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Part I: erection of three new species in genera Nesobasis Selys, 1891 and Nikoulabasis Ferguson et al., 2023 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) - - - -Author - -Marinov, Milen -0000-0003-3284-2555 -milen.marinov@mpi.govt.nz - - - -Author - -Rashni, Bindiya -University of the South Pacific, Discipline of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, Laucala Campus, Fiji & Wetlands Pasifika, Suva, Fiji - -text - - -Zootaxa - - -2025 - -2025-05-21 - - -5637 - - -2 - - -292 -310 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 - -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 -1175-5326 -15562484 -CECBF827-D487-4AD4-A792-98CAB71F038F - - - - - - - -Nikoulabasis pauta - -sp. nov. - - - - - - -( -Figs 10–12 -) - - - - - - -Holotype - -. -♀ -( -NZAC04231104 -), section of -Wailevu creek -about - -500 m - -above -Maloku village -up to the -Savukaratu -waterfall, -18.5876S -, -179.8741E -to -18.5903S -, -179.8744E -, - -151–260 m -a.s.l. - -, - -4 May 2024 - -, -MM -leg. - - - - - -Paratypes -. - -1♀ -( -USP -_14009), headwaters of -Waitabu -stream, native forested lowland by -Maloku village -, -18.5945S -, -179.8653E -, - -394 m -a.s.l. - -, - -26 October 2020 - -, -BR -leg - -.; - -1♀ -( -USP -_14010), M1- -Moala -, -Waitabu -stream headwater, -BR -leg - -.; - -2♀♀ -( -NZAC04231105-6 -), same data as the holotype - -. - - -Additional material (tenerals): - -3♀♀ -, section of -Wailevu creek -about - -500 m - -above -Maloku village -up to the -Savukaratu -waterfall, -18.5876S -, -179.8741E -to -18.5903S -, -179.8744E -, - -151–260 m -a.s.l. - -, - -4 May 2024 - -, -MM -leg - -. - - - - -Etymology -. The species epithet originates from the Fijian word - -“ -pauta - -” [= powder] as a noun in apposition. It was selected for the intensive pruinosity of the body observed in majority of the specimens and is a key characteristic for distinguishing - -N. pauta - -individuals in the field. - - - - -FIGURE 10. - -Nikoulabasis pauta - -, holotype: A) habitus; B) head and thorax, dorsal and lateral view; C) head, frontal view; D) HW; E) posterior end of prothorax and mesostigmal plate; F) ovipositor. - - - - - -Description of -holotype - - - -( -Fig. 10 -) - - -Head -( -Fig. 10B–C -). Labium pale yellow; frontal part of head yellow on genae, bases of mandibles ascending dorsally to level of dorsal end of toruli, crossing frons as a bar below level of antennal bases, partly on the disk of labrum and anteclypeus; labrum yellow with blue hue, green between antennal bases and eyes; dark areas as follows: reddish tips of mandibles, approximately M-shaped black marking at the base of labrum, pale brown lateral on the bases of mandibles and anteclypeus, almost entire postclypeus, brown line at the junction between postclypeus and frons; rest of head predominantly black with dark yellow to orange spots on antero-lateral faces of toruli, dorsal end of scape, two spots at each of the inner borders of toruli, spot anteriorly at median ocellus; black continues at the rear part of the head save for yellow next to foramen, with intensive pruinescence on the ventral surfaces of the lobes; eyes discoloured. - - -Thorax -( -Fig. 10A–B, E -). All dark with intensive pruinescence. Prothorax black with two lateral yellow spots on the anterior lobe. Pterothorax black on mesepisterum with slight metallic sheen, brown on the rest of the segments with yellow around, edges of alar ridges and ventrally on mes- and metinfraepisterna and weak streak at ventral edge of metepimeron; black spot on the metapleural suture. Legs predominantly dark with pruinescence mainly on the femora: coxae yellow anteriorly and brown posteriorly, trochanters yellow; femora dark brown with paler line along the posterior edges on outer faces; tibiae brown at the bases (darker on the inner surfaces) transforming to dark yellow at the junction with tarsi; tarsi dark yellow at the bases of the segments and dark at the tips; darker coloration deeper on the claws. - - -Wings -( -Fig. 10D -). Venation black; pterostigma brown; FW: 18 Px, RP -2 -at 7–7.5 -th -Px; HW: 16 Px, RP -2 -at 6.5 -th -Px; arculus at 2 -nd -Ax in all wings. - - -Abdomen -( -Fig. 10A -). Black on the dorsum running from the base to the 2/3 -rd -of S9, rest of the dorsum (last 1/3 -rd -of S9 and S10) blue; ventral parts of terga yellow dark to orange on S1–7, pale yellow lines along the ventral edges starting from S4; sterna black. Ovipositor yellow with black serration. Cerci ( -Fig. 10F -) black aligned with the tip of the valves, styli dark with orange tips. - -Measurements: AL 28, HW 23, HF 3.5, S 0.2, P 0.5, MDBE 1.82. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFA480336EA30164FDD2FEE1.xml b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFA480336EA30164FDD2FEE1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..541fc81b6d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFA480336EA30164FDD2FEE1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,440 @@ + + + +A contribution to the Odonata fauna of Moala Island, Fiji. Part I: erection of three new species in genera Nesobasis Selys, 1891 and Nikoulabasis Ferguson et al., 2023 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) + + + +Author + +Marinov, Milen +0000-0003-3284-2555 +Biosecurity Surveillance & Incursion Investigation Plant Health Team, Ministry for Primary Industries, Christchurch, New Zealand +milen.marinov@mpi.govt.nz + + + +Author + +Rashni, Bindiya +University of the South Pacific, Discipline of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, Laucala Campus, Fiji & Wetlands Pasifika, Suva, Fiji + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-21 + + +5637 + + +2 + + +292 +310 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 +1175-5326 +15562484 +CECBF827-D487-4AD4-A792-98CAB71F038F + + + + + + + +Nikoulabasis pauta + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs 10–12 +) + + + + + + +Holotype + +. +♀ +( +NZAC04231104 +), +section of Wailevu creek about 500 m above Maloku village up to the Savukaratu waterfall +, +18.5876S +, +179.8741E +to 18.5903S, 179.8744E, + +151–260 m +a.s.l. + +, + +4 May 2024 + +, +MM +leg. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +1♀ +( +USP_14009 +), +headwaters of Waitabu stream, native forested lowland by Maloku village +, +18.5945S +, +179.8653E +, + +394 m +a.s.l. + +, + +26 October 2020 + +, +BR +leg + +.; + +1♀ +( +USP_14010 +), +M1-Moala, Waitabu stream headwater +, +BR +leg + +.; + +2♀♀ +( +NZAC04231105-6 +), same data as the holotype + +. + + +Additional material (tenerals): + +3♀♀ +, +section of Wailevu creek about 500 m above Maloku village up to the Savukaratu waterfall +, +18.5876S +, +179.8741E +to 18.5903S, 179.8744E, + +151–260 m +a.s.l. + +, + +4 May 2024 + +, +MM +leg + +. + + + + +Etymology +. The species epithet originates from the Fijian word + +“ +pauta + +” [= powder] as a noun in apposition. It was selected for the intensive pruinosity of the body observed in majority of the specimens and is a key characteristic for distinguishing + +N. pauta + +individuals in the field. + + + + +FIGURE 10. + +Nikoulabasis pauta + +, holotype: A) habitus; B) head and thorax, dorsal and lateral view; C) head, frontal view; D) HW; E) posterior end of prothorax and mesostigmal plate; F) ovipositor. + + + + + +Description of +holotype + + + +( +Fig. 10 +) + + +Head +( +Fig. 10B–C +). Labium pale yellow; frontal part of head yellow on genae, bases of mandibles ascending dorsally to level of dorsal end of toruli, crossing frons as a bar below level of antennal bases, partly on the disk of labrum and anteclypeus; labrum yellow with blue hue, green between antennal bases and eyes; dark areas as follows: reddish tips of mandibles, approximately M-shaped black marking at the base of labrum, pale brown lateral on the bases of mandibles and anteclypeus, almost entire postclypeus, brown line at the junction between postclypeus and frons; rest of head predominantly black with dark yellow to orange spots on antero-lateral faces of toruli, dorsal end of scape, two spots at each of the inner borders of toruli, spot anteriorly at median ocellus; black continues at the rear part of the head save for yellow next to foramen, with intensive pruinescence on the ventral surfaces of the lobes; eyes discoloured. + + +Thorax +( +Fig. 10A–B, E +). All dark with intensive pruinescence. Prothorax black with two lateral yellow spots on the anterior lobe. Pterothorax black on mesepisterum with slight metallic sheen, brown on the rest of the segments with yellow around, edges of alar ridges and ventrally on mes- and metinfraepisterna and weak streak at ventral edge of metepimeron; black spot on the metapleural suture. Legs predominantly dark with pruinescence mainly on the femora: coxae yellow anteriorly and brown posteriorly, trochanters yellow; femora dark brown with paler line along the posterior edges on outer faces; tibiae brown at the bases (darker on the inner surfaces) transforming to dark yellow at the junction with tarsi; tarsi dark yellow at the bases of the segments and dark at the tips; darker coloration deeper on the claws. + + +Wings +( +Fig. 10D +). Venation black; pterostigma brown; FW: 18 Px, RP +2 +at 7–7.5 +th +Px; HW: 16 Px, RP +2 +at 6.5 +th +Px; arculus at 2 +nd +Ax in all wings. + + +Abdomen +( +Fig. 10A +). Black on the dorsum running from the base to the 2/3 +rd +of S9, rest of the dorsum (last 1/3 +rd +of S9 and S10) blue; ventral parts of terga yellow dark to orange on S1–7, pale yellow lines along the ventral edges starting from S4; sterna black. Ovipositor yellow with black serration. Cerci ( +Fig. 10F +) black aligned with the tip of the valves, styli dark with orange tips. + +Measurements: AL 28, HW 23, HF 3.5, S 0.2, P 0.5, MDBE 1.82. + + + +Variations of +paratypes + + + + +Figure 11 +presents variations observed in the intensity of the body pruinosity, and metallic sheen on the mesepisternum and posterior abdominal segments. Reduced pruinosity is a postmortem effect due to the prolonged exposure into the liquid medium used for storing the specimens. All live individuals possessed very densely pruinose thoraxes (except for the mesepisterna only) and rear part of the head (cf. +Fig. 12 +). The blue on the posterior abdominal segments is expanded in +three specimens +and developed at the posterior edges of S8, the blue area on S +9 in +one specimen +runs on the middle section of the entire dorsum. The metallic sheen on the body is mostly dark green or violet when observed at various angles. Spots at the inner corners of toruli are obscured to missing in +one specimen +. Variations in wings—FW: 18–19 Px, RP +2 +at 7.5–8 +th +Px; HW: 16 Px; RP +2 +at 6–7 +th +Px. + +Measurements: AL 27–28, HW 21.5–22. + +Note. +This taxon is erected based on females only. Three teneral + +Nikoulabasis + +males ( +NZAC +04230646, +NZAC +04230591, section of Wailevu creek about +500 m +above Maloku village up to the Savukaratu waterfall, +18.5876S +, +179.8741E +to +18.5903S +, +179.8744E +, +151–260 m +a.s.l., +4 May 2024 +, +MM +leg.; +NZAC +04231108, Wailevu creek above the Savukaratu waterfall, +18.5910S +, +179.8733E +, +321 m +a.s.l., +6 May 2024 +, +MM +leg.) were sampled soon after they emerged. One ( +NZAC +04231108) was photographed in the field ( +Fig. 13 +), kept alive for over 24 hours and then preserved in acetone. This specimen was the most likely candidate for the +allotype +; however, the age of the specimen made it very difficult to decide on the affiliation with the females assigned in here to + +N. pauta + +. Additionally, the structure of the posterior abdominal segments deviates from the idiognosis for the genus provided in +Donnelly & Marinov (2024: 184) +. The paraprocts are 1/3 +rd +the length of the cerci (see +Fig. 13 +) which is atypical for members of + +Nikoulabasis + +where all males known so far have them subequal to slightly longer.All specimens are available for future studies when more + +Nikoulabasis + +males from Moala Island are collected. + + + + +FIGURE 11. + +Nikoulabasis pauta + +, variations of the colour patterns within the paratypes, thorax and posterior end of abdomen of four specimens. + + + + +FIGURE 12. + +Nikoulabasis pauta + +, colouration in life. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis + + + +The overall dark colour (almost unicoloured body save for blue areas on the dorsum of S9–10) and the dense pruinescence in females of + +N. pauta + +are unique and separate it from the other congeners. In the general body stature females + +N. pauta + +resemble members of + +N. crassa +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +. The similarity is increased by the presence of the pruinosity on the thorax as well as other body parts; the shape of the mesostigmal plate (dorsoposterior tubercle missing); and the origin of RP +2 +(about midway between nodus and pterostigma). The posterior lobe of prothorax in lateral view is raised in a similar up-right position in members of the two taxa, however the posterior edge in + +N. crassa + +appears more invaginated, giving it a bilobed general outline in dorsal view (see fig. 203E in +Donnelly & Marinov 2024: 206 +). The length of the ovipositor (valvae not surpassing the tip of cerci) separates + +N. + +pauta +from + +N. crassa + +(valvae surpassing the tip of cerci). In this feature females of + +N. pauta + +are closer to the females of + +N. furcifer +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +. The blue dorsal spots on S9–10 are very similar in both taxa. + +Nikoulabasis furcifer + +females develop pruinescence as well, with the populations from Koro as the most notable example (see fig. +213 in +Donnelly & Marinov 2024: 215–216 +). Females + +N. pauta + +are much darker, with yellow areas much reduced (cross bar on the frons, ventral edges of tergites and ovipositor valvae) whereas females of + +N. furcifer + +are more vivid yellow. The general paler appearance of + +N. furcifer + +is enhanced by the presence of a red areas developed ventrally especially on S4–6, missing in + +N. pauta + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAA803B6EA30165FD47F9A9.xml b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAA80366EA30165FD76FD9D.xml similarity index 60% rename from data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAA803B6EA30165FD47F9A9.xml rename to data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAA80366EA30165FD76FD9D.xml index 98b1e60e35b..7f6bbd932dd 100644 --- a/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAA803B6EA30165FD47F9A9.xml +++ b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAA80366EA30165FD76FD9D.xml @@ -1,55 +1,56 @@ - - - -A contribution to the Odonata fauna of Moala Island, Fiji. Part I: erection of three new species in genera Nesobasis Selys, 1891 and Nikoulabasis Ferguson et al., 2023 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) + + + +A contribution to the Odonata fauna of Moala Island, Fiji. Part I: erection of three new species in genera Nesobasis Selys, 1891 and Nikoulabasis Ferguson et al., 2023 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Marinov, Milen -0000-0003-3284-2555 -milen.marinov@mpi.govt.nz +Marinov, Milen +0000-0003-3284-2555 +Biosecurity Surveillance & Incursion Investigation Plant Health Team, Ministry for Primary Industries, Christchurch, New Zealand +milen.marinov@mpi.govt.nz - - -Author + + +Author -Rashni, Bindiya -University of the South Pacific, Discipline of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, Laucala Campus, Fiji & Wetlands Pasifika, Suva, Fiji +Rashni, Bindiya +University of the South Pacific, Discipline of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, Laucala Campus, Fiji & Wetlands Pasifika, Suva, Fiji -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2025 - -2025-05-21 + +2025 + +2025-05-21 - -5637 + +5637 - -2 + +2 - -292 -310 + +292 +310 - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 -1175-5326 -15562484 -CECBF827-D487-4AD4-A792-98CAB71F038F +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 +1175-5326 +15562484 +CECBF827-D487-4AD4-A792-98CAB71F038F - + @@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ - + Holotype . @@ -79,10 +80,8 @@ ♂ ( NZAC04231107 -), tributary of -Wailevu creek -above -Maloku village +), +tributary of Wailevu creek above Maloku village , 18.5890S , @@ -97,12 +96,12 @@ a.s.l. 6 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg. - + Paratypes . @@ -113,28 +112,19 @@ leg. ), same data as holotype ; - + 5♀♀ ( NZAC04231082 -, USPac_14004–7), section of -Wailevu creek -about - -500 m -above Maloku village - -up to the -Savukaratu -waterfall, +, +USPac_14004–7 +), +section of Wailevu creek about 500 m above Maloku village up to the Savukaratu waterfall +, 18.5876S , 179.8741E -to -18.5903S -, -179.8744E -, +to 18.5903S, 179.8744E, 151–260 m a.s.l. @@ -144,19 +134,19 @@ a.s.l. 4 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg .; - + 2♀♀ ( NZAC04231079 -, USPac_14008), -Wailevu creek -above the -Savukaratu -waterfall, +, +USPac_14008 +), +Wailevu creek above the Savukaratu waterfall +, 18.5910S , 179.8733E @@ -170,16 +160,16 @@ a.s.l. 6 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg .; - + 1♀ -(USPsc_14003), -Kedrau creek -, native forested lowland stream by -Keteira village +( +USPsc_14003 +), +Kedrau creek, native forested lowland stream by Keteira village , 18.6209S , @@ -194,13 +184,13 @@ a.s.l. 23 October 2020 , -BR +BR leg . - + Allotype . @@ -208,25 +198,13 @@ leg ♀ ( NZAC04231078 -), section of -Wailevu creek -about - -500 m - -above -Maloku village -up to the -Savukaratu -waterfall, +), +section of Wailevu creek about 500 m above Maloku village up to the Savukaratu waterfall +, 18.5876S , 179.8741E -to -18.5903S -, -179.8744E -, +to 18.5903S, 179.8744E, 151–260 m a.s.l. @@ -236,7 +214,7 @@ a.s.l. 4 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg. @@ -256,27 +234,16 @@ leg. leg. (head and last five abdominal segments are missing) ; - + 1♂ 2♀♀ -, section of -Wailevu creek -about - -500 m -above Maloku village - -up to the -Savukaratu -waterfall, +, +section of Wailevu creek about 500 m above Maloku village up to the Savukaratu waterfall +, 18.5876S , 179.8741E -to -18.5903S -, -179.8744E -, +to 18.5903S, 179.8744E, 151 to 260 m a.s.l. @@ -286,17 +253,15 @@ a.s.l. 4 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg .; - + 1♂ , -Wailevu creek -above the -Savukaratu -waterfall, +Wailevu creek above the Savukaratu waterfall +, 18.5910S , 179.8733E @@ -310,16 +275,14 @@ a.s.l. 6 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg .; - + 2♂♂ -, tributary of -Wailevu creek -above -Maloku village +, +tributary of Wailevu creek above Maloku village , 18.5890S , @@ -334,7 +297,7 @@ a.s.l. 6 May 2024 , -MM +MM leg . @@ -516,5 +479,129 @@ Px. Measurements: AL 27.5–32.0, HW 19.5–22.5. + + + +Differential diagnosis + + + +The L-shaped cerci in dorsal view on males suggest classification of + +N. malokuensium + +under the so called +erythrops +- group of taxa following the convention given in +Donnelly (1990) +and idiognosis provided in +Donnelly & Marinov (2024: 11) +. The proportion of the antennal segments and length of legs (hind femora) relative to the posterior end of the thorax bring + +N. malokuensium + +morphologically closer to + +N. albistigma +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +, + +N. angulicollis +Tillyard, 1924 + +, + +N. auricularis +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +, + +N. latistyla +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +, + +N. monika +Marinov, 2021 + +, + +N. rufostigma +Donnelly, 1990 + +, + +N. tillyardi +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +, and + +N. viridis +Donnelly & Marinov, 2024 + +. The T-shaped distal segment of penis eliminates + +N. latistyla + +and + +N. rufostigma + +from this diagnosis. The dorsal view of the cerci in combination with the shape of paraprocts further excludes + +N. albistigma + +, + +N. angulicollis + +, + +N. auricularis + +and + +N. monika + +. The general shape of the appendages in lateral views (paraproct shorter than cerci to about twice the size of them) in + +N. malokuensium + +resemble the plan of + +N. tillyardi + +and + +N. viridis + +. + +Nesobasis tillyardi + +is excluded from comparison because of the paraprocts lack horn-like expansions. Members of + +N. viridis + +are found to be the closest to + +N. malokuensium + +. In addition to all features discussed above, the paraprocts of the two taxa in lateral view have the projections elevated dorsally, with tips that may be positioned in between the cerci and not visible. Males of the two taxa could be distinguished by the following combinations of structural characters ( + +N. viridis + +within parentheses): pale inner faces of cerci elliptical (roughly triangular), paraproct at about midpoint of cerci (distal from the midpoint); females: styli on ovipositor almost aligned with the tips of cerci, slightly surpassing (surpassing for almost the length of styli). Body colouration (especially on the head and thorax) is added here in support of the hypothesis for a separate species status of + +N. malokuensium + +( + +N. viridis + +within parentheses): face predominantly blue (green), postfrons with T-shaped marking (lacking), prothorax laterally pale with a wavy cross line (almost entirely dark), mesepimeron pale blue (dark green), posterior edge of metepisternum with no black marking (inverted “C”-shaped marking). + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAC80386EA304C6FC68FD51.xml b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAC80386EA304C6FC68FD51.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..06b46362881 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAC80386EA304C6FC68FD51.xml @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ + + + +A contribution to the Odonata fauna of Moala Island, Fiji. Part I: erection of three new species in genera Nesobasis Selys, 1891 and Nikoulabasis Ferguson et al., 2023 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) + + + +Author + +Marinov, Milen +0000-0003-3284-2555 +Biosecurity Surveillance & Incursion Investigation Plant Health Team, Ministry for Primary Industries, Christchurch, New Zealand +milen.marinov@mpi.govt.nz + + + +Author + +Rashni, Bindiya +University of the South Pacific, Discipline of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, Laucala Campus, Fiji & Wetlands Pasifika, Suva, Fiji + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-21 + + +5637 + + +2 + + +292 +310 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 +1175-5326 +15562484 +CECBF827-D487-4AD4-A792-98CAB71F038F + + + + + + + +Nesobasis delai + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs 2–3 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +♂ +( +NZAC04231103 +), +headwater system, a tributary of Waitabu Lake +, +18.5947S +, +179.8700E +, + +413 m +a.s.l. + +, + +26 October 2020 + +, +DR +leg. + + + + + +Paratype +. + +1♂ +( +USPac_14002 +), +Wailevu Creek under the Savukaratu waterfall above Maloku village +, +18.5903S +, +179.8744E +, + +260 m +a.s.l. + +, + +4 May 2024 + +, +MM +leg + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the fact that both male specimens were collected from higher sections of the water courses on the island; Fijian word + +“ +delai + +” [= hilltop]. The name is a noun in apposition. + + + + + +Description of +holotype + + + +( +Fig. 2 +) + + +Head +( +Fig. 2B–C +). Labium pale—white posteriorly and yellow anteriorly; genae yellow-green around the bases of mandibles continuing to the tips of the latter (except for a brown spot at the level of the border between labrum and anteclypeus) and the anteclypeus; labrum dark yellow with a wide brown bar at the base; remainder of face bluish on almost entire surface of the genae up to base of the scape, going transversely towards each other on the frons along base of postclypeus interrupted by a black bar at middle of frons; postclypeus black; black on remainder of the head down to rear part up to a yellow area close to the posterolateral corners of labium with light areas as follows: yellow anteriorly of the median ocellus, yellow triangular spot on anterior faces of toruli and dorsal corners of scape; pedicel brown, flagella missing; eyes discoloured. + + +Thorax +( +Fig. 2A–B +). Prothorax entirely black with white pruinescence ventrally on middle lobe, posterior lobe raised up. Pterothorax predominantly black on mesothoracic segments with blue as follows: spindle-shaped spot along the mesopleural suture, spot at dorso-posterior end of mesepimeron, ventral 1/3 +rd +of mesinfraepisternum; metathorax predominantly blue with black as follows: inverted “C” at the posterior end of metepisterunum, rim around metathoracic spiracle and tiny spot at the dorso-anterior corner, dorso-posterior corner of metinfraepisternum; faint line along the dorsal corner of mesinfraepisternum. Legs: coxae bicoloured yellow anteriorly with posterior faces black on prolegs and pale blue on the other legs; trochanters yellow; femora yellow anteriorly and black posteriorly; colouration on the tibiae reversed (dark inner and pale outer faces) with small brown spots on the yellow areas at the bases and the tips; tarsi dark yellow becoming darker brown at the tips; mesostigmal plate with stout widely rounded tubercle at the dorso-posterior corner, black with pale on the top of the tubercles. + + +Wings +( +Fig. 2D +). Venation black; pterostigma entirely black in FW, black with pale line along the costal edge at anterior corner; FW: 16 Px, RP +2 +at 6 +th +Px; HW: 14 Px, RP +2 +at 5 +th +Px; arculus at 2 +nd +Ax in FW and slightly distal in HW. + + +Abdomen +( +Fig. 2A +). Black on entire dorsum and most of lateral surfaces of all segments; blue on the ventral half of S1 tergum, posteriorly on S2, spots on S9; dark yellow on ventral edges of tergal segments S3–6; sterna mostly dark—yellow anteriorly and brown posteriorly becoming black towards the end, pruinescence on S8. Cerci ( +Fig. 2E–F +) pincer-like black in colour with ventral expansions pale dorsally and dark ventrally; paraproct dark brown scarcely projecting beyond the posterior edges of S10. Penis ( +Fig. 2G–H +): distal segment T-shaped with sides tapering towards the tip, laterally swollen and arched with a large spine underneath. + +Measurements: AL 37.5, HW 24, HF 2.3, S 0.2, P 0.3, MDBE 1.56. + + + +Variations of +paratype + + + + +The single male +paratype +has been discoloured and the chromatic variations were assessed based on the overall body pattern. +Figure 3 +presents the most significant differences observed on the thorax. Black occupies larger areas along the interpleural suture with the marking on the metepisternum connected to the dark are on the mesepimeron. Dark patches developed in between mid- and hind coxae, ventro-anterior corner of metinfraepisternum and posterior end of metepimeron. The latter present on both sides of the thoracic capsule, however, it may be a postmortem effect with the live individuals probably having the entire segment blue as indicated on the body of the +holotype +. + +Measurements: AL 33, HW 21.5. + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Nesobasis delai + +, holotype: A) habitus; B) head and thorax, dorsal and lateral view; C) head, frontal view; D) HW; E–F) appendages, dorsal and lateral views; G–H) penis, lateral and ventral views. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis + + + +The shape of cerci, measurements of antennal segments and length of legs classify males of + +N. delai + +as a member of the so called + +longistyla + +-group of taxa following the convention given in +Donnelly (1990) +and idiognosis provided in +Donnelly & Marinov (2024: 155) +. Males of + +N. delai + +have a unique combination of characters which reviewed individually would bring them closer to any member of the group (apart of + +N. caerulescens +Donnelly, 1990 + +known by females only). The penis structure (T-shaped distal segment) is typical of + +N. campioni +Tillyard, 1924 + +, + +N. monticola +Donnelly, 1990 + +, and + +N. nedeltshevae +Marinov & Rashni, 2023 + +. The transverse bar of the “T” resembles + +N. nedeltshevae + +most, but the tapering shape of this segment and the large spine underneath is similar to the structure of + +N. monticola + +. However, in + +N. delai + +the segment looks larger and arching in lateral view as opposed to almost flat in + +N. monticola + +. In dorsal view the cerci are very close or almost identical to + +N. caerulecaudata +Donnelly, 1990 + +and + +N. longistyla +Selys, 1891 + +. Males of + +N. delai + +can be distinguished by the ventral inner expansion which occupies ¾ of the length as opposed to extending slightly more than halfway in the other two. General body colouration of + +N. delai + +(predominantly black with blue) is closest to + +N. longistyla + +especially in the abdominal pattern and pruinosity of the thorax and black markings on the metepisternum (e.g. fig. 173A–B in +Donnelly & Marinov 2024: 176 +), but the thorax of + +N. delai + +lacks the black area along the metapleural suture (present in most of + +N. longistyla + +variations) and has a characteristic marking along the interpleural suture (see +Fig. 2B +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAC803E6EA304C6FC32F91E.xml b/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAC803E6EA304C6FC32F91E.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 7358f597e5d..00000000000 --- a/data/03/ED/6E/03ED6E35FFAC803E6EA304C6FC32F91E.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ - - - -A contribution to the Odonata fauna of Moala Island, Fiji. Part I: erection of three new species in genera Nesobasis Selys, 1891 and Nikoulabasis Ferguson et al., 2023 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) - - - -Author - -Marinov, Milen -0000-0003-3284-2555 -milen.marinov@mpi.govt.nz - - - -Author - -Rashni, Bindiya -University of the South Pacific, Discipline of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, Laucala Campus, Fiji & Wetlands Pasifika, Suva, Fiji - -text - - -Zootaxa - - -2025 - -2025-05-21 - - -5637 - - -2 - - -292 -310 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 - -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.4 -1175-5326 -15562484 -CECBF827-D487-4AD4-A792-98CAB71F038F - - - - - - - -Nesobasis delai - -sp. nov. - - - - - - -( -Figs 2–3 -) - - - - - - -Holotype -. - -♂ -( -NZAC04231103 -), headwater system, a tributary of -Waitabu Lake -, -18.5947S -, -179.8700E -, - -413 m -a.s.l. - -, - -26 October 2020 - -, DR leg. - - - - - -Paratype -. - -1♂ -(USPac_14002), -Wailevu Creek -under the -Savukaratu -waterfall above -Maloku village -, -18.5903S -, -179.8744E -, - -260 m -a.s.l. - -, - -4 May 2024 - -, -MM -leg - -. - - - - -Etymology. -The name refers to the fact that both male specimens were collected from higher sections of the water courses on the island; Fijian word - -“ -delai - -” [= hilltop]. The name is a noun in apposition. - - - - - -Description of -holotype - - - -( -Fig. 2 -) - - -Head -( -Fig. 2B–C -). Labium pale—white posteriorly and yellow anteriorly; genae yellow-green around the bases of mandibles continuing to the tips of the latter (except for a brown spot at the level of the border between labrum and anteclypeus) and the anteclypeus; labrum dark yellow with a wide brown bar at the base; remainder of face bluish on almost entire surface of the genae up to base of the scape, going transversely towards each other on the frons along base of postclypeus interrupted by a black bar at middle of frons; postclypeus black; black on remainder of the head down to rear part up to a yellow area close to the posterolateral corners of labium with light areas as follows: yellow anteriorly of the median ocellus, yellow triangular spot on anterior faces of toruli and dorsal corners of scape; pedicel brown, flagella missing; eyes discoloured. - - -Thorax -( -Fig. 2A–B -). Prothorax entirely black with white pruinescence ventrally on middle lobe, posterior lobe raised up. Pterothorax predominantly black on mesothoracic segments with blue as follows: spindle-shaped spot along the mesopleural suture, spot at dorso-posterior end of mesepimeron, ventral 1/3 -rd -of mesinfraepisternum; metathorax predominantly blue with black as follows: inverted “C” at the posterior end of metepisterunum, rim around metathoracic spiracle and tiny spot at the dorso-anterior corner, dorso-posterior corner of metinfraepisternum; faint line along the dorsal corner of mesinfraepisternum. Legs: coxae bicoloured yellow anteriorly with posterior faces black on prolegs and pale blue on the other legs; trochanters yellow; femora yellow anteriorly and black posteriorly; colouration on the tibiae reversed (dark inner and pale outer faces) with small brown spots on the yellow areas at the bases and the tips; tarsi dark yellow becoming darker brown at the tips; mesostigmal plate with stout widely rounded tubercle at the dorso-posterior corner, black with pale on the top of the tubercles. - - -Wings -( -Fig. 2D -). Venation black; pterostigma entirely black in FW, black with pale line along the costal edge at anterior corner; FW: 16 Px, RP -2 -at 6 -th -Px; HW: 14 Px, RP -2 -at 5 -th -Px; arculus at 2 -nd -Ax in FW and slightly distal in HW. - - -Abdomen -( -Fig. 2A -). Black on entire dorsum and most of lateral surfaces of all segments; blue on the ventral half of S1 tergum, posteriorly on S2, spots on S9; dark yellow on ventral edges of tergal segments S3–6; sterna mostly dark—yellow anteriorly and brown posteriorly becoming black towards the end, pruinescence on S8. Cerci ( -Fig. 2E–F -) pincer-like black in colour with ventral expansions pale dorsally and dark ventrally; paraproct dark brown scarcely projecting beyond the posterior edges of S10. Penis ( -Fig. 2G–H -): distal segment T-shaped with sides tapering towards the tip, laterally swollen and arched with a large spine underneath. - -Measurements: AL 37.5, HW 24, HF 2.3, S 0.2, P 0.3, MDBE 1.56. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/08/06/18/080618AA78785458ACD7F25C0865F86A.xml b/data/08/06/18/080618AA78785458ACD7F25C0865F86A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..abb6a86e894 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/08/06/18/080618AA78785458ACD7F25C0865F86A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ + + + +Illustrated catalogue of Pericopina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in the Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology + + + +Author + +Moraes, Simeão de Souza +0000-0001-9567-0944 +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Freitas, André Victor Lucci +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Silva-Brandão, Karina Lucas +0000-0002-6423-424X +Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics + + +2025 + +2025-06-03 + + +9 + + +1 + + +123 +134 + + + +journal article +310198 +10.3897/evolsyst.9.150930 +b3f27b6d-9020-4cee-9f4b-674620b78e3f +04EA2B76-CFE2-43B3-A3AE-7D4FB987D781 + + + + + +Dysschema picta +(Guérin-Méneville, 1844) + + + + + +Fig. 1 R + + + + +Remarks. + + +A sexually dimorphic species. Males show less variable wing pattern, similar to glass wing butterflies, while females have wing polychromatism and show a black yellow and orange tiger pattern. Immatures were reared by +Spitz (1931) +in + +Mikania hirsutissima + +and + +Senecio brasiliensis + +, and by Travassos Filho (1947) in + +Vernonia polyanthes + +(all +Asteraceae +). Travassos Filho (1947) made the association between males and females, and documented the polychromatism presented by females, resulting in the establishment of synonyms. + + + + +Material examined. + + +1 male +, +Brazil +, +Santa Catarina +, Hansa?; +1 male +, +Santa Catarina +, New Bremen [ +Seara +municipality]; +1 male +, no locality. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/09/26/F1/0926F1C064DE5A2182FC4F7E883DCF13.xml b/data/09/26/F1/0926F1C064DE5A2182FC4F7E883DCF13.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4d976420ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/09/26/F1/0926F1C064DE5A2182FC4F7E883DCF13.xml @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ + + + +Illustrated catalogue of Pericopina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in the Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology + + + +Author + +Moraes, Simeão de Souza +0000-0001-9567-0944 +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Freitas, André Victor Lucci +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Silva-Brandão, Karina Lucas +0000-0002-6423-424X +Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics + + +2025 + +2025-06-03 + + +9 + + +1 + + +123 +134 + + + +journal article +310198 +10.3897/evolsyst.9.150930 +b3f27b6d-9020-4cee-9f4b-674620b78e3f +04EA2B76-CFE2-43B3-A3AE-7D4FB987D781 + + + + + +Dysschema terminata +(Guérin-Méneville, 1844) + + + + + +Fig. 2 D + + + + +Remarks. + + +Males and females are sexually dimorphic for wing patterns. Collections carried out at Boracéia Biological Station (Salesópoplis, SP, +Brazil +) allowed the pairing of sexes ( +Moraes et al. 2017 +). Additionally, handwritten notes by an unknown author were found at the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, highlighting the possibility that + +D. terminata + +was the female form of + +D. fantasma + +. Despite the sexual dimorphism, common characters present in both sexes corroborate the hypothesis that the distinct forms are the same species, such as the red macules on the costal margin and on the tornus region, and tufts of red scales on the terminal portion of the abdomen ( +Moraes et al. 2017 +). + + +Males of + +D. terminata + +have wing pattern similar to that of + +D. subapicalis + +, differing from the last by the reduced “V” shaped semi hyaline region on the forewings, by the hindwing with a yellow discal region and veins outlined with dark brown scales, and an abdomen with two yellow bands ventrally. Males are also polychromatic on the hindwings, recorded by a series of specimens collected at the Boracéia Biological Station, in Salesópólis, showing the red submarginal band quite evident or gradually reduced until its complete absence. + + + + +Material examined. + + +3 males +, +Brazil +, +Santa Catarina +, Hansa?; +1 male +, +Brazil +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE65102BE23FA25FEA5FF37.xml b/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE65102B921FA25FEA5FF37.xml similarity index 50% rename from data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE65102BE23FA25FEA5FF37.xml rename to data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE65102B921FA25FEA5FF37.xml index 2309f59a975..4eb444dabda 100644 --- a/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE65102BE23FA25FEA5FF37.xml +++ b/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE65102B921FA25FEA5FF37.xml @@ -1,49 +1,51 @@ - - - -Floristic diversity at Kolomela mine on the Ghaap Plateau, Postmasburg, Northern Cape Province + + + +Floristic diversity at Kolomela mine on the Ghaap Plateau, Postmasburg, Northern Cape Province - - -Author + + +Author -Zietsman, P. C. -Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za & Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa Corresponding author -ziets@nasmus.co.za +Zietsman, P. C. +Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za & Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa Corresponding author +ziets@nasmus.co.za - - -Author + + +Author -Zietsman, L. E. -Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za -ziets@nasmus.co.za +Zietsman, L. E. +Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za +ziets@nasmus.co.za -text - - -Indago +text + + +Indago - -2019 - -2019-12-31 + +2019 + +2019-12-31 - -35 + +35 - -1 -33 + +1 +33 -journal article -10.5281/zenodo.15566265 -0067-9208 -15566265 +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.15566265 +0067-9208 +15566265 - + + +The habitat of Lithops aucampiae @@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ subsp. aucampiae + ( diff --git a/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE6510CB921FAC5FB8FFA74.xml b/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE6510CB921FAC5FB8FFA74.xml deleted file mode 100644 index bafd3ef9a34..00000000000 --- a/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE6510CB921FAC5FB8FFA74.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ - - - -Floristic diversity at Kolomela mine on the Ghaap Plateau, Postmasburg, Northern Cape Province - - - -Author - -Zietsman, P. C. -Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za & Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa Corresponding author -ziets@nasmus.co.za - - - -Author - -Zietsman, L. E. -Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za -ziets@nasmus.co.za - -text - - -Indago - - -2019 - -2019-12-31 - - -35 - - -1 -33 - - - -journal article -10.5281/zenodo.15566265 -0067-9208 -15566265 - - - - -Euphorbia wilmaniae - - - - -( -Figs 9a & b -), - - - -an endemic to the Ghaap Plateau, observed at Kolomela occurs on the calcrete banks at Ploegfontein adjacent to the Groenwaterspruit. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE6510CB921FB45FB8FFA74.xml b/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE6510CB921FB45FB8FFA74.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..766c28dec09 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/4A/73/39/4A733945FFE6510CB921FB45FB8FFA74.xml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + + + +Floristic diversity at Kolomela mine on the Ghaap Plateau, Postmasburg, Northern Cape Province + + + +Author + +Zietsman, P. C. +Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za & Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa Corresponding author +ziets@nasmus.co.za + + + +Author + +Zietsman, L. E. +Department of Botany, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa E-mail: ziets @ nasmus. co. za +ziets@nasmus.co.za + +text + + +Indago + + +2019 + +2019-12-31 + + +35 + + +1 +33 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.15566265 +0067-9208 +15566265 + + + +A number of scarce and protected species were observed and collected on the calcrete bank at Ploegfontein and along the bank of the Groenwaterspruit west of the Witsand Road. The only population of + + +Euphorbia wilmaniae + + + + + +( +Figs 9a & b +), + + + +an endemic to the Ghaap Plateau, observed at Kolomela occurs on the calcrete banks at Ploegfontein adjacent to the Groenwaterspruit. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7E/13/83/7E1383DD8CDD507AA0B447536797F84B.xml b/data/7E/13/83/7E1383DD8CDD507AA0B447536797F84B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fee1cd224c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7E/13/83/7E1383DD8CDD507AA0B447536797F84B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,350 @@ + + + +Illustrated catalogue of Pericopina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in the Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology + + + +Author + +Moraes, Simeão de Souza +0000-0001-9567-0944 +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Freitas, André Victor Lucci +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Silva-Brandão, Karina Lucas +0000-0002-6423-424X +Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics + + +2025 + +2025-06-03 + + +9 + + +1 + + +123 +134 + + + +journal article +310198 +10.3897/evolsyst.9.150930 +b3f27b6d-9020-4cee-9f4b-674620b78e3f +04EA2B76-CFE2-43B3-A3AE-7D4FB987D781 + + + + + +Dysschema sacrifica +(Hübner, [1831]) + + + + + +Figs 2 A male, 2 B female + + + + +Remarks. + + +Sexually dimorphic species, relatively common in collections. The species is widespread in South America, mainly in areas of the Cerrado and in open environments of the Atlantic Forest of +Brazil +, but with extension in Eastern +Bolivia +, +Uruguay +, +Paraguay +and in the north-centre of +Argentina +( +Chialchia 2009 +). There is little variation between males and females and both sexes may show a white spot on the forewing in the posterior region of the discal cell. Some males may have the white spots on the submarginal band of the hindwings reduced or absent. Females may show more evident yellow marks on the submarginal band, expanded towards the basal region of the wing. + + + + + + +Habitus of pericopine moths, dorsal view. +A. + +Dysschema sacrifica + +(Hu ̈ bner, [1831]), male ( +ZMH +0840050); +B. + +Dysschema sacrifica + +(Hu ̈ bner, [1831]), female ( +ZMH +0840050); +C. + +Dysschema subapicalis +(Walker, 1854) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840052); +D. + +Dysschema terminata + +(Gue ́ rin-Me ́ neville, 1844), male ( +ZMH +0840042); +E. + +Dysschema thetis +(Klug, 1836) + +, male ( +ZMH +0896500); +F. + +Dysschema tricolora +(Sulzer, 1776) + +, female ( +ZMH +0840041); +G. + +Gnophaela vermiculata +(Grote [1864]) + +( +ZMH +0840366); +H. + +Hyalurga fenestra +(Linnaeus, 1758) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840057); +I. + +Hyalurga fenestrata +(Walker, 1855) + +, female ( +ZMH +0861006); +J. + +Hyalurga sora +(Boisduval, 1870) + +, male ( +ZMH +- 0840363); +K. + +Hypocrita fenestraria +(Fabricius, 1775) + +( +ZMH +0840362); +L. + +Eucyane dejanira +(Druce, 1895) + +( +ZMH +0840360); +M. + +Hypocrita plagifera +(C. Felder and R. Felder, 1862) + +( +ZMH +0840361); +N. + +Isostola divisa +(Walker, 1854) + +( +ZMH +0840364); +O. + +Phaloe cruenta +(Hübner, 1823) + +( +ZMH +0840053); +P. + +Phaloesia saucia +Walker, 1854 + +( +ZMH +0840365); +Q. + +Notophyson tiresias +(Cramer, 1776) + +, female ( +ZMH +0840056); +R. + +Sthenognatha gentilis +(C. Felder and R. Felder, 1874) + +( +ZMH +0896537). + + + +Several studies recorded the association of immatures with host plants ( +Bourquin 1931 +; +Biezanko et al. 1974 +; +Chialchia 2009 +), revealing a highly polyphagous species, with records in Amarantaceae (e. g. + +Amaranthus flavus + +, + +Amaranthus hybridus + +), +Asteraceae +(e. g. + +Artemisia absinthium + +, + +Chromolaena odorata + +, + +Eupatorium conyzoides + +, + +Eupatorium inlifolium +, +Helian agnus + +, + +Lactuca sativa + +, + +Senecio brasiliensis + +, + +Vernonia polyanthes + +), +Myrtaceae +(e. g. + +Eucalyptus +sp. + +), +Nyctaginaceae +(e. g. +Pisonea zapallo +) and +Urticaceae +(e. g. + +Boehmeria caudata + +). + +Dysschema sacrifica + +was introduced in +South Africa +as a biological control of the invasive weed + +Chromolaena odorata + +( +Asteraceae +) ( +Kluge and Caldwell 1993 +). + + + + +Material examined. + + +1 female +, South America; +1 male +, +Brazil +, +Santa Catarina +; +2 females +, +Brazil +, +Santa Catarina +; +1 male +, +Brazil +, +Santa Catarina +, New Bremen [ +Seara +]. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8C/BA/E7/8CBAE79AFD435D899DBE3601A9EF419F.xml b/data/8C/BA/E7/8CBAE79AFD435D899DBE3601A9EF419F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..676a7a52503 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8C/BA/E7/8CBAE79AFD435D899DBE3601A9EF419F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ + + + +Illustrated catalogue of Pericopina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in the Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology + + + +Author + +Moraes, Simeão de Souza +0000-0001-9567-0944 +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Freitas, André Victor Lucci +Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + + + +Author + +Silva-Brandão, Karina Lucas +0000-0002-6423-424X +Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083 - 862, Brazil + +text + + +Evolutionary Systematics + + +2025 + +2025-06-03 + + +9 + + +1 + + +123 +134 + + + +journal article +310198 +10.3897/evolsyst.9.150930 +b3f27b6d-9020-4cee-9f4b-674620b78e3f +04EA2B76-CFE2-43B3-A3AE-7D4FB987D781 + + + + + +Calodesma maculifrons +(Walker, 1865) + + + + + +Fig. 1 A + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Calodesma maculifrons + +has highly distinctive wing patterns in comparison to other species within the same genus, but lacks sexual dimorphism. Its forewing pattern has an orange background pattern, a yellow post-discal cell maculae, and a submarginal band consisting of parallel yellow stripes on a black background; the hindwing has orange background, the costal and the outer margin black, and parallel yellow stripes on the outer margin. Moths from other families share the same wing patterns, for instance + +Mapeta xanthomela + +( +Pyralidae +), + +Pseudatteria volcania + +( +Tortricidae +), + +Pseudomennis bipennis + +( +Geometridae +), + +Pyromorpha radialis + +( +Zygaenidae +) + +Phostria lithosialis + +( +Crambidae +) + +Oricia homalochroa + +( +Notodontidae +), and some butterflies in the genus + +Mesene + +from Central America (e. g. + +Mesene margaretta + +) ( +Riodinidae +), suggesting a mimicry ring. Some specimens may show polychromatism with fore and hindwings entirely black and yellow parallel stripes on the outer margin. + + + + + + +Habitus of pericopine moths, dorsal view. +A. + +Calodesma maculifrons +(Walker, 1865) + +( +ZMH +0840354); +B. + +Chetone isse +(Hübner, [1831]) + +( +ZMH +0840038); +C. + +Chetone kenara +(Butler, 1871) + +( +ZMH +0840367); +D. + +Netoche histrio +(C. Felder & Felder, 1874) + +( +ZMH +0840040); +E. + +Chetone phaeba +Boisduval, 1879 + +( +ZMH +0840368); +F. + +Composia credula +(Fabricius, 1775) + +( +ZMH +0840355); +G. + +Dysschema amphissa +(Geyer, 1832) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840048); +H. + +Dysschema amphissa +(Geyer, 1832) + +, female ( +ZMH +0840049); +I. + +Dysschema boisduvalii +(Hoeven, 1840) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840352); +J. + +Dysschema boisduvalii +(Hoeven, 1840) + +, female ( +ZMH +0840353); +K. + +Dysschema centenaria +(Burmeister, 1878) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840356); +L. + +Dysschema centenaria +(Burmeister, 1878) + +, female ( +ZMH +0840357); +M. + +Dysschema hilara +(Weymer, 1895) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840043); +N. + +Dysschema leucophaea +(Walker, 1854) + +, female ( +ZMH +0840359); +O. + +Dysschema lycaste +(Klug, 1836) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840045); +P. + +Dysschema marginalis +(Walker, 1855) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840046); +Q. + +Dysschema neda +(Klug, 1836) + +, male ( +ZMH +0840047); +R. + +Dysschema picta + +(Gue ́ rin-Me ́ neville, 1844), male ( +ZMH +0840044). + + + + + +Material examined. + + +1 male +, +Guatemala +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file