,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1344,1366]" captionTargetBox="[347,1238,527,1313]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[339,1248,519,1319]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Gehyra kimberleyi (circles) and G. girloorloo sp. nov. (diamonds) from the Kimberley and surrounding regions of Western Australia; lighter regions are higher in elevation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260933/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Known localities extend in a narrow band from the limestone Billy Hills in the north-west, to just north-west of Ngumpan Cliff in the southeast, a straight line distance of approximately
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA2740FFD75F9F0FD26F9A2" box="[666,740,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBB168AFFA2740AFF28F9D3FD3AFDB7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28F9D3FD6AF937" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28F9D3FE8CF94F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1663,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFEBAF9D3FE0CF94F" box="[341,462,1663,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">Girloorloo</taxonomicName>
, pronounced “gir-loor-loo”, is a word the local Gooniyandi mob use for the limestone this species appears to be restricted to. This species name was suggested by elders from the Gooniyandi mob who speak for country on which this species occurs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28F940FB8BF89B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF28F940FEAEF8D2" bold="true" box="[199,364,1772,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFE9CF940FD82F8D3" box="[371,576,1772,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE9CF940FD82F8D3" box="[371,576,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA2740FFDA8F940FD62F8D2" box="[583,672,1772,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFDA8F940FD62F8D2" bold="true" box="[583,672,1772,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all non-Australian
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFB71F940FB30F8D3" box="[1182,1266,1772,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFB71F940FB30F8D3" box="[1182,1266,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Gehyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of webbing between third and fourth toes (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFD95F8BDFD00F8FF" box="[634,706,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">versus</emphasis>
present), the absence of a skin fold along the posterior hindlimb (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFF4FF899FF2AF89B" box="[160,232,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">versus</emphasis>
present) and its generally smaller size (max SVL &lt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA2740FFCC0F898FCBCF89B" box="[815,894,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFC6BF899FC0EF89B" box="[900,972,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">versus</emphasis>
&gt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA2740FFC05F898FBFCF89B" box="[1002,1086,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA2740FFF28F8FBFD61F80A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
Within
<collectingCountry id="FFB60591FFA2740FFEF2F8FBFE45F8A7" box="[285,391,1879,1904]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFE7AF8F4FDE8F8A7" box="[405,554,1880,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE7AF8F4FDE8F8A7" box="[405,554,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA2740FFDDBF8FBFD53F8A7" box="[564,657,1879,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFDDBF8FBFD53F8A7" bold="true" box="[564,657,1879,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all members of the
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA2740FFB5BF8F4FAFAF8A7" box="[1204,1336,1880,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFB5BF8F4FAFAF8A7" box="[1204,1336,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">G. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
speciesgroup (which are largely restricted to northern
<collectingCountry id="FFB60591FFA2740FFD4AF8D0FCCFF842" box="[677,781,1916,1941]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
) by its smaller size (max SVL &lt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA2740FFB6EF8D0FB12F843" box="[1153,1232,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFB38F8D1FADCF843" box="[1239,1310,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">versus</emphasis>
&gt;
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA2740FFAD2F8D0FA52F843" box="[1341,1424,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
), divided subdigital lamellae (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFE34F80DFDE0F86F" box="[475,546,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">versus</emphasis>
at least some undivided), lower number of pores in the males (&lt;12
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA2740FFAD3F80DFA41F86F" box="[1340,1411,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">versus</emphasis>
&gt; 12) and females laying just one egg per clutch.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFA1740CFF78F9D1FCC6F907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260938/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[383,1204,200,1606]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA1740CFF78F9D1FCC6F907" blockId="10.[151,1436,1660,1744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFF78F9D1FED0F945" bold="true" box="[151,274,1661,1683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Small saxicoline
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFE27F9D0FDD6F945" box="[456,532,1660,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFE27F9D0FDD6F945" box="[456,532,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Gehyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the southern Kimberley, Western Australia. Top:
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFBC8F9D1FB69F945" box="[1063,1195,1660,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFBC8F9D1FB69F945" box="[1063,1195,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFB5EF9D1FAC0F945" bold="true" box="[1201,1282,1661,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA1740CFB5EF9D1FAC0F945" box="[1201,1282,1661,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
NMV D77030 near Ngumpan Cliff; middle:
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFE2BF930FD85F966" box="[452,583,1691,1713]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFE2BF930FD85F966" box="[452,583,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA1740CFDA1F930FD5DF966" box="[590,671,1692,1713]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFDA1F930FD5DF966" bold="true" box="[590,671,1692,1713]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
WAM R175037 (PMO147), Galeru Gorge; bottom:
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFB5BF930FAC0F966" box="[1204,1282,1692,1713]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFB5BF930FAC0F966" box="[1204,1282,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">G. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
NMV D77035 near Ngumpan Cliff (photographs—P. Horner and T. Parkin).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA1740DFF28F8BAFB49FF03" blockId="10.[151,1436,1813,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1435,151,213]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFF28F8BAFE54F8F9" box="[199,406,1814,1838]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFF28F8BAFE54F8F9" box="[199,406,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA1740CFE72F8B9FE3AF8F9" box="[413,504,1813,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFE72F8B9FE3AF8F9" bold="true" box="[413,504,1813,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from members of the
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFC0CF8BAFBACF8F9" box="[995,1134,1814,1838]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFC0CF8BAFBACF8F9" box="[995,1134,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">G. variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group from the Australian arid zone by its lower number of pre-cloacal pores in males (&lt;12 [mode 9]
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFBA7F897FB4DF885" box="[1096,1167,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">versus</emphasis>
usually more than 10 [
<bibRefCitation id="E33038F0FFA1740CFF72F8F1FE66F8A1" author="Hutchinson" box="[157,420,1885,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Hutchinson, M. N., Sistrom, M. J., Donnellan, S. C. &amp; Hutchinson, R. G. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the Australian arid zone lizards Gehyra variegata and G. montium (Squamata, Gekkonidae) with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3814 (2), 221 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3814.2.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hutchinson
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFEC7F8F3FE9BF8A1" box="[296,345,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
]), no conspicuous dark streaks emanating from behind the eyes, at most only light red hues (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFF4FF82FFF2AF84D" box="[160,232,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">versus</emphasis>
rich reddish-brown) and less contrasting dorsal pattern combining diffuse dark markings (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFB0CF82FFAE8F84D" box="[1251,1322,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">versus</emphasis>
extensive reticulations) and diffuse light spots (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFDABF80BFD4EF869" box="[580,652,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">versus</emphasis>
tending towards smaller and well defined). A further species in this group,
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFF0AF866FE9EF835" box="[229,348,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA1740CFF0AF866FE9AF835" box="[229,344,1994,2018]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbara">G. pilbara</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is similarly small, but differs in dorsal colouration (reddish-brown
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA1740CFBA6F867FBA5F835" box="[1097,1127,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">vs.</emphasis>
pinkish-grey), the presence of obviously enlarged loreal scales above the infralabials (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFCDCFF35FCB9FF67" box="[819,891,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">versus</emphasis>
absent) and in having an extremely short snout resulting in short, wide postmentals (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFDD9FF11FDBFFF03" box="[566,637,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">versus</emphasis>
tall and thin in
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA0740DFCC1FF10FC02FF03" box="[814,960,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFCC1FF10FC02FF03" box="[814,960,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA0740DFC28FF10FBE2FF02" box="[967,1056,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFC28FF10FBE2FF02" bold="true" box="[967,1056,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) (
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA0740DFBD7FF10FBBAFF03" box="[1080,1144,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,1127,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[281,1306,1127,1899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chin shield configuration in Gehyra treated here; A) G. kimberleyi WAMR 175035, B) G. pilbara WAMR 108632, C) G. girlooloo sp. nov. WAMR 175045 and D) G. nana WAMR 175063. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Fig 4</figureCitation>
.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFA0740DFF78FBA1FA50FBF4" box="[151,1426,1037,1059]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260939/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[153,1436,275,1010]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA0740DFF78FBA1FA50FBF4" blockId="11.[151,1426,1037,1059]" box="[151,1426,1037,1059]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFF78FBA1FED0FBF4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1037,1059]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA0740DFEF6FBA1FE11FBF4" box="[281,467,1037,1059]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFEF6FBA1FE11FBF4" box="[281,467,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA0740DFE36FBA2FDEBFBF4" box="[473,553,1038,1059]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFE36FBA2FDEBFBF4" bold="true" box="[473,553,1038,1059]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratypes showing variation in colour and pattern (in preservative). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DE1589FFA0740DFF78F86CFC5CF823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260940/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[151,1436,1219,1962]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA0740DFF78F86CFC5CF823" blockId="11.[151,1436,1984,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFF78F86CFEDAF802" bold="true" box="[151,280,1984,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA0740DFE73F86CFD9DF801" box="[412,607,1984,2006]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFE73F86CFD9DF801" box="[412,607,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Gehyra kimberleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(small trees in foreground) and
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA0740DFC26F86DFB90F801" box="[969,1106,1984,2006]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFC26F86DFB90F801" box="[969,1106,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA0740DFBB1F86CFB77F802" box="[1118,1205,1984,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA0740DFBB1F86CFB77F802" bold="true" box="[1118,1205,1984,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(karstic limestone in background) at Gogo Station, Western Australia (photograph—P.M. Oliver).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA7740AFF28FF34FDB1FEB3" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFF28FF34FE54FF67" box="[199,406,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFF28FF34FE54FF67" box="[199,406,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">Gehyra girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA7740AFE72FF3BFE3AFF67" box="[413,504,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFE72FF3BFE3AFF67" bold="true" box="[413,504,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from most other members of the
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFB8DFF34FB2FFF78" box="[1122,1261,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFB8DFF34FB2FFF78" box="[1122,1261,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group that also occur in the AMT as follows: from
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFDC1FF10FD68FF03" box="[558,682,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenopus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFDC1FF10FD68FF03" box="[558,682,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. xenopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFD0DFF10FCB9FF03" box="[738,891,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spheniscus">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFD0DFF10FCB9FF03" box="[738,891,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. spheniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a wedge of granules between proximal lamellae (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFE98FF4DFE7CFF2F" box="[375,446,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
present), and in the case of the former species, also much smaller size (max SVL 48
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFF78FEA9FF1DFECB" box="[151,223,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA7740AFF09FEA8FEFBFECB" box="[230,313,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="79.0">79 mm</quantity>
); from
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFE64FEA8FDF3FECB" box="[395,561,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFE64FEA8FDF3FECB" box="[395,561,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lower number of subdigital lamellae (5–7
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFBB7FEA9FB5DFECB" box="[1112,1183,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
7–10) and small body size (max SVL
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA7740AFEA4FE84FE5EFEE8" box="[331,412,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFE4BFE85FE2EFE97" box="[420,492,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA7740AFE1BFE8BFD8BFE97" box="[500,585,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
); and from
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFD20FE84FCB7FE97" box="[719,885,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiporosa">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFD20FE84FCB7FE97" box="[719,885,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. multiporosa</emphasis>
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by the absence of dark lateral head streaks, and fewer pores in males (8–11
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFE22FEE1FDD7FEB3" box="[461,533,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
20–49).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871E4501FFA7740AFF28FEDCFD3AFDB7" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
A final taxon from this region,
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFDCEFEDCFDB5FE5F" box="[545,631,368,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFDCEFEDCFDB5FE5F" box="[545,631,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a complex of species (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFC78FEDCFB9BFE5F" box="[919,1113,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">unpublished data</emphasis>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFB0CFEDCFAB6FE5F" box="[1251,1396,368,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFB0CFEDCFAB6FE5F" box="[1251,1396,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA7740AFA95FEC3FF0AFE7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFA95FEC3FF0AFE7A" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from both geographically proximate and
<typeStatus id="581AFBA3FFA7740AFC2DFE39FC30FE7A" box="[962,1010,405,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFBEFFE38FB9FFE7B" box="[1024,1117,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFBEFFE38FB9FFE7B" box="[1024,1117,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. nana</emphasis>
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by its pinkish-grey dorsal colouration (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFEC7FE15FEB2FE07" box="[296,368,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
reddish), background stippled (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFD35FE15FCE0FE07" box="[730,802,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
plain), larger and more diffuse pale spots (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFAE0FE15FA94FE07" box="[1295,1366,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
small and clearly defined), diffuse and transversely-oriented dark brown blotches on dorsum (
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFB72FE71FB26FE23" box="[1181,1252,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
clearly defined brown blotches or [usually] spots), and low number of pre-cloacal pores in males (8–11
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFB77FDADFB22FDCF" box="[1176,1248,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">versus</emphasis>
11–17).
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFAA7FDACFF0DFDEB" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFAA7FDACFF0DFDEB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">Gehyra nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from around localities from where
<taxonomicName id="40A13E82FFA7740AFD8DFD88FD36FDEB" box="[610,756,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girloorloo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFD8DFD88FD36FDEB" box="[610,756,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">G. girloorloo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE62468FFA7740AFD13FD88FC94FDEA" box="[764,854,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D59913FFA7740AFD13FD88FC94FDEA" bold="true" box="[764,854,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been recorded are also particularly small (SVL 39.0, 35.0–
<quantity id="4059E8E4FFA7740AFEFAFDEBFEB8FDB7" box="[277,378,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1899999999999995" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="41.9">41.9 mm</quantity>
) and strongly spotted (see
<figureCitation id="1F9A5984FFA7740AFD48FDEBFD28FDB7" box="[679,746,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,193,796]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[332,1254,193,800]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the Gehyra girloorloo sp. nov. holotype (WAM R 175045, CCM 3257). Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260937/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

121
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Rhizocarpon riparium
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<paragraph id="2323FEA3108D034FB76A84CB135EA787" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7113D7697FB00ABDF40539ECB422A49" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292">
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.
<emphasis id="734C1BD19D0078C763EE6EEA377357EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy: R.T. McMullin; occurrenceID:
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locationID: XX; decimalLatitude:
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habitat: Saxicolous;
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institutionID: CANL; collectionID: McMullin 19534
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372
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9209D949A1EFC77DAC06EDA9E1158EF9" type="email">ermilovacari@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D33884FD1ED3F3F50AE350E6DB18DBC4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ACF62B70CE729B34542D3CD6E699991E">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="62C25982017BDAA63952FA272EC3BFD0">Kontschán, Jenő</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C2C1226D6680AD80B0D9F5C65CB2902" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8274-4238</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4E587FB755A438CB599949AB4FC4B656">HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Researches, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary &amp; Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1462F80580E6AA49D4E501E57929A2D3" type="email">kontschan.jeno@atk.hu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="93DCF0BD6FA3813F6D79C4154338396F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="589B28663B8E2ADA14D3D59D6FF59E58">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2E070322EE55263177DB2F6B9D11001F">
<mods:date id="7A2629C5B2663F0C349750CAD429AFA5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="143661AED680CC52947D26D73FA3F512">2023-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9A142F6A48A6972406C8A53315171DA6">5360</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0A84AD54E4A614E29128E2C6B670E246">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="885B14A30F0D21BEB1E816DA9751E7C0">113</mods:start>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier id="90B2A1F9CD735379A1C24DB6B0CD068E" type="CLB-Dataset">276118</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="691071DA04F9EA65875DBA0097619A40" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5360.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F0987BF9E26FFD4FF4F527ABD3F3CE7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217220460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0987BF9E26FFD4FF4F527ABD3F3CE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0987BF9E26FFD4FF4F527ABD3F3CE7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD7FF4F527ABEEB3B8F" box="[151,751,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF4F527ABEEB3B8F" blockId="8.[151,751,870,933]" box="[151,751,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="DC5781C59E26FFD7FF4F527ABEEB3B8F" bold="true" box="[151,751,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF4F527ABEEB3B8F" bold="true" box="[151,751,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FF4F527ABE8E3B8F" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,650,870,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF4F527ABD1C3B8F" bold="true" box="[151,280,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Ramusella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FEF1527ABDCB3B8F" bold="true" box="[297,463,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Insculptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FE38527BBE8E3B8F" bold="true" box="[480,650,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E26FFD7FD49527BBEEB3B8F" box="[657,751,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD7FF4F5297BD2B3BAB" box="[151,303,906,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF4F5297BD2B3BAB" blockId="8.[151,751,870,933]" box="[151,303,906,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E26FFD7FF475297BD083BAB" box="[159,268,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Figures 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E26FFD7FEC05297BD233BAB" box="[280,295,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,191,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[151,1436,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), left, paraxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), right, ventroparaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (D–G), 10 μm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084967/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD7FF4F52CFBFEC3CCB" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF4F52CFBF2B3C57" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF4F52CFBD4C3BE2" bold="true" box="[151,328,978,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37C83CF49E26FFD7FE8B52CFBE203BE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434746305" box="[339,548,979,1005]" collectionCode="SMNH" country="Mexico" county="Municipio de Solidaridad" latitude="20.683332" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="-87.05" municipality="Playa del Carmen" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FE8B52CFBDBF3BE3" box="[339,443,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E26FFD7FE1552CFBE193BE3" box="[461,541,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="female">female</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37C83CF49E26FFD7FDF652CFBF2B3C57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434746306" collectionCode="TSUMZ" country="Mexico" county="Municipio de Solidaridad" latitude="20.683332" location="Playa del Carmen" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="-87.05" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Quintana Roo" typeStatus="paratype">
and seven
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FD7352CFBF123BE3" box="[683,790,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E26FFD7FCF152CFBFD53BE3" box="[809,977,979,1005]" count="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="female">seven females</specimenCount>
):
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E26FFD7FC3F52CFB83B3BE3" box="[999,1087,979,1005]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E294506E9E26FFD7FB9652CFB8AA3BE3" box="[1102,1198,979,1005]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" precision="925" value="20.683332">20°41’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E294506E9E26FFD7FB1852CFB9223BE3" box="[1216,1318,979,1005]" degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" precision="925" value="-87.05">87°03’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E26FFD7FAEE52CFBCCC3C1F" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="6E7E4E259E26FFD7FF0C52EBBDF13C1F" box="[212,501,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Municipio de Solidaridad</collectingCounty>
, vicinities of
<collectingMunicipality id="677BACD39E26FFD7FD5452EBBF523C1F" box="[652,854,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Playa del Carmen</collectingMunicipality>
, leaf litter in a large karst pit under trees and bushes in secondary semi-evergreen tropical forest (data and collector unknown; collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia;
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E26FFD7FD945523BF273C57" author="Gashev, S. N. &amp; Elifanov, A. V. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V." box="[588,803,1086,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="177 - 189" refId="ref6993" refString="Gashev, S. N., Elifanov, A. V. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V. (2005) Zoological Museum of the Tyumen State University as the oldest center for studying biodiversity in the Tyumen District. Bulletin of the Tyumen State University, 3, 177 - 189." type="journal article" year="2005">
Gashev
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FD7F5523BEDC3C57" box="[679,728,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F557FBFEC3CCB" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
The
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FF22557FBD583C73" box="[250,348,1123,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E26FFD7FAF4557FB99C3C73" box="[1324,1432,1123,1149]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Germany</collectingCountry>
; seven paratypes are in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology,
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E26FFD7FB6B559BB9153CAF" box="[1203,1297,1159,1185]" country="Russia" name="Tyumen'" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Tyumen</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E26FFD7FAC7559BB9693CAF" box="[1311,1389,1159,1185]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Russia</collectingCountry>
. All specimens are preserved in 70% solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD7FF1F55D2BE4E3D93" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F55D2BE4E3D93" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F55D2BD463CE6" bold="true" box="[199,322,1230,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length: 165–180. Rostrum rounded. Costulae and transcostula forming elongate trapezoid structure. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae setiform, slightly barbed (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FBD955EFB81D3D02" box="[1025,1049,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">ro</emphasis>
longest); bothridial seta pectinate (head absent), with 11–12 branches. Interbothridial region with three pairs of muscle sigillae and one pair of interbothridial tubercles. Notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FDBF5427BE773D5A" box="[615,627,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">c</emphasis>
represented by alveolus or completely absent; other setae short, setiform, slightly roughened;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FEA15443BD8B3D77" box="[377,399,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">la</emphasis>
inserted slightly posterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FCC85443BF283D77" box="[784,812,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">lm</emphasis>
. Epimeral and anogenital setae short, setiform, slightly roughened. Discidium pointed distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD4FF1F54BAB8513AFF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F54BABD5B3DEB" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F54BABD5D3DCE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1446,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FEBA54BBBE003DCE" box="[354,516,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Measurements</emphasis>
. Body length: 180 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FD3754BBBF533DCF" box="[751,855,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 165–180 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FC3854BBB8563DCF" box="[992,1106,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); body width: 90 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FAF054BBB9943DCF" box="[1320,1424,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 90–97 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E26FFD7FF3454D7BD573DEB" box="[236,339,1483,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F54F3B8623E23" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F54F3BD413E06" box="[199,325,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Integument</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E26FFD7FE8E54F3BDB53E07" box="[342,433,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Body color light brown. Body surface mostly smooth but lateral part of body between bothridium and acetabula I–III densely microtuberculate (diameter of tubercle up to 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F572BB8DB3F27" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F572BBD403E5F" box="[199,324,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Prodorsum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E26FFD7FE8A572BBDC93E5F" box="[338,461,1590,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Figs 5A, C</figureCitation>
). Rostrum rounded. Costulae and transcostula present, thin, forming elongate trapezoid structure; sometimes angles of these structure point. Rostral (17–19), lamellar (9–11), interlamellar (13–15), and exobothridial (9–11) setae setiform, slightly barbed;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FD3A5763BEF23E97" box="[738,758,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">le</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FCF45763BF413E96" box="[812,837,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">ex</emphasis>
thinner than
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FC005763BFF43E96" box="[984,1008,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">ro</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FBFD5763B83F3E96" box="[1061,1083,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">in</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FB925763B85A3E97" box="[1098,1118,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">le</emphasis>
inserted behind transcostula or on it; bothridial seta (45–49) pectinate (head absent), with 11–12 branches on one side and several barbs on opposite side. Interbothridial region with three pairs of muscle sigillae and one pair of short slight longitudinal carinae connected with simple interbothridial tubercle; postbothridial tubercle present but poorly observable; slight triangular tubercle developed posterolateral to bothridium. Lateral carina present, short, arch-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F562FBF643F9B" blockId="8.[151,1437,978,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FF1F562FBD473F42" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana &amp; Ward" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,323,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Notogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F562FBD473F42" box="[199,323,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Notogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E26FFD7FE8F562FBDD93F43" box="[343,477,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Figs 5A, C</figureCitation>
). Anterior border convex medially. Notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FB96562FB85E3F42" box="[1102,1114,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">c</emphasis>
represented by alveolus or completely absent; other setae short (9–11) setiform, slightly roughened;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FC1A564BBFDC3F7F" box="[962,984,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">la</emphasis>
inserted slightly posterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FA89564BB9693F7F" box="[1361,1389,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">lm</emphasis>
. All notogastral lyrifissures and opisthonotal gland opening distinct.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DF66219E27FFD6FF4F5666BEB53FB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" startId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" targetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E27FFD6FF4F5666BEB53FB9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1914,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E27FFD6FF4F5666BD123F9C" bold="true" box="[151,278,1914,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E27FFD6FEC75666BEC13F9C" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[287,709,1914,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E27FFD6FEC75666BD8E3F9C" box="[287,394,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Ramusella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E27FFD6FE445666BE233F9C" box="[412,551,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Insculptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E27FFD6FDE05667BEC13F9C" box="[568,709,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E27FFD6FD165666BF263F9C" bold="true" box="[718,802,1914,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E27FFD6FD165666BF263F9C" box="[718,802,1914,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DF66219E24FFD5FF4F5621B9223F93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084967/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" startId="10.[151,250,1853,1877]" targetBox="[164,1423,191,1816]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E24FFD5FF4F5621B9223F93" blockId="10.[151,1436,1853,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E24FFD5FF4F5621BD173F5B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1853,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E24FFD5FEC15621BEBD3F5B" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[281,697,1853,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E24FFD5FEC15621BD803F5B" box="[281,388,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">Ramusella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E24FFD5FE4A5621BE193F5B" box="[402,541,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">Insculptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E24FFD5FDF45622BEBD3F5B" box="[556,697,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E24FFD5FD675621BF143F5B" bold="true" box="[703,784,1853,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E24FFD5FD675621BF143F5B" box="[703,784,1853,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), left, paraxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), right, ventroparaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (D–G), 10 μm (A–C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F518BB934394F" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FF1F518BBD5238BF" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[199,342,151,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF1F518BBD5238BF" box="[199,342,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E25FFD4FEBC518BBDE438BF" box="[356,480,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,191,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[151,1436,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), left, paraxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), right, ventroparaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (D–G), 10 μm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084967/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figs 6A–C</figureCitation>
). Subcapitulum size: 41–45 × 34–37; subcapitular setae (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB95518BB85F38BE" box="[1101,1115,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">a</emphasis>
: 7–11;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB73518BB8BB38BE" box="[1195,1215,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">m</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB13518BB8DD38BF" box="[1227,1241,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">h</emphasis>
: 11–15) setiform,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF4F51A7BCA138DA" box="[151,165,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF0651A7BCE838DB" box="[222,236,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">h</emphasis>
slightly roughened,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE0E51A7BDEE38DA" box="[470,490,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">m</emphasis>
sparsely barbed unilaterally; both adoral setae (4–5) setiform, smooth. Palp length: 34–37; formula: 0–2–1–3–9(+ω); solenidion medium-sized, bacilliform, appressed to tarsus surface and located in its mediodistal part; postpalpal seta (2) spiniform, smooth. Chelicera length: 41–45; seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FBAB501FB89F3913" box="[1139,1179,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">cha</emphasis>
(11–13) setiform, with strong barbs unilaterally,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE6C503BBDD8394F" box="[436,476,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">chb</emphasis>
(7–9) setiform, barbed; antiaxial side of chelicera with two diagonal ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F5057BF0F39A3" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF1F5057BE82396A" box="[199,646,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E25FFD4FD4B5057BF0E396B" box="[659,778,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figs 5B, C</figureCitation>
). Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3; all setae (5–7) setiform, slightly roughened. Ventrosejugal tubercles absent but several slight tubercle-like thickenings observable. Epimeral border IV arch-like. Discidium present, pointed distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F50ABB81A39FB" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF1F50ABBD9039DE" box="[199,404,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Anogenital region</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E25FFD4FE7D50ABBE2139DF" box="[421,549,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B— ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084965/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figs 5B, C</figureCitation>
). Genital (5–7), aggenital (7–9), adanal (7–9), and anal (5–7) setae setiform, slightly roughened. Adanal lyrifissure located close and parallel to anal aperture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F50E3B8513AFF" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF1F50E3BCF83A16" box="[199,252,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E25FFD4FED450E3BD8B3A17" box="[268,399,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,191,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[151,1436,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), left, paraxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), right, ventroparaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (D–G), 10 μm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084967/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Figs 6D–G</figureCitation>
). Claw of each leg smooth. Trochanter III with posterior tooth. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III, IV not observable. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–2–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–5– 2–4–16) [1–1–2], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in
<tableCitation id="CA2203129E25FFD4FF6B5377BD033A8B" box="[179,263,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1628,1652]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov. and Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" tableUuid="D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Setae
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE8F5377BD6A3A8B" box="[343,366,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">p’</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE7C5377BDC63A8B" box="[420,450,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">p”</emphasis>
setiform on tarsus I versus very short, conical on tarsi II–IV; seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB7B5377B8AA3A8A" box="[1187,1198,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">s</emphasis>
eupathidial on tarsus I; famulus short, erect, slightly swollen distally, located medial to solenidion ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E25FFD4FBDF53BDB80B3AA1" attach="right" box="[1031,1039,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
. Solenidia ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E25FFD4FB7853BDB8AC3AA1" attach="left" box="[1184,1192,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
on tarsus I, ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E25FFD4FA9B53BDB94F3AA1" attach="left" box="[1347,1355,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
and ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E25FFD4FA4C53BDB9983AA1" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
on tarsus II, φ
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E25FFD4FEEE53D9BD3A3ADD" attach="left" box="[310,318,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
on tibia I, σ on genu III medium-sized, thickened, rounded distally; φ
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E25FFD4FB8253D9B8663ADD" attach="left" box="[1114,1122,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
on tibia I and φ on tibia IV very long, subflagellate; other solenidia medium-sized, rod-like or slightly thickened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E25FFD4FF1F53E7BE653CAF" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F53E7BE593BC7" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF1F53E7BD3F3B1B" bold="true" box="[199,315,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FE9953E7BF0F3B1A" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[321,779,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE9953E7BDB33B1B" box="[321,439,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ramusella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE1E53E7BE643B1B" box="[454,608,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Insculptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FDB753E7BF0F3B1A" box="[623,779,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FCC853E7BF6C3B1B" bold="true" box="[784,872,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E25FFD4FCC853E7BF6C3B1B" box="[784,872,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FB6B53E7BCDD3B37" authority="(Balogh, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Balogh" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror" subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB6B53E7B8C83B1A" box="[1203,1228,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">R.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB0253E7B8EF3B1A" box="[1242,1259,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">I.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB2253E7B9323B1A" box="[1274,1334,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">soror</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E25FFD4FA9B53E7BCD43B37" author="Balogh, J." pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref6183" refString="Balogh, J. (1958) Oribatides nouvelles de l'Afrique tropicale. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1958">Balogh, 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Afrotropical region and Caucasus (see
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E25FFD4FD205203BF8F3B37" author="Balogh, J." box="[760,907,798,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref6183" refString="Balogh, J. (1958) Oribatides nouvelles de l'Afrique tropicale. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1958">Balogh 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E25FFD4FC4E5203BFCB3B37" author="Balogh, J." box="[918,975,799,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="67 - 73" refId="ref6210" refString="Balogh, J. (1961) Descriptions complementaires d'Oribates (Acari) d'Angola et du Congo Belge (2 eme serie). Publicacles Culturais. Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 52, 67 - 73." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
) in the absence of developed head on the bothridial seta, but differs from the latter by the smaller body length (165–180 versus 300), the morphology of the rostrum (not protruding, broadly rounded versus protruding, narrowly rounded), the presence (versus absence) of transcostula and one pair of interbothridial tubercles, and the position of notogastral setae
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FB5B5297B89D3BAB" box="[1155,1177,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">la</emphasis>
(slightly posterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF6C52B3BCD43BC7" box="[180,208,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">lm</emphasis>
versus slightly anterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FDE852B3BE483BC7" box="[560,588,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">lm</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F52CFBE653CAF" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
From the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FE1E52CFBE383BE3" authorityName="Hammer" authorityYear="1962" box="[454,572,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FE1E52CFBE383BE3" box="[454,572,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Ramusella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-species,
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FD7E52CFBF8B3BE2" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[678,911,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FD7E52CFBEBA3BE2" box="[678,702,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">R.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FD0952CFBEE53BE2" box="[721,737,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">I.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FD2B52CFBF8B3BE2" box="[755,911,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FC4052CFBFF03BE3" bold="true" box="[920,1012,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E25FFD4FC4052CFBFF03BE3" box="[920,1012,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FA8852CFBDAE3C1F" authority="(Mahunka, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Mahunka" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippy" subGenus="R.">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FA8852CFB96D3BE2" box="[1360,1385,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">R.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FAA352CFB9973BE2" box="[1403,1427,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">R.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF4F52EBBCD13C1F" box="[151,213,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">hippy</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E25FFD4FF3252EBBDA63C1F" author="Mahunka, S." box="[234,418,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="269 - 298" refId="ref7252" refString="Mahunka, S. (1983) Neue und interessante Milben aus dem Genfer Museum XLV. Oribatida Americana 6: Mexico II (Acari). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 90, 269 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81976" type="journal article" year="1983">Mahunka, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E25FFD4FE2252EBBE543C1F" box="[506,592,1015,1041]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E25FFD4FD4E52EBBF423C1F" author="Mahunka, S." box="[662,838,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" pagination="269 - 298" refId="ref7252" refString="Mahunka, S. (1983) Neue und interessante Milben aus dem Genfer Museum XLV. Oribatida Americana 6: Mexico II (Acari). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 90, 269 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81976" type="journal article" year="1983">Mahunka 1983</bibRefCitation>
) in having elongate trapezoid costular-trancostular complex and the absence of developed head on the bothridial seta, but differs from the latter by the smaller body length (165–180 versus 204–213), the morphology of the rostrum (rounded versus incised medially), the presence of one pair of interbothridial tubercles (versus tubercles absent but three longitudinal ridges developed), and short (versus medium-sized) notogastral setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E25FFD4FF1F55B7BD3F3CE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E25FFD4FF1F55B7BD3F3CE7" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FF1F55B7BD4A3CCB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E25FFD4FDE955B7BEC93CCA" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[561,717,1195,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E25FFD4FDE955B7BEC93CCA" box="[561,717,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the place of origin, the Free and Sovereign State of
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E25FFD4FF4F55D3BD333CE7" box="[151,311,1231,1257]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

411
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<mods:affiliation id="AC425E382DE27E5B6E749DA829090B10">HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Researches, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary &amp; Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF4F535BBF203A6F" blockId="5.[151,804,582,645]" box="[151,804,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<heading id="DC5781C59E2BFFDAFF4F535BBF203A6F" bold="true" box="[151,804,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF4F535BBF203A6F" bold="true" box="[151,804,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFF4F535BBEC43A6F" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,704,582,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF4F535BBD553A6F" bold="true" box="[151,337,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFEBA535BBE183A6F" bold="true" box="[354,540,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFDF5535BBEC43A6F" bold="true" box="[557,704,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2BFFDAFD1F535BBF203A6F" box="[711,804,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2BFFDAFF4F5377BD2A3A8B" box="[151,302,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="description">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF4F5377BD2A3A8B" blockId="5.[151,804,582,645]" box="[151,302,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFF475377BD0F3A8B" box="[159,267,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[191,1396,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figures 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFEC05377BD233A8B" box="[280,295,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,194,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[164,1423,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, right, paraxial view. Scale bars 50 μm (D–G), 20 μm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084963/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2BFFDAFF4F53B3BFEC3BAF" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF4F53B3BFA83B3B" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF4F53B3BD413AC6" bold="true" box="[151,325,686,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37C83CF49E2BFFDAFE9453B3BE1F3AC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434746302" box="[332,539,687,713]" collectionCode="SNMH" country="Mexico" county="Municipio de Solidaridad" latitude="20.683332" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="-87.05" municipality="Playa del Carmen" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFE9453B3BDB03AC7" box="[332,436,687,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E2BFFDAFE1B53B3BE173AC7" box="[451,531,687,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="female">female</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37C83CF49E2BFFDAFDF953B3BFA83B3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434746303" collectionCode="TSUMZ" country="Mexico" county="Municipio de Solidaridad" latitude="20.683332" location="Playa del Carmen" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="-87.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Quintana Roo" typeStatus="paratype">
and seven
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFD4053B3BF073AC7" box="[664,771,687,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E2BFFDAFCCA53B3BF833AC7" box="[786,903,687,713]" count="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E2BFFDAFC6653B3B8483AC7" box="[958,1100,687,713]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
):
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E2BFFDAFB8653B3B8B23AC7" box="[1118,1206,687,713]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E294506E9E2BFFDAFB1A53B3B9273AC7" box="[1218,1315,687,713]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="20.683332">20°41’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E294506E9E2BFFDAFAE953B3B9933AC7" box="[1329,1431,687,713]" degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="-87.05">87°03’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E2BFFDAFF4F53CFBD333AE3" box="[151,311,723,749]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="6E7E4E259E2BFFDAFE9C53CFBE633AE3" box="[324,615,723,749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Municipio de Solidaridad</collectingCounty>
, vicinities of
<collectingMunicipality id="677BACD39E2BFFDAFCDA53CFBFCA3AE3" box="[770,974,723,749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Playa del Carmen</collectingMunicipality>
, leaf litter in a large karst pit under trees and bushes in secondary semi-evergreen tropical forest (data and collector unknown; collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia;
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2BFFDAFD115207BFA43B3B" author="Gashev, S. N. &amp; Elifanov, A. V. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V." box="[713,928,794,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="177 - 189" refId="ref6993" refString="Gashev, S. N., Elifanov, A. V. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V. (2005) Zoological Museum of the Tyumen State University as the oldest center for studying biodiversity in the Tyumen District. Bulletin of the Tyumen State University, 3, 177 - 189." type="journal article" year="2005">
Gashev
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFCFC5207BF513B3B" box="[804,853,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F5223BFEC3BAF" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
The
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFF225223BD583B57" box="[250,348,831,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E2BFFDAFAF45223B99C3B57" box="[1324,1432,831,857]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Germany</collectingCountry>
; seven paratypes are in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology,
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E2BFFDAFB6B527FB9153B73" box="[1203,1297,867,893]" country="Russia" name="Tyumen'" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Tyumen</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E2BFFDAFAC7527FB9693B73" box="[1311,1389,867,893]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Russia</collectingCountry>
. All specimens are preserved in 70% solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2BFFDAFF1F52B6B8B03C77" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F52B6B8B03C77" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F52B6BD463BCA" bold="true" box="[199,322,938,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length: 285–330. Rostrum protruding, triangularly narrowed. Costula and transcostula absent. Rostral and lamellar setae setiform, barbed (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD4052D3BEB43BE6" box="[664,688,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">ro</emphasis>
longer and thicker than
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFC1652D3BFE63BE7" box="[974,994,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">le</emphasis>
); bothridial seta clavate, barbed (head and stalk similar in length). Interbothridial region with three pairs of muscle sigillae. Notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFAC952EFB9193C02" box="[1297,1309,1011,1036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">c</emphasis>
very short, setiform, smooth; other setae short (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFDF2550BBE443C3F" box="[554,576,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">la</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD95550BBE6D3C3F" box="[589,617,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">lm</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFDAF550BBE893C3F" box="[631,653,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">lp</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD43550BBEAD3C3F" box="[667,681,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">h</emphasis>
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–
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD67550BBEC93C3F" box="[703,717,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">h</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFD155535BED13C39" attach="left" box="[717,725,1065,1079]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
long;
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<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFCF25535BF363C39" attach="left" box="[810,818,1065,1079]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
–
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFC98550BBF4A3C3E" box="[832,846,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">p</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFC965535BF523C39" attach="left" box="[846,854,1065,1079]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
medium-sized) setiform, with flagellate tip, barbed. Epimeral setae short or medium-sized, setiform, slightly barbed. Discidium present, pointed distally. Genital setae short; other anogenital setae medium-sized, slightly barbed. Leg tarsus II with one solenidion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2BFFD7FF1F559EBDBE39A3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="description">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F559EB8113CCF" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F559EBD5D3C92" bold="true" box="[199,345,1154,1180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFEB8559FBE063C92" box="[352,514,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Measurements</emphasis>
. Body length: 315 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFD3B559FBF4F3C93" box="[739,843,1155,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 285 (male
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFC0F559FB8433C93" box="[983,1095,1155,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), 315–330 (female
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFAF8559FB9953C93" box="[1312,1425,1155,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); body width: 195 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFE8655BBBDC23CCF" box="[350,454,1191,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 165 (male
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFD8855BBBEC43CCF" box="[592,704,1191,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), 195–203 (female
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2BFFDAFC4055BBB80D3CCF" box="[920,1033,1191,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F55D7B8623D07" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F55D7BD413CEA" box="[199,325,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Integument</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFE8E55D7BDB43CEB" box="[342,432,1227,1253]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[191,1396,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Body color light brown. Body surface mostly smooth but lateral part of body between bothridium and acetabula I–III densely microtuberculate (diameter of tubercle up to 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F540FBEF63DB3" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F540FBD403D23" box="[199,324,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Prodorsum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFE8C540FBDD03D23" box="[340,468,1299,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[191,1396,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
). Rostrum protruding, triangularly narrowed. Costula and transcostula absent. Rostral (37–41), lamellar (26–30) and exobothridial (15–17) setiform, barbed;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFC6D542BBFC93D5E" box="[949,973,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">ro</emphasis>
thickest,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFBE2542BB8573D5E" box="[1082,1107,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">ex</emphasis>
thinnest; bothridial seta (37– 41) clavate, barbed; head and stalk similar in length. Interbothridial region with three pairs of muscle sigillae; postbothridial tubercle present; triangular tubercle located posterolateral to bothridium. Small oval porose area located posterior to bothridium. Lateral carina absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F54DBB88E3E27" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFF1F54DBBD473DEE" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana &amp; Ward" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,323,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Notogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F54DBBD473DEE" box="[199,323,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Notogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFE8A54DBBDCA3DEF" box="[338,462,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[191,1396,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
). Anterior border convex medially. Notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFBC454DBB82C3DEE" box="[1052,1064,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">c</emphasis>
(7) setiform, smooth; other setae (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF7954F7BCB33E0B" box="[161,183,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">la</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F54F7BCE73E0B" box="[199,227,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">lm</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF2C54F7BD0E3E0B" box="[244,266,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">lp</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFEC254F7BD2C3E0B" box="[282,296,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">h</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFEF054E1BD343E05" attach="left" box="[296,304,1533,1547]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
–
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFEE654F7BD483E0B" box="[318,332,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">h</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFE9454E1BD503E05" attach="left" box="[332,340,1533,1547]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
: 67–71;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE6654F7BDC83E0A" box="[446,460,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">p</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFE1454E1BDD03E05" attach="left" box="[460,468,1533,1547]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
–
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE3A54F7BDF43E0A" box="[482,496,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">p</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2BFFDAFE2854E1BDFC3E05" attach="left" box="[496,504,1533,1547]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
: 37–41) setiform, with flagellate tip, barbed;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFBD254F7B8243E0B" box="[1034,1056,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">la</emphasis>
inserted posterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFA9554F7B96D3E0B" box="[1357,1385,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">lm</emphasis>
. All notogastral lyrifissures (except
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE2F5713BE093E26" box="[503,525,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">ip</emphasis>
not observable) and opisthonotal gland opening distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F572FBD4F3F0F" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFF1F572FBD523E43" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[199,342,1587,1613]" class="Secernentea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F572FBD523E43" box="[199,342,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFEB3572FBDE93E43" box="[363,493,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,194,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[164,1423,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, right, paraxial view. Scale bars 50 μm (D–G), 20 μm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084963/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figs 4A–C</figureCitation>
). Subcapitulum size: 67–71 × 52–56; subcapitular setae (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFB55572FB89F3E42" box="[1165,1179,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">a</emphasis>
: 13–15;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFADF572FB91F3E42" box="[1287,1307,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">m</emphasis>
: 18–20;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFA5E572FB9903E43" box="[1414,1428,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">h</emphasis>
: 20–22) setiform,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE8E574BBD603E7E" box="[342,356,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE40574BBDA23E7F" box="[408,422,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">h</emphasis>
slightly barbed,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD87574BBE773E7E" box="[607,627,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">m</emphasis>
sparsely barbed unilaterally; both adoral setae (5) setiform, smooth. Palp length: 43–45; formula: 0–2–1–3–8(+ω); solenidion short, swollen distally, appressed to tarsus surface and located in its mediodistal part connected with setae
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD595783BE933EB7" box="[641,663,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">ul</emphasis>
; postpalpal seta (4) spiniform, smooth. Chelicera length: 67–71; seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF4F57DFBCBB3ED3" box="[151,191,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">cha</emphasis>
(19) setiform, with strong barbs unilaterally,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD1257DFBEF63ED3" box="[714,754,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">chb</emphasis>
(13) setiform, barbed; antiaxial side of chelicera with three diagonal ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F5617BDAD3F63" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F5617BE953F2A" box="[199,657,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFD795617BF193F2B" box="[673,797,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[191,1396,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figs 3B, C</figureCitation>
). Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3; all setae (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFAFC5617B93B3F2B" box="[1316,1343,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3c</emphasis>
: 32–34;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF4F5633BCB03F47" box="[151,180,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1A5633BCD83F47" box="[194,220,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1c</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF335633BD023F47" box="[235,262,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">2a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFECD5633BD353F47" box="[277,305,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3a</emphasis>
: 9–11; 1b, 3b, 4a, 4b, 4c: 26–28) setiform, slightly barbed. Epimeral border IV arch-like. Discidium present, pointed distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F566BB9523FBB" blockId="5.[151,1437,686,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F566BBD943F9E" box="[199,400,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Anogenital region</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2BFFDAFE46566BBE123F9F" box="[414,534,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[191,1396,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figs 3B, C</figureCitation>
). Genital (7), aggenital (19–22), adanal (19–22), and anal (15–17) setae setiform, genital setae roughened, others slightly barbed. Adanal lyrifissure located close and parallel to anal aperture.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DF66219E28FFD9FF4F568BBEEC3FDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084961/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" startId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[204,1383,194,1906]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E28FFD9FF4F568BBEEC3FDA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E28FFD9FF4F568BBD123FA1" bold="true" box="[151,278,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E28FFD9FEC75684BEFC3FA1" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[287,760,1944,1968]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E28FFD9FEC75684BDB93FA1" box="[287,445,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E28FFD9FE165684BE683FA1" box="[462,620,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E28FFD9FDA65684BEFC3FA1" box="[638,760,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E28FFD9FCD95684BF513FBE" bold="true" box="[769,853,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E28FFD9FCD95684BF513FBE" box="[769,853,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DF66219E29FFD8FF4F567ABCDB3FE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084963/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" startId="7.[151,250,1894,1918]" targetBox="[177,1419,194,1858]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E29FFD8FF4F567ABCDB3FE5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1894,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E29FFD8FF4F567ABD123F71" bold="true" box="[151,278,1894,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E29FFD8FEF8567BBEFE3F70" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[288,762,1895,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E29FFD8FEF8567BBDBA3F70" box="[288,446,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E29FFD8FE08567BBE6A3F70" box="[464,622,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E29FFD8FD58567BBEFE3F70" box="[640,762,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E29FFD8FCDC567BBF5C3F71" bold="true" box="[772,856,1895,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E29FFD8FCDC567BBF5C3F71" box="[772,856,1895,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, right, paraxial view. Scale bars 50 μm (D–G), 20 μm (A–C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F518BBDBE39A3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F518BBCF838BE" box="[199,252,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E26FFD7FED1518BBD8D38BF" box="[265,393,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,194,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[164,1423,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, right, paraxial view. Scale bars 50 μm (D–G), 20 μm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084963/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Figs 4D–G</figureCitation>
). Claw of each leg smooth. Trochanter III with posterior tooth. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III, IV present, large, covering antiaxial and paraxial sides. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–2–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–5–2–4–16) [1–1–1], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in
<tableCitation id="CA2203129E26FFD7FDC2501FBE6A3913" box="[538,622,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1628,1652]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov. and Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" tableUuid="D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Light tubercle located between famulus and solenidion ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E26FFD7FB235009B907392D" attach="left" box="[1275,1283,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
. Setae
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FA8D501FB9683913" box="[1365,1388,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">p’</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF4F503BBCB1394F" box="[151,181,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">p”</emphasis>
setiform on tarsus I versus very short, conical on tarsi II–IV; seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FC45503BBFAC394E" box="[925,936,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">s</emphasis>
eupathidial on tarsus I; famulus short, erect, slightly swollen distally, located posterior to solenidion ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E26FFD7FCC05041BF243965" attach="left" box="[792,800,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
. Solenidia ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E26FFD7FC695041BFBD3965" attach="left" box="[945,953,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
on tarsus I, ω on tarsus II and σ on genu III medium-sized, thickened, rounded distally; φ
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E26FFD7FD4F509DBE9B3981" attach="left" box="[663,671,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
on tibia I very long, subflagellate; other solenidia medium-sized or long, rod-like or setiform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD7FF1F50ABBCFD3AFF" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F50ABBCFD3AFF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F50ABBD3F39DF" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FE9A50ABBF4339DE" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[322,839,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FE9A50ABBDF439DE" box="[322,496,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FDD950ABBEAB39DE" box="[513,687,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FD1850ABBF4339DE" box="[704,839,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FC9650ABBFAC39DF" bold="true" box="[846,936,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E26FFD7FC9650ABBFAC39DF" box="[846,936,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FB2450ABBD5939FB" authority="(Mahunka, 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Mahunka" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni" subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FB2450ABB91239DE" box="[1276,1302,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FAFE50ABB94439DE" box="[1318,1344,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FA8850ABB99839DF" box="[1360,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">aelleni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E26FFD7FF4750C7BD5139FB" author="Mahunka, S." box="[159,341,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="379 - 394" refId="ref7200" refString="Mahunka, S. (1982) Neue und interessante Milben aus dem Genfer Museum XLVI. Oribatiden der Pazifischen region (Acari: Oribatida). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 89, 379 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 82450" type="journal article" year="1982">Mahunka, 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E26FFD7FE7150C7BDD439FB" box="[425,464,475,501]" name="Fiji" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Fiji</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E26FFD7FDCA50C7BEBB39FB" author="Mahunka, S." box="[530,703,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="379 - 394" refId="ref7200" refString="Mahunka, S. (1982) Neue und interessante Milben aus dem Genfer Museum XLVI. Oribatiden der Pazifischen region (Acari: Oribatida). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 89, 379 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 82450" type="journal article" year="1982">Mahunka 1982</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FCDD50C7B8F739FB" authority="Ohkubo &amp; Aoki, 1995" authorityName="Ohkubo &amp; Aoki" authorityYear="1995" box="[773,1267,474,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flagelliapex" subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FCDD50C7BF1B39FA" box="[773,799,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FCEA50C7BF4939FA" box="[818,845,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FCB850C7BFE039FB" box="[864,996,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">flagelliapex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E26FFD7FC3650C7B8F739FB" author="Ohkubo, N. &amp; Aoki, J." box="[1006,1267,474,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref7520" refString="Ohkubo, N. &amp; Aoki, J. (1995) Oribatid mites of the Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia II. Family Oppiidae from Agrihan and Asuncion Islands. Natural History Research, 3, 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1995">Ohkubo &amp; Aoki, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E26FFD7FAE750C7BCE23A17" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E26FFD7FEFE50E3BE263A17" author="Ohkubo, N. &amp; Aoki, J." box="[294,546,510,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref7520" refString="Ohkubo, N. &amp; Aoki, J. (1995) Oribatid mites of the Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia II. Family Oppiidae from Agrihan and Asuncion Islands. Natural History Research, 3, 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1995">Ohkubo &amp; Aoki 1995</bibRefCitation>
) in having long notogastral setae with flagellate tip, but differs from both by the morphology of the rostrum (protruding, triangularly narrowed versus not protruding, rounded), medium-sized bothridial seta, with similar length of head and stalk (versus bothridial seta long, head distinctly shorter than stalk), and the absence (versus presence) of prodorsal costulae. Also,
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FCB45377B8153A8B" baseAuthorityName="Mahunka" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[876,1041,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni" subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FCB45377BF823A8A" box="[876,902,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FC415377BFB73A8A" box="[921,947,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FC1D5377B8153A8B" box="[965,1041,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">aelleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has short (versus long in the new species) notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FE745393BDBE3AA7" box="[428,442,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">h</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E26FFD7FE6253BDBDC63AA1" attach="left" box="[442,450,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
;
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FE095393BEA33AA7" authorityName="Ohkubo &amp; Aoki" authorityYear="1995" box="[465,679,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flagelliapex" subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FE095393BDEF3AA6" box="[465,491,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FE225393BE103AA6" box="[506,532,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">N.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FDFB5393BEA33AA7" box="[547,679,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">flagelliapex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger (body length: 414–438 versus
<quantity id="40589B4C9E26FFD7FBB85392B8DA3AA7" box="[1120,1246,654,681]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.810499999999999" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="7.239" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" unit="in" value="307.5" valueMax="330.0" valueMin="285.0">285–330 in</quantity>
the new species) and has rostral setae located comparatively very close to each other (versus distant from each other in the new species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E26FFD7FF1F53E7B8633B1B" box="[199,1127,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E26FFD7FF1F53E7B8633B1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1127,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FF1F53E7BD4A3B1B" bold="true" box="[199,334,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E26FFD7FDFB53E7BEAE3B1A" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[547,682,763,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E26FFD7FDFB53E7BEAE3B1A" box="[547,682,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the country of origin,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E26FFD7FBD253E7B8673B1B" box="[1034,1123,763,789]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="121">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

603
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<paragraph id="871F36A99E2FFFDEFF4F57BFBEC43EB3" blockId="1.[151,704,1698,1761]" box="[151,704,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<heading id="DC5781C59E2FFFDEFF4F57BFBEC43EB3" bold="true" box="[151,704,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2FFFDEFF4F57BFBEC43EB3" bold="true" box="[151,704,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2FFFDEFF4F57BFBE5F3EB3" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,603,1698,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2FFFDEFF4F57BFBD243EB3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Graptoppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2FFFDEFEE957BFBDE03EB3" bold="true" box="[305,484,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Apograptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2FFFDEFE2E57BFBE5F3EB3" bold="true" box="[502,603,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2FFFDEFDBA57BFBEC43EB3" box="[610,704,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2FFFDEFF4F57DBBD2B3EEF" box="[151,303,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2FFFDEFF4F57DBBD2B3EEF" blockId="1.[151,704,1698,1761]" box="[151,303,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2FFFDEFF4757DBBD0E3EEF" box="[159,266,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[182,1405,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2FFFDEFEC057DBBD233EEF" box="[280,295,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (A, C–G), 10 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084959/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2FFFDBFF4F5613BFEC38F7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2FFFDEFF4F5613BFA83F9B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1806,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2FFFDEFF4F5613BD433F26" bold="true" box="[151,327,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37C83CF49E2FFFDEFE975613BE243F27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434746301" box="[335,544,1807,1833]" collectionCode="SMNH" country="Mexico" county="Municipio de Solidaridad" latitude="20.683332" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="-87.05" municipality="Playa del Carmen" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2FFFDEFE975613BDB33F27" box="[335,439,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(female)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37C83CF49E2FFFDEFDF05613BEFD3F7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434746304" collectionCode="TSUMZ" country="Mexico" county="Municipio de Solidaridad" latitude="20.683332" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="-87.05" municipality="Playa del Carmen" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E2FFFDEFD815613BF093F27" box="[601,781,1807,1833]" count="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">seven paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E2FFFDEFCC65613BF8D3F27" box="[798,905,1807,1833]" count="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="male">six males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="91A6FD209E2FFFDEFC1C5613B8433F27" box="[964,1095,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
):
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E2FFFDEFB835613B8B73F27" box="[1115,1203,1807,1833]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E294506E9E2FFFDEFB185613B9253F27" box="[1216,1313,1807,1833]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" precision="925" value="20.683332">20°41’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E294506E9E2FFFDEFAE95613B9933F27" box="[1329,1431,1807,1833]" degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" precision="925" value="-87.05">87°03’W</geoCoordinate>
, Quintana Roo,
<collectingCounty id="6E7E4E259E2FFFDEFE9C562FBE633F43" box="[324,615,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Municipio de Solidaridad</collectingCounty>
, vicinities of
<collectingMunicipality id="677BACD39E2FFFDEFCDA562FBFCA3F43" box="[770,974,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Playa del Carmen</collectingMunicipality>
, leaf litter in a large karst pit under trees and bushes in secondary semi-evergreen tropical forest
</materialsCitation>
(data and collector unknown; collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia;
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2FFFDEFD115667BFA43F9B" author="Gashev, S. N. &amp; Elifanov, A. V. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V." box="[713,928,1914,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="177 - 189" refId="ref6993" refString="Gashev, S. N., Elifanov, A. V. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V. (2005) Zoological Museum of the Tyumen State University as the oldest center for studying biodiversity in the Tyumen District. Bulletin of the Tyumen State University, 3, 177 - 189." type="journal article" year="2005">
Gashev
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2FFFDEFCFC5667BF513F9B" box="[804,853,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DF66219E2CFFDDFF4F568BBE603FDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" startId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2CFFDDFF4F568BBE603FDA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2CFFDDFF4F568BBD173FA1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2CFFDDFEC15684BE9F3FA1" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[281,667,1944,1968]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2CFFDDFEC15684BD8B3FA1" box="[281,399,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Graptoppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2CFFDDFE465684BE333FA1" box="[414,567,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Apograptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2CFFDDFD9E5684BE9F3FA1" box="[582,667,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2CFFDDFD7A5684BEF63FBE" bold="true" box="[674,754,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2CFFDDFD7A5684BEF63FBE" box="[674,754,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DF66219E2DFFDCFF4F5636B98E3F84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084959/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" startId="3.[151,250,1834,1858]" targetBox="[164,1423,194,1797]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2DFFDCFF4F5636B98E3F84" blockId="3.[151,1436,1834,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2DFFDCFF4F5636BD113F4C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2DFFDCFEC65636BEA03F4C" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[286,676,1834,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2DFFDCFEC65636BD903F4F" box="[286,404,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Graptoppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2DFFDCFE7D5636BE3A3F4F" box="[421,574,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Apograptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2DFFDCFD975637BEA03F4C" box="[591,676,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2DFFDCFD755636BEFB3F4C" bold="true" box="[685,767,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2DFFDCFD755636BEFB3F4C" box="[685,767,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (A, C–G), 10 μm (B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F518BBFEC38F7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
The
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFF22518BBD5838BF" box="[250,348,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E2AFFDBFAF4518BB99C38BF" box="[1324,1432,151,177]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Germany</collectingCountry>
; seven paratypes are in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology,
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E2AFFDBFB6B51A7B91538DB" box="[1203,1297,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Tyumen'" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Tyumen</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB776399E2AFFDBFAC751A7B96938DB" box="[1311,1389,187,213]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Russia</collectingCountry>
. All specimens are preserved in 70% solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2AFFDBFF1F501EBE6B39FB" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F501EBE6B39FB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F501EBD463912" bold="true" box="[199,322,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length: 195–210. Rostrum rounded. Rostrum rounded. Costula present, short; transcostula absent. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar (11–15) setae setiform, slightly barbed (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBBE503BB87A394E" box="[1126,1150,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ro</emphasis>
longest); bothridial seta with well developed head rounded distally and having about 11–12 ciliae unilaterally. Interbothridial region with two pairs of muscle sigillae and one pair of elongate triangular interbothridial tubercles. Notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFA8D5073B9653986" box="[1365,1377,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">c</emphasis>
very short, setiform, smooth; other setae short, setiform, roughened;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCB6508FBF8039A3" box="[878,900,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">la</emphasis>
inserted slightly posterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFAD2508FB92239A3" box="[1290,1318,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">lm</emphasis>
. Epimeral and anogenital setae short, setiform, roughened. Adanal lyrifissure in direct apoanal position. Discidium rounded distally. Leg tarsus II with one solenidion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2AFFDBFF1F50E2B8D33E23" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F50E2BFF83A33" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F50E2BD5D3A16" bold="true" box="[199,345,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEB950E3BE073A16" box="[353,515,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Measurements</emphasis>
. Body length: 210 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFD3050E3BF543A17" box="[744,848,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 195–210 (male
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFBCF50E3B8833A17" box="[1047,1159,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), 210 (female
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFAF350E3B9953A17" box="[1323,1425,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); body width: 105 (
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFE86533FBDC23A33" box="[350,454,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 90–105 (male
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFDA2533FBEEE3A33" box="[634,746,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), 105 (female
<typeStatus id="581B880B9E2AFFDBFC52533FBFF43A33" box="[906,1008,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F535BBECD3AA7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F535BBD413A6E" box="[199,325,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Integument</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFE8F535BBDB73A6F" box="[343,435,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[182,1405,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Body color light brown. Body surface mostly smooth but region between bothridium and costula microgranulate (diameter of granule up to 1), and antiaxial side of femora I–IV and trochanters III, IV partially with rounded or elongate microtubercles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F53AFBE973B8F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F53AFBD403AC3" box="[199,324,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Prodorsum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFE8A53AFBDC83AC3" box="[338,460,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[182,1405,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 1A, C</figureCitation>
). Rostrum rounded. Costula comparatively short, thin; transcostula absent. Rostral (15– 19), lamellar (11–15) and interlamellar (11–15) setae setiform, slightly barbed; exobothridial seta (7–9) setiform, slightly roughened;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEAC53E7BD883B1A" box="[372,396,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ro</emphasis>
slightly thicker than others; bothridial seta (32–34) with well developed head rounded distally and having about 11–12 ciliae unilaterally. Interbothridial region with two pairs of muscle sigillae and one pair of elongate triangular interbothridial tubercles; postbothridial tubercle present and a slight simple tubercle opposite postbothridial tubercle. Lateral carina absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F5297BE2D3BE3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFF1F5297BD473BAA" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana &amp; Ward" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,323,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Notogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F5297BD473BAA" box="[199,323,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Notogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFE8B5297BDD03BAB" box="[339,468,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[182,1405,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 1A, C</figureCitation>
). Anterior border narrowed medially. Notogastral seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBE45297B84C3BAA" box="[1084,1096,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">c</emphasis>
(4–6) setiform, smooth; other setae short (11–15) setiform, roughened;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFDA852B3BE823BC7" box="[624,646,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">la</emphasis>
inserted slightly posterolateral to
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBC852B3B8283BC7" box="[1040,1068,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">lm</emphasis>
. All notogastral lyrifissures and opisthonotal gland opening distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F52EBBF903CAF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFF1F52EBBD523C1F" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[199,342,1015,1041]" class="Secernentea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F52EBBD523C1F" box="[199,342,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFEB152EBBDE23C1F" box="[361,486,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (A, C–G), 10 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084959/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
). Subcapitulum size: 49–52 × 34–37; subcapitular setae (11–13) setiform,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFA9D52EBB9573C1E" box="[1349,1363,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFA5652EBB9983C1F" box="[1422,1436,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">h</emphasis>
slightly roughened,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEA75507BD973C3A" box="[383,403,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">m</emphasis>
sparsely barbed unilaterally; both adoral setae (4–5) setiform, smooth. Palp length: 34– 37; formula: 0–2–1–3–8(+ω); solenidion medium-sized, bacilliform, appressed to tarsus surface and located in its mediodistal part; postpalpal seta (2) spiniform, smooth. Chelicera length: 49–52; setae (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB48557FB8BC3C73" box="[1168,1208,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">cha</emphasis>
: 13–15;
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFAFA557FB94E3C73" box="[1314,1354,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">chb</emphasis>
: 9–11) setiform, barbed; antiaxial side of chelicera with one diagonal ridge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F55B7B8F93CE7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F55B7BE953CCA" box="[199,657,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFD7955B7BF193CCB" box="[673,797,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[182,1405,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 1B, C</figureCitation>
). Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3; all setae (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFAFC55B7B93B3CCB" box="[1316,1343,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">3c</emphasis>
: 13–15; others: 7–9) setiform, roughened. Epimeral border IV arch-like. Discidium present, rounded distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F55EFB8173D3F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F55EFBD953D02" box="[199,401,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Anogenital region</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFE4755EFBE183D03" box="[415,540,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,192,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[182,1405,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult (gnathosoma and legs omitted): A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 1B, C</figureCitation>
). Genital (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD4A55EFBEA43D02" box="[658,672,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">g</emphasis>
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2AFFDBFD785419BEAC3D1D" attach="left" box="[672,680,1285,1299]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
: 7–9; others: 5–6), aggenital (9–11), adanal (9–11), and anal (9–11) setae setiform, slightly roughened. Adanal lyrifissure in direct apoanal position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF1F5427B8D33E23" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF1F5427BCF83D5A" box="[199,252,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9B2A2C9E2AFFDBFED45427BD8B3D5B" box="[268,399,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., adult: A—subcapitulum, ventral view; B—palp, right, antiaxial view; C—chelicera, left, paraxial view; D—leg I, right, antiaxial view; E—leg II (tarsus omitted), right, ventroantiaxial view; F—leg III (tarsus omitted), left, ventroantiaxial view; G—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 μm (A, C–G), 10 μm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084959/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 2D–G</figureCitation>
). Claw of each leg smooth. Trochanter III with posterior tooth. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III, IV present, dorsoparaxial, but poorly observable. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–2–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–5–2–4–16) [1–1–1], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in
<tableCitation id="CA2203129E2AFFDBFDC754BBBE703DCF" box="[543,628,1447,1473]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1628,1652]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) rooensis sp. nov., Neoamerioppia (Neoamerioppia) mexicoensis sp. nov. and Ramusella (Insculptoppia) quintanaensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Setae
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD1F54BBBEDA3DCF" box="[711,734,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p’</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCCE54BBBF303DCF" box="[790,820,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p”</emphasis>
setiform on tarsus I versus very short, conical on tarsi II–IV; seta
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEC054D7BD273DEA" box="[280,291,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">s</emphasis>
eupathidial on tarsus I; famulus short, erect, slightly swollen distally, located posterior to solenidion ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2AFFDBFF72571DBCB63E01" attach="right" box="[170,178,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
. Solenidia ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2AFFDBFE9D571DBD493E01" attach="left" box="[325,333,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
on tarsus I, ω on tarsus II, φ on tibia II, III, and σ on genu III medium-sized, thickened, rounded distally; φ
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2AFFDBFED15739BD153E3D" attach="left" box="[265,273,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
on tibia I very long, subflagellate; other solenidia medium-sized, rod-like or setiform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" ID-Table-UUID="D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3DF66219E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" start="TABLE 1" startId="4.[151,239,1628,1652]" targetBox="[159,1426,1706,1885]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF4F5740B87D3E97" blockId="4.[151,1436,1628,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF4F5740BD083E7A" bold="true" box="[151,268,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Leg setation and solenidia of adult
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFD145741B8773E7A" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[716,1139,1629,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD145741BF4C3E7A" box="[716,840,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Graptoppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCB95741B8063E7A" box="[865,1026,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Apograptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBC25741B8773E7A" box="[1050,1139,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB5B5741B8E53E7B" bold="true" box="[1155,1249,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2AFFDBFB5B5741B8E53E7B" box="[1155,1249,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFB2E5741BDD33E96" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB2E5741B9983E7A" box="[1270,1436,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFF78579DBD423E96" box="[160,326,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Neoamerioppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE8E579DBDD33E96" box="[342,471,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE05579DBE373E97" bold="true" box="[477,563,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2AFFDBFE05579DBE373E97" box="[477,563,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFDBE579CB8183E96" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[614,1052,1664,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFDBE579CBED33E96" box="[614,727,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Ramusella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD3E579CBF7D3E96" box="[742,889,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Insculptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC50579DB8183E96" box="[904,1052,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2AFFDBFBFB579DB87D3E97" box="[1059,1145,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF4757B6B8993F52" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<table id="F5A0C4099E2A0020FF4757B6B9963F53" box="[159,1426,1706,1885]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<tr id="399034EB9E2A0020FF4757B6B9963EB1" box="[159,1426,1706,1727]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FF4757B6BCC03EB1" box="[159,196,1706,1727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Leg</th>
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FEC657B6BD483EB1" box="[286,332,1706,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEC657B6BD373EB1" box="[286,307,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Tr</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FE6C57B6BE333EB1" box="[436,567,1706,1727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE6C57B6BDC93EB1" box="[436,461,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fe</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FD8157B6BE8D3EB1" box="[601,649,1706,1727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD8157B6BE713EB1" box="[601,629,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Ge</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FD2857B6BF6B3EB1" box="[752,879,1706,1727]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD2857B6BF073EB1" box="[752,771,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Ti</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FC4D57B6B9963EB1" box="[917,1426,1706,1727]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC4D57B6BFA83EB1" box="[917,940,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Ta</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399034EB9E2A0020FF4757CDB9963EE2" box="[159,1426,1745,1772]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FF4757CDBCC03EE2" box="[159,196,1745,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">I</th>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FEC657CDBD483EE2" box="[286,332,1745,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEC657CDBD353EE8" box="[286,305,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FE6C57CDBE333EE2" box="[436,567,1745,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE6C57CDBDC43EE8" box="[436,448,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">d</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE1457CDBDE73EE8" box="[460,483,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(l)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE3657CDBE333EE8" box="[494,567,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">bv”, v”</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD8157CDBE8D3EE2" box="[601,649,1745,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD8157CDBE743EE8" box="[601,624,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(l)</emphasis>
, σ
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD2857CDBF6B3EE2" box="[752,879,1745,1772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD2857CDBF023EE8" box="[752,774,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(l)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCCA57CDBF293EE8" box="[786,813,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(v)</emphasis>
, φ 1, φ 2
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FC4D57CDB9963EE2" box="[917,1426,1745,1772]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC4D57CDBFB63EE8" box="[917,946,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(ft)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC6657CDBFE43EE8" box="[958,992,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(tc)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC3357CDB80D3EE8" box="[1003,1033,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(it)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBCD57CDB8353EE8" box="[1045,1073,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(p)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBE557CDB85D3EE8" box="[1085,1113,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(u)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBBD57CDB8853EE8" box="[1125,1153,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(a)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB5557CEB8923EE9" box="[1165,1174,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">s</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB7A57CDB8CD3EE8" box="[1186,1225,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(pv)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB0D57CDB8F33EE8" box="[1237,1271,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(pl)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFADB57CDB9133EE8" box="[1283,1303,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l”</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFAFB57CDB9323EE8" box="[1315,1334,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">v’</emphasis>
, ɛ, ω 1, ω 2
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399034EB9E2A0020FF4757E4B9963F1A" box="[159,1426,1784,1812]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FF4757E4BCC03F1A" box="[159,196,1784,1812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">II</th>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FEC657E4BD483F1A" box="[286,332,1784,1812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEC657E5BD353F00" box="[286,305,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FE6C57E4BE333F1A" box="[436,567,1784,1812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE6C57E4BDC43F03" box="[436,448,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">d</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE1457E4BDE73F03" box="[460,483,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(l)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE3657E4BE333F00" box="[494,567,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">bv”, v”</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD8157E4BE8D3F1A" box="[601,649,1784,1812]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD8157E4BE743F03" box="[601,624,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(l)</emphasis>
, σ
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD2857E4BF6B3F1A" box="[752,879,1784,1812]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD2857E4BF023F03" box="[752,774,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(l)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCCA57E5BF293F00" box="[786,813,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(v)</emphasis>
, φ
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FC4D57E4B9963F1A" box="[917,1426,1784,1812]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC4D57E4BFB63F03" box="[917,946,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(ft)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC6657E5BFE43F00" box="[958,992,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(tc)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC3357E5B80D3F00" box="[1003,1033,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(it)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBCD57E5B8353F00" box="[1045,1073,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(p)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBE557E5B85D3F00" box="[1085,1113,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(u)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBBD57E5B8853F00" box="[1125,1153,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(a)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB5557E5B8923F00" box="[1165,1174,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">s</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB7A57E5B8CD3F00" box="[1186,1225,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(pv)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB0D57E4B8EC3F03" box="[1237,1256,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l”</emphasis>
, ω, ω * 1 2
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399034EB9E2A0020FF47563CB9963F3B" box="[159,1426,1824,1845]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FF47563CBCC03F3B" box="[159,196,1824,1845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">III</th>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FEC6563CBD483F3B" box="[286,332,1824,1845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEC6563CBD293F3B" box="[286,301,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l’</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEE1563CBD483F3B" box="[313,332,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FE6C563CBE333F3B" box="[436,567,1824,1845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE6C563CBDC43F3B" box="[436,448,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">d</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE14563CBDDF3F3B" box="[460,475,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l’</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE3E563CBE073F3B" box="[486,515,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ev’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD81563CBE8D3F3B" box="[601,649,1824,1845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD81563CBE6C3F3B" box="[601,616,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l’</emphasis>
, σ
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD28563CBF6B3F3B" box="[752,879,1824,1845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD28563CBEFB3F3B" box="[752,767,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l’</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCD2563CBF213F3B" box="[778,805,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(v)</emphasis>
, φ
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FC4D563CB9963F3B" box="[917,1426,1824,1845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC4D563CBFB63F3B" box="[917,946,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(ft)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC66563CBFE43F3B" box="[958,992,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(tc)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC33563CB80D3F3B" box="[1003,1033,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(it)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBCD563CB8353F3B" box="[1045,1073,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(p)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBE5563CB85D3F3B" box="[1085,1113,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(u)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBBD563CB8853F3B" box="[1125,1153,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(a)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB55563CB8923F3B" box="[1165,1174,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">s</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB7A563CB8CD3F3B" box="[1186,1225,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(pv)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399034EB9E2A0020FF47565BB9963F53" box="[159,1426,1863,1885]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<th id="7A415D979E2A0020FF47565BBCC03F53" box="[159,196,1863,1885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">IV</th>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FEC6565BBD483F53" box="[286,332,1863,1885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFEC6565BBD353F52" box="[286,305,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FE6C565BBE333F53" box="[436,567,1863,1885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE6C565BBDC43F52" box="[436,448,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">d</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE14565BBDED3F52" box="[460,489,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ev’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD81565BBE8D3F53" box="[601,649,1863,1885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD81565BBE613F52" box="[601,613,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">d</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFDA9565BBE843F52" box="[625,640,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FD28565BBF6B3F53" box="[752,879,1863,1885]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD28565BBEFB3F52" box="[752,767,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">l’</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFCD2565BBF213F52" box="[778,805,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(v)</emphasis>
, φ
</td>
<td id="7A415D979E2A0020FC4D565BB9963F53" box="[917,1426,1863,1885]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC4D565BBFB43F52" box="[917,944,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ft”</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC63565BBFD93F52" box="[955,989,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(tc)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC31565BB8013F52" box="[1001,1029,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(p)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBC9565BB8293F52" box="[1041,1069,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(u)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBE1565BB8513F52" box="[1081,1109,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">(a)</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFBB95654B86E3F53" box="[1121,1130,1864,1885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">s</emphasis>
, (pv)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2AFFDBFF4F5671B8803FC4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1900,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<tableNote id="7A4637279E2AFFDBFF4F5671B8803FC4" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" targetBox="[159,1426,1706,1885]" targetPageId="4">
Note: Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus). Single quotation mark (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFB085671B8DC3F8C" box="[1232,1240,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">’</emphasis>
) designates setae on the anterior and double quotation mark (
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFDC3568DBE2C3FA8" box="[539,552,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">”</emphasis>
) setae on the posterior side of a given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae. *Solenidion ω
<subScript id="1B2434EC9E2AFFDBFEF956D8BD2C3FDE" box="[289,296,1988,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">2</subScript>
absent in
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFE5256A9BE263FC4" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[394,546,1972,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE5256A9BDA63FC4" box="[394,418,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE7756A9BDC13FC4" box="[431,453,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFE0A56A9BE263FC4" box="[466,546,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFD8956A9BF093FC4" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[593,781,1972,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Neoamerioppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicoensis" subGenus="Neoamerioppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD8956A9BE6C3FC4" box="[593,616,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFDAD56A9BE883FC4" box="[629,652,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">N.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFD4156A9BF093FC4" box="[665,781,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">mexicoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus present in
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2AFFDBFC6256A9B87A3FC4" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[954,1150,1972,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Ramusella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanaensis" subGenus="Insculptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC6256A9BFD43FC4" box="[954,976,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">R.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC0556A9BFE83FC4" box="[989,1004,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">I.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2AFFDBFC2156A9B87A3FC4" box="[1017,1150,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">quintanaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2BFFDAFF1F518BBE2C39A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F518BBFFA394F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F518BBD3F38BF" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFE9B518BBEF438BE" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[323,752,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE9B518BBDC238BF" box="[323,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Graptoppia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE0F518BBE8538BF" box="[471,641,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Apograptoppia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD4A518BBEF438BE" box="[658,752,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD2F518BBF5638BF" bold="true" box="[759,850,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2BFFDAFD2F518BBF5638BF" box="[759,850,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from the single (nominate) representative of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFEE951A7BE8E38DB" authority="(Paoli, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Paoli" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[305,650,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolata" subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFEE951A7BD4938DB" box="[305,333,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE8651A7BD7238DB" box="[350,374,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE5F51A7BDEB38DB" box="[391,495,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">foveolata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2BFFDAFE2751A7BE8638DB" author="Paoli, G." box="[511,642,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="31 - 91" refId="ref7658" refString="Paoli, G. (1908) Monografia del genere Dameosoma Berl. e generi affini. Redia, 5, 31 - 91." type="journal article" year="1908">Paoli, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Holarctic region and Hawaii (see
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2BFFDAFBA051A7B8F038DB" author="Paoli, G." box="[1144,1268,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="31 - 91" refId="ref7658" refString="Paoli, G. (1908) Monografia del genere Dameosoma Berl. e generi affini. Redia, 5, 31 - 91." type="journal article" year="1908">Paoli 1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2BFFDAFAD951A7B99338DB" author="Bernini, F." box="[1281,1431,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="329 - 375" refId="ref6447" refString="Bernini, F. (1969) Notulae Oribatologicae I. Contributo alla conoscenza degli Oribatei (Acarida) della Pineta dei S. Vitale (Ravenna). Redia, 51, 329 - 375." type="journal article" year="1969">Bernini 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2BFFDAFF4F51C3BD5438F7" author="Weigmann, G." box="[151,336,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" refId="ref8112" refString="Weigmann, G. (2006) Hornmilben (Oribatida). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Teil 76. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern, 520 pp." type="book" year="2006">Weigmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
) in having bothridial head rounded distally (versus pointed distally), the presence (versus absence) of interbothridial tubercles, the morphology of the anterior margin of the notogaster (narrowed medially versus broadly rounded medially), and the absence (versus presence) of transcostula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F5057BE2C39A3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<bibRefCitation id="E3314B589E2BFFDAFF1F5057BD70396B" author="Ermilov, S. G." box="[199,372,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="529 - 535" refId="ref6637" refString="Ermilov, S. G. (2023) Contribution to the taxonomy of the oribatid mite genus Graptoppia Balogh 1983 (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 102, 529 - 535." type="journal article" year="2023">Ermilov (2023)</bibRefCitation>
represented the generic diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFCCB5057BF92396B" authorityName="Balogh" authorityYear="1983" box="[787,918,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFCCB5057BF92396B" box="[787,918,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Graptoppia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the presence of two solenidia on leg tarsus II was noted. However,
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFE305073BE9D3986" authority="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán, 2023" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[488,665,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Apograptoppia">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFE305073BE003987" box="[488,516,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">G.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFDCB5073BE283987" box="[531,556,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFDE35073BE9D3986" box="[571,665,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFD475073BEFC3987" bold="true" box="[671,760,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE757C09E2BFFDAFD475073BEFC3987" box="[671,760,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has only one solenidion. Hence, this nuance must be applied in the future diagnosis of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBA65229E2BFFDAFF1F50ABBCC939FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="871F36A99E2BFFDAFF1F50ABBCC939FB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFF1F50ABBD4A39DF" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="40A04D2A9E2BFFDAFDFD50ABBE8739DE" authorityName="Ermilov &amp; Kontschán" authorityYear="2023" box="[549,643,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Oppiidae" genus="Graptoppia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooensis">
<emphasis id="B5D4EABB9E2BFFDAFDFD50ABBE8739DE" box="[549,643,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">rooensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the place of origin, the Free and Sovereign State of
<collectingRegion id="4564F84B9E2BFFDAFAEE50ABBCCD39FB" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

79
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<paragraph id="EA40BEEAE55AE2E1E85A5B8FAF2E74BD" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Synonyms:</paragraph>
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(Smith &amp; Plane, 1985) -
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(part)
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(
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,
<bibRefCitation id="62C1B6219BE602293D8472D038134AE6" author="Hoser, RT" journalOrPublisher="Crocodilian - Journal of the Victorian Association of Amateur Herpetologists 4 (3): 31 - 37 and" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" pagination="21 - 40" title="A reclassification of the Pythoninae including the description of two new genera, two new species and nine new subspecies." volume="4" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
) listed several subspecies of
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at specific rank, without comment. Since no new evidence is available, these authors continue to treat them all as subspecies. These authors also treat the taxon
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described by
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as a subspecies of
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(see comments there).
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The sequences listed under this taxon were classified into
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<taxonomicName id="D4088D39DD5BD100EAB1AD205BD7E9EC" ID-CoL="34949" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dasyloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosa">D. cf. filamentosa</taxonomicName>
:-
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<materialsCitation id="1A7B61849FE141C4CAB784E443394D6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893093" collectingDate="2000-03-11" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="de Rham" country="Panama" location="Rio Ipeti" specimenCode="MHNG 2674.052" stateProvince="Panama Department">
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2674.052
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, 275.8 mm of SL,
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,
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,
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.
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<mods:title id="DDF9C7DD2E2C629B4DB0CBB5F15A09BE">Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="84C7CB8D35A478ABB50E490C53FA7922" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Wajane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata" status="sp. n.">
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armata
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:
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♂ - Carapace
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, flat, cephalic area very short. Colouration reddish brown, completely covered with short, white hairs. There are also longer, darker bristles along the clypeus and laterally to the ocular area. Fovea quite shallow, wide, and indistinctly limited.
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Chelicerae rather long and narrow, obliquely directed, fang short. Anterior margin of cheliceral groove with a low chitinous keel that is armed with four teeth, the next to the most basal being the largest. There are also two chitinous knobs immediately behind this keel, but they are too close to the anterior margin to represent a true armature of the posterior margin of the cheliceral groove that is lacking in other Eresid species. Maxillae basally wide, triangular, but the apical part has parallel sides and a rounded apex. The maxillae are quite parallel to each other, and therefore separated by the whole width of the labium. The latter is longer than wide, its apical part is tapering, but widely rounded at the apex. Sternum long oval as in
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<taxonomicName id="1701D045972AB89B1286B3FA02AAC4EC" class="Arachnida" family="Penestomidae" genus="Penestomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Penestomus</taxonomicName>
,
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caudally projected between fourth coxae, the apex rounded.
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Abdomen long oval, strongly tapering towards both ends, and somewhat flattened. Anterior margin truncate, caudal
<pageBreakToken id="F28ADFE78370EEE10B257FB994CE2D27" pageNumber="410" start="start">end</pageBreakToken>
pointed. Anal tubercle well-developed, triangular. There are white patches at the anterolateral corners of the dorsal side, and a pair of broader, transversal white patches at the widest point of the abdomen. Remainder of dorsal side yellowish brown. Ventral side unicoloured, lighter brownish yellow. Anterior spinnerets conical, dorsoventrally flattened and their basal diameter apart. Posterior spinnerets shorter, cylindrical, and much narrower than the anterior pair. Apical segment of both these pairs as long as wide, conical. Median spinnerets acutely conical, a little shorter than the. posterior pair. The homologues of the anterior median spinnerets are represented by an unpaired, narrow, strongly curved, and weakly sclerotized plate in front of the spinnerets. Evidently this is a case of nonfunctional colulus, but the weak sclerotization of the whole caudal end of the
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hinders further interpretation of the structure of this colulus, as such unique in
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. Tracheal stigma as wide as the spinnerets area, separated from the colulus by its own width.
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Legs rather short, weakly sclerotized in the
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. Coxae exceptionally long, especially in fourth leg, in this respect resembling the Platorid spiders. Trochanterae unnotched. Femora thick, armed with a single dorsomedian spine, much darker than the remaining segments of the legs. Tibiae with numerous short spines on ventral and lateral sides; they are quite irregularly arranged. Metatarsi also with irregular spinulation, although a basic pattern of three ventral pairs of spines might be traced. Tarsi spineless, more or less rigidly joined to metatarsi as in all Eresid species. Three tarsal claws, all with teeth. An oval area around the unpaired claw, densely covered with short hairs, also proves affinity with Eresids. Neither calamistrum nor any distinct trichobothria can be seen in the
<typeStatus id="F0E464F693166120B84E3CB7DF160D0F" pageNumber="410">holotype</typeStatus>
, but its hair covering has been mostly rubbed away. The male palpus (Figs. 470 and 471) is characterized by a large, bifurcate tibial process and a large and complicated median apophysis, both of these characters being unique among Eresids. The coiled embolus runs inside a fold of the conductor. Moreover, there is a central membranous plate arising from the tegulum and supporting the apical parts of conductor and embolus.
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<materialsCitation id="125A2845474DC5E3C2E47C61D111A23F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923905772" collectingDate="1916-01" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="F. Cruden" country="South Africa" location="Alicedale" pageNumber="410" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus id="39C2EA8D35BA2790BD32EB286CBA0C26" pageNumber="410">Holotype</typeStatus>
♂ from
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,
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, coll.
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,
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<collectingDate id="1916D67CB85892499C7157D1F9D912E6" pageNumber="410" value="1916-01">Jan. 1916</collectingDate>
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(
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
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333
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<taxonomicName id="EBD7DB5E1E328EFF0001BEEFE424F41E" ID-CoL="8RYPR" authority="Lej." authorityName="Lej." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
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Lej.
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Art ISFS: 355500 Checklist: 1039680
<taxonomicName id="DD8C8A806B58C95523BC81665F5214BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="08C63F3877743F1DB943B2B7294FC3D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rubus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0EA37A7C3769A2D0172E60A20BD020EA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosus">Rubus fruticosus</taxonomicName>
aggr.
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<heading id="95764BE9E9744532970773D5055B037C">Zusammenfassung</heading>
KEINE ANGABE Status
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: Nicht
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<normalizedToken id="E484E20C8881878A5B091BEE0827AA80" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
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<heading id="28965832BB7677F9A95AAAE72CD9929C">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="31FD832522832511DA5CFF512BB03761" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<tbody id="A8C57D3CE025148E1AD355B83C641BF7">KEINE ANGABE</tbody>
</td>
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<normalizedToken id="D7761FEFCC4A51E1678D50198B984BD7" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="93E236E08B6A195D75933EF7B892072D" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C04425143826DC03A3A3E96020C9B239" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="316F0F6117B9F533C820418209792461" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="2E52FCB28B39A79A59AAF44D3DF84868" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="766AB374DFACDD3ED8BD5DDD7636D0AC" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="2337A9B5F5E15B22329B5C7EBD16E19D" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1D3750AA69E9DC40E8F6D87E037CE6C5">
<td id="265CEFF16A6A76B8C4A349A11F180A20">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="9C27BE33ED2929D40488D898167A1E33" style="text-align:left;width:100px">--</td>
<td id="83A9301E7872D0F92E3D79E28A26BC76">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="AA0CE9D64B3C7C9B2206C70380B232E5" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
<td id="A45F5A45482D5FD0D8276A01DA279CD7">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="41D8CAFFA9E0162A39B5A68535352C79" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93B69A9F310E02CEDB5EEB1A1EE83B78">
<td id="067E6ABA2F7CEF15FCE15C5BFBFB32CB">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="284045F18CD4DC1A1413FB2238ECBAA2" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="A01525A4A4C1300556BE5DEBF46AECDE">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="8B0FCA56A7FC04F82AAFF51685DB75AB" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EB408CD1FC2764E91FC678B0F7F1A715">
<td id="15A0A97FF094AADC1BD56DE3CD9D85B4">
<normalizedToken id="13DF8AA6005E1733ACA3A9562DD9BDC3" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="BF8AC165C477E219086A52F7E1104145" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="F3F9B0A7AA8EBC34219437106129090B">
<normalizedToken id="94EF68707FE7BB22569F1F969B6713B9" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="4FF4D333E190247FB35D881CE9BC471D" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EEB62213AD91675A6D043DD4372E497F" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C9115841A2FAD96D3EBA647E3972C1B9">
<heading id="6582F0DD78EF7A7E9099E84A27EBAE31">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F21DE05D71915ABDF509BED5E8BAC16">
<treatmentCitation id="8B3043770373641F917260C151A70E72">
<heading id="B8708AFAC41495A0AEE42183E9701977">
<normalizedToken id="9A8B1E8C50CC45E36F2C43F80C1FF60C" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="B78A768F5EB7C25A22087D9A6ACEF5C1" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="209DF62B81D708BB1D11961275C147CA" ID-CoL="8RYPR" authority="Lej." authorityName="Lej." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B7903552BA423E7017BB0359F9C091A3" italics="true">Rubus montanus</emphasis>
Lej.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA6C5031356337CE950F7E6852AB9C02" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="6BD2ABC26F9E93325D511F82AB4067E8">Volksname</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8DC8ADB832D09CF9B3D55567FAA6BA" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9F21F1B28880BE6F4E2B4159F1957A20">
Deutscher Name: -- Nom
<normalizedToken id="3CD01173A75F1DF5AAE0783E0F4F908C" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
: -- Nome italiano: --
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B08B26D4916B03C4BDF9262FB5E9EC46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A6B4CA531966059472B306100EA4C418">
<normalizedToken id="20B45A0EB6183C34B6EEB1DFDFC7F5E8" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FC1AD4F7D457D9754B291DB6E6774ED">
<table id="BA69A3D85DA8F842894D172E6773F64B" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="6FA08051C4038681C8037E285C49E036">
<tr id="5281C08279BBA52822840B58E55B28F0">
<th id="39F911493594F6DD259C16028B9D6447" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="77FD0F70096DA21794C139D02FBDB762">Nom</th>
<th id="BC18C1CA922CA5655386B8B0C472CBFB">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="AD691C4F91307294F8126D3BD75D2562" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F853670F60ECBECFF61AAD28923C6AE1">
<td id="C833837D8CF8541FB042F232432CE741" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="3545E0C1FEEEF39050D37B94F4A39B36">
<taxonomicName id="8E631E98B1F26E943BC4A040A92FCEF9" authority="Lej." authorityName="Lej." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">Rubus montanus Lej.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="88D58F21F7DD00FA56FDC535DB42AF7C">
<treatmentCitation id="4F7A1F2C5CE68BEB782B7812DBF747D8">
<bibRefCitation id="8165C068B8D23628628DB1FB4D845428" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="323C911940C21C06B4890789A48E5CCB">355500</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48055556A62FF7A521FF48840807CEAA">
<td id="E096FF7ABADD174B8146C0662B10DF74" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="FB1091797F7458AAF6F1C4E9BECF3883">
<taxonomicName id="0BEF1A5E47F83D0CE3AF2C40B4FE52BA" authority="Lej." authorityName="Lej." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">Rubus montanus Lej.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="DB3AAAAFF21173A6B31B6A3862CBAC5D">
<treatmentCitation id="D7E743EB8539392B8702551FE8F7D066">
<bibRefCitation id="B52FF637D754475EE0030A2238691DE9">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="5077B4CB3761E7EFB6368CB4DC24A75C">355500</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F430F8F8949D19CE5E8489B6BF1167D">
<tableNote id="93D01CE35C23DAA59871087BE9740700">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="6130C864C8ED5B003A44F07F92B53EA1" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="476940F079175DF31CC2919C2DFDF085" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="5FEF6243558B3FD3ED698AE12F241502" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="C96607AEDA243809FA5EACA4301FD08A" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="27980654760A4B336223084286883544" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA23E7BEB7AB5B2B13A208612E6CC4AA" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="11C1D231D7E83FB450BCD770B19C38C4">
Kommentare aus der
<bibRefCitation id="9AE96E31571E71D79D0CF4679574305A" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
<heading id="064164B3F13ED14DDFA286BAAC241266">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D067585EE937C9DF75C3C3B76BE66212">
, Taxonomie und Vorhandensein im Bearbeitungsgebiet durch Atlas Florae Europaea (Kurtto et al. 2007)
<normalizedToken id="3D4141E389151ACEFA6767CFFCA58938" originalValue="bestätigt">bestaetigt</normalizedToken>
. Checklist
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B066AD5194B2C468F63C7B360D0DDF" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="A3C27E6A62181E9E61083C414974C810">
<heading id="B1EAFBA00991190CE67DABBC29F3BE60">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870613E41CF1A0D280BC55937819835">
<emphasis id="03B03E47080C5C57BEF7B9772C25059F" bold="true">
<heading id="A5E1A40E3FF09C3FBEDF74026872DDDD">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="3B974EA9904C08D418DCEFDB62DAFEE8" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="D23B428473517D27495ADF7A2B9629A2" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD12553486071CF3046019B9AD1C2F80">
<heading id="65A5F30DFD3DDD2B984088B58F7BC7C7">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CA0760B084656210AD4501D6B094BB9">
<heading id="20708E07D42B7A4389C87F77452A6A4E">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="873D8D5CD43271A2A295EC2228449D4D" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A0AE86AEEDCE7C4DB2ABE210602CAE5">
<heading id="B714D99C30C18E7AB073D1F9F987081C">
<normalizedToken id="C1B7E6E3B0DF75ADB42A512E6D3CE1AC" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: --
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E7BF8C0644E1D6A7FA9CA239E4EEA33">
<heading id="BA0ACE63B971D49175B19F6C760E8DC1">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="522EDD64F5090C01D94FDDDEB7BB542B">
<table id="C822172475CAC313946167DF0F7CCCB2" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="7BCEA0E8355717C52455EBC9A58856DF">
<tr id="4FB2471F17C751F388314A6276BEDDB2">
<th id="1DAA5783DD117669B6FDE9BADA2D636D">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="14C198F5D2018BB81A0FEFF44956EDAF">Status</th>
<th id="80C14B47B0A3401EC2E488C7B721FA98">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3C3874547A388CE2988027BE7FC82935">
<td id="9616431D771948F3847F30874244286F" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="C431FCC5F33659B7BC4A8DCDC1F05127">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="143BBAADC005564B9F2A8680456B8957">
<td id="ED073BF7FF07FEA6461F9079C6012F4C" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="5A2530443A50DD67CEB5F6D4A90ED55D">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4C2FAC755A9BC8369E4CE98AAB2B87AE">
<td id="F04CEDA89CEDB8035775F3121B1E2EE2" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="81D329DD43CA9F92FF6DE00C80DA63D2">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0FFF0E262727C0CDDD6DC4F52FDB19D">
<td id="CA2C8B7ECABFD8A2F525E7D56BA7D4BE" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="6109D9F8D88E635E8E7BCD5E8398FEE8" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="E3AC6E6F8FC5FEBC37D973C218E188D8">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="019402A2446EF0A6BFD9BA4ECCAAC46B">
<td id="02DEF41ECE766CE92E6F0FA971C4D296" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="E45324EF1CFCBE4A76549A12BC1F7A16" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="CD127A4CD751BEBB9F1416FCBF4AFD00">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6AEE35DC9C07246E73ED8F5C309AD470">
<td id="92CF918258B566B857FF9D22AFA70B0F" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="1AB158E22750A307BC6445B52E25A837">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4301B6F8183BF75CD9415C80EE683ED4">
<heading id="2D82117B52753D09B6EAF7BF75FE3C5C">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="CFF496F0FD7AEBAC4895C13F4035057B" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="891C17917ACA31A05651D3B1F28A4749">
<table id="FF09DC848F29FC5E382D64BD53362521" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="358773ED3E08C087F0C1B30548721482">
<td id="DC3AD3ED43AA4E9509918EB5B51D497C">
Keine nationale
<normalizedToken id="ABD9C9904CF2E668AFF35A5A1DDA8F99" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
oder internationale Verantwortung
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A5B643645F8092EF577911B9FD64C55">
<heading id="963EF1085ACA3E5BC2EFB68CE8C53172">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691E256D8FF41DAA01A413B18DD5D6DD">
<table id="DA404AB12ABB7570BA4BCBFB55950CE0" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="C9E1983A7B2051A06DCDA443C71238D1">
<td id="06506CF5FC1EFD54B7F24D0E96B77791">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

118
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<mods:title id="E22E97892D2C533536E4C2FCFDA3C83A">Checklist of the marine malacofauna of Culuccia Peninsula (NW Sardinia, Italy), with notes on relevant species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="78926E77FB3E623B89BA521E860F26AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="115051">Shell.</paragraph>
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629
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(
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<collectionCode id="E1B3AE7DFFE7FFD12EDEFDCCFBB7FDA3" box="[963,1056,611,635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">TALUD</collectionCode>
XV cruise, St. 13 (
<geoCoordinate id="E296507FFFE7FFD1280EFDCDFA0FFDA3" box="[1299,1432,610,635]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="15" value="25.036667">25º02'12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E296507FFFE7FFD12D8AFD29FEB8FD47" box="[151,303,646,671]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="15" value="-112.901665">112º54'06&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula,
<collectingCountry id="FFB57628FFE7FFD12ED0FD29FBB2FD47" box="[973,1061,646,671]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="F31C1078FFE7FFD12925FD28FB4DFD47" box="[1080,1242,646,671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2012-07-30">30 July 2012</date>
, benthic sledge,
<quantity id="405A9B5DFFE7FFD12D8AFD05FEA3FD1A" box="[151,308,682,707]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2275" metricValueMax="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="1227.5" valueMax="1245.0" valueMin="1210.0">1210–1245 m</quantity>
depth (EMU-10090).
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFE7FFD12F2BFD04FD0CFD1B" box="[566,667,683,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
, female (CL
<quantity id="405A9B5DFFE7FFD12E29FD04FC18FD1A" box="[820,911,683,707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
, TL
<quantity id="405A9B5DFFE7FFD12ED5FD05FBA4FD1B" box="[968,1075,682,707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="41.5">41.5 mm</quantity>
).
<collectionCode id="E1B3AE7DFFE7FFD12955FD04FB32FD1B" box="[1096,1189,683,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">TALUD</collectionCode>
XVI-B cruise, St. 15 (
<geoCoordinate id="E296507FFFE7FFD12D82FD60FEB3FD3F" box="[159,292,719,743]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="15" value="29.673332">29º40'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E296507FFFE7FFD12C2BFD61FE30FD3F" box="[310,423,718,743]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="925" value="-116.1">116º06'W</geoCoordinate>
), off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula,
<date id="F31C1078FFE7FFD12925FD60FB4AFD3F" box="[1080,1245,719,743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2014-05-30">30 May 2014</date>
, benthic sledge,
<quantity id="405A9B5DFFE7FFD12D8AFD5DFEA5FCD2" box="[151,306,754,779]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.028" metricValueMax="2.046" metricValueMin="2.01" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="2028.0" valueMax="2046.0" valueMin="2010.0">2010–2046 m</quantity>
depth (EMU-10429).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB86533FFE7FFD82DDAFCB9FDDAFBAD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="description">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE7FFD12DDAFCB9FB58FBF3" blockId="1.[151,1437,610,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE7FFD12DDAFCB9FECEFCF7" bold="true" box="[199,345,790,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Description.</emphasis>
Body (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD12CA9FCB9FD92FCF7" box="[436,517,790,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,1122,1972]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227572/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD12F05FCB8FDB0FCF7" box="[536,551,791,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">2</figureCitation>
) moderately slender, subcylindrical, integument firm, no tegumental scales. Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD12C1AFC95FEDEFC8B" box="[263,329,826,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–D) slender, moderately high, slightly widening at base, about 0.6 times carapace length, slightly directed upward, reaching distal margin of second segment of antennular peduncle; dorsal margin with 8 small teeth, anteriormost subterminal, proximal
<date id="F31C1078FFE7FFD12F65FC2CFD39FC42" box="[632,686,899,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">3 set</date>
more closely than others and located posterior to orbital margin, basally articulated; ventral margin slightly convex, armed with two small teeth distal to the midlength (one distal tooth in the
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFE7FFD12C34FC64FE18FC3B" box="[297,399,971,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); lateral carina weak, merging into orbital margin. Carapace (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD1297CFC65FB30FC3B" box="[1121,1191,970,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) smooth, glabrous; dorsal margin slightly convex in posterior half; orbital margin (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD12E79FC41FC30FBDF" box="[868,935,1006,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) evenly concave; antennal tooth relatively long, sharp (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD12C3EFBBDFEF5FBF3" box="[291,354,1042,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,1122,1972]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227572/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C); pterygostomial tooth strong, distinctly exceeding antennal tooth (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE7FFD12977FBBDFB3AFBF3" box="[1130,1197,1042,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFE7FFD12D8AF863FBEBF83A" box="[151,1148,1996,2018]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227572/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" targetBox="[151,1435,1122,1972]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE7FFD12D8AF863FBEBF83A" blockId="1.[151,1148,1996,2018]" box="[151,1148,1996,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE7FFD12D8AF863FE84F839" bold="true" box="[151,275,1996,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE7FFD12C04F863FE57F83A" box="[281,448,1996,2018]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE7FFD12C04F863FE57F83A" box="[281,448,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE7FFD12CDBF862FD80F83A" box="[454,535,1997,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE7FFD12CDBF862FD86F83A" bold="true" box="[454,529,1997,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFE4FFD22D8AF8F3FEF8F816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" targetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE4FFD22D8AF8F3FEF8F816" blockId="2.[151,1435,1884,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE4FFD22D8AF8F3FE85F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1884,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE4FFD22C05F8F3FE28F8AA" box="[280,447,1884,1906]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE4FFD22C05F8F3FE28F8AA" box="[280,447,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE4FFD22CD9F8F3FD83F8AA" box="[452,532,1884,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE4FFD22CD9F8F3FD99F8A9" bold="true" box="[452,526,1884,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B–F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFE5FFD32D8AF9CEFD8EF96C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227574/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" targetBox="[163,1428,193,1600]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE5FFD32D8AF9CEFD8EF96C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1633,1716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE5FFD32D8AF9CEFE85F9AE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1633,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE5FFD32C04F9CEFE57F9AF" box="[281,448,1633,1655]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE5FFD32C04F9CEFE57F9AF" box="[281,448,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE5FFD32CDBF9CEFD81F9AF" box="[454,534,1633,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE5FFD32CDBF9CEFD87F9AE" bold="true" box="[454,528,1633,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090). A, left mandible, ventral; B, left maxillula, ventral; C, left maxilla, ventral (dots = omitted plumose setae); D, left first maxilliped, ventral; E, left second maxilliped, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE5FFD32DDAF974FBFDF8B8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1755,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE5FFD32C56F974FE04F92C" box="[331,403,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) smooth, without pigment; third segment produced posteriorly, tergum not markedly elevated, but strongly sloping posteriorly; pleura 1–3 broadly rounded; pleuron 4 with posterolateral extension forming rounded lobe, unarmed; pleuron 5 convex with 2 blunt teeth on posterolateral margin; sixth segment with convex posterolateral margin and a sharp laterodorsal tooth; posteroventral angle blunt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE5FFD32DDAF8C4FDADF837" blockId="3.[151,1437,1755,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
Telson (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE5FFD32C3EF8C4FEFFF85C" box="[291,360,1899,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F) broken (
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFE5FFD32CF7F8C4FDC5F85C" box="[490,594,1899,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), at least 5 pairs of small dorsolateral spines. Telson of
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFE5FFD329C6F8C3FAABF85C" box="[1243,1340,1900,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with 11 pairs of small dorsolateral spines, posterior margin wide, straight, with 8 pairs of setae of similar length. Eyestalk subpyriform; cornea not dilated, not wider than eyestalk anterior margin, eye about 0.15 times carapace length, without ocellar spot.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFE2FFD42D8AF8C4FB2DF866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" targetBox="[150,1424,206,1851]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE2FFD42D8AF8C4FB2DF866" blockId="4.[151,1436,1899,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE2FFD42D8AF8C4FE85F858" bold="true" box="[151,274,1899,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE2FFD42C04F8C4FE57F859" box="[281,448,1899,1921]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE2FFD42C04F8C4FE57F859" box="[281,448,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE2FFD42CDBF8C4FD81F859" box="[454,534,1899,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE2FFD42CDBF8C4FD86F858" bold="true" box="[454,529,1899,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090), A, B, D, E. Paratype female (CL 8.4 mm, TL 41.5 mm) (EMU-10429), C. A, right third maxilliped, ventral; B, right first pereiopod; C, close up of fingers, chitinous spines dark-coloured; D, right second pereiopod; E, same, proximal portion. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52D8AFB02FF67FAD8" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
<table id="F5A2C418FFE3002F2D8AFB02FA0BFAD8" box="[151,1436,1197,1280]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
<tr id="399234FAFFE3002F2D8AFB02FA0BFB1B" box="[151,1436,1197,1219]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
<th id="7A435D86FFE3002F2D8AFB02FF6DFB1B" box="[151,250,1197,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE3FFD52D8AFB02FF6DFB1B" bold="true" box="[151,250,1197,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">FIGURE</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7A435D86FFE3002F2C1CFB02FD41FB1B" box="[257,726,1197,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE3FFD52C1FFB01FE83FB1B" bold="true" box="[258,276,1198,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE3FFD52C00FB02FE50FB1B" box="[285,455,1197,1219]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE3FFD52C00FB02FE50FB1B" box="[285,455,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE3FFD52CD3FB01FDB6FB1B" box="[462,545,1198,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE3FFD52CD3FB01FD8CFB1B" bold="true" box="[462,539,1198,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female
</th>
<th id="7A435D86FFE3002F2FC0FB02FABFFB1B" box="[733,1320,1197,1219]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">(CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090). A, right third</th>
<th id="7A435D86FFE3002F2832FB02FA0BFB1B" box="[1327,1436,1197,1219]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">pereiopod,</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399234FAFFE3002F2D8AFB63FA0BFB3A" box="[151,1436,1228,1250]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
<th id="7A435D86FFE3002F2D8AFB63FF6DFB3A" box="[151,250,1228,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">lateral; B,</th>
<td id="7A435D86FFE3002F2C1CFB63FD41FB3A" box="[257,726,1228,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">ischium, enlarged, mesial; C, merus, enlarged,</td>
<td id="7A435D86FFE3002F2FC0FB63FABFFB3A" box="[733,1320,1228,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">mesial; D, dactylus enlarged, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm for</td>
<td id="7A435D86FFE3002F2832FB63FA0BFB3A" box="[1327,1436,1228,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">A, 0.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399234FAFFE3002F2D8AFB45FA0BFAD8" box="[151,1436,1258,1280]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="7A435D86FFE3002F2D8AFB45FF6DFAD8" box="[151,250,1258,1280]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">for B, C.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52DDAFA89FBE1FA73" blockId="5.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
Antennular peduncle (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE3FFD52CDAFA89FD9BFAE7" box="[455,524,1318,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D) not reaching distal margin of antennal scale. First segment longer than two distal segments combined; stylocerite tapering to acute tip, slightly overreaching distal margin of first segment. Second segment about 0.5 length of first. Third segment about 0.5 length of second. Outer flagellum uniramous, subequal in length to peduncle; inner flagellum shorter and slender than outer flagellum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52DDAFA19FD58F9E3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
Antennal peduncle (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE3FFD52CB1FA19FE67FA17" box="[428,496,1462,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C–E) with stout basicerite bearing ventrodistal tooth. Scaphocerite large, about 0.5 times as long as carapace, broadly rounded and strongly widened distally, anterior width 2.0 times proximal width; lateral margin straight, distolateral tooth slender, not reaching distal margin of lamella. Carpocerite nearly reaching distal one-third of scaphocerite. Flagellum broken.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52DDAF9E9FCC8F987" blockId="5.[151,1437,1318,2027]" box="[199,863,1606,1631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
Epistomial process (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE3FFD52CB6F9E9FE7AF987" box="[427,493,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E) a sharp, relatively short spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52DDAF9C5FDF0F937" blockId="5.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
Mandible (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE3FFD52C58F9C5FE1DF95B" box="[325,394,1642,1667]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, left mandible, ventral; B, left maxillula, ventral; C, left maxilla, ventral (dots = omitted plumose setae); D, left first maxilliped, ventral; E, left second maxilliped, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A) small, feably calcified; palp 2-segmented, proximal segment with 3 distal setae, distal segment shorter than proximal, with long subdistal setae and short terminal setae; molar process reduced, laminar, tapering to subacute point; incisor process broad, armed with 15 small subtriangular teeth and 1 larger tooth at upper angle on subtruncate distal margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52DDAF955FC38F882" blockId="5.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
Maxillule (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE3FFD52C59F955FE11F8CB" box="[324,390,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, left mandible, ventral; B, left maxillula, ventral; C, left maxilla, ventral (dots = omitted plumose setae); D, left first maxilliped, ventral; E, left second maxilliped, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B) with palp curving, 2 terminal and 1 subterminal setae; upper lacinia broad, with 17 short, lanceolate marginal teeth and 10 stout submarginal setae, 8 setae on dorsal margin and 12 setae on ventral margin; lower lacinia slender, with 4 + 2 distal setae and 3 stout terminal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE3FFD52DDAF8C9FD2CF833" blockId="5.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE3FFD52C30F8C9FEF9F8A7" box="[301,366,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, left mandible, ventral; B, left maxillula, ventral; C, left maxilla, ventral (dots = omitted plumose setae); D, left first maxilliped, ventral; E, left second maxilliped, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C) with elongate, styliform palp, bearing 2 short terminal setae; basal endite bilobed, distal lobe subrectangular, with 7 terminal setae, proximal lobe subtriangular, with 15 setae on lower margin; coxal endite simple, with 16 marginal setae; scaphognathite well developed, more than 4 times as long as wide, fringed with plumose setae, 15 very long on posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE0FFD62DDAFF38FADEFF20" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
First maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE0FFD62C91FF38FE58FF68" box="[396,463,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, left mandible, ventral; B, left maxillula, ventral; C, left maxilla, ventral (dots = omitted plumose setae); D, left first maxilliped, ventral; E, left second maxilliped, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227574/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D) with endites incompletely fused, distal lobe with 24 plumose setae, proximal lobe without setae; endopod very slender, not overreaching distal margin of exopod; exopod crescent-form, fringed with numerous plumose setae, without flagellum, caridean lobe weakly developed; epipod large, faintly bilobed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFE0FFD62D8AF8F2FF67F869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227576/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" targetBox="[289,1292,312,1857]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE0FFD62D8AF8F2FF67F869" blockId="6.[151,1436,1885,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE0FFD62D8AF8F2FE83F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1885,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE0FFD62C06F8F2FE53F8AB" box="[283,452,1885,1907]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE0FFD62C06F8F2FE53F8AB" box="[283,452,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE0FFD62CD6F8F1FD8BF8AB" box="[459,540,1886,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE0FFD62CD6F8F1FD80F8AB" bold="true" box="[459,535,1886,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090). A, right fourth pereiopod, lateral; B, ischium, enlarged, mesial; C, merus, enlarged, mesial; D, dactylus enlarged, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm for A, 0.5 mm for B, C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFE1FFD72D8AF997FD8DF953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227577/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" targetBox="[161,1420,195,1564]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE1FFD72D8AF997FD8DF953" blockId="7.[151,1436,1592,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE1FFD72D8AF997FE82F996" bold="true" box="[151,277,1592,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFE1FFD72C02F997FE5EF996" box="[287,457,1592,1614]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE1FFD72C02F997FE5EF996" box="[287,457,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFE1FFD72CCFF996FDB2F996" box="[466,549,1593,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFE1FFD72CCFF996FD88F996" bold="true" box="[466,543,1593,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU-10090). A, right fifth pereipod, lateral; B, ischium, enlarged, mesial; C, merus, enlarged, mesial; D, dactylus enlarged, lateral; E, first pleopod, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm for A, E, 0.5 mm for B, C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE1FFD72DDAF91CFAD0F884" blockId="7.[151,1436,1715,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
Second maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE1FFD72CBAF91CFE7FF914" box="[423,488,1715,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, left mandible, ventral; B, left maxillula, ventral; C, left maxilla, ventral (dots = omitted plumose setae); D, left first maxilliped, ventral; E, left second maxilliped, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227574/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E) with endopod sub-pediform, all segments distinct except ischium and basis which are fused; ischium and merus with long setae in inner margin; carpus without setae; propodus about twice as long as dactylus, with 15 stiff setae on outer margin, setae shorter distally; dactylus with numerous setae on outer margin, 4 stouter distal setae, and 2 stronger, short setae subdistally. Exopod well developed, flagellum-like, reaching nearly to distolateral end of carpus; coxa with elongate, sickle-shaped epipod; podobranch absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFE1FFD72DDAF8C8FC15F834" blockId="7.[151,1436,1715,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
Third maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFE1FFD72C88F8C8FE4EF8A7" box="[405,473,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,206,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1437,193,1862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090), A, B, D, E. Paratype female (CL 8.4 mm, TL 41.5 mm) (EMU- 10429), C. A, right third maxilliped, ventral; B, right first pereiopod; C, close up of fingers, chitinous spines dark-coloured; D, right second pereiopod; E, same, proximal portion. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227575/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A) with long, slender endopod. All segments unarmed, with fringe of setae. Ultimate and penultimate segments subequal in length; antepenultimate segment longest, 2.5 times as long as ultimate; basis and ischium incompletely fused; coxa with small, triangular papilla-like epidod; exopod well developed, flagellum-like, reaching distal margin of antepenultimate segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFF38FD78FE5E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
First pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFEEFFD82C9CFF38FE52FF68" box="[385,453,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,206,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1437,193,1862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090), A, B, D, E. Paratype female (CL 8.4 mm, TL 41.5 mm) (EMU- 10429), C. A, right third maxilliped, ventral; B, right first pereiopod; C, close up of fingers, chitinous spines dark-coloured; D, right second pereiopod; E, same, proximal portion. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227575/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) overreaching antennal scale by about 0.3 of chela length. Articulation between basis and ischium distinct. Ischium and merus cylindrical, unarmed. Carpus subtriangular, unarmed. Chela slender, unarmed, about 0.5 as long as carapace; ventral margin almost straight, a short row of setae on the posteroventral margin; palm oval in cross section; fingers laterally compressed, little deflexed, forming deep concavity on outer side, about as long as palm; fixed finger laterally compressed; cutting edge of fixed finger with a chitinous plate with fossae; cuting edge of dactylus with chitinous spines that fit into fixed finger fossae (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFEEFFD829D8FEE5FA9BFEBB" box="[1221,1292,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,206,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1437,193,1862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090), A, B, D, E. Paratype female (CL 8.4 mm, TL 41.5 mm) (EMU- 10429), C. A, right third maxilliped, ventral; B, right first pereiopod; C, close up of fingers, chitinous spines dark-coloured; D, right second pereiopod; E, same, proximal portion. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227575/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C). Exopod flagellum-like, reaching proximal one-third of merus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFE3DFF43FD85" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Second pereiopod (Figs. D–E) slender, longer than first pereiopod, overreaching antennal scale by length of fingers. Ischium, merus and carpus unarmed; merus about twice as long as ischium; carpus about 0.5 as long as chela; fixed finger slightly deflexed, distal portion with minute spinules, two subterminal teeth and one stout short setae; dactylus longer than palm, slightly longer than fixed finger, slightly curved, cutting edge unarmed, tip with 3 short setae; exopod flagellum-like, falling short of distal margin of ischium, unsegmented, setose in about distal third.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFDC7FBAEFCC8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Third to fifth pereiopods (Figs. 5–7) slender, long, lacking exopod, generally similar. Third pereiopod (Fig. 5) with ischium having row of 4 spines latero-ventrally in distal half; merus slightly more than twice as long as ischium, with row of 5 spines subequally spaced along ventro-lateral margin; carpus unarmed, about 0.6 times as long as propodus; propodus unarmed; dactylus long, about 0.5 length of carpus, slightly curving, terminating in long unguis, bearing 9 short accessory spinules over entire length of flexor margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFCB4FD0FFC47" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
Fourth pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFEEFFD82C87FCB4FE49FCEC" box="[410,478,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[289,1292,312,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[278,1309,301,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, right fourth pereiopod, lateral; B, ischium, enlarged, mesial; C, merus, enlarged, mesial; D, dactylus enlarged, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm for A, 0.5 mm for B, C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with ischium having row of 6 spines latero-ventrally; merus less than twice as long as ischium, with 1 proximal ventro-lateral spine; carpus unarmed, about 0.7 times as long as propodus; propodus unarmed; dactylus about 0.5 times length of carpus, slightly curving, terminating in long unguis bearing 10 (3 missing) accessory spinules on flexor margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFC05FC2BFBF6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
Fifth pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFEEFFD82C90FC05FE42FC1A" box="[397,469,938,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,195,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[148,1432,184,1575]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, right fifth pereipod, lateral; B, ischium, enlarged, mesial; C, merus, enlarged, mesial; D, dactylus enlarged, lateral; E, first pleopod, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm for A, E, 0.5 mm for B, C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) with ischium having row of 3 proximal spines and 1 spine at mid-length lateroventrally; merus less than twice as long as ischium, with one distal latero-ventral spine; carpus unarmed, about 0.5 as long as propodus; propodus unarmed; dactylus long, about 0.5 length of carpus, slightly curving, terminating in long unguis, the latter bearing 10 (5 missing) spinules on flexor margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFB96FDDAFBAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
Uropodal endopod shorter than exopod; exopod almost twice as wide as exopod, with one lateral spine flanked with an inner movable spine (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFEEFFD82CFEFBF3FDB1FBAD" box="[483,550,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. Holotype female (CL 9.2 mm, TL 44.2 mm) (EMU- 10090). A, Body, lateral, appendages ommitted; B, rostrum and eye, detail, lateral; C, anterior portion of carapace and appendages, lateral; D, anterior portion of carapace with appendages, dorsal; E, epistome and antennal peduncle, ventral; F, telson and uropods, dorsal. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, 1 mm for B – F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227573/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB86533FFEEFFD82DDAFB2FFA0CFB41" box="[199,1435,1152,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFB2FFA0CFB41" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" box="[199,1435,1152,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82DDAFB2FFEF7FB41" bold="true" box="[199,352,1152,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from two localities, off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (
<figureCitation id="1F992A3DFFEEFFD829F9FB2FFAB0FB41" box="[1252,1319,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1109,1131]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution of Bresilia pacifica sp. nov. in the eastern Pacific." pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB57628FFEEFFD82823FB2FFA00FB41" box="[1342,1431,1152,1177]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB86533FFEEFFD82DDAFB0BFA0AFA96" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFB0BFDBCFB38" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82DDAFB0BFED1FB65" bold="true" box="[199,326,1188,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Etymology</emphasis>
. The new species is named after the Pacific Ocean, where it was collected, to emphasize its close resemblance with
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82C7EFB68FDB2FB38" box="[355,549,1223,1248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82C7EFB68FDB2FB38" box="[355,549,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Bresilia atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFB44FA0AFA96" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82DDAFB44FEB3FADC" bold="true" box="[199,292,1259,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Ecology</emphasis>
. The two specimens were collected at depths of
<date id="F31C1078FFEEFFD82E51FB44FC5DFADC" box="[844,970,1259,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" value="1210" valueMax="1245">1210–1245</date>
and
<quantity id="405A9B5DFFEEFFD8291FFB44FB36FADB" box="[1026,1185,1259,1284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.028" metricValueMax="2.046" metricValueMin="2.01" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="2028.0" valueMax="2046.0" valueMin="2010.0">2010–2046 m</quantity>
. Parameters measured at the bottom level are: 0.58 and 1.84 ml
<collectingCountry id="FFB57628FFEEFFD82F6CFABFFD12FAF0" box="[625,645,1296,1320]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">O</collectingCountry>
2/l; 2.26 and 3.98ºC.
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82E6EFAA0FBB9FAF0" box="[883,1070,1295,1320]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82E6EFAA0FBB9FAF0" box="[883,1070,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEEFFD8292BFAA0FB06FAFF" box="[1078,1169,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD8292BFAA0FB1DFAF0" bold="true" box="[1078,1162,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs under the OMZ core which is widely extended in the East Pacific and off the coast of western
<collectingCountry id="FFB57628FFEEFFD82EE5FA9AFBDAFA96" box="[1016,1101,1333,1358]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEEFFD82941FA9AFA06FA96" author="Hendrickx" box="[1116,1425,1333,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" refString="Hendrickx, M. E. &amp; Serrano, D. (2010) Impacto de la zona de minimo de oxigeno sobre los corredores pesqueros en el Pacifico mexicano. Interciencia, 35 (1), 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="2010">Hendrickx &amp; Serrano 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFB86533FFEEFFD92DDAFAF6FC9CF858" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEEFFD82DDAFAF6FE48F82D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82DDAFAF6FEA3FAAA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1369,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Remarks</emphasis>
. With only eight species left within the genus
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82E53FAF6FC31FAAA" box="[846,934,1369,1394]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82E53FAF6FC31FAAA" box="[846,934,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Bresilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is easy to compare the new species with previously described species.
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82CECFAD2FD39FA4E" box="[497,686,1405,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82CECFAD2FD39FA4E" box="[497,686,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEEFFD82FA4FAD2FC81FA4D" box="[697,790,1405,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82FA4FAD2FC98FA4E" bold="true" box="[697,783,1405,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears closest to
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82EE7FAD1FAA7FA4E" authority="Calman, 1896" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1896" box="[1018,1328,1405,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82EE7FAD1FB16FA4E" box="[1018,1153,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
Calman, 1896
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFEEFFD82871FAD1FA0BFA4E" box="[1388,1436,1406,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus, in the general shape of the carapace and rostrum with relatively few dorsal teeth, and the shape and size of the first pereiopod, although in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82FDCFA69FCD3FA06" box="[705,836,1477,1502]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82FDCFA69FCD3FA06" box="[705,836,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lower margin of the palm is more angular than in the new species, and in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82C82FA45FD8FF9D9" box="[415,536,1513,1537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82C82FA45FD8FF9D9" box="[415,536,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEEFFD82F02FA47FDEFF9D8" box="[543,632,1512,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82F02FA47FDE6F9D9" bold="true" box="[543,625,1512,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
there is a short row of setae (grooming apparatus) on the posteroventral margin of the chela (the
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFEEFFD82CAEF9A2FE74F9FD" box="[435,483,1549,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82F6CF9A2FD61F9FD" box="[625,758,1548,1573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82F6CF9A2FD61F9FD" box="[625,758,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not examined and these setae might be present in that species). The new species also shares with
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82F85F99EFCB7F991" box="[664,800,1584,1609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82F85F99EFCB7F991" box="[664,800,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a similarly shaped antennular peduncle and a distally widening scaphocerite (distally twice or almost twice the proximal width). The third and second maxillipeds are also very similar in both species, and these also feature a first maxilliped with a long crescent-shaped exopod without flagellum and with a weakly developed lobe (&quot;caridean lobe&quot;) at base of exopod (i.e., the external lobe of the exognath of Calman, 1896), and similar endites (distal lobe with 24 plumose setae, proximal lobe without setae in the new species vs.&gt;25 and no setae, respectively, in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82E2EF94BFC2EF923" box="[819,953,1762,1787]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82E2EF94BFC2EF923" box="[819,953,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The absence of a flagellum on the first maxilliped exopod has also been noted by Forest &amp; Cals (1977) for
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82EDCF8A8FADBF8C7" authority="Forest &amp; Cals, 1977" authorityName="Forest &amp; Cals" authorityYear="1977" box="[961,1356,1798,1823]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsicana">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82EDCF8A8FBC4F8C6" box="[961,1107,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. corsicana</emphasis>
Forest &amp; Cals, 1977
</taxonomicName>
(&quot;sans flagelle et sans incision où indication de lobulation sur son bord externe&quot;). Their illustration of the first maxilliped also allows to observe that there is no marked setose broadening or lobe at base of exopod, as in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD829D1F8E0FAD9F8BE" box="[1228,1358,1869,1894]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD829D1F8E0FAD9F8BE" box="[1228,1358,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82899F8E0FF66F852" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82899F8E0FF66F852" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEEFFD82DE4F8DEFEC5F851" box="[249,338,1905,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82DE4F8DEFEDBF852" bold="true" box="[249,332,1905,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The maxillule and maxilla are also very similar in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82E89F8DCFB8FF852" box="[916,1048,1905,1930]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82E89F8DCFB8FF852" box="[916,1048,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82952F8DCFB5EF852" box="[1103,1225,1906,1930]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82952F8DCFB5EF852" box="[1103,1225,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEEFFD829CCF8DEFABCF851" box="[1233,1323,1905,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD829CCF8DEFAB3F852" bold="true" box="[1233,1316,1905,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: about 10 marginal teeth plus 6–7 submarginal setae on the upper lacinia and 3 stout distal setae on the lower lacinia in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82899F838FF6CF80A" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82899F838FF6CF80A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 17 tooth and 10 setae on the upper lacinia and a similar number of distal stout setae (3) on the lower lacinia in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEEFFD82C18F871FEE9F82D" box="[261,382,2013,2037]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82C18F871FEE9F82D" box="[261,382,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEEFFD82C98F872FE48F82D" box="[389,479,2013,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEEFFD82C98F872FE4FF82E" bold="true" box="[389,472,2013,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DD6630FFEFFFD92D8AFBFAFC03FBB2" box="[151,916,1108,1131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEFFFD92D8AFBFAFC03FBB2" blockId="9.[151,916,1108,1131]" box="[151,916,1108,1131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92D8AFBFAFE85FBB2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1109,1131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92CA8FBFBFDCAFBB2" box="[437,605,1108,1130]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92CA8FBFBFDCAFBB2" box="[437,605,1108,1130]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">Bresilia pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEFFFD92F7FFBFAFD25FBB2" box="[610,690,1109,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F7FFBFAFD3BFBB2" bold="true" box="[610,684,1109,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the eastern Pacific.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEFFFD92DDAFB38FE4FFABB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92C7EFB37FE4BFB68" box="[355,476,1175,1200]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C7EFB37FE4BFB68" box="[355,476,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92CF1FB37FDF1FB68" box="[492,614,1176,1200]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92CF1FB37FDF1FB68" box="[492,614,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEFFFD92F6DFB38FD5CFB77" box="[624,715,1175,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F6DFB38FD53FB68" bold="true" box="[624,708,1175,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is differentiated by a rostrum with a few small dorsal teeth vs. many medium-sized rostral teeth and a series of large, movable spines, on the anterior half of the carapace in the former.
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92DEDFB70FDEDFB20" authority="Bruce, 2005" authorityName="Bruce" authorityYear="2005" box="[240,634,1247,1272]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briankensleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92DEDFB70FE70FB20" box="[240,487,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">Bresilia briankensleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD92CF3FB4FFDEDFB20" author="Bruce" box="[494,634,1247,1272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Bruce, A. J. (2005) Bresiliid shrimps from the Red Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) with the description of a new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 118, 176 - 182. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 x (2005) 118 [176: bsftrs] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Bruce, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92F9AFB4FFC82FB20" box="[647,789,1247,1272]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saldanhai">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F9AFB4FFC82FB20" box="[647,789,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. saldanhai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92E39FB4FFC24FB2F" box="[804,947,1248,1271]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsicana">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92E39FB4FFC24FB2F" box="[804,947,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. corsicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92EF6FB4FFBEAFB20" box="[1003,1149,1247,1272]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufioculus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92EF6FB4FFBEAFB20" box="[1003,1149,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. rufioculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also feature larger dorsal tooth on the entire length of the rostrum, not found in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92E1DFAABFCECFAC4" box="[768,891,1284,1308]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92E1DFAABFCECFAC4" box="[768,891,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEFFFD92E9EFAACFC4AFAC3" box="[899,989,1283,1308]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92E9EFAACFC41FAC4" bold="true" box="[899,982,1283,1308]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
In all these species, the scaphocerite is much slender, never with an anterior margin twice as wide as the proximal margin, as observed in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD929E2FA87FAE5FA98" box="[1279,1394,1320,1344]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD929E2FA87FAE5FA98" box="[1279,1394,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. pacifca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEFFFD92867FA88FF50FABB" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92867FA88FF56FABC" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and also in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92C53FAE3FE46FABC" box="[334,465,1355,1380]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C53FAE3FE46FABC" box="[334,465,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEFFFD92DDAFAC0FCBAFA2C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">
The presence of a sharp, short but well defined epistome process in
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92EF8FADFFBF5FA50" box="[997,1122,1392,1416]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92EF8FADFFBF5FA50" box="[997,1122,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEFFFD92971FAC0FB5EFA5F" box="[1132,1225,1391,1416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92971FAC0FB56FA50" bold="true" box="[1132,1217,1391,1416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
also adds another member to the group of species of
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92F34FA3CFD16FA74" box="[553,641,1427,1452]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F34FA3CFD16FA74" box="[553,641,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">Bresilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
featuring this process. Species which have been confirmed as having this process are
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92C41FA17FE78FA08" box="[348,495,1463,1488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumifera">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C41FA17FE78FA08" box="[348,495,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. plumifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92F1FFA17FD02FA08" box="[514,661,1463,1488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saldanhai">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F1FFA17FD02FA08" box="[514,661,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. saldanhai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92FB7FA17FCF1FA08" box="[682,870,1463,1488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briankensleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92FB7FA17FCF1FA08" box="[682,870,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. briankensleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92E67FA17FBA7FA08" box="[890,1072,1463,1488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92E67FA17FBA7FA08" box="[890,1072,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. antipodarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92959FA18FB0BFA08" box="[1092,1180,1463,1488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92959FA18FB0BFA08" box="[1092,1180,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">Bresilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD929C0FA17FAFDFA08" author="Bruce" box="[1245,1386,1463,1488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Bruce, A. J. (2005) Bresiliid shrimps from the Red Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) with the description of a new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 118, 176 - 182. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 x (2005) 118 [176: bsftrs] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Bruce 2005</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92899FA17FF67FA2C" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92899FA17FF67FA2C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92C30FA73FE29FA2C" box="[301,446,1499,1524]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufioculus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C30FA73FE29FA2C" box="[301,446,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. rufioculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD92CD1FA74FD4DFA2C" author="Komai" box="[460,730,1499,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Yamada, Y. (2010) A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna. Zootaxa, 2450, 41 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010">Komai &amp; Yamada 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD92FFBFA73FCB6FA2C" author="Yamada" box="[742,801,1500,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Yamada, Y. (2011) A new species of the caridean genus Bresilia (Decapoda: Bresiliidae) discovered from a shallow-water submarine cave in Okinawa Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (A), Supplement 5, 71 - 82." type="book chapter" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871D36B8FFEFFFD92DDAFA50FC9CF858" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD92DDAFA50FE63F9C0" author="Komai" box="[199,500,1535,1560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Yamada, Y. (2010) A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna. Zootaxa, 2450, 41 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010">Komai &amp; Yamada (2010)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished two informal species groups within
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD9294DFA50FB3FF9C0" box="[1104,1192,1535,1560]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD9294DFA50FB3FF9C0" box="[1104,1192,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">Bresilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The first group (
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92899F9AFFEBFF9E4" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92899F9AFFEBFF9E4" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. antipodarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group) is characterized by a long epistomial process, an exopodal flagellum on the first maxilliped, and a strongly produced tergum of the third abdominal somite (see
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD9292FF9E8FAD0F9B8" author="Komai" box="[1074,1351,1607,1632]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Yamada, Y. (2010) A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna. Zootaxa, 2450, 41 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010">Komai &amp; Yamada 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD92848F9E7FA06F9B8" author="Yamada" box="[1365,1425,1608,1632]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Yamada, Y. (2011) A new species of the caridean genus Bresilia (Decapoda: Bresiliidae) discovered from a shallow-water submarine cave in Okinawa Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (A), Supplement 5, 71 - 82." type="book chapter" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
). Species included are:
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92C93F9C3FD8CF95C" box="[398,539,1643,1668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumifera">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C93F9C3FD8CF95C" box="[398,539,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. plumifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92F37F9C3FD2FF95C" box="[554,696,1643,1668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saldanhai">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F37F9C3FD2FF95C" box="[554,696,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. saldanhai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92FDAF9C3FCE9F95C" box="[711,894,1643,1668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briankensleyi">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92FDAF9C3FCE9F95C" box="[711,894,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. briankensleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92E90F9C3FBA9F95C" box="[909,1086,1643,1668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92E90F9C3FBA9F95C" box="[909,1086,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. antipodarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92951F9C3FB52F95C" box="[1100,1221,1643,1668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92951F9C3FB52F95C" box="[1100,1221,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, plus
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92817F9C3FA0BF95C" box="[1290,1436,1643,1668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufioculus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92817F9C3FA0BF95C" box="[1290,1436,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. rufioculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described one year later by
<bibRefCitation id="E3334B49FFEFFFD92CC6F920FD7BF970" author="Komai" box="[475,748,1679,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Yamada, Y. (2011) A new species of the caridean genus Bresilia (Decapoda: Bresiliidae) discovered from a shallow-water submarine cave in Okinawa Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (A), Supplement 5, 71 - 82." type="book chapter" year="2011">Komai &amp; Yamada 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The second group (
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92EC1F93FFBF7F970" box="[988,1120,1679,1704]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92EC1F93FFBF7F970" box="[988,1120,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group) includes the
<typeStatus id="5819881AFFEFFFD92D8AF91BFF50F914" box="[151,199,1716,1740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92CA7F91BFDAAF914" box="[442,573,1715,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92CA7F91BFDAAF914" box="[442,573,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92F64F91BFD7DF913" box="[633,746,1716,1739]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsica">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92F64F91BFD7DF913" box="[633,746,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. corsica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: characters are the lack of a long epistomial process and of an exopodal flagellum on the first maxilliped, and a smooth, gently convex tergum of the third somite. The newly described
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92C16F953FE11F8CC" box="[267,390,1788,1812]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C16F953FE11F8CC" box="[267,390,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">B. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE557D1FFEFFFD92C92F954FE7CF8CB" box="[399,491,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92C92F954FE73F8CC" bold="true" box="[399,484,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
fulfills the second condition (i.e., no flagellum on exopod of first maxilliped), but possesses an epistomial spine (although not very long) and a moderately produced third tergite. It would therefore seem necessary to analyze other characters within the genus
<taxonomicName id="40A24D3BFFEFFFD92E27F8ECFC05F884" box="[826,914,1859,1884]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bresiliidae" genus="Bresilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D6EAAAFFEFFFD92E27F8ECFC05F884" box="[826,914,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">Bresilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in order to decide if the formal division of this taxa would be justified or not based on these characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:start id="910E44B2100E2EE05F4F61D7378027D7">37</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="EB01255ADF83ECE73F015FD230CBC4CD">
<mods:url id="32D01B48BEA93EF2BA180C27DD1FFF22">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2076.1.2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="339671B9D9A43C31567AB029BB0C7B0C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CAC9431BFEDA144DB66300C72EC156A3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2076.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="97EB93151D21B6A1E3BC773F2BBDD682" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FC48EA9765E1BE87026CBF08741C1CD5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5321268</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4211D9989C7B128B87AFF3468C8BF760" type="ZooBank">B8B682C9-2BA7-48C3-9806-59679FE6E942</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="CFBF65187419C137E4E812BBFD05FB00" box="[151,677,1218,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="871A36937419C137E4E812BBFD05FB00" blockId="3.[151,677,1218,1279]" box="[151,677,1218,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="DC5281FF7419C137E4E812BBFD05FB00" bold="true" box="[151,677,1218,1244]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="40A54D107419C137E4E812BBFD05FB00" ID-CoL="3Z8B2" authority="Trewavas 1935" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,677,1218,1244]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E4E812BBFD05FB00" bold="true" box="[151,677,1218,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E4E812BBFE44FB00" bold="true" box="[151,484,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3344B627419C137E59412BBFD05FB00" author="Trewavas" box="[491,677,1218,1244]" firstAuthor="Trewavas" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" pagination="65 - 118" refId="ref12504" refString="Trewavas, E. (1935) A synopsis of the cichlid fishes of Lake Nyasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10 (16), 65 - 118." type="journal article" year="1935">Trewavas 1935</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBF65187419C137E4E8129CFEC2FB23" box="[151,354,1253,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="871A36937419C137E4E8129CFEC2FB23" blockId="3.[151,677,1218,1279]" box="[151,354,1253,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9E2A167419C137E4E0129CFF55FB23" box="[159,245,1253,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[324,1289,200,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[265,1321,177,1809]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Preserved specimens of: a. Melanochromis vermivorus from Nkhudzi (PSU 4550, 69.5 mm SL); b. Melanochromis heterochromis from Thumbi East Island (PSU 4548, 56.4 mm SL); c. Melanochromis melanopterus from Thumbi East Island (PSU 4547, 62.6 mm SL); d. the holotype of Melanochromis mellitus from Mumbo Island (AMNH 35387, 79.4 mm SL)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321274/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="CA2703287419C137E57E129CFEF6FB23" box="[257,342,1253,1279]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,243,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic values of Melanochromis vermivorus from Nkhudzi, Malaŵi (n=18) and Boadzulu Island, Malaŵi (n=22)." pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBF65187419C137E4E81350FD26FA9C" box="[151,646,1321,1344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="871A36937419C137E4E81350FD26FA9C" blockId="3.[151,646,1321,1344]" box="[151,646,1321,1344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7B511BD7419C137E4E81350FD26FA9C" box="[151,646,1321,1344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitation id="060410827419C137E4E81350FD26FA9C" author="Trewavas, E." box="[151,646,1321,1344]" page="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="40A54D107419C137E4E81350FD26FA9C" ID-CoL="3Z8B2" authority="Trewavas 1935: 79" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,646,1321,1344]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E4E81350FE1CFA9C" box="[151,444,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3344B627419C137E5BD1350FD26FA9C" author="Trewavas" box="[450,646,1321,1344]" firstAuthor="Trewavas" page="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" pagination="65 - 118" refId="ref12504" refString="Trewavas, E. (1935) A synopsis of the cichlid fishes of Lake Nyasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10 (16), 65 - 118." type="journal article" year="1935">Trewavas 1935:79</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBF65187419C137E4E81316FE09FA22" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="871A36937419C137E4E81316FE09FA22" blockId="3.[151,1436,1391,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E4E81316FDA6FA55" bold="true" box="[151,518,1391,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Non-type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CD3CCE7419C137E6711309FC6CFA56" box="[526,972,1392,1418]" collectionCode="PSU" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="PSU 4550, 16" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="D7039EE87419C137E6711309FD2AFA56" box="[526,650,1392,1418]" collectionCode="PSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">PSU 4550</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D7039EE87419C137E6E81309FD17FA56" box="[663,695,1392,1418]" collectionCode="PSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">16</specimenCode>
, 53.0–76.0 mm SL and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="37CD3CCE7419C137E7AA1309FAAFFA6C" collectingDate="2004-10-10" collectionCode="AMNH" county="Konings" latitude="-14.162867" location="Mala" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.000183" municipality="Stauffer" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="AMNH 246007, 2" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="D7039EE87419C137E7AA1309FB32FA56" box="[981,1170,1392,1418]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">AMNH 246007</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D7039EE87419C137E0E01309FB10FA56" box="[1183,1200,1392,1418]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">2</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="405D9B767419C137E0C21309FAC9FA56" box="[1213,1385,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.609999999999999" metricValueMax="7.39" metricValueMin="5.83" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="66.1" valueMax="73.9" valueMin="58.3">58.3–73.9 mm</quantity>
SL;
<location id="827A60487419C137E4E813EFFF74FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F:827A60487419C137E4E813EFFF74FA6C" box="[151,212,1430,1456]" county="Konings" latitude="-14.162867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.000183" municipality="Stauffer" name="Mala" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Mala</location>
ẁi:
<location id="827A60487419C137E57E13EFFE22FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F:827A60487419C137E57E13EFFE22FA6C" box="[257,386,1430,1456]" county="Konings" latitude="-14.162867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.000183" municipality="Stauffer" name="Lake Mala" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Lake Mala</location>
ẁi:
<location id="827A60487419C137E5D013EFFDABFA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F:827A60487419C137E5D013EFFDABFA6C" box="[431,523,1430,1456]" county="Konings" latitude="-14.162867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.000183" municipality="Stauffer" name="Nkudzi" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Nkudzi</location>
:
<geoCoordinate id="E29150547419C137E66913EFFD0EFA6C" box="[534,686,1430,1456]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="9.772" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-14.162867">14° 9.772’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E29150547419C137E6C313EFFCF5FA6C" box="[700,853,1430,1456]" degrees="35" direction="east" minutes="0.011" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="35.000183">35° 0.011’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="677EACE97419C137E71C13EFFC61FA6C" box="[867,961,1430,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Stauffer</collectingMunicipality>
and
<collectingCounty id="6E7B4E1F7419C137E78313EFFBC3FA6C" box="[1020,1123,1430,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Konings</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="F31B10537419C137E00F13EFFAAFFA6C" box="[1136,1295,1430,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2004-10-10">
<collectingDate id="E35FE9BB7419C137E00F13EFFAAFFA6C" box="[1136,1295,1430,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2004-10-10">10 Oct. 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CD3CCE7419C137E16413EFFE04FA22" collectingDate="2004-10-21" collectionCode="PSU" county="Konings" latitude="-14.24725" location="Mala" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.142868" municipality="Stauffer" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="PSU 4554, 22" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="D7039EE87419C137E16413EFFA37FA6C" box="[1307,1431,1430,1456]" collectionCode="PSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">PSU 4554</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D7039EE87419C137E4E813C4FF18FA0B" box="[151,184,1469,1495]" collectionCode="PSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">22</specimenCode>
, 53.0–76.0 mm SL;
<location id="827A60487419C137E5CF13C4FE4DFA0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F:827A60487419C137E5CF13C4FE4DFA0B" box="[432,493,1469,1495]" county="Konings" latitude="-14.24725" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.142868" municipality="Stauffer" name="Mala" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Mala</location>
ẁi:
<location id="827A60487419C137E66213C4FD3FFA0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F:827A60487419C137E66213C4FD3FFA0B" box="[541,671,1469,1495]" county="Konings" latitude="-14.24725" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.142868" municipality="Stauffer" name="Lake Mala" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Lake Mala</location>
ẁi:
<location id="827A60487419C137E6B113C4FC38FA0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0C87857419C133E4E812BBFDCBFC9F:827A60487419C137E6B113C4FC38FA0B" box="[718,920,1469,1495]" county="Konings" latitude="-14.24725" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.142868" municipality="Stauffer" name="Boadzulu Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Boadzulu Island</location>
:
<geoCoordinate id="E29150547419C137E7DB13C4FBEEFA0B" box="[932,1102,1469,1495]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="14.835" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-14.24725">14° 14.835’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E29150547419C137E02213C4FB5BFA0B" box="[1117,1275,1469,1495]" degrees="35" direction="east" minutes="8.572" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="35.142868">35° 8.572’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="677EACE97419C137E17713C4FAC7FA0B" box="[1288,1383,1469,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Stauffer</collectingMunicipality>
and
<collectingCounty id="6E7B4E1F7419C137E4E8139DFF5DFA22" box="[151,253,1508,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Konings</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="F31B10537419C137E576139DFE04FA22" box="[265,420,1508,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2004-10-21">
<collectingDate id="E35FE9BB7419C137E576139DFE04FA22" box="[265,420,1508,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2004-10-21">21 Oct. 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBF65187419C137E4B91073FB7CF944" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="871A36937419C137E4B91073FB7CF944" blockId="3.[151,1436,1391,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E4B91073FEE6F9F8" bold="true" box="[198,326,1546,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A54D107419C137E5301072FD32F9F8" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[335,658,1547,1572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E5301072FD32F9F8" box="[335,658,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from its congeners that exhibit the reverse malefemale stripe coloration, except
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E66E1048FD7FF996" box="[529,735,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="40A54D107419C137E66E1048FD7BF996" box="[529,731,1585,1610]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">M. melanopterus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
by the yellow-brown to dark brown ground color (which is cream white to bright yellow in the other species) and from
<taxonomicName id="40A54D107419C137E7121021FB98F9AD" box="[877,1080,1624,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E7121021FB98F9AD" box="[877,1080,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a larger interorbital width (18.5–25.5 % vs. 16.6–20.6 % HL) and by a deeper head (80.5–99.4 % vs. 68.7–82.0 % HL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBF65187419C133E4B910DCFD2DFDD2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="871A36937419C137E4B910DCFD52F828" blockId="3.[151,1436,1391,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA817419C137E4B910DCFEFEF963" bold="true" box="[198,350,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric ratios and meristic values appear in
<tableCitation id="CA2703287419C137E79510DCFBE7F963" box="[1002,1095,1701,1727]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,243,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic values of Melanochromis vermivorus from Nkhudzi, Malaŵi (n=18) and Boadzulu Island, Malaŵi (n=22)." pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Moderate elongate species (mean BD 32.5% SL) with greatest body depth at about base of fourth dorsal spine. Dorsal body profile gradually curving to caudal peduncle; ventral body profile slightly convex anteriorly and gradually curving upward along base of anal fin. Dorsal head profile straight between snout tip and interorbital, making 40–45° angle with body axis, then rounding to dorsal fin origin; eye (mean 31.6% HL) larger than depth preorbital and positioned in anterior half of head with posterior orbit margin lying on or slightly posterior of vertical median of head. Snout long with isognathous jaws and somewhat thickened lips; teeth on lower jaw in 3–4 rows with outer row bicuspid and inner rows tricuspid. Teeth of lower pharyngeal bone well spaced with a sharp cusp; teeth of posterior row slightly enlarged.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DA661B741EC130E4E81153FEDBF875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321274/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" startId="4.[151,258,1834,1858]" targetBox="[324,1289,200,1785]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="871A3693741EC130E4E81153FEDBF875" blockId="4.[151,1436,1834,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741EC130E4E81153FE80F89E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1834,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Preserved specimens of: a.
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741EC130E61A1153FC3EF89D" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[613,926,1834,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741EC130E61A1153FC3EF89D" box="[613,926,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nkhudzi (PSU 4550, 69.5 mm SL); b.
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741EC130E4E81134FE7BF8B8" authorityName="Bowers and Stauffer" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,475,1869,1892]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterochromis">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741EC130E4E81134FE7BF8B8" box="[151,475,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Melanochromis heterochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Thumbi East Island (PSU 4548, 56.4 mm SL); c.
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741EC130E05B1134FAC2F8B8" box="[1060,1378,1869,1892]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741EC130E05B1134FAC2F8B8" box="[1060,1378,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Melanochromis melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Thumbi East Island (PSU 4547, 62.6 mm SL); d. the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741EC130E7271109FBFBF85B" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1976" box="[856,1115,1904,1927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mellitus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741EC130E7271109FBFBF85B" box="[856,1115,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Melanochromis mellitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mumbo Island (AMNH 35387, 79.4 mm SL).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3DA661B741FC131E4E816EEFE5AFF0D" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" startId="5.[151,243,151,175]">
<paragraph id="871A3693741FC131E4E816EEFE5AFF0D" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,209]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741FC131E4E816EEFEB0FF73" bold="true" box="[151,272,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic values of
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741FC131E6B216E1FBA5FF73" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[717,1029,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741FC131E6B216E1FBA5FF73" box="[717,1029,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nkhudzi, Malaŵi (n=18) and Boadzulu Island, Malaŵi (n=22).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871A3693741FC131E4E01694FB36F873" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<table id="F5A5C433741F3ECBE4E01694FB5CF873" box="[159,1276,237,1967]" colsContinueIn="6.[159,1276,207,529]" gridcols="4" gridrows="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01694FB5CFED8" box="[159,1276,237,260]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01694FDB7FED8" box="[159,535,237,260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741FC131E4E01694FE64FED8" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[159,452,237,260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741FC131E4E01694FE64FED8" box="[159,452,237,260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281694FD32FED8" box="[599,658,237,260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">mean</th>
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541694FC68FED8" box="[811,968,237,260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Nkhudzi range</th>
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1694FB5CFED8" box="[1108,1276,237,260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Boadzulu range</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01761FB5CFEF3" box="[159,1276,280,303]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01761FDB7FEF3" box="[159,535,280,303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Standard length, mm</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281761FD32FEF3" box="[599,658,280,303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">65.9</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541761FC68FEF3" box="[811,968,280,303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">53.0–76.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1761FB5CFEF3" box="[1108,1276,280,303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">56.2–84.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0173BFB5CFE85" box="[159,1276,322,345]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0173BFDB7FE85" box="[159,535,322,345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Head length, mm</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628173BFD32FE85" box="[599,658,322,345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">22.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754173BFC68FE85" box="[811,968,322,345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">17.8–25.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B173BFB5CFE85" box="[1108,1276,322,345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">18.8–28.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01714FB5CFE58" box="[159,1276,365,388]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01714FB5CFE58" box="[159,1276,365,388]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Percent standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E017E1FB5CFE73" box="[159,1276,408,431]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E017E1FDB7FE73" box="[159,535,408,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Head length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62817E1FD32FE73" box="[599,658,408,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">33.7</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75417E1FC68FE73" box="[811,968,408,431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32.6–34.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B17E1FB5CFE73" box="[1108,1276,408,431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32.7–36.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E017BBFB5CFE05" box="[159,1276,450,473]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E017BBFDB7FE05" box="[159,535,450,473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Body depth</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62817BBFD32FE05" box="[599,658,450,473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75417BBFC68FE05" box="[811,968,450,473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">28.6–33.3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B17BBFB5CFE05" box="[1108,1276,450,473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">30.6–37.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01794FB5CFDD8" box="[159,1276,493,516]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01794FDB7FDD8" box="[159,535,493,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Snout to dorsal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281794FD32FDD8" box="[599,658,493,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">35.3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541794FC68FDD8" box="[811,968,493,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">33.3–36.9</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1794FB5CFDD8" box="[1108,1276,493,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">33.2–38.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01461FB5CFDF3" box="[159,1276,536,559]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01461FDB7FDF3" box="[159,535,536,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Snout to pelvic</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281461FD32FDF3" box="[599,658,536,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">37.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541461FC68FDF3" box="[811,968,536,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">31.0–39.1</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1461FB5CFDF3" box="[1108,1276,536,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">36.3–41.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0143BFB5CFD85" box="[159,1276,578,601]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0143BFDB7FD85" box="[159,535,578,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Dorsal base length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628143BFD32FD85" box="[599,658,578,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">57.9</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754143BFC68FD85" box="[811,968,578,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">54.7–58.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B143BFB5CFD85" box="[1108,1276,578,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">56.4–61.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01414FB5CFD58" box="[159,1276,621,644]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01414FDB7FD58" box="[159,535,621,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anterior dorsal to anterior anal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281414FD32FD58" box="[599,658,621,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">48.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541414FC68FD58" box="[811,968,621,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">45.7–48.7</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1414FB5CFD58" box="[1108,1276,621,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">43.3–53.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E014E1FB5CFD73" box="[159,1276,664,687]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E014E1FDB7FD73" box="[159,535,664,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anterior dorsal to posterior anal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62814E1FD32FD73" box="[599,658,664,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">61.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75414E1FC68FD73" box="[811,968,664,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">57.8–61.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B14E1FB5CFD73" box="[1108,1276,664,687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">59.7–64.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E014BBFB5CFD05" box="[159,1276,706,729]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E014BBFDB7FD05" box="[159,535,706,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Posterior dorsal to anterior anal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62814BBFD32FD05" box="[599,658,706,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">28.9</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75414BBFC68FD05" box="[811,968,706,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">27.1–29.4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B14BBFB5CFD05" box="[1108,1276,706,729]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">26.5–31.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01494FB5CFCD8" box="[159,1276,749,772]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01494FDB7FCD8" box="[159,535,749,772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Posterior dorsal to posterior anal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281494FD32FCD8" box="[599,658,749,772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15.3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541494FC68FCD8" box="[811,968,749,772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">13.3–16.3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1494FB5CFCD8" box="[1108,1276,749,772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">14.5–16.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01561FB5CFCF3" box="[159,1276,792,815]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01561FDB7FCF3" box="[159,535,792,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Posterior dorsal to ventral caudal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281561FD32FCF3" box="[599,658,792,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">18.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541561FC68FCF3" box="[811,968,792,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">17.7–20.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1561FB5CFCF3" box="[1108,1276,792,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">16.9–20.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0153BFB5CFC85" box="[159,1276,834,857]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0153BFDB7FC85" box="[159,535,834,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Posterior anal to dorsal caudal</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628153BFD32FC85" box="[599,658,834,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20.4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754153BFC68FC85" box="[811,968,834,857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">19.1–21.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B153BFB5CFC85" box="[1108,1276,834,857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">19.2–22.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01514FB5CFC58" box="[159,1276,877,900]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01514FDB7FC58" box="[159,535,877,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anterior dorsal to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281514FD32FC58" box="[599,658,877,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541514FC68FC58" box="[811,968,877,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">27.2–32.9</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1514FB5CFC58" box="[1108,1276,877,900]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">30.6–38.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E015E1FB5CFC73" box="[159,1276,920,943]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E015E1FDB7FC73" box="[159,535,920,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Posterior dorsal to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62815E1FD32FC73" box="[599,658,920,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">55.3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75415E1FC68FC73" box="[811,968,920,943]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">49.4–61.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B15E1FB5CFC73" box="[1108,1276,920,943]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">48.8–59.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E015BBFB5CFC05" box="[159,1276,962,985]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E015BBFDB7FC05" box="[159,535,962,985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62815BBFD32FC05" box="[599,658,962,985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">13.4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75415BBFC68FC05" box="[811,968,962,985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">12.7–14.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B15BBFB5CFC05" box="[1108,1276,962,985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">11.0–14.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01594FB5CFBD8" box="[159,1276,1005,1028]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01594FDB7FBD8" box="[159,535,1005,1028]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Least caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281594FD32FBD8" box="[599,658,1005,1028]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">11.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541594FC68FBD8" box="[811,968,1005,1028]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10.2–12.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1594FB5CFBD8" box="[1108,1276,1005,1028]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">11.1–13.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01261FB5CFBF3" box="[159,1276,1048,1071]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01261FDB7FBF3" box="[159,535,1048,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Pectoral fin length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281261FD32FBF3" box="[599,658,1048,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">26.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541261FC68FBF3" box="[811,968,1048,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">24.5–31.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1261FB5CFBF3" box="[1108,1276,1048,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">22.1–25.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0123BFB5CFB85" box="[159,1276,1090,1113]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0123BFDB7FB85" box="[159,535,1090,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Pelvic fin length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628123BFD32FB85" box="[599,658,1090,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">25.1</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754123BFC68FB85" box="[811,968,1090,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20.4–24.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B123BFB5CFB85" box="[1108,1276,1090,1113]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">19.4–34.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01214FB5CFB58" box="[159,1276,1133,1156]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01214FB5CFB58" box="[159,1276,1133,1156]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Percent head length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E012E1FB5CFB73" box="[159,1276,1176,1199]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E012E1FDB7FB73" box="[159,535,1176,1199]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Snout length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62812E1FD32FB73" box="[599,658,1176,1199]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">31.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75412E1FC68FB73" box="[811,968,1176,1199]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">28.3–35.1</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B12E1FB5CFB73" box="[1108,1276,1176,1199]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">25.0–35.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E012BBFB5CFB05" box="[159,1276,1218,1241]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E012BBFDB7FB05" box="[159,535,1218,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Postorbital head length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62812BBFD32FB05" box="[599,658,1218,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">44.4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75412BBFC68FB05" box="[811,968,1218,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">41.9–47.1</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B12BBFB5CFB05" box="[1108,1276,1218,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">41.7–46.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01294FB5CFAD8" box="[159,1276,1261,1284]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01294FDB7FAD8" box="[159,535,1261,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281294FD32FAD8" box="[599,658,1261,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">31.6</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541294FC68FAD8" box="[811,968,1261,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">29.3–34.4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1294FB5CFAD8" box="[1108,1276,1261,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">29.5–35.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01361FB5CFAF3" box="[159,1276,1304,1327]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01361FDB7FAF3" box="[159,535,1304,1327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Vertical eye diameter</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281361FD32FAF3" box="[599,658,1304,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">31.7</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541361FC68FAF3" box="[811,968,1304,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">29.9–35.3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1361FB5CFAF3" box="[1108,1276,1304,1327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">29.7–35.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0133BFB5CFA85" box="[159,1276,1346,1369]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0133BFDB7FA85" box="[159,535,1346,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Head depth</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628133BFD32FA85" box="[599,658,1346,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">89.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754133BFC68FA85" box="[811,968,1346,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">80.5–91.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B133BFB5CFA85" box="[1108,1276,1346,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">83.5–99.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01314FB5CFA58" box="[159,1276,1389,1412]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01314FDB7FA58" box="[159,535,1389,1412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Preorbital depth</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281314FD32FA58" box="[599,658,1389,1412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20.4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541314FC68FA58" box="[811,968,1389,1412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">17.8–26.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1314FB5CFA58" box="[1108,1276,1389,1412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">13.3–24.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E013E1FB5CFA73" box="[159,1276,1432,1455]" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E013E1FDB7FA73" box="[159,535,1432,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Cheek depth</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62813E1FD32FA73" box="[599,658,1432,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">27.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75413E1FC68FA73" box="[811,968,1432,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">28.2–36.2</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B13E1FB5CFA73" box="[1108,1276,1432,1455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20.6–30.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E013BBFB5CFA05" box="[159,1276,1474,1497]" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E013BBFDB7FA05" box="[159,535,1474,1497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Lower jaw length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62813BBFD32FA05" box="[599,658,1474,1497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">37.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75413BBFC68FA05" box="[811,968,1474,1497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">35.8–41.5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B13BBFB5CFA05" box="[1108,1276,1474,1497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32.0–40.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01394FB5CF9D8" box="[159,1276,1517,1540]" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01394FDB7F9D8" box="[159,535,1517,1540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281394FD32F9D8" box="[599,658,1517,1540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">22.1</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541394FC68F9D8" box="[811,968,1517,1540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20.1–23.8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1394FB5CF9D8" box="[1108,1276,1517,1540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">18.5–25.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01061FB5CF9F3" box="[159,1276,1560,1583]" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01061FDB7F9F3" box="[159,535,1560,1583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Premaxillary length</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281061FD32F9F3" box="[599,658,1560,1583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">26.1</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541061FC68F9F3" box="[811,968,1560,1583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">22.4–30.0</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1061FB5CF9F3" box="[1108,1276,1560,1583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">22.3–29.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0103BFB5CF985" box="[159,1276,1602,1625]" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0103BFDB7F985" box="[159,535,1602,1625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Meristics</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628103BFD32F985" box="[599,658,1602,1625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">mode</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754103BFC68F985" box="[811,968,1602,1625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">range</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B103BFB5CF985" box="[1108,1276,1602,1625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">range</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01014FB5CF958" box="[159,1276,1645,1668]" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01014FDB7F958" box="[159,535,1645,1668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Dorsal fin spines</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281014FD32F958" box="[599,658,1645,1668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">17</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541014FC68F958" box="[811,968,1645,1668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">16–18</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1014FB5CF958" box="[1108,1276,1645,1668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">16–18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E010E1FB5CF973" box="[159,1276,1688,1711]" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E010E1FDB7F973" box="[159,535,1688,1711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Dorsal fin rays</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62810E1FD32F973" box="[599,658,1688,1711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75410E1FC68F973" box="[811,968,1688,1711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">7–9</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B10E1FB5CF973" box="[1108,1276,1688,1711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E010BBFB5CF905" box="[159,1276,1730,1753]" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E010BBFDB7F905" box="[159,535,1730,1753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anal fin spines</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62810BBFD32F905" box="[599,658,1730,1753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75410BBFC68F905" box="[811,968,1730,1753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B10BBFB5CF905" box="[1108,1276,1730,1753]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01094FB5CF8D8" box="[159,1276,1773,1796]" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01094FDB7F8D8" box="[159,535,1773,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anal fin rays</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281094FD32F8D8" box="[599,658,1773,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">7</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541094FC68F8D8" box="[811,968,1773,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">7–8</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1094FB5CF8D8" box="[1108,1276,1773,1796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">7–8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01161FB5CF8F3" box="[159,1276,1816,1839]" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01161FDB7F8F3" box="[159,535,1816,1839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Pectoral fin rays</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281161FD32F8F3" box="[599,658,1816,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">13</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541161FC68F8F3" box="[811,968,1816,1839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">12–14</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1161FB5CF8F3" box="[1108,1276,1816,1839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">12–14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E0113BFB5CF885" box="[159,1276,1858,1881]" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E0113BFDB7F885" box="[159,535,1858,1881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Pelvic fin rays</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE628113BFD32F885" box="[599,658,1858,1881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE754113BFC68F885" box="[811,968,1858,1881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">5–6</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B113BFB5CF885" box="[1108,1276,1858,1881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E01114FB5CF858" box="[159,1276,1901,1924]" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E01114FDB7F858" box="[159,535,1901,1924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Caudal fin rays</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE6281114FD32F858" box="[599,658,1901,1924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">17</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE7541114FC68F858" box="[811,968,1901,1924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">16–18</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B1114FB5CF858" box="[1108,1276,1901,1924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">16–18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741F3ECBE4E011E1FB5CF873" box="[159,1276,1944,1967]" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE4E011E1FDB7F873" box="[159,535,1944,1967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Lateral line scales</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE62811E1FD32F873" box="[599,658,1944,1967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE75411E1FC68F873" box="[811,968,1944,1967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">30–33</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741F3ECBE02B11E1FB5CF873" box="[1108,1276,1944,1967]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">31–33</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871A3693741FC131E09611BBFA35F805" blockId="5.[1257,1429,1986,2009]" box="[1257,1429,1986,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<tableNote id="7A43371D741FC131E09611BBFA35F805" box="[1257,1429,1986,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[159,1276,237,1967]" targetPageId="5">to be continued.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DA661B741CC132E4E016E6FE33FF6B" box="[159,403,159,183]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" startId="6.[159,249,159,183]">
<paragraph id="871A3693741CC132E4E016E6FE33FF6B" blockId="6.[159,403,159,183]" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E4E016E6FEB2FF6B" bold="true" box="[159,274,159,183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
(continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871A3693741CC132E4E016A9FBDCFDCD" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<table id="F5A5C433741C3ECBE4E016B6FB5CFDCD" box="[159,1276,207,529]" colsContinueFrom="5.[159,1276,237,1967]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E016B6FB5CFF3B" box="[159,1276,207,231]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E016B6FE7AFF3B" box="[159,474,207,231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741CC132E4E016A9FE64FF3B" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[159,452,208,231]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E4E016A9FE64FF3B" box="[159,452,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE62816B6FD30FF3B" box="[599,656,207,231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">mean</th>
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE75416B6FC68FF3B" box="[811,968,207,231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Nkhudzi range</th>
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B16B6FB5CFF3B" box="[1108,1276,207,231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Boadzulu range</th>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E01683FB5CFECD" box="[159,1276,250,273]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E01683FE7AFECD" box="[159,474,250,273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Pored scales post lateral line</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE6281683FD30FECD" box="[599,656,250,273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE7541683FC68FECD" box="[811,968,250,273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">2–5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B1683FB5CFECD" box="[1108,1276,250,273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">2–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E0175CFB5CFEE0" box="[159,1276,293,316]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E0175CFE7AFEE0" box="[159,474,293,316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Scale row cheek</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE628175CFD30FEE0" box="[599,656,293,316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE754175CFC68FEE0" box="[811,968,293,316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">1–5</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B175CFB5CFEE0" box="[1108,1276,293,316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E01736FB5CFEBA" box="[159,1276,335,358]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E01736FE7AFEBA" box="[159,474,335,358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Gillrakers 1st ceratobranchial</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE6281736FD30FEBA" box="[599,656,335,358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">10</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE7541736FC68FEBA" box="[811,968,335,358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">9–10</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B1736FB5CFEBA" box="[1108,1276,335,358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">9–12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E01703FB5CFE4D" box="[159,1276,378,401]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E01703FE7AFE4D" box="[159,474,378,401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Gillrakers 1st epibranchial</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE6281703FD30FE4D" box="[599,656,378,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE7541703FC68FE4D" box="[811,968,378,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B1703FB5CFE4D" box="[1108,1276,378,401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3–4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E017DCFB5CFE60" box="[159,1276,421,444]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E017DCFE7AFE60" box="[159,474,421,444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Teeth outer left lower jaw</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE62817DCFD30FE60" box="[599,656,421,444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">12</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE75417DCFC68FE60" box="[811,968,421,444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">9–12</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B17DCFB5CFE60" box="[1108,1276,421,444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">8–14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E017B6FB5CFE3A" box="[159,1276,463,486]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E017B6FE7AFE3A" box="[159,474,463,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Teeth row upper jaw</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE62817B6FD30FE3A" box="[599,656,463,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE75417B6FC68FE3A" box="[811,968,463,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3–4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B17B6FB5CFE3A" box="[1108,1276,463,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">2–4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="399534D1741C3ECBE4E01783FB5CFDCD" box="[159,1276,506,529]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<th id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE4E01783FE7AFDCD" box="[159,474,506,529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Teeth rows lower jaw</th>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE6281783FD30FDCD" box="[599,656,506,529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE7541783FC68FDCD" box="[811,968,506,529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">3–4</td>
<td id="7A445DAD741C3ECBE02B1783FB5CFDCD" box="[1108,1276,506,529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">2–4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3DA661B741CC132E4E813E6FE13FA20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321276/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" startId="6.[151,254,1439,1463]" targetBox="[239,1343,599,1416]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="871A3693741CC132E4E813E6FE13FA20" blockId="6.[151,1437,1439,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E4E813E6FEB8FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,280,1439,1463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Plot of the first principal component of the meristic data (PC1) and the second sheared principal component of the morphometric data (PC2) of
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741CC132E67413BAFCE9FA06" box="[523,841,1475,1498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E67413BAFCE9FA06" box="[523,841,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Melanochromis melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741CC132E70413BAFB96FA06" authorityName="Bowers and Stauffer" authorityYear="1993" box="[891,1078,1475,1498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterochromis">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E70413BAFB96FA06" box="[891,1078,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M. heterochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Thumbi East Island, and
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741CC132E10013BAFEAFFA20" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E10013BAFEAFFA20" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M. vermivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nkhudzi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="871A3693741CC132E4BA1053FCDEF88A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1578,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
Dorsal fin with XVI–XVIII (mode XVII) spines and 7–9 (mode 8) soft rays. Anal fin with III spines and 7 or 8 (mode 7) soft rays. First 6–8 dorsal spines gradually increasing in length posteriorly with first spine less than 1/3 length of eighth spine; last 10 spines slightly increasing in length posteriorly with last spine longest; soft dorsal with rounded or subacuminate tip, third or fourth ray longest, not or about reaching base of caudal fin. Anal spines progressively increasing in length posteriorly; fourth or fifth ray longest, reaching to about base of caudal fin, slightly longer than dorsal in males. Caudal fin subtruncate to emarginate. Pelvic fin not reaching anal fin in females; reaching first to second anal spine in males. Pectoral fin rounded, paddle-shaped, short, reaching vertical through base of 10
<superScript id="70D09BDB741CC132E6F91140FD32F89B" attach="left" box="[646,658,1849,1863]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">th</superScript>
or 11
<superScript id="70D09BDB741CC132E6A91140FD42F89B" attach="left" box="[726,738,1849,1863]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">th</superScript>
dorsal spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871A3693741CC132E4BA111AFCBEF816" blockId="6.[151,1436,1578,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Flank scales large, ctenoid; abrupt difference to small scales on breast and belly; cheek with 1–7 rows of small scales. Upper branch of lateral line with 19–29 pored scales; lower branch 8–11. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless; small scales over proximal half of caudal fin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871A3693741CC133E4BA11AEFB81FEAF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1578,2033]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,835]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741CC132E4BA11AEFEF3F82D" bold="true" box="[197,339,2007,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Coloration.</emphasis>
Breeding males: head dark blue/black with two, faintly marked light blue interorbital bands; cheek and gular region blue/black; nape gray/blue. Body dark blue/black with distinct blue midlateral stripe and less distinct blue dorso-lateral stripe; dorsum gray/blue overlain with irregular black markings; caudal peduncle dark blue/black with blue midlateral stripe; belly and breast dark blue/black. Dorsal fin light blue with light blue lappets. Caudal fin dark blue/black membranes and light-blue rays; narrow yellow trailing edge. Anal fin black, with 1–4 orange/yellow ocelli and light blue ventral border. Pelvic fins black with light blue leading margin. Pectoral fins with gray/black rays and clear membranes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871A3693741DC133E4BA17F9FD2DFDD2" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Females: head yellow brown/dark brown with gray/brown gular region. Body yellow brown/dark brown with black midlateral and dorso-lateral stripe. Dorsal, caudal, and anal fins gray/brown with broad yellow/ light brown trailing edge. Pelvic fins brown with narrow white/light blue leading margin. Pectoral fins with brown rays and yellow-brown membranes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBF6518741DC133E4BA1463FDCBFC9F" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="871A3693741DC133E4BA1463FDCBFC9F" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741DC133E4BA1463FD20FDE8" bold="true" box="[197,640,538,564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Distribution and field observations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741DC133E6F71463FC6BFDEF" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[648,971,538,563]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741DC133E6F71463FC6BFDEF" box="[648,971,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Melanochromis vermivorus</emphasis>
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is a rare occurrence in the shallow (&lt;
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deep) intermediate habitat at Nkhudzi, Mphande, and Boadzulu islands, but also, even less common, at deeper levels (
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) at Makokola Reef (
<figureCitation id="1F9E2A16741DC133E6D51411FD50FD5E" box="[682,752,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,265,1688,1714]" captionTargetBox="[537,1052,275,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[536,1052,274,1662]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Lake Malaẁi with localities mentioned in the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321270/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Males in breeding coloration are uncommon, and none were seen that defended a breeding territory. The species is attracted to disturbed sediment and appeared to have a mostly opportunistic feeding behavior (stomach analyses were not performed). In this respect, it resembles
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741DC133E56314A5FE4FFD29" box="[284,495,732,757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741DC133E56314A5FE4FFD29" box="[284,495,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
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with which it was never sympatric in our observations and collections. Its distribution lies south of Kanchedza Island in the southeastern arm of the lake, and it has never been found sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="40A54D10741DC133E5321550FDBBFC9E" authorityName="Bowers and Stauffer" authorityYear="1993" box="[333,539,809,834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterochromis">
<emphasis id="B5D1EA81741DC133E5321550FDBBFC9E" box="[333,539,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">M. heterochromis</emphasis>
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either.
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Fig. 16
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
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Body length 6.6/6.3 mm, width 2.75 mm. Almost black, pronotum and head dark brown, with clypeus reddish, labrum, mouthparts, antennae and legs
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="39" start="start">uniform</pageBreakToken>
red; reflexed side margin of elytra and pronotum behind the middle reddish. Head and pronotum with a moderately deep isodiametric microsculpture resulting in both, especially pronotum, shining, latter due chiefly to a wide longitudinal band of a much weaker microsculpture occupying middle third of pronotum. Elytral microsculpture composed of strongly transverse but distinct meshes, cross-striated sculpture very weak and restricted to elytral base only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="39">Eyes rather strongly reduced in size and flattened; posterior supraorbital seta situated level to about 1/3 distance between eye back margin and pronotal front margin. Frontal foveae shallow. Antennae surpassing pronotal base by last 1.5 joints, 3rd antennomere 1.6 times as long as 2nd, 8th 2.2 times as long as wide.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="39">Pronotum rather flat, 1.34 times as wide as long, 1.46 as wide as head, with protruding front angles, slightly narrowing basad, moderately widely rounded on sides, broadest before middle, indistinctly sinuate before hind angles; reflexed side border narrow, a little wider basad. Base almost straight, medially unbordered, with medial part slightly broader than lateral lobes, these very strongly oblique towards almost indistinct hind angles. Mid-line moderately deep, slightly deeper where adjoining a sharp and deep basal transverse depression; basal foveae fairly deep, weakly extending forward, externally limited by a small and flat tubercle. Paramedian foveae lengthwise, superficial, situated at middle.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="40" start="start">Elytra</pageBreakToken>
rather flat, widely oval, 1.30 times as long as wide, 1.70 times as wide as pronotum, broadest at about middle, with shoulders strongly rounded, apical truncature slightly sinuate between rounded outer angles and elytral apices, these separate a little, due to their rounded tips. Elytral striae deep, intervals convex. D2/EL=0.42-0.44, D3/EL=0.91-0.92. Umbilicate series of setigerous pores uninterrupted. Metepisternum 0.9 times as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">Last tarsomere only with distal pair of ventral setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">Similar to the preceding species, differing well in the smaller body, the peculiar shape of the pronotum, as well as in the meshed microsculpture of the elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">
Holotype, ♀ (ZISP), labelled: &quot;Vietnam, NW [of] Mt. Ridge / Tam Dao Son Zuong / 300 m [a s l.] / 20.2.1962 / Kabakov&quot; [handwritten micrograph in Russian]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“HOLOTYPE/…”">&quot;HOLOTYPE/...&quot;</normalizedToken>
[red typewritten].
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">Type locality:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">Name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="40">The species is named in the memory of the late O. N. Kabakov, an outstanding geologist and coleopterologist from St. Petersburg, who, in addition, collected the holotype.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A4B9813C-BC1A-4623-BF38-1B571143ECDC" authority="Arias-Penna, sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles grantgentryi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grantgentryi">Glyptapanteles grantgentryi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Body length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" unit="mm" value="288.0">2.88 mm</quantity>
, antenna length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" unit="mm" value="358.0">3.58 mm</quantity>
, fore wing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" unit="mm" value="333.0">3.33 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456367998" collectingDate="2005-05-03" collectingDateMax="2005-05-27" collectingDateMin="2005-05-03" collectionCode="PUCE" collectorName="Harold Greeney" country="Ecuador" elevation="2" latitude="-0.566667" location="Yanayacu Road" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.86667" municipality="Yanayacu Biological Station" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; EC-2645, YY-A147;
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Napo">Napo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Yanayacu Biological Station</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0CE2A9B5FFD16D0F556C5586E53297:F0B1E15F4CE83A3281D7F353EDE381EA" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.566667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.86667" municipality="Yanayacu Biological Station" name="Yanayacu Road" stateProvince="Napo">Yanayacu Road</location>
; cloud forest;
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2.1">
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2.1">2,100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.566667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.566667">- 0.566667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77.866667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.86667">-77.866667</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2005-05-03">
<collectingDate value="2005-05-03">03.v.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>Harold Greeney</collectorName>
leg.; cocoon formed on
<date value="2005-05-16">
<collectingDate value="2005-05-16">16.v.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
; adult parasitoids emerged on
<date value="2005-05-27">
<collectingDate value="2005-05-27">27.v.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
; (
<collectionCode>PUCE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368001" collectingDate="2005-05-26" collectingDateMax="2005-05-27" collectingDateMin="2005-05-03" collectionCode="PUCE" collectorName="Harold Greeney" country="Ecuador" elevation="2" latitude="-0.566667" location="Yanayacu Road" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.86667" municipality="Yanayacu Biological Station" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
• 1 (0
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
) (0
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); EC-2645, YY-A147; same data as for holotype; (
<collectionCode>PUCE</collectionCode>
). 3 (
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
) (0
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
); EC-2644, YY-A073; same data as for
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
except: cocoons formed on
<date value="2005-05-26">
<collectingDate value="2005-05-26">26.v.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
; (
<collectionCode>PUCE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vertex in lateral view pointed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94C</figureCitation>
), frons smooth, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94E</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, metasoma laterally compressed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94A</figureCitation>
), median area on T2 broader than long (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94G</figureCitation>
), lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition on T2 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94G</figureCitation>
), petiole on T1 parallel-sided in proximal half, then narrowing (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94G, H</figureCitation>
) and finely sculptured (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94G</figureCitation>
), propodeum without a median longitudinal dent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94F</figureCitation>
), and fore wing with r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 94" startId="F93">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 94.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles grantgentryi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grantgentryi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glyptapanteles grantgentryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. female EC-2645 YY-A147
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D</emphasis>
Head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Mesonotum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
T1-3, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, J</emphasis>
Metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
Wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
Fore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
Hind.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coloration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">
Fig. 94
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). General body coloration brown-black, scape and all antennal flagellomeres (on both sides) brown; pedicel brown with an distal narrow yellow-brown ring; labrum light brown; mandible yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow; propleuron light brown with a tiny yellow-brown distal-ventral spot; dorsal and ventral furrows of pronotum somewhat lighter than mesosoma coloration. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown claws; hind legs yellow except black coxae with apex yellow, femora with a tiny brown area at the apex, tibiae with both ends brown, and tarsomeres brown, although basitarsus with a proximal yellow ring. Petiole on T1 black and sublateral ends yellow; T2 with median area black, adjacent area brown and lateral ends yellow with two elongate spots one on each side; T3 mostly brown although lateral ends with proximal half yellow/yellow-brown; T4 and beyond completely black; distally each tergum with a narrow yellow/whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3-4 yellow, but dorsally brown; T5 and beyond completely dark brown. S1 proximal half brown, distal half yellow; S2-3 completely yellow; S4 yellow, medially brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">
Fig. 94
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.24:0.06, 0.26:0.06, 0.25:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.15:0,05, 0.10:0.05), antenna longer than body (3.58, 2.88); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so with dense fine punctations, interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate, interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94A, E, F, I</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces smooth. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with
<collectionCode>BS</collectionCode>
, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed;
<collectionCode>BS</collectionCode>
not overlapping the
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7hds-psx6" name="Milwaukee Public Museum" type="Museum">MPM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode>ATS</collectionCode>
demilune with quite a little complete parallel carinae; dorsal
<collectionCode>ATS</collectionCode>
groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation wih large and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with
<collectionCode country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
wider than
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
(clearly differentiated);
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7hds-psx6" name="Milwaukee Public Museum" type="Museum">MPM</collectionCode>
circular without median longitudinal carina;
<collectionCode>AFM</collectionCode>
with a small lobe and not as well delineated as
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half slightly rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and distinct; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs.</emphasis>
Ventral margin of fore telotarsus excavated with conspicuous curved seta over this excavation, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.09). Hind coxa with very finely punctate throughout, and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.25, 0.21), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.23, 0.12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94K, L</figureCitation>
). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 94. Glyptapanteles grantgentryi sp. nov. female EC- 2645 YY-A 147 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure94">Fig. 94A, G, H, J</figureCitation>
). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured throughout, parallel-sided in proximal half and then narrowing (length 0.37, maximum width 0.19, minimum width 0.09), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area with little sculpture, median area broader than long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.25, minimum width 0.07); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.20, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cocoons.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In females the hypopygium (S6) is the only sternum that is completely dark, penultimate sternum (S5) is yellow-brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The coloration is similar to female, except that colored adjacent area on T2 is not extensive and the two elongate spots are not noticeable, and besides T3 and beyond are completely brown. The body coloration is slightly darker than females and the hind tibia looks completely dark.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Grant Gentry is an American biologist with interests in tritrophic interactions, tropical caterpillars, and efficacies of lepidopteran larval defenses against parasitoids, with an emphasis on chemical defenses derived from food plants. He works at Samford University, Birmingham, AL,
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Parasitized caterpillar was collected in
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Napo">Napo</collectingRegion>
, Yanayacu Biological Station (Yanayacu Road), during
<date value="2005-05">May 2005</date>
at
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2.1">2,100 m</quantity>
in cloud forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Undetermined species of
<taxonomicName family="Notodontidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Myriocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myriocarpa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myriocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Urticaceae" lsidName="Vespoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
). Caterpillar instar was not reported.
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109
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="141">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Crambidae</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="Viette, 1981" authorityName="Viette" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes raondry" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raondry">Leucinodes raondry (Viette, 1981)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="141">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="141">Madagascar, Sambirano, Tsaratanana, Haut Sambirano, Besanetrikely Valley.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="141">Remarks.</paragraph>
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This species was described in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Daraba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Daraba" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Walker, 1859, a genus that has previously been synonymised with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
, 1854 by
<bibRefCitation author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="151" pagination="172 - 291" title="A revision of the moths of the subfamily Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae. Part II." volume="1899" year="1899">Hampson (1899)</bibRefCitation>
. The type specimen of
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(Viette, 1981), comb. n. from Madagascar could not be traced at MNHN. According to the original description and the illustration of the species given therein (
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), this species agrees with the diagnostic wing pattern elements of
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, and we therefore consider it as correctly placed in this genus. It differs from
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in the larger size, the more ochreous grey tone and the reduced half moon-shaped subapical patch of the forewings (
<bibRefCitation author="Viette, P" journalOrPublisher="Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="36" pageNumber="153" pagination="315 - 319" title="Nouvelles pyrales de Madagascar (Lepidoptera)." volume="11" year="1981">Viette 1981</bibRefCitation>
). None of the species described here as new have the prominent dark subapical patch in the hindwings of
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, so that conspecifity with any of them can be ruled out.
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<figureCitation id="1F9F2A09FFB0FFD69FEBD59FFF34FB12" box="[151,252,1153,1180]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1761,1785]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1404,181,1846]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1397,576,1723]" captionTargetBox-2="[244,1344,181,1738]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1436,417,1420]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@7.[183,1404,181,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-219@8.[191,1397,556,1737]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@9.[242,1346,181,1738]" captionTargetId-3="figure-142@11.[151,1436,417,1420]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. tubes. A—Cluster of tubes from mangroves at Lim Chu Lang end (photographed ex situ); B, C—Top view of individual tubes; D–F—Cross-sectional views of tubes, showing variation in shapes of tube mouths and lumina: sub-trapezoidal cross-section (D–F), ovoid lumen (D) and circular lumen (E–F); G—Top view of tube with winglike keel structures; inset figure shows cross-sectional view of tube; H—Lateral keels that run along sides of tube of paratype ZRC.ANN.0481 (indicated by red arrows). Scale bars—A: 5 mm, B–H (including inset figure): 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Radiolar crown in Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. specimens. A—Top view of radiolar crown in paratype (ZRC. ANN.0482), showing circular arrangement of radioles; B, D—Radiolar crown with alternating black and cream-coloured bands at the base. The translucent, free ends of the radioles take on the colouration of underlying golden-brown pinnules. Red pigmented spots are mostly arranged in pairs on each radiole; C, H—Lateral views of complete holotype of S. bakau sp. nov. (ZRC.ANN.0480). Image was taken prior to excision of posterior abdominal segments for molecular studies. Evidence of sperm release in C (white arrow), indicating that the specimen is a male; E—Greyish bands alternating with black bands at base of radioles; F—Pinnules near tips are of brownish colouration; G—Distal end of radiolar base in paratype (ZRC.ANN.0481) with peach colouration (white arrow), which extends into inter-radiolar membrane. Scale bars—A–B, D–G: 0.5 mm, C, H: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Structural variation in opercular peduncles and talons in specimens of Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov.. A—Dorsal view of specimen, showing peduncle insertion on the left of median line, with peduncular wings tapering diagonally to the central axis of the operculum; B—Peduncular wings tapering perpendicularly to the central axis of the operculum; C—Wing tips end abruptly as if truncated; D—Top view of opercular endplate showing ovoid concentric layers with shallow depression in innermost layer; E—Opercular talon with bifid terminal region; F—Underside of opercular endplate showing position of talon relative to edges of endplate; G—Opercular talon of holotype (ZRC.ANN.0480) with trifid terminal region; H—Lateral view of talon of holotype (ZRC.ANN.0480); I—Talon of paratype (ZRC.ANN.0486) with protuberances from endplate on each side of peg and wing-shaped protuberance from the peg. Scale bars—A–I: 0.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. SEM photographs of Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. chaetae. A—Collar chaetae; B—Thoracic chaetae; C—Closeup of abdominal chaetae; inset figure showing top view of abdominal chaetae with central groove in view; D—Thoracic uncini of paratype (ZRC.ANN.0484) showing rasp-shaped teeth above peg; E—Anterior abdominal uncini; F—Posterior abdominal uncini. Scale bars—A: 10 µm, B: 50 µm, C–F: 5 µm, C inset figure: 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530939" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530945" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530947" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530949" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5530939/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5530945/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5530947/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5530949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="CA260337FFB0FFD69E7BD59FFE92FB12" box="[263,346,1153,1180]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[151,239,471,497]" captionText="TABLE 2. Qualitative comparison of the morphological traits of Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov., S. manilensis, S. kraussii, S. sinuspersicus and S. lirianeae. Characters marked" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Table 2</tableCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1F9F2A09FFBBFFDD9FEBD0E1FF33FD97" box="[151,251,511,537]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1716]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,453,1633]" captionTargetBox-2="[225,1363,181,1790]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1717]" captionTargetId-1="figure-179@15.[151,1436,453,1634]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@16.[225,1363,181,1790]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Tube morphology of Spirobranchus manilensis paratypes. A, B—Top view of individual tubes; C, D—Circular (C) and sub-trapezoidal (D) cross-sectional shapes of tubes; E, F—Lateral view of tubes with broad and rounded flap over tube mouth. Scale bars—A–B: 2 mm, C–F: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Opercular peduncles of Spirobranchus manilensis paratypes. A—Opercular peduncle of specimen; B–D—Peduncular wings of specimens as indicated by white arrow, with C and D showing wings on both sides of same individual. Scale bars—A–B: 1 mm, C–D: 0.5 mm" captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Opercular endplates and talon in paratypes of Spirobranchus manilensis. A, B—Opercular endplate observed in majority of S. manilensis specimens with deeper and broader area of concavity than S. bakau sp. nov.; C—Side view of operculum of anomalous specimen in type series, showing slight protrusion of endplate from the top of the operculum; D—Top view of opercular endplate of specimen in C, faintly showing concentric ovoid markings; E—Opercular talon of a single S. manilensis specimen with deep concavity around the centre of the endplate; F—Lateral view of talon in E showing sub-rectangular shape with a series of tooth-like edges. Scale bars—A–C: 1 mm, D–F: 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530951" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530953" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530955" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5530951/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5530953/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5530955/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pachynematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachynematus chambersi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chambersi">Pachynematus chambersi</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1948
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pachynematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachynematus laevigatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">Pachynematus laevigatus</taxonomicName>
Zaddach, 1883: Benson, 1967 misident.
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<heading id="DC5081F891045955ACE8DA5B2191F895" box="[973,1238,1818,1843]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955ACE8DA5B2130F895" bold="true" box="[973,1143,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Adesmus culiki</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AB2CDA7B21DDF8F5" bold="true" box="[1033,1178,1850,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191045955AB35DA7B21D5F8F5" box="[1040,1170,1850,1875]" captionStart="Figures51-55" captionStartId="16.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,854,2045]" captionTargetId="figure-322@16.[170,1493,854,2045]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures51-55. (51-54) Adesmus culikisp.nov.,holotype female:(51) dorsalhabitus;(52)ventral habitus;(53)lateralhabitus;(54)head,frontalview.(55)Adesmus seabrai, holotype male,dorsal habitus (by StevenW.Lingafelter)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614863/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 51-54</figureCitation>
)
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Description:
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female: Coloration:
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Head mostly black;mouthparts reddish brown except for pale yellow palpomeres (apex of last palpomeres brownish); anteclypeus orangish brown on wide central area, black close to margins; antennae and mandibles black. Prothorax and ventral surface of meso- and metathorax black. Basal half of elytra reddish brown except for two large, subcir-
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<paragraph id="87183694911B594AAF8FDD9B27C2FE35" blockId="16.[170,796,218,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cular black maculae on center of dorsal surface, somewhat small, elongated black macula close to suture near posterior half, and elongated black macula on center of sides; posterior half black; limit between reddish-brown and black areas irregular. Legs orangish brown, except for dark brown tarsal claws.Ventrites black.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911B594AAF8FDCFB25A8FE75" bold="true" box="[170,239,442,467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Head:</emphasis>
Proportionally large, slightly wider than prothorax. Frons finely, somewhat sparsely punctate (punctures sparser centrally close to clypeus); with minute, nearly indistinct yellowish-brown pubescence, with a few long, erect setae of same color close to eyes.Vertex and area behind upper eye lobes finely rugose-punctate (less so centrally on vertex close to prothorax); with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument (nearly indistinct depending on angle of view; brownish depending on light intensity); with a few long, erect brownish setae close to eyes. Area behind lower eye lobes distinctly tumid close to eye; finely punctate (punctures coarser than on vertex); with dense silvery pubescence on tumid area (more golden depending on light angle and intensity). Genae slightly shorter than lower eye lobe; finely punctate close to eye, micropunctate on remaining surface, except for smooth apex; with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, except for glabrous smooth area; with a few short,erect brownish setae interspersed toward posterior area. Antennal tubercles moderately elevated; densely micropunctate, with fine sparse punctures interspersed; pubescence as on frons, with a few long, erect brown setae interspersed on frontal base. Postclypeus finely, sparsely punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; punctate area with pubescence as on frons, and smooth areas glabrous; with one long, erect brown seta on each side of wide central area. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911B594AAA26DFFA2051FD72" bold="true" box="[1283,1302,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">⅔</emphasis>
, oblique at anterior third; smooth close to anteclypeus and on anterior third, somewhat coarsely punctate between these two areas; with long, sparse, erect brownish setae on punc- tate area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.41 times length of scape (0.28 times distance between outer margins of eyes); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.94 times length of scape (0.63 times distance between outer margins of eyes). Antennae 2.0 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior fifth of antennomere VII. Scape, pedicel and antennomeres with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly yellowish toward distal segments; scape, pedicel and antennomeres III-VIII with long, erect brownish setae ventrally (gradually shorter and sparser toward VIII, sparser on scape and pedicel); dorsal apex of antennomeres III-X with a few somewhat short, erect brownish setae. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.65; pedicel = 0.09; IV = 0.62;V = 0.50; VI = 0.47;VII = 0.41;VIII = 0.38; IX = 0.35; X = 0.32; XI = 0.31.
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Figures51-55. (51-54)
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,holotype female:(51) dorsal habitus;(52)ventral habitus;(53)lateral habitus;(54)head,frontal view.(55)
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<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911B594AAAA8D55B25A2F7F5" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">Adesmus seabrai</taxonomicName>
,
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holotype male,dorsal habitus (by Steven W.Lingafelter).
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAF7BDFBB25FFFCB5" bold="true" box="[94,184,762,787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thorax:</emphasis>
Prothorax slightly wider than long;sides sinuous, with rounded gibbosity about middle. Pronotum oblique from anterior margin to posterior quarter, then somewhat abruptly sloped and becoming flat toward posteri- or margin; carina-shaped centrally from anterior margin to posterior quarter (slightly more distinctly centrally); with dense silvery pubescence obscuring integument (more yellowish depending on light intensity and angle source), except for brownish pubescence not obscuring integument on each side of anterior quarter, slightly more yellowish on central area of anterior quarter (especially depending on angle of view), dark pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, and subelliptical area with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument on each side of central area (extended to sides of prothorax). Sides of prothorax with dense silvery pubescence,gradually more yellowish brown toward ventral surface; with a few long, erect brownish setae interspersed. Prosternum coarsely, sparsely punctate; with abundant grayish-white pubescence, but not obscuring integument; prosternal process with yellowish pubescence. Mesoventrite coarsely punctate; nearly glabrous centrally, with yellowish pubescence laterally. Mesanepisternum with dense grayish-white pubescence; mesepimeron with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, longer than on mesanepisternum. Mesoventral process with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument; sides flap-shaped near apex. Metanepisternum with dense grayish-white pubescence, yellower basally and close to superior margin. Metaventrite with dense grayish-white pubescence laterally, and dense golden pubescence on triangular central area.Scutellum with dense yellowish pubescence.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BADA4DB9B278AF955" bold="true" box="[641,717,1754,1779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Elytra:</emphasis>
Somewhat coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal half, nearly smooth on posterior half; apex obliquely truncate (almost uniformly rounded); reddish-brown basal half of elytra with silvery pubescence, distinctly denser on wide band along suture, appearing to be yellower due to the integument color, especially depending on angle of view, dorsally interspersed with irregular areas with short golden pubescence, laterally with distinct, oblique golden pubescent band starting on humerus and involving de black macula; black maculae on basal half with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, appearing to be darker due to the integument color, denser on anterior macula; lateral black macula with golden pubescence not obscuring integument; anterior region of posterior half with minute yellowish-white pubescence distinctly exposing integument; posterior third with dense white pubescence.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAB5DDC3B21F1FE35" bold="true" box="[1144,1206,378,403]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Legs:</emphasis>
Femora with short yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Tibiae with yellowish pubescence, sparser on protibiae, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694911A594BAC3FDF5B2041FD55" blockId="17.[794,1419,538,755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FDF5B26D1FD95" bold="true" box="[794,918,538,563]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Ventrite I with dense grayish-white pubescence obscuring integument; ventrites II-V with minute grayish-white pubescence, abundant but not obscuring integument (slightly distinct depending on angle of view), denser and longer laterally, especially on IV and V. Posterior area o ventrite V with long, erect, somewhat sparse dark setae; posterior margin concave.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694911A594BAC3FDE5B2016FCD5" blockId="17.[792,1419,794,883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FDE5B26B5FC95" bold="true" box="[794,1010,794,819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dimensions in mm:</emphasis>
Total length,17.20;prothoracic length, 3.00;anterior prothoracic width,3.60;posterior prothoracic width, 3.45; humeral width, 4.75; elytral length, 11.20.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F911A594BAC3FDEDB2181FC55" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87183694911A594BAC3FDEDB2181FC55" blockId="17.[794,1418,922,1011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FDEDB268FFC15" bold="true" box="[794,968,922,947]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9911A594BACF7DEDB2181FC55" collectingDate="1995-12-08" collectionCode="MZSP, SSA" collectorName="J. A. C. Simoes" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.817223" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.166668" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581C8836911A594BACF7DEDB217EFC15" box="[978,1081,922,947]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604911A594BABFEDEDB206AFC15" box="[1243,1325,922,947]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAA1FDEDB2618FC75" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion id="4563F876911A594BAA1FDEDB261EFC75" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8278604F911A594BAC57DEFB268EFC75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E87829104594BACE8DA5B21F4F895:8278604F911A594BAC57DEFB268EFC75" box="[882,969,954,979]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.817223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.166668" name="Aracruz" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053911A594BACC5DEFB211CFC75" box="[992,1115,953,979]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-19.817223">19°49′02″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053911A594BAB54DEFB21B3FC75" box="[1137,1268,953,979]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-40.166668">40°10′00″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="F3191054911A594BAA2EDEFB20C1FC75" box="[1291,1414,954,979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1995-12-08">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC911A594BAA2EDEFB20C1FC75" box="[1291,1414,954,979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1995-12-08">08.XII.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A525342911A594BAC3FDE9B26EEFC55" box="[794,937,986,1011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">J.A.C. Simões</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51911A594BACC5DE9B2166FC55" box="[992,1057,986,1011]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
, formerly
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51911A594BABA8DE9B21FAFC55" box="[1165,1213,986,1011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F911A594BAC3FD95B214EFB15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="87183694911A594BAC3FD95B214EFB15" blockId="17.[794,1418,1050,1203]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FD95B26E6FB95" bold="true" box="[794,929,1050,1075]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new species is dedicated to Mark Paul Culik, an American entomologist who has been working for 20 years on a voluntary basis at Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper, Expírito Santo,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604911A594BAC9AD9DB26B8FB15" box="[959,1023,1178,1203]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F911A594BAC3FD99B21F4F895" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="87183694911A594BAC3FD99B21F4F895" blockId="17.[793,1418,1242,1843]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FD99B26CFFB55" bold="true" box="[794,904,1242,1267]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BACB6D99B2171FB55" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[915,1078,1242,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culiki">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BACB6D99B2171FB55" box="[915,1078,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Adesmus culiki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BABF3D99B2616FAB5" authority="Lane, 1959" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BABF3D99B2004FB55" box="[1238,1347,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. seabrai</emphasis>
Lane, 1959
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11911A594BAC7AD9BB26E9FAB5" box="[863,942,1274,1299]" captionStart="Figures51-55" captionStartId="16.[170,238,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,854,2045]" captionTargetId="figure-322@16.[170,1493,854,2045]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures51-55. (51-54) Adesmus culikisp.nov.,holotype female:(51) dorsalhabitus;(52)ventral habitus;(53)lateralhabitus;(54)head,frontalview.(55)Adesmus seabrai, holotype male,dorsal habitus (by StevenW.Lingafelter)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614863/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
), also known only from the Brazilian state of
<collectingRegion id="4563F876911A594BAC12D85B2694FA95" box="[823,979,1306,1331]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
, by the black macula on pronotum and basal half of the elytra, and color of the legs, but differs: head lacking dense white pubescence (present in males and females of
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BAB32D83B21C5FA35" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1959" box="[1047,1154,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAB32D83B21C5FA35" box="[1047,1154,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. seabrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); posterior third of the elytra entirely with white pubescence (with on large area without dense white pubescence dorsally and laterally on posterior half, sometimes fused apically, in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BAA17D89B2671F9B5" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAA17D89B2671F9B5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. seabrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); area of elytra after middle with wide region with slightly conspicuous pubescence (absent in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BAA37DB5B203BF995" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1959" box="[1298,1404,1562,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAA37DB5B203BF995" box="[1298,1404,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. seabrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Chromatic gender dimorphism was already reported in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BAC3FDB1B26E1F9D5" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1868" box="[794,934,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemilophini">Hemilophini</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BAC96DB1B26D0F935" authority="(Tippmann, 1960) (Perger et al., 2017)" authorityName="Perger et al." authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tippmann" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Phoebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornator">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC96DB1B211BF9D5" box="[947,1116,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phoebe ornator</emphasis>
(Tippmann, 1960) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65911A594BAA1ADB1B26D6F935" author="Perger, R. &amp; Santos-Silva, A. &amp; Guerra, F." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="337 - 346" refId="ref16712" refString="Perger, R.; Santos-Silva, A. &amp; Guerra, F. 2017. Description of the male of Phoebe ornator (Tippmann, 1960) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Hemilophini), analysis of the species biogeography, and first observation of chromatic gender dimorphism in Hemilophini. Zootaxa, 4250 (4): 337 - 346." type="journal article" year="2017">
Perger
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FDB3B2616F935" box="[794,849,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.,</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.However,even in large series of
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BABDCDB3B2019F935" authorityName="Perger et al." authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tippmann" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1273,1374,1658,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Phoebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornator">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BABDCDB3B2019F935" box="[1273,1374,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P.ornator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pubescence on dorsal surface of the elytra is nearly identical in males and females. Furthermore, the
<typeStatus id="581C8836911A594BAA2DDBFB202AF975" box="[1288,1389,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17911A594BAC3FDB9B26C6F955" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1959" box="[794,897,1754,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86911A594BAC3FDB9B26C6F955" box="[794,897,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A.seabrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a female and does not show chromatic differences with males of the species, as well as the
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D911A594BAA00DBBB2610F895" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
(males and females) examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

209
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<mods:title id="F18E5058028E247F21BAE6258AA6AB06">New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91055954ACD4DE5B21A1FCF5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8718369491055954ACD4DE5B21A1FCF5" blockId="14.[966,1396,730,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954ACD4DE5B21A1FCF5" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954ACD4DE5B21ACFC95" ID-CoL="BLPXG" authority="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins, 2020" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[1009,1259,794,819]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Iquiracetima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venturai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954ACD4DE5B21ACFC95" bold="true" box="[1009,1259,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Iquiracetima venturai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE057FD91055954ABD5DE5B200EFC95" box="[1264,1353,794,819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191055954AB79DE7B219AFCF5" box="[1116,1245,826,851]" captionStart="Figures 47-50" captionStartId="14.[170,238,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,980,2076]" captionTargetId="figure-316@14.[170,1493,980,2076]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 47-50. Iquiracetima venturai sp.nov.,holotype female:(47) dorsal habitus;(48) ventral habitus;(49) lateral habitus;(50) head,frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614861/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 47-50</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91055955AC40DE3B2048FCD5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AC40DE3B2093FC15" blockId="14.[868,1493,890,947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AC40DE3B200AFC35" bold="true" box="[869,1357,890,915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Description:
<typeStatus id="581C883691055954ACDFDE3B212FFC35" box="[1018,1128,890,915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female:Coloration:
</emphasis>
Integument mostly dark brown; mouthparts, and posterocentral area
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3D8661C91055954AF8FD57B2021F7F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614861" box="[170,1382,2106,2131]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614861/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[170,238,2106,2131]" targetBox="[170,1493,980,2076]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AF8FD57B2021F7F5" blockId="14.[170,1382,2106,2131]" box="[170,1382,2106,2131]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Figures 47-50.
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954AE14D57B249CF7F5" authority="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins, 2020" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[305,475,2106,2131]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Iquiracetima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venturai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AE14D57B249CF7F5" bold="true" box="[305,475,2106,2131]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Iquiracetima venturai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE057FD91055954AEFAD57B2758F7F5" box="[479,543,2106,2131]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,holotype female:(47) dorsal habitus;(48) ventral habitus;(49) lateral habitus;(50) head,frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AF7BDD9B27CDFDD5" blockId="15.[94,719,218,627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
of gulamentum reddish brown; scape brown;pedicel,anterior
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AF84DDBA25F3FEB2" bold="true" box="[161,180,251,276]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">⅘</emphasis>
of antennomere III, and basal half of antennomere IV yellowish brown; posterior fifth of antennomere III, posterior half of antennomere IV, and antennomeres V-XI brown. Anterior and posterior areas of prothorax reddish brown (including apex of prosternal process). Elytra with irregular orangish macula on each side of anterior quarter, nearly entirely orangish along suture, and nearly entirely orangish on posterior fifth. Coxae, trochanters, and base of meso- and metafemora reddish-brown; remaining surface of meso-and metafemora, and meso- and metatibiae brown (somewhat dark reddish brown depending on light intensity); tarsi reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AF7BDFDB2796FA95" blockId="15.[93,721,666,1331]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AF7BDFDB25E4FD15" bold="true" box="[94,163,666,691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Head:</emphasis>
Frons, vertex, and area behind eyes somewhat coarsely, abundantly punctate; with sparse yellowish-white pubescence on sides of frons and close to upper eye lobes. Genae finely, transversely striate, with sparse punctures interspersed, glabrous. Antennal tubercles somewhat finely,densely punctate,glabrous.Postclypeus with sculpturing as on frons.Labrum with a few long,erect dark setae posteriorly; with dense yellowish setae anteriorly. Gulamentum mostly smooth, glabrous, except for narrow anterior area slightly depressed, micropunctate, and with sparse yellowish-white pubescence. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.62 times length of scape (0.23 times distance between outer margins of eyes); in frontal view,distance between lower eye lobes 1.37 times length of scape (0.50 times distance between outer margins of eyes). Antennae 1.10 times elytral length, reaching posterior fifth of elytra; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Antennomere III slightly sinuous. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.43; pedicel = 0.21; IV = 0.57; V = 0.32; VI = 0.27;VII = 0.24;VIII = 0.21; IX = 0.21; X = 0.16;XI = 0.21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AF7BD81B20C0FDD5" blockId="15.[94,719,1370,2131]" lastBlockId="15.[794,1420,218,627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AF7BD81B25FEFAD5" bold="true" box="[94,185,1370,1395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thorax:</emphasis>
Prothorax slightly wider than long, with distinct constriction posteriorly. Pronotum strongly convex at anterior
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AF98D8DA2597FA12" bold="true" box="[189,208,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">⅘</emphasis>
, flat at posterior fifth; slightly, widely longitudinally sulcate on each side of central are in convex area; coarsely, densely punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence close to anterior margin, on flat area (denser and more distinct than on anterior area), and three longitudinal pubescent bands of same color on posterior half, one centrally, another on each side; anterior area with short; remaining surface nearly glabrous. Sides of prothorax with sculpturing as on pronotum; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (whiter depending on light intensity). Prosternum and prosternal process coarsely, confluently punctate; with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument (whiter depending on light intensity).Ventral surface of meso- and metathorax coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures sparser on center of mesoventrite); with grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Scutellum with dense grayish-white pubescence.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AE42DAFB24F4F875" bold="true" box="[359,435,1978,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Elytra:</emphasis>
Coarsely, densely punctate (punctures confluent on some areas); with five elevated longitudinal carinae, first on center of anterior quarter of dorsal surface, one near suture on posterior quarter, only reaching base of orangish posterior area, one dorsally, slightly oblique, from anterior fifth to base of orangish posterior area, one close to lateral curvature, placed on posterior quarter, slightly longer than posteri- or innermost carina, and another on inclined area, small, distinct only on beginning of orangish area; posterior tubercles slightly elevated; with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, denser on orangish areas.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AA69DCDB20CEFE15" bold="true" box="[1356,1417,410,435]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs:</emphasis>
Profemora with yellowish-white pubescence dorsally, not obscuring integument, nearly glabrous ventrally except for apex with sparse yellowish-white pubescence; with long, erect, somewhat sparse dark setae on frontal depressed area. Meso- and metafemora and tibiae with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AC3FDFDB215EFD75" blockId="15.[794,1417,666,723]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC3FDFDB26D1FD15" bold="true" box="[794,918,666,691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Ventrites with grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AC3FDFBB2048FCD5" blockId="15.[794,1418,762,883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC3FDFBB2157FCB5" bold="true" box="[794,1040,762,787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dimensions in mm:</emphasis>
Total length, 4.30; prothoracic length, 0.90; anterior prothoracic width, 0.95; posterior prothoracic width, 0.90; maximum prothoracic width, 1.05; humeral width, 1.30; elytral length, 2.90.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91045955AC3FDEDB2133FC55" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AC3FDEDB2133FC55" blockId="15.[794,1418,922,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC3FDEDB268FFC15" bold="true" box="[794,968,922,947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991045955ACF7DEDB2133FC55" collectingDate="1988-03-02" collectionCode="MZSP, SSA" collectorName="P. M. Vieira" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.82639" location="Aracruz" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581C883691045955ACF7DEDB217EFC15" box="[978,1081,922,947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491045955ABFEDEDB206AFC15" box="[1243,1325,922,947]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AA1FDEDB2618FC75" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691045955AA1FDEDB261EFC75" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8278604F91045955AC42DEFB26F9FC75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291055955ACD4DE5B20C6F915:8278604F91045955AC42DEFB26F9FC75" box="[871,958,954,979]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.82639" name="Aracruz" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391045955ACEEDEFB2102FC75" box="[971,1093,953,979]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-19.82639">19°49′35″S</geoCoordinate>
, 40°10′88″W,
<date id="F319105491045955ABFADEFB2015FC75" box="[1247,1362,954,979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1988-03-02">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91045955ABFADEFB2015FC75" box="[1247,1362,954,979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1988-03-02">02.III.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291045955AA7BDEFB261FFC55" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P.M. Vieira</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191045955ACABDE9B2688FC55" box="[910,975,986,1011]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
, formerly
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191045955AB1EDE9B212CFC55" box="[1083,1131,986,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91045955AC3FD95B20C5FB75" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AC3FD95B20C5FB75" blockId="15.[794,1418,1050,1235]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC3FD95B26E6FB95" bold="true" box="[794,929,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new species is dedicated to José Aires Ventura (Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691045955ABBFD91B2071FBD5" box="[1178,1334,1114,1139]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491045955AA65D91B20C7FBD5" box="[1344,1408,1114,1139]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). After coming from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491045955ACDFD93B210DFB35" box="[1018,1098,1146,1171]" name="Angola" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Angola</collectingCountry>
at the beginning of his career, dedicated to various works in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, especially in the area of phytopathology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91045955AC3FD9BB20C6F915" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8718369491045955AC3FD9BB20C6F915" blockId="15.[793,1419,1274,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC3FD9BB26CFFAB5" bold="true" box="[794,904,1274,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791045955ACA9D9BB2128FAB5" authority="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins, 2020" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[908,1135,1274,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Iquiracetima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venturai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955ACA9D9BB2128FAB5" box="[908,1135,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iquiracetima venturai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE057FD91045955AB56D9BB2182FAB5" box="[1139,1221,1274,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AA61D9BB20CFFAB5" box="[1348,1416,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I.egeri</emphasis>
Wappes
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC5FD85B26F2FA95" box="[890,949,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.,</emphasis>
2017 (see photograph of the
<typeStatus id="581C883691045955AA22D85B202BFA95" box="[1287,1388,1306,1331]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591045955AC39D87B26ECFAF5" author="Bezark, L. G." box="[796,939,1338,1363]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref14637" refString="Bezark, L. G. 2020. A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available at: http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Bezark, 2020</bibRefCitation>
),but differs as follows:frons and vertex with slightly conspicuous pubescence (distinct in
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AA2CD81B2008FAD5" box="[1289,1359,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. egeri</emphasis>
); elytra with irregular orangish macula on anterior region (absent in
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC4BD8DB26F1FA15" box="[878,950,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. egeri</emphasis>
); posterior tubercles of the elytra slightly elevated (strongly elevated in
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AB57D8FB21F0FA75" box="[1138,1207,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. egeri</emphasis>
); elytral punctures coarser and denser (finer and slightly sparser in
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AA12D89B203BFA55" box="[1335,1404,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. egeri</emphasis>
); anterodorsal innermost carina slightly elevated, not triangular-shaped (triangular shaped in
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955ABEEDB5B2053F995" box="[1227,1300,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. egeri</emphasis>
). It differs from
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791045955AC73DB7B21EBF9F5" authority="Galileo &amp; Martins, 2008" authorityName="Galileo &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2008" box="[854,1196,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Iquiracetima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceruri">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AC73DB7B26E4F9F5" box="[854,931,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. ceruri</emphasis>
Galileo &amp; Martins, 2008
</taxonomicName>
(see photograph of the
<typeStatus id="581C883691045955AC63DB1B26ECF9D5" box="[838,939,1626,1651]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591045955ACE9DB1B211BF9D5" author="Bezark, L. G." box="[972,1116,1626,1651]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref14637" refString="Bezark, L. G. 2020. A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available at: http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Bezark, 2020</bibRefCitation>
), by the antennomeres V-XI brown (orangish in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791045955ACDEDB3B210DF935" authorityName="Galileo &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2008" box="[1019,1098,1658,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Iquiracetima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceruri">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955ACDEDB3B210DF935" box="[1019,1098,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. ceruri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and elytra without several irregular orangish areas throughout (present in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791045955AA0DDBDB2033F915" authorityName="Galileo &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2008" box="[1320,1396,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Iquiracetima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceruri">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691045955AA0DDBDB2033F915" box="[1320,1396,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. ceruri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F92CFA27F4DBD14BB8335DF3CC3ADDE3">New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil)</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="D766CC652DBB88D1CBADB493EB6FC84C">
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<mods:namePart id="9E7C233EFCE8BB4E4F4799AC06843F8B">Botero, Juan Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0BA552CB0F878B20EF9E6796E883D16E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="35C1D7F7171DEF7090112470BE714319">
<mods:roleTerm id="E06D9BFCDD1D87F5D7E0D4ECE6E78F7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7120B4E47FB2560C735103CCA660D0D2">Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto de Lima</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3E8EC5B1B1DCA540D6D72226B5F1D456" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2AEDFB52E1F2D317DF022DA72E28E26F">
<mods:roleTerm id="CDB9D13DC73F13B4106371A67E30E01C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B8B49EA89070B129B5C732292CB9128C">Martins, David dos Santos</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="53294B9D8E0C6B79BE7C125295723A0A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5DC87377BD408FB4098411B9B2EB6DBC" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="70A0A87E089614A6BDE40EAB4A411DE8">
<mods:title id="ABF882AE6D838C016B73D5677AE8E69B">Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6421A1E376D0FF00F2D7E6BECA726905">
<mods:date id="C780D1F1A546DDEC9EA04AB2412835E3">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5D570D6D713601F86A9FF60111CFEFAD" type="series">
<mods:title id="C329321988B0616631E783B493FF2F8A">Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3DACD84DCF8B7DEE5F2D46150DCE6424" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="89A2E4CD6F90C5C0C65BFCB8E6C5D5E3">2020-08-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D8211AD2F86B17BE819BCF666360382E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="090A2A4D28335BAF07278828F588B3BD">60</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="05CC74A076ABA78A30A668B283D1220F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="95AA0856E692BB2197E161EEC65E4690">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2416228EF198B3CA801AE676FDC12E16">22</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="B8EEDB319CDAB9CA7E510B2AD53E81A4">
<mods:url id="D1A17F1EE4FD11A136372B3B372C85AE">http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.45</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E18681DFBA3D6B7FCCADCF56377AB344">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FEEEDEA1B60C8378240129CAFD8654E9" type="DOI">10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.45</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A9C236718D22254E914813CDC3C454EE" type="ISSN">1807-0205</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7ADF802020B6ED77D8E1A4498F1779C" type="Zenodo-Dep">4614833</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A922637EC59EBC5E50B5D2B18BC98F8E" type="ZooBank">93D2980F-C8DE-4FF9-B6BA-044145838339</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0F0E878291075954AE63D97B2065FD35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291075954AE63D97B2065FD35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0E878291075954AE63D97B2065FD35" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91075956AE63D97B276CFBD5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AE63D97B276CFBD5" blockId="12.[283,681,954,1139]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AE63D97B276CFBD5" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791075956AE63D97B2758FBF5" ID-CoL="BLQ4K" authority="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins, 2020" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[326,543,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiuzai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AE63D97B2758FBF5" bold="true" box="[326,543,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Microibidion fiuzai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE057FD91075956AD01D97B273AFBF5" box="[548,637,1082,1107]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191075956AE84D91B2765FBD5" box="[417,546,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figures 38-46" captionStartId="13.[94,162,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,2044]" captionTargetId="figure-1@13.[113,1398,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 38-46. Microibidion fiuzai sp. nov. (38-42) Holotype female: (38) dorsal habitus; (39) ventral habitus; (40) prosternal process and mesoventral process; (41) head,frontal view;(42)lateral view.(43-46) Paratype female:(43) dorsal habitus;(44) head,frontal view;(45) lateral view;(46) ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614857/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 38-46</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91075954AF8FD9DB2452FD55" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FD9DB2702FA35" blockId="12.[170,795,1178,1427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FD9DB2469FB75" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Description:
<typeStatus id="581C883691075956AE7BD9DB248BFB15" box="[350,460,1178,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191075956AD4ED9DB264AFB15" box="[619,781,1178,1203]" captionStart="Figures 38-46" captionStartId="13.[94,162,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,2044]" captionTargetId="figure-1@13.[113,1398,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 38-46. Microibidion fiuzai sp. nov. (38-42) Holotype female: (38) dorsal habitus; (39) ventral habitus; (40) prosternal process and mesoventral process; (41) head,frontal view;(42)lateral view.(43-46) Paratype female:(43) dorsal habitus;(44) head,frontal view;(45) lateral view;(46) ventral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614857/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 38-42</figureCitation>
): Coloration:
</emphasis>
Integument mostly reddish brown, darker on prothorax (some areas more brown); palpi yellowish-brown; antennomeres III-XI orangish brown. Elytra with large subelliptical pale yellow macula on basal half, and nearly entirely light reddish brown on posterior quarter. Femora orangish-brown on peduncle, black on club; tibiae and tarsi orangish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FD8FB268DFA95" blockId="12.[170,795,1466,2131]" lastBlockId="12.[868,1496,954,1331]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FD8FB25A8FA75" bold="true" box="[170,239,1466,1491]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head:</emphasis>
Frons abundantly micropunctate close to postclypeus, coarsely, confluently punctate on remaining surface; glabrous. Vertex glabrous; area between antennal tubercles with sculpturing as on posterior area of frons; area between upper eye lobes somewhat coarsely, shallowly, sparsely punctate; remaining surface minutely, densely striate. Area behind upper eye lobes densely micropunctate; glabrous, with a few long, erect brownish setae close to eye; area behind lower eye lobes tumid, smooth close to eye, densely micropunctate on remaining surface; glabrous. Genae very finely, abundantly punctate, except for smooth apex; glabrous. Antennal tubercles finely, sparsely punctate (punctures denser frontally). Postclypeus with one long, erect brownish seta on each side. Labrum with somewhat long, erect brownish setae. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous posteriorly, striate, with long, sparse, erect brownish setae anteriorly. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.68 times length of scape (0.42 times distance between outer margins of eyes); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.68 times length of scape (0.42 times distance be- tween outer margins of eyes). Antennae 1.8 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior sixth of antennomere IX. Scape with decumbent, short and sparse yellowish setae; pedicel with decumbent, short and sparse yellowish pubescence, with long, erect yellowish-brown setae ventrally; antennomeres with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, denser toward XI; antennomeres III-VI with long, erect yellowish-brown setae ventrally. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.68; pedicel = 0.18; IV = 0.68; V = 0.68;VI = 0.68;VII = 0.67;VIII = 0.65;IX = 0.63; X = 0.56; XI = 0.77.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491075954AC40D81B27A9FE75" blockId="12.[869,1495,1370,2131]" lastBlockId="14.[170,795,218,467]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AC40D81B26F8FAD5" bold="true" box="[869,959,1370,1395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thorax:</emphasis>
Prothorax distinctly longer than wide; sides sinuous (anterior and posterior constrictions well marked). Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate; posterior area somewhat shagreened; with longitudinal, slightly conspicuous yellowish-white pubescent band centrally, from base to apex. Sides of prothorax nearly glabrous; finely sparsely punctate; posterior region somewhat shagreened. Prosternum finely, sparsely punctate on sides of posterior
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AB14DB1A2103F9D2" bold="true" box="[1073,1092,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">⅔</emphasis>
, very finely transversely striate centrally, somewhat shagreened laterally close to procoxal cavities; glabrous. Central area of prosternal process notably narrow. Ventral surface of mesothorax mostly somewhat shagreened; mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Apex of mesoventral process widened posteriorly (flap-shaped), with distal margin distinctly concave. Metanepisternum nearly glabrous anteriorly, with dense yellowish-white pubescence posteriorly. Metaventrite with very short and sparse yellowish setae. Scutellum with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956ABBADA9B21ABF855" bold="true" box="[1183,1260,2010,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Elytra:</emphasis>
Coarsely, somewhat abundantly punctate on basal half, punctures gradually finer, sparser toward apex; apex bispinose (outer spine longer); with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AAB2D57B2092F7F5" bold="true" box="[1431,1493,2106,2131]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Legs:</emphasis>
Femoral club somewhat shagreened; profemora nearly glabrous; meso- and metafemora with short, sparse, decumbent yellowish setae, with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae interspersed. Tibiae with sparse, short, nearly decumbent yellowish setae dorsally and laterally, with long, erect setae of same color near apex, and distinctly denser pubescence ventrally on protibiae, bristly, longer ventrally on posterior third of meso- and metatibiae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3D8661C91065957AF7BD55B205AF7F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614857/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[94,162,2074,2099]" targetBox="[113,1398,204,2044]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8718369491065957AF7BD55B205AF7F5" blockId="13.[94,1419,2074,2131]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figures 38-46.
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791065957AFCDD55B243AF795" authority="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins, 2020" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[232,381,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiuzai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691065957AFCDD55B243AF795" bold="true" box="[232,381,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microibidion fiuzai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE057FD91065957AEA6D55B2485F795" box="[387,450,2074,2099]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(38-42) Holotype female: (38) dorsal habitus; (39) ventral habitus; (40) prosternal process and mesoventral process; (41) head,frontal view;(42)lateral view.(43-46) Paratype female:(43) dorsal habitus;(44) head,frontal view;(45) lateral view;(46) ventral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AF8FDCBB274EFD95" blockId="14.[170,794,506,563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AF8FDCBB2461FDB5" bold="true" box="[170,294,506,531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Ventrites with short, very sparse yellowish setae. Apex of ventrite V rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AF8FDF1B2452FD55" blockId="14.[169,795,602,755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AF8FDF1B265DFDD5" bold="true" box="[170,794,602,627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dimensions in mm (females, holotype-paratype):</emphasis>
Total length, 5.95-5.30; prothoracic length, 1.30-1.10; anterior prothoracic width, 0.90-0.75; posterior prothoracic width, 0.80-0.70; humeral width, 1.20-1.05; elytral length, 3.90-3.45.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91055954AF8FDE5B2779FC15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AF8FDE5B2779FC15" blockId="14.[170,795,794,947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AF8FDE5B241FFC95" bold="true" box="[170,344,794,819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991055954AE46DE5B24D8FC35" collectingDate="2015-11-16" collectionCode="T, MZSP, UFES" collectorName="Tavares &amp; S. Freitas" country="Brazil" county="Sooretama" latitude="-19.062222" location="Refugio" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.976665" municipality="Fazenda Cupido" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581C883691055954AE46DE5B248DFC95" box="[355,458,794,819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491055954AD4EDE5B27FAFC95" box="[619,701,794,819]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954ADEFDE5B25A8FCF5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691055954ADEFDE5B25AEFCF5" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="6E794E1891055954AFD6DE7B2428FCF5" box="[243,367,826,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sooretama</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="677CACEE91055954AE53DE7B2760FCF5" box="[374,551,826,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fazenda Cupido</collectingMunicipality>
e
<location id="8278604F91055954AD18DE7B27D2FCF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291075954AE63D97B2065FD35:8278604F91055954AD18DE7B27D2FCF5" box="[573,661,826,851]" country="Brazil" county="Sooretama" latitude="-19.062222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.976665" municipality="Fazenda Cupido" name="Refugio" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Refúgio</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391055954ADB9DE7B2650FCF5" box="[668,791,825,851]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-19.062222">19°03′44″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391055954AF8FDE1B246AFCD5" box="[170,301,857,883]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-39.976665">39°58′36″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91055954AE13DE1B2419FCD4" box="[310,350,855,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491055954AE4FDE1B2498FCD5" box="[362,479,858,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2015-11-16">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91055954AE4FDE1B2498FCD5" box="[362,479,858,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2015-11-16">16.XI.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, M.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191055954AD24DE1B2755FCD5" box="[513,530,858,883]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2A52534291055954AD3EDE1B272AFCD5" box="[539,621,858,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tavares</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2A52534291055954ADAEDE1B27AAFCD5" box="[651,749,858,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. Freitas</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191055954AF94DE3B25B5FC35" box="[177,242,890,915]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
,formerly
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191055954AE79DE3B24DDFC35" box="[348,410,890,915]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6nq-8nqh" name="Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UFES</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="581C883691055954AE83DE3B274FFC35" box="[422,520,890,915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female, same data as
<typeStatus id="581C883691055954ADD0DE3B25B6FC15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191055954AE62DEDB24C7FC15" box="[327,384,922,947]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6nq-8nqh" name="Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UFES</collectionCode>
# 159511 (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191055954AED0DEDB2773FC15" box="[501,564,922,947]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6nq-8nqh" name="Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UFES</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91055954AC40DD9B2060FED5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AC40DD9B2060FED5" blockId="14.[868,1493,218,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AC40DD9B26AAFF55" bold="true" box="[869,1005,218,243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new species is dedicated to Paulo Sérgio Fiuza Ferreira, former Professor at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691055954AB17DC5B2183FE95" box="[1074,1220,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491055954ABE9DC5B204BFE95" box="[1228,1292,282,307]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), expert on taxonomy of Heteroptera, especially
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954ABE7DC7B205EFEF5" box="[1218,1305,314,339]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
, who introduced the fourth author to the study of insects.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91055954AC40DCDB2065FD35" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8718369491055954AC40DCDB2065FD35" blockId="14.[869,1493,410,659]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AC40DCDB2694FE15" bold="true" box="[869,979,410,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954ACFEDCDB21E3FE15" authority="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins, 2020" authorityName="Santos-Silva &amp; Botero &amp; Nascimento &amp; Martins" authorityYear="2020" box="[987,1188,410,435]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiuzai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954ACFEDCDB21E3FE15" box="[987,1188,410,435]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Microibidion fiuzai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE057FD91055954AB89DCDB2044FE15" box="[1196,1283,410,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954AAB6DCDB2117FE75" authority="Martins, 1962" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AAB6DCDB26ECFE75" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. exiguum</emphasis>
Martins, 1962
</taxonomicName>
(see photograph of the
<typeStatus id="581C883691055954AA55DCFB2092FE75" box="[1392,1493,442,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591055954ACA7DC9B2154FE55" author="Bezark, L. G." box="[898,1043,474,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14637" refString="Bezark, L. G. 2020. A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available at: http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Bezark, 2020</bibRefCitation>
), but differs by the upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia (two in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954ABFADCBB2018FDB5" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1962" box="[1247,1375,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954ABFADCBB2018FDB5" box="[1247,1375,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. exiguum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), setae on ventral surface of the antennomeres distinctly short (longer in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954AC8FDF7B2160FDF5" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1962" box="[938,1063,570,595]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AC8FDF7B2160FDF5" box="[938,1063,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. exiguum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), pronotum without long and erect setae (present in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954AB35DF1B21CAFDD5" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1962" box="[1040,1165,602,627]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954AB35DF1B21CAFDD5" box="[1040,1165,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. exiguum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), elytral apex bispinose (with spine only at outer angle in
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791055954ABBCDF3B2051FD35" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1962" box="[1177,1302,634,659]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microibidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691055954ABBCDF3B2051FD35" box="[1177,1302,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. exiguum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

209
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Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791075956AD97DD9B2662FF55" ID-CoL="7MM6" authorityName="Gounelle" authorityYear="1909" box="[690,805,218,243]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenoeme" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AD97DD9B2662FF55" bold="true" box="[690,805,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stenoeme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591075956ACFEDD9B21C8FF55" author="Martins, U. R." box="[987,1167,218,243]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref15845" refString="Martins, U. R. 1997 b. Tribo Oemini. In: Martins, U. R. (Org.). Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera). Taxonomia. Vol. 1. Sao Paulo, Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. p. 4 - 155." type="book" year="1997">Martins, 1997b</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91075956AF8FDC5B2092FD15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="key">
<keyStep id="3C532E3191075956AF8FDC5B2092FEF5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDC5B2092FE95" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" box="[170,1493,282,307]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDC5B2092FE95" bold="true" box="[170,1493,282,307]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDC5B2092FE95" box="[170,1493,282,307]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1. Legs reddish-brown or bicolorous............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDC7B2092FEF5" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" box="[170,1493,314,339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDC7B2092FEF5" bold="true" box="[170,1493,314,339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDC7B2092FEF5" box="[170,1493,314,339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">— Legs yellowish........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C532E3191075956AF8FDC1B2092FE75" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDC1B2092FE35" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDC1B2092FE35" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDC1B2092FE35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
2(1). Sides of elytra brownish;antennae dark brown;prothorax in male slightly longer than wide,with strongly basal constriction.
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491075956ABFEDC1B204EFED5" box="[1243,1289,346,371]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956AA37DC1B20C1FED5" box="[1298,1414,346,371]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
)............. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791075956AA32DC3B2092FE35" ID-CoL="4ZYSB" authority="Martins, 1980" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1980" box="[1303,1493,378,403]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenoeme" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempfi">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AA32DC3B2027FE35" bold="true" box="[1303,1376,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S.kempfi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591075956AA41DC3B2092FE35" author="Martins, U. R." box="[1380,1493,378,403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="221 - 229" refId="ref15763" refString="Martins, U. R. 1980. Revisao dos generos Austroeme, Stenoeme, Xanthoeme, gen. n. e Ocroeme (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 33 (11): 221 - 229." type="journal article" year="1980">Martins,1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDCDB2092FE75" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDCDB2092FE75" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDCDB2092FE75" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
— Sides of elytra not brownish; antennae reddish-brown basally, gradually yellowish-brown toward apex; prothorax in male distinctly longer than wide, without strong basal constriction.
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491075956AEDCDCFB2760FE75" box="[505,551,442,467]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956AD15DCFB2725FE75" box="[560,610,442,467]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bahia</collectingRegion>
)....................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791075956ABE4DCFB2092FE75" ID-CoL="BLLWN" authority="Nascimento &amp; Bravo, 2018" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Bravo" authorityYear="2018" box="[1217,1493,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenoeme" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furca">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956ABE4DCFB21BCFE75" bold="true" box="[1217,1275,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S.furca</emphasis>
Nascimento &amp; Bravo,2018
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C532E3191075956AF8FDC9B2092FD95" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDC9B2092FDB5" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDC9B2092FDB5" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDC9B2092FDB5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
3(1). Elytra with long and dark setae interspersed between short yellowish setae; prothorax in male without distinct basal constriction.
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991075956AA43DC9B2092FDB5" country="Brazil" location="Goias" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491075956AA43DC9B20D3FE55" box="[1382,1428,474,499]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956AA87DC9B2095FE55" box="[1442,1490,474,499]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956AFC6DCBB240BFDB5" box="[227,332,506,531]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791075956AA22DCBB2092FDB5" ID-CoL="6ZM95" authority="Gounelle, 1909" authorityName="Gounelle" authorityYear="1909" box="[1287,1493,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenoeme" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iheringi">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AA22DCBB2011FDB5" bold="true" box="[1287,1366,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S.iheringi</emphasis>
Gounelle,1909
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDF5B2092FD95" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" box="[170,1493,538,563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDF5B2092FD95" bold="true" box="[170,1493,538,563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDF5B2092FD95" box="[170,1493,538,563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">— Elytral setae yellowish,short,without long and erect setae interspersed;prothorax in male with distinct basal constriction.................................................. 4</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C532E3191075956AF8FDF7B2092FDD5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDF7B2092FDF5" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" box="[170,1493,570,595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDF7B2092FDF5" bold="true" box="[170,1493,570,595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDF7B2092FDF5" box="[170,1493,570,595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
4(3). Antennomeres bicolorous.
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491075956AE99DF7B24ADFDF5" box="[444,490,570,595]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956AED6DF7B2762FDF5" box="[499,549,570,595]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956AD09DF7B27D2FDF5" box="[556,661,570,595]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691075956ADB8DF7B2648FDF5" box="[669,783,570,595]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
)...............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791075956AA27DF7B2092FDF5" ID-CoL="4ZYS8" authority="Martins, 1980" authorityName="Martins" authorityYear="1980" box="[1282,1493,570,595]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenoeme" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annularis">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AA27DF7B2018FDF5" bold="true" box="[1282,1375,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S.annularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591075956AA41DF7B2092FDF5" author="Martins, U. R." box="[1380,1493,570,595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="221 - 229" refId="ref15763" refString="Martins, U. R. 1980. Revisao dos generos Austroeme, Stenoeme, Xanthoeme, gen. n. e Ocroeme (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 33 (11): 221 - 229." type="journal article" year="1980">Martins,1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDF1B2092FDD5" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" box="[170,1493,602,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDF1B2092FDD5" bold="true" box="[170,1493,602,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDF1B2092FDD5" box="[170,1493,602,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">— Antennomeres unicolorous....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C532E3191075956AF8FDF3B2092FD15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8718369491075956AF8FDF3B2092FD35" blockId="12.[170,1494,282,691]" box="[170,1493,634,659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691075956AF8FDF3B2092FD35" bold="true" box="[170,1493,634,659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="3C5695A191075956AF8FDF3B2092FD35" box="[170,1493,634,659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
5(4). Scape not strongly enlarged at apex,basal width about half of maximum width.
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491075956AC54DF3B26D8FD35" box="[881,927,634,659]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
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,
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Gounelle,1909
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— Scape distinctly enlarged at apex,basal width of the scape about 1.5 times of maximum width.
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491075956ACCEDFDB2170FD15" box="[1003,1079,666,691]" name="Paraguay" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
..........................
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Galileo &amp;
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Breuning, 1940
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(new state record): Aracruz,
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22.
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.1995
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, J.A.C. Simões col. (
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This species was described and remains known only from
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<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AF92DCFB2732FE75" ID-CoL="3W3Z3" authority="Fisher, 1938" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" box="[183,629,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophopoeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridianum">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AF92DCFB24A5FE75" bold="true" box="[183,482,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lophopoeum meridianum</emphasis>
Fisher, 1938
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191085959AE53DC9B24F1FE55" box="[374,438,474,499]" captionStart="Figures 2-11" captionStartId="4.[170,238,2042,2067]" captionTargetBox="[180,1484,205,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[180,1484,204,2012]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 2-11. Dorsal habitus:(2) Pirangoclytus insignis, female;(3) Phoracantha recurva, male; (4) Lasiolepturges zikani, male;(5) Lophopoeum meridianum, male; (6) Cotycicuiara chionea, male; (7) Cotycicuiara pertusa, male; (8) Zikanita perpulchra, female; (9) Adetus modestus, male; (10) Falsischnolea nigrobasalis, female; (11)Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614839/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AF7BDF5B25F5FD55" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AF7BDF5B2426FDD5" blockId="3.[94,719,538,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AF7BDF5B240EFD95" bold="true" box="[94,329,538,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AE76DF5B24E2FD95" box="[339,421,538,563]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AE96DF5B270CFD95" box="[435,587,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AE96DF5B270CFD95" box="[435,587,538,563]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Aracruz,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AE3EDF7B24D2FDF5" box="[283,405,569,595]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-19.866945">19°52′01″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AEBADF7B2765FDF5" box="[415,546,569,595]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-40.210278">40°12′37″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959AD0EDF7B2715FDF4" box="[555,594,567,595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959AD7BDF7B278CFDF5" box="[606,715,570,595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1995-05-20">
20.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AD5BDF7B27C8FDF5" box="[638,655,570,595]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1995
</date>
, J.A.C. Simões col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AE03DF1B2410FDD5" box="[294,343,602,627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AFA1DF3B25F5FD55" blockId="3.[94,719,538,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AD12DF3B2734FD35" box="[567,627,634,659]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959ADABDF3B25F8FD15" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
). Currently, it is only known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AD65DFDB273BFD15" box="[576,636,666,691]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959ADAFDFDB25E1FD75" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AF88DFFB240EFD75" box="[173,329,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AE74DFFB24F9FD75" box="[337,446,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AEE3DFFB2720FD75" box="[454,615,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AD5DDFFB25E0FD55" author="Monne, M. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

295
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
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<mods:title id="DF516DFA4308ABA9837EBE9DC9183153">New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6CBA8B3B399A7A7FEDE0D59B24917E93">Martins, David dos Santos</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AF96DA9B273EF855" box="[179,633,2010,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AF96DA9B273EF855" blockId="3.[179,633,1978,2035]" box="[179,633,2010,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="DC5081F891085959AF96DA9B273EF855" box="[179,633,2010,2035]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AF96DA9B273EF855" ID-CoL="9LTP" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[179,633,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Acrocinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AF96DA9B273EF855" bold="true" box="[179,633,2010,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AF96DA9B24F6F855" bold="true" box="[179,433,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acrocinus longimanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AE98DA9B2735F855" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[445,626,2010,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15469" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regne tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Holmiae, Salvius. v. 1, iii, 824 p." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AF7BD55B2688FBA5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AF7BD55B2788F7F5" blockId="3.[94,719,2074,2131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AF7BD55B240EF795" bold="true" box="[94,329,2074,2099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AE76D55B24E2F795" box="[339,421,2074,2099]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AE96D55B270CF795" box="[435,587,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AE96D55B270CF795" box="[435,587,2074,2099]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Aracruz,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AE02D57B24E6F7F5" box="[295,417,2105,2131]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-19.853334">19°51′12″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AE94D57B2774F7F5" box="[433,563,2105,2131]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-40.2075">40°12′27″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959AD66D57B278CF7F5" box="[579,715,2106,2131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AC3FDD9B269BFE7E" blockId="3.[793,1419,217,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991085959AC3FDD9B21D3FF55" box="[794,1172,218,243]" collectingDate="1987-06-24" collectionCode="VI, SSA" collectorName="P. M. Vieira" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
<date id="F319105491085959AC3FDD9B26C8FF55" box="[794,911,218,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1987-06-24">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91085959AC3FDD9B26C8FF55" box="[794,911,218,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1987-06-24">
24.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AC1FDD9B2616FF55" box="[826,849,218,243]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VI</collectionCode>
.1987
</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291085959AC85DD9B2152FF55" box="[928,1045,218,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P.M. Vieira</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AB78DD9B21C9FF55" box="[1117,1166,218,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991085959AB81DD9B20C0FEB2" collectingDate="1987-06-24" collectionCode="VI, SSA" collectorName="J. B. Silva" latitude="-19.811388" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.15639" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8278604F91085959AB81DD9B21BCFF55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5:8278604F91085959AB81DD9B21BCFF55" box="[1188,1275,218,243]" latitude="-19.811388" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.15639" name="Aracruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AA29DD9B20C0FF55" box="[1292,1415,217,243]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-19.811388">19°48′41″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AC3FDDBA26DBFEB2" box="[794,924,249,276]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-40.15639">40°09′23″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959AC82DDBA216CFEB2" box="[935,1067,251,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959AB13DDBA21ECFEB2" box="[1078,1195,251,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1987-06-24">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91085959AB13DDBA21ECFEB2" box="[1078,1195,251,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1987-06-24">
24.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AB73DDBA212AFEB2" box="[1110,1133,251,276]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VI</collectionCode>
.1987
</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291085959AB93DDBA2053FEB2" box="[1206,1300,251,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">J.B. Silva</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AA75DDBA20C6FEB2" box="[1360,1409,251,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991085959AC3FDC5A2154FEF3" collectingDate="1998-09-14" collectionCode="SSA" collectorName="J. E. M. Alves" latitude="-19.795834" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.084442" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8278604F91085959AC3FDC5A2636FE92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5:8278604F91085959AC3FDC5A2636FE92" box="[794,881,283,308]" latitude="-19.795834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.084442" name="Aracruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AC5CDC5A26B3FE92" box="[889,1012,282,308]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-19.795834">19°47′45″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959ACD9DC5A2138FE92" box="[1020,1151,282,308]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-40.084442">40°05′04″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959ABA2DC5A204FFE92" box="[1159,1288,283,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959AA34DC5A20C0FE92" box="[1297,1415,283,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1998-09-14">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91085959AA34DC5A20C0FE92" box="[1297,1415,283,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1998-09-14">14.IX.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291085959AC3FDC7D26DBFEF3" box="[794,924,316,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">J.E.M. Alves</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959ACF9DC7D214AFEF3" box="[988,1037,316,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991085959AB05DC7D215BFE30" collectingDate="2017-11-22" collectionCode="RNV" collectorName="D. S. Martins" latitude="-19.436249" location="Linhares" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.073414" municipality="Flona de Goytacazes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8278604F91085959AB05DC7D2139FEF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5:8278604F91085959AB05DC7D2139FEF3" box="[1056,1150,316,341]" latitude="-19.436249" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.073414" municipality="Flona de Goytacazes" name="Linhares" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linhares</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="677CACEE91085959ABABDC7D20C6FEF3" box="[1166,1409,316,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Flona de Goytacazes</collectingMunicipality>
),
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AC3FDC1C26EFFED0" box="[794,936,347,374]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="10.5" value="-19.436249">19°26′10.5″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AC9BDC1C2113FED0" box="[958,1108,347,374]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="24.3" value="-40.073414">40°04′24.3″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959AB4EDC1C21BDFED0" box="[1131,1274,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959AA34DC1C20C0FED0" box="[1297,1415,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2017-11-22">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91085959AA34DC1C20C0FED0" box="[1297,1415,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2017-11-22">22.XI.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291085959AC3FDC3C26E6FE30" box="[794,929,381,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D.S. Martins</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959ACC5DC3C2151FE30" box="[992,1046,381,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">RNV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991085959AB0CDC3C269FFE7E" collectingDate="1998-05-17" collectionCode="V, RNV" collectorName="J. S. Santos" latitude="-19.159555" location="Linhares" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.03814" municipality="Reserva Natural Vale" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8278604F91085959AB0CDC3C21C0FE30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291085959AF96DA9B2688FBA5:8278604F91085959AB0CDC3C21C0FE30" box="[1065,1159,381,406]" latitude="-19.159555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.03814" municipality="Reserva Natural Vale" name="Linhares" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linhares</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="677CACEE91085959ABB3DC3C20C4FE30" box="[1174,1411,381,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Reserva Natural Vale</collectingMunicipality>
)
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AC3FDCDF26EFFE11" box="[794,936,413,439]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="34.4" value="-19.159555">19°09′34.4″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AC90DCDF210CFE11" box="[949,1099,413,439]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="17.3" value="-40.03814">40°02′17.3″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959AB7DDCDF2198FE11" box="[1112,1247,414,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959ABC8DCDF201EFE11" box="[1261,1369,414,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1998-05-17">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91085959ABC8DCDF201EFE11" box="[1261,1369,414,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1998-05-17">
17.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AA2EDCDF205BFE11" box="[1291,1308,414,439]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1998
</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291085959AA4DDCDF2622FE7E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">J.S. Santos</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959ACB9DCFE2695FE7E" box="[924,978,447,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">RNV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AC1ADC9E2688FBA5" blockId="3.[793,1419,217,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AC1ADC9E26B5FE5E" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[831,1010,479,504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15469" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regne tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Holmiae, Salvius. v. 1, iii, 824 p." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
reported the species from
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AA0BDC9E20CDFE5E" box="[1326,1418,479,504]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">America</taxonomicName>
(no further details). However, he also listed the works by some previous authors:
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AB6ADF60219CFD9C" author="Grew, H." box="[1103,1243,545,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15199" refString="Grew, H. 1681. Musaeum Regalis Societatis. Or a catalogue &amp; description of the natural and artificial rarities belonging to the Royal Scociety anf preserved at Grefham Colledge. London, W. Rawlins. viii + 386 p. + 43 p. + 31 plates." type="book" year="1681">Grew (1681)</bibRefCitation>
, who listed the species from “West-Indies”;
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AB78DF002047FDFC" author="Merian, M. S." box="[1117,1280,577,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16120" refString="Merian, M. S. 1705. Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium. Ofte verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ookde generatie der kikvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren warden ver toond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven. Amsterdan, M. S. Merian &amp; Valck G. ii + 60 p. + 60 plates." type="book" year="1705">Merian (1705)</bibRefCitation>
, who listed the species from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ACC5DF232178FDDD" box="[992,1087,610,635]" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Surinam</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AB6FDF2321A8FDDD" author="Vincent, L." box="[1098,1263,610,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17083" refString="Vincent, L. 1699. Elenchus tabularum, pinacothecarum, atque nonnullorum cimeliorum, in gazophylacio Levini Vincent. Harlem, Vicent, L. xxii + 52 p. + 7 plates." type="book" year="1699">Vincent (1699)</bibRefCitation>
, who did not report any place;
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959ACC6DFC22128FD3A" author="Rosel, A. J." box="[995,1135,643,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16777" refString="Rosel, A. J. 1746. De natuurlyke historie der insecten; voorzien met naar't leven getekendeengekoleurdeplaaten. Volgenseigenondervindingbeschreeven, door den heer August Johan Rosel, van Rosenhof, miniatuur-schilder. Met zeer nutte en fraaie aanmerkingen verrykt, door den heer C. F. C. Kleemann. Amsterdam, C. H. Bohn &amp; Gartman H. 2, part 1, x + 251 p." type="book" year="1746">Rösel (1746)</bibRefCitation>
, probably from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AA02DFC220C1FD3A" box="[1319,1414,643,668]" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Surinam</collectingCountry>
. Accordingly,the type locality of the
<typeStatus id="581C883691085959AB84DFE22043FD1A" box="[1185,1284,675,700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
is“
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AA01DFE220C7FD1A" box="[1316,1408,675,700]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">America</taxonomicName>
”, “West-Indies”, and “
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ACD4DF852108FD7B" box="[1009,1103,708,733]" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Surinam</collectingCountry>
”, and not only “
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AA20DF852027FD7B" box="[1285,1376,708,733]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">America</taxonomicName>
” as has been reported in catalogs.Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AC3CDE44262EFCB8" box="[793,873,773,798]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC5FDE442680FCB8" box="[890,967,773,798]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959ACF0DE442170FCB8" box="[981,1079,773,798]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AB63DE4421E4FCB8" box="[1094,1187,773,798]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB9DDE4421BCFCB8" box="[1208,1275,773,798]" name="Belize" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AA2FDE4420C1FCB8" box="[1290,1414,773,798]" name="Guatemala" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AC3FDE6726CEFC99" box="[794,905,806,831]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ACB3DE672151FC99" box="[918,1046,806,831]" name="El Salvador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB06DE6721D0FC99" box="[1059,1175,806,831]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB81DE67205AFC99" box="[1188,1309,806,831]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AA0EDE6720C0FC99" box="[1323,1415,806,831]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AC3FDE06263FFCC6" box="[794,888,839,864]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AC5ADE0626AAFCC6" box="[895,1005,839,864]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ACD0DE06212DFCC6" box="[1013,1130,839,864]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB57DE062189FCC6" box="[1138,1230,839,864]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ABF3DE062072FCC6" box="[1238,1333,839,864]" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Surinam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AA1BDE06262DFC26" name="French Guiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AC5FDE26268CFC26" box="[890,971,871,896]" name="Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ACFEDE262150FC26" box="[987,1047,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas, Pará,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959ABD7DE2620C1FC26" box="[1266,1414,871,896]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC3FDEC9261DFC07" box="[794,858,904,929]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC4DDEC926EFFC07" box="[872,936,904,929]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC92DEC9210BFC07" box="[951,1100,904,929]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AB7FDEC92044FC07" box="[1114,1283,904,929]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AA37DEC920C1FC07" box="[1298,1414,904,929]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC3FDEE9262FFC67" box="[794,872,936,961]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC51DEE9210CFC67" box="[884,1099,936,961]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB7BDEE921D4FC67" box="[1118,1171,936,961]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959ABBADEE921AEFC67" box="[1183,1257,936,961]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959ABDCDEE92069FC67" box="[1273,1326,936,961]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Beni</collectingRegion>
, La Paz,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AC3FDE8826DFFC44" box="[794,920,969,994]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AC8FDE882155FC44" box="[938,1042,969,994]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB3ADE8821CAFC44" box="[1055,1165,969,994]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Misiones,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AA2ADE8820C4FC44" box="[1295,1411,969,994]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AC05DEAB2682FBA5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[800,965,1002,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

122
data/0F/0E/87/0F0E878291085959AFC7DB1B27C5F8D5.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AFC7DB1B270CF9D5" box="[226,587,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AFC7DB1B270CF9D5" blockId="3.[226,587,1626,1683]" box="[226,587,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="DC5081F891085959AFC7DB1B270CF9D5" box="[226,587,1626,1651]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AFC7DB1B270CF9D5" ID-CoL="7GFCW" authority="Lane, 1943" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1943" box="[226,587,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zikanita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpulchra">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AFC7DB1B270CF9D5" bold="true" box="[226,587,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AFC7DB1B2482F9D5" bold="true" box="[226,453,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zikanita perpulchra</emphasis>
Lane, 1943
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AE4BDB3B24F9F935" box="[366,446,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AE4BDB3B24F9F935" blockId="3.[226,587,1626,1683]" box="[366,446,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AE4BDB3B24F9F935" bold="true" box="[366,446,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191085959AE53DB3B24F1F935" box="[374,438,1658,1683]" captionStart="Figures 2-11" captionStartId="4.[170,238,2042,2067]" captionTargetBox="[180,1484,205,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[180,1484,204,2012]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 2-11. Dorsal habitus:(2) Pirangoclytus insignis, female;(3) Phoracantha recurva, male; (4) Lasiolepturges zikani, male;(5) Lophopoeum meridianum, male; (6) Cotycicuiara chionea, male; (7) Cotycicuiara pertusa, male; (8) Zikanita perpulchra, female; (9) Adetus modestus, male; (10) Falsischnolea nigrobasalis, female; (11)Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614839/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AF7BDBFB27C5F8D5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AF7BDBFB2438F8B5" blockId="3.[93,719,1722,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AF7BDBFB240EF975" bold="true" box="[94,329,1722,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AE76DBFB24E2F975" box="[339,421,1722,1747]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AE96DBFB270CF975" box="[435,587,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AE96DBFB270CF975" box="[435,587,1722,1747]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959AD04DB9B2700F954" box="[545,583,1751,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959AD73DB9B278BF955" box="[598,716,1754,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2016-11-16">16.XI.2016</date>
, Martins &amp; Fiuza col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AE1ADBBB2432F8B5" box="[319,373,1786,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">RNV</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AFA1DA5B27C5F8D5" blockId="3.[93,719,1722,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AEC2DA5B2764F895" box="[487,547,1818,1843]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AD0BDA5B278CF895" box="[558,715,1818,1843]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AF7BDA7B258AF8F5" box="[94,205,1850,1875]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
).Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AED9DA7B277FF8F5" box="[508,568,1850,1875]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AD67DA7B27C3F8F5" box="[578,644,1850,1875]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959ADAEDA7B25E2F8D5" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AF88DA1B240DF8D5" box="[173,330,1882,1907]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AE76DA1B2486F8D5" box="[339,449,1882,1907]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AEF6DA1B2730F8D5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[467,631,1882,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

165
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<mods:title id="6381B64F0E60C1ED9C17E4220403D6A0">New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="76A882B73276176F5B262DB8D6ECDF7B">Santos-Silva, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4361A105AC76D86F0A3A432E64B08BF1">Botero, Juan Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91085959AC14DAD921C6F877" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AC14DAD921C6F877" blockId="3.[817,1394,1911,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AC14DAD921C6F877" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791085959AC14DAD92035F817" ID-CoL="BJNR2" authority="Galileo &amp; Santos-Silva, 2016" authorityName="Galileo &amp; Santos-Silva" authorityYear="2016" box="[817,1394,1944,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Blabicentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AC14DAD92164F817" bold="true" box="[817,1059,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Blabicentrus lineatus</emphasis>
Galileo &amp; Santos-Silva, 2016
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191085959AB0FDAF9213EF877" box="[1066,1145,1976,2001]" captionStart="Figures 12-22" captionStartId="7.[94,162,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 12-22. (12) Blabicentrus lineatus, female, dorsal habitus; (13) Pseudestola densepunctata, female, dorsal habitus; (14) Proceroblesthis prolata, male, dorsal habitus; (15) Butocrysa insignis, male, dorsal habitus; (16) Phoebella albomaculata, male, dorsal habitus; (17) Rhaphiptera affinis, male, dorsal habitus; (18) Desmiphora(Desmiphora) cirrosa, female,dorsal habitus;(19) Cipriscola fasciata, male,dorsal habitus.(20-21) Metacriodioncapixaba,female:(20)dorsal view; (21) ventral view;(22) Eriphusmexicanus, female,dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614843/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F9108595FAC3FDAB8275BFE95" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AC3FDAB826B7F7F5" blockId="3.[794,1418,2041,2131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AC3FDAB82143F7B4" bold="true" box="[794,1028,2041,2066]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AB2ADAB82126F7B4" box="[1039,1121,2041,2066]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691085959AB4BDAB82041F7B4" box="[1134,1286,2041,2066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AB4BDAB82041F7B4" box="[1134,1286,2041,2066]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Aracruz,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959ACF0D5582108F794" box="[981,1103,2072,2098]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-19.863056">19°51′47″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391085959AB7DD558219CF794" box="[1112,1243,2072,2098]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-40.203335">40°12′12″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91085959ABC6D5582041F797" box="[1251,1286,2070,2098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491085959AA34D55820C1F794" box="[1297,1414,2073,2098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1994-11-06">06.XI.1994</date>
, J.A.C. Simões (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191085959AC90D57B26A1F7F5" box="[949,998,2106,2131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3D8661C910F595EAF8FDABB275AF7F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614839/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[170,238,2042,2067]" targetBox="[180,1484,205,2012]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="87183694910F595EAF8FDABB275AF7F5" blockId="4.[170,1494,2042,2131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figures 2-11. Dorsal habitus:(2)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EAEE5DABB2735F7B5" bold="true" box="[448,626,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EAEE5DABB2729F7B5" baseAuthorityName="Chevrolat" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[448,622,2042,2067]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pirangoclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">Pirangoclytus insignis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
female;(3)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EADF1DABB2638F7B5" bold="true" box="[724,895,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EADF1DABB263CF7B5" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1840" box="[724,891,2042,2067]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Phoracantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurva">Phoracantha recurva</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male; (4)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EACF7DABB213AF7B5" bold="true" box="[978,1149,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EACF7DABB213FF7B5" authorityName="Melzer" authorityYear="1928" box="[978,1144,2042,2067]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lasiolepturges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zikani">Lasiolepturges zikani</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male;(5)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EABEADABB20E4F7B5" bold="true" box="[1231,1443,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EABEADABB20D9F7B5" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" box="[1231,1438,2042,2067]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophopoeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridianum">Lophopoeum meridianum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male; (6)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EAFEDD55B2436F795" bold="true" box="[200,369,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EAFEDD55B242AF795" authorityName="Martins &amp; Galileo" authorityYear="2010" box="[200,365,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cotycicuiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionea">Cotycicuiara chionea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male; (7)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EAEEDD55B2728F795" bold="true" box="[456,623,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EAEEDD55B272CF795" authorityName="Martins &amp; Galileo" authorityYear="2010" box="[456,619,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cotycicuiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusa">Cotycicuiara pertusa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male; (8)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EADE3D55B262FF795" bold="true" box="[710,872,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EADE3D55B2624F795" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1943" box="[710,867,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zikanita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpulchra">Zikanita perpulchra</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
female; (9)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EACEBD55B211BF795" bold="true" box="[974,1116,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EACEBD55B211FF795" authorityName="Melzer" authorityYear="1934" box="[974,1112,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Adetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Adetus modestus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male; (10)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EAB98D55B20D5F795" bold="true" box="[1213,1426,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EAB98D55B20C9F795" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1940" box="[1213,1422,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Falsischnolea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrobasalis">Falsischnolea nigrobasalis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
female; (11)
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910F595EAFF5D57B24ADF7F5" bold="true" box="[208,490,2106,2131]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910F595EAFF5D57B24A1F7F5" authorityName="Melzer" authorityYear="1935" box="[208,486,2106,2131]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Desmiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Desmiphora">Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAFA1DD9B275BFE95" blockId="5.[94,719,218,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This species was recently described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAD7BDD9B27DDFF55" box="[606,666,218,243]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD8CDD9B2594FEB5" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAFC0DDBB24CDFEB5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[229,394,250,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus id="581C8836910E595FAD4FDDBB2788FEB5" box="[618,719,250,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was destroyed during a fire in the
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAEF3DC5B275FFE95" box="[470,536,282,307]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

191
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@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91095958AC98D95B203AFB95" box="[957,1405,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8718369491095958AC98D95B203AFB95" blockId="2.[957,1405,986,1075]" box="[957,1405,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="DC5081F891095958AC98D95B203AFB95" box="[957,1405,1050,1075]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791095958AC98D95B203AFB95" ID-CoL="SGHW" authority="(Gounelle, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Gounelle" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[957,1405,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceralocyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AC98D95B203AFB95" bold="true" box="[957,1405,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AC98D95B21F3FB95" bold="true" box="[957,1204,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ceralocyna nigricollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958ABE4D95B2032FB95" author="Gounelle, E." box="[1217,1397,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref15159" refString="Gounelle, E. 1911. Liste des cerambycides de la region de Jatahy, Etat de Goyaz, Bresil (2 e partie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 80: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1911">Gounelle, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91095958AC40D91B2061F8B5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491095958AC40D91B2076FB55" blockId="2.[869,1495,1114,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AC40D91B2108FBD5" bold="true" box="[869,1103,1114,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991095958AB7FD91B21C8FB15" collectingDate="1995-05-22" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="J. A. C. Simoes" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.858889" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.218056" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AB7FD91B21EBFBD5" box="[1114,1196,1114,1139]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AB9FD91B2016FBD5" box="[1210,1361,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB9FD91B2016FBD5" box="[1210,1361,1114,1139]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record):
<location id="8278604F91095958ACE4D93B215FFB35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291095958AC98D95B2061F8B5:8278604F91095958ACE4D93B215FFB35" box="[961,1048,1146,1171]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.858889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.218056" name="Aracruz" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391095958AB06D93B21D9FB35" box="[1059,1182,1145,1171]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-19.858889">19°51′32″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391095958AB8DD93B206DFB35" box="[1192,1322,1145,1171]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-40.218056">40°13′05″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91095958AA11D93B201FFB34" box="[1332,1368,1143,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491095958AA40D93B2095FB35" box="[1381,1490,1146,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1995-05-22">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91095958AA40D93B2095FB35" box="[1381,1490,1146,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1995-05-22">22.V.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291095958AC42D9DB26B9FB15" box="[871,1022,1178,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J.A.C. Simões</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191095958AB66D9DB21CEFB15" box="[1091,1161,1178,1203]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991095958ABBBD9DB206AFB55" collectingDate="1972-11" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="P. C. Elias &amp; Belo Horizonte" country="Brazil" location="Linhares" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<location id="8278604F91095958ABBBD9DB21B9FB15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291095958AC98D95B2061F8B5:8278604F91095958ABBBD9DB21B9FB15" box="[1182,1278,1178,1203]" country="Brazil" name="Linhares" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Linhares</location>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91095958AA2BD9DB207DFB14" box="[1294,1338,1175,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491095958AA69D9DB20E7FB15" box="[1356,1440,1178,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1972-11">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91095958AA69D9DB20E7FB15" box="[1356,1440,1178,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1972-11">XI.1972</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291095958AA95D9DB26D1FB75" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P.C. Elias</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191095958ACF3D9FB215BFB75" box="[982,1052,1210,1235]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AB0BD9FB21FCFB75" box="[1070,1211,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB0BD9FB21FCFB75" box="[1070,1211,1210,1235]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record):
<collectorName id="2A52534291095958AA81D9FB2692FB55" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Belo Horizonte</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91095958ACFBD99B2147FB54" box="[990,1024,1239,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, no additional data (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191095958ABC4D99B2060FB55" box="[1249,1319,1242,1267]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491095958ACAED9BB26A5F9B5" blockId="2.[869,1495,1114,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991095958ACAED9BB26C9FA35" collectorName="This &amp; Currently" country="Brazil" location="The" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<collectorName id="2A52534291095958ACAED9BB26FFFAB5" box="[907,952,1274,1299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">This</collectorName>
species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AA11D9BB2037FAB5" box="[1332,1392,1274,1299]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Goiás).
<collectorName id="2A52534291095958AC40D85B2689FA95" box="[869,974,1306,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Currently</collectorName>
, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AB85D85B219BFA95" box="[1184,1244,1306,1331]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Mato Grosso, Goiás),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AC40D87B26E8FAF5" box="[869,943,1338,1363]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AC98D87B217DFAF5" box="[957,1082,1338,1363]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958AB6BD87B21B4FAF5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[1102,1267,1338,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref16320" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 a. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020a</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="8278604F91095958AA21D87B206AFAF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E878291095958AC98D95B2061F8B5:8278604F91095958AA21D87B206AFAF5" box="[1284,1325,1338,1363]" country="Brazil" name="The" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">The</location>
species shows some chromatic variation: sides of pronotum orange or red
</materialsCitation>
; elytra mostly orange or red; prosternum entirely orange or with anterior area black; femora may be entirely black or meso- and metafemora bicolorous (basal third yellowish brown or reddish brown and remaining surface black).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491095958ACAEDB5B2061F8B5" blockId="2.[869,1495,1114,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958ACAEDB5B217AF995" author="Gounelle, E." box="[907,1085,1562,1587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref15159" refString="Gounelle, E. 1911. Liste des cerambycides de la region de Jatahy, Etat de Goyaz, Bresil (2 e partie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 80: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1911">Gounelle (1911)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791095958AB92DB5B2091F995" box="[1207,1494,1562,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceralocyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="terminata" variety="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AB92DB5B207BF995" box="[1207,1340,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. terminata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AA55DB5B2091F995" box="[1392,1494,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">nigricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on males and females.
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958AB9DDB7B2092F9F5" author="Monne, M. A. &amp; Giesbert, E. F." box="[1208,1493,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="249 - 255" refId="ref16522" refString="Monne, M. A. &amp; Giesbert, E. F. 1992. Nomenclatural notes on Western Hemisphere Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 6 (2): 249 - 255." type="journal article" year="1992">Monné &amp; Giesbert (1992)</bibRefCitation>
considered this subspecies as distinct from
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AA6EDB1B2090F9D5" box="[1355,1495,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791095958AA6EDB1B2095F9D5" baseAuthorityName="Buquet" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1355,1490,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceralocyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminata">C. terminata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Comparing photographs of the
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of
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791095958AA79DB3B263CF915" baseAuthorityName="Buquet" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceralocyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminata">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AA79DB3B263CF915" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. terminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with that of a
<typeStatus id="581C883691095958AB01DBDB213BF915" box="[1060,1148,1690,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AB81DBDB206DF915" box="[1188,1322,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791095958AB81DBDB2061F915" baseAuthorityName="Gounelle" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1188,1318,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceralocyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">C. nigricollis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
as well as with the specimens examined by us,
<taxonomicName id="40A74D1791095958ABE8DBFB2009F975" baseAuthorityName="Gounelle" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1229,1358,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceralocyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958ABE8DBFB2009F975" box="[1229,1358,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. nigricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AC42DB9B26ABF955" box="[871,1004,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. terminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only by the elytral punctures not aligned in rows, while they are aligned in the latter.
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140
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958ACECDF5B21FCFD95" bold="true" box="[969,1211,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phoracantha recurva</emphasis>
Newman, 1840
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AC40DF3B2108FD35" bold="true" box="[869,1103,634,659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AB7FDF3B21EBFD35" box="[1114,1196,634,659]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB9FDF3B2016FD35" box="[1210,1361,634,659]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Linhares,
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,
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, J.S. Santos col. (
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This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AA1DDFFB2092FD75" box="[1336,1493,698,723]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Holland</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AC4EDF9B2695FD55" box="[875,978,730,755]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Australia</collectingCountry>
). Currently it is known in
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from the
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(
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),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958ABBFDFBB2191FCB5" box="[1178,1238,762,787]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958ABCCDFBB206CFCB5" box="[1257,1323,762,787]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AA1EDFBB2094FCB5" box="[1339,1491,762,787]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AC40DE5B26F4FC95" box="[869,947,794,819]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958ACE7DE5B212CFC95" box="[962,1131,794,819]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB5CDE5B2012FC95" box="[1145,1365,794,819]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AA4FDE5B2095FC95" box="[1386,1490,794,819]" name="Paraguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AC40DE7B26E7FCF5" box="[869,928,826,851]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AC8CDE7B2150FCF5" box="[937,1047,826,851]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB01DE7B21DDFCF5" box="[1060,1178,826,851]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
, Córdoba,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AA2ADE7B202EFCF5" box="[1295,1385,826,851]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AA54DE7B2095FCF5" box="[1393,1490,826,851]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Santa Fé</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AC43DE1B269FFCD5" box="[870,984,858,883]" country="Argentina" name="Entre Rios" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Entre Ríos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958ACC5DE1B2135FCD5" box="[992,1138,858,883]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB59DE1B21ACFCD5" box="[1148,1259,858,883]" country="Argentina" name="La Pampa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">La Pampa</collectingRegion>
, Río Negro),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AA53DE1B2092FCD5" box="[1398,1493,858,883]" name="Uruguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958AC49DE3B2148FC35" author="Monne, M. A." box="[876,1039,890,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref16320" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 a. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020a</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AE2EDAFB24A4F875" bold="true" box="[267,483,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pantomallus tristis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AF8FDABB24C9F7B5" bold="true" box="[170,398,2042,2067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC991095958AEB6DABB275FF7F5" collectingDate="1987-12-11" collectionCode="RNV" collectorName="J. S. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.148" location="Linhares" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.067554" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AEB6DABB24A2F7B5" box="[403,485,2042,2067]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AEC9DABB2739F7B5" box="[492,638,2042,2067]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record):
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91095958AF89D57B2460F7F5" box="[172,295,2106,2131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1987-12-11">11.XII.1987</collectingDate>
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,
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E293505391095958AC40DD9B26BCFF55" box="[869,1019,217,243]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="17.3" value="-40.03814">40°02′17.3″W</geoCoordinate>
,
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<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91095958AB8EDD9B2056FF55" box="[1195,1297,218,243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1988-01-22">22.I.1988</collectingDate>
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,
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col. (
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;
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Linhares,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391095958AB94DDBB2000FEB5" box="[1201,1351,249,275]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="03.2" value="-40.067554">40°04′03.2″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91095958AA75DDBB2095FEB5" box="[1360,1490,250,275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491095958AC43DC5B26A5FE95" box="[870,994,282,307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1990-12-11">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC91095958AC43DC5B26A5FE95" box="[870,994,282,307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1990-12-11">11.XII.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A52534291095958ACCFDC5B211AFE95" box="[1002,1117,282,307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J.S. Santos</collectorName>
col. (
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491095958ACAEDC7B20D7FE15" blockId="2.[869,1494,217,435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
This species was originally described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AAA3DC7B2095FEF5" box="[1414,1490,314,339]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
. Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AB8CDC1B21B4FED5" box="[1193,1267,346,371]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AA26DC1B20C2FED5" box="[1283,1413,346,371]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AABCDC1B2092FED5" box="[1433,1493,346,371]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Pará,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AC93DC3B2163FE35" box="[950,1060,378,403]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB1EDC3B2191FE35" box="[1083,1238,378,403]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958ABC8DC3B2027FE35" box="[1261,1376,378,403]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958AA5ADC3B26EAFE15" author="Monne, M. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref16320" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 a. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020a</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591095958AC99DCDB212FFE15" author="Martins, U. R." box="[956,1128,410,435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="57 - 83" refId="ref15806" refString="Martins, U. R. 1997 a. Contribuicoes para uma revisao das especies sulamericanas da tribo Eburiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 41 (1): 57 - 83." type="journal article" year="1997">Martins (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
also reported it from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AA72DCDB20CBFE15" box="[1367,1420,410,435]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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132
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</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A1191095958AB58DAFB21FAF875" box="[1149,1213,1978,2003]" captionStart="Figures 2-11" captionStartId="4.[170,238,2042,2067]" captionTargetBox="[180,1484,205,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[180,1484,204,2012]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 2-11. Dorsal habitus:(2) Pirangoclytus insignis, female;(3) Phoracantha recurva, male; (4) Lasiolepturges zikani, male;(5) Lophopoeum meridianum, male; (6) Cotycicuiara chionea, male; (7) Cotycicuiara pertusa, male; (8) Zikanita perpulchra, female; (9) Adetus modestus, male; (10) Falsischnolea nigrobasalis, female; (11)Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614839/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F91095959AC40DABB277CFED5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8718369491095958AC40DABB2103F7F5" blockId="2.[869,1494,2042,2131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AC40DABB2108F7B5" bold="true" box="[869,1103,2042,2067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491095958AB7FDABB21EBF7B5" box="[1114,1196,2042,2067]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA8691095958AB9FDABB2016F7B5" box="[1210,1361,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691095958AB9FDABB2016F7B5" box="[1210,1361,2042,2067]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Aracruz,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391095958AB3AD55B21DDF795" box="[1055,1178,2073,2099]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-19.822224">19°49′20″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E293505391095958AB87D55B2062F795" box="[1186,1317,2073,2099]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-40.13778">40°08′16″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D91095958AA08D55B2013F794" box="[1325,1364,2071,2099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F319105491095958AA7BD55B2095F795" box="[1374,1490,2074,2099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1986-04-30">
30.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191095958AA5BD55B20D2F795" box="[1406,1429,2074,2099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">IV</collectionCode>
.1986
</date>
, P.M. Vieira col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE5191095958AB2CD57B217DF7F5" box="[1033,1082,2106,2131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8718369491085959AFA1DD9B277CFED5" blockId="3.[94,719,218,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AD0DDD9B2723FF55" box="[552,612,218,243]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AD5EDD9B25F4FEB5" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
). Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AEC2DDBB2764FEB5" box="[487,547,250,275]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AD0BDDBB278CFEB5" box="[558,715,250,275]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AF7BDC5B2594FE95" box="[94,211,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AFC7DC5B24C9FE95" box="[226,398,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AE87DC5B2490FE95" box="[418,471,282,307]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AEC3DC5B2777FE95" box="[486,560,282,307]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F87691085959AD67DC5B2783FE95" box="[578,708,282,307]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AF7BDC7B25B8FEF5" box="[94,255,314,339]" name="French Guiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AE2FDC7B24E8FEF5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[266,431,314,339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AE9BDC7B2718FEF5" author="Schmid, H." box="[446,607,314,339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="289 - 291" refId="ref16906" refString="Schmid, H. 2017. EinneuerBockkaferausEcuador (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 87: 289 - 291." type="journal article" year="2017">Schmid (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, based on
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B6591085959AF7BDC1B2426FED5" author="Bezark, L. G. &amp; Monne, M. A." box="[94,353,346,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14687" refString="Bezark, L. G. &amp; Monne, M. A. 2013. ChecklistoftheOxypeltidae, Vesperidae, Disteniidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Available at: http: // plant. cdfa. ca. gov / byciddb / checklists / WestHemiCerambycidae 2013. pdf. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2013">Bezark &amp; Monné (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, listed it in
<collectingCountry id="FFB0760491085959AEFFDC1B2771FED5" box="[474,566,346,371]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

173
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View file

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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910D595CAC8EDCBB218AFD95" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAC8EDCBB218AFD95" blockId="6.[939,1423,442,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAC8EDCBB218AFD95" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAC8EDCBB20C8FDB5" ID-CoL="3B76H" authority="Audinet-Serville, 1834" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1834" box="[939,1423,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAC8EDCBB21C6FDB5" bold="true" box="[939,1153,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eriphus mexicanus</emphasis>
Audinet-Serville, 1834
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910D595CAB50DF5B2183FD95" box="[1141,1220,538,563]" captionStart="Figures 12-22" captionStartId="7.[94,162,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 12-22. (12) Blabicentrus lineatus, female, dorsal habitus; (13) Pseudestola densepunctata, female, dorsal habitus; (14) Proceroblesthis prolata, male, dorsal habitus; (15) Butocrysa insignis, male, dorsal habitus; (16) Phoebella albomaculata, male, dorsal habitus; (17) Rhaphiptera affinis, male, dorsal habitus; (18) Desmiphora(Desmiphora) cirrosa, female,dorsal habitus;(19) Cipriscola fasciata, male,dorsal habitus.(20-21) Metacriodioncapixaba,female:(20)dorsal view; (21) ventral view;(22) Eriphusmexicanus, female,dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614843/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910D595CACAEDF1B2012FA15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CACAEDF1B206BFB75" blockId="6.[868,1495,602,1362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
This species was described based on a single specimen from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CACC8DF3B217AFD35" box="[1005,1085,634,659]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(no further details). Later,
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910D595CAAA1DF3B26ECFD15" author="Buquet, J. B. L." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14776" refString="Buquet, J. B. L. 1844. In: Guerin-Meneville, F. E. Iconographie du regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non enconre figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux (Insectes). Paris, J. B. Bailliere. v. 7, 576 p." type="book" year="1844">Buquet (1844)</bibRefCitation>
described
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAB0EDFDB2052FD15" box="[1067,1301,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAB0EDFDB2055FD15" box="[1067,1298,666,691]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unipunctatus">Eriphus unipunctatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but the
<typeStatus id="581C8836910D595CAA59DFDB20E9FD15" box="[1404,1454,666,691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality is unknown (“Hab. inconnue”).
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910D595CAA3DDFFB2092FD75" author="Chevrolat, L. A." box="[1304,1493,698,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="747 - 763" refId="ref14843" refString="Chevrolat, L. A. 1862. Revision des genres Eriphus et Mallosoma Serville, du groupe des clytides et description de trois nouveaux genres dont un doit etre rapporte au groupe des callidiites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Quatrieme Serie, 2: 747 - 763." type="journal article" year="1862">Chevrolat (1862)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAB2CDF9B21F0FD55" box="[1033,1207,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unipunctatus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAB2CDF9B21F0FD55" box="[1033,1207,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. unipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAA2DDF9B20DDFD55" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1834" box="[1288,1434,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAA2DDF9B20DDFD55" box="[1288,1434,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and indicated
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CACF3DFBB2161FCB5" box="[982,1062,762,787]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
as the country where the species occurs. According to him (translated): “Collection of Mr. J. Thomson. The
<typeStatus id="581C8836910D595CAB2ADE7B2106FCF5" box="[1039,1089,826,851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
of Serville no longer existed when I acquired almost all of the
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CABB8DE1B207BFCD5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1181,1340,858,883]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
from this author”.
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910D595CAC88DE3B211BFC35" author="Monne, M. A." box="[941,1116,890,915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref16230" refString="Monne, M. A. 1994 a. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part XI. Subfamily Cerambycinae: Tribes Torneutini, Trachyderini and Basipterini. Sao Paulo, Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. 157 p." type="book" year="1994">Monné (1994a)</bibRefCitation>
indicated
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CABFBDE3B2029FC35" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1834" box="[1246,1390,890,915]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CABFBDE3B2029FC35" box="[1246,1390,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAC40DEDB26E6FC15" box="[869,929,922,947]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAC97DEDB2115FC15" box="[946,1106,922,947]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CABB7DEDB207AFC15" box="[1170,1341,922,947]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910D595CAAA3DEDB2161FC75" author="Monne, M. A. &amp; Fragoso, S. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref16473" refString="Monne, M. A. &amp; Fragoso, S. A. 1996. Sobre Eriphus Audinet-Serville, 1834 e Athetesis Bates, 1870 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Trachyderini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 40 (1): 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1996">Monné &amp; Fragoso (1996)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed this information. However,
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910D595CAC40DE9B213BFC55" author="Monne, M. A. &amp; Giesbert, E. F." box="[869,1148,986,1011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref16559" refString="Monne, M. A. &amp; Giesbert, E. F. 1994. Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Burbank, Wolfsgarden Books. 409 p." type="book" year="1994">Monné &amp; Giesbert (1994)</bibRefCitation>
listed the species from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAAA0DE9B2092FC55" box="[1413,1493,986,1011]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CACBEDEBB26B0FBB5" box="[923,1015,1018,1043]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
. Usually, the inclusions of new records in this checklist were based on Giesbert’s private collection, which is currently deposited at FSCA. It will be necessary to examine the specimens to confirm if they are
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAAA6D91B26EDFB35" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAAA6D91B26E1FB35" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">E. mexicanus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
If they are
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAB0CD93B21FEFB35" box="[1065,1209,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAB0CD93B21F2FB35" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1834" box="[1065,1205,1146,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">E. mexicanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
this indicate that
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAAA6D93B26E3FB15" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAAA6D93B26E3FB15" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CACF8D9DB21C3FB15" box="[989,1156,1178,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unipunctatus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CACF8D9DB21C3FB15" box="[989,1156,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. unipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not the same species, due to the isolated geographical distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CACAED99B2092FA95" blockId="6.[868,1495,602,1362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The specimen examined by us agrees perfectly with the original descriptions and with the photograph of the
<typeStatus id="581C8836910D595CAC40D85B268DFA95" box="[869,970,1306,1331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CACCDD85B21D5FA95" box="[1000,1170,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CACCDD85B21C9FA95" box="[1000,1166,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Eriphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unipunctatus">E.unipunctatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
differing only by the absence
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAC41D87B2092FA35" blockId="6.[868,1495,602,1362]" lastBlockId="6.[869,1493,1402,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
of the black spot on base of the pronotum.
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAC40D83B210CFA35" bold="true" box="[869,1099,1402,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAB77D83B21E5FA35" box="[1106,1186,1402,1427]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAB89D83B2001FA35" box="[1196,1350,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAB89D83B2007FA35" box="[1196,1344,1402,1427]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Aracruz,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910D595CAA89D83B2097FA34" box="[1452,1488,1399,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAC40D8DB2012FA15" blockId="6.[869,1493,1402,1459]" box="[869,1365,1434,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<date id="F3191054910D595CAC40D8DB2693FA15" box="[869,980,1434,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1986-10-12">12.X.1986</date>
, J.B. Silva col. (MZSP, formerly SSA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="DB96C43F5E8A549B2C33FC9793E1D3ED">New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="60D2D377B8861175294470357844BD7C">Santos-Silva, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A494788425B7C99F7E3A2148835CD8BB">Botero, Juan Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC611848E785EF44C4127BD55DB0043D">Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto de Lima</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5393002D14D61E008C11CAFAE7072084">Martins, David dos Santos</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910D595CAFC9DA5B276CF8F5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAFC9DA5B276CF8F5" blockId="6.[236,727,1754,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAFC9DA5B276CF8F5" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910D595CAFC9DA5B2790F895" ID-CoL="4M6X4" authority="Martins &amp; Galileo, 1999" authorityName="Martins &amp; Galileo" authorityYear="1999" box="[236,727,1818,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Potiaete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAFC9DA5B24F8F895" bold="true" box="[236,447,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Potiaete maculata</emphasis>
Martins &amp; Galileo, 1999
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910D595CAE84DA7B2765F8F5" box="[417,546,1850,1875]" captionStart="Figures 23-33" captionStartId="8.[170,238,2042,2067]" captionTargetBox="[180,1484,204,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[180,1484,204,2012]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 23-33. (23-26) Potiaete maculata, holotype male: (23) dorsal habitus;(24) ventral habitus; (25) lateral habitus;(26) head, frontal view. (27-29) Potiaete maculata,female:(27)dorsal habitus;(28)ventral habitus;(29)lateral habitus.(30-33) Trestoniagrisea,female:(30)dorsalhabitus;(31) ventralhabitus;(32)lateral habitus;(33) head,frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614849/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 23-29</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910D595CAFF5DA3B249AF7F5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAFF5DA3B249AF7F5" blockId="6.[170,796,1914,2131]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
This species was described and remains known only from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAFC2DADB2464F815" box="[231,291,1946,1971]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAE0ADADB2488F815" box="[303,463,1946,1971]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
). The original description provided only a drawing of a male, probably the
<typeStatus id="581C8836910D595CAD95DAFB2650F875" box="[688,791,1978,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The female was never illustrated, and the only known specimen of this sex was destroyed during the fire in the MNRJ. Herein we illustrate both sexes of this species (including the male
<typeStatus id="581C8836910D595CAE4ED57B2494F7F5" box="[363,467,2106,2131]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910D595CAC40DD9B2120FED5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAC40DD9B2120FED5" blockId="6.[867,1494,218,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAC40DD9B210DFF55" bold="true" box="[869,1098,218,243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910D595CAB6ADD9B202FFEB5" collectingDate="1992-10-30" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="J. S. Santos" country="Brazil" location="Linhares" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAB6ADD9B21E6FF55" box="[1103,1185,218,243]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910D595CAB8CDD9B2006FF55" box="[1193,1345,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAB8CDD9B207CFF55" box="[1193,1339,218,243]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8278604F910D595CAA62DD9B20E0FF55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E8782910D595CAFC9DA5B2120FED5:8278604F910D595CAA62DD9B20E0FF55" box="[1351,1447,218,243]" country="Brazil" name="Linhares" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Linhares</location>
,
<typeStatus id="581C8836910D595CAA8ADD9B26EBFEB5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<date id="F3191054910D595CACD3DDBB2122FEB5" box="[1014,1125,250,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-10-30">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC910D595CACD3DDBB2122FEB5" box="[1014,1125,250,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-10-30">30.X.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A525342910D595CAB4ADDBB21A4FEB5" box="[1135,1251,250,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J.S. Santos</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910D595CAA39DDBB2025FEB5" box="[1308,1378,250,275]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910D595CAA57DDBB26E9FEF5" collectingDate="1992-10-30" collectionCode="RNV, MZSP" collectorName="J. S. Santos" country="Brazil" location="Linhares" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8278604F910D595CAA57DDBB2095FEB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E8782910D595CAFC9DA5B2120FED5:8278604F910D595CAA57DDBB2095FEB5" box="[1394,1490,250,275]" country="Brazil" name="Linhares" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Linhares</location>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910D595CAC42DC5B26CDFE94" box="[871,906,279,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910D595CACB6DC5B26F4FE94" box="[915,947,279,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910D595CAC99DC5B216CFE95" box="[956,1067,282,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-10-30">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC910D595CAC99DC5B216CFE95" box="[956,1067,282,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1992-10-30">30.X.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A525342910D595CAB17DC5B21E5FE95" box="[1074,1186,282,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J.S.Santos</collectorName>
col.(
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910D595CABF0DC5B2040FE95" box="[1237,1287,282,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RNV</collectionCode>
,female retained to
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910D595CAC46DC7B26E0FEF5" box="[867,935,314,339]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910D595CAC93DC7B2123FED5" collectingDate="1997-12-17" collectionCode="SSA" collectorName="J. A. C. Simoes" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.86139" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.21361" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8278604F910D595CAC93DC7B214AFEF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E8782910D595CAFC9DA5B2120FED5:8278604F910D595CAC93DC7B214AFEF5" box="[950,1037,314,339]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.86139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.21361" name="Aracruz" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910D595CAB32DC7B21D4FEF5" box="[1047,1171,313,339]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-19.86139">19°51′41″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910D595CABB9DC7B2058FEF5" box="[1180,1311,313,339]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-40.21361">40°12′49″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910D595CAA0DDC7B200CFEF4" box="[1320,1355,311,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910D595CAA73DC7B2095FEF5" box="[1366,1490,314,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1997-12-17">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC910D595CAA73DC7B2095FEF5" box="[1366,1490,314,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1997-12-17">17.XII.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A525342910D595CAC43DC1B26B2FED5" box="[870,1013,346,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J.A.C. Simões</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910D595CAB09DC1B211AFED5" box="[1068,1117,346,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Tippmann, 1953
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,
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,
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col. (
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)
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;
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,
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,
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col. (
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.
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This species was described from
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(
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). Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAD25DF1B277BFDD5" box="[512,572,602,627]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
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,
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) (
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC3FDABB26B9F7B5" bold="true" box="[794,1022,2042,2067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB26DABB2112F7B5" box="[1027,1109,2042,2067]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB7EDABB21A9F7B5" box="[1115,1262,2042,2067]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Aracruz,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FACE6D55B217AF795" box="[963,1085,2073,2099]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-19.87111">19°52′16″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FAB6DD55B218CF795" box="[1096,1227,2073,2099]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-40.211945">40°12′43″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FABF0D55B21B9F794" box="[1237,1278,2071,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAA2ED55B20C0F795" box="[1291,1415,2074,2099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-12-18">18.XII.2000</date>
, C.E. Scardua col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FACF2D57B214FF7F5" box="[983,1032,2106,2131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910D595CAFF5DD9B27E1FEF5" blockId="6.[170,795,218,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAD71DD9B27D7FF55" box="[596,656,218,243]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(no further details). Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAD65DDBB273BFEB5" box="[576,636,250,275]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CADAEDDBB278AFEB5" box="[651,717,250,275]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CADF2DDBB25B5FE95" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAFDEDC5B24DEFE95" box="[251,409,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAE86DC5B2755FE95" box="[419,530,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAD3EDC5B272EFE95" box="[539,617,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAD56DC5B2650FE95" box="[627,791,282,307]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910D595CAF8EDC7B2432FEF5" box="[171,373,314,339]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910D595CAEA1DC7B24ACFEF5" box="[388,491,314,339]" name="Paraguay" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910D595CAED3DC7B27DCFEF5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[502,667,314,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC4ADEFB21CEFC75" bold="true" box="[879,1161,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phoebella albomaculata</emphasis>
(Gahan, 1889)
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(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910E595FAB0FDE9B213EFC55" box="[1066,1145,986,1011]" captionStart="Figures 12-22" captionStartId="7.[94,162,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 12-22. (12) Blabicentrus lineatus, female, dorsal habitus; (13) Pseudestola densepunctata, female, dorsal habitus; (14) Proceroblesthis prolata, male, dorsal habitus; (15) Butocrysa insignis, male, dorsal habitus; (16) Phoebella albomaculata, male, dorsal habitus; (17) Rhaphiptera affinis, male, dorsal habitus; (18) Desmiphora(Desmiphora) cirrosa, female,dorsal habitus;(19) Cipriscola fasciata, male,dorsal habitus.(20-21) Metacriodioncapixaba,female:(20)dorsal view; (21) ventral view;(22) Eriphusmexicanus, female,dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614843/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAC3FD95B214FFBD5" blockId="5.[792,1419,1050,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC3FD95B2143FB95" bold="true" box="[794,1028,1050,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB2AD95B2126FB95" box="[1039,1121,1050,1075]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAB4BD95B2041FB95" box="[1134,1286,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB4BD95B2041FB95" box="[1134,1286,1050,1075]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Aracruz,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FAB7FD97B219AFBF5" box="[1114,1245,1081,1107]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-40.124165">40°07′27″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FABC3D97B2049FBF4" box="[1254,1294,1079,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAA3CD97B20C0FBF5" box="[1305,1415,1082,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1990-05-13">
13.
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAA12D97B200FFBF5" box="[1335,1352,1082,1107]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1990
</date>
, M.P. Santos col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FACE8D91B26B9FBD5" box="[973,1022,1114,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAC1AD93B2023FB15" blockId="5.[792,1419,1050,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FABAFD93B2184FB35" box="[1162,1219,1146,1171]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(no further details). Currently,it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB0BD9DB2120FB15" box="[1070,1127,1178,1203]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB55D9DB21EAFB15" box="[1136,1197,1178,1203]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahia</collectingRegion>
) (
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).
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182
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FACA7D85B21C6FAF5" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FACA7D85B2066FA95" ID-CoL="VFPL" authority="(Thomson, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[898,1313,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cipriscola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FACA7D85B2113FA95" bold="true" box="[898,1108,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cipriscola fasciata</emphasis>
(Thomson, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910E595FAB0FD87B213EFAF5" box="[1066,1145,1338,1363]" captionStart="Figures 12-22" captionStartId="7.[94,162,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 12-22. (12) Blabicentrus lineatus, female, dorsal habitus; (13) Pseudestola densepunctata, female, dorsal habitus; (14) Proceroblesthis prolata, male, dorsal habitus; (15) Butocrysa insignis, male, dorsal habitus; (16) Phoebella albomaculata, male, dorsal habitus; (17) Rhaphiptera affinis, male, dorsal habitus; (18) Desmiphora(Desmiphora) cirrosa, female,dorsal habitus;(19) Cipriscola fasciata, male,dorsal habitus.(20-21) Metacriodioncapixaba,female:(20)dorsal view; (21) ventral view;(22) Eriphusmexicanus, female,dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614843/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910E595FAC3FD83B2017F895" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAC3FD83B26BEFA55" blockId="5.[793,1419,1402,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC3FD83B214EFA35" bold="true" box="[794,1033,1402,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910E595FAB3CD83B2611FA75" collectingDate="2006-08-24" collectionCode="SSA" collectorName="J. B. Silva" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.837223" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.095554" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB3CD83B212CFA35" box="[1049,1131,1402,1427]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAB58D83B2067FA35" box="[1149,1312,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB58D83B205DFA35" box="[1149,1306,1402,1427]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8278604F910E595FAA0AD83B20C1FA35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E8782910E595FACA7D85B2017F895:8278604F910E595FAA0AD83B20C1FA35" box="[1327,1414,1402,1427]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.837223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.095554" name="Aracruz" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FAC3FD8DB26D3FA15" box="[794,916,1433,1459]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-19.837223">19°50′14″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FAC84D8DB2163FA15" box="[929,1060,1433,1459]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-40.095554">40°05′44″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FAB14D8DB211CFA14" box="[1073,1115,1431,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAB4FD8DB21ABFA15" box="[1130,1260,1434,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-08-24">
<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC910E595FAB4FD8DB21ABFA15" box="[1130,1260,1434,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-08-24">24.VIII.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A525342910E595FABDCD8DB201EFA15" box="[1273,1369,1434,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">J.B. Silva</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAC3AD8FB2617FA75" box="[799,848,1466,1491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910E595FAC47D8FB26B2FA55" collectingDate="1984-06-03" collectionCode="SSA" collectorName="P. M. Vieira" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.809721" location="Aracruz" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.094997" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<location id="8278604F910E595FAC47D8FB26FEFA75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E8782910E595FACA7D85B2017F895:8278604F910E595FAC47D8FB26FEFA75" box="[866,953,1466,1491]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.809721" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.094997" name="Aracruz" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aracruz</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FACE0D8FB2107FA75" box="[965,1088,1465,1491]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-19.809721">19°48′35″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E2935053910E595FAB6ED8FB2189FA75" box="[1099,1230,1465,1491]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-40.094997">40°05′42″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FABFFD8FB2044FA74" box="[1242,1283,1463,1491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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<collectingDate id="E35DE9BC910E595FAA34D8FB20C1FA75" box="[1297,1414,1466,1491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1984-06-03">03.VI.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A525342910E595FAC3FD89B26C0FA55" box="[794,903,1498,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P.M. Vieira</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAC9BD89B26A8FA55" box="[958,1007,1498,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAC1AD8BB2017F895" blockId="5.[793,1419,1402,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FABE1D8BB2047F9B5" box="[1220,1280,1530,1555]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(no further details). Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FABF6DB5B2006F995" box="[1235,1345,1562,1587]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAA77DB5B20C0F995" box="[1362,1415,1562,1587]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAC3FDB7B26C8F9F5" box="[794,911,1594,1619]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FACB2DB7B2694F9F5" box="[919,979,1594,1619]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Pará,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB3FDB7B21E0F9F5" box="[1050,1191,1594,1619]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB8ADB7B20C1F9F5" box="[1199,1414,1594,1619]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAC3CDB1B26CBF9D5" box="[793,908,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FACBEDB1B216CF9D5" box="[923,1067,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB1CDB1B2188F9D5" box="[1081,1231,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FABF8DB1B20C1F9D5" box="[1245,1414,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAC3FDB3B26CDF935" box="[794,906,1658,1683]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FACB1DB3B2124F935" box="[916,1123,1658,1683]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB51DB3B21EEF935" box="[1140,1193,1658,1683]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB96DB3B21BAF935" box="[1203,1277,1658,1683]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAA2FDB3B20C0F935" box="[1290,1415,1658,1683]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAC3EDBDB261CF915" box="[795,859,1690,1715]" country="Bolivia" name="Tarija" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tarija</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAC4CDBDB2696F915" box="[873,977,1690,1715]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FACFCDBDB2100F915" box="[985,1095,1690,1715]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Misiones,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FABE4DBDB204EF915" box="[1217,1289,1690,1715]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chaco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAA34DBDB20C2F915" box="[1297,1413,1690,1715]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAC05DBFB268DF975" author="Monne, M. A." box="[800,970,1722,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAB74DBFB21ADF975" author="Zajciw, D." box="[1105,1258,1722,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="37 - 91" refId="ref17155" refString="Zajciw, D. 1974. Contribuicao para o estudo da fauna dos longicorneos (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) das florestas do Estado do Espirito Santo e principalmente da Reserva Biologica Sooretama. Boletim Tecnico do Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal, 4: 37 - 91." type="journal article" year="1974">Zajciw (1974)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the species from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, and
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAC3FDBBB2149F8B5" author="Menezes, E. C. &amp; Silva-Neto, A. M. &amp; Nascimento, F. E. L. &amp; Bravo, F. R." box="[794,1038,1786,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="49 - 58" refId="ref16044" refString="Menezes, E. C.; Silva-Neto, A. M.; Nascimento, F. E. L. &amp; Bravo, F. R. 2012. Lista dos Cerambycidae, incluindo 12 holotipos presentes no Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana e o primeiro registro da especie Chrysoprasis airi Napp &amp; Martins para o Brasil. EntomoBrasilis, 5 (1): 49 - 58." type="journal article" year="2012">
Menezes
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FACA2DBBB26F9F8B5" box="[903,958,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
listed it in the Brazilian state of Bahia, two state records omitted in
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAB85DA5B200BF895" author="Monne, M. A." box="[1184,1356,1818,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<paragraph id="87183694910E595FACBCDDBB204DFEB5" blockId="5.[921,1290,218,307]" box="[921,1290,250,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="DC5081F8910E595FACBCDDBB204DFEB5" box="[921,1290,250,275]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FACBCDDBB204DFEB5" ID-CoL="NZ5F" authority="(Lucas, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[921,1290,250,275]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Butocrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FACBCDDBB204DFEB5" bold="true" box="[921,1290,250,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FACBCDDBB212DFEB5" bold="true" box="[921,1130,250,275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Butocrysa insignis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAB53DDBB2045FEB5" author="Lucas, P. H." box="[1142,1282,250,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref15545" refString="Lucas, P. H. 1857. Entomologie. In: Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expedition dans les parties centrales de l'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para, executee par ordre du Gouvernement Francais pendant les annees 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du Comte F. de Castelnau. Paris, Bertrand. 204 p." type="book" year="1857">Lucas, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910E595FAB07DC5B21C6FE95" box="[1058,1153,282,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAB07DC5B21C6FE95" blockId="5.[921,1290,218,307]" box="[1058,1153,282,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAB07DC5B21C6FE95" bold="true" box="[1058,1153,282,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910E595FAB0FDC5B213EFE95" box="[1066,1145,282,307]" captionStart="Figures 12-22" captionStartId="7.[94,162,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 12-22. (12) Blabicentrus lineatus, female, dorsal habitus; (13) Pseudestola densepunctata, female, dorsal habitus; (14) Proceroblesthis prolata, male, dorsal habitus; (15) Butocrysa insignis, male, dorsal habitus; (16) Phoebella albomaculata, male, dorsal habitus; (17) Rhaphiptera affinis, male, dorsal habitus; (18) Desmiphora(Desmiphora) cirrosa, female,dorsal habitus;(19) Cipriscola fasciata, male,dorsal habitus.(20-21) Metacriodioncapixaba,female:(20)dorsal view; (21) ventral view;(22) Eriphusmexicanus, female,dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614843/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910E595FAC3FDC1B215DFCD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAC3FDC1B2032FE35" blockId="5.[792,1419,346,883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC3FDC1B2143FED5" bold="true" box="[794,1028,346,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAB2ADC1B2126FED5" box="[1039,1121,346,371]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAB4BDC1B2041FED5" box="[1134,1286,346,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB4BDC1B2041FED5" box="[1134,1286,346,371]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(new state record): Linhares,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FACF8DC3B2144FE34" box="[989,1027,375,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAB2BDC3B21C4FE35" box="[1038,1155,378,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1990-11-09">09.XI.1990</date>
, J.S. Santos col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAA10DC3B202CFE35" box="[1333,1387,378,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RNV</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAC1ADCDB215DFCD5" blockId="5.[792,1419,346,883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FAC1ADCDB26B9FE15" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[831,1022,410,435]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Butocrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC1ADCDB26B9FE15" box="[831,1022,410,435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Butocrysa insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910E595FAB27DCDB2119FD95" collectorName="However" country="Brazil" location="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
was described from“Brésil intérieur” [inland
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAC4ADCFB26F7FE75" box="[879,944,442,467]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
], as
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FACC6DCFB219FFE75" box="[995,1240,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FACC6DCFB2193FE75" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1859" box="[995,1236,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Amphionycha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">Amphionycha insignis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
It has been reported that the species was described based on a single specimen (
<typeStatus id="581C8836910E595FACB3DCBB26B8FDB5" box="[918,1023,506,531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
<collectorName id="2A525342910E595FAB36DCBB213FFDB5" box="[1043,1144,506,531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">However</collectorName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FABA1DCBB2055FDB5" author="Lucas, P. H." box="[1156,1298,506,531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref15545" refString="Lucas, P. H. 1857. Entomologie. In: Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expedition dans les parties centrales de l'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para, executee par ordre du Gouvernement Francais pendant les annees 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du Comte F. de Castelnau. Paris, Bertrand. 204 p." type="book" year="1857">Lucas (1857)</bibRefCitation>
indicated: “
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FAC06DF5B2169FD95" authority="INSIGNIS" authorityName="INSIGNIS" box="[803,1070,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Amphionycha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAC06DF5B2169FD95" box="[803,1070,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">AMPHIONYCHA INSIGNIS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2)”
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="37CF3CC9910E595FAB43DF5B2151FCD5" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="M. Le Comte de Castelnau" country="Brazil" county="Dej. Cat. des Coleopt." location="Le Comte de Castelnau" municipality="Scientific Commission of South" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="syntype">
“(2)
<collectingCounty id="6E794E18910E595FABB1DF5B20C0FD95" box="[1172,1415,538,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dej. Cat. des Coléopt.</collectingCounty>
, 3
<superScript id="70D29BDC910E595FAC02DF782668FDEE" attach="left" box="[807,815,569,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">e</superScript>
edit., p. 379”. Accordingly, the specimens from Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean (currently in the
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAA1EDF1B20C3FDD5" box="[1339,1412,602,627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
) are
<typeStatus id="581C8836910E595FAC6FDF3B26E8FD35" box="[842,943,634,659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. Apparently, Dejean was involved in the identification of the specimens because Lucas himself indicated this (translated): “By doing so, I hope to signal sufficiently the entomological riches gathered by the
<collectingMunicipality id="677CACEE910E595FAC3FDFBB2133FCB5" box="[794,1140,762,787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Scientific Commission of South</collectingMunicipality>
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FAB5FDFBB219FFCB5" box="[1146,1240,762,787]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">America</taxonomicName>
, under the skillful direction of
<collectorName id="2A525342910E595FACEFDE5B21B3FC95" box="[970,1268,794,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
M.
<location id="8278604F910E595FACC8DE5B21B3FC95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0E8782910E595FACBCDDBB215DFCD5:8278604F910E595FACC8DE5B21B3FC95" box="[1005,1268,794,819]" country="Brazil" county="Dej. Cat. des Coleopt." municipality="Scientific Commission of South" name="Le Comte de Castelnau" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Le Comte de Castelnau</location>
</collectorName>
”. Currently, it is known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FACE2DE7B2144FCF5" box="[967,1027,826,851]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB34DE7B21E1FCF5" box="[1041,1190,826,851]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAB94DE7B2012FCF5" box="[1201,1365,826,851]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAA44DE7B261DFCD5" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAC4EDE1B2157FCD5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[875,1040,858,883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAF5BDEDB2481FC75" blockId="5.[126,686,922,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF5BDEDB2481FC75" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FAF5BDEDB27E9FC15" ID-CoL="352RZ" authority="Melzer, 1935" authorityName="Melzer" authorityYear="1935" box="[126,686,922,947]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Desmiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretiosa" subGenus="Desmiphora">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF5BDEDB2755FC15" bold="true" box="[126,530,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa</emphasis>
Melzer, 1935
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910E595FAE4BDEFB24FAFC75" box="[366,445,954,979]" captionStart="Figures 2-11" captionStartId="4.[170,238,2042,2067]" captionTargetBox="[180,1484,205,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[180,1484,204,2012]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 2-11. Dorsal habitus:(2) Pirangoclytus insignis, female;(3) Phoracantha recurva, male; (4) Lasiolepturges zikani, male;(5) Lophopoeum meridianum, male; (6) Cotycicuiara chionea, male; (7) Cotycicuiara pertusa, male; (8) Zikanita perpulchra, female; (9) Adetus modestus, male; (10) Falsischnolea nigrobasalis, female; (11)Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAF7BDEBB272AFB95" blockId="5.[94,719,1018,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF7BDEBB2404FBB5" bold="true" box="[94,323,1018,1043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAE6DDEBB24DDFBB5" box="[328,410,1018,1043]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE85DEBB2774FBB5" box="[416,563,1018,1043]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
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(new state record): Linhares,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FAE29D95B2475FB94" box="[268,306,1047,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAE18D95B24FEFB95" box="[317,441,1050,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1989-12-27">27.XII.1989</date>
, J.S.S. col. (
<collectionCode id="E1B6AE51910E595FAD08D95B2724FB95" box="[557,611,1050,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RNV</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAFA1D97B2762FBD5" blockId="5.[94,719,1018,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This species is currently known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAD18D97B273EFBF5" box="[573,633,1082,1107]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FADAFD97B278BFBF5" box="[650,716,1082,1107]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAF7BD91B25A9FBD5" box="[94,238,1114,1139]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAFD3D91B2422FBD5" box="[246,357,1114,1139]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAE53D91B275CFBD5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[374,539,1114,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

170
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF5EDC3B2481FE15" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="40A74D17910E595FAF5EDC3B27F5FE35" ID-CoL="352PS" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[123,690,378,403]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Desmiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirrosa" subGenus="Desmiphora">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF5EDC3B24B8FE35" bold="true" box="[123,511,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmiphora (Desmiphora) cirrosa</emphasis>
Erichson, 1847
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1F9C2A11910E595FAE4BDCDB24F9FE15" box="[366,446,410,435]" captionStart="Figures 12-22" captionStartId="7.[94,162,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[113,1398,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 12-22. (12) Blabicentrus lineatus, female, dorsal habitus; (13) Pseudestola densepunctata, female, dorsal habitus; (14) Proceroblesthis prolata, male, dorsal habitus; (15) Butocrysa insignis, male, dorsal habitus; (16) Phoebella albomaculata, male, dorsal habitus; (17) Rhaphiptera affinis, male, dorsal habitus; (18) Desmiphora(Desmiphora) cirrosa, female,dorsal habitus;(19) Cipriscola fasciata, male,dorsal habitus.(20-21) Metacriodioncapixaba,female:(20)dorsal view; (21) ventral view;(22) Eriphusmexicanus, female,dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614843/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBD651F910E595FAF7BDC9B273DFCF5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAF7BDC9B27D5FDB5" blockId="5.[92,719,474,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF7BDC9B2471FE55" bold="true" box="[94,310,474,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Materialexamined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAE1CDC9B24C0FE55" box="[313,391,474,499]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAEACDC9B2751FE55" box="[393,534,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">EspíritoSanto:</emphasis>
Linhares,Reserva Natural Vale,
<specimenCount id="91A1FD1D910E595FAFC7DCBB2442FDB4" box="[226,261,503,531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAE2BDCBB243BFDB5" box="[270,380,506,531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2016-11-30">30.XI.2016</date>
,Martins &amp; Fiuza col. (RNV).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAFA1DF5B273DFCF5" blockId="5.[92,719,474,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This species was described from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAECDDF5B275AFD95" box="[488,541,538,563]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAD00DF5B2789FD95" author="Monne, M. A." box="[549,718,538,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
listed it from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAE28DF7B241AFDF5" box="[269,349,570,595]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE57DF7B2481FDF5" box="[370,454,570,595]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAEF2DF7B277EFDF5" box="[471,569,570,595]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD6EDF7B278CFDF5" box="[587,715,570,595]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAF7BDF1B25B8FDD5" box="[94,255,602,627]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE29DF1B2411FDD5" box="[268,342,602,627]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE41DF1B2486FDD5" box="[356,449,602,627]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAEF6DF1B2708FDD5" box="[467,591,602,627]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAD79DF1B278CFDD5" box="[604,715,602,627]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAF7BDF3B2595FD35" box="[94,210,634,659]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAFCCDF3B242BFD35" box="[233,364,634,659]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAEA1DF3B24A7FD35" box="[388,480,634,659]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAED3DF3B272CFD35" box="[502,619,634,659]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FADA7DF3B25E8FD15" name="French Guiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAF9BDFDB245DFD15" box="[190,282,666,691]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAE0DDFDB241AFD15" box="[296,349,666,691]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAE4FDFDB24E1FD15" box="[362,422,666,691]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD19DFDB2739FD15" box="[572,638,666,691]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FADAEDFDB278CFD15" box="[651,715,666,691]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAF7BDFFB25B5FD75" box="[94,242,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAFD8DFFB24DBFD75" box="[253,412,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE8DDFFB270AFD75" box="[424,589,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD7CDFFB278CFD75" box="[601,715,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAF7BDF9B25EBFD55" box="[94,172,730,755]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAF90DF9B241FFD55" box="[181,344,730,755]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE45DF9B276DFD55" box="[352,554,730,755]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAD1CDF9B27C4FD55" box="[569,643,730,755]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FADABDF9B25D4FCB5" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAF84DFBB25A6FCB5" box="[161,225,762,787]" country="Bolivia" name="Tarija" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tarija</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAFD0DFBB241AFCB5" box="[245,349,762,787]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAE49DFBB249DFCB5" box="[364,474,762,787]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAEC8DFBB271DFCB5" box="[493,602,762,787]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tucumán</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD4CDFBB278BFCB5" box="[617,716,762,787]" country="Argentina" name="Formosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Formosa</collectingRegion>
, Misiones),
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAFF1DE5B2472FC95" box="[212,309,794,819]" name="Uruguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAE1BDE5B2496FC95" author="Zajciw, D." box="[318,465,794,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="5 - 21" refId="ref17118" refString="Zajciw, D. 1965. Contribuicoes para o estudo da fauna dos longicorneos do Estado da Paraiba (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Boletim da Sociedade Cearense de Agronomia, 6: 5 - 21." type="journal article" year="1965">Zajciw (1965)</bibRefCitation>
also listed it in Paraíba (
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAF40DE7B25E1FCF5" box="[101,166,826,851]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), a state record omitted in
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAEEFDE7B2731FCF5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[458,630,826,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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Galileo &amp; Martins, 1987
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)
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF7BDAFB2404F875" bold="true" box="[94,323,1978,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
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(new state record): Aracruz,
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,
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,
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,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAD73DA9B278CF855" box="[598,715,2010,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1997-09-03">03.IX.1997</date>
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).
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<paragraph id="87183694910E595FAFA1D55B2773F7F5" blockId="5.[94,719,1978,2131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This species was described and remains only known from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAFBED57B2590F7F5" box="[155,215,2106,2131]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
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) (
<bibRefCitation id="E3364B65910E595FAEA1D57B276EF7F5" author="Monne, M. A." box="[388,553,2106,2131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16366" refString="Monne, M. A. 2020 b. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available at: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog. Access in: 04 / 2020." type="url" year="2020">Monné, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAFBED89B249FFA55" bold="true" box="[155,472,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudestola densepunctata</emphasis>
Breuning, 1940
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAF7BDB7B240EF9F5" bold="true" box="[94,329,1594,1619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
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(new state record): Aracruz,
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,
<date id="F3191054910E595FAD7ADB1B278CF9D5" box="[607,715,1626,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1988-02-24">24.II.1988</date>
, M.P. Santos col. (
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This species was described from
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(
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). Currently, it is known from
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(
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,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD63DBFB27DAF975" box="[582,669,1722,1747]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAD8CDBFB2594F955" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
) and
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(
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) (
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).
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109
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<emphasis id="B5D3EA86910E595FAFECD9FB24EDFB75" bold="true" box="[201,426,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Estola nigrosignata</emphasis>
Breuning, 1940
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4563F876910E595FAE96D9BB270CFAB5" box="[435,587,1274,1299]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
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(new state record): Aracruz,
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,
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,
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22.
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.1995
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, J.A.C. Simões col. (
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).
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This species is known only from
<collectingCountry id="FFB07604910E595FAECBD81B276DFAD5" box="[494,554,1370,1395]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
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323
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Girault
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Girault, 1913:72. Type species:
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Girault, by original designation.
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Girault, 1915:180. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neoderostenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoderostenus australiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Neoderostenus australiensis</taxonomicName>
Girault, 1915:180, by original designation. Synonymized by Peck (1951).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Delucchi, 1954:1. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Enaysma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enaysma zwoelferi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zwoelferi">Enaysma zwoelferi</taxonomicName>
Delucchi, by orginal designation. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshimoto, CM" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="907 - 930" title="The North American species of the genus Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." url="doi: 10.4039/Ent109907-7" volume="109" year="1977">Yoshimoto (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Kratoysma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kratoysma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kratoysma</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1965:5-6. Type species:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Erdös">Erdoes</normalizedToken>
, by original designation. Syn. n.
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">The classification into species-groups.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
The subdivision of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Achrysocharoides</taxonomicName>
was initiated by
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who divided the European species into two subgenera,
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Delucchi and
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Graham. These correspond with the two species-groups, atys- and latreilleii-groups, which
<bibRefCitation author="Bryan, G" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="245 - 262" title="The British species of Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1980.tb00412.x" volume="5" year="1980 a">Bryan (1980a)</bibRefCitation>
introduced for the European species, thus abandoning the formal subdivision into subgenera.
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divided the Nearctic species into two species-groups, the gahani- and guizoti-groups.
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Akitu (new series)" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 34" title="Revision of North American Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." volume="124" year="1991">Kamijo (1991)</bibRefCitation>
transferred some of the Nearctic species from the guizoti-group to either of the two newly erected clypeatus- and titiani-groups, and removed the remaining species in the guizoti-group to the latreilleii-group, thus terminating the guizoti-group.
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Akitu (new series)" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 16" title="Descriptions of five new species of Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Japan, with notes on species-groups." volume="119" year="1990 b">Kamijo (1990b)</bibRefCitation>
established the crassinervis-group for two species from Japan and one undescribed species from Nepal. Hence there are currently six species-groups in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Achrysocharoides</taxonomicName>
: atys-, clypeatus-, crassinervis-, gahani-, latreilleii-, and titiani-groups. See
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Akitu (new series)" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 34" title="Revision of North American Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." volume="124" year="1991">Kamijo (1991)</bibRefCitation>
for group-diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Eyes densely pubescent (e.g. Fig. 3); females with frontal suture as a raised carina (i.e. with frons just above frontal suture protruding), straight (e.g. Fig. 3); males with frontal suture straight to slightly V-shaped, sometimes missing; females with antennal scrobes indistinct (i.e. not as narrow grooves) joining below frontal suture (e.g. Fig. 3); lateral downsloping part of pronotum with a longitudinal carina (Figs 60-63); postmarginal vein short, 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.5×">-1.5x</normalizedToken>
as long as stigmal vein.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Achrysocharoides</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Apleurotropis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apleurotropis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apleurotropis</taxonomicName>
, but has a short postmarginal vein (in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Apleurotropis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apleurotropis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apleurotropis</taxonomicName>
postmarginal vein is 2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.7×">-3.7x</normalizedToken>
as long as the stigmal vein), with antennal scrobes in female joining below frontal suture (antennal scrobes join the frontal suture separately in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Apleurotropis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apleurotropis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apleurotropis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="identification">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Identification.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
To separate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Achrysocharoides</taxonomicName>
from other
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
genera the keys in
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), a biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
(Australasia),
<bibRefCitation author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" title="Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)." year="1997">Gibson et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
(Nearctic),
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="169 - 204" title="Keys to the British genera and species of Elachertinae, Eulophinae, Entedontinae, and Euderinae (Hym., Chalcidoidea)." volume="13" year="1959">Graham (1959)</bibRefCitation>
(Europe) are useful. To differentiate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Achrysocharoides</taxonomicName>
from other genera of Entedon- inae in tropical America the matrix key on the website http://www.neotropicaleulophidae.com can be used.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Female flagellum with a 2-segmented clava, in male with a 2-segmented clava or with all 5 flagellomeres distinctly separated; male flagellomeres with scattered setae; male scape enlarged, frequently with a species-specific shape, ventral sensory area present along entire scape; sensilla ampullacea globular, symmetric (type I
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="84" start="start">sensu</pageBreakToken>
<bibRefCitation author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="29 - 52" title="A taxonomic study on the Palearctic species of Chrysonotomyia Ashmead and Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)." url="doi: 10.1163/187631290X00021" volume="20" year="1990">Hansson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
), present on all flagellomeres. Antenna with discoid anelli. Mandibles with two large teeth at apex, with one or several smaller teeth above large teeth. Clypeus not delimited. Malar sulcus present. Males with a more or less developed cross-ridge below antennal toruli. Frons occasionally with an indistinct groove between median ocellus and frontal suture. Female with frons just above frontal suture protruding, hence frontal suture appear to be a raised carina. Frontal suture in female straight; in male straight to slightly V-shaped, but sometimes missing. Antennal scrobes usually join below frontal suture in females, join on or below frontal suture in males, scrobes absent in males of some species. Occipital margin with raised carina or an edge, or rounded; occiput with a median fold/groove, at least close to occipital margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
Pronotum with or without a transverse carina. Midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae, sometimes with an indistinct median groove in posterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
; notauli more or less distinct in anterior 1/2, in posterior 1/2 present as weakly delimited depressions which are smooth to weakly reticulate. Scutellum with one pair of setae; sometimes with an anteromedian groove; with or without detached lateral foveae or rows of foveae. Transepimeral sulcus almost straight to weakly curved. Dorsellum visible in dorsal view. Forewing with costal cell usually wider than width of base of submarginal vein; postmarginal vein 0.5-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as stigmal vein, usually about as long as stigmal vein. Propodeum without longitudinal ridges, or with a complete median carina - undivided or branched in posterior half - median carina sometimes incomplete and present only in posterior 1/3, or with two complete submedian carinae that run parallel or diverge weakly to strongly towards posterior part of propodeum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
Petiole 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.5×">-1.5x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, smooth and shiny or with some irregular sculpture, sometimes with anterolateral corners, ventral surface smooth. Male genitalia as in most other genera of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
, i.e. with normal volsellar setae, one parameral setae at the apex of phallobase, with two digital spines (
<bibRefCitation author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="39 - 62" title="A new genus of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with remarkable male genitalia." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1996.tb00598.x" volume="21" year="1996">Hansson 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
Endoparasitoids of leafmining
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
of the family
<taxonomicName family="Gracillariidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
, mainly the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllonorycter" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllonorycter</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Bryan, G" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="245 - 262" title="The British species of Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1980.tb00412.x" volume="5" year="1980 a">Bryan 1980a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
Australia (
<bibRefCitation author="Girault, AA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="67 - 115" title="New genera and species of chalcidoid Hymenoptera in the South Australia Museum, Adelaide." volume="37" year="1913">Girault 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), a biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
), Canada (
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Akitu (new series)" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 34" title="Revision of North American Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." volume="124" year="1991">Kamijo 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, CDF" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1039 - 1052" title="Some Nearctic species of the chalcid genus Enaysma Delucchi (Eulophidae: Entedoninae)." url="doi: 10.4039/Ent941039-10" volume="94" year="1962">Miller 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshimoto, CM" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="907 - 930" title="The North American species of the genus Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." url="doi: 10.4039/Ent109907-7" volume="109" year="1977">Yoshimoto 1977</bibRefCitation>
), Japan (
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="293 - 302" title="Five new species of Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) associated with Leguminosae in Japan." volume="58" year="1990 a">Kamijo 1990a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Akitu (new series)" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 16" title="Descriptions of five new species of Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Japan, with notes on species-groups." volume="119" year="1990 b">1990b</bibRefCitation>
), Nepal (
<bibRefCitation author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="217 - 226" title="The entedontine genera Achrysocharoides Girault, Chrysocharis Foerster and Kratoysma Boucek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the Oriental region." url="doi: 10.1163/187631285X00090" volume="16" year="1985">Hansson 1985</bibRefCitation>
), New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), a biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
), Pakistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="217 - 226" title="The entedontine genera Achrysocharoides Girault, Chrysocharis Foerster and Kratoysma Boucek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the Oriental region." url="doi: 10.1163/187631285X00090" volume="16" year="1985">Hansson 1985</bibRefCitation>
), Papua New Guinea (
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), a biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
), USA (
<bibRefCitation author="Kamijo, K" journalOrPublisher="Akitu (new series)" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 34" title="Revision of North American Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." volume="124" year="1991">Kamijo 1991</bibRefCitation>
), and Europe (many countries, e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Index of Entomophagous Insects" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 260" title="Palaearctic Eulophidae excl. Tetrastichinae." volume="3" year="1968">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
and Askew 1968
</bibRefCitation>
). In tropi- cal America: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="key to the neotropical species of achrysocharoides">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
Key to the Neotropical species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Achrysocharoides</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<table lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">Fig. 57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides foveatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveatus">Achrysocharoides foveatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">Figs 51015</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">Figs 2531</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides gliricidiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gliricidiae">Achrysocharoides gliricidiae</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" rowspan="1">Figs 153942</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="85" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
. 42
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides mediocarinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediocarinatus">Achrysocharoides mediocarinatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Figs 1539</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 47</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides purpureus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">Achrysocharoides purpureus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Figs 2039orFigs 1011</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides callisetosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callisetosus">Achrysocharoides callisetosus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides infuscus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscus">Achrysocharoides infuscus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Figs 183550</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Figs 31316</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides ecuadorensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecuadorensis">Achrysocharoides ecuadorensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Figs 3952</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 2Fig. 34Fig. 39</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides infuscus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscus">Achrysocharoides infuscus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 53Fig. 54Fig. 54</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides sulcatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus">Achrysocharoides sulcatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides cuspidatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus">Achrysocharoides cuspidatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Fig. 5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides asperulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asperulus">Achrysocharoides asperulus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation id="EA8A169604E5CDE2E39FA4426EB7CF4D">Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas (GIE), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, COLOMBIA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ADEBDCD7FC39D90085A94DAA43ABEBFF" type="email">ranulfo.gonzález@correounivalle.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="12A03D48B2492D76FAC47C3AC081A288">García-Aldrete, Alfonso</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D80F65457163D8740EA8CA605891965F">Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70 - 153, CdMx, MÉXICO</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="49B158A200C561CB4077D095C273B3C6">Carrejo-Gironza, Nancy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C5DDB560BDE68E8EAD3E0A94CE8CF85D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2395-6887</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="840125805293E6C0D3590FF2DF4E05A5">Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas (GIE), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, COLOMBIA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A842B5CE100539E0CADF24F5D7C10C7E" type="email">nancy.carrejo@correounivalle.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D26582CE4816C3C7AF4305C5E13F174B">Vinasco-Mondragón, Andrés Felipe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5889BBD8E3E231573078514B543E8720" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5245-1346</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B7F2D0B0F9A1CA041F13C958639A4EDC">Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas (GIE), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, COLOMBIA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FEA040E0D0DFDCD7701EBEB7EADBFC27" type="email">andres.vinasco@correounivalle.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9231F9B4AC02AA18A683DB8604EA0343">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C6BB4C9CDA59CDF9B95745B1D9CD16F4">
<mods:date id="257C1F833F24104E0CFE8E147695FCEF">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ACA88335D578CFD924E03BB297317F24">5432</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D77412A4393B55EF45B01E5AEE7979AF">398</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="81E0665C2B719F1C26575FCBD467A7EB">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.3.4</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="7309D5949E080D4A5750B7C775A67136" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5432.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="17EDA3A857478FE6D5A1DC6ECC171BD6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F0F302EFFA1FFFEFF2AFAAD9FBEFEE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F0F302EFFA1FFFEFF2AFAAD9FBEFEE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F0F302EFFA1FFFEFF2AFAAD9FBEFEE9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA1FFFCFF2AFAAD9E04FA5F" box="[151,1063,1402,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AFAAD9E04FA5F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1402,1501]" box="[151,1063,1402,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<heading id="DC513654FFA1FFFCFF2AFAAD9E04FA5F" bold="true" box="[151,1063,1402,1429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFF2AFAAD9E04FA5F" bold="true" box="[151,1063,1402,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
Key for determination of
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFE75FAAC986DFA5E" ID-CoL="8MRXG" authority="Enderlein (1910)" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1910" box="[456,590,1402,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFE75FAAC986DFA5E" bold="true" box="[456,590,1402,1429]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Euplocania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups and new species (Males)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA1FFFCFF2AFA49989AFA16" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AFA49989AFA16" blockId="1.[151,1436,1402,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
(Adapted with modifications from
<bibRefCitation id="E337FCC9FFA1FFFCFD9CFA4999BDFA72" author="Vinasco-Mondragon, A. F. &amp; Gonzalez-Obando, R. &amp; Garcia-Aldrete, A. N." box="[545,926,1439,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" pagination="101 - 120" refId="ref10431" refString="Vinasco-Mondragon, A. F., Gonzalez-Obando, R. &amp; Garcia-Aldrete, A. N. (2022) New species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Psocomorpha) from Colombia and Ecuador. Zootaxa, 5188 (2), 101 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5188.2.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Vinasco-Mondragon
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFCADFA49996AFA72" box="[784,841,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
. Does not include
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFBCCFA499F25FA73" authorityName="New &amp; Thornton" authorityYear="1988" box="[1137,1286,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFBCCFA499F25FA73" box="[1137,1286,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">E. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFAA9FA499FBFFA72" authorityName="New &amp; Thornton" authorityYear="1988" box="[1300,1436,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFAA9FA499FBFFA72" box="[1300,1436,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">E. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFF7AFA159B6EFA16" authorityName="González-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,333,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wchipere">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFF7AFA159B6EFA16" box="[199,333,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">E. wchipere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since their males are unknown).
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA1FFFCFF2AF9D19FBFF959" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AF9D19FBEF993" blockId="1.[151,1437,1543,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA1FFFCFF2AF9D19FBEF993" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFF2AF9D19A89F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,170,1543,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">1.</emphasis>
Hypandrium of five sclerites (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFDB4F9DE9870F9D6" box="[521,595,1544,1566]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
); forewing with a pigmented and slender marginal band from pterostigma to A
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA1FFFCFAE0F9C19F47F9E8" attach="right" box="[1373,1380,1559,1571]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">2</subScript>
, with two hyaline areas from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA1FFFCFE69F9E29BC9F98B" attach="left" box="[468,490,1588,1600]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">2+3</subScript>
to CuP, at each side of veins end; phallosome with five pair of endophallic sclerites (see
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFAFDF9F39FA7F9F0" box="[1344,1412,1573,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
Fig.
<quantity id="405E2CDDFFA1FFFCFAD1F9F39FA7F9F0" box="[1388,1412,1573,1595]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" unit="in" value="36.0">36</quantity>
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in
<bibRefCitation id="E337FCC9FFA1FFFCFF5FF9949B94F99C" author="Silva-Neto, A. M. &amp; Garcia-Aldrete, A. N. &amp; Rafael, J. A." box="[226,439,1602,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" pagination="374 - 390" refId="ref10242" refString="Silva-Neto, A. M., Garcia-Aldrete, A. N. &amp; Rafael, J. A. (2019) New species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea, ' Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae) from Brazil, with a checklist of all known species of the genus. Zootaxa, 4550 (3), 374 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4550.3.5" type="journal article" year="2019">
Silva-Neto
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFEEDF9959BA2F99C" box="[336,385,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">et al.</emphasis>
2019
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)................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFB75F9949FBEF993" bold="true" box="[1224,1437,1602,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFAAFF9949FBEF993" ID-CoL="8NK47" box="[1298,1437,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquedivisa">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFAAFF9949FBEF993" bold="true" box="[1298,1437,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">quinquedivisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AF9B69FBFF959" blockId="1.[151,1437,1543,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA1FFFCFF2AF9B69FBFF959" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
- Hypandrium of three or less sclerites (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFDF4F9B6993DF9BE" box="[585,798,1631,1654]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Figs 25, 28, 31, 34, 39</figureCitation>
); forewing with or without a pigmented marginal band; phallosome with variable number of endophallic sclerites............................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA1FFFCFF2AF94C9FBFF8EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AF94C9FBFF906" blockId="1.[151,1437,1543,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA1FFFCFF2AF94C9FBFF906" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFF2AF94C9A8AF964" bold="true" box="[151,169,1690,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">2.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of the hypandrium with two posterior-lateral stout projections, these directed mesally and with a row of short spines along outer border (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFE5FF96E9809F906" box="[482,554,1720,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,280,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-63@5.[190,1398,273,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Euplocania erwini n. sp. Male.7. Forewing. 8. Head (frontal view).9. Paraproct and epiproct. 10. Hypandrium. 11. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906664/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); forewing with a pigmented sub-marginal band (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFBBBF96E9E1DF906" box="[1030,1086,1720,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,280,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-63@5.[190,1398,273,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Euplocania erwini n. sp. Male.7. Forewing. 8. Head (frontal view).9. Paraproct and epiproct. 10. Hypandrium. 11. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906664/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)……
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFBCBF9619EDCF907" bold="true" box="[1142,1279,1719,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
Group
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<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFB7DF9619EDCF907" bold="true" box="[1216,1279,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
............ 3
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<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AF9039FBFF8EE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1543,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA1FFFCFF2AF9039FBFF8EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
- Central sclerite of the hypandrium with variable posterior-lateral projections, without posterior-lateral stout projections or these without a row of short spines along outer border (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFD76F924991EF8C3" box="[715,829,1778,1800]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Figs 26, 35</figureCitation>
); forewing with or without a pigmented sub-marginal band or sometimes almost hyaline............................................................................... 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA1FFFCFF2AF8FB9FBEF839" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AF8FB9FBEF851" blockId="1.[151,1437,1543,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA1FFFCFF2AF8FB9FBEF851" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFF2AF8FB9A8AF889" bold="true" box="[151,169,1837,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">3.</emphasis>
Hypandrium of three sclerites (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFDA1F8FB9844F889" box="[540,615,1837,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,280,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-63@5.[190,1398,273,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Euplocania erwini n. sp. Male.7. Forewing. 8. Head (frontal view).9. Paraproct and epiproct. 10. Hypandrium. 11. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906664/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); mesal endophallic sclerites with a bulbous apical process and a pair of anterior endophallic sclerite with three acute processes directed inward and a distal row of spines on inner side, comb-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFAC8F89C9AD9F8B6" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,280,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-63@5.[190,1398,273,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Euplocania erwini n. sp. Male.7. Forewing. 8. Head (frontal view).9. Paraproct and epiproct. 10. Hypandrium. 11. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906664/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)..........................................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFAB5F8509F43F850" authority="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón, 2024" authorityName="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón" authorityYear="2024" box="[1288,1376,1926,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFAB5F8509F43F850" box="[1288,1376,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">E. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFADBF8539FBEF851" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1925,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE1E051FFA1FFFCFADBF8539FBEF851" box="[1382,1437,1925,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA1FFFCFF2AF8759FBEF839" blockId="1.[151,1437,1543,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA1FFFCFF2AF8759FBEF839" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
- Hypandrium of one sclerite (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFE42F874986BF873" box="[511,584,1954,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,188,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-23@7.[164,1423,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Euplocania siona n. sp. Male. 12. Forewing. 13. Hindwing. 14. Head (frontal view). 15. Epiproct and paraproct. 16. Hypandrium. 17. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906666/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); mesal endophallic sclerite transverse, M-shaped, with ends posteriorly projected and apically forked; anterior endophallic sclerites, lengthwise, longer than wide, with numerous processes on internal edge (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA1FFFCFAC8F8169AD8F839" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,188,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-23@7.[164,1423,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Euplocania siona n. sp. Male. 12. Forewing. 13. Hindwing. 14. Head (frontal view). 15. Epiproct and paraproct. 16. Hypandrium. 17. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906666/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA1FFFCFAAFF8089F43F838" authority="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón, 2024" authorityName="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón" authorityYear="2024" box="[1298,1376,2014,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siona" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFAAFF8089F43F838" box="[1298,1376,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">E. siona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA1FFFCFADBF80B9FBEF839" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,2013,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE1E051FFA1FFFCFADBF80B9FBEF839" box="[1382,1437,2013,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="399" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFF419FBFFF01" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFF419FBFFF66" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFF419FBFFF66" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFF419A8AFF67" bold="true" box="[151,169,151,172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">4.</emphasis>
Hypandrium of one sclerite (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFE4BFF4198A4FF67" box="[502,647,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 26, 29, 31</figureCitation>
)................................................................ 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFF639FBFFF01" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,180,202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFF639FBFFF01" box="[151,1436,180,202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Hypandrium of three sclerites (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFDB1FF629883FF01" box="[524,672,180,202]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 35, 36, 40</figureCitation>
), usually a medial one flanking by two smaller ones................... 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFF049FBFFEE9" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFF049FBFFF23" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,210,237]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFF049FBFFF23" box="[151,1436,210,237]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFF049A8AFF2C" bold="true" box="[151,169,210,231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">5.</emphasis>
Forewing almost hyaline, without a pigmented sub-marginal band from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA2FFFFFC1BFF379998FF26" attach="left" box="[934,955,225,237]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">4+5</subScript>
to cua cell (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB92FF049E56FF2C" box="[1071,1141,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
)...................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFF269FBFFEE9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFF269FBFFEE9" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Forewing with a pigmented sub-marginal band (wide or forming arches at the end of each cell) from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA2FFFFFB00FF289EF1FEC1" attach="left" box="[1213,1234,254,266]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">4+5</subScript>
to cua cell or to base (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFF54FEDA9B75FEE9" box="[233,342,268,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 18, 19</figureCitation>
)......................................................................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFEFC9FBFFE5C" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFEFC9FBEFE97" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFEFC9FBEFE97" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFEFC9A8AFEF4" bold="true" box="[151,169,298,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">6.</emphasis>
Pair of posterior projections of hypandrium strongly widened, each one with two short posterior processes, one external and one internal (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFE85FE919BA3FE97" box="[312,384,327,349]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
), internal with macrosetae basally. Anterior endophallic sclerite V-shaped.................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAA9FE919FBEFE97" bold="true" box="[1300,1437,327,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAE3FE919FBEFE97" ID-CoL="BXCHN" box="[1374,1437,327,348]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ticuna">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAE3FE919FBEFE97" bold="true" box="[1374,1437,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">ticuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFEB39FBFFE5C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFEB39FBFFE5C" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Pair of posterior projections of hypandrium not widened as above; medial cleavage quadrate, V or U-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB4BFEB29F46FEB1" box="[1270,1381,356,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
). Pair anterior endophallic sclerite not as above.................................................................. 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFE499FBFFDC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFE499FBFFE1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFE499FBFFE1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFE499A8AFE7F" bold="true" box="[151,169,415,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">7.</emphasis>
Hypandrium with lateral processes large, triangular, and apices bent posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFC50FE499E16FE7F" box="[1005,1077,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
); phallosome with each sclerite of its pair mesal sclerite is C-shaped and curved outwards..............................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFABCFE6A9FBFFE1A" bold="true" box="[1281,1436,444,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAF6FE6A9FBFFE1A" ID-CoL="BXCHP" box="[1355,1436,444,465]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waorani">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAF6FE6A9FBFFE1A" bold="true" box="[1355,1436,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">waorani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFE0C9FBFFDC7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFE0C9FBFFDC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Hypandrium with lateral processes not triangular, nor apically curved as above (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFC59FE0C9E77FE3B" box="[996,1108,474,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
); phallosome with each sclerite of its pair mesal sclerite not C-shaped and curved outwards...................................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFDC29FBFFD8C" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFDC29FBFFDE1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,532,554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFDC29FBFFDE1" box="[151,1436,532,554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFDC29A8AFDE2" bold="true" box="[151,169,532,553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">8.</emphasis>
Hypandrium with medial cleavage quadrate or U-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFCB2FDC29976FDE1" box="[783,853,532,554]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
)....................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAA8FDC29FBFFDE1" bold="true" box="[1301,1436,532,554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAE2FDC39FBFFDE1" ID-CoL="6HD62" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1980" box="[1375,1436,533,554]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerata">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAE2FDC39FBFFDE1" bold="true" box="[1375,1436,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">cerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFDE49FBFFD8C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,561,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFDE49FBFFD8C" box="[151,1436,561,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Hypandrium with medial cleavage V-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFD21FDE498C1FD83" box="[668,738,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
)........................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB68FDE49FBFFD8C" bold="true" box="[1237,1436,561,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAA2FDE79FBFFD8C" ID-CoL="BXCHB" box="[1311,1436,561,583]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garcialdretei">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAA2FDE79FBFFD8C" bold="true" box="[1311,1436,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">garcialdretei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFD999FBFFCDF" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFD999FBFFD77" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFD999FBFFD77" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFD999A8AFDAF" bold="true" box="[151,169,591,612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">9.</emphasis>
Forewings with pterostigma angulate, lower angle extended toward Rs, broad pigmented marginal band from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA2FFFFFA87FD889F6CFDA1" attach="left" box="[1338,1359,606,618]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">4+5</subScript>
to cells cup and 1a-2a (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFEC2FDBA9B99FD49" box="[383,442,620,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); hypandrium wide, with four posterior projections, two middle ones, long and slender or medially widened, distally pointed, and two side ones with posterior digitiform processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFC53FD5C9E08FD6B" box="[1006,1067,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 5</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFBE7FD5C9E56FD54" box="[1114,1141,650,671]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">28</figureCitation>
); transverse mesal endophallic sclerite……….……
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFE18FD719879FD76" bold="true" box="[421,602,679,701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFE52FD719879FD76" ID-CoL="6HD63" authorityName="Gonzalez Obando, Garcia Aldrete &amp; Carrejo Gironza" authorityYear="2015" box="[495,602,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danubiana">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFE52FD719879FD76" bold="true" box="[495,602,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">danubiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
................................................................... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFD139FBFFCDF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFD139FBFFCDF" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Forewing with straight or rounded pterostigma, doesn´t sinuous neither projected towards Rs (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB19FD129ECCFD11" box="[1188,1263,708,730]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
), with a slender, submarginal pigmented band from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA2FFFFFDFCFD279875FD36" attach="left" box="[577,598,753,765]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">4+5</subScript>
to cell cu1, forming arches at the ends of cells r5, m1-m4 and cu1; hypandrium variable but different from above, mesal endophallic sclerite variable.................................................. 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFCCA9FBFFC29" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFCCA9FBFFCA6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFCCA9FBFFCA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFCCA9A95FCFA" bold="true" box="[151,182,796,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">10.</emphasis>
Hypandrium centrally with the two middle ones posterior projection wide and overlapping lengthwise, the lateral posterior projections, on each side of the median ones, widened and with four finger-like posterior processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB35FCEC9EEDFC84" box="[1160,1230,826,848]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
); anterior endophallic sclerites relatively large and close mesally...........................................
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFB39FC8E9FBFFCA6" ID-CoL="6HD63" authority="Gonzalez et al." authorityName="Gonzalez" box="[1156,1436,855,877]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danubiana">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB39FC8E9F25FCA7" box="[1156,1286,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">E. danubiana</emphasis>
González
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAD1FC8E9FB4FCA7" box="[1388,1431,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFCA39FBFFC29" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFCA39FBFFC29" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Hypandrium centrally with the two middle ones posterior projection less wide than in the above species and closely spaced, not overlapping lengthwise, the lateral posterior projections, on each side of the median ones, narrower than in the above and with two-three finger-like posterior processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFDC9FC79988DFC0E" box="[628,686,943,965]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); anterior endophallic sclerites small and widely separated (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB53FC799F0BFC0E" box="[1262,1320,943,965]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFB71FC1B9F43FC2A" authority="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón, 2024" authorityName="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón" authorityYear="2024" box="[1228,1376,972,994]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coyolarensis" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB71FC1B9F43FC2A" box="[1228,1376,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">E. coyolarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFADBFC1B9FBFFC29" bold="true" box="[1382,1436,973,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE1E051FFA2FFFFFADBFC1B9FBFFC29" box="[1382,1436,973,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFC3C9FBFFB59" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFC3C9FBFFB9C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFC3C9FBFFB9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFC3C9A96FC34" bold="true" box="[151,181,1002,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">11.</emphasis>
Hypandrium with medial posterior projection slender and big lateral projections outward directed and distally back curved (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFF54FBD19B75FBD7" box="[233,342,1031,1053]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 30, 31</figureCitation>
); phallosome with endophallic sclerites markedly developed and projected, proximally wide; posterior endophallic sclerites present, if absents, mesal endophallic sclerite with process curved preapically and ventrally directed................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB6CFB949FBFFB9C" bold="true" box="[1233,1436,1089,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAA6FB979FBFFB9C" ID-CoL="6HCTQ" box="[1307,1436,1089,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonaverensis">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAA6FB979FBFFB9C" bold="true" box="[1307,1436,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">bonaverensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFBB69FBFFB59" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFBB69FBFFB59" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Hypandrium with medial posterior projections wide, with distal teeth (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFC21FB8999C5FBBF" box="[924,998,1119,1141]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
); phallosome with little anterior endophallic sclerites doesn’t projected posteriorly, posterior endophallic sclerites present or absent.................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB53FBAA9FBFFB59" bold="true" box="[1262,1436,1148,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFA85FBAA9FBFFB59" ID-CoL="8NHY4" box="[1336,1436,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enderleini">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFA85FBAA9FBFFB59" bold="true" box="[1336,1436,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">enderleini</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFB4C9FBFFB07" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFB4C9FBFFB64" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFB4C9FBFFB64" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFB4C9A95FB64" bold="true" box="[151,182,1178,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">12.</emphasis>
Forewing with sinuous pterostigma, projected towards Rs (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFCA4FB4C997CFB64" box="[793,863,1178,1200]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
)............................................. 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFB6E9FBFFB07" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1207,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFB6E9FBFFB07" box="[151,1436,1207,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Forewing with straight or rounded pterostigma, doesn´t sinuous neither projected towards Rs (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFBD6FB619E92FB07" box="[1131,1201,1207,1229]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
)................ 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFB029FBFFAEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFB029FBFFB21" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1236,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFB029FBFFB21" box="[151,1436,1236,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFB029A96FB22" bold="true" box="[151,181,1236,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">13.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of hypandrium with two median, slender, distally acuminate processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB96FB029E52FB21" box="[1067,1137,1236,1258]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
)...........
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB40FB029FBFFB21" bold="true" box="[1277,1436,1236,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAFAFB029FBFFB21" ID-CoL="6HD5Q" box="[1351,1436,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caliensis">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAFAFB029FBFFB21" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">caliensis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFB249FBFFAEE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFB249FBFFAEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Central sclerite of the hypandrium with two postero-lateral processes often rounded, spinose or glabrous (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB65FB249F3DFACC" box="[1240,1310,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
)................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB43FAD99FBFFAEE" bold="true" box="[1278,1436,1295,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAF5FAD99FBFFAEE" ID-CoL="6HCTL" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1910" box="[1352,1436,1295,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amabilis">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAF5FAD99FBFFAEE" bold="true" box="[1352,1436,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">amabilis</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFAFA9FBFFA51" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFAFA9FBFFA94" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFAFA9FBFFA94" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFAFA9A96FA8A" bold="true" box="[151,181,1324,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">14.</emphasis>
Forewings with rounded pterostigma, about 2.5 times as long as its greatest width (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFBBFFAFA9E6AFA89" box="[1026,1097,1324,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
); forewings veins setae, inserted in brown areolae; hypandrium central sclerite posteriorly with a central process, flanked by lateral processes....
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAB0FA9C9FBFFA94" bold="true" box="[1293,1436,1354,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAEAFA9C9FBFFA94" ID-CoL="8NJPH" box="[1367,1436,1354,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patinoi">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAEAFA9C9FBFFA94" bold="true" box="[1367,1436,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">patinoi</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFABE9FBFFA51" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFABE9FBFFA51" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Forewings with elongated pterostigma, more than 3.0 times longer than its greatest width (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB85FAB19E5DFAB7" box="[1080,1150,1383,1405]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); variable hypandrium central sclerite............................................................................................. 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFA749FBFFA1F" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFA749FBFFA73" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1442,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFA749FBFFA73" box="[151,1436,1442,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFA749A96FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,181,1442,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">15.</emphasis>
Forewings hyaline................................................................................... 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFA169FBFFA1F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1471,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFA169FBFFA1F" box="[151,1436,1471,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Forewings with a broad (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFE6FFA699863FA1F" box="[466,576,1471,1493]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 18, 20</figureCitation>
) or slender pigmented marginal band....................................... 18
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AFA0A9FBEF9E6" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFA0A9FBFFA39" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1500,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFA0A9FBFFA39" box="[151,1436,1500,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AFA0A9A95FA3A" bold="true" box="[151,182,1500,1521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">16.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of hypandrium with two central, slender or stout, elongate, posterior projections (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFB3BFA0A9EEFFA39" box="[1158,1228,1500,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).............. 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AFA2C9FBEF9E6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AFA2C9FBEF9E6" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Central sclerite of hypandrium with two lateral, slender, elongate, acuminate posterior processes, widely separated (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFA87FA2C9FA3F9C4" box="[1338,1408,1530,1552]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
)....................................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB76F9C19FBEF9E6" bold="true" box="[1227,1437,1559,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFAABF9C19FBEF9E6" authorityName="González-Obando, García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza" authorityYear="2015" box="[1302,1437,1559,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guntherbuchi">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAABF9C19FBEF9E6" bold="true" box="[1302,1437,1559,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">guntherbuchi</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AF9E29FBFF94F" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AF9E29FBEF9AC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AF9E29FBEF9AC" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AF9E29A95F982" bold="true" box="[151,182,1588,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">17.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of hypandrium with posterior process deeply concave, with each arm long, distally acuminate (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFAB4F9E29F6CF981" box="[1289,1359,1588,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
)...........................................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB4DF9849FBEF9AC" bold="true" box="[1264,1437,1617,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFA87F9879FBEF9AC" ID-CoL="3CVVF" authorityName="Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2001" box="[1338,1437,1617,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelayensis">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFA87F9879FBEF9AC" bold="true" box="[1338,1437,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">zelayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AF9A69FBFF94F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1647,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AF9A69FBFF94F" box="[151,1436,1647,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Central sclerite of hypandrium with two stout, median, crossing posterior processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFBADF9B99E75F94F" box="[1040,1110,1647,1669]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
)...............
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAA4F9B99FBFF94F" bold="true" box="[1305,1436,1647,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFADEF9B99FBFF94F" ID-CoL="3CVVC" authorityName="Garcia Aldrete, Gonzalez Obando &amp; Carrejo" authorityYear="2013" box="[1379,1436,1647,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reyesi">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFADEF9B99FBFF94F" bold="true" box="[1379,1436,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">reyesi</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AF95A9FBFF932" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AF95A9FBFF974" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AF95A9FBFF974" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AF95A9A96F96A" bold="true" box="[151,181,1676,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">18.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of hypandrium large, with two posterior projections (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFCCAF95A99C5F969" box="[887,998,1676,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
); forewings with a broad pigmented marginal band, or forming arches at the end of each cell (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFD11F97C993AF974" box="[684,793,1706,1728]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 18, 22</figureCitation>
)..................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFA39F97C9FBFF974" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1706,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">19</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AF91E9FBFF932" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AF91E9FBFF932" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Central sclerite of hypandrium, with four posterior projections (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFCEEF91199E4F917" box="[851,967,1735,1757]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Figs 35, 40</figureCitation>
); forewings with a slender, pigmented marginal band from R 4+5 to CuP-1A (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFE54F932980CF931" box="[489,559,1764,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
)......................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFA39F9329FBFF932" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1764,1785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">20</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFFFF2AF8D49FBEF80C" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AF8D49FBFF899" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AF8D49FBFF899" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AF8D49A96F8DC" bold="true" box="[151,181,1794,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">19.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of hypandrium with two stout lateral posterior processes, distally crossed, each bearing a mesal tooth on inner border, and a row of teeth distally along outer border (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFD51F8C99917F8FF" box="[748,820,1823,1845]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
); mesal endophallic sclerite with large concave anterior margin, posterior margin with central projection triangular.................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFAA4F8EA9FBFF899" bold="true" box="[1305,1436,1852,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFADEF8EA9FBFF899" ID-CoL="3CVV5" box="[1379,1436,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laelsa">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFADEF8EA9FBFF899" bold="true" box="[1379,1436,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">laelsa</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFFFF2AF88C9FBEF80C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFFFF2AF88C9FBEF80C" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
- Central sclerite of hypandrium with two median, close together, acuminate or distally widened posterior projections, located ventrally to a distally acuminate membranous projection median (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA2FFFFFCDDF8A1998AF847" box="[864,937,1911,1933]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
); mesal endophallic sclerite with straight to convex anterior margin, with two stout projections on posterior corners, posterior margin with inverted U-shaped.....................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFB5EF8649FBEF80C" bold="true" box="[1251,1437,1970,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA2FFFFFA93F8649FBEF80C" ID-CoL="8NK8P" box="[1326,1437,1970,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uariniensis">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFA93F8649FBEF80C" bold="true" box="[1326,1437,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">uariniensis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="3C52999DFFA2FFFEFF2AF8199FBEFEE9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA2FFFEFF2AF8199FBFFF23" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,296]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA2FFFEFF2AF8199FBFFF23" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA2FFFFFF2AF8199A96F82F" bold="true" box="[151,181,1999,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="400">20.</emphasis>
Central sclerite of hypandrium with two lateral, long, slender acuminate posterior processes, and two median, shorter, acuminate posterior processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA3FFFEFE1BFF419BCEFF66" box="[422,493,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
); mesal endophallic sclerites transverse, postero-mesal sclerite distally acuminate, each arm with a rounded protuberance proximally; forewings with pigmented marginal band from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA3FFFEFBBBFF129E3FFF1B" attach="left" box="[1030,1052,196,208]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">4+5</subScript>
to areola postica (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA3FFFEFB70FF639F31FF01" box="[1229,1298,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[164,1423,181,1182]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Forewing of six Euplocania species. 18. E. guticortesorum. 19. E. rojasae. 20. E. caliensis. 21. E. yalcona. 22. E. laelsa. 23. E. garcialdretei. Redrawn from: Fig. 18 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2022), Fig. 19. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2018), Fig. 20. (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2015), Figs 21, 22. Gonzalez-Obando et al. 2017. Fig. 23. Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo-Gironza 2023." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFAB8FF049FBFFF23" bold="true" box="[1285,1436,210,232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA3FFFEFAF2FF049FBFFF23" ID-CoL="6HCTF" box="[1359,1436,210,232]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yalcona">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFAF2FF049FBFFF23" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">yalcona</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA3FFFEFF2AFF269FBEFEE9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
<keyLead id="3C57220DFFA3FFFEFF2AFF269FBEFEE9" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
- Central sclerite of hypandrium with four posterior projections, two large lateral and two small, median (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA3FFFEFABEFF399F6CFECE" box="[1283,1359,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–40" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,187,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-23@9.[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–40. Hypandrium in Euplocania species. 24. E. quinquedivisa. 25. E. cerata. 26. E. garcialdretei. 27. E. ticuna 28. E. danubiana. 29. E. enderleini. 30. E. bonaverensis. 31. E. waorani. 32. E. caliensis. 33. E. vaupesiana. 34. E. guntherbuchi. 35. E. yalcona. 36. E. zelayensis 37. E. reyesi. 38. E. laelsa. 39. E. uariniensis. 40. E. daguensis. Redrawn from: Fig. 24. (Silva- Neto et al. 2019). Fig. 25 (New 1980), Fig. 26 (Gonzalez-Obando &amp; Carrejo 2023). Figs 27, 31 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2022). Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 40 (Gonzalez et al. (2015). Fig. 29 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2018). Fig. 33 (Vinasco-Mondragón et al. 2018). Figs 35, 38 (Gonzalez-Obando et al. (2017). Fig. 36. (Garcia-Aldrete 2001). Fig. 37 (Garcia-Aldrete et al. 2013). Fig. 39. (Silva-Neto 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); mesal endophallic sclerites variable; forewing with slender marginal band from R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA3FFFEFC09FECA99EAFEE3" attach="left" box="[948,969,284,296]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">2+3</subScript>
to cup cell...............
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFB4DFEDB9FBEFEE9" bold="true" box="[1264,1437,268,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
Group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA3FFFEFA87FEDA9FBEFEE9" authorityName="González-Obando, García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza" authorityYear="2015" box="[1338,1437,268,290]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daguensis">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFA87FEDA9FBEFEE9" bold="true" box="[1338,1437,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">daguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<mods:title id="1D035ABAFD6BD5089A7B967DEFD5F9C6">New Euplocania species (Psocodea: Ptiloneuridae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Nicaragua, amendments and addition to species groups</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="87198138FFA3FFFEFF2AFEBB9872FE4C" blockId="3.[151,593,365,427]" box="[151,593,365,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
<heading id="DC513654FFA3FFFEFF2AFEBB9872FE4C" bold="true" box="[151,593,365,392]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFF2AFEBB9872FE4C" bold="true" box="[151,593,365,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA3FFFEFF2AFEBB9BE2FE43" authority="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón, 2024" authorityName="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,449,365,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coyolarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFF2AFEBB9BE2FE43" bold="true" box="[151,449,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">Euplocania coyolarensis</emphasis>
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Male
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<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA3FFFEFF2AFE479B28FE60" box="[151,267,401,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" type="description">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA3FFFEFF2AFE479B28FE60" blockId="3.[151,593,365,427]" box="[151,267,401,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
(
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA3FFFEFF22FE479B21FE60" box="[159,258,401,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D3D9D1B0FFA3FFFEFF2AF86E98F5F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" startId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" targetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA3FFFEFF2AF86E98F5F83F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1976,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFF2AF86E9B1DF81B" bold="true" box="[151,318,1976,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA3FFFEFEF5F86E9864F81B" authority="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón, 2024" authorityName="González-Obando &amp; García-Aldrete &amp; Carrejo-Gironza &amp; Vinasco-Mondragón" authorityYear="2024" box="[328,583,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coyolarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA3FFFEFEF5F86E9864F81B" box="[328,583,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="401">Euplocania coyolarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEE1E051FFA3FFFEFDECF86F98ADF81A" box="[593,654,1977,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="401" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA4FFF9FF2AFF4099DFFC02" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA4FFF9FF2AFF4099B9FED6" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FF2AFF409B31FF7B" bold="true" box="[151,274,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Belonging in species group
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA4FFF9FDD5FF4198C3FF7A" box="[616,736,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danubiana">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FDD5FF4198C3FF7A" box="[616,736,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">danubiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="40A6FABBFFA4FFF9FCF7FF4199C6FF7A" box="[842,997,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Euplocania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danubiana">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FCF7FF4199C6FF7A" box="[842,997,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">E. danubiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it has hypandrium centrally with the two middle posterior projection less wide and closely spaced, not overlapping lengthwise, the lateral posterior projections, on each side of the middle ones, are narrower and with two-three finger-like posterior processes (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FAD2FF099A84FED6" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); anterior endophallic sclerites small and widely separated (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FCFAFED599AFFED6" box="[839,908,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA4FFF9FF7AFEF09E9AFE1A" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FF7AFEF09B28FE8B" bold="true" box="[199,267,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Color</emphasis>
(in plate). Head: Pale brown; genae brown, with dark brown spot, ocellar group ochre; maxillary palps pale brown; antennae pale brown, with scape and pedicel darker. Compound eyes brown; ocelli hyaline, with pale brown centripetal crescents. Forewings hyaline, with a brown marginal band from wing base to R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA4FFF9FAB1FE579F05FE44" attach="left" box="[1292,1318,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">4+5</subScript>
; R
<subScript id="1B22837DFFA4FFF9FAF6FE579F47FE44" attach="left" box="[1355,1380,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">2+3</subScript>
with brown spot at wing margin; pterostigma dark brown, anteriorly unpigmented. Hindwings hyaline, with pale brown band from wing base to end of CuP. Epiproct, paraprocts, hypandrium and phallosome brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87198138FFA4FFF9FF7AFE0D99DFFC02" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FF7AFE0D9B78FE3E" bold="true" box="[199,347,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Morphology</emphasis>
: Head (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FE05FE0D9BDDFE3E" box="[440,510,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): H/MxW: 1.41; compound eyes large, H/D: 1.87; IO/MxW: 0.51. Outer cusp of lacinial tips broad, with five denticles. Forewings (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FD54FE29990CFDD2" box="[745,815,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): L/W: 2.61. Pterostigma angulate, extended towards Rs; lp/wp: 3.12, areola postica tall, with rounded apex, slanted posteriorly: al/ah: 1.67. Hindwings (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FA97FDF59F50FDF6" box="[1322,1395,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
): l/ w: 3.1. Hypandrium of a broad, large sclerite, with setae and macrosetae as illustrated (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FB38FD919EE8FDAA" box="[1157,1227,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); obtusely convex anteriorly, latero-posteriorly angled, centrally with four posterior projections, two middle ones, long and slender, distally acuminate, and one on each side of the median ones, these tuberculate and macrosetose posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FAF7FD599FADFD62" box="[1354,1422,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Phallosome (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FE97FD659B4DFD06" box="[298,366,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with side struts distally wide, V-shaped; external parameres stout, bearing pores distally; two pairs of endophallic sclerites plus a mesal, transverse endophallic sclerite, M-shaped, continued into an elongated postero-mesal sclerite that slightly exceeds the apex of the external parameres, ending in a hook directed outward; anterior pair of endophallic sclerites small, basally connected to the lateral endophallic sclerites, these laminar, elongate, broad basally, distally acuminate, and slightly curved inward; mesal endophallic sclerite with a triangular central projection and posterior preapical edge of lateral projections, serrated (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FBB8FCB19E6AFC4A" box="[1029,1097,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Epiproct semioval, with two lateral macrosetae and setae on the posterior margin, as illustrated (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FC29FC5D99F9FC6E" box="[916,986,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Paraprocts (
<figureCitation id="1F9D9DBDFFA4FFF9FBCBFC5D9E99FC6E" box="[1142,1210,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,455,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[190,1398,449,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Euplocania coyolarensis n. sp. Male. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Head (frontal view). 4. Epiproct and paraproct. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10906662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10906662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) broadly triangular, with setal field distally; sensory fields with 32 trichobothria on basal rosettes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA4FFF9FF7AFC059F56FC26" box="[199,1397,978,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="description">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA4FFF9FF7AFC059F56FC26" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1149]" box="[199,1397,978,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FF7AFC059B54FC26" bold="true" box="[199,375,979,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Measurements</emphasis>
(in microns). FW: 4300; HW: 3050; f1: 790; f2: 662; D: 520; d: 390; IO/d: 0.91; PO: 0.75.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA4FFF9FF7AFC2099ABFBFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA4FFF9FF7AFC2099ABFBFE" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FF7AFC209BB6FBDB" bold="true" box="[199,405,1014,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Material studied.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37CE8B65FFA4FFF9FE20FC219B29FBFE" collectingDate="1991-05" collectorName="El Coyolar. &amp; S. Hue." country="Nicaragua" location="Matagalpa" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Matagalpa" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="581D3F9AFFA4FFF9FE20FC219826FBDA" box="[413,517,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (Musenuv).
<collectingCountry id="FFB1C1A8FFA4FFF9FD69FC219968FBDA" box="[724,843,1015,1041]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="45624FDAFFA4FFF9FCEBFC2199ECFBDA" box="[854,975,1015,1041]" country="Nicaragua" name="Matagalpa" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Matagalpa</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="405E2CDDFFA4FFF9FC67FC209E01FBDA" box="[986,1058,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
NE,
<collectorName id="2A53E4EEFFA4FFF9FBE0FC219EC3FBDA" box="[1117,1248,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">El Coyolar.</collectorName>
<date id="F318A7F8FFA4FFF9FB5AFC219F1EFBDA" box="[1255,1341,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" value="1991-05">
<collectingDate id="E35C5E10FFA4FFF9FB5AFC219F1EFBDA" box="[1255,1341,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" value="1991-05">V.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="2A53E4EEFFA4FFF9FAF5FC219FBEFBDA" box="[1352,1437,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">S. Hue.</collectorName>
<collectingMethod id="5EE7F92FFFA4FFF9FF2AFBCD9B29FBFE" box="[151,266,1051,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Light trap</collectingMethod>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="37CE8B65FFA4FFF9FEA9FBCD99A7FBFE" box="[276,900,1051,1077]" collectingDate="1991-05" collectorName="El Coyolar. &amp; S. Hue." country="Nicaragua" location="Matagalpa" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Matagalpa" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="581D3F9AFFA4FFF9FEA9FBCD9B59FBFE" box="[276,378,1051,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="91A04AB1FFA4FFF9FE38FBCD9BF3FBFE" box="[389,464,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(Musenuv), same data as the holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFBCD2B3FFA4FFF9FF7AFBE99B83FBB6" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="87198138FFA4FFF9FF7AFBE99B83FBB6" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B5D25D2AFFA4FFF9FF7AFBE99B6CFB92" bold="true" box="[199,335,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the type locality in El Coyolar,
<collectingRegion id="45624FDAFFA4FFF9FB9CFBE99EB9FB92" box="[1057,1178,1087,1113]" country="Nicaragua" name="Matagalpa" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Matagalpa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFB1C1A8FFA4FFF9FB15FBE99F3DFB92" box="[1192,1310,1087,1113]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="4" pageNumber="402">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
, where the
<typeStatus id="581D3F9AFFA4FFF9FF2AFBB59ADAFBB6" box="[151,249,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="402" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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