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+<mods:title id="39F4F6E90F42329DBC4F9512BD1816C9">Morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses reveal three new branched species of Clavaria (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) from China</mods:title>
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+<mods:namePart id="7DDB8A5289624B334457DFFFC8BD9B26">Yan, Jun</mods:namePart>
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+<mods:namePart id="3FB5D650745A6076783AECF0A7352C4A">Xiong, Li</mods:namePart>
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+<mods:affiliation id="C2C0B9954B35FE8BE1604269870689D6">Hunan Provincial Demonstration Center of Forestry Seeding Breeding, Changsha 410329, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:affiliation id="912EAD3DEB275D1D6CDB5F1AA7E21559">Bureau of Forestry, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua 418500, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:namePart id="09B95490BA78D4C2C1E826534AFBEE82">He, Zheng-Mi</mods:namePart>
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+<mods:namePart id="ACBD1FB9D6F46A00F61F20DF22750CF1">Zhang, Ping</mods:namePart>
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+<mods:date id="DA020EAAA6E74EBDDBD4DAA10C9A2168">2025</mods:date>
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+<mods:number id="637A2FC2CAA718ED869069905029D3DA">115</mods:number>
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+<mods:identifier id="56356A442F462AF8679501CEC5FD4752" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="03C72319818355D98A847886304EEAF3" ID-arpha="03C72319-8183-55D9-8A84-7886304EEAF3" ID-mycobank="857601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C72319818355D98A847886304EEAF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C72319818355D98A847886304EEAF3">
+<subSubSection id="A19D1DA2D9196158ED1E81062BE6A7F2" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="785B03C04FEFDB774138CF9933126BC2">
+<taxonomicName id="6BE4F339E585A9BA11F55EDB84B4F657" authority="P. Zhang & Ju. Yan" authorityName="P. Zhang & Ju. Yan" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="orientalis" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="02395B4F9DEAFCFE48AC72A347290B41" italics="true">Clavaria orientalis</emphasis>
+P. Zhang & Ju. Yan
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="EF61D4F0E979DA4EE61F27C104C8A7DF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="BA7DA93CAFC5761936FAF2C7D16A8304" type="description">
+<paragraph id="F513EF5C7F8CF5CF1E478EB7EBF408B6">
+<figureCitation id="E0B189CC3FE462D4BAA53EF61F47BC1C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Basidiomata of Clavaria orientalis a MHHNU 7767 b MHHNU 32116. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278626">Figs 4</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="FF3A96401958FB6285213BC85B43AAD6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Microscopic features of Clavaria orientalis (MHHNU 7767) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278627">5</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EWJCI" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="8121D73C40D392FB175C49E3139C083E">
+<heading id="B0306864162A1FB9709FBEB318DE3306" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="9763787629381B412141D70AE0C78FE4">
+<taxonomicName id="33AEBB21CBF3384A46356C6C4E69BDDF" authority="(Latin)" baseAuthorityName="Latin" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="orientalis">
+<emphasis id="87E0F69993F004CA82EA0C13FDB78244" italics="true">orientalis</emphasis>
+(Latin)
+</taxonomicName>
+, meaning eastern, refers to the occurrence of the species in
+<collectingCountry id="08C312389DE1F697D57A52EA78D0EDED" name="China">East Asia</collectingCountry>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EGKCI" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="55AA488BCB164DE669B4530A00310345">
+<heading id="E8C8B9339FFA2B8D543EBA5629D6A116" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="6DE32AFAC01C438A5A6DA5C6DAB04AFB" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="1271D00E9CB198CDFF482AADED5FD872">
+<materialsCitation id="79E29487E6C78E7262E0510E0630AAD8" collectingDate="2012-09-11" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="P. Zhang" country="China" county="Shimen County" elevation="1828" latitude="30.049583" location="Hupingshan Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.52359" specimenCode="MHHNU 7767" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="FD755C5D4AE6ED62AC2C0F63D002AA81" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="AFD6A473AF4434E3E0FDA6C3B7C9D3A7" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="1B1936CED307379D5240269926B63739">Shimen County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="3C3257C7E5CC77E0CC14D3F86BCC03A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C72319818355D98A847886304EEAF3:3C3257C7E5CC77E0CC14D3F86BCC03A0" country="China" county="Shimen County" latitude="30.049583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.52359" name="Hupingshan Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Hunan">Hupingshan Nature Reserve</location>
+, alt.
+<quantity id="9F4314661BB60782D1903AAD2B7183CC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.828" unit="m" value="1828.0">
+<elevation id="EF345EB4C6195C54F463B24A78CF5C8B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.828" unit="m" value="1828.0">1828 m</elevation>
+</quantity>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPKCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[110.523583,30.049583]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="564F4C4D4D724328AD0BB17A1EBD1417" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.50" value="30.049583">30 ° 02 ' 58.50 " N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="0ED22F51ED9AA5557B060C6C1B3EAD98" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.90" value="110.52359">110 ° 31 ' 24.90 " E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="4D0780EBB23EB34E25BEFD65280E73CE" value="2012-09-11">
+<collectingDate id="1D33E9BC5A4040CE7CD92FFE4E64D2EB" value="2012-09-11">11 September 2012</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<collectorName id="AF83D4E169F3B761581F7D0E8B122A41">P. Zhang</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="B98380C20C696C64A803B88403A60A6B" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 7767</specimenCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EUKCI" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="01E54BDF734FA9193DEC62D12B594340">
+<heading id="393EE58822478D73591868EE92D46037" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="18332F10095D26A2799BB9F28A970029">
+Differs from
+<taxonomicName id="92CFF71C1CA9CE379F28FB2C0B5182E7" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
+<emphasis id="DB2E2812EE7B3F097598A4AD2FC0FAAC" italics="true">Clavaria zollingeri</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in its stout branches, lesser degree of branching, and shorter basidia.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EFLCI" type="description">
+<paragraph id="B6869B7AFD9E5E242ED1F236FB85F918">
+<heading id="55875F1D286BEE4FB1CE30F923C6735F" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="72E56757BD1CF4B4F23577337B0FA004">
+Basidiomata (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="6AF4B69AB97C56B81EF6B01BBB985DB6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Basidiomata of Clavaria orientalis a MHHNU 7767 b MHHNU 32116. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278626">4 a, b</figureCitation>
+) branched, brittle, gregarious to caespitose clusters; clusters
+<quantity id="56D081211C75F39C08FB1D67D2B69E3C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50–80 mm</quantity>
+high,
+<quantity id="0F7E7B1A6C56FEBD7D9EA069D88EA407" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 mm</quantity>
+broad; branches terete,
+<quantity id="2B0CC1773FBC35E8CD8A7CB97BAA7A88" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
+wide, 1–4 times, dichotomous; branch tips obtuse, broadly rounded, or narrowly rounded. Fertile part coralloid, smooth, obviously curved or slightly twisted, deep amethyst [15 A 4-7, 15 B 4-6, 16 A 4-6; Amparo Purple, Lobelia Violet, Vinaceous Purple] to lilac [14 A 2-3, 15 A 2-3; Pale Vinaceous Purple, Pale Lobelia Violet], and changing to pale greyish purple [16 A 2, 17 A 2; Lavender Gray, Pale Payne’s Gray, Pale Verbena Violet] with age. Apex concolorous with lower part, becoming yellowish or tawny with age. Stipe distinct, sterile, smooth, often terete, semi-translucent, hygrophanous, and darker than the fertile part, sometimes flattened and pallid. Flesh concolorous or slightly paler than surface of basidiomata.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="70DF8A40E25CA99B0947A6EC6732E147" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure4" ID-arpha="171B2F58-D36F-573D-BFE1-B7E43A64D1F0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278626" startId="F4">
+<paragraph id="53ECD997C3426D9FE8B5D24AA2AD01F8">
+<label id="C0DF911386E4FD0EF38E73E3479262AF">Figure 4.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="104799059116CA6C9A99723293EC2E9F">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="8165AD2C03A7386D213D890DBD103D3A" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="orientalis">
+<emphasis id="6CB02E52AA12A346A3E655D90D5BDF5D" italics="true">Clavaria orientalis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="62A158BE7851A7B14E440F5E8BA26E3D" bold="true">a</emphasis>
+MHHNU 7767
+<emphasis id="2141309F282682B7A7C08D478D9B48E8" bold="true">b</emphasis>
+MHHNU 32116. Scale bars: 2 cm.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="6779B1241E850560FA38A190E78F0C9E">
+Basidiospores (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="C907C813536A668AE375D8C5AA917CFB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Microscopic features of Clavaria orientalis (MHHNU 7767) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278627">5 a</figureCitation>
+) [100 / 5 / 5] (4.8) 5.0–6.0 × 4.0–5.0 (5.5) μm [Q = (1.09) 1.13–1.38 (1.43), Q = 1.21 ± 0.11], mostly broadly ellipsoid, sometimes ellipsoid or subglobose, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin-walled; hilar appendage present (<2.0 μm in length). Basidia (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="389117AFAE750C2CBF5E95CF31BA4E92" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Microscopic features of Clavaria orientalis (MHHNU 7767) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278627">5 b</figureCitation>
+) 34–48 × 5.0–8.0 μm, clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline, thin-walled; sterigmata below 5.0 μm long. Incrustations or crystals absent. Hyphae of the context parallel, thin-walled, hyaline, cylindrical to inflated, secondarily septated. Clamp connections absent in all parts of basidiomata.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="F3D1470E7C92B3863594181C4BE25179" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure5" ID-arpha="2EF94FAB-711F-5ADF-887D-8C9A1E229B4C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278627" startId="F5">
+<paragraph id="A402842CA0C44FC4DCFE2D57716ECD67">
+<label id="757E01692816837E2260F67485BEAE2E">Figure 5.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="1AC11BF191F74F852723BF97857A23C8">
+Microscopic features of
+<taxonomicName id="90394AFA95C66911BBE7F9A032C9E24D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="orientalis">
+<emphasis id="BD478D219379B52CD7EA06EC9DE01F21" italics="true">Clavaria orientalis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(MHHNU 7767)
+<emphasis id="B5D500BE08F87FC5EF3793101C83092D" bold="true">a</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="A484BE569626D22F5BE6AB0B811536A2" bold="true">b</emphasis>
+basidia.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ERNCI" type="habitat">
+<paragraph id="1773C9599B13678057B7F9A354BB8BBE">
+<heading id="42CCA4CBD440871818E68176D581B1B0" reason="title">Habitat, ecology, and distribution.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="278D0C3FEB537B0296671B7D2DED2E56">
+Gregarious to caespitose in humus layers of soil under broadleaved forests, coniferous forests, or mixed coniferous – broadleaved forests. Basidiomata produced in summer or autumn, usually throughout the months of July to September; known from subtropical zones of southern
+<collectingCountry id="C31DED3CEE7F3587B0113D73DE966414" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EWNCI" type="material">
+<paragraph id="5E46240287670FBD0405FC5A87EEB9DF">
+<heading id="D76C7A24BA805120C20C362A08EB16BA" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E06CB2FE50AF356EE75A1593BBFBA7CF">
+<materialsCitation id="AED60E83BE106BED3A4F3CB3FA368415" collectingDate="2003-07-22" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="P. Zhang" country="China" county="Sangzhi County" elevation="1500" latitude="29.782825" location="Badagongshan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.081024" specimenCode="MHHNU 6801" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
+<collectingCountry id="955E0D5439B76C95D4E48B738C5A775F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
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+:
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+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="F3E857079CAEE03581AF3522057FE824" value="2020-08-01">
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+</date>
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+<collectorName id="1A56486D4A59D8109C14C3A77BB4E49D">Z. H. Chen</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="F7DA67555137E9BF95ACD37EBE2FEEB6" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 32116</specimenCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2FFFF0FF7BFDF91E76D41D" blockId="2.[160,1168,567,623]" box="[208,540,567,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">In a genus-level revision of</paragraph>
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+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2FFFF0FD8CFDF91F88D41D" blockId="2.[160,1168,567,623]" box="[551,994,567,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2FFFF0FD8CFDF91F88D41D" ID-CoL="5FDQ" authority="Moure, Engel et al. (2022)" authorityName="Moure, Engel" authorityYear="2022" box="[551,994,567,591]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FD8CFDF91EC8D41C" box="[551,674,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+Moure,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2FFFF0FCA7FDF91F88D41D" author="Engel, M. S. & L. T. P. Nguyen & N. T. Tran & T. A. Truong & A. F. Herrera Motta" box="[780,994,567,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="53 - 72" refId="ref9098" refString="Engel, M. S., L. T. P. Nguyen, N. T. Tran, T. A. Truong & A. F. Herrera Motta. 2022. A new genus of minute stingless bees from Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 1089: 53 - 72. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 1089.78000" type="journal article" year="2022">
+Engel
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FCF1FDF91FE0D41D" box="[858,906,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
+. (2022)
+</bibRefCitation>
+</taxonomicName>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="C36D65101D2FFFFAFC46FDF91E31D22B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2FFFF1FC46FDF91876D739" blockId="2.[160,1168,567,623]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1175,212,1164]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
+transferred
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2FFFF0FBD0FDF91D67D43C" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ebaiotrigona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FBD0FDF91D67D43C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. carpenteri</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+to the new genus
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2FFFF0FE75FD991F58D43D" authority="Engel & Nguyen" authorityName="Engel & Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[478,818,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ebaiotrigona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FE75FD991E02D43D" box="[478,616,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ebaiotrigona</emphasis>
+Engel & Nguyen
+</taxonomicName>
+on convincing morphological evidence. Workers of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE02FF1B1E5DD6BE" box="[425,567,213,236]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ebaiotrigona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE02FF1B1E5DD6BE" box="[425,567,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. carpenteri</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are easily distinguished from those of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FBBEFF1B18FAD6BE" box="[1045,1168,213,236]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBBEFF1B18FAD6BE" box="[1045,1168,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FF7FFF3B1D31D75E" authorityName="Moure" authorityYear="1961" box="[212,347,245,268]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FF7FFF3B1D31D75E" box="[212,347,245,268]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pariotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+by the yellow face maculation (among other characters, including the slightly larger size of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE0EFEDB1E5AD77E" box="[421,560,277,300]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ebaiotrigona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE0EFEDB1E5AD77E" box="[421,560,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. carpenteri</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+). This removal from
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FC85FEDB1FC3D77E" box="[814,937,277,300]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FC85FEDB1FC3D77E" box="[814,937,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+could also support the behavioural difference between species of the two genera, namely, that
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FBACFEFB18FAD71E" box="[1031,1168,309,332]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ebaiotrigona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBACFEFB18FAD71E" box="[1031,1168,309,332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. carpenteri</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is not truly lachryphagous, or at most only rather weakly or accidentally so.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="DF0866131D2FFFF0FF0BF94818FBD080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14670062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670062/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[160,241,1670,1692]" targetBox="[163,1163,651,1642]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2FFFF0FF0BF94818FBD080" blockId="2.[160,1169,1670,1746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FF0BF9481D4BD0C9" bold="true" box="[160,289,1670,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–2.</emphasis>
+Tear-drinking and flower visiting
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2FFFF0FD23F9491F12D0CE" authority="Engel." authorityName="Engel." box="[648,888,1670,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FD23F9491F45D0C9" box="[648,815,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lisotrigona furva</emphasis>
+Engel.
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FCD0F9481FE7D0C9" bold="true" box="[891,909,1670,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.</emphasis>
+A row of 18 worker bees sipping tears from the eye of H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FE55F96E1E60D0E5" bold="true" box="[510,522,1696,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger in self-portrait.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FD5DF96F1F62D0E4" bold="true" box="[758,776,1697,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.</emphasis>
+Workers collecting pollen and nectar from flowers of lichi (
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2FFFF0FE28F9721E37D083" authority="Sonn." authorityName="Sonn." box="[387,605,1724,1745]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Litchi" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FE28F9721E71D083" box="[387,539,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Litchi chinensis</emphasis>
+Sonn.
+</taxonomicName>
+) (
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2FFFF0FDDAF9721E90D080" box="[625,762,1724,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
+). Scale bars 6 mm. Photos H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2FFFF0FB90F974182DD083" bold="true" box="[1083,1095,1722,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2EFFF1FF7BFEBA18FDD459" blockId="3.[160,1175,212,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
+The very similar
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE00FEBB1E7DD7DE" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[427,535,373,396]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE00FEBB1E7DD7DE" box="[427,535,373,396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FDF4FEBB1ED0D7DE" box="[607,698,372,396]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDF4FEBB1ED0D7DE" box="[607,698,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+from
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FCA5FEBA1F12D7DE" box="[782,888,372,396]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+are best identified by differences in body size, as shown by
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FDD9FE5A1F5CD7FE" author="Michener, C. D." box="[626,822,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10119" refString="Michener, C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World [2 nd Edition]. John Hopkins University Press; Baltimore, MD; xvi + [i] + 913 pp., + 20 pls." type="book" year="2007">Michener (2007)</bibRefCitation>
+, and confirmed with further measurements by Bänziger & Bänziger (2010), viz. head width
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D2EFFF1FC02FE7A1824D799" box="[937,1102,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.14" valueMax="1.23" valueMin="1.05">1.05‒1.23 mm</quantity>
+in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FBD0FE7B1C80D7BE" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBD0FE7B1C80D7BE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D2EFFF1FE87FE1A1DD2D7BE" box="[300,440,468,492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3782" metricValueMax="3.5814" metricValueMin="3.175" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1.33" valueMax="1.41" valueMin="1.25">1.25‒1.41 in</quantity>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE68FE1B1E71D7BE" box="[451,539,468,492]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE68FE1B1E71D7BE" box="[451,539,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, without overlap. The body length is not a reliable measurement because it is dependent on the crop fullness of the telescoping metasoma.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2EFFF1FF7BFDDA1D67D51E" blockId="3.[160,1175,212,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
+In
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FF58FDDA1D59D47E" box="[243,307,532,556]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
+, besides the presence of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FDCEFDDB1EA4D47E" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[613,718,533,556]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDCEFDDB1EA4D47E" box="[613,718,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, five new species of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FC7AFDDB1826D47E" box="[977,1100,533,556]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FC7AFDDB1826D47E" box="[977,1100,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+were recently described, viz.
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE1DFDFB18E6D41E" authority="Jobirai & Narendran (Jobiraj & Narendran, 2004)" authorityName="Jobirai & Narendran (Jobiraj & Narendran" authorityYear="2004" box="[438,1164,564,588]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohandasi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE1DFDFB1E2CD41E" box="[438,582,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. mohandasi</emphasis>
+Jobirai & Narendran (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FCE0FDFA18EED41E" author="Jobiraj, T. & T. C. Narendran" box="[843,1156,564,588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref9428" refString="Jobiraj, T. & T. C. Narendran. 2004. A revised key to the world species of Lisotrigona Moure (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae) along with the description of a new species from India. Entomon 29 (1): 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Jobiraj & Narendran, 2004</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FF0BFD9B1E20D439" authority="Viraktamath & Sajan Jose" authorityName="Viraktamath & Sajan Jose" authorityYear="2017" box="[160,586,596,620]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandrai">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FF0BFD9B1D73D43E" box="[160,281,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. chandrai</emphasis>
+Viraktamath & Sajan Jose
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FDFFFD9B1DE4D4DE" authority="Viraktamath & Sajan Jose (Viraktamath & Sajan Jose, 2017)" authorityName="Viraktamath & Sajan Jose (Viraktamath & Sajan Jose" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="revanai">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDFFFD9B1ED4D43E" box="[596,702,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. revanai</emphasis>
+Viraktamath & Sajan Jose (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FC50FD9A1DECD4DE" author="Viraktamath, S. & K. Sajan Jose" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="21 - 28" refId="ref11190" refString="Viraktamath, S. & K. Sajan Jose. 2017. Two new species of Lisotrigona Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from India with notes on nest structure. The Bioscan 12 (1): 21 - 28." type="journal article" year="2017">Viraktamath & Sajan Jose, 2017</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE35FDBB1E8AD4DE" authority="Viraktamath" authorityName="Viraktamath" box="[414,736,628,652]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darbhaensis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE35FDBB1E57D4DE" box="[414,573,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. darbhaensis</emphasis>
+Viraktamath
+</taxonomicName>
+, and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FC82FDBB1E2FD4FE" authority="Viraktamath & Jagruti (Viraktamath et al., 2023)" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosumtaraensis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FC82FDBB1F9AD4DE" box="[809,1008,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. kosumtaraensis</emphasis>
+Viraktamath & Jagruti (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FEB4FD5A1E54D4FE" author="Viraktamath, S. & J. Roy & A. K. Jha & S. Rao" box="[287,574,660,684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="149 - 166" refId="ref11295" refString="Viraktamath, S., J. Roy, A. K. Jha & S. Rao. 2023. Description of two new species of Lisotrigona (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) from Central India and their nests. Entomon 48 (2): 149 - 166." type="journal article" year="2023">
+Viraktamath
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE16FD5B1D87D4FE" box="[445,493,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
+., 2023
+</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+. Whereas in the report by
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FC21FD5A18FAD4FE" author="Thangjam, R. & S. Rao & S. Viraktamath & L. D. Sharma" box="[906,1168,660,684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="591 - 593" refId="ref11138" refString="Thangjam, R., S. Rao, S. Viraktamath & L. D. Sharma. 2021. First report of drinking tear and sweat by Lisotrigona bees (Apidae: Meliponini) from India. Journal of Apicultural Research 61 (5): 591 - 593." type="journal article" year="2021">
+Thangjam
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBA2FD5B1853D4FE" box="[1033,1081,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
+. (2021)
+</bibRefCitation>
+there is no doubt that several specimens of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FD1AFD7B1F46D49E" box="[689,812,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FD1AFD7B1F46D49E" box="[689,812,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+drank tears in three separate cases in
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FEAAFD1A1D2BD4BE" box="[257,321,724,748]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
+, according to Viraktamath (pers. comm., 11 March, 2022), the identity of such species remains unknown. Also, there is some controversy regarding the actual number of good species of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE4BFCDB1E31D57E" box="[480,603,789,812]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE4BFCDB1E31D57E" box="[480,603,789,812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FD2AFCDA1ED5D57E" box="[641,703,788,812]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FD65FCDA1FBCD57E" author="Rasmussen, C. & J. C. Thomas & M. S. Engel" box="[718,982,788,812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref10801" refString="Rasmussen, C., J. C. Thomas & M. S. Engel. 2017. A new genus of Eastern Hemisphere stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a key to the supraspecific groups of Indomalayan Australasian Meliponini. American Museum Novitates 3888: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2017">
+Rasmussen
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FCF7FCDB1FE3D57E" box="[860,905,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
+., 2017
+</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FC4AFCDA1D6BD51E" author="Viraktamath, S. & A. K. Jha & S. Rao & T. Rojeet & J. Roy" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref11234" refString="Viraktamath, S., A. K. Jha, S. Rao, T. Rojeet & J. Roy. 2021. Morphometry of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) of the genus Lisotrigona indicates the presence of more than one species in India. Entomon 46 (2): 95 - 104." type="journal article" year="2021">
+Viraktamath
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBD6FCDB1CD9D51E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
+., 2021
+</bibRefCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2EFFF1FF7BFC9A1DC4D2DE" blockId="3.[160,1175,212,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
+Regarding
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FEF0FC9B1E97D53E" authority=", Schwarz (1939)" authorityName=", Schwarz" authorityYear="1939" box="[347,765,852,876]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klossi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FEF0FC9B1E46D53E" box="[347,556,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pariotrigona klossi</emphasis>
+,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FDE9FC9A1E97D53E" author="Schwarz, H. F." box="[578,765,852,876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="83 - 141" refId="ref11079" refString="Schwarz, H. F. 1939. The Indo-Malayan species of Trigona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 76: 83 - 141." type="journal article" year="1939">Schwarz (1939)</bibRefCitation>
+</taxonomicName>
+described it as a variety of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FBD2FC9B1DC2D5DE" authority="(Schwarz)" baseAuthorityName="Schwarz" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBD2FC9B1D4AD5DE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. pendleburyi</emphasis>
+(Schwarz)
+</taxonomicName>
+, then under
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FDF1FCBB1EDAD5DE" authorityName="Jurine" authorityYear="1807" box="[602,688,885,908]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDF1FCBB1EDAD5DE" box="[602,688,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, both from Peninsular
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FC4EFCBA1839D5DE" box="[997,1107,884,908]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
+. But
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FF0BFC5A1D36D5FE" author="Michener, C. D." box="[160,348,916,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="231 - 236" refId="ref10076" refString="Michener, C. D. 2002 [2001]. Comments on minute Meliponini and the male of the genus Pariotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 74 (4): 231 - 236." type="book chapter" year="2002">Michener (2002</bibRefCitation>
+[2001]) found intergrading characters in specimens from Borneo, Sumatra and
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FEEEFC7A1DD8D59E" box="[325,434,948,972]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
+, and proposed
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FDD9FC7B1EA4D59E" authorityName=", Schwarz" authorityYear="1939" box="[626,718,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klossi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDD9FC7B1EA4D59E" box="[626,718,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. klossi</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+as a synonym of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FC00FC7B1826D59E" baseAuthorityName="Schwarz" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[939,1100,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FC00FC7B1826D59E" box="[939,1100,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. pendleburyi</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. This was followed by Rasmussen (2008),
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FDF0FC1A1F1CD5BE" author="Rasmussen, C. & J. C. Thomas & M. S. Engel" box="[603,886,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref10801" refString="Rasmussen, C., J. C. Thomas & M. S. Engel. 2017. A new genus of Eastern Hemisphere stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a key to the supraspecific groups of Indomalayan Australasian Meliponini. American Museum Novitates 3888: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2017">
+Rasmussen
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FD41FC1B1F71D5BE" box="[746,795,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
+. (2017)
+</bibRefCitation>
+, and
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FC17FC1A18E6D5BE" author="Engel, M. S. & S. Kahono & D. Peggie" box="[956,1164,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref9007" refString="Engel, M. S., S. Kahono & D. Peggie. 2018. A key to the genera and subgenera of stingless bees in Indonesia. Treubia 45: 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="2018">
+Engel
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FBA2FC1B1850D5BE" box="[1033,1082,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
+. (2018
+</bibRefCitation>
+,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2EFFF1FF0BFC3A1CB0D25E" author="Engel, M. S. & L. T. P. Nguyen & N. T. Tran & T. A. Truong & A. F. Herrera Motta" box="[160,218,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="53 - 72" refId="ref9098" refString="Engel, M. S., L. T. P. Nguyen, N. T. Tran, T. A. Truong & A. F. Herrera Motta. 2022. A new genus of minute stingless bees from Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 1089: 53 - 72. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 1089.78000" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
+). However, in lachryphagous specimens found by H.B. in S
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FC06FC3A1873D25E" box="[941,1049,1012,1036]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+, the main characters consistently matched
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FDB3FBDB1E04D27E" authorityName=", Schwarz" authorityYear="1939" box="[536,622,1044,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klossi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDB3FBDB1E42D27E" box="[536,552,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
+.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FD98FBDA1E04D27E" box="[563,622,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">klossi</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, and Michener, whom H.B. had sent specimens for verification, did not question H.B.’s identification. Unfortunately, Michener died before we could redescribe
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FE41FB9B1E2FD23E" authorityName=", Schwarz" authorityYear="1939" box="[490,581,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pariotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klossi">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FE41FB9B1D90D23E" box="[490,506,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
+.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FDA1FB9A1E2FD23E" box="[522,581,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">klossi</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+for validation. This is now in preparation, based on additional material.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2EFFF1FEECFB1A1F82D2B9" blockId="3.[327,1000,1236,1260]" box="[327,1000,1236,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
+<heading id="D08081F71D2EFFF1FEECFB1A1F82D2B9" box="[327,1000,1236,1260]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">Marking Experiments and Feeding Behaviour of the Bees</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2EFFF6FF7BFADA1F29D439" blockId="3.[160,1169,1300,1772]" lastBlockId="4.[159,1169,212,1772]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
+This was carried out in N
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2EFFF1FDAEFADA1E1BD37E" box="[517,625,1300,1324]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+, with wild populations of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FC07FADB184DD37E" box="[940,1063,1301,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FC07FADB184DD37E" box="[940,1063,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in forest sites to make sure that the behaviour was not potentially influenced by artificial components (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FEEFFA9B1D03D33E" box="[324,361,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">e.g.</emphasis>
+, bees from meliponaries, degraded environment). Two sites were visited at least once monthly,
+<date id="FFC9105B1D2EFFF1FDAAFABA1E18D3DE" box="[513,626,1396,1420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-05">May 2013</date>
+to
+<date id="FFC9105B1D2EFFF1FD33FABA1F3ED3DE" box="[664,852,1396,1420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2014-11">November 2014</date>
+, another was visited daily, 31 May to 20 June, 2013; session time lasted 1.5–11 h depending on the bees’ harvesting time (averaging more than 3 h), total session time 360 h (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FCC8FA7C1F1AD39E" bold="true" box="[867,880,1458,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, 2018). Bees were marked (
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D2EFFF1FEA7FA1A1D27D3BE" box="[268,333,1492,1516]" captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[157,1171,224,1253]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 3–5. Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees. 3. Seven workers of Lisotrigona cacciae (Nurse) imbibing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21st of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy. 4. Pinned specimen of L. furva Engel with large corbicular pollen loads. 5. Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron) (left) and L. furva (right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. Bӓnziger. Note slightly larger T. fuscobalteata with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in L. furva), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in L. furva). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
+) while they avidly sucked tears, H.B. being both lachrymation source and experimenter, by his applying a minuscule drop of waterproof paint to the mesosoma back with a finely trimmed brush, viewed in a concave mirror. Generally, during one day, only one or two bees were marked, the touching causing the bee to fly off. If she returned, the colour, shape and position of the mark, which differed in every bee, were photographically recorded for correct recognition among large assemblages over hours, and days. The marking,
+<specimenCount id="9D71FD121D2EFFF1FDC9F95A1E17D0FE" box="[610,637,1684,1708]" count="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">34</specimenCount>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FD2CF95B1E9BD0FE" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[647,753,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FD2CF95B1EF7D0FE" box="[647,669,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L.</emphasis>
+cacciae
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<specimenCount id="9D71FD121D2EFFF1FC98F95A1F24D0FE" box="[819,846,1684,1708]" count="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">23</specimenCount>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2EFFF1FCF3F95B1FD8D0FE" box="[856,946,1684,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2EFFF1FCF3F95B1F04D0FE" box="[856,878,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L.</emphasis>
+furva
+</taxonomicName>
+, revealed that the very same bees can visit human eyes up to 78 and 144 times in one day, respectively. Depending on the bees’ position at the eye and competition with other bees, sucking lasted 0.4‒6.2 min (average 2.2 min) in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FDD2FF1B1E8BD6BE" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[633,737,213,236]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FDD2FF1B1E8BD6BE" box="[633,737,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, 0.4‒5.3 min (average 1.6 min) in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FBD0FF1B1CB3D75E" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FBD0FF1B1CB3D75E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. Intervals between consecutive visits were 1.5‒7.5 min (average 3.3 min) and 2.0‒8.0 min (average 3.8 min), respectively. In one day, the same bees may collect tears for up to 10.5 h (includes round trip time), average 3 h 15 min in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FBA2FEFB1819D71E" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1033,1139,309,332]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FBA2FEFB1819D71E" box="[1033,1139,309,332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, 2 h 14 min in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FE9AFE9B1DE2D73E" box="[305,392,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FE9AFE9B1DE2D73E" box="[305,392,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+;
+<specimenCount id="9D71FD121D29FFF6FE3CFE9A1E46D73E" box="[407,556,340,364]" count="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="worker">five workers</specimenCount>
+of each returned on the following day for up to 78 and 44 harvesting bouts, respectively;
+<specimenCount id="9D71FD121D29FFF6FDC2FEBA1EFED7D9" box="[617,660,372,395]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">one</specimenCount>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FD37FEBB1E99D7DE" box="[668,755,372,396]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FD37FEBB1ED8D7DE" box="[668,690,373,396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L.</emphasis>
+furva
+</taxonomicName>
+came on three consecutive and on the seventh day. Tear drinking occurred throughout the year (rainy, dry hot, and dry cold seasons), except during heavy rain and at temperatures below 22°C when no workers left the colony to forage. Lachryphagy was observed even during light rain and after a downpour. So water was not the principal component sought. The other well-known component is salt (NaCl) but, generally not appreciated, there is a third main component, viz. proteins, and they are on a par with that of salt, ca.
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D29FFF6FBA5FDFA1837D41E" box="[1038,1117,564,588]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mg" value="6.7">6.7 mg</quantity>
+in 1 ml (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D29FFF6FF65FD9A1D0BD43E" author="Rauen, H. M." box="[206,353,596,620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10855" refString="Rauen, H. M. 1964. Biochemisches Taschenbuch. 2. Teil. Springer; Berlin, Germany; 1084 pp." type="book" year="1964">Rauen, 1964</bibRefCitation>
+), 200 times the proteins present in sweat.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D29FFF6FF7BFDBA185DD39E" blockId="4.[159,1169,212,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
+Tear collecting is not a simple matter of imbibing moisture; it requires special behavioural adaptations because the source is not dead matter or a flower, but can be a highly mobile, sensitive and reactive vertebrate. Although single experienced tear collectors can be so surreptitious and gentle to occasionally avoid detection by the host, more often they tend to be avid and persistent to become pestiferous when in large groups. The most critical time for lachryphagy is during the bees’ approach to the eyes – not while sucking there. Humans normally flip them away when circling near the face (in zig-zag flight in the horizontal plane, whereas the common lachryphagous drosophilid flies tend to zig-zag vertically). The bees are likely to return and, if they manage to avoid the flipping and are about to reach the eye, the eyelids may automatically blink repulsing the bee. Animals, especially large herbivores, are less sensitive but flip with their ears, chase them off by tail, paw, claws, or shake their head. But in their persistence the bees tend to return time and again – like face flies do. The host may walk away but, unless running, the bees tend to follow in pursuit. The most experienced tear collectors will fly in low and very gently land below near the cilia or at the inner corner of the eye (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FDA7FB9B1E40D23E" box="[524,554,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">e.g</emphasis>
+.,
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D29FFF6FDEBFB9A1EEBD23E" box="[576,641,1108,1132]" captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[157,1171,224,1253]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 3–5. Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees. 3. Seven workers of Lisotrigona cacciae (Nurse) imbibing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21st of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy. 4. Pinned specimen of L. furva Engel with large corbicular pollen loads. 5. Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron) (left) and L. furva (right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. Bӓnziger. Note slightly larger T. fuscobalteata with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in L. furva), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in L. furva). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
+) (no eyelashes there), less often at the outer corner, and then advance to where their proboscis can reach the tears accumulating in the menisci and trench between lid and eyeball. They evidently crawl by using only the tarsal soft arolia pads but with the claws automatically in retracted position, as described for honey bees when crawling on vertical smooth surfaces (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D29FFF6FC5BFB1A1CB0D35E" author="Federle, W. & E. L. Brainerd & T. A. McMahon & B. Holldobler" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="6215 - 6220" refId="ref9164" refString="Federle, W., E. L. Brainerd, T. A. McMahon & B. Holldobler. 2001. Biomechanics of the movable pretarsal adhesive organ in ants and bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98: 6215 - 6220." type="journal article" year="2001">
+Federle
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FBF8FB1B18E9D2BE" box="[1107,1155,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
+., 2001
+</bibRefCitation>
+). Once landed and feeding at the eye, often only a faint tickling is perceived, if at all (H.B. occasionally had to check by mirror if a bee was still sipping or had already departed). The bees’ proboscis is very fine and soft (about
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D29FFF6FCCCFAFA1FC9D31E" box="[871,931,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
+long, a third of the bee’s body length, and only
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D29FFF6FE5AFA9A1E0ED339" box="[497,612,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.025">0.025 mm</quantity>
+wide distally) so essentially it is not perceived on the conjunctiva and the eyeball, unlike the bees’ tarsi and claws of inexperienced drinkers which may cause tickling to the host. When settled, the bees would not fly off if the host walks or even slowly runs away, but continue to feed until satiated.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D29FFF7FF7BFA1A1F64D749" blockId="4.[159,1169,212,1772]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1168,227,283]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
+Analysis of 117 photographs of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FDCAFA1B1EB6D3BE" box="[609,732,1493,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FDCAFA1B1EB6D3BE" box="[609,732,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+at human eyes revealed that none of the 302 bees present carried pollen loads, whether small or large (
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D29FFF6FC76FA3A1849D05E" box="[989,1059,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[157,1171,224,1253]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 3–5. Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees. 3. Seven workers of Lisotrigona cacciae (Nurse) imbibing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21st of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy. 4. Pinned specimen of L. furva Engel with large corbicular pollen loads. 5. Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron) (left) and L. furva (right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. Bӓnziger. Note slightly larger T. fuscobalteata with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in L. furva), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in L. furva). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
+), in their corbiculae. From stereomicroscope checks of collection specimens from eyes, only a few had pollen remnants, presumed result of the age polyethism from previous pollen collecting, or from contacts with nest-inmates. Because, as detailed above, lachryphagy is not a simple imbibing of liquids, but requires specific and unusual behavioural adaptations, including additional features described below (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FCC9F95B1FEBD0FE" box="[866,897,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">e.g</emphasis>
+., the consecutive bouts of tear drinking instead of switching to the much easier sucking of sweat), B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FB92F97C182CD09E" bold="true" box="[1081,1094,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger (2018) proposed that
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D29FFF6FE3DF91B1E7BD0BE" box="[406,529,1749,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D29FFF6FE3DF91B1E7BD0BE" box="[406,529,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+might have specialized tear collectors – a new division of labour in meliponines
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FE6EFF2D1E68D6A8" box="[453,514,227,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sensu</emphasis>
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D28FFF7FDA3FF2D1EA2D6A9" author="Michener, C. D." box="[520,712,227,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref9974" refString="Michener, C. D. 1974. The Social Behavior of the Bees. A Comparative Study. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Cambridge, USA; x + 394 pp." type="book" year="1974">Michener (1974)</bibRefCitation>
+, who used it in a broad sense, which in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FF0BFECD1D71D748" box="[160,283,259,282]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FF0BFECD1D71D748" box="[160,283,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+probably is a part-time division of labour.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF7FE64FE8D1F0BD709" blockId="5.[463,865,323,347]" box="[463,865,323,347]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+<heading id="D08081F71D28FFF7FE64FE8D1F0BD709" box="[463,865,323,347]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">Bee Scent Marking and Recruiting</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF7FF7BFE4D1FFFD4A9" blockId="5.[160,1169,387,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+Some
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FEB2FE4D1DFED7C8" box="[281,404,387,410]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FEB2FE4D1DFED7C8" box="[281,404,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+were also seen along the groove between the lids of closed eyes of a drowsy or sleeping animal host,
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FDC8FE6D1EE8D7E8" box="[611,642,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">e.g</emphasis>
+., a dog. Presumably the bees can locate the eye when they have scent marked it during a previous visit, or when attracted by the odour of tear incrustations or tear seepings along where the lids meet. Scent marking is indeed likely to occur: a fully satiated bee with turgid crop would not directly fly away but often remain a second or so while moving her head, antennae and forelegs, and then causing a typical tickling sensation to the lid/cilia of H.B. as if forcibly grasping them for an instant on take-off. Such head movements have been noted in neotropical
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FF0BFD4D1D92D4C9" authority="(Lepeletier)" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[160,504,643,667]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FF0BFD4D1D0ED4C9" box="[160,356,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trigona hyalinata</emphasis>
+(Lepeletier)
+</taxonomicName>
+for odour-marking by mandibular glands (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D28FFF7FBA7FD4D1CB3D4E9" author="Nieh, J. C. & F. A. L. Contrera & P. Nogueira-Neto" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="2191 - 2196" refId="ref10368" refString="Nieh, J. C., F. A. L. Contrera, P. Nogueira-Neto. 2003. Pulsed mass recruitment by a stingless bee, Trigona hyalinata. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270: 2191 - 2196." type="journal article" year="2003">
+Nieh
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FBF9FD4D18E8D4C9" box="[1106,1154,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
+., 2003
+</bibRefCitation>
+), and in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FE93FD6D1E33D4E9" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1903" box="[312,601,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminigra">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FE93FD6D1E64D4E8" box="[312,526,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melipona seminigra</emphasis>
+Friese
+</taxonomicName>
+for tarsal ‘footprint’ marking (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D28FFF7FC12FD6D18EFD4E9" author="Hrncir, M. & S. Jarau & R. Zucchi & F. G. Barth" box="[953,1157,675,699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref9277" refString="Hrncir, M., S. Jarau, R. Zucchi & F. G. Barth. 2004. On the origin and properties of scent marks deposited at the food source by a stingless bee, Melipona seminigra. Apidologie 35: 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="2004">
+Hrncir
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FBA6FD6D1853D4E9" box="[1037,1081,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
+., 2004
+</bibRefCitation>
+). Quite often H.B. felt a slight burning or itching sensation at the eyelid, continuing after the bee had left, which indicate probable cases of scent marking.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF7FF7BFCCD1FCAD208" blockId="5.[160,1169,387,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+The observation that there tended to be an exponential increase in arrivals following the first tear collector, indicates that
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FD91FCED1EDFD568" box="[570,693,803,826]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FD91FCED1EDFD568" box="[570,693,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+employ some form of recruiting. No traillaying was observed. Possibly, an experienced collector piloted a recruit by sight and/ or by an aerial scent plume released by the guide. Occasionally, H.B. noted that when a
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FF1EFC4D1D5AD5C8" box="[181,304,899,922]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FF1EFC4D1D5AD5C8" box="[181,304,899,922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+was squeezed between his fingers, a strong odour was perceived; such a volatile might be used as a guiding plume. This
+<typeStatus id="54CC88391D28FFF7FD72FC6D1F67D5E9" box="[729,781,931,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
+of recruiting had been proposed by
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D28FFF7FF68FC0D1DB9D588" author="Lindauer, M. & W. E. Kerr" box="[195,467,962,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="405 - 434" refId="ref9779" refString="Lindauer, M. & W. E. Kerr. 1958. Die gegenseitige Verstandigung bei den stachellosen Bienen. Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Physiologie 41: 405 - 434." type="journal article" year="1958">Lindauer & Kerr (1958)</bibRefCitation>
+for neotropical meliponines. The information exchange and recruiting behavior in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FE1BFC2D1E41D5A8" box="[432,555,995,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FE1BFC2D1E41D5A8" box="[432,555,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+supports the use of the term ‘congregating’ rather than ‘aggregating’ when describing lachryphagous
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FCA4FBCD1FE0D248" box="[783,906,1027,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FCA4FBCD1FE0D248" box="[783,906,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. The former suggests a directional approach towards a known assembling site, whereas the latter denotes arrivals from any direction, casually attracted by a local resource.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF7FDABFB4D1F5BD2C9" blockId="5.[512,817,1155,1179]" box="[512,817,1155,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+<heading id="D08081F71D28FFF7FDABFB4D1F5BD2C9" box="[512,817,1155,1179]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">Tear Proteins as Nutrition</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF7FF7BFB0D1E0ED3C8" blockId="5.[160,1168,1219,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+The repetitive ingestion of full-crop loads of tears in successive sucking bouts is possible only if the preceding load is either regurgitated or anally excreted. In the latter case, tears would have to go through the digestive system and, since the proteins are dissolved, we know of no mechanism how
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D28FFF7FD0DFAED1F4BD368" box="[678,801,1315,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FD0DFAED1F4BD368" box="[678,801,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+could extract and separate the proteins from the tears to be selectively discarded by excretion, if proteins were indeed unwanted ballast. They would inevitably be digested and assimilated, making them a nutritional resource rather than waste.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF7FF7BFA6D1E8AD029" blockId="5.[160,1168,1219,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+More likely is regurgitation where there are two possibilities, viz. trophallaxis to receiver bees, or disgorging into containers (pollen and/or honey pots, and/or brood cells). B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FF53FA2F1D6FD3A9" bold="true" box="[248,261,1505,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger (2018) thought that trophallaxis would be the more probable procedure because the tear collectors can readily return to harvest more tears. In the nest, tears might be used to dilute highly concentrated honey for the brood. Or nurse bees may process the tears to produce brood food. In all these cases the tears’ dissolved proteins end up,
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D28FFF7FEAAF9AD1DF8D029" box="[257,402,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">volens nolens</emphasis>
+, enriching the nourishment.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D28FFF4FF7BF94D1F2BD42B" blockId="5.[160,1168,1219,1723]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1168,225,825]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
+Although pollen is far richer in proteins and lipids (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D28FFF7FCF4F94D1865D0C9" author="Winston, M. L." box="[863,1039,1667,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref11454" refString="Winston, M. L. 1987. The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, USA; 281 pp." type="book" year="1987">Winston, 1987</bibRefCitation>
+), tears are superior in having dissolved, readily digestible proteins, not enclosed in indigestible exine walls as in pollen. Also, 20‒25% of the protein in human tears is lysozyme (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FBCFFF2C18E9D6AB" box="[1124,1155,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e.g</emphasis>
+.,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FF0BFECF1D38D74B" author="Millodot, M." box="[160,338,257,281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref10201" refString="Millodot, M. 2009. Dictionary of Optometry and Visual science. Butterworth-Heinemann; Edinburgh, UK; 465 pp." type="book" year="2009">Millodot, 2009</bibRefCitation>
+), an enzyme with bactericidal properties, which could help against spoilage of tears in pots, until itself consumed as nutrition. The basic main tear composition of proteins, salt and water is also present in other mammals, birds and reptiles though the concentration of total proteins is highest in humans and lowest in reptiles (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FE8DFE4F1E6BD7CB" author="Raposo, A. C. & R. D. Portela & M. Aldrovani & T. D. Barral & D. Cury & A. P. Oria" box="[294,513,385,409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref10660" refString="Raposo, A. C., R. D. Portela, M. Aldrovani, T. D. Barral, D. Cury & A. P. Oria. 2020. Comparative analysis of tear composition in humans, domestic mammals, reptiles, and birds. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7: 283. doi: 10.3389 / fvets. 2020.00283" type="journal volume" year="2020">
+Raposo
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FE2DFE4C1DDED7CB" box="[390,436,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
+., 2020
+</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FDA7FE4F1EACD7CB" author="Oria, A. P. & A. J. Lacerda & A. C. S. Raposo & N. L. L. C. Araujo & R. Portela & M. A. Mendonca & A. M. Masmali" box="[524,710,385,409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref10414" refString="Oria, A. P., A. J. Lacerda, A. C. S. Raposo, N. L. L. C. Araujo, R. Portela, M. A. Mendonca & A. M. Masmali. 2020. Comparison of electrolyte composition and crystallization patterns in bird and reptile tears. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7: 574. doi: 10.3389 / fvets. 2020.00574" type="journal volume" year="2020">
+Oriá
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FDE2FE4C1E1CD7CB" box="[585,630,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
+., 2020
+</bibRefCitation>
+). Moreover, tears are energetically less costly in harvesting. Namely, no hovering for pollen transfer to corbiculae is required, crop filling is in a settled position, taking just 1‒6 min, and crop transporting allows a larger load than corbiculae (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FDA9FE2F1ED0D7AB" author="Michener, C. D." box="[514,698,481,505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref9974" refString="Michener, C. D. 1974. The Social Behavior of the Bees. A Comparative Study. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Cambridge, USA; x + 394 pp." type="book" year="1974">Michener, 1974</bibRefCitation>
+), hence fewer return trips are necessary than for pollen. Additionally, pollen production by a flower is not continuous and soon exhausted, whereas tears are not only secreted continuously (30–120 µl/h in humans;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FF0BFD8F1D3AD40B" author="Millodot, M." box="[160,336,577,601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref10201" refString="Millodot, M. 2009. Dictionary of Optometry and Visual science. Butterworth-Heinemann; Edinburgh, UK; 465 pp." type="book" year="2009">Millodot, 2009</bibRefCitation>
+), hence produced virtually in unlimited amounts for tiny
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FBBEFD8C18FAD40B" box="[1045,1168,578,601]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FBBEFD8C18FAD40B" box="[1045,1168,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+but, unlike seasonal flowering, are produced year-round.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2BFFF4FF7BFD4F1FEAD56B" blockId="6.[160,1168,225,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
+Finally, under certain circumstances tears could be a crucial alternative to pollen protein because small bees typically have narrower flying ranges than larger species (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FF02FD0C1CA2D48B" box="[169,200,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e.g</emphasis>
+.,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FF71FD0F1DC1D48B" author="Araujo, E. D. & M. Costa & J. Chaud-Netto & H. G. Fowler" box="[218,427,705,729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="563 - 568" refId="ref8140" refString="Araujo, E. D., M. Costa, J. Chaud-Netto & H. G. Fowler. 2004. Body size and flight distance in stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini): Inference of flight range and possible ecological implications. Brazilian Journal of Biology 64 (3 B): 563 - 568." type="journal article" year="2004">
+Araújo
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FE9AFD0C1D34D48B" box="[305,350,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
+., 2004
+</bibRefCitation>
+). The much larger honey bee has a harvesting range of over
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D2BFFF4FBC3FD0F1CACD4AB" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
+<superScript id="7C029BD31D2BFFF4FF6DFD2E1CA4D4BC" attach="left" box="[198,206,736,750]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</superScript>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FF70FD2F1D05D4AB" author="Seeley, T. D." box="[219,367,737,761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref11107" refString="Seeley, T. D. 1985. Honeybee ecology. A study of adaptation in social life. Princeton University Press; New Jersey, USA; 201 pp." type="book" year="1985">Seeley, 1985</bibRefCitation>
+), but
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FE1FFD2C1E61D4AB" box="[436,523,737,761]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FE1FFD2C1E61D4AB" box="[436,523,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+’s is only a small fraction of that. Since a small area is more prone to scarce or temporary lack of flowering than a large one due to its lower biodiversity, tears could compensate or replace pollen protein.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2BFFF4FE75FCAF1F38D52B" blockId="6.[478,850,865,889]" box="[478,850,865,889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
+<heading id="D08081F71D2BFFF4FE75FCAF1F38D52B" box="[478,850,865,889]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">The Significance of Salt in Tears</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2BFFF4FF7BFC6C1DC8D0CB" blockId="6.[160,1169,929,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
+No doubt the tears’ salt (NaCl) plays a role. In a review of publications on animals searching for salt, B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FE27FC0E1DF3D588" bold="true" box="[396,409,960,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger (2021) listed seven mammal and three bird families with species visiting salt licks, and various insects imbibing sweat, tears or visiting saltcontaining puddles, including seven families of lachryphagous moths (
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FC44FBCF18EFD24B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1007,1157,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
+). Interestingly, many of these zoophilous moths are unable to digest proteins in the adult stage, including, unexpectedly, the vampire moths (8 species of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FCD0FB8F18E6D20B" authority="Ochsenheimer" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[891,1164,1089,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Calyptra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FCD0FB8F1FB0D20B" box="[891,986,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calyptra</emphasis>
+Ochsenheimer
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FF0BFBAF1D60D22B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[160,266,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
+) which sequester salt as the main substance from blood. In
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D2BFFF4FC5BFBAF1836D22B" box="[1008,1116,1121,1145]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+, the following non-lachryphagous stingless bees are known to settle on human skin to imbibe sweat:
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FEE0FB6F1E8CD2EB" authority="(Cameron)" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[331,742,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobalteata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FEE0FB6F1E0AD2EB" box="[331,608,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tetragonula fuscobalteata</emphasis>
+(Cameron)
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D2BFFF4FD5DFB6F1F50D2EB" box="[758,826,1185,1209]" captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[157,1171,224,1253]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 3–5. Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees. 3. Seven workers of Lisotrigona cacciae (Nurse) imbibing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21st of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy. 4. Pinned specimen of L. furva Engel with large corbicular pollen loads. 5. Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron) (left) and L. furva (right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. Bӓnziger. Note slightly larger T. fuscobalteata with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in L. furva), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in L. furva). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
+),
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FCE4FB6C1804D2EB" authority="(Sakagami)" baseAuthorityName="Sakagami" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[847,1134,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirashimai">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FCE4FB6C1FB5D2EB" box="[847,991,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. hirashimai</emphasis>
+(Sakagami)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FBD1FB6C1D19D28B" authority="(Schwarz)" baseAuthorityName="Schwarz" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FBD1FB6C1C9ED28B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
+(Schwarz)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FED5FB0C1EABD28B" authority="(Sakagami)" baseAuthorityName="Sakagami" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[382,705,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeniformis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FED5FB0C1E5ED28B" box="[382,564,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. pagdeniformis</emphasis>
+(Sakagami)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FD67FB0C18E6D28B" authority="(Michener & Boongird)" baseAuthorityName="Michener & Boongird" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[716,1164,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirindhornae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FD67FB0C1F1AD28B" box="[716,880,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. sirindhornae</emphasis>
+(Michener & Boongird)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FF0BFB2C1DA7D2AB" authority="(Cameron)" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[160,461,1249,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceitarsis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FF0BFB2C1D2CD2AB" box="[160,326,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. testaceitarsis</emphasis>
+(Cameron)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FE7CFB2F1F35D2AB" authority="(Schwarz)" baseAuthorityName="Schwarz" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[471,863,1249,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lepidotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doipaensis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FE7CFB2F1E8BD2AB" box="[471,737,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lepidotrigona doipaensis</emphasis>
+(Schwarz)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FCC2FB2C181BD2AB" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[873,1137,1249,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lepidotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavibasis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FCC2FB2C1F8DD2AB" box="[873,999,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. flavibasis</emphasis>
+(Cockerell)
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FBD0FB2C1D26D348" authority="Attasopa" authorityName="Attasopa" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lepidotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satun">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FBD0FB2C1CB7D34B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. satun</emphasis>
+Attasopa
+</taxonomicName>
+& B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FED7FACE1DE3D348" bold="true" box="[380,393,1280,1306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FDB8FACC1E9FD34B" authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[531,757,1281,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lepidotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FDB8FACC1EF2D34B" box="[531,664,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. terminata</emphasis>
+(Smith)
+</taxonomicName>
+(B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FCBFFACE1F4BD348" bold="true" box="[788,801,1280,1306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FCD9FACC1FF4D34B" box="[882,926,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
+., 2009; H.B., unpubl. data). At present it is not known whether they search for salt, water, or more probably either of them depending on circumstantial requirements. However, considering the above-mentioned wide-spread want for salt, generally this is the main resource sought. Similarly, those
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FECDFA4C1D8BD3CB" box="[358,481,1410,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FECDFA4C1D8BD3CB" box="[358,481,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+that imbibe perspiration are probably after the salt but, significantly, all marked tear collectors consistently harvested only tears, in dry and humid weather. Hence, despite the importance of salt across the mentioned animal world, these harvesters prefer tears, although sweat is available over a much wider body area, and does not require special eye-landing dexterity. Since tears are 200-times richer in proteins than sweat, this component is a likely reason for their predilection. Presumably salt is not required in such large amounts as harvested by long-term tearsucking
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2BFFF4FEADF9AC1DEBD02B" box="[262,385,1634,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FEADF9AC1DEBD02B" box="[262,385,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+but the surplus can be easily excreted
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2BFFF4FCC8F9AC1FEED02B" box="[867,900,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">via</emphasis>
+the Malpighian tubes (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D2BFFF4FF03F94F1DFCD0CB" author="Wigglesworth, V. B." box="[168,406,1665,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref11387" refString="Wigglesworth, V. B. 1973. The Principles of Insect Physiology. Chapman and Hall; London, UK; 827 pp." type="book" year="1973">Wigglesworth, 1973</bibRefCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="DF0866131D2AFFF5FF0BFB3A1F3FD3E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" targetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2AFFF5FF0BFB3A1F3FD3E8" blockId="7.[160,1169,1268,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FF0BFB3A1D4CD35B" bold="true" box="[160,294,1268,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 3–5.</emphasis>
+Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FD46FB3A1E95D35B" bold="true" box="[749,767,1268,1289]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.</emphasis>
+Seven workers of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FC7FFB3B1C9BD375" authority="(Nurse)" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FC7FFB3B18FAD358" box="[980,1168,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lisotrigona cacciae</emphasis>
+(Nurse)
+</taxonomicName>
+imbibing tears from the eye of H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FD23FADE1EFED375" bold="true" box="[648,660,1296,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21
+<superScript id="7C029BD31D2AFFF5FEC5FAE11D12D369" attach="left" box="[366,376,1327,1339]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">st</superScript>
+of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FC26FAE11FCAD316" bold="true" box="[909,928,1327,1348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.</emphasis>
+Pinned specimen of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FBD6FAFE1D7DD330" authority="Engel" authorityName="Engel" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FBD6FAFE1CB9D333" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. furva</emphasis>
+Engel
+</taxonomicName>
+with large corbicular pollen loads.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FD32FA831EC1D330" bold="true" box="[665,683,1357,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5.</emphasis>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FD19FA82184CD330" authority="(Cameron)" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[690,1062,1356,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobalteata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FD19FA821FC6D333" box="[690,940,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tetragonula fuscobalteata</emphasis>
+(Cameron)
+</taxonomicName>
+(left) and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FF0BFAA41C84D32D" box="[160,238,1386,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FF0BFAA41C84D32D" box="[160,238,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FD20FAA61EFDD32D" bold="true" box="[651,663,1384,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger. Note slightly larger
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FC6BFAA41832D32D" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[960,1112,1386,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobalteata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FC6BFAA41832D32D" box="[960,1112,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. fuscobalteata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FDEEFA461EFBD3CE" box="[581,657,1415,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FDEEFA461EFBD3CE" box="[581,657,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D2AFFF5FBD6FA461CB9D3EB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FBD6FA461CB9D3EB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FD54FA6D1F61D3E8" bold="true" box="[767,779,1443,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2AFFF5FE7AFA2F1F35D3AA" blockId="7.[465,863,1505,1529]" box="[465,863,1505,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
+<heading id="D08081F71D2AFFF5FE7AFA2F1F35D3AA" box="[465,863,1505,1529]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">The Significance of Water in Tears</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D2AFFFAFF7BF9EF1EFDD78B" blockId="7.[160,1168,1569,1785]" lastBlockId="8.[159,1168,225,1146]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
+The tears’ water is likely important in honey dilution and moisture replenishment during dry hot periods. March to early May tend to have the highest temperature and lowest humidity at the study sites (T: min-max 26‒35.7
+<superScript id="7C029BD31D2AFFF5FC2DF9911FCED02B" attach="right" box="[902,932,1631,1657]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">oC</superScript>
+, averages 27‒33
+<superScript id="7C029BD31D2AFFF5FBC5F99118E1D02B" attach="right" box="[1134,1163,1631,1657]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">oC</superScript>
+; RH: min-max 25‒67%, averages 35‒54%). Dozens of the mentioned sweat sucking meliponines may crawl at the same time all over one’s skin to avidly lick perspiration, often in mixed-species assemblages (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D2AFFF5FDCCF90F1EEFD08A" box="[615,645,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">e.g</emphasis>
+.,
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D2AFFF5FD35F90F1E8FD08B" box="[670,741,1729,1753]" captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[157,1171,224,1253]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 3–5. Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees. 3. Seven workers of Lisotrigona cacciae (Nurse) imbibing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21st of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy. 4. Pinned specimen of L. furva Engel with large corbicular pollen loads. 5. Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron) (left) and L. furva (right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. Bӓnziger. Note slightly larger T. fuscobalteata with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in L. furva), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in L. furva). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
+) and annoying persistence. Under such conditions, water appears to be the more important resource, presumably also for
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFEA5FF2C1DE3D6AB" box="[270,393,226,249]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFEA5FF2C1DE3D6AB" box="[270,393,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+which come in greater numbers, whether sweat-drinking or tear-harvesting. Despite the abundance and accessibility of sweat, all marked tearcollecting
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFEB6FEEC1DF2D76B" box="[285,408,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFEB6FEEC1DF2D76B" box="[285,408,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+kept undeterred their regular bouts in drinking, leaving and returning to the eyes, throughout their hour-long tear harvesting. The persistent focus of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFF6BFEAC1D51D72B" box="[192,315,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF6BFEAC1D51D72B" box="[192,315,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+on collecting tears, rather than switching to sweat for salt or moisture, strongly suggest a division of labour within the species. One would expect the marked
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFF0BFE6C1D71D7EB" box="[160,283,418,441]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF0BFE6C1D71D7EB" box="[160,283,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+to switch to sweat if it were not for their specific role in harvesting tears, further emphasizing their specialized task.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D25FFFAFF7BFE2C1E69D4EB" blockId="8.[159,1168,225,1146]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFF7BFE2C1D21D7AB" box="[208,331,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF7BFE2C1D21D7AB" box="[208,331,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+were never seen at water basins placed at the study sites, nor observed to drink water from natural pool sides or at wet sand at streams where other meliponines, honey bees, and other hymenopterans gathered. Possibly, guttation from plants or atmospheric water condensation early in the morning may be sufficient sources for these tiny bees. Dew formation in the tree canopy and on ground vegetation is often very profuse in N
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D25FFFAFED1FD4F1D8ED4CB" box="[378,484,641,665]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+due to marked overnight cooling between December and March (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFEA7FD6E1D73D4E8" bold="true" box="[268,281,672,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, 2021: p 183).
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D25FFFAFF7BFD0F1E31D22B" blockId="8.[159,1168,225,1146]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
+While water could have a cooling function to prevent overheating of the nest by evaporation of collected water, as found in honey bees (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFC39FD2F1826D4AB" author="Lindauer, M." box="[914,1100,737,761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="391 - 432" refId="ref9757" refString="Lindauer, M. 1954. Temperaturregulierung und Wasserhaushalt im Bienenstaat. Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Physiologie 36: 391 - 432." type="journal article" year="1954">Lindauer, 1954</bibRefCitation>
+), this ability is thought to be lacking in meliponines (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFD71FCCF1F11D54B" author="Roubik, D. W." box="[730,891,769,793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="124 - 143" refId="ref10901" refString="Roubik, D. W. 2006. Stingless bee nesting biology. Apidologie 37: 124 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">Roubik, 2006</bibRefCitation>
+). However, neotropical
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFF0BFCEF1DD0D56B" authority="Ayala" authorityName="Ayala" authorityYear="1999" box="[160,442,801,825]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colimana">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF0BFCEF1D07D56B" box="[160,365,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melipona colimana</emphasis>
+Ayala
+</taxonomicName>
+, and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFE5EFCEC1F2BD56B" authority="(Moure)" baseAuthorityName="Moure" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[501,833,801,825]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Scaptotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFE5EFCEC1EBDD56B" box="[501,727,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Scaptotrigona depilis</emphasis>
+(Moure)
+</taxonomicName>
+, have recently been found to regurgitate water and fan their wings to cool down (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFCACFC8F185CD50B" author="Macias-Macias, J. O. & J. J. G. Quezada-Euan & F. Contreras-Escareno & J. M. Tapia-Gonzalez & H. Moo-Valle & R. Ayala" box="[775,1078,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="679 - 689" refId="ref9810" refString="Macias-Macias, J. O., J. J. G. Quezada-Euan, F. Contreras-Escareno, J. M. Tapia-Gonzalez, H. Moo-Valle & R. Ayala. 2011. Comparative temperature tolerance in stingless bee species from tropical highlands and lowlands of Mexico and implications for their conservation (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Apidologie 42: 679 - 689." type="journal article" year="2011">
+Macías-Macías
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFC16FC8C1F80D50B" box="[957,1002,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
+., 2011
+</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFBEBFC8F1D30D52B" author="Vollet-Neto, A. & C. Menezes & V. L. Imperatriz-Fonseca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="455 - 464" refId="ref11347" refString="Vollet-Neto, A., C. Menezes & V. L. Imperatriz-Fonseca. 2015. Behavioural and developmental responses of a stingless bee (Scaptotrigona depilis) to nest overheating. Apidologie 46: 455 - 464." type="journal article" year="2015">
+Vollet-Neto
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF4BFCAC1D66D52B" box="[224,268,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
+., 2015
+</bibRefCitation>
+). It is not excluded that
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFDC5FCAC1E83D52B" box="[622,745,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFDC5FCAC1E83D52B" box="[622,745,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+may be able to use tears for cooling, but in the forest habitat temperatures were mostly below 33 °C during the hottest months and reached a maximum of 35.7 °C only once. This is below the maximum brood chamber temperature of 36.2 °C recorded in neotropical
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFC0CFC0C1834D58B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[935,1118,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFC0CFC0C1834D58B" box="[935,1118,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trigona spinipes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(F.) (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFF03FC2F1D8AD5AB" author="Zucchi, R. & S. F. Sakagami" box="[168,480,993,1017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref11480" refString="Zucchi, R. & S. F. Sakagami. 1972. Capacidade termo-reguladora em Trigona spinipes e em algumas outras especies de abelhas sem ferrao. Pages 301 - 309 in Homenagem a Warwick E. Kerr. Rio Claro, Brazil." type="book" year="1972">Zucchi & Sakagami, 1972</bibRefCitation>
+) and is well below 38.5°C and 40°C when 0% and 50% mortality, respectively, occurred in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFDE1FBCC1837D24B" authority="(Latreille) (Macieira & Proni, 2004)" authorityName="Macieira & Proni" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[586,1117,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Scaptotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postica">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFDE1FBCC1ED9D24B" box="[586,691,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. postica</emphasis>
+(Latreille) (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFC95FBCF183FD24B" author="Macieira, O. J. D. & E. A. Proni" box="[830,1109,1025,1049]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="893 - 896" refId="ref9879" refString="Macieira, O. J. D. & E. A. Proni. 2004. Capacidade de resistencia a altas e baixas temperaturas em operarias de Scaptotrigona postica (Latreille) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) durante os periodos de verrao e inverno. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21 (4): 893 - 896." type="journal article" year="2004">Macieira & Proni, 2004</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+. For comparison, optimal brood temperatures for honey bees range between 34 and 36 °C (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFF03FB8F1D53D20B" author="Seeley, T. D." box="[168,313,1089,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref11107" refString="Seeley, T. D. 1985. Honeybee ecology. A study of adaptation in social life. Princeton University Press; New Jersey, USA; 201 pp." type="book" year="1985">Seeley, 1985</bibRefCitation>
+). Given these relative low temperatures, cooling via tear collection would likely not be necessary for
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFE71FBAC1E3FD22B" box="[474,597,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFE71FBAC1E3FD22B" box="[474,597,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="C36D65101D25FFF8FDDDFB6C1D7AD78B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D25FFFAFDDDFB6C1ED0D2EB" blockId="8.[630,698,1186,1209]" box="[630,698,1186,1209]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
+<heading id="D08081F71D25FFFAFDDDFB6C1ED0D2EB" box="[630,698,1186,1209]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">Hosts</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D25FFFAFF7BFB2C1855D0AB" blockId="8.[160,1169,1249,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
+Apart from humans,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFE6FFB2C1E43D2AB" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[452,553,1250,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFE6FFB2C1E43D2AB" box="[452,553,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+imbibed tears from cat, dog, chicken (
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D25FFFAFC4FFB2F184FD2AB" box="[996,1061,1249,1273]" captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="10.[160,241,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[164,1163,515,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-115@10.[164,1163,510,1619]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 6–9. Tear-drinking stingless bees and moths. 6. Lisotrigona furva Engel drinking tears from the eye of a chicken. 7. Lisotrigona furva imbibing flowed-down tears from the eye of an elongated tortoise [Indotestudo elongata (Blyh)]. 8, 9. Drepanid moth Chaeopsestis ludovicae Le Cerf imbing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. Note the moth’s foretarsi clawing the eyelid (arrows in photo 8, lines in drawing 9). Modified from H. Bӓnziger (1992). Scale bars 6 mm. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670068/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
+), and the elongated tortoise [or yellow tortoise,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFDCDFACF1FF0D34B" authority="(Blyh)" baseAuthorityName="Blyh" box="[614,922,1281,1305]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Indotestudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFDCDFACF1F2DD34B" box="[614,839,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Indotestudo elongata</emphasis>
+(Blyh)
+</taxonomicName>
+] (
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D25FFFAFC1AFACF1F9ED348" box="[945,1012,1281,1306]" captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="10.[160,241,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[164,1163,515,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-115@10.[164,1163,510,1619]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 6–9. Tear-drinking stingless bees and moths. 6. Lisotrigona furva Engel drinking tears from the eye of a chicken. 7. Lisotrigona furva imbibing flowed-down tears from the eye of an elongated tortoise [Indotestudo elongata (Blyh)]. 8, 9. Drepanid moth Chaeopsestis ludovicae Le Cerf imbing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. Note the moth’s foretarsi clawing the eyelid (arrows in photo 8, lines in drawing 9). Modified from H. Bӓnziger (1992). Scale bars 6 mm. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670068/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
+), but settling attempts on rabbit [
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFE26FAEF1F64D36B" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[397,782,1313,1337]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFE26FAEF1EEFD36B" box="[397,645,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oryctolagus cuniculus</emphasis>
+(Linnaeus)
+</taxonomicName>
+] were repulsed by eye blinking.
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFF0BFA8C1D08D30B" box="[160,354,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF0BFA8C1D08D30B" box="[160,354,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+also imbibed tears from rabbit and zebu (
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFC22FA8C18E3D30B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[905,1161,1345,1369]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFC22FA8C1867D30B" box="[905,1037,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bos indicus</emphasis>
+Linnaeus
+</taxonomicName>
+) (Bänziger
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFEB1FAAC1D3AD32B" box="[282,336,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
+, 2009; Bänziger & Bänziger, 2010), with photographic documentation of lachryphagy of all except from cat and zebu. In
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D25FFFAFD47FA4F1FE0D3CB" author="Packer, L." box="[748,906,1409,1433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref10545" refString="Packer, L. 2023. Bees of the World. A Guide to Every Family. Princeton University Press; Princeton and Oxford, USA and UK; 240 pp." type="book" year="2023">Packer (2023)</bibRefCitation>
+, there is a photograph by K. Kulkarni of a group of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFDACFA6C1EC4D3EB" box="[519,686,1442,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFDACFA6C1EE8D3EB" box="[519,642,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+sp.
+</taxonomicName>
+at the eyes of a changeable hawk-eagle [
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFF02FA0C1D88D38B" authority="(Gmelin)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[169,482,1473,1497]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Nisaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cirrhatus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFF02FA0C1D1AD38B" box="[169,368,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nisaetus cirrhatus</emphasis>
+(Gmelin)
+</taxonomicName>
+] in the wild in
+<collectingRegion id="49B3F8791D25FFFAFD3AFA0F1F31D38B" box="[657,859,1473,1497]" country="India" name="Madhya Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Madhya Pradesh</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D25FFFAFCCDFA0F1FCCD38B" box="[870,934,1473,1497]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
+, and H.B. has noted in a documentary film where incidentally tiny meliponines were attacking the eye of a harpy eagle [
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFEFEF9CC1EEED04B" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[341,644,1537,1561]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Harpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpyja">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFEFEF9CC1D90D04B" box="[341,506,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Harpia harpyja</emphasis>
+(Linnaeus)
+</taxonomicName>
+] in South America, and in another where a minute meliponine was molesting a goliath frog [
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D25FFFAFD5EF9EC1854D06B" authority="(Boulenger)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[757,1086,1569,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Conrauidae" genus="Conraua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goliath">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D25FFFAFD5EF9EC1FCCD06B" box="[757,934,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Conraua goliath</emphasis>
+(Boulenger)
+</taxonomicName>
+] on its eye in
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D25FFFAFF58F98F1D1BD00B" box="[243,369,1601,1625]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
+, W Africa. The latter case would be the first where an amphibian eye was visited by a stingless bee, but there is need of further observations to confirm that it was not an anecdotal, abnormal case. Interestingly, contrary to what one would intuitively expect in birds as sensitive animals, the chicken was the least reactive against the bees sucking from its eyes. Also, the nictitating membrane of the eye did not affect the bees, they just continued sucking, at most briefly retracting their proboscis.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D24FFFBFF7BFF2C1E14D7EB" blockId="9.[160,1169,225,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
+It is important to point out that all these animals (not considering the nonreconfirmed case of the frog) lack sweat, showing that perspiration plays no role in attracting
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFEB2FEEC1DFED76B" box="[281,404,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFEB2FEEC1DFED76B" box="[281,404,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, and that lachryphagy is not an accidental feeding upon sweat. Rather, that
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFE84FE8C1DC0D70B" box="[303,426,322,345]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFE84FE8C1DC0D70B" box="[303,426,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+have developed specialized capabilities to locate and recognize variously shaped eyes of different vertebrates, probably both by vision and olfaction, to harvest their lachrymation. In humans, though, perspiration could play a role in attracting tear collectors from a distance.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D24FFFBFF7BFE0C18FBD20B" blockId="9.[160,1169,225,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
+A problem of bees sucking tears compared with visiting flowers is that animals can be highly mobile. Hence, while the bees avidly imbibe tears, the host may move beyond the homing range of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFE58FDCC1E04D44B" box="[499,622,514,537]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFE58FDCC1E04D44B" box="[499,622,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+which could risk being unable to find her way back. Because of this, there was motivation to assess a bee’s returning range while on lachryphagous duty. This required novel experimental methods, different from conventional ones. One method was to obtain the distance covered by a gently running host (H.B.) while a marked
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFE48FD4C1E52D4CB" box="[483,568,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFE48FD4C1E52D4CB" box="[483,568,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+sucked his tears, from the starting point where she had landed on the waiting host to where she flew off once satiated. The distance run by the host was considered her returning capability, if the same marked bee later came back to the host at the original starting point (where she had been eye visiting for some time already) for another tear-drinking bout. This was repeated with the same marked bee on the host running in the opposite direction. This was required because the nest’s exact position was not known, but must have been somewhere between the two direction ends. The most conservative assumption was a position halfway between the opposite extremes (
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D24FFFBFDB7FC4F1E0ED5CB" box="[540,612,897,921]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="205.0">205 m</quantity>
+and
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D24FFFBFD34FC4F1E82D5C8" box="[671,744,897,922]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
+),
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFD57FC4C1F7ED5CB" box="[764,788,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">i.e</emphasis>
+.,
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+– the distance could not have been less than this. However, on subsequent surveys (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFCC9FC6E1F05D5E8" bold="true" box="[866,879,928,954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, unpubl. data) the nest was found
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+distance from the waiting place, on a limestone rock face
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D24FFFBFBE4FC0F18FAD58B" box="[1103,1168,961,985]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2.2">2.2 m</quantity>
+above ground, a fissure with a tiny tubelet entrance of 4.5
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFC95FC2E1F21D5AB" bold="true" box="[830,843,992,1017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">X</emphasis>
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+. Hence the maximum returning distance must have been up to at least
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+.
+</specimenCount>
+The results are preliminary, the data too limited (
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+9
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFE1AFBEC1DADD26B" box="[433,455,1058,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFE1AFBEC1DADD26B" box="[433,455,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L.</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+</specimenCount>
+furva examined) for statistical analysis. The distance is very high for such a minute bee, possibly an adaptation to feeding from mobile vertebrates.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D24FFFBFF7BFBAC1D35D3AB" blockId="9.[160,1169,225,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
+Are there enough acceptable hosts for
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFD3BFBAC1F61D22B" box="[656,779,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFD3BFBAC1F61D22B" box="[656,779,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+to harvest significant amounts of tear proteins? As suitable potential hosts (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFD2CFB4C1ECAD2CB" box="[647,672,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">i.e</emphasis>
+., cat-size and larger), B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFC1BFB4E1FD7D2C8" bold="true" box="[944,957,1152,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger & B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFB93FB4E182FD2C8" bold="true" box="[1080,1093,1152,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger (2010) mentioned that in
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D24FFFBFE6AFB6F1E41D2EB" box="[449,555,1185,1209]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+there are, conservatively, some 45 medium- to largesized terrestrial mammal species (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFD86FB0F1F35D28B" author="Lekagul, B. & J. A. McNeely" box="[557,863,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref9677" refString="Lekagul, B. & J. A. McNeely. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Kurusapha Ladprao; Bangkok, Thailand; 758 pp." type="book" year="1977">Lekagul & McNeely, 1977</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFCC2FB0F1869D28B" author="Francis, C. M." box="[873,1027,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref9214" refString="Francis, C. M. 2001. A Photographic Guide to Mammals of Thailand & South-east Asia. Asia Books; Bangkok, Thailand; 128 pp." type="book" year="2001">Francis, 2001</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFBA6FB0C18EED28B" author="Parr, J. W. K. & K. Komolphalin & M. Wongkalasin" box="[1037,1156,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref10622" refString="Parr, J. W. K., K. Komolphalin & M. Wongkalasin. 2003. A Guide to the Large Mammals of Thailand. Surapakadee Press; Bangkok, Thailand; 206 pp." type="book" year="2003">Parr, 2003</bibRefCitation>
+), 21 phasianid-sized bird species (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFD8AFB2F1F2BD2AB" author="Lekagul, B. & E. W. Cronin" box="[545,833,1249,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref9649" refString="Lekagul, B. & E. W. Cronin. 1974. Bird Guide of Thailand. Kurusapha Ladprao; Bangkok, Thailand; 324 pp." type="book" year="1974">Lekagul & Cronin, 1974</bibRefCitation>
+), and 24 turtle- to crocodilesized reptilian species (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFE19FACF1E4DD34B" author="Das, I." box="[434,551,1281,1305]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref8940" refString="Das, I. 2010. A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand & South-East Asia. Asia Books Co, Ltd.; Bangkok, Thailand; 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010</bibRefCitation>
+). Several of the hosts are common domestic animals, and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFF72FAEC1D3ED36B" box="[217,340,1314,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFF72FAEC1D3ED36B" box="[217,340,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+occasionally nest in house poles or garden trees. Further, animals are not necessarily on the move all the time but can be site-bound for as long as a plant in flower when rearing their nestlings for weeks. Ruminants lay down chewing for hours. Whereas most modern urban people are unlikely to allow tear snatching, people engaged in hard rural work are less sensitive, and tropical forest natives are so accustomed to mosquito and other scourges that they will tolerate
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFC74FA0C1830D38B" box="[991,1114,1474,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFC74FA0C1830D38B" box="[991,1114,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+as a minor nuisance.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D24FFF8FF7BF9CF1D7AD78B" blockId="9.[160,1169,225,1785]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1168,225,473]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
+Interestingly, in diversity of host spectrum, spanning three vertebrate classes,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFF0BF9EC1D71D06B" box="[160,283,1570,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFF0BF9EC1D71D06B" box="[160,283,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+beat their moth (
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFDB1F9EF1EC7D06B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[538,685,1569,1593]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
+) homologues whose lachryphagy is, essentially, restricted to mammals as the only class. This dearth is not due to lack of data, because tear-drinking moths are comparatively well-researched, discovered already a century ago (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFE17F94C1DB1D0CB" box="[444,475,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">e.g</emphasis>
+., de
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFDB2F94F1ED3D0CB" author="Joannis, J. de" box="[537,697,1665,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="116 - 119" refId="ref9392" refString="Joannis, J. de. 1911. Observations sur les moeurs de quelques Noctuidae (Acontianae) et description d'une espece nouvelle. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique Francaise 16: 116 - 119." type="journal article" year="1911">Joannis, 1911</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFD6CF94F1F91D0CB" author="Buttiker, W. & J. A. Whellan" box="[711,1019,1665,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="24 - 27" refId="ref8646" refString="Buttiker, W. & J. A. Whellan. 1966. Records of eye-frequenting moths from Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 63: 24 - 27." type="journal article" year="1966">Büttiker & Whellan, 1966</bibRefCitation>
+; B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFBB2F94E184CD0C8" bold="true" box="[1049,1062,1664,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger &
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D24FFFBFF0BF96F1D23D0EB" author="W. Buttiker" box="[160,329,1697,1721]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="53 - 58" refId="ref8413" refString="B a nziger, H. & W. Buttiker. 1969. Records of eye-frequenting Lepidoptera from man. Journal of Medical Entomology 6 (1): 53 - 58." type="journal article" year="1969">Büttiker, 1969</bibRefCitation>
+; B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFEC3F96E1D1FD0E8" bold="true" box="[360,373,1696,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, 1988, 1995) and counting more than 100 species in seven families (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFE88F90E1D5AD088" bold="true" box="[291,304,1728,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, 2021: p 67, 191). An important difference to
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D24FFFBFC10F90C185CD08B" box="[955,1078,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D24FFFBFC10F90C185CD08B" box="[955,1078,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is that being nocturnal reduces visual detection by their hosts and, due to drowsiness, the hosts’ alertness and tactile sensitivity. This allows far larger sizes in these moths (up to
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D27FFF8FF6BFECF1D79D74B" box="[192,275,257,281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 mm</quantity>
+wingspan in notodontid
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FDE3FECF1FE8D74B" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" box="[584,898,257,281]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Tarsolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remicauda">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FDE3FECF1F46D74B" box="[584,812,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tarsolepis remicauda</emphasis>
+Butler
+</taxonomicName>
+), and more aggressive behaviour. Some species can cause pain to eyes due, not to their proboscis, which apically is relatively soft but, as photographically documented, mainly by clawing of the eyelid (
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D27FFF8FE88FEAF1DE6D72B" box="[291,396,353,377]" captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="10.[160,241,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[164,1163,515,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-115@10.[164,1163,510,1619]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 6–9. Tear-drinking stingless bees and moths. 6. Lisotrigona furva Engel drinking tears from the eye of a chicken. 7. Lisotrigona furva imbibing flowed-down tears from the eye of an elongated tortoise [Indotestudo elongata (Blyh)]. 8, 9. Drepanid moth Chaeopsestis ludovicae Le Cerf imbing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. Note the moth’s foretarsi clawing the eyelid (arrows in photo 8, lines in drawing 9). Modified from H. Bӓnziger (1992). Scale bars 6 mm. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670068/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
+). In drepanid
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FD99FEAF1FEDD72B" authority="Le Cerf" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1941" box="[562,903,353,377]" class="Insecta" family="Drepanidae" genus="Chaeopsestis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludovicae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FD99FEAF1F4CD72B" box="[562,806,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chaeopsestis ludovicae</emphasis>
+Le Cerf
+</taxonomicName>
+, wingspan
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D27FFF8FBA6FEAF180AD72B" box="[1037,1120,353,377]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
+, the foretarsi alone of
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D27FFF8FEC5FE4F1DAFD7CB" box="[366,453,385,409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
+length is much longer than the entire body length of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FB90FE4C18FAD7CB" box="[1083,1168,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FB90FE4C18FAD7CB" box="[1083,1168,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D27FFF8FF0CFE6F1D5BD7EB" box="[167,305,417,441]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.7">2.7‒3.3 mm</quantity>
+; in
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D27FFF8FEF0FE6F1DF1D7EB" box="[347,411,417,441]" captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="10.[160,241,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[164,1163,515,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-115@10.[164,1163,510,1619]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 6–9. Tear-drinking stingless bees and moths. 6. Lisotrigona furva Engel drinking tears from the eye of a chicken. 7. Lisotrigona furva imbibing flowed-down tears from the eye of an elongated tortoise [Indotestudo elongata (Blyh)]. 8, 9. Drepanid moth Chaeopsestis ludovicae Le Cerf imbing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. Note the moth’s foretarsi clawing the eyelid (arrows in photo 8, lines in drawing 9). Modified from H. Bӓnziger (1992). Scale bars 6 mm. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670068/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
+the foretarsi may appear shorter but this is due to their inclined position).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<caption id="DF0866131D27FFF8FF0BF9911DC3D15A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14670068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670068/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[160,241,1631,1653]" targetBox="[164,1163,515,1619]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D27FFF8FF0BF9911DC3D15A" blockId="10.[160,1168,1631,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FF0BF9911D4ED026" bold="true" box="[160,292,1631,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 6–9.</emphasis>
+Tear-drinking stingless bees and moths.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FD4EF9911E9DD026" bold="true" box="[741,759,1631,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6.</emphasis>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FD54F9AE1F85D027" authority="Engel" authorityName="Engel" box="[767,1007,1631,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FD54F9AE1FC0D027" box="[767,938,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lisotrigona furva</emphasis>
+Engel
+</taxonomicName>
+drinking tears from the eye of a chicken.
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FE6AF9B31DBED0C0" bold="true" box="[449,468,1661,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.</emphasis>
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FE70F9B31EEFD0C0" box="[475,645,1661,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FE70F9B31EEFD0C0" box="[475,645,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lisotrigona furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+imbibing flowed-down tears from the eye of an elongated tortoise [
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FEC0F9541E14D0E2" authority="(Blyh)" baseAuthorityName="Blyh" box="[363,638,1690,1712]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Indotestudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FEC0F9541E5ED0FD" box="[363,564,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indotestudo elongata</emphasis>
+(Blyh)
+</taxonomicName>
+].
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FD26F9541EDCD0FD" bold="true" box="[653,694,1690,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8, 9.</emphasis>
+Drepanid moth
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D27FFF8FCC9F95418FAD0E2" authority="Le Cerf" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1941" box="[866,1168,1690,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Drepanidae" genus="Chaeopsestis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludovicae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FCC9F9541857D0FD" box="[866,1085,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chaeopsestis ludovicae</emphasis>
+Le Cerf
+</taxonomicName>
+imbing tears from the eye of H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FDAEF9781E7BD09F" bold="true" box="[517,529,1718,1741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger in self-portrait. Note the moth’s foretarsi clawing the eyelid (arrows in photo 8, lines in drawing 9). Modified from H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FCC5F91D1F10D0B8" bold="true" box="[878,890,1747,1770]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger (1992). Scale bars 6 mm. Photos H. B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D27FFF8FEFFF93F1D0AD15A" bold="true" box="[340,352,1777,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<subSubSection id="C36D65101D26FFF9FE68FF2F1DF0D2AB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D26FFF9FE68FF2F1F06D6AB" blockId="11.[451,876,225,249]" box="[451,876,225,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
+<heading id="D08081F71D26FFF9FE68FF2F1F06D6AB" box="[451,876,225,249]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">Medical and Veterinary Significance</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D26FFF9FF7BFEEF1CB2D54B" blockId="11.[160,1169,289,1273]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
+The feeding from such a wide host spectrum in three vertebrate classes, some as domestic animals in close vicinity to humans, can have medical and veterinary implications. Previously, stingless bees most likely to pose a health danger were necrophagous and filth visiting species in
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D26FFF9FD0EFE4C1EB6D7CB" box="[677,732,386,409]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Peru</collectingCountry>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FD46FE4F1838D7CB" author="Baumgartner, D. L. & D. W. Roubik" box="[749,1106,385,409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref8601" refString="Baumgartner, D. L. & D. W. Roubik. 1989. Ecology of necrophilous and filth-gathering stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) in Peru. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62 (1): 11 - 22." type="journal article" year="1989">Baumgartner & Roubik, 1989</bibRefCitation>
+), but these bees were considered of only minimal danger as vectors of pathogens because their species richness and abundance was highest in asynanthropic areas (lacking human settlements), and they did not settle on humans to feed.
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FC02FE2C184ED7AB" box="[937,1060,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FC02FE2C184ED7AB" box="[937,1060,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are both synanthropic and asynanthropic. Not only can they settle on humans in numbers, but tend to do so repeatedly and, significantly, at a very exposed site for pathogen entrance (see below), viz. the ocular surface with the conjunctiva of the lids. Transmission could occur via contact of the bees’ foretarsi and proboscis applied to the lid’s conjunctiva, the proboscis also reaching into the trough between the conjunctiva and eye ball and, occasionally, brief direct contact with the eye ball. The antennae also touch from time to time the ocular surfaces. Importantly,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FD2CFD0C1EB4D48B" box="[647,734,705,729]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FD2CFD0C1EB4D48B" box="[647,734,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FCB6FD0C1FEED48B" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[797,900,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FCB6FD0C1FEED48B" box="[797,900,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. cacciae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+exhibited readiness to use multiple hosts, viz. zebu-man and man-dog, respectively (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FC33FD2E1FCFD4A8" bold="true" box="[920,933,736,762]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FC53FD2C184CD4AB" box="[1016,1062,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
+., 2009: p 141).
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D26FFF9FF7BFCEF1E54D58B" blockId="11.[160,1169,289,1273]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
+Potentially,
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FECAFCEC1DB6D56B" box="[353,476,802,825]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FECAFCEC1DB6D56B" box="[353,476,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+could pose a danger similar to eye gnats (
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FC47FCEF18EED56B" box="[1004,1156,801,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
+), suspected vectors of the bacterium
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FDE5FC8F1F3FD50B" authorityName="Winslow et al." authorityYear="1917" baseAuthorityName="Lehmann & Neumann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[590,853,833,857]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Pasteurellaceae" genus="Haemophilus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Pasteurellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="influenzae">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FDE5FC8F1F3FD50B" box="[590,853,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Haemophilus influenzae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+biogroup
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FC7DFC8C1854D50B" box="[982,1086,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">aegyptius</emphasis>
+(Hae), which causes conjunctivitis in human and, in virulent forms, Brazilian Purpuric Fever, which is highly lethal to young children (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FD56FC4C1F76D5CB" box="[765,796,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">e.g</emphasis>
+.,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FC9FFC4F18EED5CB" author="Paganelli, C. H. & C. W. Sabrosky" box="[820,1156,897,921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="165 - 174" refId="ref10577" refString="Paganelli, C. H. & C. W. Sabrosky. 1993. Hippelates flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) possibly associated with Brazilian purpuric fever. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 95 (2): 165 - 174." type="journal article" year="1993">Paganelli & Sabrosky, 1993</bibRefCitation>
+). More recently,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FEF8FC6F1E4ED5EB" author="Miner, J. J. & A. Sene & J. M. Richner & A. M. Smith & A. Santeford & N. Ban & J. Weger-Lucarelli & F. Manzella & C. Ruckert & J. Govero & K. K. Noguchi & G. D. Ebel & M. S. Diamond & R. S. Apte" box="[339,548,929,953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="3208 - 3218" refId="ref10223" refString="Miner, J. J., A. Sene, J. M. Richner, A. M. Smith, A. Santeford, N. Ban, J. Weger-Lucarelli, F. Manzella, C. Ruckert, J. Govero, K. K. Noguchi, G. D. Ebel, M. S. Diamond & R. S. Apte. 2016. Zika virus infection in mice causes panuveitis with shedding of virus in tears. Cell Reports 16: 3208 - 3218." type="journal article" year="2016">
+Miner
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FE09FC6C1DA5D5EB" box="[418,463,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
+. (2016)
+</bibRefCitation>
+found the Zika virus to cause eye inflammation and shedding of the virus in mice tears.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D26FFF9FF7BFC2F1DF0D2AB" blockId="11.[160,1169,289,1273]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
+Of particular significance is ophthalmologist
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FD5FFC2F1FC1D5AB" author="Coroneo, M. T." box="[756,939,993,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="176 - 182" refId="ref8897" refString="Coroneo, M. T. 2021. The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection. The Ocular Surface 19: 176 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jtos. 2020.05.011" type="journal article" year="2021">Coroneo (2021)</bibRefCitation>
+who reviewed the evidence that ocular and periocular tissue in human may be uniquely placed as an entry portal for viral invasion and primary site of virus replication. Also, he drew attention that Dr. Li Wenliang, the whistle-blower who warned about the outbreak of COVID-
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D26FFF9FEA8FBAF1D56D22B" box="[259,316,1121,1145]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="19.0">19 in</quantity>
+late 2019 and subsequently died from it, was an ophthalmologist who probably got infected by SARS-CoV-2 via the eyes in Wuhan,
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D26FFF9FC32FB4F1F89D2CB" box="[921,995,1153,1177]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">China</collectingCountry>
+. In retrospect, although H.B. (2018) assessed the risk of pathogen transmission by lachryphagous
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D26FFF9FF0BFB0C1D71D28B" box="[160,283,1218,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FF0BFB0C1D71D28B" box="[160,283,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+as remote, his decision to be sole experimenter during his field study, was, after all, appropriate.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="C36D65101D26FFFEFE8AFAEF1E22D34B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D26FFF9FE8AFAEF1864D36B" blockId="11.[289,1038,1313,1337]" box="[289,1038,1313,1337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
+<heading id="D08081F71D26FFF9FE8AFAEF1864D36B" box="[289,1038,1313,1337]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">Possible Origin and Evolution of Lachryphagy in Stingless Bees</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8BC8369B1D26FFFEFF68FAAC1E22D34B" blockId="11.[160,1168,1377,1785]" lastBlockId="12.[160,1168,225,1306]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
+It has been proposed that tear collecting in stingless bees may have originated in connection with humans (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FE4DFA4E1D99D3C8" bold="true" box="[486,499,1408,1434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, 2018) because, unique among vertebrates (except amphibians and hippopotamuses) in producing significant amounts of perspiration, they are visited by sweat-sucking meliponines, at times in large and diverse assemblages. Among these, the minute-sized species were preadapted to develop tear collectors, thanks to their reduced visibility, weaker mechanical impact, and gentler feeding act, such that some of the tiniest species have evolved behaviours to snatch lachrymation without much disturbance. Moreover, a feature may have facilitated bee-human contact: meliponine nests in limestone hollows entered through fissures in rock faces (B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FEF4F94E1D06D0C8" bold="true" box="[351,364,1664,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger & B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FE59F94E1D95D0C8" bold="true" box="[498,511,1664,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger, 2010; B
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FD18F94E1EAAD0C8" bold="true" box="[691,704,1664,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ӓ</emphasis>
+nziger
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FCBEF94C1F2CD0CB" box="[789,838,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
+. 2011). The many
+<typeStatus id="54CC88391D26FFF9FB85F94C1804D0C8" box="[1070,1134,1666,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
+of meliponine nests are otherwise well-known (
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D26FFF9FD6AF96C1E8AD0EB" box="[705,736,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">e.g</emphasis>
+.,
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FD5CF96F187FD0EB" author="Wille, A. & C. C. Michener" box="[759,1045,1697,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref11412" refString="Wille, A. & C. C. Michener. 1973. The nest architecture of stingless bees with special reference to those of Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, supplement 1, 21: 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1973">Wille & Michener, 1973</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FB88F96F1D3AD08B" author="Camargo, J. M. F. & S. M. R. Pedro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="311 - 372" refId="ref8675" refString="Camargo, J. M. F. & S. M. R. Pedro. 2003. Meliponini neotropicais: O genero Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae) - bionomia e biogeografia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47 (3): 311 - 372." type="journal article" year="2003">Camargo & Pedro, 2003</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FEF4F90C1EADD08B" author="Rasmussen, C & J. M. F. Camargo" box="[351,711,1729,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="102 - 118" refId="ref10755" refString="Rasmussen, C & J. M. F. Camargo. 2008. A molecular phylogeny and the evoloution of nest architecture and behavior in Trigona s. s. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Apidologie 39: 102 - 118." type="journal article" year="2008">Rasmussen & Camargo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FD7DF90F1F1FD08B" author="Roubik, D. W." box="[726,885,1729,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="124 - 143" refId="ref10901" refString="Roubik, D. W. 2006. Stingless bee nesting biology. Apidologie 37: 124 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">Roubik, 2006</bibRefCitation>
+) overwhelmingly from the neotropics, but some also from
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D26FFF9FDE9F92F1EC6D0AB" box="[578,684,1761,1785]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FD10F92F1F2ED0AB" author="Inson, C." box="[699,836,1761,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref9326" refString="Inson, C. 2006. Diversity of stingless bees (Apidae: Trigona spp. and Hypotrigona spp.) and their resin and gum collecting behavior from nature in Golden Jubilee Thong Pha Phoom Project, Thong Pha Phoom District, Kanchanaburi Province. M. Sc. thesis, Kasetsart University; Bangkok, Thailand; 127 pp [in Thai]." type="book" year="2006">Inson, 2006</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D26FFF9FCE4F92F185FD0AB" author="Khamyotchai, K." box="[847,1077,1761,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref9549" refString="Khamyotchai, K. 2014. Nest entrance architecture, adult morphology and DNA: a new approach to the taxonomy of Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith) species complex (Apidae: Meliponini). M. Sc. Thesis; Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 50 pp [in Thai]." type="book" year="2014">Khamyotchai, 2014</bibRefCitation>
+), not so nests in limestone fissures. But in some natural habitats of W and N
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D21FFFEFC48FF2F1825D6AB" box="[995,1103,225,249]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
+, H.B. has found more stingless bee nests in limestone faces than in tree trunks – at least 12 meliponine species, from the smallest to the largest. Early humans frequented or lived in limestone caves for generations already
+<superScript id="7C029BD31D21FFFEFD7EFE8F1E92D71C" attach="none" box="[725,760,320,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">105</superScript>
+‒
+<superScript id="7C029BD31D21FFFEFCADFE8F1F4DD71C" attach="left" box="[774,807,320,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">106</superScript>
+years ago when, thanks to this close vicinity, lachryphagy may have originated in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFCBFFEAC1FE5D72B" box="[788,911,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFCBFFEAC1FE5D72B" box="[788,911,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+or her ancestors. An alternative to this two step (first sweat, then tears) hypothesis might be an earlier, 30‒70 million years ago (mya), direct attraction to eyes of birds or mammals as a source of moisture during geologically periods of drier climate. Whether due to periodical water or salt constraints, in the course of time tear-drinking could have evolved into a year-round feeding habit, thanks to the tears’ reliable content of ready-to-digest dissolved proteins as nutrition.
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFE03FDEF1E25D46B" author="Roubik, D. W." box="[424,591,545,569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="231 - 256" refId="ref10921" refString="Roubik, D. W. 2023. Stingless bee (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) ecology. Annual Review of Entomology 68: 231 - 256." type="journal article" year="2023">Roubik (2023)</bibRefCitation>
+expanded on this and conjectured a yet earlier possible lachryphagy when meliponines might have recruited nestmates to dinosaur eyes in late Cretaceous times (90 mya). Stingless bees have been detected in amber dating back 95‒70 mya (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFE13FD4F1E93D4CB" author="Michener, C. & D. A. Grimaldi" box="[440,761,641,665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref10161" refString="Michener, C. D & D. A. Grimaldi. 1988. A Trigona from late Cretaceous amber of New Jersey (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). American Museum Novitates 2917: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1988">Michener & Grimaldi, 1988</bibRefCitation>
+) and were therefore contemporary with the late dinosaurs. Perhaps, because in those early times flowering plants were still uncommon – notwithstanding the then already presence of gymnosperms which produce pollen, though theirs is mostly wind-dispersed – primitive meliponines’ diet may have consisted substantially of animal-derived proteins, including tears. Yet, all three proposals could be correct. Lachryphagy may have been developed, lost and redeveloped more than once by
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFDC0FC8C1E8CD50B" box="[619,742,834,857]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFDC0FC8C1E8CD50B" box="[619,742,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lisotrigona</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and her ancestors, not necessarily phylogenetically related, during the 90 mya years since the appearance of stingless bees. For comparison, cleptoparasitism originated at least four times in
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFC03FC4F1D63D5EB" authority="(Cardinal et al., 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Cardinal" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
+Apidae (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFBA5FC4F1D6BD5EB" author="Cardinal, S. & J. Straka & B. N. Danforth" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="16207 - 16211" refId="ref8778" refString="Cardinal, S., J. Straka, & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 107 (37): 16207 - 16211." type="journal article" year="2010">
+Cardinal
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFBD6FC4C1CD9D5EB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
+., 2010
+</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+. Interestingly, whereas minuteness appears to be a
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFCCCFC6C1F85D5EB" box="[871,1007,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sine qua non</emphasis>
+condition for developing lachryphagy, not all minute meliponines exhibit tear-drinking habits. The smallest exponent of the widespread and species-rich genus
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFCDBFC2F1823D5AB" authority="Moure" authorityName="Moure" authorityYear="1961" box="[880,1097,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFCDBFC2F1F98D5AB" box="[880,1010,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetragonula</emphasis>
+Moure
+</taxonomicName>
+is the tiny
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFF73FBCC1DE8D24B" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[216,386,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobalteata">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFF73FBCC1DE8D24B" box="[216,386,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. fuscobalteata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, head width
+<quantity id="4C8F9B7E1D21FFFEFD8EFBCF1EA2D24B" box="[549,712,1025,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4249999999999998" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.4249999999999998" valueMax="1.46" valueMin="1.39">1.39‒1.46 mm</quantity>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFD71FBCF1FFDD24B" author="Sakagami, S. F." box="[730,919,1025,1049]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="165 - 247" refId="ref11035" refString="Sakagami, S. F. 1978. Tetragonula stingless bees of the continental Asia and Sri Lanka (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido University, Serie VI, Zoology 21: 165 - 247." type="journal article" year="1978">Sakagami, 1978</bibRefCitation>
+), hence only slightly larger than
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFE9BFBEC1DE2D26B" box="[304,392,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFE9BFBEC1DE2D26B" box="[304,392,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. furva</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. It is one of six species of
+<taxonomicName id="4C774D181D21FFFEFD7EFBEF1F3DD26B" authorityName="Moure" authorityYear="1961" box="[725,855,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFD7EFBEF1F3DD26B" box="[725,855,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetragonula</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+frequently found to suck sweat from H.B. (
+<figureCitation id="134C2A1E1D21FFFEFEC4FB8F1DD8D20B" box="[367,434,1089,1113]" captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="7.[160,241,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[160,1168,230,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-107@7.[157,1171,224,1253]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 3–5. Tear and sweat-drinking stingless bees. 3. Seven workers of Lisotrigona cacciae (Nurse) imbibing tears from the eye of H. Bӓnziger in self-portrait. The orange-marked bee (arrow) is on the 21st of her 74 visits of her second day of lachryphagy. 4. Pinned specimen of L. furva Engel with large corbicular pollen loads. 5. Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron) (left) and L. furva (right) sucking sweat on wrist of H. Bӓnziger. Note slightly larger T. fuscobalteata with whitish bands on mesosoma (lacking in L. furva), and yellowish-brown metasoma (blackish in L. furva). Scale bar 2 mm, except 3 mm in Fig. 3. Photos H. Bӓnziger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14670065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14670065/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
+), but never his tears, nor are we aware of any report of an eye visitation from anywhere, although it is common and wide-spread, from mainland SE Asia to Sumatra, Borneo, the
+<collectingCountry id="F360760B1D21FFFEFDB4FB4F1EC2D2CB" box="[543,680,1153,1177]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
+, and Sulawesi (
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFCCBFB4F1861D2CB" author="Schwarz, H. F." box="[864,1035,1153,1177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="83 - 141" refId="ref11079" refString="Schwarz, H. F. 1939. The Indo-Malayan species of Trigona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 76: 83 - 141." type="journal article" year="1939">Schwarz, 1939</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFBBDFB4F1CB2D2EB" author="Sakagami, S. F." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="165 - 247" refId="ref11035" refString="Sakagami, S. F. 1978. Tetragonula stingless bees of the continental Asia and Sri Lanka (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido University, Serie VI, Zoology 21: 165 - 247." type="journal article" year="1978">Sakagami, 1978</bibRefCitation>
+; Rasmussen, 2008;
+<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6A1D21FFFEFE6EFB6C1E17D2EB" author="Lee, S. & R. K. Duwal & W. Lee" box="[453,637,1185,1209]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="947 - 961" refId="ref9606" refString="Lee, S., R. K. Duwal & W. Lee. 2016. Diversity of stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) from Cambodia and Laos. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 19: 947 - 961." type="journal article" year="2016">
+Lee
+<emphasis id="B903EA891D21FFFEFE51FB6C1E41D2EB" box="[506,555,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
+., 2016
+</bibRefCitation>
+). This is interpreted as a further indication that lachryphagy is not a simple uptake of fluid, but a result of special behavioural adaptations developed only by a select group of stingless bees for harvesting tears under the very eyes of their victims.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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+<mods:identifier id="EFDCFC34F8D3ED34C7430A1467C74341" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="123371FA83FE50F08AE4553EF3F4D851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013495" ID-arpha="123371FA-83FE-50F0-8AE4-553EF3F4D851" ID-mycobank="856342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123371FA83FE50F08AE4553EF3F4D851" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/123371FA83FE50F08AE4553EF3F4D851">
+<subSubSection id="EF6DCC65C97E8F25454ED5A410235C84" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="293E911FEB80A225429DE06125DDE1E2">
+<taxonomicName id="287D236548B787870B46AC036E24E1BA" authority="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hyphodontiaceae" genus="Kneiffiella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bubalina" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="EE62956ABFA224E04DF0C6849E1832E1" italics="true">Kneiffiella bubalina</emphasis>
+J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5C37D1CC14AA01B96A61C713411BA91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="CAC978283C8A4A3F1AF24C86CAEE7006" type="description">
+<paragraph id="740EB3A4C1C3FF19F428A0E03842EF2E">
+<figureCitation id="9AC13BE5ED5BF8B3012EE8C74997B54D" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 11. Basidiomata of Kneiffiella bubalina (holotype, CLZhao 15708) A the front of the basidiomata B characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278303">Figs 11</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="A7BFBE2CE6D30266784FF949CD014E7A" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 12. Microscopic structures of Kneiffiella bubalina (holotype, CLZhao 15708) A basidiospores B basidia and basidioles C cystidia D a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (A); 10 μm (B – D); 10 × 100 oil." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278304">12</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E3TMM" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="DC6317D81020E38EA33229F2DEB80316">
+<heading id="53A2287945621B6FE8B69ABB18A02E51" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="1D7F60D82BC97DBD1B4A965969F2BBF2">
+<taxonomicName id="F516621E97C228A44AE54126FDC39852" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Kneiffiella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bubalina">
+<emphasis id="06A025BA97F18D8112AF88207FB7B6B2" italics="true">Kneiffiella bubalina</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from
+<taxonomicName id="2A323631AD0C9DE4CDE917A5E072E068" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Kneiffiella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subalutacea">
+<emphasis id="325F7F89763E80377727A6F6915D706B" italics="true">K. subalutacea</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+by its cream basidiomata and cylindrical to slightly allantoid basidiospores.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="711B21311306E8D7A442D64CF2343548" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure11" ID-arpha="8B7849AA-82CC-50E7-8884-966E1B2ADC9F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278303" startId="F8">
+<paragraph id="99CDEA7CA592FBAE0D4663DDFDCFF6C5">
+<label id="E2E1DD1B5305A0A73DA00CA7F18A26D3">Figure 11.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="A53FAD4EB59B6752AD213E71F4D51D5B">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="C620A1E2D26A806BCEB2BD5E0B0A40D6" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Kneiffiella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bubalina">
+<emphasis id="D20C1281343E8DD89130E451312211A1" italics="true">Kneiffiella bubalina</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 15708)
+<emphasis id="F80005805A201C19DED3A60A9ABA5AC0" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+the front of the basidiomata
+<emphasis id="8DDDF7A567788F223D10CAAC072D01B2" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (
+<emphasis id="6449EA0C9417CFA726C25AA57ADFF96A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 1 mm (
+<emphasis id="6D90618A5E53A90DCEDAB2A248A85766" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EYVMM" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="20FA4BB84842D567AD260593EF763F39">
+<heading id="200BC9C65AD356A0D1B7F812EC56DCB4" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="CD3F95164193207F931F4B74EF9B397B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="C81FBE785FA13E4EAC5DF4173A2E9809">
+<materialsCitation id="89319936078996A830EFC62B3333FDE1" collectingDate="2019-07-22" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Xichou County" elevation="1730" latitude="23.883333" location="Jiguanshan Forestry Park" municipality="Wenshan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="8D6BFCF6360A599DA7F6C0EC212B2D2E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="D90ADBCAC168297E43DEDEB8D7F77B3D" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="BB71329413B4C4040EBFB2E2AC40CFF6">Wenshan</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="8E88FDE9369808F4F118E57A499B98CC">Xichou County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="2A02F2B218D002E15D6E079C00338DB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123371FA83FE50F08AE4553EF3F4D851:2A02F2B218D002E15D6E079C00338DB3" country="China" county="Xichou County" latitude="23.883333" municipality="Wenshan" name="Jiguanshan Forestry Park" stateProvince="Yunnan">Jiguanshan Forestry Park</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EBWMM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[105.366667,23.883333]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="AC2570148C9738C5E8D4715C66D9A48B" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.883333">23 ° 53 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+, 104 ° 82 ' E
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="3FDA8A40BC2A6E8561230ABD03EDEACD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" unit="m" value="1730.0">
+<quantity id="F03CDCAFE31A7B026AF2C1845629032F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" unit="m" value="1730.0">1730 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm branch,
+<date id="2AFC54B559B8850E500336E96AE5CFA8" value="2019-07-22">
+<collectingDate id="50221A88ADBD374B3BB382C30B1591A2" value="2019-07-22">22 July 2019</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 15708 (
+<collectionCode id="F6117F68A37CC895A9DDE8AE090BAE0C" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="CE16472015E8D552570636E78D92C34D" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure12" ID-arpha="CAE29AFE-13ED-574C-B126-920AFA7117FC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278304" startId="F9">
+<paragraph id="35EBCC8823AF4914684F54D45290D790">
+<label id="C36D3F50FD40B192E666FA3A096C388A">Figure 12.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="4816A1771A6CF1252FF5E7136C4C54ED">
+Microscopic structures of
+<taxonomicName id="773FDABBF98D0E66B21099303A370F4A" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Kneiffiella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bubalina">
+<emphasis id="DEAA3AB4B039B3DFB6058726A11F67F4" italics="true">Kneiffiella bubalina</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 15708)
+<emphasis id="A5414F563FE2298F231927A33D342787" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="F3F31266F94CDF01DA2493BA9D53F719" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+basidia and basidioles
+<emphasis id="771BDBFA52F4A43D4B0BCF9DCEC1B83D" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+cystidia
+<emphasis id="B2D57A615B869472210AF1CD164EF969" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (
+<emphasis id="7E020B1155985696DC6A8DD54588B70C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 10 μm (
+<emphasis id="F896892E829F347DF7382D75093FCD26" bold="true">B – D</emphasis>
+); 10 × 100 oil.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EKXMM" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="90C0B5CF20C6809F25D52A65278BF529">
+<heading id="BA6030894C498CDB997DBF9CEBC2492E" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="9EECF29EDC5739ED071E1944FC5AA955">
+<taxonomicName id="2D66E156F86B08FE7C5EE5A73EB20E22" authority="(Lat.)" baseAuthorityName="Lat." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Kneiffiella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bubalina">
+<emphasis id="0C88D1A23BC6143B0128361FC642FBE6" italics="true">Bubalina</emphasis>
+(Lat.)
+</taxonomicName>
+refers to its buff-colored hymenial surface.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EXXMM" type="description">
+<paragraph id="22558FC4DBDD0B102D9704D7C44F6C05">
+<heading id="25D03CF472AEE2EF75AE7C14CC13944F" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="B8AB60B5FE5C5F5926B054C7BBEA35DC">
+<emphasis id="E2F81F76B90B81F19858676A92B0AC6C" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="D0A4B7C5D1A5F7BD8D16CC54278778C3" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiomata</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Annual, resupinate, smooth, membranous, without odor or taste when fresh, up to
+<quantity id="7E9F2E78EEF7BD21156FBA99F976E08D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="4E585FF7AAF3DFEAD2D052AD254D8263" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
+wide, and
+<quantity id="EA86959EBC09351BAE2E7CE5698E9703" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
+thick. Hymenial surface araneose, white to cream when fresh, buff when dry. Sterile margin thin, indistinct, slightly buff, up to
+<quantity id="8C5EC93A8C696F140B96E14D0E10E20A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="1FE70FE3831C3371B07F9FB2AD9854E0">
+<emphasis id="0C6EB84789600050882D846BA756A61B" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="3259C2C0217C6BD508463187FCB0AB39" bold="true" italics="true">Hyphal system</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, interwoven,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJYMM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENYMM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="3FED0FE8A90745F3CEF79F1DDAE348E4" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–, 2.5–3.5 μm in diam; tissues unchanged in
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERYMM" xlink_title="5% potassium hydroxide">KOH</abbrev>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="6E91F7D6E95B8EB15CD0E6F432B16529">
+<emphasis id="289CC5E66D2144B961D900251C0EC763" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="0A14421AA4CD2EE52B548D7CA29BB8AB" bold="true" italics="true">Hymenium</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Cystidia numerous, tubular, rising from subiculum with a basal clamp connection, hyaline, thick-walled except in the apical part, smooth, 103.5–162.5 × 6.0–8.0 μm; cystidioles absent. Basidia club-shaped, slight constriction in the middle part, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 10.0–14.0 × 4.5–5.0 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
+<emphasis id="97DB927CA3389EC4B51A6F1032B9068E" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="C4F4479DD7CE7E52F2FABEC72EB1F188" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiospores</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Cylindrical to slightly allantoid, slightly narrower in apical part, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAZMM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEZMM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="66E825A9ACDC2709C05DA152423A144D" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–, 8.0–8.9 (– 9.1) × (1.7 –) 1.8–2.3 (– 2.6) μm, L = 8.41 μm, W = 2.03 μm, Q = 4.15 (n = 30 / 1).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..090ffa254e1
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+<emphasis id="98E0EAC1FF8B066AEE9CFADDE770EC6D" bold="true" box="[136,354,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">Asplenium sylvestre</emphasis>
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+</taxonomicName>
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+<emphasis id="98E0EAC1FF8B066AEC7FFADAE4C0EC6D" box="[619,722,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="83D357BAFF8B066AEC7FFADAE4C0EC6D" box="[619,722,1292,1315]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</emphasis>
+for
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+<emphasis id="98E0EAC1FF8B066AECEAFADDE5F5EC6D" box="[766,999,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">Asplenium sylvaticum</emphasis>
+<bibRefCitation id="CE054B22FF8B066AEDFAFADDE359EC6D" author="Arana, M. D. & Ganem, M. A. & Giudice, G. E. & Luna, M. L." box="[1006,1355,1291,1315]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" refId="ref707" refString="Arana, M. D., Ganem, M. A., Giudice, G. E. & Luna, M. L. (2024) Asplenium sylvaticum (Aspleniaceae), a new fern species from Yungas and Parana forests, Neotropical region. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 96 (2): e 20231015. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202420231015" type="journal volume" year="2024">Arana, Ganem & Luna (2024: 3)</bibRefCitation>
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+<typeStatus id="752F8871FF8B066AEE9CFAE7E6ABEC08" box="[136,185,1329,1350]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">Type</typeStatus>
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+<collectingDate id="CE6EE9FBFF8B066AEF51FA83E7D1EC24" box="[325,451,1365,1387]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" value="2011-05-24">24 may 2011</collectingDate>
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+<collectionCode id="CC85AE16FF8B066AED81FA83E5DAEC24" box="[917,968,1365,1386]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">JUA</collectionCode>
+!
+</materialsCitation>
+,
+<materialsCitation id="1AFC3C8EFF8B066AEDC1FA80E262EC24" box="[981,1136,1365,1387]" collectingDate="2011-05-24" collectionCode="RCVC" collectorName="A. Ganem & L. Luna & M. Arana" country="Argentina" elevation="1630" latitude="-23.684166" location="Calilegua National Park, Aguada del Tigre" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.89444" municipality="Libertador General San Martin" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="isotype">
+<typeStatus id="752F8871FF8B066AEDC1FA80E20EEC25" box="[981,1052,1366,1387]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
+<collectionCode id="CC85AE16FF8B066AEA36FA83E27EEC24" box="[1058,1132,1365,1386]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">RCVC</collectionCode>
+!
+</materialsCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="E28E6558FF8B066AEE9CFAAFE5B9ECC0" box="[136,939,1401,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" type="reference_group">
+<paragraph id="AA2B36D3FF8B066AEE9CFAAFE5B9ECC0" blockId="0.[136,1452,1291,1531]" box="[136,939,1401,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">
+Blocking name:—
+<taxonomicName id="6D944D50FF8B066AEF2DFAAFE5B5ECC0" authority="(Bory 1804: 282 - 283) C. Presl (1825: 42)" authorityName="C. Presl" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Bory" baseAuthorityPageNumber="282 - 283" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[313,935,1401,1423]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" genus="Asplenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvaticum">
+<emphasis id="98E0EAC1FF8B066AEF2DFAAFE419ECC0" box="[313,523,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">Asplenium sylvaticum</emphasis>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="CE054B22FF8B066AEC03FAAFE4F3ECC0" author="Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M." box="[535,737,1401,1422]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" refId="ref784" refString="Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M. (1804) Voyage dans les quatre principales iles des mers d'Afrique fait par ordre du gouvernement, pendant les annees neuf et dix de la Republique (1801 et 1802). Paris, F. Buisson. Available from: https: // books. google. com. ar / books? id = LRlnAAAAcAAJ & printsec = frontcover & hl = es & source = gbs _ ge _ summary _ r & cad = 0 # v = onepage & q & f = false (accessed 7" type="url" year="1804">Bory 1804: 282–283</bibRefCitation>
+) C.
+<bibRefCitation id="CE054B22FF8B066AED1DFAAFE5B5ECC0" author="Presl, C. B." box="[777,935,1401,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref1136" refString="Presl, C. B. (1825) Reliquiae Haenkeanae, seu Descriptiones et Icones Plantarum, quas in America Meridionali et Boreali, in Insulis Philippinis et Marianis collegit, Tomus 1, Fasciculus 1. Calve, J. G., Prague, pp. iii - xv, 1 - 84. pl. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1825">Presl (1825: 42)</bibRefCitation>
+</taxonomicName>
+.
+</paragraph>
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+<paragraph id="AA2B36D3FF8B066AEE9CFA4BE750EC98" blockId="0.[136,1452,1291,1531]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">
+Type:—
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+. Mauritius, Piton du milieu, Ile de France,
+<emphasis id="98E0EAC1FF8B066AED56FA4BE2D9ECFC" box="[834,1227,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">J.B.G.M. Bory de Saint-Vincent 1847</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="752F8871FF8B066AEAF4FA4BE324ECFD" box="[1248,1334,1437,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+MNHN-P-P00483043!).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="E28E6558FF8B066AEE9CFA35E2A9ECB5" box="[136,1211,1507,1531]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298" type="discussion">
+<paragraph id="AA2B36D3FF8B066AEE9CFA35E2A9ECB5" blockId="0.[136,1452,1291,1531]" box="[136,1211,1507,1531]" pageId="0" pageNumber="298">Note:—The name provided here refers to the habitat preference of the species for woods and forests.</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<heading id="3F7EB924BAA1015A156E7246DC4DC5CA" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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+<paragraph id="9732A8E4C97684015C352BA09A98B381">
+<taxonomicName id="5725AADEAF2B894EDD595D00FEB3C963" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulans">
+<emphasis id="5F1700FA5B4EFD0EE68FF8FDC36328BC" italics="true">Xylodon granulans</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from
+<taxonomicName id="3DA2A56D64C0FF0E994125BB5E4881A5" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="wenshanensis">
+<emphasis id="A77B9ED845F1B19510896C285363A4D1" italics="true">X. wenshanensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+by its broadly ellipsoid, thin-walled basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2.9–3.3 μm.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="F8CCD88429E18663426D90C1BE169A2D" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure15" ID-arpha="9B21E06C-589F-5E21-B655-EED2FA65040E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278307" startId="F12">
+<paragraph id="8F316567BBBDD5C5C490EE76A979F24E">
+<label id="549159C5DDEF024D92288937E7C9B3D8">Figure 15.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="BE8FE1A5BF2F2D22265CC80624BB41BF">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="2F28764B08FE66456A5DFD282FE2E39C" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulans">
+<emphasis id="B0777E80A0DC84291130BDD67F3D9B03" italics="true">Xylodon granulans</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 17866)
+<emphasis id="403AF1E55109CE7A48ADAB7884773969" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+the front of the basidiomata
+<emphasis id="B33D2F7419EAE33CF9F384198FAACC9E" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (
+<emphasis id="8F2237874F68E9C227F4D5F879B6DAF1" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 1 mm (
+<emphasis id="EAD3332E830EA1CD709E14B1AC334F57" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EBENM" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="F787BEA73EB20C4237300F8D21D00E3D">
+<heading id="139B2E876E27C63C76790B04ECB33789" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="EFD171E348A7B3017EF37023002C7F76" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="28BCCDB7435310F1B90185E2091AF549">
+<materialsCitation id="07B9E4095D5F74EBD64E60251C03C365" collectingDate="2019-08-01" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Pingbian County" elevation="1356" latitude="28.7" location="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="F46051932FABC353137D9D1F094AB970" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="79460DD93759C5ACEF7D911D4CCC4AFC" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="3B3CCE75CC1E4391B97854F95C8F5CCD">Honghe</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="0BC206632EFB8933275A77695E9BAD55">Pingbian County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="A9E2662686B3AFB079436EBA8FD063EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3955F00F67DC5235BE5D947988B06E48:A9E2662686B3AFB079436EBA8FD063EE" country="China" county="Pingbian County" latitude="28.7" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" name="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Daweishan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EKENM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[114.183333,28.700000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="DE9E446AD4B262750FC76840EFD8C57A" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.7">28 ° 42 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="4C4A2F25E75279A703B130E4B125142D" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.183334">114 ° 11 ' E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="9103F12C8FB570EA3C571D5377C463C0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">
+<quantity id="71BF63143583857DC5331495E3FFEB1B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">1356 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+. on fallen angiosperm branch,
+<date id="47FBD953B6774186E75E919C34170202" value="2019-08-01">
+<collectingDate id="CFECF106E80DD6F11741AEDE1543B7CD" value="2019-08-01">1 August 2019</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 17866 (
+<collectionCode id="D2ADB4C2C9D2403BF5C313ED322A40C9" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="7FEC3A230EECFDA4067C378087E76B8F" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure16" ID-arpha="0DC4E382-7492-5A9C-8D3E-3EEB77072831" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278308" startId="F13">
+<paragraph id="B022BE38B289AE4E09CDC42750BE483B">
+<label id="044CBABCEE29CBC8DD0AE6641AFB6838">Figure 16.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="9F8A208547DA137B1569ED17D837F15F">
+Microscopic structures of
+<taxonomicName id="248293DD6BAF38719BF598203FE0D33F" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulans">
+<emphasis id="DC6E572E93B7A7A1EEDBB43B0034000B" italics="true">Xylodon granulans</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 17866)
+<emphasis id="52DCF6F6778058B8C965EB85A8A9895D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="2FB50223433A5B01DB7F196824314C7C" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+basidia and basidioles
+<emphasis id="FB2E5DB78E2407CE15F0D8360E6326C9" bold="true">C – E</emphasis>
+cystidia
+<emphasis id="9156E5304158ABDA9926331C35EA927E" bold="true">F</emphasis>
+a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (
+<emphasis id="B881D0EAC5F9622AA6E6A0D621218F84" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 10 μm (
+<emphasis id="64257329E77EBBF631ABDABBA5057638" bold="true">B – F</emphasis>
+); 10 × 100 oil.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ETFNM" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="62E038ED1B2F02862DD343FCC2508DB0">
+<heading id="3FCDD016E5307E9683F085DFC19EE3AF" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="BB8AC7DA50BDAE9F7576531B1696154D">
+<emphasis id="C6EF039826F22D90818A699B817FA031" italics="true">Granulans</emphasis>
+(Lat.) refers to the granulated hymenial surface.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EAGNM" type="description">
+<paragraph id="EB10F502BAA20E07244AC444A7429996">
+<heading id="92C614EC2E9654D78B9105CB5A344E4C" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="36E3E19DAB1FA498722D1462A5BA20B0">
+<emphasis id="59F8FBC7AC04BD6D3885E7D724EF91A5" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="A36CE09EC5D339DBD6056EFC662BD2F4" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiomata</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Basidiomata annual, resupinate, adnate, membranous, without odor or taste when fresh, up to
+<quantity id="D9922C2D18F93A2893063424058D46FA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="18FAC0942C415599155EFE47DFA983DF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
+wide, and 50–70 μm thick. Hymenial surface grandinioid, cream when fresh, white to slightly cream when dry. Sterile margin thin, indistinct, slightly cream, up to
+<quantity id="3A066E87F03F96729FA06F0203394B98" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="5B0921F131EFFA8BD3ED626E1AAA4B11">
+<emphasis id="67FB99E0701DC4B5D56F347AC5DFBFCD" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="13E3A589F1E521FD8E9B9EDBAB9CE72B" bold="true" italics="true">Hyphal system</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections slightly encrusted with crystals amongst generative hyphae, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, interwoven, 2.0–2.5 μm in diam,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESGNM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWGNM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="ABA6A0763DD76F712A8B650C056CB31D" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–; tissues unchanged in
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1GNM" xlink_title="5% potassium hydroxide">KOH</abbrev>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="7126E7EE2779C1312534AC0FA8D59D96">
+<emphasis id="EB165558A4E7B409D84BD705D5D88D57" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="BE427B68E8C1C489A317FE956F7F4BF0" bold="true" italics="true">Hymenium</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Cystidia of
+<specimenCount id="A13C98D61A5266B87696E27202E69305" count="2" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
+: (1) Capitate cystidia in hymenium and subiculum, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth, slightly constricted at the neck, with a globose head, 4.5–23.5 × 3.0–4.5 μm; (2) Clavate cystidia, slightly sinuous, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth, 13.0–24.0 × 4.0–5.0 μm. Basidia clavate, slightly sinuous, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 9.0–12.0 × 3.5–4.5 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
+<emphasis id="976478BE8CA209181F4656E9091C903B" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="7815AEDD7D161D08AEDE3B73BC12F5B8" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiospores</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Broadly ellipsoid, some of them with an oily drop, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJHNM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENHNM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="568D4CA657B76D8EE72EDF75D9011EE9" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–, (3.7 –) 3.8–4.2 (– 4.3) × (2.8 –) 2.9–3.3 (– 3.4) μm, L = 4.03 μm, W = 3.12 μm, Q = 1.29–1.29 (n = 60 / 2).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ERHNM" type="Other specimen examined">
+<paragraph id="95C00E220921F510420D8F1152F3D71A">
+<heading id="020E5E5C9A409E6680B9E01A6871D561" reason="title">Other specimen examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="DD555FCF9F5FD90C24663FAB2A05C007">
+<materialsCitation id="D16752D8EBDD90F2EB6875A657260262" collectingDate="2019-08-01" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Pingbian County" elevation="1356" latitude="28.7" location="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
+<collectingCountry id="EE08C13A87C9C127F56C01E6C630BF04" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="F9CF3D746893C3EDF098AC88A63F6B5A" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="67BFD8EDF0753519E6C92CD89FC0FC28">Honghe</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="331432FC3DA8D009C3060E11BF787203">Pingbian County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="F2924809D1D0B47695A124ABB9E05CEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3955F00F67DC5235BE5D947988B06E48:F2924809D1D0B47695A124ABB9E05CEA" country="China" county="Pingbian County" latitude="28.7" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" name="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Daweishan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1HNM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[114.183333,28.700000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="B43A059FAA767E28826D7ED64C1AC9A9" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.7">28 ° 42 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="EC4877DF8ECF025C997A9CD7E9E944FE" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.183334">114 ° 11 ' E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="2C36978505583B39227CA96B6A77FB37" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">
+<quantity id="C2E2045D00304406D761084A1CE85144" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">1356 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm branch,
+<date id="255692F1A9E69FC31630F5C955C0E47D" value="2019-08-01">
+<collectingDate id="72382CA41A006831A796358901A5B75F" value="2019-08-01">1 August 2019</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 17804 (
+<collectionCode id="F2ED363B29EF35A54598328FAC394B7A" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/4C/F5/3A/4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063.xml b/data/4C/F5/3A/4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..79554bff61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/4C/F5/3A/4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
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+<mods:mods id="41F811590B904B0A91F26C67BECBC9C9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="677CBAA818B7D3F00A8590E7DF40FC8A">
+<mods:title id="5ED48C94048DDF2E7049118878E090D8">Morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses reveal three new branched species of Clavaria (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) from China</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="477E1648D81489969AFEF5FCEBC3A940" type="personal">
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+<mods:roleTerm id="FBC824BBE65FDD9539B285A8C3E1417C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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+<mods:affiliation id="2FD55FB7572726919EAAED0B2F3423F5">Hunan Provincial Demonstration Center of Forestry Seeding Breeding, Changsha 410329, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:affiliation id="A02F651F12EC0DF495CF679A30597741">Bureau of Forestry, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua 418500, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:name id="1F5F9A6AB7C771E1463187296F60A868" type="personal">
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+<mods:affiliation id="645CA830CE507AC02805A174A22F0380">College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:affiliation id="C71682B2E78D3AC43A00B2418BF27955">Hunan Provincial Demonstration Center of Forestry Seeding Breeding, Changsha 410329, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:date id="142D36E0AC9D9093563953667396DD4E">2025</mods:date>
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+<mods:number id="0E816AA118C87C30C744791C1C566645">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="620564F7B465D792E15918CFF8D86519" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="75F99EE9F32BBEAACF56AC71351DF4DE">115</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:extent id="7085E5C5288DBAA800A92EA78D3B8F1F" unit="page">
+<mods:start id="A5DAE643E39894F686DA132A628B7E6E">137</mods:start>
+<mods:end id="0B86E7D55C39794AD5CB6E79DB87D051">153</mods:end>
+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="487B5DD1CBBD4E3451D7CE1D65393708">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="5EC9953D4D5E5CB5F59C2682CD291081" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063" ID-arpha="4CF53AAB-C5B0-5883-9D03-8E08D9AD2063" ID-mycobank="857600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063">
+<subSubSection id="D80EA708A835B1115DB8175088C0D23F" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="51730F0B40890883C7C8ED8C4E3EF77F">
+<taxonomicName id="CA9ABC921A5D2A06E42B153A6BD70425" authority="P. Zhang & Ju. Yan" authorityName="P. Zhang & Ju. Yan" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="8B6EFE771D32C94C14A67CBB0E9899AC" italics="true">Clavaria divergens</emphasis>
+P. Zhang & Ju. Yan
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1E036A930577FEB0601B09DF0417DD9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="CA4063E555C0B73E55E343C11D6FF312" type="description">
+<paragraph id="52982AF35B6FDE7086ABB272611CA894">
+<figureCitation id="A782FB7A6D7A349C8160B75BD8FF323E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Basidiomata of Clavaria divergens a MHHNU 9857 b MHHNU 10165. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278624">Figs 2</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="89180F9B377FA76F9AC8D08F4B30D8E3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Microscopic features of Clavaria divergens (MHHNU 9857) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278625">3</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EMDCI" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="E67A34BA3C58F9D7DABD33043CA8A9CE">
+<heading id="60E5B5E5374F8A71311610386329FBFD" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="CEC5C0797E2D1E9F867E3DD8A61F99A7">
+<taxonomicName id="BBACDFBAACA823808E91C5408BD3926E" authority="(Latin)" baseAuthorityName="Latin" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="divergens">
+<emphasis id="ED340FA8CF26E809AFE4EE44702208D6" italics="true">divergens</emphasis>
+(Latin)
+</taxonomicName>
+refers to the basidioma with dichotomous to irregularly divergent branches.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E3DCI" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="A549B3AC3381198C695FED41C79E4FFC">
+<heading id="9DE58C1AFD03FE814F2E69314139FE59" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="7E220C8DC23DFD0E84F9DB1325ECE468" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="12ECFEC2874436B90C45D792E743554E">
+<materialsCitation id="0889FC578281EEA6771FACBDF267E2D7" collectingDate="2018-08-06" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="P. Zhang" country="China" county="Malipo County" elevation="1580" latitude="23.361662" location="Donggan Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.16227" specimenCode="MHHNU 9857" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="B36FD4967486C605827ACA8DAF132E1E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="9F074389F453A00D20EA140A50781D68" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="34AA88FDB3DAB9067445DF81A1C182D0">Malipo County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="9A5995ECE01DD07DA637D3CD625204EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063:9A5995ECE01DD07DA637D3CD625204EC" country="China" county="Malipo County" latitude="23.361662" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.16227" name="Donggan Town" stateProvince="Yunnan">Donggan Town</location>
+, alt.
+<quantity id="7413E1ECFC003A66AD67A9BB8C2D069C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="1580.0">
+<elevation id="6364A9FE1214566DDAC8B20AF6020481" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="1580.0">1580 m</elevation>
+</quantity>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFECI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[105.162269,23.361661]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="345C0EACDA59EE6AC3BD1BE852367240" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.98" value="23.361662">23 ° 21 ' 41.98 " N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="2CF893F477B6F333E067CCFC6F2AF73B" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.17" value="105.16227">105 ° 09 ' 44.17 " E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="42951F16CD77DF3B58E1828F8434102E" value="2018-08-06">
+<collectingDate id="F9CC9520CA0AF42D8963FA577326F25D" value="2018-08-06">6 August 2018</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<collectorName id="D628AC39095E849BB98AED1F2AF09D90">P. Zhang</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="9080756BA031143DA281FC2B49C960F3" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 9857</specimenCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EKECI" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="AE03E1424182CA5226092AB0F76DAB77">
+<heading id="ABE266CA7DAE4CD0A993EE50A0E4798B" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="B83285D20A0BB09496FDDC2D6F43DB1B">
+This species differs from other species within
+<taxonomicName id="24013139B907BA6A84C97414ED4D463B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Syncoryne">
+<emphasis id="F98FDF971BAA65CC5EC05DB1AD42977A" italics="true">Clavaria subg. Syncoryne</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in its white branched basidiomata and 4 - spored basidia.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E4ECI" type="description">
+<paragraph id="164B4524BCD73B80AB47345640A5432B">
+<heading id="5DA08F2D7691224BBDFF2725A7268A70" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="2DE9FAF5386BA076BAED6394480C26AA">
+Basidiomata (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="EF58B848F1DD27BE5FC9525AE611BCFE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Basidiomata of Clavaria divergens a MHHNU 9857 b MHHNU 10165. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278624">2 a, b</figureCitation>
+) branched, brittle, scattered, or gregarious clusters; clusters
+<quantity id="4FA0929E5536B1885DA994270CD08FB9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 mm</quantity>
+high,
+<quantity id="C4D534A3A5721C27D19EE151804ACDA6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 mm</quantity>
+broad; branches terete,
+<quantity id="AF97CA27F2560B847A76C1262BA2564D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
+wide, 2–4 times, dichotomous, or irregularly divergent in the ultimate rank; branch tips subacuminate, often antler-like or claw-like. Fertile part coralloid, smooth, slightly curved, occasionally with a longitudinal depression in center, white [A 1; White]. Apex white, becoming yellowish or tawny with age. Sterile part distinct, white, smooth, without tomentum and mycelial patch. Flesh concolorous with surface of basidiomata.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="47498CB338184CA4D9641632C65BC6E9" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure2" ID-arpha="0407884C-3D10-5CC7-90FC-5FCB0CA52741" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278624" startId="F2">
+<paragraph id="25E29BF9E84E43188726A3331A809649">
+<label id="330F5E93CA5F1133CC2E6D7632C37D76">Figure 2.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="A3E46895A4B5A702324EBD6E5469D7B5">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="6FF7105C522E698CB3DCB9837743422B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="divergens">
+<emphasis id="42EA31625EBC765D76352DF3515F130B" italics="true">Clavaria divergens</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="018D78AD9FA184AE202E3B61DB3C0FBE" bold="true">a</emphasis>
+MHHNU 9857
+<emphasis id="C8871E588EE0766CFB1065E05439DD83" bold="true">b</emphasis>
+MHHNU 10165. Scale bars: 2 cm.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="219E531B4BF86E5F7C7ACF6EC32C5336">
+Basidiospores (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="65396AA625FC6925A4D5707C8F16CFF3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Microscopic features of Clavaria divergens (MHHNU 9857) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278625">3 a</figureCitation>
+) [100 / 6 / 4] (4.0) 4.2–5.0 × (2.4) 2.7–3.8 (4.0) μm [Q = (1.25) 1.26–1.56 (1.60), Q = 1.39 ± 0.10], mostly ellipsoid, sometimes also broadly ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin-walled; hilar appendix small (<1.0 μm in length). Basidia (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="844F984CB2775DF320ABD6C3B9398278" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Microscopic features of Clavaria divergens (MHHNU 9857) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278625">3 b</figureCitation>
+) 48–65 × 6.5–9.0 μm, clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled, sometimes with secondarily septated; sterigmata up to 5.2 μm long. Incrustations or crystals absent. Hyphae of the context parallel, thin-walled, hyaline, cylindrical to inflated, secondarily septated. Clamp connections absent in all parts of basidiomata.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="8909F564219739A305330E34A5F7F6DF" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure3" ID-arpha="9979E521-597C-5009-ACBB-0DCBAA46E3CC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278625" startId="F3">
+<paragraph id="B3F14FF0234DC6A6CAF95CB0DDA8B0AF">
+<label id="9E8AC94B32B0E12A2AF349ABC492B2F9">Figure 3.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="527A36C33700E49AE600AE604524DA74">
+Microscopic features of
+<taxonomicName id="CA9B3894951924CB99CBDF615BE95E80" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="divergens">
+<emphasis id="EFE3F6EE1E95B2A1586B9CBDE0981B25" italics="true">Clavaria divergens</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(MHHNU 9857)
+<emphasis id="B7F3BCE595E560DC3F12DFA4B2160B7C" bold="true">a</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="A8CAF4AF52F7EE3B23DE670F5F615413" bold="true">b</emphasis>
+basidia.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EJHCI" type="habitat">
+<paragraph id="6A8D62EF50A9E7CCFBE7759E94275CFD">
+<heading id="D1B4CEBEEB1A97BF93DAE9D1CD48CCA8" reason="title">Habitat, ecology, and distribution.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="0F890CF76A34F1865B4B19F8C9242274">
+Scattered or gregarious in humus layers of soil under mixed coniferous – broadleaved forests or broadleaved forests. Basidiomata produced in summer, usually throughout the months of July to August; known from subtropical zones of Central and Southwestern
+<collectingCountry id="B342689990D954C43AE402BC70FF4B4F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EOHCI" type="material">
+<paragraph id="BA5292B0A161DB1BA1E9FACC491BB468">
+<heading id="590877CFB0256F6280645581E1C2BB16" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="13C35744D76622CAAA74154B15ACF160">
+<materialsCitation id="0361F36D6D4EAE11FEA72B848193165B" collectingDate="2014-08-28" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="P. Zhang" country="China" county="Yongshun County" elevation="1068" latitude="28.796066" location="Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.20386" specimenCode="MHHNU 8277" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
+<collectingCountry id="70522D01C84C79D5F604C0F41D4817D9" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="70016C09A2A06D4F601478792220A8AE" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="17C5578A641A9F7FF295CCBCD0BCF5C1">Yongshun County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="3FCCA0961FBCFBDFBF3EF677158D4C51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063:3FCCA0961FBCFBDFBF3EF677158D4C51" country="China" county="Yongshun County" latitude="28.796066" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.20386" name="Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Hunan">Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve</location>
+, alt.
+<quantity id="746B816838A7983C504F7A0DF324BACC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.068" unit="m" value="1068.0">
+<elevation id="E7E6BCA04952BB0C0436ED4C2089518C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.068" unit="m" value="1068.0">1068 m</elevation>
+</quantity>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EXHCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[110.203858,28.796067]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="56636A35441D6A1E1CB7D59200FE9D8E" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.84" value="28.796066">28 ° 47 ' 45.84 " N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="AF455D16F877AF5DA0FAE6EA213CCBAC" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.89" value="110.20386">110 ° 12 ' 13.89 " E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="E136C8430AFE6D2F56008E94F05A8844" value="2014-08-28">
+<collectingDate id="A6865BB8FEB1F0BB79BCE208939A36F0" value="2014-08-28">28 August 2014</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<collectorName id="616D6D4E57CC4B833C4DF89D665B384D">P. Zhang</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="0BEDBCC7ED290E66411DA4C23E43C01D" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 8277</specimenCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+; •
+<materialsCitation id="CBD7D1CA3F3CB873E3EC4C7F3769B46E" collectingDate="2020-07-23" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="Ju. Yan" country="China" county="Guzhang County" elevation="573" latitude="28.679283" location="Gaofeng Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.141266" specimenCode="MHHNU 10164, MHHNU 10165" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
+<collectingCounty id="2B565F21C55D02390C392F8850C0614C">Guzhang County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="F42E230013213EB9217C1FB499EAC29A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4CF53AABC5B058839D038E08D9AD2063:F42E230013213EB9217C1FB499EAC29A" country="China" county="Guzhang County" latitude="28.679283" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="110.141266" name="Gaofeng Town" stateProvince="Hunan">Gaofeng Town</location>
+, alt.
+<quantity id="946874D24070984E5EDA85A2F83E319C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" unit="m" value="573.0">
+<elevation id="1C2C37F21186512BA616A2D3AF5B3FC8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" unit="m" value="573.0">573 m</elevation>
+</quantity>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E6HCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[110.141267,28.679283]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="A2EA5161130042DBC320406E0A95C1B7" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.42" value="28.679283">28 ° 40 ' 45.42 " N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="785A7D3A6902FAA224A6CDE0CE20EB76" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.56" value="110.141266">110 ° 08 ' 28.56 " E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="B4DA657402517DC28857CEE4C1661020" value="2020-07-23">
+<collectingDate id="1587B07BB12833185317DDA14738A4F8" value="2020-07-23">23 July 2020</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<collectorName id="A6AE254CA5E3F0994FB83A5A6544F32C">Ju. Yan</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="6BD3595F2828005949CEF0476B38FB71" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 10164</specimenCode>
+,
+<specimenCode id="0EA2567417D38F90AA58BC4302428948" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 10165</specimenCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94cb4b58bfa
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+<document id="60ED435EABB19E6D826A32FA7BFD7905" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216" ID-publisher-id="138216" URI-arpha="AB00A1BE-11EE-5564-82B4-AB2556AE268F" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741792403632" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Gouvêa, Yuri F. & Giacomin, Leandro L." docDate="2025" docId="5EF90468007D5F1B83345821A4CB995E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 253: 199-259" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 253" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/138216/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Solanum phrixothrix Gouvea, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="259" masterDocId="AB00A1BE11EE556482B4AB2556AE268F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the endemic Brazilian Solanum hexandrum group (Leptostemonum, Solanum, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="199" updateTime="1741792859395" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
+<mods:mods id="7F469410F95C8A75D38C2611AEE38972" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="68E27A4AD9BF85800403B0ABFDF8D9A6">
+<mods:title id="E9E82A862DBA7970AC38C81DD1C848DA">A revision of the endemic Brazilian Solanum hexandrum group (Leptostemonum, Solanum, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="2673F59903C5B79F555F5A3021668B63" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="3D3B979FC83D83FEF12F145C271B06A3">
+<mods:roleTerm id="ABC11F1EAA4A0933F4B7E18CC53C2C12">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="016911DFACF6FF38C90752A38CF75C9C">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB2CDC525297277C4452C121F3418AD1" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="65E7A781CEBF8271A6CBBE99E24567A2">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="F16768E03130CC0E26644ED87FF8E29C" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="F2AC5E7D0AA75DBF6D1D7DF8B4B22BE9">
+<mods:roleTerm id="10153167A26E0DA88DAD1EB4B6ED3380">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="3668A745F1FF045CDA94E0BCA392D653">Gouvêa, Yuri F.</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="21E323734241CB54BBE679DFF469875E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7162-8458</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="BAC93732740E07D0186E504878A147E1">Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="512A27A4B4166EE926E7EF294D802F40" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="C7BB9FAF986180FE8474928337A99832">
+<mods:roleTerm id="0A17BB0D6BDA83D33D9441FCA791464B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="BEB2370CBACC03F50F3145E1A6107C18">Giacomin, Leandro L.</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="0153DCCB092ADF3E85963CC3E0210739" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8862-4042</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="16F2280AFA067BA1C762BB650B45BD47">Departamento de Sistemática & Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051 - 0900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="7830C4C215A25683CACA2BC5E619C16F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
+<mods:relatedItem id="43E4BD20C9E98A4B6BB393982B13300B" type="host">
+<mods:titleInfo id="275D18A1375040FC59830574E5707AA5">
+<mods:title id="0E643C6ADA5A4BF01BB5C374BAD8D423">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="7916940B284D421C7C808531E6318A22">
+<mods:date id="2A1CE955C3D197648126E63CD2A40D9F">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="FBE658F8047B18E7B7B9BD847FE8BA8A" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="0FE000FB2A8C1B560A7101511B3122DD">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="36DB5D52BE6171B478DBE6C48273BF46" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="660AC62F495AF41A0F771EF7B9CB6C97">253</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:extent id="4851AAB8CC33F74D369A6F3BB53B0A76" unit="page">
+<mods:start id="7FE0F24815179754F99E650D3B16E505">199</mods:start>
+<mods:end id="F831657E5DF5205737BD91B70DC65081">259</mods:end>
+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="BCFC1F9569C4326CC81E8CBDFDBA0311">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="26BBCFE5ADCF761D7AEFF78FFEBB4635" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="5EF90468007D5F1B83345821A4CB995E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013458" ID-arpha="5EF90468-007D-5F1B-8334-5821A4CB995E" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77358212-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EF90468007D5F1B83345821A4CB995E" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77358212-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EF90468007D5F1B83345821A4CB995E">
+<subSubSection id="89F6DD74AD9F07806E05C5F19D61E0D2" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="EED19BC7337896782519428E741E5C48">
+<heading id="F76D0328E76241E5E5958EDCF5DFE164" reason="label">4.</heading>
+<taxonomicName id="B600DD083BA5F036E981FA9706A3286C" authority="Gouvea" authorityName="Gouvea" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="C3A34CCDB2384D7B8374DCAC9135C75F" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+Gouvêa
+</taxonomicName>
+& S. Knapp
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B311C9E8FB902D8F94017E2A01FF998" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="CE65711377C8CDD830D1B14D19B79F0D" type="description">
+<paragraph id="C7C2471F30FDE3B07E807F90924175BB">
+<figureCitation id="E26D0E274A194844469184DAD51CC091" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Solanum phrixothrix A flowering branch B section of stem with copious bristles C inflorescence with two open flowers D adaxial surface of calyx E open short-styled flower F short-styled flower with corolla bent back to expose the tapering anthers (A – F Folli 7560, BHCB). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278589">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EP4DI" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="4C39E611230C6617DEA3F71DA428CFAA">
+<heading id="B8CD37C3E51C639EDA77C7283C856265" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="373B1697CA621B8A12E3F94403E34952">
+<taxonomicName id="DA979D6CAED49445E01DD6B7162A2F70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="2AF33211535F9ECCFB8E33815A489DD5" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from all other members of the
+<taxonomicName id="502439EB9201CBF7BEE4AC27FAC0C747" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexandrum">
+<emphasis id="DA6A5BC2918A5747BDA4BF64F3444028" italics="true">S. hexandrum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+group in its rotate, white corollas. It is similar to
+<taxonomicName id="6129396DFE85422417ADF5F705AF3504" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="BD5F02CE7724D824427E6435794B4643" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="C684343CFE7F981C731B6AE403096DAB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="F737F19367F8F4E4B231A1092619CA4D" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in its cordate non-decurrent leaf bases, but differs from both in its eglandular pubescence. The eglandular bristle-like trichomes completely lacking lateral rays distinguish it from
+<taxonomicName id="A0BE15489DC63DBE8D0463489BF876C1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="56C00280B85CAB21B244930357E96769" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and its densely bristly stems distinguish it from
+<taxonomicName id="4F15836A5F480B5E8F7C18F38698EBB7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="D592CF0F32AE47D893312F1A89B7DACE" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. It differs from
+<taxonomicName id="CFF48949BBAD0AA75A935A75D9C86DBA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexandrum">
+<emphasis id="CBAF8CEA9CEC117754CE5F2025289EAC" italics="true">S. hexandrum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="21FE9DC42D415A919903F1D6709DFE42" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydroides">
+<emphasis id="E978FC9C248FE4BBE4D80535C95FE1C9" italics="true">S. hydroides</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="177A814896DA66AA3FE720EA35FF5049" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stagnale">
+<emphasis id="E96108D45F77E118FA018B770E23B83D" italics="true">S. stagnale</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in its cordate non-decurrent leaf bases and from
+<taxonomicName id="345DC1F4CB70575B7B30055E2DE627C7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stagnale">
+<emphasis id="86FE0B440FC3FDA3249393F396154574" italics="true">S. stagnale</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, it is acicular, rather than broad-based and usually curved prickles.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="D98800B8B24C34D4D89AC703FE2066B8" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure9" ID-arpha="8BA98C2D-28A6-51E5-88F1-A52EF0FAB011" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278589" startId="F9">
+<paragraph id="71E12EFDEE98AB0EECD4323373AF27A6">
+<label id="A161D1D3B028395760611A4B064AF950">Figure 9.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="AFD85916FAC95397A1E7D1A14E0B95F6">
+<taxonomicName id="722A48473FA88338DD4BFB7115548AF1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="01E4FCE16570FF53F86DE956920042F1" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="47CE78DFEFBD1C918B5CFF212EE460B7" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+flowering branch
+<emphasis id="497D307315140D196FA43D42FB4552A4" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+section of stem with copious bristles
+<emphasis id="918B3E2FB7458CC18D48DAFF88CADC08" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+inflorescence with two open flowers
+<emphasis id="3DD69519E0E4CFB9E4D2482A1A200742" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+adaxial surface of calyx
+<emphasis id="2D276BEAD3A1460E982DA9D15AB425D4" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+open short-styled flower
+<emphasis id="F50EC0574469B697175571E1A936AB37" bold="true">F</emphasis>
+short-styled flower with corolla bent back to expose the tapering anthers (
+<emphasis id="4B368DB3FBEB9AE2B048328399FA5A1C" bold="true">A – F</emphasis>
+<emphasis id="156693B11D69E2D2473D3661164070AF" italics="true">Folli 7560</emphasis>
+, BHCB). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EMCAK" type="material">
+<paragraph id="947E28771576BB849BB3F5EADD68A311">
+<heading id="CF7EF15D240731062625581B24E846A5" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="334566E627662E5DDE514F97B7747472">Type</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="7D384F82FA0FE40D016C1F6667327948">
+<collectingCountry id="0605EED1E4475BA72663FB2172351A54" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
+.
+<collectingRegion id="9DD27E50553616A8576AEC80D606C10E" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
+: Mun. Linhares, bairro Bebedouro, mata de tabuleiro, estrada ES- 245, sentido a Regência, mata de cabruca (Cacau), UTM: 394627, 7851005 [
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EVCAK" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-40.003750,-19.432528]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="AA4B69D82D0A8879E3AD20BC62CE9182" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="57.1" value="-19.432528">19 ° 25 ' 57.1 " S</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="E35F36D37C99D971ABD760555C462D1A" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.5" value="-40.00375">40 ° 00 ' 13.5 " W</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+],
+<date id="4E434DABB9E18437708F98E5C32DDAA1" value="2017-06-12">12 Jun 2017</date>
+,
+<emphasis id="869B00F42635099D3A3F30692EEE858A" italics="true">D. A. Folli 7560</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="DD275C7372D3E6FF08A92A60AB858721" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+: BHCB [BHCB 221244];
+<typeStatus id="E3B5D2005C4CFE5AF2139CEF2210F54A" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
+: CVRD [acc. # 15743]).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E3CAK" type="description">
+<paragraph id="7837864A144427FFEB42334A3E0B3ECF">
+<heading id="3F3F02F54CFEFCDF4BDEB1FDB65A5BE2" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="85C28D97D9DD54C53B7BB148251E21E0">
+Shrubs to ca.
+<quantity id="2E1600858E7180D4D0BB628F608F13FB" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
+tall, erect to somewhat spreading, strongly armed and bristly. Stems terete, conspicuously fistulose (at least the younger ones), densely bristly and prickly; the bristle-like trichomes simple,
+<quantity id="72ED016451A68773F11FC4D66703A758" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="0.33999999999999997" unit="mm" value="11.299999999999999" valueMax="19.2" valueMin="3.4">3.4–19.2 mm</quantity>
+long, with a long multiseriate stalk and a shorter uniseriate mid-point at the tip, the stalks
+<quantity id="58B333866E7D0E5AD133E4153FDF51E0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–16 mm</quantity>
+long, the mid-points
+<quantity id="A132AA774D1D5B8C0EA2832CDF681C98" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–3.2 mm</quantity>
+long, 1–2 - celled, underlying pubescence of sparse, very tiny papillate trichomes, these drying golden yellow; the prickles
+<quantity id="76D661B2F857DE20BD19E398BF40709E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 cm</quantity>
+long, the base ca.
+<quantity id="6D907E61AEE3D08BC66A4D078F6DDF07" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+in diameter, straight to retrorse, somewhat laterally compressed, yellowish-golden at base, becoming yellowish-brown towards the tip; the epidermis densely dotted with crystal sand (inclusions of calcium oxalate); new growth densely bristly and prickly, with simple bristle-like trichomes and prickles like those of the stems; bark of older stems not known. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves lobed, the blades
+<quantity id="DB38E535BEBF71865B53B06B8B4BA39C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.1" unit="cm" value="25.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="21.0">21–30 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="47EF9EAFB8A670F71ECE3DB7720D9141" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 cm</quantity>
+wide, ca. 1–1.25 times as long as wide, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, usually widest in the basal half, membranous, concolorous, sparsely to moderately prickly on the mid-rib and major veins of both surfaces with prickles like those of the stems, but usually smaller; adaxial surface densely to moderately pubescent to hirsute with simple bristle-like trichomes similar to those of the stems, but smaller,
+<quantity id="E76FF2921F87E5753BDB6EC99922EE7B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–6.5 mm</quantity>
+long, the stalks
+<quantity id="9F4BF863E6BFC0E0D9CBAA45F4D7F606" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.2" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–4.5 mm</quantity>
+long, the mid-points
+<quantity id="4C318AC7CB12D2CF14B09CC10407C01D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.7" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–2 mm</quantity>
+long; abaxial surfaces more sparsely pubescent with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface, these restricted to the mid-rib, major and minor veins and usually smaller and thinner-walled; principal veins 5–7 pairs; base cordate to angular-cordate often with a prominent pair of basiscopic lobes, not decurrent on to the petiole, symmetrical; margins 4–6 - lobed, leaves of young plants or new growth also with secondary lobing, the sinuses 1 / 3–1 / 5 of the distance to the mid-rib; apex acute to obtuse; petiole
+<quantity id="241497F2DCB7E1181781B5CB5F79AEC9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="4.8" unit="cm" value="7.15" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="4.8">4.8–9.5 cm</quantity>
+long, densely bristly, moderately to densely prickly with trichomes and prickles like those of the stems. Inflorescences opposite the leaves or internodal,
+<quantity id="B5A16A49B491B1648D5064E8AFD1B024" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 cm</quantity>
+long, unbranched, with 19–25 flowers; axes densely to moderately bristly and prickly with trichomes and prickles like those of the stems, but the prickles sometimes thinner; peduncle
+<quantity id="430DEC93CDCE227544D963411E7F330C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="cm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.6 cm</quantity>
+long; pedicels
+<quantity id="F97F7F52006A671775029AD5B05EE4CE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="175965A47B29E4A77409D84F60872846" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
+in diameter at the base, same diameter at the apex (excluding trichomes), erect to directed downwards, moderately to densely bristly with bristle-like trichomes like those of the stems, prickly or not, articulated at the base; pedicel scars more or less evenly spaced
+<quantity id="DE983FC1B0933984984E38114322A8F0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 mm</quantity>
+apart on mature inflorescences, more closely packed distally. Buds ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, the calyx lobes soon splitting, exceeding the length of the corolla until just before anthesis. Flowers 5 - merous, heterostylous, the proximal flowers long-styled (co-sexual) and distal ones short-styled (functionally staminate), the plants andromonoecious. Calyx with the tube
+<quantity id="AFC0B29C5D909F220F88AEE162268A6D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.3" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.3">4.3–7.5 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="B8F3C22A24804C729FB4E455F4F6FBA5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 mm</quantity>
+in diameter, shallowly cup-shaped to obconical, the lobes
+<quantity id="76925CAFB7F0C3EBFD6DBB9FA856362E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="11.3" metricValueMin="4.5" unit="mm" value="7.9" valueMax="11.3" valueMin="4.5">4.5–11.3 mm</quantity>
+long, triangular to somewhat lanceolate, sometimes varying in size in a single flower, densely bristly with trichomes like those of the stems, prickly or not. Corolla
+<quantity id="77DA3AF14CBB5BDD1A356F8D5F5CBC33" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.0">3–3.6 cm</quantity>
+in diameter, white, rotate, shallowly campanulate or tubular, lobed less than 1 / 8 of the way to the base, interpetalar tissue indistinguishable from the rest of the lobe or nearly so, copious and reaching nearly to the tips, the lobes
+<quantity id="E9A6A9479C8308E82D674BC903C933DB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.8" unit="mm" value="4.4" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="4A1BF048F0E36C9719CE0C911423180D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.075" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.65" unit="mm" value="20.75" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="16.5">16.5–25 mm</quantity>
+wide, rounded to retuse, glabrous with pubescence restricted to the lobe apices on both surfaces, the trichomes minute, simple. Stamens equal; filament tube
+<quantity id="6D420320957C454CF2D118EE66D9AFAE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
+long, glabrous; free portion of the filaments
+<quantity id="794530641469C0480285AA689180180C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.8 mm</quantity>
+long, glabrous; anthers
+<quantity id="06048CAFCC4AED40FA55FA7D3D05923D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.5" unit="mm" value="8.25" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–10 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="4BD607191F43845BE08665AB72044600" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3 mm</quantity>
+wide, broadly lanceolate and tapering, connivent, glabrous, yellow, abaxially swollen in the lower half (gibbous) and somewhat papillate, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with age. Ovary cup-shaped, moderately to densely pubescent, the trichomes simple, glandular, very tiny papillate and sessile to
+<quantity id="D563E2AA30890F3494906D9C2AF38B1F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
+long, 1–5 - celled, thin-walled, the longer ones less abundant, pubescence sometimes restricted to the ovary apex; style
+<quantity id="05E83A8686EE6E238FD6BE06F06362AA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.88" unit="mm" value="10.4" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.8">8.8–12 mm</quantity>
+long in long-styled flowers,
+<quantity id="E7FA9A9869C13A8F9CD87DA175806926" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="1.2">1.2–3.6 mm</quantity>
+long in short-styled flowers, straight, sparsely to moderately puberulent with very tiny papillate trichomes; stigma clavate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit and seeds not known. Chromosome number not known.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EBDAK" type="distribution">
+<paragraph id="9065CEE2B500492D30D6AF56EA17D392">
+<heading id="73750D2C5A66BC055715EBDB252ACAB5" reason="title">Distribution</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="BFFF23A5F5CD1416CF1E747A519D3C78">
+(Fig.
+<figureCitation id="F294C14A13BBC0D565F6F1D78EA6C2F6" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Distribution of S. phrixothrix." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278590">10</figureCitation>
+).
+<taxonomicName id="40D1FA28A7604BDB0D1240C37C32459E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="9A7CC6F53ACEE2C2B3A88C4DA4D1E030" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is endemic to the south-eastern region of
+<collectingCountry id="4045B63C4627F46E6EFBD83F262E136B" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
+and known only from two collections; one with a specific locality from
+<collectingRegion id="0B6146CD480F43EB6E6247173A37B8BB" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo State</collectingRegion>
+and another made by A. St. - Hilaire that is likely to be from
+<collectingRegion id="7624B690CCBAC5120E2F46945A4E64AA" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
+(see
+<bibRefCitation id="0B564230BECCD373A088244D9A03BB18" DOI="10.2307/2394600" author="Dwyer JD" firstAuthor="Dwyer" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pagination="153-170" refId="B33" refString="Dwyer JD (1955) The botanical catalogues of Auguste de St. Hilaire. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 42 (2): 153–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394600" title="The botanical catalogues of Auguste de St. Hilaire." volume="42" year="1955">Dwyer (1955)</bibRefCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E1DAK" type="ecology">
+<paragraph id="6302780C3BF86B8D6C9B0190542B31A7">
+<heading id="6A15DD00A83EC34347B54140D45B506B" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E95F5ECC3755CF0068C8FF7667A969C5">
+The only known collection with locality and vegetation
+<typeStatus id="7619BD33151F9269AB38DFE1B40B1ECF">type</typeStatus>
+information of
+<taxonomicName id="82AF7C70B8A0869A97DEF4C2A1E89A84" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="C348CF7B7D18D154F5418486E6678C5F" italics="true">S. phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is from wet evergreen forests of the lower Rio Doce drainage, at approximately
+<quantity id="14B6A0A0EBDBB0A5236F921B55D3D0BD" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
+elevation. This collection is from a “ cabruca ” (cacao plantation). These cacao plantations retain the upper strata of the forest for shade, but the understorey is significantly damaged by shrub and herb removal, along with significant cacao leaf litter.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ELEAK" type="Common names and uses">
+<paragraph id="A9F891EF61BF7FF6F4AB01A8D742ECBD">
+<heading id="859CE28C2380BE598D213FACE87FB3E3" reason="title">Common names and uses.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="BC22BC647516959930E841B9E75EB7FE">None recorded.</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EQEAK" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="288EFC3C887E9CD8E0C1F89B7C9B1260">
+<heading id="6943F9BCC2C7C64B015CCAE5D481FB9A" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="27856C20E32BA2AF3217369B414CC604">The species epithet is derived from the Greek, meaning with bristling (or horrid) hairs.</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EVEAK" type="Preliminary conservation status">
+<paragraph id="553060DEC42EABFE4F62494C70F83BAC">
+<heading id="AF54EB23497A980D595731BC2FD0E38A" reason="title">Preliminary conservation status</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="D4298C3DD1F834AEFC069973DD35A3C3">
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="30FE718C8A8B8D0A90CD4B93612EE52F" refId="B45" refString="IUCN (2020) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [accessed 26 June 2024]" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
+).
+<taxonomicName id="B4C9F1B9B267D926255BFC9357ACC8C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="2FC734B5CEAEF633461A545714AA592F" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is known from only two collections, gathered 200 years apart and so must have a preliminary assessment of Data Deficient. That said, however, it is imperative that more populations be sought to better assess its range and population density. It is likely to be of conservation concern, as the single collection with an accurate locality (
+<emphasis id="16E01733A959A216334F2A88BFE736B5" italics="true">Folli 7506</emphasis>
+) is from a highly disturbed anthropogenic site (cacao plantation), not within a protected area. It is near the Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes in
+<collectingRegion id="1D758C08BF279A1D1D08AB8992B7D366" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espiríto Santo State</collectingRegion>
+and should be sought there. Other protected areas close to this collection, such as Reserva Biológica de Sooretama and Reserva Natural
+<collectingRegion id="29B05E950D72EB762B426CCB42AB32D5" country="Switzerland" name="Valais">Vale</collectingRegion>
+are well-inventoried and we have seen no specimens of
+<taxonomicName id="1C9190FFB5DD78F8F39318EBD9408685" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="F363FB55BD91C9BA43DACBF6028C9D53" italics="true">S. phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+from them in any of the many herbaria we consulted.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EXFAK" type="discussion">
+<paragraph id="CD3D31F4D35A940A960F401A08829048">
+<heading id="EC5A3E8046DCC8DE231F60BB5131AC1B" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="5B8A06E91FA017176F7D31AA5464C100">
+<taxonomicName id="06255E82D06AE6F52213C1F9A7087962" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="5B2BDF4B917A79992D9FB42DDC0A35E2" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is a distinctive, densely bristly plant that has only been collected twice, once by Auguste St. Hilaire in the early 19
+<superScript id="EFA64ED7D5D76123B115130B90E254A2">th</superScript>
+century and more recently in 2017 (
+<emphasis id="C477B4CDD9008D2A97495A4CF4F80FE8" italics="true">Folli 7506</emphasis>
+) along the Rio Doce in
+<collectingRegion id="AEF6C68C87BED7AA43AEFF2A7034D664" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espiríto Santo State</collectingRegion>
+. It differs from other taxa in the group in its rotate to rotate-pentagonal corollas (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="C3714C63CDC1E888E4D69BD0FD8184CA" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Solanum phrixothrix A flowering branch B section of stem with copious bristles C inflorescence with two open flowers D adaxial surface of calyx E open short-styled flower F short-styled flower with corolla bent back to expose the tapering anthers (A – F Folli 7560, BHCB). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278589">9 E, F</figureCitation>
+) and densely bristly stems with no stellate trichomes present (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="CF7B2E9010C0B6AC4CDEC93F8A383AFB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Solanum phrixothrix A flowering branch B section of stem with copious bristles C inflorescence with two open flowers D adaxial surface of calyx E open short-styled flower F short-styled flower with corolla bent back to expose the tapering anthers (A – F Folli 7560, BHCB). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278589">9 B</figureCitation>
+). The long inflorescences and somewhat delicate pedicels are similar to those of
+<taxonomicName id="036F0F1DF5C210C3A401CD2328257314" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="7B46A216D8D47DFB65442C74A2F1A546" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, but that species has copious glandular stellate to multangulate pubescence and stellate corollas (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="0553A61ADDBE36FEF1FD4A2F6F9B6663" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum aciculare A habit in open area B habit along rock face C inflorescence with bud D inflorescence with open short-styled flower E calyx at anthesis F short-styled flowers (note colour change over anthesis) G long-styled flower H mature berry with calyx removed I stem section with glandular long-stalked stellate and multangulate trichomes and straight acicular prickles (A, D, G Gouvêa 283; B, H Gouvêa 281; C, E, F, I Gouvêa 280). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa ." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278581">2 F, G, I</figureCitation>
+). It is surprising that this species has escaped notice for so long, but members of the
+<taxonomicName id="5D404621AED60345C0BF66AF5641ED00" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexandrum">
+<emphasis id="5C741CE1726357B5BDA0EAA44AAE0260" italics="true">S. hexandrum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+group often occur in very small populations at the bases of rocky outcrops and may easily overlooked despite their large size and fearsome appearance.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="B941C5B922F7BECD3A84530531345E58" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure10" ID-arpha="8F832BC9-4C88-5C28-A42C-F65E4BB53879" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278590" startId="F10">
+<paragraph id="6CEF5D1240FCAF6EC1371732B30634C5">
+<label id="2080D526A9F60A025EA8F43C1BEE97FB">Figure 10.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="55CE4B8CCAF7449194774911AC4E1FB2">
+Distribution of
+<taxonomicName id="1B57F8CFC676E931F3900EF98848EBC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="733AD7CD7556BFEAC3787C2A829CC804" italics="true">S. phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="BD446E8D08B8E7DC8B893CDD952BC197">
+<taxonomicName id="8E1BDED2F6E3BD7268442A3E19DB9D7F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="E9A119ECE7F1344254FD5EADD9DD69C3" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+shares dense bristly stems with
+<taxonomicName id="34E6E32573995DA2FE1925FCF58384A7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="A7183A0C07C324ADFC520DB445560F4C" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+but can be easily distinguished from that species by its lack of copiously glandular pubescence of long-stalked stellate trichomes.
+<taxonomicName id="EF1F42A9BF330B886B0B8BAE68F269AC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="794735E6A82E515F58F0DC3C5B2F9F13" italics="true">Solanum phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+appears to lack long-stalked stellate trichomes on any part. White flowers are also found in
+<taxonomicName id="2B12315A240BDD8F45DB7021890E7301" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydroides">
+<emphasis id="AA0F146448D6CC1E65DDFECE2E078F44" italics="true">S. hydroides</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(Fig.
+<figureCitation id="AD4F008CAE632EB68F63A4E71CE37213" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Solanum hydroides A habit B flowering branch C inflorescence D open long-styled flower E mature berry with only partially accrescent calyx F cross-section of 4 - locular mature berry showing fleshy mesocarp and brown seeds (A, C – F Gouvêa et al. 492; B Gouvêa & Santos 325). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278587">7 D</figureCitation>
+) and
+<taxonomicName id="0CAC70E16C081B549CFED026C481C12B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="7B3044446012F8C93222068586197535" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(Fig.
+<figureCitation id="2817C0DA77E6D28EC96DD3475BFC7509" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum sublentum A habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges B habit C habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests D habit in rocky inselberg E stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence F leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing G variation in leaf bases and lobing H inflorescence I long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism J mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (B, F, H – J Gouvêa & Guerrero 452; D Stehmann et al. 6370; E, G Stehmann et al. 6372). Photos: A, B, H – J Yuri F. Gouvêa C, D, E, G João R. Stehmann." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593">13 H</figureCitation>
+), as well as occasionally in
+<taxonomicName id="33CE17EA57D05473B0B23D4BBCC8421D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="CDDF44FF6B271EFBE668335C976C3917" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(Fig.
+<figureCitation id="1FAA30A0AC5FA218FD34D119B519A5B3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum aciculare A habit in open area B habit along rock face C inflorescence with bud D inflorescence with open short-styled flower E calyx at anthesis F short-styled flowers (note colour change over anthesis) G long-styled flower H mature berry with calyx removed I stem section with glandular long-stalked stellate and multangulate trichomes and straight acicular prickles (A, D, G Gouvêa 283; B, H Gouvêa 281; C, E, F, I Gouvêa 280). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa ." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278581">2 F</figureCitation>
+). Corollas in these three species are always stellate with variously deltate to triangular lobes, whereas those of
+<taxonomicName id="02D8A4B7F4549191512224A580B34BEC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phrixothrix">
+<emphasis id="8B149C53C394D93A24B988E7BD1FF738" italics="true">S. phrixothrix</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are rotate and somewhat campanulate with the lobes reduced to tiny apiculae.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<mods:mods id="391497D988316A928E6098109539DF3A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="4C48FC4EA2A0D3052474936C7E423ABB">
+<mods:title id="333391E74A1B65F76C951E279468C0B4">Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new species in Hymenochaetales and one new species in Cantharellales from Southwestern China</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="C80D66250499C1D26A1D277498D777BF" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="6D647AC2A6C0D17B718621053E4A59EA">
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+<mods:namePart id="77DF6D9BB907F2B7021ECD4A5D0CAC39">Zhang, Jianling</mods:namePart>
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+<mods:affiliation id="97BF547461AF036D86B74DB4F74343FF">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:namePart id="250FB120978830E3D67FD53D91779C43">Gu, Zirui</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="19F348184DC26693F91DC44FAA34603C" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1476-9040</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="68AB81AFDF97EF1221CBFF5608C32FB7">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="01E01C8CEEBD372877D2D9748F66FCC3" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="F22E450ED49AEFD345029C72ED81A06B">
+<mods:roleTerm id="801C0F91C7B188F01DA511528655FB20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="D80233944A95DCAE48D08A1DE29DCEB9">Zhou, Chunqin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4257E9E0E6DCEB22BB32026969EA10D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8117-1537</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="14CC4D34C1FAD8177C147CC6A5BA7866">Yunnan Wumeng Mountains National Nature Reserve, Zhaotong 657000, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="CFFA93CC6D41B24A26C6763D455224D0" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="20308DCEAD986D806FD3E460302D1315">
+<mods:roleTerm id="CCCA5BFD0D93AB9045F76D1466F9E27A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="FC1367D9DDA6417C3069174834337B4F">Zhou, Hongmin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="177330C1C4B6BD2A193884EF630C790C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0724-5815</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="066E70FE5D4EC18D1C316EE8C4174D5A">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="2330396987B369425AD3C4CD5D84C8EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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+<mods:titleInfo id="33200EC97E9AAE947E0DA544FDF5BF1A">
+<mods:title id="927DE31967473BF8578A1056D6EAAEFE">MycoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="6BBA67E8D91DE8EA25BF06E6C883D654">
+<mods:date id="6653C9F06DEBDFFD1820FE6D93F8CEAE">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="A676352872A64377A7DDA344DEE91462" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="D81E0DA62937D93DCE048729818072E6">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="A216E58C0C2447774D73F0494FD49E2A" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="70F1A6A4A8E16CB9B8D41990D02A011D">115</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:extent id="CE319ACAD19B8386F93A0D097287DF6B" unit="page">
+<mods:start id="036E9D865A57F8C3AD49A8A0C18497A2">87</mods:start>
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+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="BEAFF80326A87F12F7FBC0701A788C37">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="7028DEA891F926F9BC471464665A910F" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="6A26C887B1E15969B95B1A49121DD126" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013497" ID-arpha="6A26C887-B1E1-5969-B95B-1A49121DD126" ID-mycobank="856343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A26C887B1E15969B95B1A49121DD126" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A26C887B1E15969B95B1A49121DD126">
+<subSubSection id="31F347600461305F20D84A5D8CB22F26" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="FA57B83FE5E57D0CB39077C9BEA5CDFF">
+<taxonomicName id="CD8E6713913F889C3FCB045551E09E90" authority="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulanoides" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="442D7C17B1B089658A9A61E761EEDEB5" italics="true">Xylodon granulanoides</emphasis>
+J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="B55CF4897F80A2379201C1D982C8EA49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="C100F3B7CB7EF12394BB7B35711BE4AF" type="description">
+<paragraph id="34307CBBBA1A076C656348B75520703A">
+<figureCitation id="681F320C17F501232331D5A8F32C3FE0" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 13. Basidiomata of Xylodon granulanoides (holotype, CLZhao 17253) A the front of the basidiomata B characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278305">Figs 13</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="D66EF07C15F7A3FEBBA99AA0A19F760C" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 14. Microscopic structures of Xylodon granulanoides (holotype, CLZhao 17253) A basidiospores B basidia and basidioles C cystidioles D – H cystidia I a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (A); 10 μm (B – I); 10 × 100 oil." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278306">14</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E11MM" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="28EEA698966A878EA4254D33D7D137FF">
+<heading id="E2826BAFCE401A7D35AE8BCDB63214B6" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8A180AEBCD39E8B159974AF8541BEEB4">
+<taxonomicName id="C88EC3F7911BEAB1559E8233589F6CE0" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulanoides">
+<emphasis id="3443BDFDB86BBEDDFDE33BF1B01479EB" italics="true">Xylodon granulanoides</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from
+<taxonomicName id="7183712365F2964F24AA9CD49995CF02" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulans">
+<emphasis id="BD1DB1AC9ABA5ABB23644269DBCD120B" italics="true">X. granulans</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. by its varied cystidia and broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores measuring 4.7–5.3 × 3.6–4.1 μm.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="FC6918CFA103A8EB3EDAED71765C5D5A" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure13" ID-arpha="850D861F-E6BE-5A55-8B2F-0D38DD340304" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278305" startId="F10">
+<paragraph id="062E6523016CD37B364A39A94C7BF4AA">
+<label id="241CF805F51FED9B90DB6EE9F6B475F4">Figure 13.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="238C59537191A003591C2EA0FD49A5DC">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="906E3E5B4C47A9ABE66144B105C0F014" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulanoides">
+<emphasis id="874532426C8E080098F070DF8ABAE74E" italics="true">Xylodon granulanoides</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 17253)
+<emphasis id="7AD17A752486A1AD54918CB51083551D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+the front of the basidiomata
+<emphasis id="105A95865EA9361EB309812FD0000704" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (
+<emphasis id="A286240786006EBFE332CDD375FEBB54" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 1 mm (
+<emphasis id="FF6B17F41B7EAB82DDBD2AE426E9A1D2" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EW3MM" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="F818FF53A2A92442A4793BAA683AA5F6">
+<heading id="939245DCCF517D2691E59A4F14964BBF" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="D3539C81FBAECB63926AF3A34906EBC9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="54A050C69399A090A76D3DEF624ED60C">
+<materialsCitation id="E4DD32FB0A50CB5DC96CBEC9EC951D08" collectingDate="2019-07-28" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Pingbian County" elevation="1753" latitude="23.366667" location="Wenshan National Nature Reserve" municipality="Wenshan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="F328E70CD0077E3EE4E1C10704D7D319" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="3F63F9E520AABE86DBC491FF4B5DAE6B" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="17FFD9055660097547202C436ABE6979">Wenshan</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="40038228126CC030AB9BD7042BD201AC">Pingbian County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="CBB298204003E0723B8811BBFF9C96EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A26C887B1E15969B95B1A49121DD126:CBB298204003E0723B8811BBFF9C96EC" country="China" county="Pingbian County" latitude="23.366667" municipality="Wenshan" name="Wenshan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Wenshan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E63MM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[104.550000,23.366667]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="D8E3C98DF1871FA216CCCC3D6A403BAC" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.366667">23 ° 22 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+, 103 ° 93 ' E
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="6A5D1BF943B92C2342D6C70D2A9689FE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.753" unit="m" value="1753.0">
+<quantity id="8EEC82CAC57D7B1138DB11A0AB0E4D88" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.753" unit="m" value="1753.0">1753 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm branch,
+<date id="D98910B7C73274EF8F5995A7DBC3A46A" value="2019-07-28">
+<collectingDate id="9E06BA9F81420F457D37339E57F6306B" value="2019-07-28">28 July 2019</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 17253 (
+<collectionCode id="7376B4014FC346233D56ECBAECC8057B" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="ABE243D4079227DFFBAD878E5004EA66" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure14" ID-arpha="35E9E582-5B0A-5D05-8BB0-B2B16657E9CE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278306" startId="F11">
+<paragraph id="81F896EC6E1274BFD12208FC377CE1EE">
+<label id="7E23B284999933B9394493F0428B550F">Figure 14.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="D41C7A57C70CD0464F5C6D2D80DA302F">
+Microscopic structures of
+<taxonomicName id="C10E862C9C1610BB169AFA3D0AA26397" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulanoides">
+<emphasis id="147454CD2C7C54E5E25C138D955C0732" italics="true">Xylodon granulanoides</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 17253)
+<emphasis id="8A499F47882B4E152A34AA63983E5DF2" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="3B8081C1649F2E627DB98BCBD3858B94" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+basidia and basidioles
+<emphasis id="29571D7BB22A1454A3DD4ECD806D1BE5" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+cystidioles
+<emphasis id="E3BFC1BE671863162D9276BE4BFA368D" bold="true">D – H</emphasis>
+cystidia
+<emphasis id="70936899C2465D1A33C6AB78939757CF" bold="true">I</emphasis>
+a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (
+<emphasis id="A400B18E668326960CF89A9ED6185D8E" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 10 μm (
+<emphasis id="941847133254BFA4E4B195042E275549" bold="true">B – I</emphasis>
+); 10 × 100 oil.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EK5MM" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="1C0F6C7553830EC74291ADA0470146E8">
+<heading id="37A531F7F47526572FDA89266DED1413" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="FBE743E5FCDC45ED5D5DF8015DFA0057">
+<emphasis id="E1920DBC9EF112FE0C4D7077E8FAE6E1" italics="true">Granulanoides</emphasis>
+(Lat.) refers to the new species’ resemblance to
+<taxonomicName id="E29341548635890D46F83F1F7AC5229B" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Schizoporaceae" genus="Xylodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="granulans">
+<emphasis id="604B63FA5A0CEF9467FF00A6DCFE6C7B" italics="true">Xylodon granulans</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EC6MM" type="description">
+<paragraph id="2773D113518624FA402C87031ACC4FF6">
+<heading id="A3A8334A8DFD0EB20F795769F289FD88" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="8011C7E05013F629CE6945CD27BD0079">
+<emphasis id="33C2BE5BC94A6CBDD89185759A37D4E7" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="B44D32790BAF702AA9098F43A15357B6" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiomata</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Annual, resupinate, adnate, membranous, without odor or taste when fresh, brittle when dry, up to
+<quantity id="0D0416452A105F81702119DCC6CBED51" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="cm" value="5.3">5.3 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="FD6F1557FFFE97C33B8BB4D9BC4A68A4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
+wide, and
+<quantity id="A9233A0FD6CC2DD198B25B16B5D0A6C9" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
+thick. Hymenial surfaces grandinioid, white to cream when fresh, cream to slightly buff upon drying. Sterile margin thin, indistinct, slightly cream, up to
+<quantity id="B82663E70FC0A1F7C6368EBBD69F833B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="0D048F3C0A84EDF933576FB91E5BAF32">
+<emphasis id="609AAB5A3CEFBDD7891A9FD8724700EC" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="543F6C58A63FD593C508623A1EECD42B" bold="true" italics="true">Hyphal system</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections slightly encrusted with crystals amongst generative hyphae, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, interwoven, 2.5–3.5 μm in diam,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EU6MM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EY6MM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="4ECF2795E29929E6513416E1471E70BB" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–; tissues unchanged in
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0E36MM" xlink_title="5% potassium hydroxide">KOH</abbrev>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="13658871BAFE889A48D069F91EF9B607">
+<emphasis id="98816A9AAC9852DB54DDE3DCD28E982E" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="CA1DEFB7BE280C10CDAA80C695E277C2" bold="true" italics="true">Hymenium</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Cystidia numerous, subclavate to cylindrical, or slightly subcapitate, hyaline, thin-walled, 9.5–29.0 × 4.0–9.5 μm; cystidioles are present, subcapitate, hyaline, thin-walled, 13.5–21.0 × 5.0–9.0 μm. Basidia subcylindrical to clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 11.0–16.0 × 4.0–5.5 µm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
+<emphasis id="0437215C111F1FBF0B3DD4C332A7766E" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="39C012C4CA65CE099909840EF790A4A3" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiospores</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Broadly ellipsoid, part has a large drop of oil, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELANM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPANM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="83C59F6486654CC7CD605D245E848852" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–, (4.6 –) 4.7–5.3 (– 5.3) × (3.4 –) 3.6–4.1 (– 4.2) μm, L = 4.92 μm, W = 3.90 μm, Q = 1.26 (n = 30 / 1).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0506747d98
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+<mods:titleInfo id="333022D521319DD03320BA9559BECF51">
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+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="EB6FED088342D574CCF7C775D9FE65ED" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="53ECE952D0BE647591B4F5D5F8158C09">
+<mods:roleTerm id="0D6573D5F3E472C9DCC1C15744384069">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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+<mods:affiliation id="CE5390B5AD4D3C8B6D48546A7C32C9CC">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:namePart id="5F3B3EF51FD192A1E90CC5D58BBD26D4">Gouvêa, Yuri F.</mods:namePart>
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+<mods:affiliation id="8C40A91DF5C7AE6B44CA95774397B2BB">Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="9B79E1A9404F2EF50D52527DAE673D55" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="F7D1E04856B3AEBD8EB017B1A50148CA">
+<mods:roleTerm id="54EB9451114641087D85A03B70E77BA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="993B743C53067D9C03C727E71094B05E">Giacomin, Leandro L.</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA580DCE03DF6F08551F2ABF552B9B14" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8862-4042</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="EC214DD14161F679D36B5DACA6CEE2DE">Departamento de Sistemática & Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051 - 0900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="D176FD15D0DE210E5B3A3080E8BCCEAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
+<mods:relatedItem id="41591FCC7C40CBB0B8510D1438975A2E" type="host">
+<mods:titleInfo id="BFCDBB8B290ABBD9729292698E74A4A9">
+<mods:title id="3DC90772275104D71BCC3DF4959F3141">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="AFFB31506CAD2A6B07535078702B5CE5">
+<mods:date id="1050B1C92D62F2E2DC613F2379ACC3B9">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="FA73A0BC8C4043F6C4A7ACD087D50CFD" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="27A89A91E804B71E108EBA9F99BDB99C">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="6ACD8E11A335CB1F0B057A4261011EE5" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="715639F521C3B9FC5EE66FB6921FAC23">253</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:extent id="7A9138631DE60398E04D5B4773B2F719" unit="page">
+<mods:start id="6A9435E56408AEB3C468F815B65ED08E">199</mods:start>
+<mods:end id="1A8858AF7BAD1B08529EF67239ADCF6B">259</mods:end>
+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="8C4BEC2CC1A600B6E2163CD7041C5621">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="B3921C2EFE16E24886F6654D5F1C135B" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="88E2C4920A735F9CAC6CC74ADD79D5B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013460" ID-arpha="88E2C492-0A73-5F9C-AC6C-C74ADD79D5B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88E2C4920A735F9CAC6CC74ADD79D5B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88E2C4920A735F9CAC6CC74ADD79D5B1">
+<subSubSection id="0530346438EE896ACD4732064C013D1B" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="52478A9B53392B2AE1AB088229505143">
+<heading id="90D965E3DD3AC9E23121315CEC2B1BAE" reason="label">6.</heading>
+<taxonomicName id="9D6E6257EB23F11E156C20A41E8838A1" ID-CoL="4Y4D5" authority="Hiern., Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. 1877" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="5A354994EE9261B8A1A4418C8553A512" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+Hiern., Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. 1877
+</taxonomicName>
+–78: 53. 1878.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="F566B4F67FDE4B0093C9605687C81888" type="description">
+<paragraph id="51F6065CEA2CBCF656C4754A2A2E9274">
+<figureCitation id="22EB5D28D94F196B472284D85C1B534B" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum sublentum A habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges B habit C habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests D habit in rocky inselberg E stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence F leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing G variation in leaf bases and lobing H inflorescence I long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism J mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (B, F, H – J Gouvêa & Guerrero 452; D Stehmann et al. 6370; E, G Stehmann et al. 6372). Photos: A, B, H – J Yuri F. Gouvêa C, D, E, G João R. Stehmann." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="1BCBA05827B0A7DCF89B901B263CBF09" type="reference_group">
+<paragraph id="CCEFD2311105600FB43F4395664B6E68">
+<treatmentCitationGroup id="1DF8D9A029C05F3DF660CF742CAA8A81">
+<treatmentCitation id="472116B46CF52DD5E5C1B41625CE555C">
+<taxonomicName id="F47C424DA8537E0F462E8E17E53D3B2B" ID-CoL="4Y4R9" authority="Witasek, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wettsteinianum">
+<emphasis id="CAB90F4A80935C3153197C89BA663264" italics="true">Solanum wettsteinianum</emphasis>
+Witasek, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.
+</taxonomicName>
+- Naturwiss. Kl. 79 (advance separate): 50. 1910. Type.
+<collectingCountry id="95F73B1FEE369350A0FE413A94FB9BB7" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
+.
+<collectingRegion id="79442FA08937A64EB9F296E935A94F69" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
+: prope “ Fazenda Bella Vista ” in districtu urbis S. Cruz ad flumen Rio Pardo,
+<quantity id="791AE54F3EF3934F422D5D4964001991" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
+alt.,
+<date id="89C7B38EC4F6456EC189692359EC8E43" value="1901-07">Jul 1901</date>
+,
+<emphasis id="79469AFFFCC19B95889FBCBEA9993261" italics="true">R. von Wettstein s. n.</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="6F65D395F5177107D35ABDC1CDDD71C2" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
+, designated here: WU [acc. # 0038006]).
+</treatmentCitation>
+</treatmentCitationGroup>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ERABK" type="material">
+<paragraph id="196B95E23DECA5CA95C1E3C44E7F1BC6">
+<heading id="52E8DB661DA884FC9F220E40A4080FF5" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="575C893915FA2B223F28C543DFC5E3C9">Type</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="65298054E6C57C4667B442D89A5697DE">
+<collectingCountry id="EA22E69D8B8E0ADAF0E28D10646BA181" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
+.
+<collectingRegion id="A2C37A2114455EB9C4355BA7E37CA7AE" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
+: Lagoa Santa, [
+<date id="A075447D0458FA0A1870732B1F9341AB" value="1863-02-24">24 Feb 1863</date>
+],
+<emphasis id="01EB30B1ACF264B7DE92AC9609833CD9" italics="true">E. Warming s. n.</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="251EA53733391495EF7AC0D5EE3C4F3F" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
+, designated here: C [C 10019316]; possible
+<typeStatus id="05577C760C6772B830028A1C64212BBD" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
+: [note date on sheet is 1866] S [acc. # S 04-2985]).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EZABK" type="description">
+<paragraph id="0BE62A5BF9DB33F002A1F04CACEFE2B7">
+<heading id="D8F4A21BAB38800A1DC747E3E97B9ECE" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="9E6CECFDA2820D795F849E45B90A117C">
+Shrubs
+<quantity id="967020849EA8CB8D0F8C809D176B4A6E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
+, erect or sometimes somewhat prostrate, armed. Stems terete, densely glandular-pubescent and sparsely prickly, the trichomes weak, simple uniseriate ca.
+<quantity id="1F0D26448DE2160E4DAE4075F8A8797F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
+long with glandular tips, mixed with sparse short-stalked porrect stellate trichomes with 6–7 rays to
+<quantity id="A27563B4C80365B42A3A69F1DD22DE94" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+long, the mid-point to
+<quantity id="E83A6D94B902EE5B237FE7ED904193F0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+long, gland-tipped or eglandular, the prickles
+<quantity id="CF0C57D53FB09288E7217415EBA095E7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 cm</quantity>
+long, slightly to strongly curved and broad-based, ca.
+<quantity id="04F2C37778436B01E76BDC1CC1CF5EAE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 cm</quantity>
+in diameter at the base; new growth densely glandular pubescent with mixed simple and stellate trichomes like the stems; bark of older stems pale greyish-brown, somewhat glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves shallowly lobed and repand, much smaller in younger branches; blades (5)
+<quantity id="1A96EBC92ECB1F5B5FFC5FB007BFD359" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.85" unit="cm" value="12.75" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="8.5">8.5–17 cm</quantity>
+long, (3)
+<quantity id="CBDA86FB86E7E6233D3815FAD3F1172D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="6.0">6–13 cm</quantity>
+wide, ca. 1.3–1.6 times as long as wide, broadly elliptic or ovate, widest at or just below the middle, membranous, concolorous, sparsely prickly on both surfaces along the veins with straight prickles
+<quantity id="FBDABCA050C55409E3A19B7658BC91CC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1 cm</quantity>
+long; adaxial surface densely pubescent with a mix of short-stalked porrect stellate trichomes with 5–7 rays ca.
+<quantity id="B1119883A41C7FABA5244D4FD4B35CC7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+long, trichomes consisting of solely unicellular or multicellular gland-tipped mid-points to
+<quantity id="B40B4842DC9068458F6BD926EB6E3B74" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
+long (probably derived from stellate trichomes) and sessile, papillate glands composed of 4 cells; abaxial surface pubescent like the adaxial surface, but lacking the sessile papillate glands, also with delicate sessile porrect stellate trichomes with 4–5 rays ca.
+<quantity id="620A161D43C24F2AB79CAB0ABD792116" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
+long and mid-points shorter than the rays, these underneath the dense layer of larger short-stalked trichomes; principal veins 4–5 pairs, usually sparsely prickly on both surfaces with straight prickles to
+<quantity id="8F659A6B9FE238E58B7AE337F7C6141E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
+long; base somewhat cordate-angular to hastate or sagittate-hastate from the basiscopically directed lowest leaf lobes, occasionally acute to abruptly attenuate, usually not decurrent on to the petiole; margins shallowly and broadly lobed, the lobes 4–5, 1–2.5 long,
+<quantity id="B9132DC42262647B528ABF30EE285219" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
+wide, apically acute to acuminate, sometimes minutely secondarily lobed, the sinuses less than 1 / 4 of the way to the mid-rib; apex acute to acuminate; petiole (1 -)
+<quantity id="D5C0237CF3AF7B2F35D808451CFEAD9A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–7 cm</quantity>
+long, prickly with straight prickles to
+<quantity id="96D715028AE95B4DBC057D6B7824DE21" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
+long, densely glandular pubescent like the stems with a mix of simple trichomes apparently consisting of unicellular or multicellular mid-points with glandular tips and sparse porrect stellate trichomes. Inflorescences internodal,
+<quantity id="34B7876A2D4BDD3D0AF392A5F57DF50E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.0">2–9 cm</quantity>
+long, unbranched, with 3–6 flowers. but only one open at a time; axes densely glandular pubescent like the stems with a mix of unicellular and multicellular gland-tipped simple uniseriate trichomes (derived from mid-points of stellate trichomes) and sparse porrect stellate trichomes with glandular mid-points; peduncle
+<quantity id="D7B3FC7059A675AC266C0A11E34B3942" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–5 cm</quantity>
+long; pedicels
+<quantity id="16803038109B7D373C164F9D7260C155" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
+long, ca.
+<quantity id="9DDA472A3EF389CF09286E70BD28B0AA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+in diameter at the base, ca.
+<quantity id="C2D50883F9F2523459FD9A53717543C4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
+in diameter at the apex (excluding trichomes), erect to spreading, densely glandular pubescent like the inflorescence axes and stems and occasionally with a few straight prickles, articulated at the base; pedicel scars more or less evenly spaced
+<quantity id="B44802AB80E7B3954AECC9542554B10E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
+apart, further apart in fruit, distally and, in young inflorescences, more tightly packed. Buds globose to ovoid, the corolla ca. halfway exerted from the calyx tube just before anthesis. Flowers 5 - merous, co-sexual or perhaps a few distal flowers short-styled and functionally staminate, the plants only weakly andromonoecious. Calyx with the tube
+<quantity id="1FA206596216F32E2D35D681DD7D58FA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="7602FADB079F95536FED989C2C5CE112" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
+in diameter, deeply to shallowly broadly cup-shaped, plicate from the fused bases of adjacent lobes, usually invaginate at the base, the lobes
+<quantity id="239F96A7152EB1FB6731FED3DBF3633E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="33729B18B0BCB272081D81CD704959A8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.3" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.3">2.3–5 mm</quantity>
+wide, long-triangular, apically acuminate, densely glandular pubescent with a mix of simple uniseriate (mid-points?) and sparse short-stalked or sessile stellate trichomes, often with a few straight prickles
+<quantity id="346F69587BDFE1382DDF6C25A3A2D3F7" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
+long on the main veins abaxially. Corolla
+<quantity id="0D6D7AA49C0FD8F8EBCD7290008BDF38" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5 cm</quantity>
+in diameter, purple to pale violet or white, shallowly stellate, lobed ca. 1 / 4 of the way to the base, interpetalar tissue thin, glabrous, the lobes
+<quantity id="7C30295613B1BF7FE48CA7567A22AE80" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="62202C355F5C720215205465434DB0AC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.1" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="11.0">11–19 mm</quantity>
+wide, spreading to slightly cupped, densely pubescent abaxially where exposed in bud with short-stalked and sessile stellate trichomes, these occasionally glandular, glabrous adaxially, but occasionally with a few minute prickles along the veins. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments
+<quantity id="0626CC0234D89979564512113E16AF20" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
+long, glabrous; anthers
+<quantity id="9E33E641172E5A7ECC0FC2182594DC80" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.5" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.5">8.5–9 mm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="E03089F82B857DAF83B6F56DC1EACA83" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.6" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3 mm</quantity>
+wide, broadly lanceolate and tapering, connivent, glabrous, yellow, abaxially swollen in the lower half (gibbous) and somewhat papillate, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style
+<quantity id="1F66F931E83A8FC2873E09006279C9F0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 mm</quantity>
+long, glabrous, widening markedly distally; stigma clavate or broadly capitate, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry,
+<quantity id="05C1F5DDAC0671CB903474BDBD922DFF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" unit="cm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2 cm</quantity>
+in diameter, green or pale whitish-green, glabrous, the pericarp matte when dry, opaque, the berry completely enclosed in the accrescent saccate calyx; fruiting pedicel
+<quantity id="FD9ACA6C467421803E06438DBB246BFD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="cm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.5 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="9943B88E1B61D245674A582F173C5ECB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
+in diameter at the base,
+<quantity id="57CA00766985E6C2CBBD6070BBB500C9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
+in diameter at the apex, spreading or pendent from the weight of the fruit; fruiting calyx strongly accrescent, inflated and invaginate, exceeding the length of the berry, but not completely enclosing it, the tube
+<quantity id="984AA9D29D2BAD4C130FF8ABED9D283B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
+long, saccate (invaginate) at the base, the lobes
+<quantity id="7308E8B5D9080E9193E2492D6905F519" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 cm</quantity>
+long, often broken in dried specimens, not overlapping, densely glandular pubescent and occasionally prickly like the calyx in flower. Seeds 80–100 per berry, ca.
+<quantity id="8BF02DF7EC8F92110C71CC2466DCB668" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
+long, ca.
+<quantity id="9FA4DE1409C3FF2972C6152F6F9AB2E7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
+wide, flattened reniform, reddish-brown when dry, the surface minutely pitted, the testal cells thick-walled and sinuate in outline. Chromosome number not known.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="756A1F706690E2A525587502746AD4EF" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" ID-arpha="DC2145C2-E97E-5213-B58F-21FAE890F4E7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593" startId="F13">
+<paragraph id="942D4B302404C2B5E0E018D135CF250A">
+<label id="7F085CD4E5C2EA820FB9250C49BDAC26">Figure 13.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="7C282393E65349D723213ABF11CC26BC">
+<taxonomicName id="E5208EADED85C90B1EB7827C9A524BA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="46255C19098B4EEF187AA6348DC60083" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="A1AC29C3AB4986CA4A9D85FB4113A4F7" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges
+<emphasis id="CA83E187BA60BE1207AC21186996308A" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+habit
+<emphasis id="D72C7D75D650C582B2224C1A416E1D23" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests
+<emphasis id="FDFAD49D04094EE6C4E7C8084CAA9DA0" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+habit in rocky inselberg
+<emphasis id="112C6F3E7DC322E9F12ED23525624399" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence
+<emphasis id="F480553293D0223E58F63FE3B11ECB12" bold="true">F</emphasis>
+leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing
+<emphasis id="8668321B93DCCE3CCB445042DEEF3CE8" bold="true">G</emphasis>
+variation in leaf bases and lobing
+<emphasis id="DE98172F011C1AA1811B2397F9AEEC1F" bold="true">H</emphasis>
+inflorescence
+<emphasis id="D6A507B444F246C966A514A68D374CC0" bold="true">I</emphasis>
+long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism
+<emphasis id="7C65A94CA3164A0CE185F8ACE3A078D6" bold="true">J</emphasis>
+mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (
+<emphasis id="F1B395BF97CE285B4BDB0FAA90703317" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="19F23BC5C5446FCCF4DFD77052A0425C" bold="true">F, H – J</emphasis>
+<emphasis id="4B2F5D33D1D5F402AFEFC78BBB1EA3CE" italics="true">Gouvêa & Guerrero</emphasis>
+452;
+<emphasis id="372A964CE349CB6B7FF5411CEA5C56EA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+<emphasis id="371E2A1D6093061FCF9F8EA3F399F2A3" italics="true">Stehmann et al. 6370</emphasis>
+;
+<emphasis id="5C306914998919BF4196C36E654F5821" bold="true">E, G</emphasis>
+<emphasis id="3F8688670EF5CBEFD78614A01F26E005" italics="true">Stehmann et al. 6372</emphasis>
+). Photos:
+<emphasis id="58BE8631D38AC111728F67F8BE9CC3AD" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="CE46146E735D46970A3A2F97770A1034" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="1421256071F0CB479839E08667CE2474" bold="true">H – J</emphasis>
+Yuri F. Gouvêa
+<emphasis id="439562C77BA1EA4B1AD9F700ABD707AC" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="08B30860E7BF90EC85389DF0FEBFF09E" bold="true">D, E, G</emphasis>
+João R. Stehmann.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ECDBK" type="distribution">
+<paragraph id="D18A345FA9DF4DFFF115AB1932CB9170">
+<heading id="74E8278F2BB95164A19F86102E3E4FE0" reason="title">Distribution</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="92CBB38169ADBD982C7A2CBBCE8E28AC">
+(Fig.
+<figureCitation id="BFF2CCA775E5C561027D708FBF0159FE" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of S. sublentum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278594">14</figureCitation>
+).
+<taxonomicName id="F80EA88818FE8E62BAD49BD7200523AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="A625D6B10F8C8BB1A45506AF6805F925" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is recorded to south-eastern and central
+<collectingCountry id="7834E69CDD55C573842AD71CDE043D05" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
+, in the States of
+<collectingRegion id="DA95AE0FA8B388A1EB6E6A566645E07C" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingRegion id="2A17A25264B1D02FE3DB5F5A389539DC" country="Brazil" name="Goias">Goiás</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingRegion id="DA4AFD1AE6A67D017AA7E1267F1F5FC3" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingRegion id="045EC0EC2B54558F4EEF5260CDFE3FA6" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
+and
+<collectingRegion id="89C8B4E0BB5BC3F4FEF0B5C382EA1E25" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
+. The collection from
+<collectingRegion id="46AA932E5CB96BC386C0B437CD613FF6" country="Brazil" name="Goias">Goiás</collectingRegion>
+is discontinuous from the rest of the species range (see discussion).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EXDBK" type="ecology">
+<paragraph id="8F70C03AFB9EC48CE89B0C2AAAC7402C">
+<heading id="73E8C56565FC8639E85EC50F5FD9A20E" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="DBCF64BC432C1544B8D972E17EFCFF30">
+<taxonomicName id="64F7EC73C6556F894FE47AA71A5B3859" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="008AE0A273571D82084D5CDE03C59C0F" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+occupies primarily forest understory, edges and clearings of wet coastal and semi-deciduous forests in the Atlantic Forest domain (Mata Atlântica; Fig.
+<figureCitation id="6AF7C532C3DAD6C12581208BCB950547" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum sublentum A habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges B habit C habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests D habit in rocky inselberg E stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence F leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing G variation in leaf bases and lobing H inflorescence I long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism J mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (B, F, H – J Gouvêa & Guerrero 452; D Stehmann et al. 6370; E, G Stehmann et al. 6372). Photos: A, B, H – J Yuri F. Gouvêa C, D, E, G João R. Stehmann." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593">13 A, B</figureCitation>
+), as well as semi-deciduous and deciduous seasonally dry tropical forests (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="E4EEA60819F701B7442F113FE5B0B540" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum sublentum A habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges B habit C habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests D habit in rocky inselberg E stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence F leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing G variation in leaf bases and lobing H inflorescence I long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism J mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (B, F, H – J Gouvêa & Guerrero 452; D Stehmann et al. 6370; E, G Stehmann et al. 6372). Photos: A, B, H – J Yuri F. Gouvêa C, D, E, G João R. Stehmann." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593">13 C, D</figureCitation>
+) in ecotonal zones or within savannah matrices in the Cerrado domain. The forests where
+<taxonomicName id="2338F82665D580630D5E42190E126923" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="402B566D84DFD122343D922C4079FA4F" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+occurs can be associated with granite / gneiss (wet and semi-deciduous forests in coastal and sub-coastal regions) and limestone or basaltic (inland seasonally dry tropical forests in savannah matrices) outcrops, it is the only species in the group and one of the few American species of
+<taxonomicName id="0F5BCAC3BA3FE8E35AC85365FD4B0801" baseAuthorityName="Vellozo" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="460F19707DD5963CE2B8896E1E6B1CC5" italics="true">Solanum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+found in STDFs associated with limestone outcrops.
+<taxonomicName id="837C6FD992E4EB6EDDBDF1D833007920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="4510C52525DEBD8C535B66E2FD4A2DE6" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+grows both in deep soils and in rock cavities, in fissures and in small, shallow soil patches that accumulate on bare rocks (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="5D99175D75D0CCB95E111C609FD98237" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum sublentum A habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges B habit C habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests D habit in rocky inselberg E stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence F leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing G variation in leaf bases and lobing H inflorescence I long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism J mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (B, F, H – J Gouvêa & Guerrero 452; D Stehmann et al. 6370; E, G Stehmann et al. 6372). Photos: A, B, H – J Yuri F. Gouvêa C, D, E, G João R. Stehmann." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593">13 D</figureCitation>
+); from sea level to
+<quantity id="1731B5F562080F6FABEE1AE8FA509319" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
+elevation.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="CEE03A1CEDA83DB7C0B645CBEB9E6D5A" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure14" ID-arpha="6907D1C8-1BA5-53ED-BDF2-1EAFED4B8480" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278594" startId="F14">
+<paragraph id="317B0C6AE52A0F175C964C3AAE51E5C3">
+<label id="445AB0C0FFFECDD0B8BAB433FB5EBC34">Figure 14.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="B4A79C11B7CC5B9D282716BB34B32F81">
+Distribution of
+<emphasis id="13B439EF655D1A26F278D94834CFC2B3" italics="true">
+<taxonomicName id="983893B4DDFFCB8B40168D5FD772DBFC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">S. sublentum</taxonomicName>
+.
+</emphasis>
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EHGBK" type="Common names and uses">
+<paragraph id="80A0C9A8599430DC26422CAD168BC527">
+<heading id="2784D97FA3ADEA381370392621BA4F89" reason="title">Common names and uses.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="B557167F3C2B16DC66779BCBEADEAEBA">None recorded.</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EMGBK" type="Preliminary conservation status">
+<paragraph id="9701C956806A1CAF13FFAD41F3E3BB8E">
+<heading id="5049ED4D7558C6EFA0B4F604C62FDC39" reason="title">Preliminary conservation status</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="407A38D4263AC89069D91545DCED4E71">
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="0AF88C9DDB817F497B84DE6B70D87735" refId="B45" refString="IUCN (2020) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [accessed 26 June 2024]" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
+).
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWGBK" xlink_title="Extent of Occurrence">EOO</abbrev>
+(
+<quantity id="6A2C39EB236F1DC743BB0662530F78B7" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.42872" unit="km" value="642872.0">642,872 km</quantity>
+<superScript id="A18CEF96D01F02F9659E81F29E107849">2</superScript>
+, LC);
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3GBK" xlink_title="Area of Occupancy">AOO</abbrev>
+(
+<quantity id="76D85F3995C9E9BD8DC14772C824147E" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" unit="km" value="72.0">72 km</quantity>
+<superScript id="9E750C8CB4B684E90FC1531FAA30BCB7">2</superScript>
+, EN).
+<taxonomicName id="8AA9FFBFF9E4624B90D4060D7BF5BD33" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="44606CAA911257BBC5AABE2E7359163E" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is known from eight localities (including the extremely disjunct occurrence in the State of
+<collectingRegion id="1A49E0DCA4EDB80319F9A05E48B86442" country="Brazil" name="Goias">Goiás</collectingRegion>
+), at least three of which are in protected areas (Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, Estação Biológica de Caratinga in
+<collectingRegion id="5852B88281DF5FE617A9686DBA3B4C00" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
+; Parque Municipal Sombra da Tarde in
+<collectingRegion id="88A49B0557B1E4E1A9058D3EACB77121" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espirito Santo State</collectingRegion>
+) with other collections from the mountains near
+<collectingRegion id="3A23CBD9D9499CAB99B1BCAE49193502" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
+in what is now Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgãos (e. g. “ Organ Mount ”). Even with the disjunct occurrence in
+<collectingRegion id="32103CC1DD815FA9A8A860BF5052A91C" country="Brazil" name="Goias">Goiás</collectingRegion>
+excluded,
+<taxonomicName id="5FD8BC31F8CB455A3B41B80236E51232" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="634284C980C61299D61F1C0397EE057F" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+has the largest extent of occurrence of any of the species of the
+<taxonomicName id="62C2AA0AFD1DA4A254ED7A6B43EDEC5D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexandrum">
+<emphasis id="5D82F0DEC391360ACF7F700B4511B53C" italics="true">S. hexandrum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+group. Nevertheless, due to the extreme level of habitat alteration in the region where it occurs and the paucity of recent collections (most of those used in calculating the
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDIBK" xlink_title="Extent of Occurrence">EOO</abbrev>
+are more than a century old), we consider it of some conservation concern and suggest a preliminary status of Near Threatened, based on criteria B 2 a, b ii, iii, iv.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EHIBK" type="discussion">
+<paragraph id="02571F5AB5E9291467454A855DE258AF">
+<heading id="1A4EF6A017C7799F1FED3970A3A99C1D" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E1EE7FCA30ECA95DFA0EB17226641B2C">
+<taxonomicName id="42C1E97A956F0A168058F3016998B0E7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="43D0B4EE12C85B4CDDBF550A27AB5A1B" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is easily distinguishable from other members of this group in its markedly plicate accrescent calyces that exceed, but do not completely enclose the berries and simple, glandular pubescence with a mix of much less abundant stellate trichomes.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E9741F1A6FB723618D95619A15F77123">
+The majority of trichomes of
+<taxonomicName id="2EF255FE32BF6CA2B9A28160C43A4B63" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="52E2385140B012535EE42B1608C07281" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are simple, uniseriate and unicellular or multicellular. Their shape and overall morphology suggest they are structurally analogous to mid-points of stellate trichomes without rays, like those that occur in the
+<taxonomicName id="FDF94F23F29ADE08379ABF397E0CD035" rank="section" section="Acanthophora">Acanthophora</taxonomicName>
+clade (
+<bibRefCitation id="E51CE72EBF18C26C0F6F66544AF4FEEB" author="Nee" firstAuthor="Nee" refId="B77" refString="Nee M (1979) A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison." year="1979">Nee 1979</bibRefCitation>
+;
+<bibRefCitation id="2C86A54793798E0BA85AF3A07EC8871E" DOI="10.1002/tax.12990" author="Hilgenhof" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hilgenhof" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pagination="811-847" refId="B43" refString="Hilgenhof R, Gagnon E, Knapp S, Aubriot X, Tepe EJ, Bohs L, Giacomin LL, Gouvêa YF, Martine CT, Orejuela A, Orozco CI, Peralta IE, Särkinen T (2023) Morphological trait evolution in Solanum (Solanaceae): Evolutionary lability of key taxonomic characters. Taxon 72 (4): 811–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12990" title="Morphological trait evolution in Solanum (Solanaceae): Evolutionary lability of key taxonomic characters." volume="72" year="2023">Hilgenhof et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
+) and most members of the
+<taxonomicName id="FF92AA9F6EBADFCB6A9C812F4EB9E06B" rank="section" section="Gonatotrichum">
+<emphasis id="0E800B06AB233513E7C3D07FA93F2552" italics="true">Gonatotrichum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+group of the Brevantherum clade (
+<bibRefCitation id="69FD2846B1E84B7FD4198CDA987769D7" DOI="10.1600/036364413X666624" author="Stern" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stern" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pagination="471-496" refId="B101" refString="Stern S, Giacomin LL, Stehmann JR, Knapp S (2013) A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 38: 471–496. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" title="A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae)." volume="38" year="2013">Stern et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="DEA861A83BABB5E08BF53199D70E3B2C">
+The single collection of
+<taxonomicName id="66563D1EF1F7E25893C43F6C7DFF6F44" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="DAD513871A15A8E441113D267A17261F" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+from
+<collectingRegion id="0A2E950DCFEBA69F24811B6A2BA2EEF9" country="Brazil" name="Goias">Goiás</collectingRegion>
+(
+<emphasis id="68AE7709F665BC3223431940A30BD3E9" italics="true">Hatschbach 34747</emphasis>
+) is from Mun. Jataí, in the extreme southwest of the State. The habitat is stated as “ clareiras da mata ” (forest clearings) and the area in which it was collected was a remnant of the now very restricted Atlantic Forest. The southernmost portion of
+<collectingRegion id="50A30E1AA990A7300D3EE09ADDC25CDF" country="Brazil" name="Goias">Goiás State</collectingRegion>
+is the original limit of the Atlantic Rainforest domain in central
+<collectingCountry id="77B735760713AE0C42989F6B0192BE66" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
+and an ecotonal zone with the Cerrado domain, where contiguous forested formations were found in the past (IBGE 2012). These mostly semi-deciduous forests were either considered part of the Cerrado (“ Cerradão ”) or the Atlantic Rainforest itself. They have been largely converted first to cattle farming and later to soy and corn plantations (
+<bibRefCitation id="F23E7AFA5280760FB06FF54CEB684B41" DOI="10.5216/bgg.v27i2.2662" author="Oliveira" firstAuthor="Oliveira" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Boletim Goiano de Geografia" pagination="153-179" refId="B81" refString="Oliveira IJ (2007) Dinâmica da ocupação das terras no município de Jataí (GO) e sua relação com o meio físico. Boletim Goiano de Geografia 27 (2): 153–179. https://doi.org/10.5216/bgg.v27i2.2662" title="Dinâmica da ocupação das terras no município de Jataí (GO) e sua relação com o meio físico." volume="27" year="2007">Oliveira 2007</bibRefCitation>
+). No recent collections from this locality have been seen, so recollection there is a priority.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="B6D91755CA02BFBB1D3C2E68DBA92002">
+<taxonomicName id="7138A7F55CDE501EFEF1FB3E777BD72D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="D0FE1D3257D5E6CFC791C69332E42BB4" italics="true">Solanum sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is similar to
+<taxonomicName id="193AF25A041F4D6869BFE993105E92CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="9F3D09BD83936567F4DE8F622BACDB57" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+in possessing glandular indument and strongly accrescent, inflated and invaginate fruiting calyx lobes. The pubescence of
+<taxonomicName id="0906FFDAB0C3AD3D4105DAD2E71AABF5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="2DA9903C76B45EBBA14591717CBB3405" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is of unbranched trichomes (the bases and mid-points of modified stellate trichomes), while that of
+<taxonomicName id="DB4524F0A28818069C77D9E9DDF3DD05" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="495767F5E4BD1C2AAE47D71CE6AC0D3D" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is of long-stalked stellate trichomes with glands on each ray tip. Prickles in
+<taxonomicName id="BACABF072ED8A85A1D12A5D1AAD7062E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="049F74870065E48FE96F3CB8AEC4356E" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are sparse and recurved, whereas those of
+<taxonomicName id="42D9C9214419988991CC711CE6509BA1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="64FEA4CD9C17A78DE0D14946495601F8" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are straight and denser especially on stems. The calyx completely covers the berry in
+<taxonomicName id="B9ECA42F9D0D0240F5FE44540439F39A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare">
+<emphasis id="5849358C580D5A339F59B2C39FABAC74" italics="true">S. aciculare</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(Fig.
+<figureCitation id="8EA4538C217FE4ADFFE22B0826D2E5F5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum aciculare A habit in open area B habit along rock face C inflorescence with bud D inflorescence with open short-styled flower E calyx at anthesis F short-styled flowers (note colour change over anthesis) G long-styled flower H mature berry with calyx removed I stem section with glandular long-stalked stellate and multangulate trichomes and straight acicular prickles (A, D, G Gouvêa 283; B, H Gouvêa 281; C, E, F, I Gouvêa 280). Photos: Yuri F. Gouvêa ." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278581">2 H</figureCitation>
+) while, in
+<taxonomicName id="654AEBF68E429EC07AE564655F13C9E3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">
+<emphasis id="CED7A6A0FE832A9784EB08777586A7D6" italics="true">S. sublentum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+, the berry is clearly visible (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="44D33076315509F48D3FA530B8A2BE00" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Solanum sublentum A habitat of arboreal restinga (coastal scrub-forest transition) forest edges B habit C habitat in seasonally dry deciduous forests D habit in rocky inselberg E stem with recurved prickles and unbranched glandular pubescence F leaf with cordate base and secondary lobing G variation in leaf bases and lobing H inflorescence I long-styled flowers showing colour polymorphism J mature berry with accrescent invaginate calyx (B, F, H – J Gouvêa & Guerrero 452; D Stehmann et al. 6370; E, G Stehmann et al. 6372). Photos: A, B, H – J Yuri F. Gouvêa C, D, E, G João R. Stehmann." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.138216.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278593">13 J</figureCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E36BA39BF00A900AA87B38B80DEA7547">
+Many different collecting dates are written on the Warming collections at C used by
+<bibRefCitation id="5A7C82DDA2B55391ABF94677E1C8111A" author="Hiern WP" firstAuthor="Hiern" refId="B42" refString="Hiern WP (1878) Symbolae ad floram Brasiliae centralis cognoscendam. Edit. E. Warming Particula XXIII. Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Gesneraceae, Verbenaceae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn 1877–1878: 37–108." year="1878">Hiern (1878)</bibRefCitation>
+to describe
+<emphasis id="C773C6F855ADCCCE00D225CED9762D22" italics="true">
+<taxonomicName id="67C557E71F3606EED61801540D74FC59" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">S. sublentum</taxonomicName>
+.
+</emphasis>
+We have chosen the only sheet with both flowers and fruits (C 10010316), showing the characteristic saccate calyx in fruit of
+<emphasis id="D52F3A5E38411E4A7A6253C16C801705" italics="true">
+<taxonomicName id="B7591219D880721333CCE8B55AC7E0CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublentum">S. sublentum</taxonomicName>
+.
+</emphasis>
+The many
+<typeStatus id="FE17B24638E20B5E0466F124E8823B60" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
+collections in Copenhagen and sent elsewhere by Hiern have a confusing panoply of dates and some may be
+<typeStatus id="808E3F550555F240A8F50508B761C2EC" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
+, but, in the absence of unambiguous dates on these sheets, we do not recognise them as such. The sheet we here cite as a possible
+<typeStatus id="84B1C499B254E7737FA036B8160BD203" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
+at S (acc. # S 04-2985) has a label stating 1866, so it too is likely not a duplicate, but it is the only original material we have seen outside of Copenhagen.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/91/04/FC/9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954.xml b/data/91/04/FC/9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f85d73513c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/91/04/FC/9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+<document id="B5A2454E12AD8705A7BA91C81B2A1B13" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433" ID-publisher-id="142433" URI-arpha="210B90BF-6384-597E-80DA-10891BB70C99" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741792483277" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Jianling, Gu, Zirui, Zhou, Chunqin & Zhou, Hongmin" docDate="2025" docId="9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 115: 87-135" docOrigin="MycoKeys 115" docSource="https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/142433/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docTitle="Botryobasidium daweishanense J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="210B90BF6384597E80DA10891BB70C99" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new species in Hymenochaetales and one new species in Cantharellales from Southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1741793082475" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
+<mods:mods id="45ACADA3BE25F45114AB49F75D301D56" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="C4BF2C295915803315DD10148355D642">
+<mods:title id="898467513E760175E5FFB6CA448987BA">Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new species in Hymenochaetales and one new species in Cantharellales from Southwestern China</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="0F45A4ED6125D26F30F61799A682060B" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="DEC3DBE0CD2517E0E4CBC458C12D053C">
+<mods:roleTerm id="D7685743A81BDEE04BB3796330B13816">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="8CB3FA349F3DD642D34C5008542632AE">Zhang, Jianling</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="1EDE27192D73511B80AC41F0BF34C79B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3268-7665</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="BFA9893AD1CB0C04B9651B2173E1008A">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="AA3701AEB1CA5EFC3CA5805F7AC74AEB" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="12CAC82EE4595C0A192607E51FC69DB2">
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+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="36A601CC3590AA06EAC2B9ADC288EED8">Gu, Zirui</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8555B5E8305AE3E03D98A2AE67DCA7E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1476-9040</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="372F41864F4BD37CFEE9DB07F4DA7255">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="841BE3F5265BB806F0278AE400A311CB" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="974217C595E8A9DC95EDD037D465EE83">
+<mods:roleTerm id="622A3423C93144870CB985C799A398C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="78F11CB1D8E886362DA87D9ECD6D5BFD">Zhou, Chunqin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="B37F5C9BA40EBB31AFDFFDC9A3F164D8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8117-1537</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="6EBF66970EBF78AB8C2BD6370BAC97B3">Yunnan Wumeng Mountains National Nature Reserve, Zhaotong 657000, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="F056E573C0B6937ECA230FD734B24F29" type="personal">
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+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="8BACA064AC6D0B1E156942873D0D0BF4">Zhou, Hongmin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4D5E54704AC1F515153CE84E407E6B6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0724-5815</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="F904C02AE6AF0060BE511F670E00C518">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="16FA4070007EFCCA98D1554F2BF27EA6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
+<mods:relatedItem id="4D337077D706E6BD6D81DBEB8BCDBD73" type="host">
+<mods:titleInfo id="09F62E2CD118C58ABA40AD234C09D815">
+<mods:title id="8151E939A2B13278224FA749E46809A0">MycoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="ACD84AE55C70DF7F25E80E9021FBA958">
+<mods:date id="60AC0FD6B6124F10376451B13EC0DB60">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="04089EE5920AEBB5D787AEA5DD581A8C" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="D524A219E6DA49F3D7760D23610DB34D">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="BC7A7B35CCADC6A1484B9196FE99D3E2" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="FB797E88ED6862599B408AA5CC656168">115</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
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+<mods:start id="63F834F281FF7696C9E7C2A4647D10CA">87</mods:start>
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+<mods:classification id="D42585BE52834EEBA53C61F74948A477">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="3FE258467A23D10108ABD754FB8CEE1C" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013488" ID-arpha="9104FC33-258B-540E-90AD-59E720D52954" ID-mycobank="856337" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954">
+<subSubSection id="A3A8500432CFBC903DEC39FA5892EA6F" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="BAAD3A0E81B4BB8AE18EBC3C79E9965D">
+<taxonomicName id="9E4784EEE2AE855B78A9DFA6B1CC4B6B" authority="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Botryobasidiaceae" genus="Botryobasidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Cantharellales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="daweishanense" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="B2ECAEE34CD072D99CC03F7A404C28C1" italics="true">Botryobasidium daweishanense</emphasis>
+J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="F815F59191B912664A3C348C7DCEF07A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="585ABD1C2E6370CC05FE7544A96C0952" type="description">
+<paragraph id="C1C5CBD299A4C608AA84F7C22C0768A5">
+<figureCitation id="CEDE331DC83C72D569E0F3538F8E32FC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 7. Basidiomata of Botryobasidium daweishanense (holotype, CLZhao 40062) A the front of the basidiomata B characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278299">Figs 7</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="F3833B824B65B2316C1A34CEA897DB01" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 8. Microscopic structures of Botryobasidium daweishanense (holotype, CLZhao 40062) A basidiospores B basidia and basidioles C a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (A); 10 μm (B, C); 10 × 100 oil." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278300">8</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EHFMM" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="E9A2E7882535C287DAE5483165CC4939">
+<heading id="8DA2122F694C6F7539C22F16217F1945" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="5BE6C12EB1523950353FD44148EAE8FF">
+<taxonomicName id="4114CC30EEAE596D916D2D151C4828B0" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Botryobasidiaceae" genus="Botryobasidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Cantharellales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="daweishanense">
+<emphasis id="B7FC98E34378571BD291B70EC1A875F3" italics="true">Botryobasidium daweishanense</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from
+<taxonomicName id="5E08A696473E66ACFAD02E8FC4334A0D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Botryobasidiaceae" genus="Botryobasidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Cantharellales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronatum">
+<emphasis id="65579E15034983BC669442DA875B03D0" italics="true">B. subcoronatum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+by its araneose hymenial surface, smaller basidia, fusiform, cyanophilous, and wider basidiospores.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="07D11DC493B053A96CE3CFCDDB7A6AF4" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure7" ID-arpha="4E5CD87B-265A-5C4B-A5E9-F56DF4CB5DF6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278299" startId="F4">
+<paragraph id="665CDF757CF36C0DAC778392820BFF31">
+<label id="6E44E4D1DCAA9C41A3EE8A85318DE7AC">Figure 7.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="97A69AFFB868D61557333F5BCA74091F">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="1DBE67FAB1D235BE6F5B79A7F40C7C9A" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Botryobasidiaceae" genus="Botryobasidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Cantharellales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="daweishanense">
+<emphasis id="AB764DC7AF8D47AFA4275921B1C40275" italics="true">Botryobasidium daweishanense</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 40062)
+<emphasis id="6CECF310FD0E164E7FE720BE22FF35A8" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+the front of the basidiomata
+<emphasis id="9D6E27620B375AFD5EEBB59F2C15300D" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (
+<emphasis id="5D77DE396454AF26EA0574969EA5266C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 1 mm (
+<emphasis id="BBD489BD737A5258357B61891EE55E34" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EDHMM" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="FA03D3C2D0FFB04266FEA58567930586">
+<heading id="9FA697F5C4612866D0736E6780F0BBCC" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="0D8197E47C7A22F0E9FD1628BCB1278C" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="02D7A39504D5CB9BC68359D18AAAB752">
+<materialsCitation id="FB24AF55FF39D9CB44ED4FED9287004E" collectingDate="2019-08-01" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Pingbian County" elevation="1356" latitude="28.7" location="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="4C396EAF9F21F86082103F84D6CFB1A4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="F911FAC255D94DB90C75AA0C5E89E78D" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="6CB1C0DCEB163CA6C3DDCA801EF404AA">Honghe</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="EAE9C82E76FB4415A7475B8E6E1FCF06">Pingbian County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="0FA5C82831DBBF6F7E04826550E36248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954:0FA5C82831DBBF6F7E04826550E36248" country="China" county="Pingbian County" latitude="28.7" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" name="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Daweishan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EMHMM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[114.183333,28.700000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="4247AB4EA641E85E78A6F3F59AFE56C2" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.7">28 ° 42 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="AFCCF4575C2C26211649FBF3D8AF7F5D" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.183334">114 ° 11 ' E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="EDB3A053ABEA92C58FDE67BC90DD3D61" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">
+<quantity id="99370BB2B127BE5AC4988D04646FEEBA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">1356 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm branch,
+<date id="48F3E86980395A32A462D735BD76003E" value="2019-08-01">
+<collectingDate id="D9E25DF0CDB5E75BE1BE4E6DF60B2F88" value="2019-08-01">1 August 2019</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 40062 (
+<collectionCode id="F692B960E47C7786A40DA82FFC119AE6" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="4B821842425F55F920883EA03E5932CC" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure8" ID-arpha="1888EE39-BB8F-5B0E-8BF4-A9F804A5D370" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278300" startId="F5">
+<paragraph id="D90C7A511FA253C7492CDA6DD34F50BB">
+<label id="4C2F1D0534AD6DFA73C4CFA1485C5BE0">Figure 8.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="73CD4CA9903439E2438177C5437EF5C1">
+Microscopic structures of
+<taxonomicName id="43B2933A88DD698963C610DD7B44DCBB" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Botryobasidiaceae" genus="Botryobasidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Cantharellales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="daweishanense">
+<emphasis id="46DD9A7A86FC6AC0DE9E8FF25CAF3D27" italics="true">Botryobasidium daweishanense</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 40062)
+<emphasis id="76AB3BCF70B7EEC3D492CE6744F3758A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="0EF659F30C2E1A977195FAE00B6F48B3" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+basidia and basidioles
+<emphasis id="6F97E53627307102B78F2830DBB7D294" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 5 μm (
+<emphasis id="DF075C83F829E3F4DAA88C208AF98FAA" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 10 μm (
+<emphasis id="CAA4C46C615CC77C3BD40E14919C9348" bold="true">B, C</emphasis>
+); 10 × 100 oil.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ETIMM" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="98545599B606EE9CF1A9E135AE6F2F22">
+<heading id="00E58511411D115AC1EBC6634526E595" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="D89DE5EF555E3B32C28F28B637F7EBB2">
+<emphasis id="283230BDB20C61D7C4905CFE987CA55F" italics="true">Daweishanense</emphasis>
+(Lat.) refers to the
+<typeStatus id="172C4BE1B2959D07CAA4D639E0F285CC">type</typeStatus>
+location “ Daweishan National Nature Reserve, ”
+<collectingCountry id="6C67189B31ADA8B853AA02673DF143F7" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EAJMM" type="description">
+<paragraph id="47D6017D1DAEDB9002D805A8AD01AEE2">
+<heading id="9BD51774B75B7BA36FBA72D75BE2B330" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="44F840D72C16411DF0237CDB4A1EC112">
+<emphasis id="E817BFC80AC7C5EAC833821718824805" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="FA6A0983E9BFC50D365F61A2064EB5B4" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiomata</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Annual, resupinate, coriaceous, without odor or taste when fresh, up to
+<quantity id="D2317F689D820E3FE9A0602CC48380DD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="3CCE7D222547769F55F02A5F66134383" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
+wide, and 100 μm thick. Hymenial surface araneose, cream when fresh, straw-yellow to yellowish when dry. Sterile margin thin, indistinct, slightly yellowish, up to
+<quantity id="E91C0683CBCA07F193D76EE33934C160" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="24893D5C01CB039E9EA1F9E6EB5CD12F">
+<emphasis id="9D9AFD3CC8180E3199C6A2319B056E3C" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="B013617A912A18A55C8939E2857C15F0" bold="true" italics="true">Hyphal system</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, hyaline, thin to slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, interwoven, 5.0–8.0 μm in diam,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESJMM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWJMM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="8BDE5C90CF77EC729558B70B9A12B4B1" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
++; tissues unchanged in
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1JMM" xlink_title="5% potassium hydroxide">KOH</abbrev>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="340F5B43A950D66AA934D02BF50194F4">
+<emphasis id="04957BD0454E93ED09F849C414ABB245" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="7A4C8576511ECB906A3A3068C7209D01" bold="true" italics="true">Hymenium</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Cystidia and cystidoles absent. Basidia barred, slightly sinuous, with six short sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 11.5–18.0 × 5.0–8.0 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
+<emphasis id="5F812EDC6DB1A114003810189BB08996" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="67119E131DD7F1CC1918AF3FF663DA0B" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiospores</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Fusiform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJKMM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENKMM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="45173A43598E6D34AF1D880AA05C01D3" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
++, (6.0 –) 6.1–7.3 × (3.1 –) 3.3–3.9 (– 4.1) μm, L = 6.65 μm, W = 3.64 μm, Q = 1.81–1.85 (n = 60 / 2).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ERKMM" type="material">
+<paragraph id="668A335F7C0A865AD975CDC68243DE2B">
+<heading id="C84E3F7285FF8AB96062A0BE92FFD17B" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="F9ECB49E7AEA093E9409DAFA0D09ABFB">
+<materialsCitation id="A2F7F48DA685C69321C85AB4190C9DEF" collectingDate="2019-08-01" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Pingbian County" elevation="1356" latitude="28.7" location="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
+<collectingCountry id="91DEE507DC7F93A328A543FE7B36BD47" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="E7F0586EB9D37C70D4212F38E685149F" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="2243B97AD25E5549D5CD44F73063719F">Honghe</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="5D802B10EB0F5EE7B3F90C863D2C6837">Pingbian County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="302CDBD9E7724B46EE3793C535C47B2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9104FC33258B540E90AD59E720D52954:302CDBD9E7724B46EE3793C535C47B2B" country="China" county="Pingbian County" latitude="28.7" longLatPrecision="1230" longitude="114.183334" municipality="Honghe" name="Daweishan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Daweishan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1KMM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[114.183333,28.700000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="4E8C971661A216241E7624868028E7A4" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.7">28 ° 42 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="AE251A7C54C2D29400BFE9E77BFA63DC" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.183334">114 ° 11 ' E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="C1502BFB5D826622F71836D93ED5EAB3" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">
+<quantity id="9A1E68A39D0C931070F9700898077061" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" unit="m" value="1356.0">1356 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm branch,
+<date id="F7B183512D40FCF37F69A3D06492BC0C" value="2019-08-01">
+<collectingDate id="E422F585FDB354D0F2660D300A2451D8" value="2019-08-01">1 August 2019</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 40061 (
+<collectionCode id="1B5D78C778C9A4C753AC4C4D49011F09" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/96/76/14/9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85.xml b/data/96/76/14/9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f4fd61d842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/96/76/14/9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+<document id="D88A19C9AC007743ED5165A468E33A2A" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433" ID-publisher-id="142433" URI-arpha="210B90BF-6384-597E-80DA-10891BB70C99" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741792483277" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Jianling, Gu, Zirui, Zhou, Chunqin & Zhou, Hongmin" docDate="2025" docId="9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 115: 87-135" docOrigin="MycoKeys 115" docSource="https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/142433/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docTitle="Inonotus subglobisporum J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="210B90BF6384597E80DA10891BB70C99" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new species in Hymenochaetales and one new species in Cantharellales from Southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1741793082475" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
+<mods:mods id="EC38CCF778F51A73E2D478C709FDF7C1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="6DD4F094E47C77AFDE1BCAC4015FD800">
+<mods:title id="2FE30D706FD7CA68AA05B81892160A05">Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new species in Hymenochaetales and one new species in Cantharellales from Southwestern China</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="EB99BF98A10F6566944B6E77E05E8351" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="6C32E331CA556E0A5AE5C7E6BB4AFDD1">
+<mods:roleTerm id="BF3F4A25A09D309CF9F3716EEE0DD06F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="A921CEF780E204061A83EC562E906432">Zhang, Jianling</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="91221844F1E96489DAC92BF811378D26" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3268-7665</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="54E087B6266D86546899EDBBC3F4FB86">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="F6F59E7D020F220D6F306BBCB50B4EDA" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="E91A9891697FA6A7A9A4B629B42E1210">
+<mods:roleTerm id="C6291F49749B4D2A038CD2668EC70CBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="ACBFBB116F92C43191B0BA78A2A1E314">Gu, Zirui</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F5C1B4676474A5254D57A496446F322" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1476-9040</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="BB50628BDB7717B728F4F3C660BBBB8B">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="0BC565127B5FE8867B7145F3D475DCC5" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="BAB32DB78FF052FE63276E628BB8F36A">
+<mods:roleTerm id="85A82DE09AC5554B7D4F7FB862A91F56">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="E88833827F67308A82A3B32E65D00883">Zhou, Chunqin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="84D29FC3F69C3774E047AE2E45D997EE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8117-1537</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="6800600F19C8B0AEC045907C8BC067EC">Yunnan Wumeng Mountains National Nature Reserve, Zhaotong 657000, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="480DDAA7E3984DBCD5C0C29EBCC024B2" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="F93D56ED298500F9F115075467BBB30C">
+<mods:roleTerm id="D4A76904BFEC2E3AD899066BE7DDF87A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="83338F8030B64AE722AF623582C28D2C">Zhou, Hongmin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="A4F08140AAE203A6D6556C6A6A5C7597" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0724-5815</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="190DA0A49763E6FB6774BA4A155B3EA5">College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="3EC6A8CA8E18656F3C8A2B3152E17CA8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
+<mods:relatedItem id="6419F07A3BEFB1194B79700E78AFBAA2" type="host">
+<mods:titleInfo id="BB1C8DE42958A7A88397C5540D345C84">
+<mods:title id="9B313D6F36AA7B41AB425C695909D471">MycoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="878C2D2312203FCD0F9EE4A15DD9D036">
+<mods:date id="70B2B57AE185DB99E539BF43CABDB16C">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="EAED97A6D7C41B5280BEAD41A883B811" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="9FEB908974E7D2CB9EEE307FA272C475">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="15E7EEFCBD3A0511CB936DDF02747AD5" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="031F631FCAAB07BB9719187BB1CCE003">115</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:extent id="C88D6BC2B9887682B2FFD1B1D1B33BE8" unit="page">
+<mods:start id="5AFB9E31184195873D6174F4C9802BCC">87</mods:start>
+<mods:end id="D60383F0AFD471D17C2FF981FA3B53A7">135</mods:end>
+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="3099F12AB0F2A8EC08E7EF6BA1C60AF5">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="0F1B85E2101E41BEF5E620A6D9F6B6C2" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013490" ID-arpha="9676140F-2969-5885-8DC0-E88158395C85" ID-mycobank="856340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85">
+<subSubSection id="0ADFA5F5244F447608D2CD01F26D1F5F" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="5A51995CC832BD5D2A98824BA1A097FF">
+<taxonomicName id="5F7426055CD843EF572B565B7CDBACE6" authority="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subglobisporum" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="257489126CF0D1E22E110F43B462BF53" italics="true">Inonotus subglobisporum</emphasis>
+J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="B1771584EB2CD435F7E896F97D1CFADA" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="30DA2098E57E498C2EE1AAF3F628BA2F" type="description">
+<paragraph id="43AA00923D1F15A029522A90E107B58F">
+<figureCitation id="5B7CD5583F1AD233AC42ADFBD8FAC674" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 9. Basidiomata of Inonotus subglobisporum (holotype, CLZhao 8765) A, B the front of the basidiomata C, D characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, C); 1 mm (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278301">Figs 9</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="545B03F0A6D985BCD2F77EB36DAD8CF3" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 10. Microscopic structures of Inonotus subglobisporum (holotype, CLZhao 8765) A basidiospores B basidia and basidioles C setae D hymenium and hyphae from trama E hyphae from context. Scale bars: 5 μm (A); 10 μm (B – E); 10 × 100 oil." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278302">10</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ERMMM" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="6620E9A7026EE1886E42B1D1B441A060">
+<heading id="287FF8CE30ED52DDBD6C17CC3B8B7F3D" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="1FDC4AEC262FA0F542CB0CBE08EC14CB">
+<taxonomicName id="55C1ECE6E5D60482F756A1919D230152" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subglobisporum">
+<emphasis id="A031C056BFF418D27168EAEC3990A31E" italics="true">Inonotus subglobisporum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from
+<taxonomicName id="FE8EC152838DCCE8011560B1932E5B1D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="radiata">
+<emphasis id="A994B62C3639F3EB9B7BE5087EDAA733" italics="true">I. radiata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+by its perennial basidiomata, laterally stipitate, polygon pores, tapered, dark brown, thick-walled setae, and subglobose, thick-walled, hyaline basidiospores.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="3761525FC64D0BE315CA6BD891053BBE" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure9" ID-arpha="BBEB5A82-28AE-58F4-BBF1-EB0E95636414" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278301" startId="F6">
+<paragraph id="ADF5D2D974848486218AEB614E4C6996">
+<label id="C50DC6D556B0BF43E988B6AF74842202">Figure 9.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="67F55E260B32EECCF1AB16D910FA3B7A">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="B0395239C589B193479896B038446A36" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subglobisporum">
+<emphasis id="3A08BB1FE0B8E3C22B2AC23C74D13DC0" italics="true">Inonotus subglobisporum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 8765)
+<emphasis id="D58833E64341A9F07FE4349401D7FA65" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
+the front of the basidiomata
+<emphasis id="57ECFFBF7915BFC1F23FA86C28C5C4EF" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
+characteristic hymenophore. Scale bars: 1 cm (
+<emphasis id="0F3201F1A8A21B7FF183E7874E412D48" bold="true">A, C</emphasis>
+); 1 mm (
+<emphasis id="7E9869D958A67BDE3D01787F98EBA2C3" bold="true">B, D</emphasis>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ENOMM" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="C9D95A9E7DA48EFB010A227C36039D0E">
+<heading id="BCF34F5F54C62032A3C0652D4CC65C88" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="DA60AA72F9A971AC8C483F9599EC039E" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="CC309C18790CD9DF014FFF01985B28A2">
+<materialsCitation id="98CD8965A467E0A556BA1521E405CD88" collectingDate="2018-08-25" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Jingdong County" elevation="2450" latitude="23.7" location="Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1254" longitude="101.86667" municipality="Puer" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="391C60511CFC9BB71DAE7DD9AFBA89D6" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="47A87783F57646F08022DDC0ECCCDFC0" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="AA3D6BA6BEBBD3713C39F66F94321DC9">Puer</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="7264562F48C7FCB075BE9AA331E89226">Jingdong County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="10E385102C558B6215D2D7C868DC1037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85:10E385102C558B6215D2D7C868DC1037" country="China" county="Jingdong County" latitude="23.7" longLatPrecision="1254" longitude="101.86667" municipality="Puer" name="Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EWOMM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[101.866667,23.700000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="7B9CCECF58F1D7F1FC516889A97FC936" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.7">23 ° 42 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="605B1745ECFF23C2E538D51BBC85F9BE" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="101.86667">101 ° 52 ' E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="78E55206725082360AE7059B17FED78D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="m" value="2450.0">
+<quantity id="D2A9F570553B48987A14142CDFD7F95F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm trunk,
+<date id="0764E9E1359AEB6B8FB24169B645150D" value="2018-08-25">
+<collectingDate id="A0C883C465B8199A8A4E98C2AE6E65A8" value="2018-08-25">25 August 2018</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 8765 (
+<collectionCode id="1045917120D89B765D7732A3DBEBFACE" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="52CF47B7CAA4CE462E8808E15A636682" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.142433.figure10" ID-arpha="C24316E0-80D7-5D0C-874F-CDE5704418D4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278302" startId="F7">
+<paragraph id="4800053ADAA15E27E557ED5739A977AC">
+<label id="263D563EDB24C679188B03A3BD19D2C0">Figure 10.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="AB06B2472E44004194DA2BB324016BB7">
+Microscopic structures of
+<taxonomicName id="1562C72EF4F7FBEDB2940B6233A8D032" authorityName="J. L. Zhang, H. M. Zhou & C. L. Zhao" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subglobisporum">
+<emphasis id="83538216D0E1FD3DCC07F3425BA0019C" italics="true">Inonotus subglobisporum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(holotype, CLZhao 8765)
+<emphasis id="7D44E73E217F77611ED9BB3D11CEB746" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="7A5CD52C4DEED0B2199768F768F5E547" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+basidia and basidioles
+<emphasis id="F96F21FD2F80FDF17AB3B717DF6C02D1" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+setae
+<emphasis id="69AC40BD9F7E2143E961AE424825B78B" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+hymenium and hyphae from trama
+<emphasis id="82C8C7A1E8D95E5CA7C57B40720B216E" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+hyphae from context. Scale bars: 5 μm (
+<emphasis id="146DDF49678FA5A5993EB067D8029E0A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+); 10 μm (
+<emphasis id="1F223E9C9959C0E71F884A9317DB54C5" bold="true">B – E</emphasis>
+); 10 × 100 oil.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EBQMM" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="F3D57EED7ED6C6E47E7580F1B5FF3452">
+<heading id="570E7609153495A96648E77ED98BE4FF" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="44E8E2207E753C7E05FE5C1ABF0C6D0F">
+<emphasis id="0D7F10B539E55C81E335536D1B98139D" italics="true">Subglobisporum</emphasis>
+(Lat.) refers to the subglobose basidiospores.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EOQMM" type="description">
+<paragraph id="6968BE5F08E536A36417E71AA9C7E8BE">
+<heading id="F34451FFA8419248CBF63B7C00CF9FE2" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="27486226A4BA32E6E21A483F0A190791">
+<emphasis id="74A1D993ACA009C2C56E03B5F70353D9" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="CCFB879837749EBA27FC15491A571E77" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiomata</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Perennial, laterally stipitate, solitary, without odor or taste when fresh. Pilei fan-shaped, cortical to cork, extend up to
+<quantity id="8332354A6EFDD38F1BAD72E5D1C3F59C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
+long,
+<quantity id="AFE0D127D87E915F3F6E1EF76161E0D3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
+wide, and
+<quantity id="F46F32E9F5D5A196D93E424B94DF6B9A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
+thick in diam at the base. Pileal surface honey-yellow to fuscous when fresh, vinaceous brown to fuscous when dry. Pore surface cream, when fresh, becomes cream to fawn when dry; pores polygonal, 4–6 per mm. Context cinnamon-buff when dry, cork, up to
+<quantity id="FDF2BBFD1CE2BB6CCC417F89DDB81A0B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
+thick. Tubes cream to fawn when dry, cork, up to
+<quantity id="AAED9B2D5C7F68AA9EC02F497A3D4607" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+long. Stipe with the same color as pores, up to
+<quantity id="41CA09BA6C8E9767321FDDA99F982FC6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
+long and
+<quantity id="81F81552DD5903036E9EDE861E2B4A40" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
+in diameter when dry.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="A8B6A768C03DE29662586FC6F7050E50">
+<emphasis id="4969A72348966BB2E26DCDB14EEE86A3" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="83A5F1881D55776AF095602CDC96215E" bold="true" italics="true">Hyphal structure</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Monomitic; generative hyphae, simple-septate, slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, interwoven. Generative hyphae in the tube frequent, brownish, slightly thick-walled, easily collapsing, 2.5–5.0 µm in diam. Generative hyphae in the context frequent, brown, slightly thick-walled, 3.0–7.0 µm in diam,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EARMM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EERMM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="A1572EB73B621BF48220D921BA08D78A" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
+–; tissues brownish in
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIRMM" xlink_title="5% potassium hydroxide">KOH</abbrev>
+.
+<emphasis id="0DE7F9FE22374BD81CE6B43B2CC78399" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="CB771915767537FBA180DC13DA02FDEA" bold="true" italics="true">Context</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Setae numerous, tapered, dark brown, thick-walled, strongly encrusted in the surface, and almost entirely buried, 12.0–69.5 × 4.0–11.0 μm, cystidoles absent. Basidia clavate, with four short sterigmata and a basal simple-septate, 5.5–13.0 × 2.5–6.5 μm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
+<emphasis id="ECBC61D3D6460A318996D3E617260B64" bold="true">
+<emphasis id="7D8A52E6A42F454050C842512AAE7BB0" bold="true" italics="true">Basidiospores</emphasis>
+.
+</emphasis>
+Subglobose, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EURMM" xlink_title="Melzer’s reagent">IKI</abbrev>
+–,
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYRMM" xlink_title="Cotton Blue">
+<collectionCode id="3C865F0CD02AFA144B52A0895125BB54" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection">CB</collectionCode>
+</abbrev>
++, (3.5 –) 3.6–4.3 (– 4.4) × (2.6 –) 2.8–3.5 (– 3.6) μm, L = 3.99 μm, W = 3.20 μm, Q = 1.22–1.27 (n = 120 / 4).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E3RMM" type="material">
+<paragraph id="56E41F16D2A150C3B584E5D6E1C32FF5">
+<heading id="2804D6B61C1AFEFD528DB8F645644988" reason="title">Other specimens examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="033E81E63A57E2F28484FECCB054B614">
+<materialsCitation id="9D312A4AD2EAC36A46DA8447C67D1BDF" collectingDate="2018-08-23" collectingDateMax="2018-08-25" collectingDateMin="2018-08-23" collectionCode="SWFC" country="China" county="Jingdong County" elevation="2450" latitude="23.7" location="Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1254" longitude="101.86667" municipality="Puer" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
+<collectingCountry id="66013003945D5FB25672479ADC79FA0B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="32B889CA64FFE4AE1A47802E79EA49BE" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="979E5FAA39448BB852C76CF08867C282">Puer</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="FDB1C22638E05D82868FF1E735F696DE">Jingdong County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<location id="D52E15D7F994D0F5E592A3A5EB06E319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9676140F296958858DC0E88158395C85:D52E15D7F994D0F5E592A3A5EB06E319" country="China" county="Jingdong County" latitude="23.7" longLatPrecision="1254" longitude="101.86667" municipality="Puer" name="Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Yunnan">Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve</location>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFSMM" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[101.866667,23.700000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="9467324AA4FD4D69505EFEA6357EA0E7" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.7">23 ° 42 ' N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="C23FC3EE06AFCE1195E894D2FCD90E56" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="101.86667">101 ° 52 ' E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, evel.
+<elevation id="159D908FF7B86AAF2B87D20CA7C4EE20" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="m" value="2450.0">
+<quantity id="30061E011E20254A7312D2A3780F6A1D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
+asl
+</elevation>
+., on fallen angiosperm trunk,
+<date id="C673A88FFE8CBC5D4695DA7755C4D857" value="2018-08-23">
+<collectingDate id="8733A0B9C5238E79A483820FF471AE84" value="2018-08-23">23 August 2018</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 8331; CLZhao 8387; CLZhao 8433; CLZhao 8543;
+<date id="67747DFBF696F13F4DD94812F5382A67" value="2018-08-24">
+<collectingDate id="B71F0523DB8B1A1C472586CE54290E30" value="2018-08-24">24 August 2018</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 8500;
+<date id="6F4B9E752FA08CF9446D1AE4909CAE92" value="2018-08-25">
+<collectingDate id="6B5E67D25E4253997E4824581DC8313D" value="2018-08-25">25 August 2018</collectingDate>
+</date>
+, CLZhao 8678; CLZhao 8737; CLZhao 8789 (
+<collectionCode id="FB5497F3F68C4ECE87776AAE17B77498" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14107" name="Southwest Forestry College" type="Herbarium">SWFC</collectionCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/99/E0/16/99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349.xml b/data/99/E0/16/99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9e2058955d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/99/E0/16/99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+<document id="7897FA773B5ED12BEEAEF3D68077581F" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.142516" ID-publisher-id="142516" URI-arpha="1A7DA319-1D36-50F7-9666-72D0742FEC08" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741792400514" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhou, Wei, Feng, Zi-Lin, Tang, Long-Ping, Deng, Du, Wu, Bao-cheng & Wu, Lei" docDate="2025" docId="99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 253: 261-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 253" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/142516/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Pternopetalum shunhuangensis W. Zhou & L. Wu A 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="270" masterDocId="1A7DA3191D3650F7966672D0742FEC08" masterDocTitle="Pternopetalum shunhuangensis (Apiaceae), a new species from Hunan, China" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="261" updateTime="1741792761451" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
+<mods:mods id="70D53D6DE0132B32D6F47BCE14CC77BD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="A69EC39B965E5D416F63D09BCA54B17F">
+<mods:title id="ECE5F751A95FE6EC9C424E3242EF4A79">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis (Apiaceae), a new species from Hunan, China</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="05799ABED83FD7319A12EBA64FAAAF1B" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="5F6D2720404423C642C51A13F9F1FA23">
+<mods:roleTerm id="F59A5E659F929495B60587D7BD0C8389">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="9467A14E5B8AF0EB71A8DDEE0FCB5854">Zhou, Wei</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="02970FFF2AF4B260B6EF3479564D7274" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1627-1529</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="7FE85FABB1179D564000189F967D05AD">Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="C5C7CE54FB90A28EAEB557F0A48E066F" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="320667E0161B1029EAA79A62AADDFC47">
+<mods:roleTerm id="CD4DA296A42DD431325AF4D8823A2D4A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="3DA7C7EE11BAFD611BFCF703567F8885">Feng, Zi-Lin</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="CECAD3145460EAA787C87974A206C868" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4283-5135</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="57163408B0BB69A4E166511CF9A79BA8">College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="0854BEB0BC82A3AF05ED19D2550974AA" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="D6267CCAD72EC8213E63C026E00E42DC">
+<mods:roleTerm id="A03982C5C2DF82DAD108F7414096D242">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="50C4ED603C2E0ECC70179691B683BDE8">Tang, Long-Ping</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AFCCBEA63F68560134A9928C7E4B483" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6590-1491</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="C6E10DB8198FD284DCC10F8E78CF1E5F">Hunan Dong’an Shunhuang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yongzhou 425901, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="C55BCBE4910AAF17195CB9A42D2D15EC" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="8E7575C6E75166966471F094551EC330">
+<mods:roleTerm id="F18C5A8DDC40BD244090526B9BF17761">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="B099B77BE30C69EB8CF17E87CF074F96">Deng, Du</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC15DB24E1AA37E5A423DB0672BECA05" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5476-4098</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="8B7006EA02D0CF561C5D5684BF8887D8">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="DCE5F4209BA62DB69EA3B7A7C9967B3B" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="9BD6D8D917F60E065F5E4788597C5B6B">
+<mods:roleTerm id="A3A40EE32B561D7138D12F41313DD0C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="10225F54817AE8FDA46DCB337A3A5849">Wu, Bao-cheng</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB7410FE0B95F02CBE390E4FE5658C52" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1719-3517</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="BF7A113E5FA3573C704A037528787452">Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="68C6018018F36349E4A92629DAA58D7C" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="3121E192D9AA2435417852EE5EF5CB28">
+<mods:roleTerm id="2BE52812869EB0FD037125A553F82C35">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="6CE05AFB2C05893BCF0064D599CBE6B2">Wu, Lei</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="16352CEC0C0D161C38FA10E2B7BA6C67" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1451-7855</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="2178E079F55034BD385A1C127BDE7DC1">College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="514A05E051D2A8E88556348150313B67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
+<mods:relatedItem id="139B7068D93A596FE6BC1F0C6F678A86" type="host">
+<mods:titleInfo id="FE99C38D74B55B2626FCEB7E0AC2E8C7">
+<mods:title id="69A6CD6701DA7FAE2AA996D74C6AEFA0">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="60E9014810B92AA3B29146EA59053FCE">
+<mods:date id="B0A732DEF0FC2FFD2D4F6F3CBD7841A3">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="CE4BD78B1BC7E37D081A5876357C6F7D" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="AF42B71D4D2C7DCB95B9284953BF3448">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="694B7AD9FA928C97D90757317F47CB23" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="70E8880D74940464166D7B1C1C99946B">253</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
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+<mods:start id="8DE48DA67C3F9E340A87F0FBCE3EAB59">261</mods:start>
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+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="BE9E3BD966CF5B6382DAD5449CEDB0E2">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="87D789055C9EDB7DF8317CED70AA3BC7" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.253.142516</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15013452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15013452" ID-arpha="99E01637-B24A-512E-8BAB-785B600BD349" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77358254-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77358254-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349">
+<subSubSection id="3DE878DE801B6BD965C82BB0D9CE3F01" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="08C18BAB5A105B742254099B94A58EF7">
+<taxonomicName id="3BCD1F66AE29EE378F18C2493F0F2C09" authority="W. Zhou & L. Wu" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="176754323FF1BA584FE05DAD9724A3DC" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+W. Zhou & L. Wu
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="93E98D9FDEEF6A60A38F6209378C9EC2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EOPAC" type="material">
+<paragraph id="BE2F55CDE0CF0725C60DF72E3AD288BD">
+<heading id="A1982BFE68C7278E5EDA59517BBA462F" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="2688BEB4D42D8A9D75AEBF0E093A9590">Type</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E73997EDBDBA71A6BEE92C5EAC1B7EB9">
+<materialsCitation id="52C5FC6B9C7457D2B1421B5D5FF47750" collectingDate="2024-04-23" collectingDateMax="2024-07-19" collectingDateMin="2024-04-23" collectionCode="NAS, CSFI" collectorName="Lei WU & Yan-Jie Yang & Zi-Lin Feng & D. Deng" country="China" county="Dong'an County" elevation="1600" location="Dong'an Shunhuang Mountain National Nature Reserve" municipality="Yongzhou City" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Hunan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="89050D06A2D1BEF8DD530ACB4CE1DA6C" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="501B6889CCE3837F6D1EC89E20E664E1" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="31F879388BC93C273B554B7ED2CB54AA">Yongzhou City</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<collectingCounty id="662E54743998651CE9637FF9CA88FE9A">Dong’an County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<collectingRegion id="B6F2F4B3C0A5409D7CF60A9293F33023" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan</collectingRegion>
+<location id="C043E3E205B9932A9E9C0F9A71CC1066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:C043E3E205B9932A9E9C0F9A71CC1066" country="China" county="Dong'an County" municipality="Yongzhou City" name="Dong'an Shunhuang Mountain National Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Hunan">Dong’an Shunhuang Mountain National Nature Reserve</location>
+, on rocks densely covered with moss in forests, at an altitude ca
+<elevation id="5EFC9F5F7E1CFA8AB7A71C016FE1E2E0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">
+<quantity id="06C8A0972A27973C5E4B9C4BB6B1221F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
+a. s. l.
+</elevation>
+,
+<date id="0CB55548E5459DCF943CD6099D4E6BF3" value="2024-04-23">
+<collectingDate id="D63721D2240C1AD22865408E9FC3BE87" value="2024-04-23">23 Apr. 2024</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<emphasis id="406238D5EB5D26EFD7EA156CFD95E939" italics="true">
+<collectorName id="56CCAB4D3C480F50CB16E238522B849D">Lei WU</collectorName>
+</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="58AC93D5E2118D3964A3DB26C83A3F7A" italics="true">
+<collectorName id="C34BAF5AA13C3DE4B2C541A555E1D08F">Yan-Jie Yang</collectorName>
+</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="A8C51AFE6A35069BA9FB697C565E3401" italics="true">
+<collectorName id="3B7F040CEBA3A100EFF94234B87AEAA5">Zi-Lin Feng</collectorName>
+SHS 0001
+</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="F1DDA7120F7AF5B7F98BA277DF6AE253" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+<collectionCode id="FB7A266EC79A79ADD69C23FE4140E737" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15733" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15733" name="Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">NAS</collectionCode>
+);
+<date id="97AD77895DB6BBE1E369573BB0481103" value="2024-07-19">
+<collectingDate id="17A584FAC097ECABB1B9386AE86FDDC4" value="2024-07-19">19 July 2024</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<emphasis id="56952EB67239903C720DAE135B2DF82E" italics="true">
+<collectorName id="036369EA3384CDF2F47526E47A033B7C">Lei WU</collectorName>
+</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="5BA9760F21B78B0266A2047FAFE7CB09" italics="true">
+<collectorName id="93364242FC9F9322B294DE9272C05D6A">D. Deng</collectorName>
+</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="FD646927A4DD45AA4F5F7D8D5175CA1D" italics="true">
+<collectorName id="7BE9EDA873465EB579BE71094EB8CEEF">Zi-Lin Feng</collectorName>
+SHS 1749
+</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="E4253BB8D4FC5F518CD17FBF55343AB2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+<collectionCode id="A597BA08F5E91378B7280990B6ECF596" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12768" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12768" name="Central-South Forestry University" type="Herbarium">CSFI</collectionCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="5DF94686A47739F46ED1BE440EE6B813" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.142516.figure1" ID-arpha="56420EAD-DC56-5461-BB99-8E18FC44B272" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278796" startId="F1">
+<paragraph id="C5F7E06ED33FE93EA459B50F4342291F">
+<label id="54BCFEF140B2ED29B7BED6158FE647E2">Figure 1.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="F8B0BA9B69B199C5B6F56085D368E2BB">
+Illustration of
+<taxonomicName id="07FB199DA458E6FC851164175E33718A" authority="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="2506B1E8BABF296D7264A252C941DF12" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+W. Zhou & L. Wu
+<emphasis id="C37A8B14AB50480DB809CA23EBEE52A7" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+habit
+<emphasis id="8FB414BBD39E2D63606C98EDA1B715FC" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+another type of basal leaf
+<emphasis id="D03E7D74F8B8305D0939EAA5E76B0447" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+umbel in fruit
+<emphasis id="3239F71B08D2DCB89F7D9B17E7039763" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+flower with two petals removed to show stamens and stylopodium
+<emphasis id="C684E3B4E2D625177F2484B08C13F02C" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+umbel in flower
+<emphasis id="7B649AE08294AD8AB5F5F5E29DB66A43" bold="true">F</emphasis>
+mericarps. (Drawn by B. S. Li).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EFBAE" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="84755391FFAAE7C714BCFC3DF27104B8">
+<heading id="D96B216AD1059A30240332818E269807" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="A956D968A2727A1471D407C36BEF0BD3">
+The species epithet is derived from the
+<typeStatus id="7E8D7E35556D9D1D985863C6390D44AE">type</typeStatus>
+locality, Shunhuang Mountain. Its Chinese name is given as 舜皇囊瓣芹 [Pinyin: shùn huáng náng bàn qín].
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="B5317FF2D0C78148111617577BE5AAF6" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.142516.figure2" ID-arpha="3E87548A-5FAA-504A-B9C1-4D90DA807639" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278797" startId="F2">
+<paragraph id="13B18F17E1D3DABAAF989CC0E7217B15">
+<label id="9109BC0DC91B47312C29A6FBCB684166">Figure 2.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="721FEFE82E890832C905D927BD9888E4">
+<taxonomicName id="21E18F1C0E2212AE51480BA916C48BFF" authority="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="B45D735D8DE7D274267A8119526E6AA0" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+W. Zhou & L. Wu
+<emphasis id="51150D5F25088B1BDE8EB1C3855EE2F5" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+microhabitat
+<emphasis id="77EFF2147EF155D67782683CA9846B50" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+habit
+<emphasis id="8866C7EFC3A2B7282F09F254EFC24B37" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+flowering plant
+<emphasis id="3C1B7ABA77008B0F761A6C2F181459DA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+abaxial surface of cauline leaf
+<emphasis id="1D7F474207E4A95A2B250DE5B9551871" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+umbels in fruit
+<emphasis id="EA96B3984BAE30633AC79D96E5A21938" bold="true">F</emphasis>
+mature fruit
+<emphasis id="8FCA91E2660699C924E0AFC464381898" bold="true">G</emphasis>
+root. Scale bars: 2 cm (
+<emphasis id="52E7D9A772D952357D769BECCC43AAC5" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+); 1 cm (
+<emphasis id="76F6FB9252B10899B53202C41CE0E254" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+–
+<emphasis id="AD3A2AF5B1DFB5D1DC224F2F320B926B" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="F44CEBCC15B5B0FA8833640055507626" bold="true">G</emphasis>
+); 2 mm (
+<emphasis id="4C4F9E4C4B4DB5B877B1528414E6D660" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+–
+<emphasis id="8FA9204733194AA6FF95F0760EC0E9E4" bold="true">F</emphasis>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E3CAE" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="C63F3011D0BC1A0237D858D99C17B1EC">
+<heading id="83BA3BEE57B52CB09B0C2CAC4E1E2DA1" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="7922BE1AA791C61561A1A2FFA2482AEF">
+<taxonomicName id="D5D392401853B84EBB52A72A5F1D28C3" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="6D93117D203D4F82EE9FC2C03CB9CA58" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+differs from
+<taxonomicName id="225E3892A13795CDF0777AF41727957E" authority="(Franch. & Sav.) Hand." authorityName="Hand." baseAuthorityName="Franch. & Sav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<emphasis id="FEB3F20A93FAEE6BB191FD5CD0674F5B" italics="true">P. tanakae</emphasis>
+(Franch. & Sav.) Hand.
+</taxonomicName>
+- Mazz. by its roots without tubercles at nodes, fewer basal leaves, unelongated ultimate segments of cauline leaves, elongate styles and terminal umbels. A more detailed comparison between the two species is presented in Table
+<tableCitation id="415B7DFC6874F7585DA3187D3B4C0F36" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of Pternopetalum shunhuangensis and P. tanakae. Morphological data for P. tanakae are obtained from Pu and Phillippe (2005)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E422AEC95AE4CD944B58731E24473138" tableUuid="E422AEC95AE4CD944B58731E24473138">1</tableCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="E422AEC95AE4CD944B58731E24473138" ID-Table-UUID="E422AEC95AE4CD944B58731E24473138" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E422AEC95AE4CD944B58731E24473138" startId="T1" targetIsTable="true">
+<paragraph id="B6A98D6F611302B6657C18F485B95E96">
+<label id="0E602CC5FCA1297F1EEFC98DD9470541">Table 1.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="034CBF738E2D93DE1CEB55B9A5A66E01">
+Comparison of
+<taxonomicName id="BD1EB6171B82E9D774A6AF5B46F9DB61" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="3050F8CE9FB9B6D8F3A1213C220915F2" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="D9652AFBE693D55754D3471BAB462555" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<emphasis id="770466AA6CFCFE6A12E4466E40ED0ED3" italics="true">P. tanakae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. Morphological data for
+<taxonomicName id="956103F92E06E3223F6E1E9B2811B990" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<emphasis id="AA12D96CCF6D50FA2F83E571549DDBB5" italics="true">P. tanakae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+are obtained from
+<bibRefCitation id="6C3FF8B6CDBFEF5F7B4420F21C2790F7" author="Pu FT & Phillippe LR" editor="Wu ZY & Raven PH" firstAuthor="Pu" journalOrPublisher="(Vol. 14). Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Missouri" pagination="85-92" refId="B8" refString="Pu FT, Phillippe LR (2005) Pternopetalum Franchet. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. (Vol. 14). Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Missouri, 85–92." title="Pternopetalum Franchet." volumeTitle="Flora of China." year="2005">Pu and Phillippe (2005)</bibRefCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="6C49B30EF04D8AB87973D88999BEFD75">
+<table id="TID0EO6AE" rules="all">
+<tbody id="51ACAFDDDB0089E1B60D598C340B3667">
+<tr id="0963AC8B5A8FF488C2B777BBBA7172F4">
+<th id="95F93160415D61D4F53A4F30D68BA14B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
+<emphasis id="35873EA1E8380954D3E8C827EA991B0F" italics="true">
+<th id="366AEF93CF5EF6EA629A0B881383BA03" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
+<taxonomicName id="38F4E5E03CF7491809BEA8C8CCF24DA9" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">P. shunhuangensis</taxonomicName>
+</th>
+<taxonomicName id="39C70EF1728EA5E4C8B73A97133525F3" authority="Height" authorityName="Height" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<th id="DFC676EF43F8F687710924B015A5356B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">P. tanakae</th>
+<tr id="302C78E24A7ABF7435364535FB2761A9">
+<td id="876780A6861FD8FAFE72682BAE84C621" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Height (cm)</td>
+<td id="7EF1164190DABD7D20A07F5EF14DBF86" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12–16</td>
+<td id="F06969020C03E3BDB5FC2707BF5A1D97" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10–40</td>
+</tr>
+</taxonomicName>
+</emphasis>
+</tr>
+<tr id="2E2E728E5CEEDAE7E31F55B82772735D">
+<td id="67CA033E9E29CEA9B83CDC9B1D626D68" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Root</td>
+<td id="9941457F3CDFDA4235C15FDFF227A8BE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">without tubercles at nodes</td>
+<td id="06E88226EB14F05994558287D92724EB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">with tubercles at nodes</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="C4B182EB9176E7839D6ECFAC8EC972A6">
+<td id="932B6669FFFCF52AAB44D89AC31769A8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stem</td>
+<td id="B301F72246F22F66A10F62A2BED93A55" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1, unbranched</td>
+<td id="1B9749A500D6494BC7ED88690AC18914" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1–2, 1–2 branched or unbranched.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="A01A9C5A9FF76265EB880306E38CF188">
+<td id="69D327D0115481A1C6C840C3C4F1260E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Basal leaves</td>
+<td id="73AEDDEEE4A9C4CF601F70871D2C00F8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0–2</td>
+<td id="976FE88AF97D26A7F6EB67BFF0D7D707" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2–4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="CF120433ADD54AC92B6ED5F515892723">
+<td id="CCC49CD3CA939B46CFF2A20150BE10DB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cauline leaves</td>
+<td id="72FA87BCDE2807A455CCCA9CB42085F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1, ultimate segments flabelliform or diamond</td>
+<td id="C6E9676BAA1CE17761675E4B6B93A3EF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1–3, ultimate segments lanceolate or elongate-linear</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="7BB1DD9B11A7E79B8A801D256A00ECAF">
+<td id="8801855E7FFD158DF3D03AFADC0967D7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Position of umbels</td>
+<td id="1C6189EE83AD760F1B26DB8CE9E313D3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">terminal</td>
+<td id="2FF7E9756A11C1C4001AC692E7DFBD48" colspan="1" rowspan="1">lateral and terminal</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="FBD1C16BF9FF6BD75F25BB5101298611">
+<td id="4C2B3FF567D2C0D8039669E9B4A8AA72" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of flowers in each umbellule</td>
+<td id="21960231064E147F9DFB366A7DE131AC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
+<td id="47782A9D3F44FD6A22293AEABDC8D328" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1–3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="7540F5645B5C82CE62DA6BF1D5950B1E">
+<td id="D55FD96746F6B8497CAF2DF423A040D2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Style</td>
+<td id="46BE814DF7F834F10E6813A1EEC22474" colspan="1" rowspan="1">longer than stylopodium</td>
+<td id="7FC470EA940F88AA24C8165E8643F576" colspan="1" rowspan="1">shorter than stylopodium</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="59428B629E27D5D6BC986E56A8825934" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.142516.figure3" ID-arpha="3942C488-B4E2-500E-901D-C4489567EE4F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278798" startId="F3">
+<paragraph id="B2D1EEDD6F743E67DC93E28E568B4BB4">
+<label id="EC19FCB0BD00E0916491B374233B03E9">Figure 3.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="B64BF494713ABB1886A6E58271F927E2">
+Type specimens of
+<taxonomicName id="0ECD923FFA77CA71DA4CBA5F53DF218F" authorityName="W. Zhou & L. Wu A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="3B4C1DAE25B70867E1356B40730D8427" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="197B6A9F0DA2C4E3EB7AE9DE53321DB1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllum">
+<emphasis id="03748B212B1C37B620D94DC2C5A1432B" italics="true">P. heterophyllum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+,
+<taxonomicName id="05ADD198017B52D01F609511EB03A24C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filicinum">
+<emphasis id="852B87B003F628804F07D6D6F612CA06" italics="true">P. filicinum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="5BA29137A410FC1D7775F3DF94D2020C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<emphasis id="709FEF46C098BA400C6F1EEADF147506" italics="true">P. tanakae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+.
+<emphasis id="B5B3A824399156DF420B91201F413E73" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+holotype of
+<taxonomicName id="2F497981AC946ECE381A0FA88D097975" authority="(NAS)" baseAuthorityName="NAS" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="0089CC7C9CDA0768F704F724165CAC7B" italics="true">P. shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+(NAS)
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="C8D06761D2FC20E44132806798C6F945" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+holotype of
+<taxonomicName id="BD386DBDBEE815EE847B7D7E70AAF80D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllum">
+<emphasis id="36691A6A9918DB24383EFDA05FD55250" italics="true">P. heterophyllum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(E 00265241)
+<emphasis id="13A082B07A5F4B96C7991ACF37AF169F" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+isotype of
+<taxonomicName id="5B4073C154698DDA5D51B49C6B02BC60" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filicinum">
+<emphasis id="F6942B895B6ECEBC49B5A269A98C8BAF" italics="true">P. filicinum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(P 00432458)
+<emphasis id="26305FEF55E91D52291B2E887D3D5B2E" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+holotype of
+<taxonomicName id="CD84F63D7E134D5B348848FAF974F918" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<emphasis id="2DFF811FA06798F16BF2DC2865A5B1A2" italics="true">P. tanakae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(P 00495952).
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="962DCC2FA32D609785C203891C9D0C6F">
+Plants
+<quantity id="5D5ABBFE3978DC47ACF20D0DACC0A953" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 cm</quantity>
+high. Taproot fusiform. Stem 1, erect, slender, unbranched, glabrous. Basal leaves 0–1 (2), petiolate; petioles
+<quantity id="3839BC9B7145D80834E08B989BE938FC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 cm</quantity>
+; blade ovate-triangular, 1.5–3 ×
+<quantity id="82E28754090F820F3D987912FF161565" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 cm</quantity>
+, ternate or ternate- 2 - pinnate; ultimate segments flabelliform or diamond, 3–8 ×
+<quantity id="AB68286D4441CF97C26F565FE5D76BF4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
+. Cauline leaves 1, ternate- 2 - pinnate, petioles
+<quantity id="7CF4DDA2D74F619D8FD5B4E3CC0294B4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–4 cm</quantity>
+; 2–4.5 ×
+<quantity id="0F57C5428030824CBCB8185E3DBCB5FB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 cm</quantity>
+, ultimate segments flabelliform or diamond, 2–5 ×
+<quantity id="25386461C7F1315D31BC86D2F663A55E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
+. Umbels
+<quantity id="FE487B39761FBC7762A764050E74ACD1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
+across in flower, to
+<quantity id="0BC50B0409C5009295E8985C6F395ACC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+in fruit; bracts absent; rays 6–20,
+<quantity id="FEB3F4D03118048C441160ABA8038BAC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
+; bracteoles 2–3; umbellules 2 - flowered; pedicels
+<quantity id="24577369F637D4EE4B10628890A99AA8" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.2">0.2–1 mm</quantity>
+long. Calyx teeth minute, or obsolete. Petals white, broad ovate, 1.5–1.8 ×
+<quantity id="5B31F1D641B80E2FDE9AE57B93458A5A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
+; stylopodium conic; styles elongate, erect, longer than the stylopodium; stylopodium plus style ca
+<quantity id="3E5AE3185DEFA83E882699EC01224F26" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
+, styles ca.
+<quantity id="CB4EAE7B186C496F6AB8E745404A307B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
+. Fruit oblong ovoid, 2–2.5 ×
+<quantity id="C3770D027C0AA72A71BD6030A8253D3D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
+; ribs filiform; vittae
+<quantity id="D8BB76F69C4DE5948199AF1B646D7EBC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 in</quantity>
+each furrow, 2 on commissure.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="AF470DF1058D4C1916B6E6D3CBA2891C" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.142516.figure4" ID-arpha="3D682D8A-757D-517F-83C2-6F786C848E4F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278799" startId="F4">
+<paragraph id="B9CE54DB5CDACC25ABD4F12FA89BEA40">
+<label id="B11755C542AE58E61C942C3C27BC7CD2">Figure 4.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="4318E371A596454A5D0EB35367CD47BD">
+Phylogenetic tree inferred from the nrDNA
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWMAE" xlink_title="internal transcribed spacer">ITS</abbrev>
+sequences. Bayesian posterior probability values (PP) / Bootstrap support values (
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1MAE" xlink_title="bootstrap">BS</abbrev>
+) are shown on the branches. Only branches with PP> 0.5 are shown.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EDNAE" type="phenology">
+<paragraph id="35DBDF21DD879CAFCC6EC3EB478F7056">
+<heading id="02118C9B281B45B51E4142B86C7CC441" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="288D9F7011BD6F2CF4DC68A32B2C8D4B">
+<taxonomicName id="C447E87047C995AD9F276807125729E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="4547634FD4D3AEDD9211CB98C5D47635" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+is flowering from April to May, and fruiting from June to July.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EUNAE" type="material">
+<paragraph id="1383A1669321C9047FAA25780D7E227C">
+<heading id="BB959358C29051A42671A65525880C47" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="246D415C33FEA809D944F8E43667BAA9">
+<taxonomicName id="28C971E8628B933EFE65F8F8995D9240" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shunhuangensis">
+<emphasis id="AFF5D0B469F5FD3415734ACB6E738FBD" italics="true">Pternopetalum shunhuangensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<typeStatus id="EE89CBAB3C8234ADC4B6295A7D256FEE" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
+):
+<materialsCitation id="FEA6F8D3466DD16EBF0E6EDD95BED114" collectingDate="1962-10-21" collectingDateMax="1984-09-09" collectingDateMin="1962-10-21" collectionCode="NAS, WUK, PE" country="China" county="Xinning County" location="Xinning County" municipality="Lin-Han Liu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
+<collectingCountry id="A17DC024680F7CF99625DA970AE238B6" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="F684CA3EDE06FDDD449DB78125A83D30" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="1428552B614CB4CE45C44C6ACD91024F">Xinning County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<date id="2D63A4FC670410C14F24A93E3255EDB2" value="1962-10-21">
+<collectingDate id="102BB70E4F69FBB2DDD312C11E8808F5" value="1962-10-21">21 Oct. 1962</collectingDate>
+</date>
+<emphasis id="217CE3E439A85B76811CD4C7058C7CBD" italics="true">
+<collectingMunicipality id="48DB875F415A35E0E6DC8E867DF27577">Lin-Han Liu</collectingMunicipality>
+15250
+</emphasis>
+(
+<collectionCode id="90ED3D5C84995CDBB1F10B3C66FB4944" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15733" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15733" name="Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">NAS</collectionCode>
+,
+<collectionCode id="83B64014A25478874D6833D74D87E4A2" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13062" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13062" name="Northwestern Institute of Botany" type="Herbarium">WUK</collectionCode>
+);
+<location id="30534DA607B95843BC7DE20BE09B7669" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:30534DA607B95843BC7DE20BE09B7669" country="China" county="Xinning County" municipality="Lin-Han Liu" name="Xinning County" stateProvince="Hunan">Xinning County</location>
+,
+<location id="CE0EACABB26420E0001B8C30FD9CBE4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:CE0EACABB26420E0001B8C30FD9CBE4D" country="China" county="Xinning County" municipality="Lin-Han Liu" name="Ziyun mountain" stateProvince="Hunan">Ziyun mountain</location>
+,
+<date id="5E72A14680968C24F791DC76309585CE" value="1984-09-09">
+<collectingDate id="A505918F9F1E9C03C50FCDA5CC6B73B9" value="1984-09-09">9 Sep. 1984</collectingDate>
+</date>
+<emphasis id="4EEE00E3CA3CFF80589B19FE38364336" italics="true">Ziyunshan Team 301</emphasis>
+,
+<emphasis id="B726507586CEABECA0CEFFFEB166E6F0" italics="true">981</emphasis>
+(
+<collectionCode id="B1EA8DA6DC786CF1034B1184F67413B6" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15858" name="Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">PE</collectionCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="7C9E4F1B660E0BA3BE603C3FD9895648">
+<taxonomicName id="7790741E1FE83D9DC94C11BA575A566B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanakae">
+<emphasis id="2B3C50392859157FA62407816D3DF9C9" italics="true">P. tanakae</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+:
+<materialsCitation id="AE80A9709541E712F739E271D6BA3DDB" collectingDate="1874-06" collectionCode="P" country="Japan" county="Savatier" location="Silvis" municipality="Fudsi Yama" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="F68DBC45BF33840B3557F6A1A0405359" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
+•
+<location id="0A53ED57BA8920D970FD2779E80CE54B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:0A53ED57BA8920D970FD2779E80CE54B" country="Japan" county="Savatier" municipality="Fudsi Yama" name="Silvis">Silvis</location>
+montis ignivomi,
+<collectingMunicipality id="3B632AD2B04000B9E54490D9D05A0634">Fudsi Yama</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<date id="6CD479A65806B22160B7BF4D193DFF9D" value="1874-06">
+<collectingDate id="BEF179E11C18B6906BF903A27D7760FC" value="1874-06">Jun. 1874</collectingDate>
+</date>
+<emphasis id="9A60CAE75A77D63745D4D3C23CE404C3" italics="true">
+<collectingCounty id="89D03B85E84AD833091F76E4236262EF">Savatier</collectingCounty>
+3436
+</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="4673E85F2843A476A3FBE9A4622CC231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+<collectionCode id="8AC05C9A94738BBF279FE4B84F56D203" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
+, image)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="A16B096CD1D776412D3247F5570C0E28">
+<taxonomicName id="0A545F2F61D040ADC979478DA4400AE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllum">
+<emphasis id="FAB0E411A49059B5796CC1F654CDB37B" italics="true">P. heterophyllum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+:
+<materialsCitation id="25EFBDBE3069845F97C8F16E59D6109A" collectingDate="1987-07-10" collectionCode="PE, E" country="China" county="Xinning County" location="Hupingshan Team" municipality="Huping mountain" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="6568332AE824DBA35EF35A3039A98525" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="A994EF14998F93097893C3041B5402A3" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="F6C65B7A2E8A45C1018592B937CC6CFB">Xinning County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="BF99419A0ACBA70ED23C89704C9B3CA1">Huping mountain</collectingMunicipality>
+,
+<date id="0AF2C33A039968744A8BF04EDC4F30E0" value="1987-07-10">
+<collectingDate id="8F1D427B2CFB4D77EE462DCB5EA9E6BB" value="1987-07-10">10 Jul. 1987</collectingDate>
+</date>
+<emphasis id="87404EF6262B84BB1BCC4B9C5F4C6088" italics="true">
+<location id="184A225D73A7941745371C631AA6B3EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:184A225D73A7941745371C631AA6B3EB" country="China" county="Xinning County" municipality="Huping mountain" name="Hupingshan Team" stateProvince="Hunan">Hupingshan Team</location>
+1318
+</emphasis>
+(
+<collectionCode id="BA34C618A70E9C0D532A823528F591F7" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15858" name="Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">PE</collectionCode>
+);
+<collectingRegion id="8C01A14984470D0E99DED4A83922D50B" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<location id="3997D6B332D5EA5086DB3C485C940169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:3997D6B332D5EA5086DB3C485C940169" country="China" county="Xinning County" municipality="Huping mountain" name="Baoxing County" stateProvince="Hunan">Baoxing County</location>
+, 7 Agu. 1936
+<emphasis id="C75A98DDBB617EDDF147411B92747FD5" italics="true">
+<location id="318E51ED4F4986BF8B63B6F8B45C28FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99E01637B24A512E8BAB785B600BD349:318E51ED4F4986BF8B63B6F8B45C28FC" country="China" county="Xinning County" municipality="Huping mountain" name="Gui-ling Qu" stateProvince="Hunan">Gui-ling Qu</location>
+3454
+</emphasis>
+(
+<typeStatus id="63D3737B4FA22C751C999E4A1B86ABB5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+<collectionCode id="D071599B67D7F58652E0EC69A53DA6D4" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
+, image)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="ADE84B4450F25C1DB0B7B833247BAE08">
+<taxonomicName id="9ABB913C54FBAD6E57231C71E81389A6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pternopetalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filicinum">
+<emphasis id="2775D170093AD65EFFE8CD48418FC856" italics="true">P. filicinum</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+:
+<materialsCitation id="E63FC22BE0947420F3365B28636A5FB1" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Ichang City, A" country="China" location="Hubei Province" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hubei" typeStatus="isotype">
+<collectingCountry id="FB212CEEDCABA81192DEEEFEEB3B2144" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="ABCC477F5E23A3491F4F0CC91E21D731" country="China" name="Hubei">Hubei Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectorName id="D36B24A312F0089ABE5BFB1C0C33B278">
+Ichang City,
+<emphasis id="D31304C2C287448A85FAC596B179D4E5" italics="true">A. Henry 6600</emphasis>
+</collectorName>
+(
+<typeStatus id="0B7CCBAC5E92B09E849AEB04950E2A3D" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
+<collectionCode id="F875DCEAECB38526C6B106F6190FC28A" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
+, image)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/BA/D5/77/BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192.xml b/data/BA/D5/77/BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3cda69f0626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/BA/D5/77/BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+<document id="37665A9B7B9A755142D2B09CCADB63C5" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774" ID-publisher-id="145774" URI-arpha="84E228B6-3D1B-55CC-9A93-8533E8894BFA" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741792473941" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yan, Jun, Xiong, Li, Yang, Li-Xun, He, Zheng-Mi, Zhang, Ping & Liao, Ke" docDate="2025" docId="BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 115: 137-153" docOrigin="MycoKeys 115" docSource="https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/145774/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docTitle="Clavaria tongdaoensis P. Zhang & Ju. Yan 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="84E228B63D1B55CC9A938533E8894BFA" masterDocTitle="Morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses reveal three new branched species of Clavaria (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) from China" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1741792562226" updateUser="pensoft">
+<mods:mods id="19C2252AAA9F8AF3C80EA72EF010862B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="77692CBEEF103459F254F38CC07AB38D">
+<mods:title id="92A4B8E85DD8D4D628AF0DA0C67D3D07">Morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses reveal three new branched species of Clavaria (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) from China</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="FEB5D097A876D74153F81F1AB51CF094" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="9881CA4CAC079A456E527131B198EF26">
+<mods:roleTerm id="5AAD85F10EAFC9800278BE3E77C6E774">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="6C0E297950818C92B6FD86C5905A5644">Yan, Jun</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="F3A690715B8A3E77B1C714E29AF00A17" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2832-8046</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="B1A29E2CCCA490BC18598C3B7F982D7D">College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China & Hunan Provincial Demonstration Center of Forestry Seeding Breeding, Changsha 410329, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="1906493FE527177231BF3FE836168890" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="A9FA865E53AF3BF7B7288AFDB3307F44">
+<mods:roleTerm id="98ED2FE5C87E7DF0B08D939676B38F8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="62FEA69A983BBB06D2EDB395270DB785">Xiong, Li</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC5B2F62860DEF4DB5E9BD82A19C3943" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3568-7737</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="E98F010E2C5A81645EE9F729E91BA6C2">Hunan Provincial Demonstration Center of Forestry Seeding Breeding, Changsha 410329, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="40E38C6F61A6B6B190046EEC65C5FE23" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="C558C84A65585D48014C43F2FD1AE35D">
+<mods:roleTerm id="68D731F8966512632B4A9490A161B1E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="479DC2B0F422CD7A91B809A81B5035E1">Yang, Li-Xun</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="FB0050CFAFC581618DDC60E2FA6F5A43" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3086-4424</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="7615B3A3A34DB5F96FFDEADBCB2BFD6C">Bureau of Forestry, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua 418500, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="EAD7878998DFF6576FD8ADCDEBA66C6A" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="9AC89F5EEBCBD0794C1FC0469ABCB928">
+<mods:roleTerm id="2244079832CBECE3A9577ADD26C53DB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="C1EBFE88513475B7389F5316741923D7">He, Zheng-Mi</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="65DE6C94831F9E336F3F8CD86D4AB544" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8754-3427</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="AEC23675B6C49C992006732051A78E79">College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="0CB03AB9CB9CD1F097D073DA40868AEE" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="108FEB201DF12C28F6BB4E12D24566FE">
+<mods:roleTerm id="748539981BF908855FF37CD80A24A0F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="0075FFDA7FA9FD61420D2C926E591810">Zhang, Ping</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="5BB320022ED1FBB16A5653999E004536" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8751-704X</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="116E5BA4B13529D0CD98FA524EC4AEF3">College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="8970461EA2B8B278F1415A2A367066E3" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="7B3AC64885C18407A7D83E1E06B9F476">
+<mods:roleTerm id="6DA152B7E076A55B6439FAC04BEF0DF2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="295B73239D8056EABF0D66D5B177E5F8">Liao, Ke</mods:namePart>
+<mods:affiliation id="A13C18C23F5DAFEFEA61790CE927A0FF">Hunan Provincial Demonstration Center of Forestry Seeding Breeding, Changsha 410329, China</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:typeOfResource id="B70B0E9A9382C8C5B762925B34EDBB82">text</mods:typeOfResource>
+<mods:relatedItem id="70201A1138D1CCC4829F080B5C64C6D8" type="host">
+<mods:titleInfo id="A14263517B217F44D3513380AA35E7F6">
+<mods:title id="D577643FBBE3D89DBA8A29426767F08F">MycoKeys</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:part id="37B3EC0FDE17613407533BD82D02C04F">
+<mods:date id="939DBCCDF221DA0135149A744EA3D929">2025</mods:date>
+<mods:detail id="15D9E751AC3A931A91CDAE8A92E7B6F7" type="pubDate">
+<mods:number id="508A5177067D8A1F7A0056C668D387DE">2025-03-12</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:detail id="2CFFC19DCDDA0BA7B04BC10DCB895835" type="volume">
+<mods:number id="DFBE61B7BF611C01C71A705E1005A1EB">115</mods:number>
+</mods:detail>
+<mods:extent id="A853EB7C49C15CEE4AF2EEE3EAAF74A3" unit="page">
+<mods:start id="22B2967FFCDF7F1ADC2CC76F14F518FB">137</mods:start>
+<mods:end id="33F570342FDD8F85AF3DA53E1D3B26C7">153</mods:end>
+</mods:extent>
+</mods:part>
+</mods:relatedItem>
+<mods:classification id="28D1FD2E6C0B9A23FAC2E3BE15DD8324">journal article</mods:classification>
+<mods:identifier id="7013E22CB9842C62B3036BA10A06A0B5" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192" ID-arpha="BAD57780-344C-55DB-9250-906F289B2192" ID-mycobank="857602" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192">
+<subSubSection id="CFE5DBA5185A44888E5430A038937EA9" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="5B7FA7402761B7970E95290C405D539A">
+<taxonomicName id="ACD59B6E644660FDDE85EF469A92D81F" authority="P. Zhang & Ju. Yan" authorityName="P. Zhang & Ju. Yan" authorityYear="2025" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tongdaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="BAAEF271FFB7D686297D4612340D0431" italics="true">Clavaria tongdaoensis</emphasis>
+P. Zhang & Ju. Yan
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="C5D63A30EB1B0C3C61B48C4FB5EA0189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="2FFC6B8D1177100D28E328BA2183E378" type="description">
+<paragraph id="A83F58659592EC5C148BD02C9B234CAD">
+<figureCitation id="CE22B59B042380EACF9C1AE85CEA759A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Basidiomata of Clavaria tongdaoensis a MHHNU 11093 b MHHNU 11094. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278628">Figs 6</figureCitation>
+,
+<figureCitation id="1C1D7E57D86ED24BB965BD025E3B9EEF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Microscopic features of Clavaria tongdaoensis (MHHNU 11094) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278629">7</figureCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EGQCI" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="39368B21BE57C81D7884E842FDA0BAB8">
+<heading id="D864A057BD1AB48252FD4A15DCEF2E1F" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="755F1040FCB0AF2EF002BABB2E0C8F63">
+<taxonomicName id="482E3537654F0FC848AF40EF3F41DE72" authority="(Latin)" baseAuthorityName="Latin" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tongdaoensis">
+<emphasis id="AE51B3D5FC46D7A462526AC99590CD9F" italics="true">tongdaoensis</emphasis>
+(Latin)
+</taxonomicName>
+refers to the
+<typeStatus id="B3C754E8C5A12114D213BBF72F5475FE">type</typeStatus>
+locality in Tongdao County,
+<collectingRegion id="C7CFD16BD49D81646B879F0A27219D69" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+,
+<collectingCountry id="B74F981991FCB13102BC7EA045D5AB41" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EWQCI" type="Holotype">
+<paragraph id="D3036C84B51ABFC22BEFC8704F145E11">
+<heading id="D43ADAA5B619DD1DFD9FA0708EAA12B6" reason="title">
+<typeStatus id="E2CA2D00BD26C095485919F7EB70AF44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="3655CF1A2AFEA58274DDAAB514DD14BB">
+<materialsCitation id="C235E0B50B40AB1EE8B3E14A94451782" collectingDate="2022-07-06" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="P. Zhang & Li-Xun Yang" country="China" county="Tongdao County" elevation="400" latitude="26.162683" location="Fengshuwan Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.77543" municipality="Fengshuwan Forest Park" specimenCode="MHHNU 11094" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan" typeStatus="holotype">
+<collectingCountry id="DB2846AEE44E330DE5627041DCA72633" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="9B57C93D94EC3D06A2C564F44000A17D" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="1EC8592EE4B63C603800BD461701FD00">Tongdao County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="0B39D14DB11DC13FD93A5D5BD2D59A18">
+<location id="FCFCE7A1182C94B5D1FC5F41C63DD37C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192:FCFCE7A1182C94B5D1FC5F41C63DD37C" country="China" county="Tongdao County" latitude="26.162683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.77543" municipality="Fengshuwan Forest Park" name="Fengshuwan Forest" stateProvince="Hunan">Fengshuwan Forest</location>
+Park
+</collectingMunicipality>
+, alt.
+<quantity id="8D10C97AE40BA8D2127497A20BF9A13F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
+<elevation id="7C5A03A538CB8306B25C36550A4A7141" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
+</quantity>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E6QCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[109.775422,26.162683]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="A6C4D13EC4BCF8E2211E781776B18444" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.66" value="26.162683">26 ° 09 ' 45.66 " N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="70B4384F5BC4BE7E223D5A7276E2A166" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.52" value="109.77543">109 ° 46 ' 31.52 " E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="B6A1E6E4A5BC8588940303B1E19F86AD" value="2022-07-06">
+<collectingDate id="6D9E739CF39D2D8472DDBBF155C8C5C4" value="2022-07-06">6 July 2022</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<collectorName id="014FA80175160557B64D17396E7928FC">P. Zhang</collectorName>
+and
+<collectorName id="E547B3E5CE8A67DF44D439E335E93A2E">Li-Xun Yang</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="9A8D7A91F0A03188185EA773BDD79B2C" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 11094</specimenCode>
+).
+</materialsCitation>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EERCI" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="3B33FD351D76630DF85F8CB6FD89B736">
+<heading id="E61E78BC7520B04AB50B2B50391255A8" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="D3F033D400481F3E4E6C4628EA5F041E">
+Distinguished from
+<taxonomicName id="76F71CB898C6881CEE1E99E1F9888423" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="orientalis">
+<emphasis id="D8A440B0200F0A4FC4685AB9D341091A" italics="true">Clavaria orientalis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and
+<taxonomicName id="6255DB520A05642E8ACBB1795B15AE20" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
+<emphasis id="D254782B112650FC6EBF6FAD2AC4033D" italics="true">Clavaria zollingeri</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+by its smaller basidiomata and basidiospores.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EASCI" type="description">
+<paragraph id="9E1A18BF04A0836164E0FC9D136BC8AE">
+<heading id="C8773B9F761B04DB753295C784735732" reason="title">Description.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="2CF94FF9A6B03F124D23868CC2CA208A">
+Basidiomata (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="EB3F5A5E122CD89DB00B6027B2999212" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Basidiomata of Clavaria tongdaoensis a MHHNU 11093 b MHHNU 11094. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278628">6 a, b</figureCitation>
+) branched, brittle, gregarious to caespitose clusters; clusters
+<quantity id="505D82AF75315C0B724EC4CC17645D3C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="25.0">25–45 mm</quantity>
+high,
+<quantity id="058FF5B7A7BC0E69BCE0FC9397C3BFDB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
+broad; branches terete,
+<quantity id="92A7C880428C5F0241903927728E2F03" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
+wide, 1–3 times, dichotomous; branch tips narrowly rounded or awl-shaped. Fertile part coralloid, smooth, often curved or slightly twisted, pale purple to pale purplish pink [13 A 2-3, 14 A 2-3; Pale Lavender Violet, Pale Lobelia Violet, Pale Purplish Vinaceous], turning white with age. Apex concolorous with lower part, becoming yellowish or tawny with age. Stipe distinct, sterile, smooth, terete, semi-translucent, hygrophanous, slightly darker color than the fertile part. Flesh concolorous with surface of basidiomata.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="14F5B134661DEB903DD699F66563541F" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure6" ID-arpha="ADFDC61F-D521-5878-9786-77BD26BC4463" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278628" startId="F6">
+<paragraph id="A45520B55A62000EF4F713DFE6BF604D">
+<label id="AB805AB6D388C68414FF15832D3606F1">Figure 6.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="433A0B73E5A98EA8CBEAC1DBBA39A58B">
+Basidiomata of
+<taxonomicName id="C936E9A9EE0EB7456A6C87AE34E7AC70" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tongdaoensis">
+<emphasis id="D6AD7784533746576EC3D819C7297FEE" italics="true">Clavaria tongdaoensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<emphasis id="94CD639AB5F936BE8972BF586774F57F" bold="true">a</emphasis>
+MHHNU 11093
+<emphasis id="A83337D0084B914AC18D65D6A7E097C7" bold="true">b</emphasis>
+MHHNU 11094. Scale bars: 2 cm.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="C390D96EE98AAAB61C61AC42F761C437">
+Basidiospores (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="46C75902AA0A02207843525FF99C1F6A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Microscopic features of Clavaria tongdaoensis (MHHNU 11094) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278629">7 a</figureCitation>
+) [100 / 5 / 3] 3.5–5.0 × 3.0–4.2 (4.5) μm [Q = (1.05) 1.06–1.33, Q = 1.16 ± 0.08], broadly ellipsoid, sometimes subglobose, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin-walled; hilar appendage present. Basidia (Fig.
+<figureCitation id="ECBE09F529CEA537C0D9543C4FB753AB" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Microscopic features of Clavaria tongdaoensis (MHHNU 11094) a basidiospores b basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278629">7 b</figureCitation>
+) 26–43 × 6.5–8.0 μm, clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline, thin-walled; sterigmata below 5.0 μm long. Incrustations or crystals absent. Hyphae of the context parallel, thin-walled, hyaline, cylindrical to inflated, secondarily septated. Clamp connections absent in all parts of basidiomata.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="A80A834975A6B273472C92B240E4C780" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774.figure7" ID-arpha="38D571B4-6916-5593-93A2-C8D595597886" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1278629" startId="F7">
+<paragraph id="0A20FAD20EF243733C22182E3D5F81F6">
+<label id="B6F178FB80DDD1AC281D74B72598F68F">Figure 7.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="DD2398AC1359759E2B81FACF0B364112">
+Microscopic features of
+<taxonomicName id="A605028C0EE159470337B1201500A4CA" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariaceae" genus="Clavaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tongdaoensis">
+<emphasis id="051E57C18534B0B93742EF0898CB5FC3" italics="true">Clavaria tongdaoensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(MHHNU 11094)
+<emphasis id="0C787BA658B5C17933913B5AD7D4327A" bold="true">a</emphasis>
+basidiospores
+<emphasis id="F476353F9D02A5D6D0781C1A5471F589" bold="true">b</emphasis>
+basidia.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EMUCI" type="habitat">
+<paragraph id="B308CCFA5BE4F18D828E7AB75EE30EBE">
+<heading id="085886C381A7B97A3D954AED52E9DAAD" reason="title">Habitat, ecology, and distribution.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="FB52B9E1C00AE696C4425AEEB0E8BFEA">
+Gregarious to caespitose in humus layers of soil under broadleaved forests. Basidiomata produced in summer; known only from the
+<typeStatus id="A7C452E7902BC67B419C3E1B14C13802">type</typeStatus>
+locality,
+<collectingCountry id="BCCF1AFBBB36E9F83BE9CC79F31295F8" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ERUCI" type="material">
+<paragraph id="97E0BD68FBCB8EC891D43878643967DF">
+<heading id="1EDFF80D76F6492C2C5B2C7A960B389F" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="27C333B89CE162346A18C9E7857914EC">
+<materialsCitation id="98EA544F6704E2CDCC929D214D0B4E02" collectingDate="2022-07-06" collectionCode="MHHNU" collectorName="P. Zhang & Li-Xun Yang" country="China" county="Tongdao County" elevation="400" latitude="26.162683" location="Fengshuwan Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.77543" municipality="Fengshuwan Forest Park" specimenCode="MHHNU 11091, MHHNU 11093" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
+<collectingCountry id="D291B019A8206FC4DDC58107C8874D7F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
+•
+<collectingRegion id="9E6493D7A8D372B4A08FAC2343656216" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
+:
+<collectingCounty id="0FB57D576C2AA1E2A16C06F319AFC7F4">Tongdao County</collectingCounty>
+,
+<collectingMunicipality id="321F783D21F1D2F9D74558A89ED98243">
+<location id="DFFE8B1DA956884C7AC1A95BE3D5BE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAD57780344C55DB9250906F289B2192:DFFE8B1DA956884C7AC1A95BE3D5BE7D" country="China" county="Tongdao County" latitude="26.162683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.77543" municipality="Fengshuwan Forest Park" name="Fengshuwan Forest" stateProvince="Hunan">Fengshuwan Forest</location>
+Park
+</collectingMunicipality>
+, alt.
+<quantity id="5C322237771F676C9352CF4F4094DB9A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
+<elevation id="852EFEF416AE12D293A4C69B77FBC167" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
+</quantity>
+,
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1UCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[109.775422,26.162683]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="7B09745DF863AC5A10576152923E98A9" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.66" value="26.162683">26 ° 09 ' 45.66 " N</geoCoordinate>
+,
+<geoCoordinate id="FF85ECC890747B79BBF52A80D5E1C3AE" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.52" value="109.77543">109 ° 46 ' 31.52 " E</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+,
+<date id="C24E1790AB0FA39574350ECB925A7E19" value="2022-07-06">
+<collectingDate id="77D47B7467F8981D15C1C5AB7EAD5DFF" value="2022-07-06">6 July 2022</collectingDate>
+</date>
+,
+<collectorName id="2C713CF92CB246685F7612A4D22C8E3B">P. Zhang</collectorName>
+and
+<collectorName id="E48C552D9ACFA95F8DE09A216FE5DF71">Li-Xun Yang</collectorName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="DC9E57FE72662946C1962C2C749D57FD" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 11091</specimenCode>
+,
+<specimenCode id="B1661025EB5A51FD93124E62C0BAB9B5" collectionCode="MHHNU">MHHNU 11093</specimenCode>
+)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file