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@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ s (1989) paper on various African lacertids where fig. 12 showed a
muralis
</emphasis>
curling its tail in a less extreme manner. Remarkably enough, all the animals we spotted, were at the base of the tufts of grass (
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA410FFD7F8491B5BFC34C460" box="[266,338,830,856]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="0.[815,885,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[815,1417,1135,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-405@0.[815,1421,1135,1965]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Figure 2. The habitat with clumps of Halfa grass near Wadi Natrun." pageId="3" pageNumber="32">fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA410FFD7F8491B5BFC34C460" box="[266,338,830,856]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="0.[815,885,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[815,1417,1135,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-405@0.[815,1421,1135,1965]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Figure 2. The habitat with clumps of Halfa grass near Wadi Natrun." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585905/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">fig. 2</figureCitation>
), not ín it as you would expect from this behavioural pattern and their general morphology. Further, on a flat surface (=quarantine vivarium), they performed a peculiar walk: it looks as if they put their heels first on the surface, then the foot sole and toes follow and with the legs held widely apart (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FEF8A410FFD7FB9B1C6DFC21C37C" author="ARNOLD, E. N." pageId="3" pageNumber="32" pagination="63 - 89" refId="ref6009" refString="ARNOLD, E. N., 1998. Structural niche, limb morphology, and locomotion in lacertid lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae). Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.) 64: 63-89." type="journal article" year="1998">ARNOLD, 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ It is common for lacertids in my vivaria to jump up to the gauze top covering an
<emphasis id="B94C5F1BA410FFD7FDA11D85F8E0C2C2" box="[1250,1414,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Philochortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seemed to prefer to have their back up and their belly towards the floor (
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA410FFD7FDEE1E46F996C106" box="[1197,1264,1571,1598]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="4.[176,246,806,828]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,162,784]" captionTargetId="figure-579@4.[176,1415,162,784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 7. How Philochortus zolii walks along the with mosquito gauze covered top of the vivarium, with its back upward." pageId="3" pageNumber="32">fig. 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA410FFD7FDEE1E46F996C106" box="[1197,1264,1571,1598]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="4.[176,246,806,828]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,162,784]" captionTargetId="figure-579@4.[176,1415,162,784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 7. How Philochortus zolii walks along the with mosquito gauze covered top of the vivarium, with its back upward." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585917/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">fig. 7</figureCitation>
). They can even run quickly without any awkward movements that way, potentially because their long legs easily spread out (see Discussion and photos). Additionally, they showed a peculiar kind of walk in 'normal' locomotion, with their heels touching the substrate first and with a rolling movement the rest of the foot is put down. The whole gait appeared rather spread out, which certainly seems fitting when moving in the grass.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878309A410FFD0FA761FC3FCF1C39D" blockId="3.[821,1414,1958,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[171,773,892,1189]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
@ -135,14 +139,14 @@ I observed for the first time three 2-3” long bites in the tail of another spe
<date id="FF86A5C9A417FFD0FB2E1C66FFA2C325" box="[621,708,1027,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" value="2009-01">2009 I</date>
saw two very 'emaciated' specimens with flattened bellies, presumably females and consequently searched the whole terrarium but did not find any eggs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF47D381A410FFD7F9ED1FBCFFA5C0D6" box="[174,707,2008,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" startId="3.[174,244,2009,2031]" targetBox="[174,779,1533,1987]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<caption id="DF47D381A410FFD7F9ED1FBCFFA5C0D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15585915" box="[174,707,2008,2031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585915/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" startId="3.[174,244,2009,2031]" targetBox="[174,779,1533,1987]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B878309A410FFD7F9ED1FBCFFA5C0D6" blockId="3.[174,707,2008,2031]" box="[174,707,2008,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
Figure 6. Head portrait of adult
<taxonomicName id="4C38F88AA410FFD7FB401FBCFFD9C0D6" authorityName="Scortecci" authorityYear="1934" box="[515,703,2009,2030]" class="Squamata" family="Lacertidae" genus="Philochortus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zolii">Philochortus zolii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<caption id="DF47D381A417FFD0F9F31B43FC6EC46F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15585917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585917/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" startId="4.[176,246,806,828]" targetBox="[176,1415,162,784]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B878309A417FFD0F9F31B43FC6EC46F" blockId="4.[176,1379,806,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
Figure 7. How
<taxonomicName id="4C38F88AA417FFD0F8131B43FF6EC403" authorityName="Scortecci" authorityYear="1934" box="[336,520,806,827]" class="Squamata" family="Lacertidae" genus="Philochortus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zolii">
@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ walks along the with mosquito gauze covered top of the vivarium, with its back u
Early morning
<date id="FF86A5C9A417FFD0F82E1CD9FF44C3EE" box="[365,546,1212,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-10">July 10, 2009</date>
I noticed a small hole in the vivarium substrate very near a piece of bark, which next appeared to be closed by early afternoon and during the night. One of the smaller specimens was responsible for this first hole. The closing occurred from the inside by pushing substrate outside with the tip of the snout and the front legs. A larger specimen seemed to have taken up residence under a large stone. There the potential opening and closing was hard to observe because the vivarium is in the corner of the room near the window. In the field I did not see this opening and closing, but when chased did see them using these initially inconspicuous burrows as an escape route (
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA417FFD0FB6E1ED3FF09C1E8" box="[557,623,1718,1744]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="4.[809,879,1962,1984]" captionTargetBox="[808,1416,1552,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-537@4.[808,1418,1552,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 8. Holes in the desert soil dug by Philochortus zolii." pageId="4" pageNumber="33">fig. 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA417FFD0FB6E1ED3FF09C1E8" box="[557,623,1718,1744]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="4.[809,879,1962,1984]" captionTargetBox="[808,1416,1552,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-537@4.[808,1418,1552,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 8. Holes in the desert soil dug by Philochortus zolii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878309A417FFD0F9E81E9CF9B8C2EB" blockId="4.[171,773,1785,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[817,1414,891,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
@ -170,7 +174,7 @@ really often actively hunted for food. In contrast to many lacertids, they seeme
showed themselves even more rarely and I switched off the light sometimes for several days as in their natural habitat temperatures may then fall well below 10°C and some kind of hibernation could be likely. In that period most lizards remained hidden, although on close observation one or two were spotted among the dried grass tussocks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878309A417FFD1FA721D8EFC66C6A8" blockId="4.[817,1413,1515,1541]" lastBlockId="5.[171,773,171,400]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Even after having kept them for several years, none of the specimens had an even slightly swollen tail-base, often seen in male lizards, and none of the femoral pores exuded the waxy rods so characteristic of reproductive males. Only in one or two, the largest lizards, the diameter of the femoral pores grew a bit larger.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF47D381A417FFD0FA6A1FCFFE3DC0E3" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" startId="4.[809,879,1962,1984]" targetBox="[808,1416,1552,1940]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<caption id="DF47D381A417FFD0FA6A1FCFFE3DC0E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15585919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" startId="4.[809,879,1962,1984]" targetBox="[808,1416,1552,1940]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B878309A417FFD0FA6A1FCFFE3DC0E3" blockId="4.[809,1385,1962,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
Figure 8. Holes in the desert soil dug by
<taxonomicName id="4C38F88AA417FFD0FDA11FCFFE31C0E3" authorityName="Scortecci" authorityYear="1934" class="Squamata" family="Lacertidae" genus="Philochortus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zolii">Philochortus zolii</taxonomicName>
@ -197,7 +201,7 @@ under natural circumstances.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878309A416FFD1F9E81C7FFC73C2D2" blockId="5.[171,774,1050,1514]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Apart from the obvious disastrous human influence (
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA416FFD1F85F1C5EFC3BC36E" box="[284,349,1083,1110]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="2.[813,883,572,594]" captionTargetBox="[812,1414,162,549]" captionTargetId="figure-840@2.[812,1418,162,549]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 5. Wadi Natrun is definitely not an undisturbed area." pageId="5" pageNumber="34">fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA416FFD1F85F1C5EFC3BC36E" box="[284,349,1083,1110]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="2.[813,883,572,594]" captionTargetBox="[812,1414,162,549]" captionTargetId="figure-840@2.[812,1418,162,549]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 5. Wadi Natrun is definitely not an undisturbed area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585911/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">fig. 5</figureCitation>
), it is to be feared that the many botched attempts at agriculture in Wadi Natrun will seriously hamper the survival of the only known Egyptian population of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F88AA416FFD1FBE51CC4FF9BC382" authorityName="Scortecci" authorityYear="1934" box="[678,765,1184,1210]" class="Squamata" family="Lacertidae" genus="Philochortus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zolii">
<emphasis id="B94C5F1BA416FFD1FBE51CC4FF9BC382" box="[678,765,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">P. zolii</emphasis>
@ -208,7 +212,7 @@ Apart from the obvious disastrous human influence (
<emphasis id="B94C5F1BA416FFD1F9E81D60FC60C227" box="[171,262,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">diadema</emphasis>
</emphasis>
found in the area, that is especially fond of lizards. I am, however, unsure if the snake captures them in their burrows (
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA416FFD1FBED1D2CFF95C25B" box="[686,755,1353,1379]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="4.[809,879,1962,1984]" captionTargetBox="[808,1416,1552,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-537@4.[808,1418,1552,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 8. Holes in the desert soil dug by Philochortus zolii." pageId="5" pageNumber="34">fig. 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13039F8CA416FFD1FBED1D2CFF95C25B" box="[686,755,1353,1379]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="4.[809,879,1962,1984]" captionTargetBox="[808,1416,1552,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-537@4.[808,1418,1552,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 8. Holes in the desert soil dug by Philochortus zolii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15585919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">fig. 8</figureCitation>
), or out in the open during dawn and dusk. From my own experience
<taxonomicName id="4C38F88AA416FFD1F8891DE8FF01C29E" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[458,615,1420,1447]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Spalerosophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">
<emphasis id="B94C5F1BA416FFD1F8891DE8FF01C29E" box="[458,615,1420,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">S. diadema</emphasis>