diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97.xml index 4d4f88eb0b3..c4d3cb5dd17 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97.xml @@ -1,454 +1,459 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - - - - - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + + + + + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu -sp.nov. +sp.nov. - - + + LSID: - + urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -B12C9470-F32C-4CEA-9A1B- E2DE6D0CDBA3 +B12C9470-F32C-4CEA-9A1B- E2DE6D0CDBA3 - - - - -Holotype + + + + +Holotype ( -Figs 22C +Figs 22C , -23B +23B , -24 +24 , -25 +25 ): -QCAZ 58822 +QCAZ 58822 (field no. SC-PUCE 49151) -adult female +adult female from -Ecuador +Ecuador , -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , -Canton Morona +Canton Morona , -Sinaí Parish +Sinaí Parish , -Sangay National Park +Sangay National Park , -Sardinayacu +Sardinayacu , trail to El Enmascarado Lagoon from refuge 3 ( -2.0500°S +2.0500°S , -78.2196°W +78.2196°W ), - -1798 m + +1798 m a.s.l. Collected by -Javier Pinto +Javier Pinto , -David Velalcázar +David Velalcázar , and -Darwin Núñez +Darwin Núñez on - -23 January 2015 + +23 January 2015 . - - - -Paratype + + + +Paratype (N = 1; -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ): Same locality, collectors, and date as holotype, -QCAZ 58821 -adult female +QCAZ 58821 +adult female . - - -Proposed standard English name: + + +Proposed standard English name: Sardinayacu leaflitter frog. - -Proposed standard Spanish name: + +Proposed standard Spanish name: Cutín de Hojarasca de Sardinayacu. - - -Definition + + +Definition ( -Figs 22C +Figs 22C , -23B +23B , -24 +24 , -25 +25 ; -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 -): +3 +): We assign the new species to the genus - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes based on its phylogenetic relationships. The new species is characterized by: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen, dorsolateral folds absent, ventral surfaces smooth, discoidal fold present; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present, supratympanic fold absent, postrictal tubercle absent; (3) snout rounded to truncate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view; (4) upper eyelid without tubercles, cranial crests absent; (5) vomerine teeth absent; (6) vocal slits and nuptial pads unknown; (7) fingers not expanded distally, finger tips subacuminate without papillae, finger I shorter than finger II, supernumerary tubercles present; (8) fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes, ill-defined pads lacking circumferential grooves; (9) distal phalanges blunt to T-shaped, phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3; (10) ulnar tubercles absent; (11) knees and heels without tubercles, outer edge of tarsus without tubercles, inner edge of tarsus bearing one subconical tubercle; (12) inner metatarsal tubercle elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view, bigger than rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; (13) toes slightly expanded distally, with acuminate toe tips and lacking papillae, supernumerary tubercles present, narrow lateral fringes on toes, toe webbing absent, all toes bearing ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves, toe V shorter than toe III; (14) in life, brown dorsum, with two dark brown sacral lateral patches with light brown border, triangular cloacal blotch dark brown with light brown border, ventral surfaces dark brown with scattered small white spots, facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to groins, groins orange– brown; and (15) SVL in adult males unknown, SVL in adult females -14.21 mm +14.21 mm ( -N +N = 2) ( -Table 4 +Table 4 ). - - -Figure 22. + + +Figure 22. Skulls of - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes species. A , - -Phyllonastes myrmecoides + +Phyllonastes myrmecoides QCAZ 53583. B, - - -Phyllonastes plateadensis + + +Phyllonastes plateadensis QCAZ 65015 . C, - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu , QCAZ 58821. - - -Figure 23. + + +Figure 23. Skeletons of - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes species. A , - - -Phyllonastes plateadensis + + +Phyllonastes plateadensis QCAZ 65015 , SVL = 15.70 mm. B, - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu QCAZ 58821, SVL = 14.32 mm. C, - -Phyllonastes personinus + +Phyllonastes personinus QCAZ 58818, SVL = 16.91 mm. - - - + + + Diagnosis: -Phyllonastes sardinayacu +Phyllonastes sardinayacu resembles its closest related species, - -P. macuma + +P. macuma , - -P. lochites + +P. lochites , and - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides , by having a tympanic annulus, tympanic membrane, fingers not expanded distally, and acuminate toe tips. It differs from - -P. macuma + +P. macuma by having subconical inner tarsal tubercle (rounded in - -P. macuma + +P. macuma ) and a mask extending to groins (mask extending to anterior half of flank in - -P. macuma + +P. macuma ), and by the absence of papillae in toe tips (present in - -P. macuma + +P. macuma ). - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu also differs from - -P. lochites + +P. lochites and - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides by having three phalanges in finger IV (two phalanges in finger IV in - -P. lochites + +P. lochites and - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ). It differs further from - -P. lochites + +P. lochites by having a rounded snout in lateral view (subtruncate in - -P. lochites + +P. lochites ) and from - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides by the absence of papillae in fingertips and toe tips (both present in - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ) and by the presence of supernumerary plantar tubercles (absent in - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ). For a comparison with other - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes species that are more phylogenetically distant, see -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 +3 . - - -Figure 24. + + +Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu . Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype -QCAZ 58822 +QCAZ 58822 , adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life. B, C, in preservative. Scale bars are given for preserved adults. - - - + + + Description of the -holotype +holotype ( -Figs 24 +Figs 24 , -25 +25 ): Adult female ( -QCAZ 58822 +QCAZ 58822 ). Measurements (in millimetres): SVL, 14.10; tibia length, 6.53; foot length, 6.39; head length, 3.77; head width, 4.33; eye diameter, 1.66; tympanum diameter, 0.78; interorbital distance, 1.87; upper eyelid width, 1.26; internarial distance, 1.68; eye–nostril distance, 0.92. -Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis slightly convex in lateral view; loreal region straight in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid lacking tubercles. Tympanic annulus beneath skin; tympanic membrane present; supratympanic fold and postrictal tubercles absent. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits and nuptial pads absent. Snout short and round in dorsal and lateral views, without rostral papilla. -Skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces smooth; skin on cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle rounded, with a small extension pointing towards the centre of the palm, larger than elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles visible only at base of fingers, round in ventral and lateral view; supernumerary tubercles present; narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers; discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads; fingers not expanded distally, tip of fingers subacuminate; circumferential grooves not visible; relative length of fingers is I <IV <II <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3. -Hindlimbs robust; heels and knees without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small, subconical, and prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle small (ill defined in preservative), elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view; round outer metatarsal tubercle well defined and prominent; plantar surface with supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles, ill defined, visible only at base of toes; toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; webbing between toes absent; discs on toes ill defined (ill defined in preservative), slightly expanded, with acuminate tip (specially on toe III), papilla on tip absent; ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V. - - -Figure 25. +Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis slightly convex in lateral view; loreal region straight in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid lacking tubercles. Tympanic annulus beneath skin; tympanic membrane present; supratympanic fold and postrictal tubercles absent. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits and nuptial pads absent. Snout short and round in dorsal and lateral views, without rostral papilla. +Skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces smooth; skin on cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle rounded, with a small extension pointing towards the centre of the palm, larger than elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles visible only at base of fingers, round in ventral and lateral view; supernumerary tubercles present; narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers; discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads; fingers not expanded distally, tip of fingers subacuminate; circumferential grooves not visible; relative length of fingers is I <IV <II <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3. +Hindlimbs robust; heels and knees without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small, subconical, and prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle small (ill defined in preservative), elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view; round outer metatarsal tubercle well defined and prominent; plantar surface with supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles, ill defined, visible only at base of toes; toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; webbing between toes absent; discs on toes ill defined (ill defined in preservative), slightly expanded, with acuminate tip (specially on toe III), papilla on tip absent; ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V. + + +Figure 25. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu . Photographs of left hand and left foot of the holotype -QCAZ 58822 +QCAZ 58822 . - - + + Colour of -holotype +holotype in life (based on digital photographs) ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ): Brown dorsum, slightly darker anteriorly, with two lateral, dark brown circular spots with a light brown border at sacrum level. Triangular cloacal blotch dark brown with light brown border. Ventral surfaces dark brown with scattered small white spots. Ventral surfaces of thighs and lower abdomen with irregular orange–brown blotches. Facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to groins and delineated dorsally by a light line. Flanks brown, with dark brown band along anterior half, connecting anteriorly with dark brown face mask. Groins brownish orange. Lips bearing small and white spots. Forearms, elbows, and knees with dark brown blotches delineated by a paler line. - - + + Colour of -holotype +holotype in preservative ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ): Dorsal surfaces brown. Head slightly darker than dorsum. Sacral lateral patches dark brown, with slightly lighter border. Cloacal triangle, spots on knees, and elbows dark brown with lighter margins. Ventral surfaces brown, becoming darker towards the throat. Scattered cream spots on ventral surfaces, more marked posteriorly and on hindlimbs. - - + + Variation ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ): This section refers to preserved individuals, unless otherwise mentioned. The only -paratype +paratype , QCAZ 58821 (adult female), differs from the -holotype +holotype in having a truncate snout in dorsal view and darker coloration. Morphometric variation is detailed in -Table 4 +Table 4 . - - - + + + Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): -Phyllonastes sardinayacu +Phyllonastes sardinayacu is known from a single locality in Sangay National Park, near Sardinayacu, -1700 m +1700 m a.s.l. Individuals were collected in Eastern Montane Forest at night (22:00–23:00 h) on leaf litter in primary and -terra firme +terra firme forest. Because of the lack of information on population size and geographical range, we suggest assigning - -P. sardinayacu + +P. sardinayacu to the Data Deficient IUCN Red List Category (based on -IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023 +IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023 ). - - -Etymology: + + +Etymology: The specific name - -sardinayacu + +sardinayacu is a toponym used in apposition and it refers to a river at the species -type +type locality. Sardinayacu is a compound word of Kichua origin, ‘sardina’ meaning sardine and ‘yaku’ meaning water. diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF92FFEBC2F4C011965B4CF8.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF92FFEBC2F4C011965B4CF8.xml index 6ac50e13ed0..86b6ab01668 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF92FFEBC2F4C011965B4CF8.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF92FFEBC2F4C011965B4CF8.xml @@ -1,408 +1,413 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - - - - - -Phyllonastes plateadensis + + + + + +Phyllonastes plateadensis -sp.nov. +sp.nov. - - + + LSID: - + urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -73A895D9-46FE-4DA0-AF85- 18FF11503A30 +73A895D9-46FE-4DA0-AF85- 18FF11503A30 - - - - -Holotype + + + + +Holotype ( -Figs 20 +Figs 20 , -21 +21 , -22B +22B , -23A +23A ): -QCAZ 65015 +QCAZ 65015 (field no. SC-PUCE56489) -adultfemalefromEcuador +adultfemalefromEcuador , -ZamoraChinchipe Province +ZamoraChinchipe Province , -Canton Palanda +Canton Palanda , -La Canela Parish +La Canela Parish , -Cerro Plateado Biological Reserve +Cerro Plateado Biological Reserve , -surroundings of Camp 3 +surroundings of Camp 3 , -trail from Mirador to Camp 3 +trail from Mirador to Camp 3 ( -4.6027°S +4.6027°S , -78.8310°W +78.8310°W ), - -2055 m + +2055 m a.s.l. Collected by -Diego Almeida +Diego Almeida , -Kunam Nusirquia +Kunam Nusirquia , -Fernando Ayala +Fernando Ayala , -Javier Pinto +Javier Pinto , -Alex Áchig +Alex Áchig , and Malki Bustos on - -23 September 2016 + +23 September 2016 . - - - -Paratypes + + + +Paratypes (N = 1; -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 ): -QCAZ 65016 -juvenile +QCAZ 65016 +juvenile from -Ecuador +Ecuador , -Zamora Chinchipe Province +Zamora Chinchipe Province , -Canton Palanda +Canton Palanda , -La Canela Parish +La Canela Parish , -Biological Reserve Cerro Plateado +Biological Reserve Cerro Plateado , -surroundings of Camp 3 +surroundings of Camp 3 , -trail of the upper section of Río Negro +trail of the upper section of Río Negro ( -4.5993°S +4.5993°S , -78.8350°W +78.8350°W ) - -1980 m + +1980 m a.s.l. Collected by -Diego Almeida +Diego Almeida , -Kunam Nusirquia +Kunam Nusirquia , Fernando Ayala, -Javier Pinto +Javier Pinto , -Alex Áchig +Alex Áchig and -Malki Bustos +Malki Bustos on - -26 September 2016 + +26 September 2016 . - - -Proposed standard English name: + + +Proposed standard English name: Cerro Plateado leaflitter frog. - -Proposed standard Spanish name: + +Proposed standard Spanish name: Cutín de Hojarasca de Cerro Plateado. - - -Definition + + +Definition ( -Figs 20 +Figs 20 , -21 +21 , -22B +22B , -23A +23A ; -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 -): +3 +): We assign the new species to the genus - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes based on its phylogenetic relationships. The new species is characterized by: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen, dorsolateral folds absent, ventral surfaces weakly areolate, discoidal fold present; (2) tympanic membrane not differentiated, tympanic annulus present but inconspicuous, supratympanic fold and postrictal tubercles absent; (3) snout broadly rounded in dorsal view and rounded and lateral view; (4) upper eyelid without tubercles, cranial crests absent; (5) vomerine teeth absent; (6) vocal slits and nuptial pads unknown; (7) fingers not expanded distally, finger tips subacuminate, without papillae, finger I shorter than finger II, supernumerary tubercles present; (8) fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes, ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves; (9) distal phalanges blunt or T-shaped, phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3; (10) ulnar tubercles absent; (11) knees and heels without tubercles, outer edge of tarsus without tubercles, inner edge of tarsus bearing one rounded tubercle; (12) inner metatarsal tubercle small, rounded in ventral view and very low in lateral view, smaller than rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; (13) toes slightly expanded distally, with acuminate toe tips and lacking papillae, supernumerary tubercles ill defined, narrow lateral fringes on toes, toe basal webbing absent, all toes bearing ill-defined circumferential grooves, toe V shorter than Toe III; (14) in life, dorsal surfaces light brown with scattered white dots; circular dark brown sacral lateral marks delineated by a paler line, cloacal region cream surrounded by a dark brown stripe, facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to groins, flanks brown, ventral surfaces brown with white spots; and (15) SVL in adult males unknown, adult female -19.35 mm +19.35 mm ( -N +N = 1) ( -Table 4 +Table 4 ). - - - + + + Diagnosis: -Phyllonastes plateadensis +Phyllonastes plateadensis resembles its closest species, - -P. dicaprioi + +P. dicaprioi and - -P. heyeri + +P. heyeri , by having the snout rounded in lateral view, a tympanic annulus, supernumerary palmar tubercles, three phalanges in finger IV, and by the absence of papillae in fingers and toes. It differs from both by lacking a supratympanic fold (present in - -P. dicaprioi + +P. dicaprioi and - -P. heyeri + +P. heyeri ) and by having a broadly rounded snout in dorsal view (snout rounded in - -P. dicaprioi + +P. dicaprioi and subacuminate in - -P. heyeri + +P. heyeri ), rounded inner tarsal tubercle (inner tarsal tubercle conical in - -P. dicaprioi + +P. dicaprioi and - -P. heyeri + +P. heyeri ), and circumferential grooves of fingers (fingers without circumferential grooves in - -P. dicaprioi + +P. dicaprioi and - -P. heyeri + +P. heyeri ). For a comparison with other - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes species that are more phylogenetically distant, see -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 +3 . - - - + + + Description of the -holotype +holotype ( -Figs 20 +Figs 20 , -21 +21 , -22B +22B , -23A +23A ): Adult female ( -QCAZ 65015 +QCAZ 65015 ). Measurements (in millimetres): SVL, 19.35; tibia length, 7.79; foot length, 8.66; head length, 5.74; head width, 7.05; eye diameter, 2.14; tympanum diameter, 1.18; interorbital distance, 1.93; upper eyelid width, 1.31; internarial distance, 1.79; eye–nostril distance, 1.51. -Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis straight in lateral view; loreal region slightly concave in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid lacking tubercles. Tympanic annulus inconspicuous but visible beneath skin; tympanic membrane not differentiated; supratympanic fold and postrictal tubercles absent. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits and nuptial pads absent. Snout broadly rounded in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, without rostral papilla. -Skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces weakly areolate; skin in cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent; palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle circular, larger than elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles ill defined, more conspicuous at the base of fingers, round in ventral and lateral view; three supernumerary tubercles present at the base of fingers; narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers, fingers not expanded distally; discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads with an ill-defined circumferential groove; fingertips subacuminate lacking papillae; relative length of fingers is I <IV <II <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3. -Hindlimbs robust; knees and heels without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercle absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small and round; inner metatarsal tubercle small (ill defined in preservative), rounded in ventral and lateral views; well-defined and round outer metatarsal tubercle, bigger than the inner one; plantar surface with ill-defined supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles ill defined; toes with narrow dermal lateral fringes; webbing between toes absent; toes slightly expanded distally, discs on toes ill defined (ill defined in preservative), narrow with acuminated tip, papilla on tip not visible; ill-defined circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V (toe III reaches the distal border of the second subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V almost reaches the proximal border of the second tubercle of toe IV). - - +Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis straight in lateral view; loreal region slightly concave in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid lacking tubercles. Tympanic annulus inconspicuous but visible beneath skin; tympanic membrane not differentiated; supratympanic fold and postrictal tubercles absent. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits and nuptial pads absent. Snout broadly rounded in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, without rostral papilla. +Skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces weakly areolate; skin in cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent; palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle circular, larger than elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles ill defined, more conspicuous at the base of fingers, round in ventral and lateral view; three supernumerary tubercles present at the base of fingers; narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers, fingers not expanded distally; discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads with an ill-defined circumferential groove; fingertips subacuminate lacking papillae; relative length of fingers is I <IV <II <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3. +Hindlimbs robust; knees and heels without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercle absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small and round; inner metatarsal tubercle small (ill defined in preservative), rounded in ventral and lateral views; well-defined and round outer metatarsal tubercle, bigger than the inner one; plantar surface with ill-defined supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles ill defined; toes with narrow dermal lateral fringes; webbing between toes absent; toes slightly expanded distally, discs on toes ill defined (ill defined in preservative), narrow with acuminated tip, papilla on tip not visible; ill-defined circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V (toe III reaches the distal border of the second subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V almost reaches the proximal border of the second tubercle of toe IV). + + Colour of -holotype +holotype in life (based on digital photographs) ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 ): Dorsal surfaces light brown, with some scattered white dots; circular dark brown sacral lateral patches well defined, delineated by a paler line. Cloacal region cream, surrounded by a dark brown stripe. Facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to groins and delineated along its dorsal edge by a light orange line, more conspicuous rostrally. Flanks light brown, bearing the dark brown mask extension. Lips bearing small and white spots. Forearms with two dark brown blotches delineated by a paler line; the proximal blotch is bigger than the distal one. Heels bearing a dark brown blotch with a paler border; tarsus bearing dark brown blotches surrounded by a paler border dorsally. Ventral surfaces brown with white spots that become bigger towards the cloacal region. - - + + Colour of -holotype +holotype in preservative ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 ): Dorsal surfaces light brown, with dark brown sacral lateral circular blotches surrounded by a cream edge. Facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to near groins, limited on its upper side by a thin cream-coloured line. Ventral surfaces light brown, bearing ill-defined white spots that become bigger posteriorly. Posterior surfaces of thighs light brown. Cloacal region white, surrounded by a dark brown stripe, and bearing small and dispersed dark brown flecks. Forearms dorsally with two dark brown blotches delineated by a paler line; the proximal blotch is bigger and better defined than the distal one. - - -Figure 20. + + +Figure 20. Live and preserved specimens of - -Phyllonastes plateadensis + +Phyllonastes plateadensis . Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype -QCAZ 65015 +QCAZ 65015 , adult female, SVL = 15.70 mm; and C, D, paratype QCAZ 65016, juvenile, SVL = 9.27 mm. A, C, in life. B, D, in preservative. Scale bar is given only for preserved adults. - - + + Variation ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 ): This section refers to living individuals unless otherwise mentioned. Juvenile QCAZ 65016 has more and better-defined dark brown circular marks on the tarsus. Facial mask can be ill defined and weakly contrasting, as in QCAZ 65016. Juvenile ventral coloration is darker than in adult, with a darker throat and white spots restricted to belly and thighs, as in QCAZ 65016. Tip of toes may be subacuminate, as in QCAZ 65016. Juvenile presents more inconspicuous palmar and plantar tubercles, round and lower than those in adults in lateral view. Morphometric variation is detailed in -Table 4 +Table 4 . - - -Figure 21. + + +Figure 21. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of - -Phyllonastes plateadensis + +Phyllonastes plateadensis . Photographs of right hand and right foot of the holotype -QCAZ 65015 +QCAZ 65015 . - - - + + + Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): -Phyllonastes plateadensis +Phyllonastes plateadensis is known from the surroundings of the Biological Reserve Cerro Plateado from -1980 to 2093 m +1980 to 2093 m a.s.l. Cerro Plateado is in Cordillera del Cóndor, a sub-Andean cordillera separate from the main Andean chain. Individuals were collected in primary Eastern Montane Forest, at night (22:00– 23:00 h), on mossy soils and on leaf litter, at the edge of creeks next to water pools. Cerro Plateado is a sandstone formation. Forests in sandstone at Cordillera del Cóndor are characterized by dwarf trees with a canopy of ~ -5 m +5 m (Schulenberg and Awbrey 1997). Because of the lack of information related to population size and geographical range, we assign - -P. plateadensis + +P. plateadensis to the Data Deficient IUCN Red List Category (based on -IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023 +IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023 ). - - -Etymology: + + +Etymology: The specific epithet - -plateadensis + +plateadensis is a toponym noun in apposition and it refers to the -type +type locality. diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF99FFFCC039C24D95CA4865.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF99FFFCC039C24D95CA4865.xml index 19654c9123e..b61812170da 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF99FFFCC039C24D95CA4865.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF99FFFCC039C24D95CA4865.xml @@ -1,81 +1,81 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -14832689 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 @@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: Holotype ( -Figs 28 +Figs 28 , -29 +29 ): QCAZ 66078 @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ on Paratypes (N = 8; -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 ): All collected in @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Cutín de hojarasca de Merino. Definition ( -Figs 28–33 +Figs 28–33 ; Tables 2 and @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ based on its phylogenetic relationships. The new species is characterized by: (1 ). - + Figure 29. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces @@ -351,9 +351,9 @@ by the presence of vomerine teeth in two small rows, oblique, broadly separated, Description of the holotype ( -Figs 28 +Figs 28 and -29 +29 ): Adult female ( @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ Hindlimbs robust; dorsal surface of hindlimbs smooth; posterior and ventral surf 0.75 mm ), well defined, rounded, and prominent; plantar surface without supernumerary tubercles; basal subarticular tubercles well defined, round in dorsal view; distal subarticular tubercles not visible; toes without lateral dermal fringes; basal webbing between toes present; discs narrow, rounded and bearing well-defined rounded pads without circumferential grooves; toes not expanded distally, tip of toes rounded without papillae; relative length of toes is I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V (toe III surpasses the distal border of the second subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V reaches the proximal border of the second tubercle of toe IV). - + Figure 30. Live and preserved specimens of @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Live and preserved specimens of . Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, QCAZ 66082, adult male, SVL = 18.33 mm; C, D, QCAZ 66083, adult female, SVL = 19.40 mm; and E, F, QCAZ 66085, adult male, SVL = 18.16 mm. A, C, E, in life. B, D, F, in preservative. Scale bars are given only for preserved adults. - + Figure 31. Skull of @@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ holotype Colour of holotype in life (based on digital photographs) ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 ): The dorsal surface is dark brown, with a few scattered white and low tubercles, and covered by small orange dots that group in two conspicuous lateral lines (one on each side) from the arm insertion to the tip of the snout through the upper eyelids. Posteriorly, the dorsum bears two dark brown circular sacral lateral patches, with a few orange flecks and delineated by an orange line formed by the aggregation of the same orange dots, more densely grouped medially at the level of the sacrum. The dorsal surface of limbs is dark brown, covered with white and orange flecks; it bears a few irregular dark brown blotches delineated by aligned orange dots. Dorsal feet surface dark brown, covered by orange and yellowish brown flecks and with irregular dark brown blotches with yellowish brown borders formed by the alignment of the flecks. Laterally, a dark brown facial mask extends as a dark band from the tip of snout to near the groins. The facial mask bears irregular white marks and orange and yellowish brown flecks more conspicuous rostrally. The flecks form ill-defined bars in the upper lip, with white marks. Along its path, the mask is bordered dorsally by orange spots, longitudinally aligned. Groins are dark brown, uniformly covered by small orange dots and with some scattered white marks. Throat uniformly dark brown, darker than belly and limb ventral surfaces, with white scattered marks. Belly and limb ventral surfaces with dark brown flecks densely aggregated in many irregular patches alternated with yellowish brown irregular blotches, with fewer dark brown flecks. Posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown with orange flecks; flecks form an orange stripe in the upper cloacal region that extends over the thighs. @@ -406,13 +406,13 @@ The dorsal surface is dark brown, with a few scattered white and low tubercles, holotype in preservative ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 ): Dorsal surfaces dark brown, with darker sacral lateral circular patches surrounded by a poorly defined cream edge. Facial mask dark brown (darker than dorsal surface) to black extending from the tip of snout to near the groins, delimited dorsally by a thin cream line. Throat dark brown, belly and ventral surfaces of limbs with a mosaic of cream and dark brown blotches bearing dark brown flecks. Posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown, with a darker triangular blotch in the cloacal region limited on its upper side by a thin cream line. Variation ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 ): Vocal slits are present in adult males (e.g. @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ and Table 4 . - + Figure 32. Computed tomography scan images of the skeleton of @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ holotype , SVL = 19.53 mm, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. - + Figure 33. Computed tomography scan images of the hand and foot osteology of @@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ and Skull ( -Fig. 31 +Fig. 31 ): The skull is slightly wider than long; the widest section is at the quadratojugal–maxillary joint. The longest part of the skull, measured from the anterior face of the premaxilla to posterior border of the exoccipital, is 92.5% of its widest section. The rostrum is short, with a distance from the anterior edge of the frontoparietals to the anterior face of the premaxilla of ~32.2% of the skull length (measured from the anterior face of the premaxilla to posterior face of the exoccipital). At the level of the anterior edge of orbits, skull is ~62.2% of the maximum skull width and reaches ~88.5% of the maximum skull width at the level of midorbit. The posterior edge of orbits reaches 99.2% of the maximum skull width and is located posterior to it. @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ The skull is slightly wider than long; the widest section is at the quadratojuga Postcranium ( -Fig. 32 +Fig. 32 ): There are eight non-imbricate presacral vertebrae. The first presacral vertebra (cervical vertebra) is wider than posterior vertebrae and has no diapophyses. The cervical vertebra has a @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ I cotylar arrangement. The cervical cotyles receive the occipital condyles of th Manus and pes ( -Fig. 33 +Fig. 33 ): All phalanges are well ossified, with a phalangeal formula for the fingers and toes of 2-2-3-3 and 2-2-3-4-3, respectively. The increasing order of finger length is I <II <IV <III, and that of toes is I <II <III <V <IV. Distal phalanges of all toes and fingers are narrower distally, with the tip pointed. Bones of the carpus and metacarpus are completely ossified. @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ All phalanges are well ossified, with a phalangeal formula for the fingers and t Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): Urkuphryne merinoi @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ The U. merinoi clutch ( -Fig. 34A +Fig. 34A ) was collected in the daytime, among moss with a lot of humidity on a rock wall. It was next to an adult female, presumably its mother. We were unable to observe behaviours related to mating or fertilization. It had 12 eggs , with relatively transparent jelly coats. Out of @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ clutch ( 0.33 mm . Development of these four embryos was followed until TS13+, when the last embryo died. - + Figure 34. Early development of @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ The P. personinus couple was found and collected in amplexus and transported to the laboratory. The clutch was laid during transport; thus, we were not able to observe mating or fertilization behaviours. The nest was deposited in a terrarium in the laboratory with leaf litter ( -Fig. 34B +Fig. 34B ). It had two embryos and three unfertilized eggs. Unfertilized eggs had a diameter of 2.15 ± 0.01 mm . The remaining two embryos were at TS5 and had a total length of 2.97 ± diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE0C1CCC69091364965.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE0C1CCC69091364965.xml index 613516d7ef0..2c42cc725b1 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE0C1CCC69091364965.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE0C1CCC69091364965.xml @@ -1,211 +1,216 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - - - - - -Phyllonastes personinus + + + + + +Phyllonastes personinus Harvey, Almendáriz, Brito & Batallas, 2013 - - - + + + ( -Figs 26 +Figs 26 , -27 +27 ) - - + + Notes about external morphology ( -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 ): Comparing the original description of - -P. personinus + +P. personinus with the Kutuku and Sumaco populations, we found a wider morphological variation than previously documented: in the -type +type series, the dorsal skin was described as smooth with pustules, whereas in the Kutuku and Sumaco populations the dorsal skin is finely shagreened. Ventral skin was described as smooth, but in Kutuku it is areolate, and in Sumaco it is weakly areolate.The snout was described as rounded in dorsal view and subtruncate in lateral view; in Kutuku and Sumaco the snout is acuminate in both views. The inner tarsal tubercle is round in lateral view in the original description; however, it is conical in Kutuku and Sumaco. According to the original description, - -P. personinus + +P. personinus lacks supernumerary plantar tubercles, but the Sumaco population does have them. Finally, the characteristic dark mask of - -P. personinus + +P. personinus was described as short and extending only to the anterior third of the flank; in Kutuku, the mask extends to the groins. These morphological differences could indicate the existence of more than one species within - -P. personinus + +P. personinus (see ‘ -Remarks +Remarks ’ section). - - - + + + Distribution and natural history ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): -Phyllonastes personinus +Phyllonastes personinus was known only from the -type +type locality region ( -Ecuador +Ecuador , -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , Canton Morona, Sinaí Parish, Sardinayacu Lake Complex) between 1647 and -1916 m +1916 m a.s.l. ( - + Harvey -et al. +et al. 2013 ), the Sangay-Llanganates Ecological Corridor ( -Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad 2023 +Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad 2023 ), and the Cordillera del Cóndor mountain range ( - + Valencia -et al. +et al. 2023 ). The species had been reported only in primary rainforest in swampy, densely vegetated areas along the edge of lakes. In this study, we report four more Ecuadorian populations. First, -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , Canton Santiago de Méndez, San Francisco de Chinimbimi Parish, Kutuku mountain range and Contrafuerte de Tzunatza between 1355 and -1407 m +1407 m a.s.l. ( -Fig. 26B +Fig. 26B ; for the specimen list, see -Table S1 +Table S1 ). Most of these individuals were collected at night between 20:00 and 00:30 h in primary -terra firme +terra firme forest. They were found on the ground, on moss, or under logs or dry or wet leaf litter, and on bromeliads -15 cm +15 cm above the ground, often near creeks with small streams (1 or -2 m +2 m wide) of clear water. Individuals QCAZ 71452 and QCAZ 71453 were found amplexed on leaf litter on the ground. Three individuals (QCAZ 71454–56) were collected in secondary forest near grasslands on the ground on leaf litter and near small streams. One individual (QCAZ 71455) was collected in the afternoon ~15:40 h and was found on wet leaf litter on a creek slope. Second, -Napo Province +Napo Province , Pacto Sumaco, surroundings of Sumaco National Park, -1500 m +1500 m a.s.l. ( -Fig. 26C +Fig. 26C ; for the specimen list, see Supporting Information, -Table S1 +Table S1 ). Third, -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , Canton Morona, Sinai Parish, between 1345 and -1874 m +1874 m a.s.l. (for the specimen list, see Supporting Information, -Table S1 +Table S1 ). Specimens were collected in leaf litter or perching on leaves -5 cm +5 cm above the ground, at night between 19:00 and 23:40 h; -one specimen +one specimen (QCAZ 58820) was collected at 14:30 h. The collection localities were in primary forest, and some were near the Jurumbuno River, Volcan River, and Cormoran Lagoon. Fourth, -Pastaza Province +Pastaza Province , Canton Mera, Mera Parish, Llanganates National Park, Zarentza Community, between 1331 and -1419 m +1419 m a.s.l. (for the specimen list, see Supporting Information, -Table S1 +Table S1 ). Specimens were collected at night between 21:00 and 01:15 h, in leaf litter or perching on leaves -15–100 cm +15–100 cm above the ground in primary dryland forest near streams and small creeks. - - -Remarks: + + +Remarks: We report notable morphological differences between populations that could indicate the existence of one or two unnamed species within ‘ - -P. personinus + +P. personinus ’. One species would be in the Kutuku mountain range, -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , and the other in the Sumaco National Park, -Napo Province +Napo Province . This hypothesis is supported by relatively high uncorrected p-genetic distances for 16S (≤3.6%; Supporting Information, Table S7) and 12S (≤2.0%; Supporting Information, Table S9). diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE2C52FC49990A44C84.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE2C52FC49990A44C84.xml index dcd21aece8b..1e3323c86fb 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE2C52FC49990A44C84.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FF9AFFE2C52FC49990A44C84.xml @@ -1,83 +1,83 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -14832689 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ) @@ -188,17 +188,17 @@ and Remarks: Autapomorphies for this genus are the reduction of the distal expansion of the phalanges of fingers and toes ( -Figs 7D +Figs 7D , -8 +8 ), the absence of supernumerary plantar tubercles (Supporting Information, -Fig. S20 +Fig. S20 ), and protruding vomerine teeth (see ‘ Diagnosis ’). - + Figure 26. Live and preserved specimens of @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ differs from by having a shorter skull and a slightly broader maxilla, with a broader space between angulosplenials, thinner frontoparietals and larger orbital fossae (broader frontoparietals with smaller orbital fossae), bigger and more conspicuous premaxillary and maxillary teeth (premaxillary and maxillary teeth present but smaller), broader nasal bones almost in contact with the maxilla (nasal bones small, broadly separate from maxilla), vomers large and prominent, bearing protruding teeth (vomers reduced, broadly separated from each other, vomerine teeth absent), prominent medial ridges present on all presacral and sacral vertebrae (low medial ridges present only on presacral vertebrae), very prominent prepollex and prehallux (small prepollex and prehallux), and terminal phalanges rounded in fingers and toes (terminal phalanges expanded in fingers and toes). - + Figure 27. Skeletons of diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA1FFDEC1D4C04990904829.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA1FFDEC1D4C04990904829.xml index 3c27937b797..9a62ec29c55 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA1FFDEC1D4C04990904829.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA1FFDEC1D4C04990904829.xml @@ -1,83 +1,83 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -14832689 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - + @@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: Holotype ( -Figs 10 +Figs 10 , -11 +11 ): QCAZ 66090 @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ on Paratypes (N = 4; -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ): Same locality and collectors as holotype, @@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ Cutín de Hojarasca de Golondrinas. Definition ( -Figs 10 +Figs 10 , -11 +11 ; Tables 2 and @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ and . - + Figure 10. Live and preserved specimens of @@ -396,9 +396,9 @@ Live and preserved specimens of Description of the holotype ( -Figs 10 +Figs 10 , -11 +11 ): Adult male ( @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Adult male ( Body robust, head slightly wider than long, narrower than body; snout truncate in dorsal view, short and rounded in lateral profile, without rostral papilla; canthus rostralis straight in dorsal view; loreal region slightly concave; eyelids without tubercles; interorbital space flat, with no cranial crests; tympanic membrane and annulus distinct (more conspicuous in its anterior half), without supratympanic fold; postrictal tubercles absent; vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits present; and nuptial pads absent. Skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces weakly areolate; skin in cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle circular, larger than elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles well defined, round in ventral and lateral view; well-defined rounded supernumerary tubercles; broad dermal fringes on fingers, fingers not expanded distally, discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads, with an ill-defined circumferential groove; fingertips acuminate, without papillae; relative lengths of fingers is I <II <IV <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-2. - + Figure 11. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ and Colour of holotype in life (based on digital photographs) ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ): Dorsal surface light brown, with darker, scattered, and low tubercles and a darker hourglass-shaped blotch extending from the interorbital to the sacral region; circular dark brown sacral lateral patches well defined. Facial mask dark brown extending from the tip of snout to the midflank and delineated along its upper edge by a light brown line. Lips dark brown with irregular white flecks. Cloacal region dark brown surrounded by a paler stripe. Flanks light brown posteriorly and with the extension of the facial mask anteriorly. Upper arm dorsal surfaces yellowish brown, elbow and forearm light brown, becoming darker towards the hand. Dorsal surfaces of thighs and proximal half of shanks light brown; distal half of shanks and tarsus yellowish brown; dorsal surface of tarsus dark brown. Ventral surfaces of throat, chest, forearms, belly, and thighs dark brown (almost black) bearing irregular white flecks in greater quantity on the belly. Ventral surfaces of upper arms and distal half of shanks reddish brown. Distal half of shanks and heels bearing yellowish brown spots. @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ Dorsal surface light brown, with darker, scattered, and low tubercles and a dark Colour of holotype in preservative ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ): Dorsal surface from the scapular region to the tip of snout dark brown, bearing cream blotches that become smaller and less abundant towards the snout. Dorsum cream from the scapular region to the vent. Dorsal surfaces of forearms, hands, thighs, and feet dark brown. Dorsal upper arms and shanks cream. Ventral surfaces dark brown; upper arms and shanks cream. Belly and ventral surfaces of thighs bearing cream irregular blotches. Cloacal region dark brown with a medial cream longitudinal stripe. @@ -603,11 +603,11 @@ Dorsal surface from the scapular region to the tip of snout dark brown, bearing Variation ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ): In this section, traits refer to preserved individuals unless otherwise mentioned. Tympanic annulus can be differentiated beneath skin only anteriorly (e.g. QCAZ 66087) or be inconspicuous (i.e. QCAZ 66088–89); dorsal skin might be smooth (e.g. QCAZ 66087) or finely shagreen (e.g. QCAZ 66086); outer palmar tubercle can be elongate (e.g. QCAZ 66087). Snout is subacuminate in the only subadult male (QCAZ 66088). Dorsum might be completely dark brown (e.g. QCAZ 66087), dark brown bearing some cream blotches (e.g. QCAZ 66086), or cream with a dark brown snout (QCAZ 66088). Colour variation is shown in -Figure 10 +Figure 10 . Morphometric variation is detailed in Table 4 . @@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ In this section, traits refer to preserved individuals unless otherwise mentione Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): Phyllonastes cerrogolondrinas diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA3FFDBC2C1C3D3956F4D05.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA3FFDBC2C1C3D3956F4D05.xml index beefa5da38c..58894c36fb9 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA3FFDBC2C1C3D3956F4D05.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA3FFDBC2C1C3D3956F4D05.xml @@ -1,804 +1,809 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - - - - - - -Phyllonastes -Heyer, 1977 + + + + + + +Phyllonastes +Heyer, 1977 - - - + + + ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ) - - -Type species: - -Euparkerella myrmecoides -Lynch, 1976 + + +Type species: + +Euparkerella myrmecoides +Lynch, 1976 , by original designation. - - -Definition + + +Definition ( -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 -): +3 +): (1) Adult female average SVL < -17.5 mm +17.5 mm , adult male < -15.6 mm +15.6 mm , -Table 4 +Table 4 ; (2) head narrower than body, wide body; (3) tympanic annulus present; (4) cranial crest absent; (5) finger I <finger II; (6) distal phalanges of fingers and toes narrowly T-shaped; (7) knees and heels without tubercles; (8) presence of inner tarsal tubercle; (9) toes bearing circumferential grooves; (10) toe V <toe III; (11) foot phalangeal formula 2-2-3-4-3; (12) dark facial mask extending at least to the middle of the flanks, triangular cloacal blotch present; (13) frontoparietals longer than wide, narrower at the anterior end; (14) premaxillary and maxillary teeth present; (15) nasal bones small, separate from maxilla; (16) zygomatic branch of squamosal much shorter than otic branch; (17) vomers reduced, broadly separated from each other, vomerine teeth absent; (18) occipital condyles widely separated from each other; (19) medial ridges present at least on presacral vertebrae III–IV; (20) urostyle crest very prominent; (21) expanded to broadly expanded sacral diapophyses; and (22) small prepollex and prehallux present. - - -Table 3. + + +Table 3. General morphological characters of - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes and - -Urkuphryne + +Urkuphryne species. Finger and toe characters of - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes and - -Urkuphryne + +Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined.Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: -Boulenger (1898) +Boulenger (1898) , -Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) +Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) , -Parker (1926 +Parker (1926 , -1932 +1932 ), -Miranda-Ribeiro (1937) +Miranda-Ribeiro (1937) , -Cochran (1955) +Cochran (1955) , -Lutz (1958) +Lutz (1958) , -Griffiths (1959) +Griffiths (1959) , -Bokermann (1966) +Bokermann (1966) , -Heyer (1969) +Heyer (1969) , -Bokermann (1975) +Bokermann (1975) , -Lynch (1975 +Lynch (1975 , -1976 +1976 , -1986 +1986 ), -Heyer (1977) +Heyer (1977) , -De la Riva (1992 +De la Riva (1992 , -2007 +2007 ), -Köhler (2000) +Köhler (2000) , -Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001) +Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001) , -Caramaschi and Pombal (2006) +Caramaschi and Pombal (2006) , -Lehr (2006) +Lehr (2006) , - + Heinicke -et al. +et al. (2007) , - + De la Riva -et al +et al . (2008a , b, 2018), - + Hedges -et al. +et al. (2008) , -Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009) +Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009) , -Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a +Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a , b, 2010), - + Harvey -et al. +et al. (2013) , -De la Riva and Burrowes (2014) +De la Riva and Burrowes (2014) , - + Catenazzi -et al. +et al. (2015 , -2020 +2020 ), -Catenazzi and Ttito (2016 +Catenazzi and Ttito (2016 , -2018 +2018 , 2019), - + Mamani -et al. +et al. (2017) , - + Reyes-Puig -et al. +et al. (2019 , -2020 +2020 ); Santa Cruz -et al. +et al. (2019), - + Dubois -et al. +et al. (2021) , - + Motta -et al. +et al. (2021) , - + Reyes-Puig -et al. +et al. (2021) . - - - - - - - -Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis slightly convex in lateral view; loreal region straight in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing no tubercles. Tympanic annulus visible; tympanic membrane present; supratympanic fold absent; postrictal tubercle ill defined on right side (probably lost on left side as a preservation effect). Snout broadly rounded in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, without rostral papilla. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits present, and nuptial pads absent. -Skin on dorsum smooth and finely shagreen on flanks; dorsolateral folds absent; throat areolate, belly and ventral surface of limbs smooth; skin on cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold not differentiated, probably as a preservation artefact. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle almost twice the size of the thenar tubercle, drop-shaped, with the tip pointing towards the palm and the base towards the wrist; thenar tubercle rounded; subarticular tubercles round in ventral and lateral views, visible only at the base of fingers; supernumerary tubercles present, narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers, discs not expanded, bearing round and inconspicuous pads (conspicuous only on fingers III), circumferential groove not visible; acuminate fingertips, especially on the third finger, without papilla; relative length of fingers is I <IV <II <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3. -Hindlimbs not robust; heel and knee without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small, prominent, and round; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view; outer metatarsal tubercle well defined and round, more prominent than the inner one; plantar surface bearing rounded, small, and ill-defined supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles well defined and rounded; toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; basal webbing only between toes I and II; discs on toes well defined, expanded with acuminate tip, papilla on tip visible on toes III–V; well-defined circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V (toe III reaches the distal border of the second subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V almost reaches the proximal border of the second tubercle of toe IV). - - +Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis slightly convex in lateral view; loreal region straight in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing no tubercles. Tympanic annulus visible; tympanic membrane present; supratympanic fold absent; postrictal tubercle ill defined on right side (probably lost on left side as a preservation effect). Snout broadly rounded in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, without rostral papilla. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits present, and nuptial pads absent. +Skin on dorsum smooth and finely shagreen on flanks; dorsolateral folds absent; throat areolate, belly and ventral surface of limbs smooth; skin on cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold not differentiated, probably as a preservation artefact. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle almost twice the size of the thenar tubercle, drop-shaped, with the tip pointing towards the palm and the base towards the wrist; thenar tubercle rounded; subarticular tubercles round in ventral and lateral views, visible only at the base of fingers; supernumerary tubercles present, narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers, discs not expanded, bearing round and inconspicuous pads (conspicuous only on fingers III), circumferential groove not visible; acuminate fingertips, especially on the third finger, without papilla; relative length of fingers is I <IV <II <III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3. +Hindlimbs not robust; heel and knee without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small, prominent, and round; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view; outer metatarsal tubercle well defined and round, more prominent than the inner one; plantar surface bearing rounded, small, and ill-defined supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles well defined and rounded; toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; basal webbing only between toes I and II; discs on toes well defined, expanded with acuminate tip, papilla on tip visible on toes III–V; well-defined circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V (toe III reaches the distal border of the second subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V almost reaches the proximal border of the second tubercle of toe IV). + + Colour of -holotype +holotype in life: Unknown. - - + + Colour of -holotype +holotype in preservative ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 ): -Dorsum cream, darkening anteriorly, and bearing dark brown flecks. Back with +Dorsum cream, darkening anteriorly, and bearing dark brown flecks. Back with two chevrons of anterior vertex, poorly defined and dark brown. Dark brown irregular blotches at the level of the sacrum. Dorsal surfaces of limbs cream coloured, with some dark brown spots. The spots are condensed on the elbows and knees. Dark, poorly defined transverse bars on the dorsal surfaces of the limbs. Facial mask dark brown, extending from the tip of snout up to halfway down the flanks. Cream-coloured flanks with brown flecks. Cream ventral surfaces with small dark brown dots that condense towards the throat, making it appear uniformly dark brown. Ventral surfaces of the extremities cream coloured. Thighs and legs with small dark brown dots condensed towards the knees. Dark brown knees and heels. Cloacal region dark brown, much darker dorsally. - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs -• 33 - - -two chevrons of anterior vertex, poorly defined and dark brown. Dark brown irregular blotches at the level of the sacrum. Dorsal surfaces of limbs cream coloured, with some dark brown spots. The spots are condensed on the elbows and knees. Dark, poorly defined transverse bars on the dorsal surfaces of the limbs. Facial mask dark brown, extending from the tip of snout up to halfway down the flanks. Cream-coloured flanks with brown flecks. Cream ventral surfaces with small dark brown dots that condense towards the throat, making it appear uniformly dark brown. Ventral surfaces of the extremities cream coloured. Thighs and legs with small dark brown dots condensed towards the knees. Dark brown knees and heels. Cloacal region dark brown, much darker dorsally. - - + + Variation ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 ): In this section, traits refer to preserved individuals. Adult female (QCAZ 46352) is much larger (SVL = -14.49 mm +14.49 mm ). This specimen differs from the -holotype +holotype by having a tympanic annulus much more defined, in addition to the postrictal tubercles, dorsum finely shagreen, ventral surfaces weakly areolate, discoidal fold present and well defined, hindlimbs robust, basal webbing absent, paler throat, better-defined transverse bars on the extremities. Dorsal coloration in the subadult female (QCAZ 40181) is generally darker. Morphometric variation is detailed in -Table 4 +Table 4 . - - - + + + Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): -Phyllonastes macuma +Phyllonastes macuma is known only from the surroundings of Macuma, Wisiu from -650 to 1361 m +650 to 1361 m a.s.l., at the base of Cordillera de Kutuku. It was collected in Eastern Foothill Forest and Eastern Montane Forest. Owing to the lack of ecological and demographic information and uncertainty on its geographical range size, we assign - -P. macuma + +P. macuma to the Data Deficient IUCN Red List Category (based on -IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023 +IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023 ). - - -Etymology: + + +Etymology: The specific name - -macuma + +macuma is a toponym used in apposition, and it refers to the locality where the species is found. The word ‘macuma’ belongs to the Shuar native American language and refers to a Shuar woman.
-Species + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Species -Finger tip + +Finger tip -Finger expansion + +Finger expansion -Finger groove + +Finger groove -Papilla finger tip + +Papilla finger tip -Finger I <II + +Finger I <II -Supernumerary palmar tubercles + +Supernumerary palmar tubercles -Hand phalangeal formula + +Hand phalangeal formula -Toe tip + +Toe tip -Toe expansion + +Toe expansion -Toes groove + +Toes groove -Papilla toe tip + +Papilla toe tip -Toe V <III + +Toe V <III -Supernumerary plantar tubercles + +Supernumerary plantar tubercles
- -P. ecuadoriensis +
+ +P. ecuadoriensis AcuminateSExpAPPA2-2-3-2AcuminateExpPPPPAcuminateSExpAPPA2-2-3-2AcuminateExpPPPP
- -P. cerrogolondrinas +
+ +P. cerrogolondrinas AcuminateNExpPAPP2-2-3-2AcuminateSExpPAPPAcuminateNExpPAPP2-2-3-2AcuminateSExpPAPP
- -P.coloma +
+ +P.coloma AcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateNExpPAPAAcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateNExpPAPA
- -P. dicaprioi +
+ +P. dicaprioi AcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateExpPAPAAcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateExpPAPA
- -P.heyeri +
+ +P.heyeri RoundSExpAAPP2-2-3-3SubacuminateSExpPAPARoundSExpAAPP2-2-3-3SubacuminateSExpPAPA
- -P. plateadensis +
+ +P. plateadensis SubacuminateNExpPAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPPSubacuminateNExpPAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPP
- -P.lochites +
+ +P.lochites AcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-2AcuminateSExpPAPPAcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-2AcuminateSExpPAPP
- -P. macuma +
+ +P. macuma AcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateExpPPPPAcuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateExpPPPP
- -P.mindo +
+ +P.mindo RoundNExpAAPP2-2-3-3RoundSExpPAPARoundNExpAAPP2-2-3-3RoundSExpPAPA
- -P.myrmecoides +
+ +P.myrmecoides AcuminateExpAPPP2-2-3-2AcuminateExpPPPAAcuminateExpAPPP2-2-3-2AcuminateExpPPPA
- -P.naturetrekii +
+ +P.naturetrekii AcuminateNExpAAPA2-2-3-2AcuminateSExpPAPAAcuminateNExpAAPA2-2-3-2AcuminateSExpPAPA
- -P.personinus +
+ +P.personinus AcuminateNExpIAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPAAcuminateNExpIAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPA
- -P. sardinayacu +
+ +P. sardinayacu SubacuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPPSubacuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPP
- -P.worleyae +
+ +P.worleyae Subacuminate/ acuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPPSubacuminate/ acuminateNExpAAPP2-2-3-3AcuminateSExpPAPP
- -U. merinoi +
+ +U. merinoi Round to broadly roundedNExpAAPP2-2-3-3RoundNExpAAPARound to broadly roundedNExpAAPP2-2-3-3RoundNExpAAPA
- - + + Content (15 species): -Phyllonastes cerrogolondrinas +Phyllonastes cerrogolondrinas , - -Phyllonastes coloma + +Phyllonastes coloma ( -Guayasamin & Terán-Valdez, 2009 +Guayasamin & Terán-Valdez, 2009 ) -comb. nov. +comb. nov. , - -Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis + +Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis , - -Phyllonastes dicaprioi + +Phyllonastes dicaprioi , - -Phyllonastes heyeri -Lynch, 1986 + +Phyllonastes heyeri +Lynch, 1986 , - -Phyllonastes lynchi -Duellman, 1991 + +Phyllonastes lynchi +Duellman, 1991 , - -Phyllonastes lochites + +Phyllonastes lochites ( -Lynch, 1976 +Lynch, 1976 ) , - -Phyllonastes mindo + +Phyllonastes mindo ( - + Reyes-Puig -et al. +et al. , 2021 ) -comb. nov. +comb. nov. , - -Phyllonastes macuma + +Phyllonastes macuma , - -Phyllonastes myrmecoides + +Phyllonastes myrmecoides ( -Lynch, 1976 +Lynch, 1976 ) ; - -Phyllonastes naturetrekii + +Phyllonastes naturetrekii ( - + Reyes-Puig -et al. +et al. , 2019 ) -comb. nov. +comb. nov. , - -Phyllonastes personinus + +Phyllonastes personinus ( - + Harvey -et al. +et al. , 2013 ) -comb. nov. +comb. nov. , - -Phyllonastes plateadensis + +Phyllonastes plateadensis , - -Phyllonastes sardinayacu + +Phyllonastes sardinayacu , and - -Phyllonastes worleyae + +Phyllonastes worleyae ( - + Reyes-Puig -et al. +et al. , 2020 ) -comb. nov. +comb. nov. - - -Distribution: + + +Distribution: Pacific foothills and western slopes of the Andes of -Ecuador +Ecuador , in Western Foothill Forest and Western Montane Forest between 1100 and -2554 m +2554 m a.s.l.; on the western Amazon Basin, eastern Andean slopes of -Ecuador +Ecuador , in Eastern Montane Forest, Eastern Foothill Forest ≤ -2400 m +2400 m .a.s.l. in -Ecuador +Ecuador and Amazonian Tropical Rainforest from southeastern -Colombia +Colombia to northern and central -Peru +Peru , and northwestern -Brazil +Brazil , ≥ -90 m +90 m a.s.l. ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ). - - -Remarks: + + +Remarks: The specific epithet - -personina + +personina is replaced by the specific epithet - -personinus + +personinus to match the masculine gender of the genus - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes . Thus, - -Noblella personina + +Noblella personina becomes - -Phyllonastes personinus + +Phyllonastes personinus . In the new specific epithet, the root -person- +person- is maintained, and the diminutive suffix --ina +-ina is replaced by the Latin suffix - -us +us . We include - -P. lynchi + +P. lynchi in the genus - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes because it has the synapomorphies of the group: (1) absence of vomerine teeth; (2) subacuminate toe tips; (3) toes distally expanded; and (4) presence of circumferential grooves in toes ( -Duellman 1991 +Duellman 1991 ). Additionally, it presents characteristics more frequently found within the northern clade: (1) presence of tympanic membrane; and (2) presence of inner tarsal tubercle. In addition, its distribution range is closer to the northern clade ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ). It is ~ -218 km +218 km in a straight line from the confirmed record of - -P. lynchi + +P. lynchi to the nearest confirmed record of the northern clade ( - -P. heyeri + +P. heyeri ) and ~ -490 km +490 km to the nearest record of the southern clade ( - -N. duellmani + +N. duellmani ). diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC.xml index 44ba4d2cdd5..684bf60be95 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC.xml @@ -1,81 +1,81 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -14832689 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 @@ -233,13 +233,13 @@ Portik Holotype ( -Figs 12 +Figs 12 , -13 +13 , -14A +14A , -15A +15A ): QCAZ 57064 @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ on Paratypes (N = 4; -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ): All collected in @@ -372,13 +372,13 @@ Cutín de Hojarasca ecuatoriano. Definition ( -Figs 12 +Figs 12 , -13 +13 , -14A +14A , -15A +15A ; Tables 2 and @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ and . -
 + Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ Live and preserved specimens of , adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female. A, in life. B, C, in preservative. A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects. + Figure 13. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of @@ -524,9 +524,9 @@ Description of holotype ( -Figs 12 +Figs 12 , -13 +13 ): Adult female ( QCAZ 57064 @@ -540,12 +540,12 @@ Adult female ( Colour of holotype in life (based on digital photographs) ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ): Dorsum is light greyish orange, becoming more orange towards the cloacal region, bearing dark brown blotches fading posteriorly and a pair of dark sacral lateral patches that do not touch medially. Facial mask dark brown, almost black; the mask extends posteriorly on the flanks halfway to the hindlimb insertion; the dark facial pigment extends dorsally to the eyelid; posterior to the mask extension, flanks are medium brown with light flecking. Lips dark brown, with few irregular white flecks. Forearms are brown, with two pale bands on the left and 1.5 on the right. Dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs orange–brown, with dark brown transversal bars bordered by lighter colour. Throat uniformly dark brown, with an orange flecking anteriorly. Ventral surfaces of upper arms, thighs, and belly bright orange, with scattered dark brown flecks. Ventral surfaces of forearms and shanks dark brown, with small bright orange blotches. Cloacal region dark brown. - + Figure 14. Skulls of @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ QCAZ . + Figure 15. Skeletons of @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ QCAZ Colour of holotype in preservative ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ): Dorsal surfaces dark brown; dorsum bearing a pair of darker sacral lateral patches; limbs with darker transversal bars. Throat, ventral surfaces of forearms, shanks, and feet dark brown, bearing cream flecks densely grouped on the posterior half of shanks. Chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of upper arms and thighs cream, with faint dark brown flecks. Posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown. Cloacal region dark brown, almost black. @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ Dorsal surfaces dark brown; dorsum bearing a pair of darker sacral lateral patch Variation ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ): In this section, traits refer to preserved individuals unless otherwise mentioned. Tympanic annulus can be completely differentiated as in QCAZ 48916. The same specimen also presents an inconspicuous supratympanic fold (might be a preservation effect), dorsal surfaces dark brown, with white big irregular blotches in the lower back (might be only an effect of preservation of the individual), limbs without differentiated transversal bars, ventral surfaces of forearms, shanks, and posterior surfaces of thighs cream, bearing dark brown flecks densely grouped. @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ have the suprainguinal spots elongated (ZSFQ 346–48), two of them merging into Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA9FFD6C033C0EF96A54EBD.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA9FFD6C033C0EF96A54EBD.xml index cd61651d956..346fdc28b49 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA9FFD6C033C0EF96A54EBD.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFA9FFD6C033C0EF96A54EBD.xml @@ -1,83 +1,83 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -14832689 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - + @@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ Garzón-Santomaro Holotype ( -Figs 16 +Figs 16 , -17 +17 ): DHMECN 13729 @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ on Paratypes (N = 9; -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 ): All from @@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ Cutín de Hojarasca de DiCaprio. Definition ( -Figs 16 +Figs 16 , -17 +17 ; Tables 2 and @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ and . - + Figure 16. Preserved specimens of @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ Preserved specimens of , adult male, SVL = 10.7 mm; B, paratype DHMECN 13723, adult female, SVL = 12.84 mm; C, paratype DHMECN 13725, adult male, SVL = 12.85 mm; and D, paratype DHMECN 13730, adult female, SVL = 13.56 mm. + Figure 17. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of @@ -359,9 +359,9 @@ Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Description of holotype ( -Figs 16 +Figs 16 , -17 +17 ): Adult male ( @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ Similar to coloration in life but paler. Variation ( -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 ): Four specimens @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ have faint pale stripes along hindlegs (DHMECN 13724 and 13728). Midventral and Distribution, natural history, and conservation status ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ): Phyllonastes dicaprioi diff --git a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFACFFE8C01CC3BF90C44ECA.xml b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFACFFE8C01CC3BF90C44ECA.xml index cd72e68cfb0..9b906331427 100644 --- a/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFACFFE8C01CC3BF90C44ECA.xml +++ b/data/03/D5/87/03D58787FFACFFE8C01CC3BF90C44ECA.xml @@ -1,448 +1,447 @@ - - - -Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography + + + +Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography - - -Author + + +Author -Ortega, Jhael A. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Ortega, Jhael A. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. -Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador +Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. +Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Camper, Jeffrey D. -Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA +Camper, Jeffrey D. +Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Romero-Carvajal, Andrés -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Romero-Carvajal, Andrés +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Negrete, Leonardo -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +Negrete, Leonardo +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador - - -Author + + +Author -Ron, Santiago R. -Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador -santiago.r.ron@gmail.com +Ron, Santiago R. +Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador +santiago.r.ron@gmail.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-13 + +2025 + +2025-01-13 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 -0024-4082 -7-01-2184 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162 +0024-4082 +14832689 +7-01-2184 - - - - - -Phyllonastes macuma + + + + + +Phyllonastes macuma -sp.nov. +sp.nov. - - + + LSID: - + urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -B8D4C8B8-DED1-4475-8400- 482B0FBCB719 +B8D4C8B8-DED1-4475-8400- 482B0FBCB719 - - - - -Holotype + + + + +Holotype ( -Figs 14C +Figs 14C , -15C +15C , -18 +18 , -19 +19 ): -QCAZ 40180 +QCAZ 40180 (field no. -SC-PUCE 24877 +SC-PUCE 24877 ) adult male from -Ecuador +Ecuador , -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , -Canton Macas +Canton Macas , -Macuma Parish +Macuma Parish , -Cordillera del Kutuku +Cordillera del Kutuku , -Wisiu +Wisiu ( -2.0901°S +2.0901°S , -77.7661°W +77.7661°W ), - -1361 m + +1361 m a.s.l. Collected by -Octavio Jiménez Robles +Octavio Jiménez Robles on - -30 December 2008 + +30 December 2008 . - - - -Paratypes + + + +Paratypes (N = 2; -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 ): All from -Ecuador +Ecuador , -Morona Santiago Province +Morona Santiago Province , -Canton Macas +Canton Macas , -Macuma Parish +Macuma Parish , -Cordillera del Kutuku +Cordillera del Kutuku , -Wisiu +Wisiu : -QCAZ 40181 -subadult female +QCAZ 40181 +subadult female ( -2.1066°S +2.1066°S , -77.7627°W +77.7627°W ) - -955 m + +955 m a.s.l. , collected by -Octavio Jiménez Robles +Octavio Jiménez Robles on - -18 December 2008 + +18 December 2008 ; - -QCAZ 46352 -adult female + +QCAZ 46352 +adult female ( -2.1111°S +2.1111°S , -77.7391°W +77.7391°W ) - -650 m + +650 m a.s.l. , collected by -Ignacio de la Riva +Ignacio de la Riva and -Octavio Jiménez +Octavio Jiménez on - -7 December 2009 + +7 December 2009 . - - -Proposed standard English name: + + +Proposed standard English name: Macuma leaflitter frog. - -Proposed standard Spanish name: + +Proposed standard Spanish name: Cutín de Hojarasca de Macuma. - - -Definition + + +Definition ( -Figs 14C +Figs 14C , -15C +15C , -18 +18 , -19 +19 ; -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 -): +3 +): We assign the new species to the genus - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes based on its phylogenetic relationships. The new species is characterized by: (1) skin on dorsum smooth to finely shagreen, dorsolateral folds absent, ventral surfaces smooth to weakly areolate, discoidal fold present, skin on flanks finely shagreen; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present, supratympanic fold absent, postrictal tubercle ill defined; (3) snout broadly rounded in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view; (4) upper eyelid without tubercles, cranial crests absent; (5) vomerine teeth absent; (6) vocal slits present, nuptial pads absent; (7) fingers not expanded distally, finger tips acuminate, without papillae, finger I shorter than finger II, supernumerary tubercles present; (8) fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes, ill-defined pads lacking circumferential grooves; (9) distal phalanges blunt to T-shaped, phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3; (10) ulnar tubercles absent; (11) knees and heels without tubercles, outer edge of tarsus without tubercles, inner edge of tarsus bearing one rounded tubercle; (12) inner metatarsal tubercle elongate in ventral view and rounded in lateral view, bigger than rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; (13) toes expanded distally, with acuminate toe tips and bearing papillae, supernumerary tubercles ill defined, narrow lateral fringes on toes, toe basal webbing present between toes I and II, all toes bearing well-defined circumferential grooves, toe V shorter than toe III; (14) in preserved specimens, dorsum cream bearing dark brown flecks, back with two ill-defined chevrons of anterior vertex, dark brown blotches at the level of the sacrum, facial mask dark brown extending from the tip of snout up to halfway down the flanks, cream ventral surfaces; (15) SVL in adult males -11.92 mm +11.92 mm ( -N +N = 1) and in adult females -14.49 mm +14.49 mm ( -N +N = 1) ( -Table 4 +Table 4 ). - - - + + + Diagnosis: -Phyllonastes macuma +Phyllonastes macuma resembles its closest species, - -P. lochites + +P. lochites , - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides , and - -P. sardinayacu + +P. sardinayacu , by having a tympanic annulus, tympanic membrane, fingers not expanded, and acuminate toe tips. It differs from all of them by having broadly rounded snout in dorsal view (rounded in - -P. lochites + +P. lochites , truncate in - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ) and rounded inner tarsal tubercle (conical in - -P. lochites + +P. lochites and - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides , and subconical in - -P. sardinayacu + +P. sardinayacu ). It also differs from - -P. sardinayacu + +P. sardinayacu by having papillae on toe tips (absent in - -P.sardinayacu + +P.sardinayacu ). It differs from - -P.lochites + +P.lochites and - -P.myrmecoides + +P.myrmecoides by having three phalanges in finger IV (only two phalanges on finger IV in - -P. lochites + +P. lochites and - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ), vocal slits (absent in - -P. lochites + +P. lochites and - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ), supernumerary plantar tubercles (absent in - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ), and by the absence of papillae on fingertips (present in - -P. myrmecoides + +P. myrmecoides ). For a comparison with other - -Phyllonastes + +Phyllonastes species that are more phylogenetically distant, see -Tables 2 +Tables 2 and -3 +3 . - - - + + + Description of the -holotype +holotype ( -Figs 18 +Figs 18 , -19 +19 ): Adult male ( -QCAZ 40180 +QCAZ 40180 ). Measurements (in millimetres): SVL, 11.92; tibia length, 6.09; foot length, 5.08; head length, 3.64; head width, 4.20; eye diameter, 1.43; tympanum diameter, 0.73; interorbital distance, 1.67; upper eyelid width, 1.04; internarial distance, 1.59; eye–nostril distance, 0.89. - - -Figure 18. + + +Figure 18. Preserved specimens of - -Phyllonastes macuma + +Phyllonastes macuma . Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, holotype -QCAZ 40180 -, adult male, +QCAZ 40180 +, adult male, SVL = 11.92 mm; B, paratype QCAZ 46352, adult female, SVL = 14.49 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 40181, juvenile. Scale bars are given only for preserved adults. Paratype QCAZ 46352 has a missing shank and foot. -SVL = 11.92 mm; B, paratype QCAZ 46352, adult female, SVL = 14.49 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 40181, juvenile. Scale bars are given only for preserved adults. Paratype QCAZ 46352 has a missing shank and foot. - -Figure 19. + + +Figure 19. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of - -Phyllonastes macuma + +Phyllonastes macuma . Photographs of left hand and left foot of the holotype -QCAZ 40180 +QCAZ 40180 .