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b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535214FFD6FC93EAE1FA4DFD7D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a53b4c7edaa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535214FFD6FC93EAE1FA4DFD7D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Holothuroidea +de Blainville, 1834 + +- Indeterminant + + +[station numbers only] + + + + +NMV +F296860 +(4) [IN + + +2021 +V +04 + + +028] + +; + +NMV +F3308143 +(5) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +103] + +; + +NMV +F308150 +(1) + +, + +NMV +F308153 +(1) and + + +NMV +F308160 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +105] + +; + +NMV +F308187 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +115] + +; + +NMV +F308233 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +124] + +; + +NMV +F308250 +(2) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +131] + +; + +NMV +F308253 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +136] + +; + +NMV +F308256 +(3) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +141] + +; + +NMV +F308275 +(4) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +147] + +; + +NMV +F308289 +(1), [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +153] + +; + +NMV +F308302 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +157] + +; + +NMV +F308309 +(3) and + + +NMV +F308311 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +181] + +; + +NMV +F308314 +(1) and + + +NMV +F308315 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +183] + +; + +NMV +F308322 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +187] + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535227FFE5FF29EFE7FED9F9C0.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535227FFE5FF29EFE7FED9F9C0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7857bd82ff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535227FFE5FF29EFE7FED9F9C0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Holothuroidea +de +Blainville, 1834 + +- Indeterminant + + + +Appendix 1, +Table S1 + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F296860 +(4) [IN + + +2021 +V +04 + + +028] + +; + +NMV +F3308143 +(5) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +103] + +; + +NMV +F308150 +(1) + +, + +NMV +F308153 +(1) and + + +NMV +F308160 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +105] + +; + +NMV +F308187 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +115] + +; + +NMV +F308233 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +124] + +; + +NMV +F308250 +(2) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +131] + +; + +NMV +F308253 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +136] + +; + +NMV +F308256 +(3) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +141] + +; + +NMV +F308275 +(4) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +147] + +; + +NMV +F308289 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +153] + +; + +NMV +F308302 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +157] + +; + +NMV +F308309 +(3) and + + +NMV +F308311 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +181] + +; + +NMV +F308314 +(1) and + + +NMV +F308315 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +183] + +; + +NMV +F308322 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +187] + +. + + +Remarks. +Seventeen additional lots were too damaged or incomplete to determine confidently past +Holothuroidea +for this project. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535232FFF0FC93EAE6FACCF904.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535232FFF0FC93EAE6FACCF904.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ebd2292e1df --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535232FFF0FC93EAE6FACCF904.xml @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Bathyplotes +Östergren, 1896 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. (following +SolÍs-MarÍn, 2003 +). “ +Synallactidae +with 15–20 tentacles; mouth ventral, anus dorsal, subdorsal or nearly terminal. Skin rather thick. Body with sole-like ventral side, usually with marginal appendages; midventral ambulacrum naked or provided with a few tube feet; ventrolateral ambulacral with tube feet in a single row or more. Dorsally, papillae more or less distinctly in rows. Tube feet well developed ventrolaterally but are often lacking midventrally. Dorsal side with double row of papillae along each radius. Musculature in most cases undivided; genital organs in two tufts, located on both sides of mesentery. Calcareous ring weakly developed, sometimes completely absent. Ossicles: Tables with cross shaped disc and a spire built up of 4 rods, usually with several cross beams; “C” shaped bodies maybe present. Ossicles in tentacles, simple or branched rods, sometimes smooth, sometimes spiny.” + + +Remarks. +Cosmopolitan genus with 25 species accepted worldwide, five of which are currently known for +Australia +: + +Bathyplotes monoculus +, +B. moseleyi +, +B. natans +, +B punctatus +, + +and + +B. sulcatus +(ALA and WoRMS 2024) + +. + +Bathyplotes + +is closely related to + +Synallactes + +and can be difficult to distinguish based on external morphology. Distinguished by + +Bathyplotes + +having predominantly four-pillared tables ossicles, compared to the single-pillared ones seen in + +Synallactes + +. The + +Bathyplotes + +sequences included in the COI and 16S phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is paraphyletic and IOT samples exclusively comprise four of the main lineages within the clade (fig. S5). Interestingly, + +Synallactes +cf. +crucifera + +is highly supported as the sister lineage to the + +B. moseleyi + +and + +B. bongraini + +group, suggesting an in-depth revision of both genera and likely the family is needed. Specimens here showed similarities to + +B. moseleyi + +, + +B. natans + +, and + +B. sulcatus + +. We have identified tissuesampled specimens to sp. MoV. OTU level and kept others at genus level due to crossover between characters in our specimens and issues with clearly defined morphological and ossicle characters for the species within the genus. Twenty lots of + +Bathyplotes + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +1110–1991 m +, with 13 lots further identified to OTU species level as follows: + +Bathyplotes +sp. + +MoV. 7340 (4 lots), + +Bathyplotes +sp. + +MoV. 7341 (6 lots), + +Bathyplotes +sp. + +MoV. 7342 (3 lots). One further lot with both + +Bathyplotes + +and + +Synallactes + +-like characters is identified as +Synallactidae +sp. MoV. 7339 (1 lot). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535232FFF0FF36EFF1FB34FE2C.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535232FFF0FF36EFF1FB34FE2C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d54551fa7e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535232FFF0FF36EFF1FB34FE2C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Synallactidae +Ludwig, 1894 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. (adapted from +SolÍs-MarÍn, 2003 +and +Smirnov, 2012 +for +Miller et al., 2017 +erection of +Synallactida +). Body usually flattened, with a ventral sole with ambulacral feet, dorsal surface with papillae. Head of the stone canal usually in connection with the body wall, sometimes opening outwards through it. Respiratory trees well developed. Tentacular ampullae absent. No Cuvierian organs. Gonad in two tufts, lying to either side of mediodorsal mesentery. Radial muscle bands typically undivided. Stone canal attached to the body wall and sometimes open externally. Calcareous ring can be well-developed, reduced, or altogether absent. Ossicles: tables, rods, sometimes C-shaped bodies, very rarely buttons. + + +Remarks. +Cosmopolitan, often seen as an important epibenthic group in abyssal footage, but one of the least-studied deep-sea sea cucumbers ( +SolÍs-MarÍn, 2005 +). At the species level, the differences in morphological characters can be quite subtle, obscuring taxonomic distinctions ( +SolÍs-MarÍn, 2003 +), and many genera including “pygal-furrowed” groups were removed from this family when they were found to be polyphyletic ( +Miller et al., 2017 +). +Synallactidae +is widespread in Australian waters. Of the ten genera now currently accepted worldwide, three have been previously recorded for +Australia +: + +Bathyplotes +, +Paelopatides +, + +and + +Synallactes +. + +All three are reported here for the IOT material, along with the first record for + +Scotothuria + +. Family diagnosis (above) chiefly follows +SolÍs-MarÍn (2003) +but has been amended to include +Smirnov’s (2012) +summary of ossicle +types +, and gonad in two tufts only, following the removal of + +Mesothuria + +(one tuft) during the revision by +Miller et al. (2017) +. Future revision may still be required. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa8182ec957 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930.xml @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Scotothuria herringi +Hansen, 1978 + + + + + + + + + +Scotothuria herringi +Hansen, 1978: 34–37 + + +, figs 1–9.— + +Billett et al., 1985: 406–407 + +, fig. 5.— + +Miller and Pawson, 1990: 4 + +.— + +Gebruk et al, 2014: 169 + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308231 +* (1) [IN + +2022 V08 + +122] + +; + +NMV +F308338 +* (1), [IN + +2022 V08 + +196] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. + +Deep violet to almost black specimens, soft and gelatinous with few features remaining other than some partly fused and some free podia giving a shaggy appearance. Spongey when preserved, some lumps at one end of +NMV +F308338 +that may have been a damaged mouth, exposed gut, and flat longitudinal muscles. No additional external features observed in these specimens, but +type +description includes ~18 retractile dendritic tentacles and body surrounded by lateral brim of partially fused to wholly embedded podia, plus some minute posterior midventral tube feet. IOT specimens small and damaged, ~ +72 mm +long and +26 mm +wide ( +NMV +F308338 +, pre-preservation) to ~ +95 mm +long and +55 mm +wide ( +NMV +F308231 +, pre-preservation). The larger specimen shrank to ~ +60 mm +long on preservation. Dense with distinctive cross-like table ossicles with four arched arms and single tall central spire terminating in palm-tree or umbrella-like hood of downward projecting hooks, some apophyses with pointed tip projecting above this. Umbrella-like hooked structures sometimes also present at further intervals along spire or replaced by rings of reduced spines. Arms also have regularly spaced rings of spines. Apophyses and arms otherwise smooth. Ossicle arm width and spire height are variable (fig. 49c–h). Second +type +of ossicle very irregular rods, crosses, and Ys (typically ~90–130 +μm +long), covered by rings of spines and terminating in thickened spinous ends (fig. 49i, k, l). +One specimen +( +NMV +F308231 +) also has perforated plates, a feature not previously reported for this species. Considering the state of the specimens these might be contaminants, but the sample has at least five plates, of variable shape and size (~520–1000 +μm +wide). Shape, number, and size of perforations were also variable, and there were some weak initial indications of secondary layering (fig. 49j) + +. + + + +Figure 49. + +Scotothuria herringi +. + +a, b, shipboard images showing live colour and form, a, NMV F308321 (note specimen is purple under the ‘shaggy’ exterior), b, NMV F308338; ossicles: c–h, body wall cross-like table ossicles with hood of hooks, c–e, g, h, NMV F308231, f, NMV F308338; i, k, l, irregular spinous rods, crosses and Ys from body wall, i, l, NMV F308231, k, NMV F308231; j, perforated plate (contaminant?) with arrow pointing to hooked table ossicle for scale, NMV F308231; scale bars: a, b=1 cm, c–f, h, k, l= 100 +μm +, g, i=50 +μm +, j=500 +μm +. + + + +Remarks. +Specimens with few remaining external characters and distinguished almost entirely based on their distinctive ossicle form. While illustrations provided by +Hansen (1975) +and subsequent images provided by +Bohn (2006) +of + +Psychropotes semperiana +Théel, 1882 + +have a similar downward hook-shaped cap to their cross-like ossicles, + +P. semperiana + +ossicles are much more spinous and robust, and lack the curved arms and additional circles of hooks present in + +Scotothuria herringi +Hansen, 1978 + +, along with the additional irregular rods, crosses, and Ys noted above. + + +One specimen +( +NMV +F308338) was from a station with magnesium nodules, which may have led to its slightly darker colour, but both specimens were dark violet to black. Specimens were similar in size to the range given for the +types +for + +Scotothuria herringi +Hansen, 1978 + +, which were +55–85 mm +long pre-preservation, shrinking to +48–80 mm +after ( +Hansen, 1978 +). A larger specimen from a subsequent collection was +150 mm +pre-preservation, shrinking to +70 mm +after (Billet et al., 1985). + + +SolÍs-MarÍn (2003) +suggested that similarities with ossicles from + +Galatheathuria aspera +( +Théel, 1886a +) + +might indicate + +S. herringi + +is a juvenile of that species, but more taxonomic work is required. Billet et al. (1985) and +Miller and Pawson (1990) +note that + +Scotothuria herringi +Hansen, 1978 + +is a possible synonym of + +Dendrothuria similis +( +Koehler and Vaney, 1905 +) + +, but more material from the +type +localities would be required before any decision on synonymy. Because the distinct “umbrella-hook” apophyses were not described in + +D. similis + +, we have placed our specimens in + +S. herring + +for now, with ossicles being a perfect match for the +type +material and subsequent work by Billet et al. (1985). While no comparative genetic sequences for + +Scotothuria + +were available, the sequences for both + +Scotothuria + +examined in this study comprise a well-supported monophyly and form a clade with + +Paelopatides + +(fig. S5). + + +Figure 50a–j, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S5. + + +Distribution. +Eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. + + +Full bathymetric range. +1250–5414 m +(IOT +1874–5414 m +). + + + + +Type +locality. + +North Atlantic Ocean +(west of +Ireland +), collected at + +1250–1500 m + + + +(station depth + +5161 m + +) + +. + + + +This +species not previously recorded from +Australia +in +AFD +or ALA ( + +January 2024 + +) + +. + + +This IOT material represents a geographic and bathymetric range extension for the genus and species, previously with multiple records from the East Atlantic but only a single record from the Indian Ocean off +Kenya +at +1250–4980 m +( +Gebruk et al., 2014 +). + + +References. +AFD +(2024), ALA (2024), Billet et al. (1985), +Bohn (2006) +, +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Hansen (1978) +, +Koehler and Vaney (1905) +, +Miller and Pawson (1990) +, +SolÍs-MarÍn (2003) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523AFFF8FF36ED85FAD8FD18.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523AFFF8FF36ED85FAD8FD18.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4183e24f3f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523AFFF8FF36ED85FAD8FD18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Scotothuria +Hansen, 1978 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. (following +Hansen, 1978 +). “ +Synallactidae +with dendritic tentacles and with body surrounded by a continuous brim of partly fused podia. Calcareous deposits cross-shaped with arms ending in a cluster of spines and with a central apophysis ending in a hood of downward-bent hooks; spines otherwise arranged in regularly spaced rings along the length of the arms and the apophysis.” + + +Remarks +. Monotypic genus represented by + +Scotothuria herringi +, + +previously reported from the Atlantic Ocean and from the Indian Ocean off the coast of +Kenya +. Benthopelagic species typically found swimming above the seafloor by undulating their ventrolateral brim ( +Gebruk et al., 2014 +). Some specimens also found to carry parasitic nematodes in their coelom (Billet et al., 1985). Two lots of + +S. herringi + +were recorded from two stations on the IOT voyages at depths of +3431–5414 m +, representing the first records for the genus and species in Australian waters. Prior to these voyages there was only one record of this species being collected by benthic trawl, being most commonly collected in pelagic trawls from +20 to 3900 m +above the seafloor ( +Gebruk et al., 2014 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523EFFFCFC93EBB6FBD3FAD1.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523EFFFCFC93EBB6FBD3FAD1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..156c4fefe7c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53523EFFFCFC93EBB6FBD3FAD1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Paelopatides +Théel, 1886 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. (following +Martinez et al., 2019 +after +SolÍs-MarÍn, 2003 +) “Body more or less distinctly depressed, with a rather considerable rim surrounding the sides and the extremities. Tentacles 15–20, peltate, or sub digitate on margin of the crown. Mouth ventral. Anus dorsal or subdorsal. The tube feet form a double row along the odd ambulacrum, except on the anterior part where they are absent. The papillae form a simple row around the margin of the rim and are scattered along each of the two dorsal ambulacra as well. Interambulacra naked. Gonads on both sides of the dorsal mesentery. A rete mirabile is sometimes present. One or two Polian vesicles. Stone canals apparently lacking. No calcareous ring. Ossicles: Simple tri-radiate or quadri-radiate rods either smooth or spinous; with slightly branched tips; exceptionally deposits often entirely wanting.” + + +Remarks. +Typically large, purple, gelatinous group, with at least one species, + +Paelopatides retifer + +reported to swim ( +Miller and Pawson, 1990 +). Of the 21 currently accepted species of + +Paelopatides + +worldwide, four have previously been recorded for +Australia +: + +P. appendiculata +, +P. aspera + +(one record only), + +P. ovalis + +(one record only), and + +P. quadridens + +(WoRMS, ALA and NMV catalogue, 2024). Five lots of + +Paelopatides + +are recorded here from the IOT voyages at depths of +2000–3839 m +and further identified to OTU species level as follows: + +Paelopatides +sp. + +MoV. 7336 (2 lots), + +Paelopatides +sp. + +MoV. 7337 (3 lots). The COI sequence data indicates two well-supported + +Paelopatides + +lineages that form a clade with IOT + +Scotothuria herringi + +(fig. S5). There is 10.9% net genetic divergence between the two + +Paelopatides + +lineages. Within each + +Paelopatides + +lineage, the IOT samples are more closely related to each other than the GenBank sequences from specimens collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Only one IOT specimen was sequenced for 16S. This individual grouped with the same + +Paelopatides + +specimen from +California +, +USA +as it did in the COI phylogeny. Accurate identification can be difficult in the group due to ossicles often being absent or not diagnostically distinctive, and specimens not maintaining their form when preserved. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535240FF83FC93EF93FD02FA06.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535240FF83FC93EF93FD02FA06.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..06f12a249a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535240FF83FC93EF93FD02FA06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Pseudostichopus +Théel, 1886 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(amended from +O’Loughlin and Ahearn, 2005 +, for +Miller et al., 2017 +erection of +Pseudostichopodidae +). Characters of +Molpadiodemidae +(formerly pygal-furrowed +Synallactidae +): prominent appendages (tube feet, papillae) along the paired radii only; longitudinal muscles cylindrical, not flat, narrowly attached to the body wall; gonad tubules not branched, arising in series along the gonoduct, not from a common base; ossicles sometimes present in tube feet and papillae; tentacle ossicles predominantly unbranched rods, rarely rods with ends intertwining, and side branches fused to create mesh. + + +Remarks. +Cosmopolitan genus with 12 currently accepted species worldwide, four of those previously reported for +Australia +: + +Pseudostichopus hyalegerus +, +P. mollis +, +P. peripatus + +and + +P. spiculiferous +. + +Four lots of + +Pseudostichopus + +were recorded for the IOT material, identified here to genus level. + +Pseudostichopus + +and + +Molpadiodemas + +can have a very similar body form. Where tube feet or papillae are obvious on the paired radii this indicates + +Pseudostichopus + +, but if these are inconspicuous the only other simple diagnostic feature to split thegeneraiscylindricallongitudinalmusclesin + +Pseudostichopus + +(fig. 35d) compared to flattened and broadly attached ones in + +Molpadiodemas + +(fig. 34a, b). As with + +Molpadiodemas + +, ossicles being absent from the body wall and variable in other places make them difficult to use diagnostically without further work. Both sequenced + +Pseudostichopus + +from the IOT are genetically within the well-supported + +Pseudostichopus + +clade (fig. S4). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF81FF29E8E1FDB2FA84.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF81FF29E8E1FDB2FA84.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..444a9536dbf --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF81FF29E8E1FDB2FA84.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Deimatidae +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(following +Hansen, 1975 +sensu +Ekman, 1926 +). Ossicles varying from perforated plates and spatulated primary crosses to spatulated, or reduced and deformed rods. Wheels absent. Gonads consisting of few, sac-shaped tubules. + + +Remarks. +The +Deimatidae +are a deep-sea fauna, typically distinctive during surveys due to their clear elliptical to elongated shape, high back with long papillae and flattened base ringed by tube feet. This family comprises three currently accepted genera: + +Deima +Théel, 1879 + +, + +Oneirophanta +Théel, 1879 + +and + +Orphnurgus +Théel, 1879 + +, all previously known from +Australia +and represented in the IOT material. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF81FF29EE1FFA7DFEF1.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF81FF29EE1FFA7DFEF1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d39554daa54 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF81FF29EE1FFA7DFEF1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Deima +Théel, 1879 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +Hansen, 1975 +). Tentacles 18–20, retractile into the oral cavity; discs with rounded knobs on the margin. Circumoral papillae present. Ossicles perforated plates, consisting of one or several layers of meshwork. + + +Remarks. +The taxonomy for the cosmopolitan genus + +Deima + +has remained consistent since Hansen’s uniting of the previous six species into one ( + +Deima validum + +) represented as two subspecies, + +Deima validum validum +Théel, 1879 + +, found worldwide, and + +Deima validum pacificum +Ludwig, 1894 + +, known only from the Gulf of +Panama +in the eastern Pacific ( +Hansen, 1975 +). Six lots of + +Deima + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +1175–4990 m +, and further identified to: + +Deima validum validum + +(4 lots), and one new species + +Deima oloughlini +Mackenzie and Davey + +sp. nov. +(2 lots). The external morphology, clearly retractable tentacles, circumoral papillae and typically a wider oval shape are the easiest features to distinguish + +Deima + +from similar-looking animals ( + +Oneirophanta + +and + +Orphnurgus + +) in this family. The + +Deima + +samples sequenced form two well-supported genetic clades ( + +D. validum + +and + +D. oloughlini +Mackenzie and Davey + +sp. nov. +) which are separated by net pairwise distances of 12.7% for COI and 3.8% for 16S (fig. S5). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF8FFC8BEA2BFE05FB2F.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF8FFC8BEA2BFE05FB2F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..201b92d3156 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535243FF8FFC8BEA2BFE05FB2F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Deima validum validum +Théel, 1879 + + + + + + + + + +Deima validum +Théel, 1879: 5 + + +, figs 36–38.— + +Théel,1882: 68–70 + +, pls. 18, 19, 31: 4–9, 36: 4, 37: 8, 43: 7, 44: 13, 46: 5.—Sluiter, 1901: 60.— + +Rowe et al., 2017: 480 + +, fig. 11.18b. + + + + + +Deima validum validum +Théel. + +— + +Hansen, 1967: 488–490 + +, fig. 5.— + +Hansen, 1975: 17–23 + +, figs 1: 1–4, 6, 7, 109, pl. 11: 1.— + +Rogacheva et al., 2013: 595 + +, fig. 18e.— + +Gebruk et al. 2014: 165 + +.— +O’Hara et al., 2020 +: add. file 1: sup. table S1 (list). + + + + + + +Deima fastosum +Théel, 1879: 5–6 + + +, figs 1–3.— + +Théel, 1882: 71–73 + +, pls. 20, 21: 1, 31: 10–13, 35: 7–10, 36:7, 37: 3, 43: 2, 3, 5, 46: 8. + + + + + + +Deima blakei +Théel, 1886b: 1–2 + + +, figs 1, 2.— + +Koehler and Vaney, 1905: 55–57 + +, pl. 11: 13–15.— + +Hérouard, 1923: 40–41 + +, pls. 5: 7, 6: 5.— + +Deichmann, 1930: 115–116 + +, pls. 10: 7–11, 11: 1–3.— + +Deichmann, 1940: 198–199 + +. + + + + + + +Deima atlanticum +Hérouard, 1898: 88–89 + + +, figs 1, 2.— + +Hérouard, 1902: 32–35 + +, pls. 3: 3, 4: 18, 5: 1–5, 8: 26–29.— + +Grieg, 1921: 4 + +, pl. 1: 2, 3. + + + + +Deima mosaicum +Ohshima, 1915: 233–234 + +.—Ohshima, 1916– 1919, with 2 figures. + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308224 +* (1) and + + +NMV +F308232 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +122] + +; + +NMV +F308279 +(1) and + + +NMV +F308280 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +151] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Specimens typically pink to white, or white to grey once preserved. Body elliptical to oval, strongly convex dorsally (almost egg-shaped) and flattened ventrally, with a ratio of length to width ~5:3. Specimens up to +90 mm +long and +55 mm +wide ( +NMV +F308279, fig. 36c, d). Long, non-retractile (but often brittle or broken) papillae, in series along each dorsal radii (~4 pairs visible, others broken) and in ventrolateral series above tube feet (~7 pairs). Anus ventral, almost terminal. Mouth ventral, with retractable tentacles terminating in soft discs, sometimes curled into a cup shape or with rounded or digit-like processes visible. Circumoral papillae present but can be minute or hard to detect. Eleven (9–11) pairs of ventrolateral tube feet in single series along each side, smaller at posterior. Some also include smaller post-anal pair (e.g. +NMV +F308224, +NMV +F308280). No midventral tube feet or pre-anal tube feet observed. Ossicles consist of mostly large, often multilayered perforated plates (fig. 36e–h), dorsal up to +4.2 mm +, ventral up to +1.5 mm +, giving a crunchy texture, plus some smaller variable ossicles including dichotomously branching cross-like rods. Two damaged specimens ( +NMV +F308232 and +NMV +F308280) had very broken and imbricating plates visible to the eye. + + +Remarks. +Hansen’s (1975) +redescription for + +Deima validum validum +Théel, 1879 + +noted multilayered plates, 10–13 pairs of ventrolateral tube feet, rare pre-anal tube feet, and 3–7 pairs of lateral papillae, all matching the features of IOT specimens. The description included more dorsal papillae (5–10 pairs) than what was seen for IOT specimens, though he noted that these were more variable ( +Hansen, 1975 +). All IOT specimens have many multilayered perforated plates identical to the +Challenger +illustrations from the original +type +specimens of + +D. validum + +( +Théel, 1879 +, pl. 31, figs 4–9), which, along with fewer dorsal papillae, distinguished them from the only other subspecies in this genus – + +D. validum pacificum +Ludwig, 1894 + +. They are also clearly differentiated from the two + +Deima + +found only at shallower IOT stations less than +2000 m +and described below ( +NMV +F308242 and +NMV +F308216). Presence of fewer papillae dorsally along with post-anal tube feet but no pre-anal tube feet in some IOT specimens indicates that our material differs from + +D. validum validum +Théel, 1879 + +sensu stricto +, but we keep it here for now based on the presence of mostly multilayered plates identical to those illustrated in the +type +material ( +Théel, 1879 +). + + + +Figure 36. + +Deima validum validum +. + +a–d, shipboard images showing dorsal and ventral appendages and high domed shape, a, b, NMV F308224, c, d, NMV F308279; ossicles: e–h typical multilayered perforated plates of anterior dorsal body wall, NMV F308279; scale bars: a–d=1 cm, e, g=1 mm, f=200 +μm +, h=300 +μm +. + + + +Distribution. +Worldwide (though absent from many areas). + + +Full bathymetric range. +724–4990 m +(IOT +3053–4990 m +). + + + + +Type +locality + +(as + +D. validum + +). + +Mid +North Pacific Ocean + +, + +3749 m + + +. + + +Subspecies not recorded for +Australia +in +AFD +or ALA ( +January 2024 +), but + +D. validum + +is recorded in both and many species-level records were further identified to subspecies on the +NMV +catalogue ( +O’Loughlin, 1998 +) and published identification lists ( +O’Hara et al., 2020 +), making the current Australian range +1250–4990 m +and slightly extending the worldwide depth range, previously +724–4820 m +in +Gebruk et al. (2014) +. In +Australia +this subspecies is now known from Lord Howe Rise, from the eastern abyss off Nowra NSW to just north of +Tasmania +, from the Great Australian Bight in +South Australia +and from the Australian IOT. + + +References. +ALA and +AFD +(2024), +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Hansen (1975) +, +O’Hara et al. (2020) +, O’Loughlin in +NMV +Catalogue (1998), +Théel (1879) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535245FF87FF29EA0CFE66F8CC.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535245FF87FF29EA0CFE66F8CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..32302819157 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535245FF87FF29EA0CFE66F8CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Molpadiodemas +Heding, 1935 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(following +O’Loughlin and Ahearn, 2005 +, amended for +Miller et al., 2017 +erection of +Molpadiodemidae +). Cylindrical body with rounded terminal ends; pygal-furrowed; body surface covered in small discrete tube feet; large prominent tube feet and papillae absent from the paired radii; longitudinal muscles undivided and sit flat against the inner body wall, not cylindrical, broadly attached to the inner body wall; gonad tubules branch out from a common gonoduct base, not in series along the gonoduct; ossicles not found in body wall or tube feet; branched rod ossicles can be present in tentacles, frequently with ends intertwining and side branches fused to create mesh. + + +Remarks. +Cosmopolitan genus with a large depth range of +103– 7086 m +( +O’Loughlin and Ahearn, 2005 +). Sixteen species currently accepted worldwide, with only two previously known from +Australia +: + +Molpadiodemas crinitus + +and + +M. involutus +. + +Others are known from Australian Antarctic waters (AFD, ALA and WoRMS, 2024). The group has traditionally been difficult to split from other pygal-furrowed genera such as + +Pseudostichopus + +due to similar external morphology and the lack of truly diagnostic ossicles, with no ossicles in the body wall or tube feet, and those existing in tentacles and gonads being highly variable. The clearest distinguishing feature is flat, broadly attached longitudinal muscles for + +Molpadiodemas + +, compared to rounded muscles for + +Pseudostichopus + +. +O’Loughlin and Ahearn’s (2005) +review remains the most comprehensive resource for morphological features, but we found that our species did not fall cleanly into their key as described. Here we report +30 specimen +lots of + +Molpadiodemas + +from the IOT, with seven lots further diagnosed with genetic support to OTU level as follows: + +Molpadiodemas +sp. + +MoV. 7329 (3 lots), + +Molpadiodemas +sp. + +MoV. 7334 (3 lots), + +Molpadiodemas +sp. + +MoV. 7335 (1 lot). Molecular data confirms the monophyly of + +Molpadiodemas + +, but at the time of this study molecular data is only publicly available for four of the 16 currently accepted species. Within + +Molpadiodemas + +, our new sequence data forms three distinct lineages. The first lineage, represented here as + +Molpadiodemas +sp. + +MoV. 7334, contains previously published sequences from + +M. crinitus + +(only available for COI), + +M. morbillus + +(only available for COI), + +M. involutus + +(COI and 16S), + +and +M. villosus + +(only available for 16S). The second lineage, represented here as + +Molpadiodemas +sp. + +MoV. 7335 has only a single individual (NMV F296882) from genetically sampled material, and while differing in some internal characters, is superficially like specimens from the third lineage, represented here as + +Molpadiodemas +sp. + +MoV. 7329 and comprising only IOT samples. While our data increases the available genetic information significantly, more sequencing is needed to assess whether these new lineages correspond to previously described species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535248FF8AFF36E8F2FC38FA47.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535248FF8AFF36E8F2FC38FA47.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2879c78c06c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535248FF8AFF36E8F2FC38FA47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Oneirophanta mutabilis mutabilis +Théel, 1879 + + + + + +Figure 38a–j, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S5 + + + + + + +Oneirophanta mutabilis +Théel, 1879: 6–7 + + +, figs 4–6; + +Théel, 1882: 62–68 + +, pls. 21: 2, 22, 31: 1–3, 36: 1, 2, 8–11, 37: 4, 13, 38: 11, 12, 40: 1–3, 41: 1, 2, 4, 42: 9, 43: 1, 6, 45, 46: 6, 7.— + +Perrier, 1902: 374–380 + +, pl. 18: 10–15.— + +Clark, 1913: 232 + +.— + +Grieg, 1921: 5 + +, pl. 2: 1, 2.— + +Hérouard, 1923: 39–40 + +, pls. 4: 10, 5: 3, 4.— + +Ekman, 1927: 364–366 + +, figs 1, 2.— + +Agatep, 1967: 63–65 + +, pl. 10: 1–7.— + +Rowe et al., 2017: 480 + +. + + + + + +Oneirophanta mutabilis mutabilis + +— + +Hansen, 1967: 485–488 + +, figs 3, 4.— + +Hansen, 1975: 24–32 + +, figs 2–6.— + +Gebruk et al., 2014: 165 + +.— +O’Hara et al., 2020 +: add. file 1: sup. table S1 (list). + + + + + + +Oneirophanta alternata +Perrier, 1900: 117–118 + + +.— + +Perrier, 1902: 380–386 + +, pls. 14: 3, 4, 18: 16–22. + + + + + + +Oneirophanta alternata +var. +talismani +Perrier, 1902: 386–388 + + +, fig. 6. + + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F296855 +* (2) and + + +NMV +F296858 +* (1) [IN + +2021 V04 + +028] + +; + +NMV +F308159 +(2) [IN + +2022 V08 + +105] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Body robust, elongated, roughly cylindrical. Preserved specimens from IOT are large, up to ~ +24 cm +long, +4.5 cm +wide and +4.5 cm +high ( +NMV +F296855, largest specimen, preserved). Strongly raised dorsally, flattened ventrally, and rounded to almost square at anterior and posterior ends. Colour orange to pink or white with darker brown or orange tips to tentacles and tube feet, but specimens white when preserved. Body wall firm, skin thick. Dorsal surface crowded with long ( +2.3–11.2 cm +long), tapered, non-retractile papillae, making the body wall hard to see. Conspicuous, large (e.g. +3 cm +long and +1 cm +wide) ventrolateral tube feet in single to paired zigzag series along each side, rare smaller midventral tube feet. Anus terminal, ventral. Mouth terminal, ventral, with 15–20 feeding tentacles that never fully retract. Tentacle disc margins with rounded digit-like knobs but not ramified (branching) processes. Ossicles include perforated plates in various stages of development and variably branching rods and crosses, more concentrated in appendages. Perforated plates single layered with larger perforations at the centre and smaller towards the edge, sometimes with small vertical spines and rudimentary mesh forming, sometimes imbricating but not multilayered. As an ossicle size example for the larger IOT specimen +NMVF +296855 noted above, plate diameter ~ +0.45–0.7 mm +(dorsal), ~ +0.48–1.5 mm +(ventral), +0.6–1.1 mm +(papillae) and branching rods up to ~ +0.4 mm +(tentacle) and ~ +0.46 mm +(tube foot). + + +Remarks. +Specimens here key morphologically to + +Oneirophanta mutabilis mutabilis + +using Hansen’s + +Galathea Report + +and descriptions, though he mentions ossicle plates with smaller vertical spines but never a secondary layer of meshwork ( +Hansen, 1975 +). We note some very rudimentary mesh here, though agree there is no true multilayering. The original +type +description ( +Théel, 1879 +) also noted that plates can be crowded or imbricating. One smaller specimen ( +NMV +F308159) had less typical rods and crosses, though plates were still present. Distinguished from + +Oneirophanta conservata +Koehler and Vaney, 1905 + +by fewer ventrolateral tube feet but more ventrolateral papillae. Distinguished from + +O. setigera + +by the presence of perforated plate ossicles.Tentacles have clear marginal knobs, distinguishing them from + +O. mutabilis affinis + +. Both sequenced IOT + +O.mutabilis mutabilis + +samples form a highly supported clade within the COI phylogeny, with no previous + +O. mutabilis mutabilis + +available for comparison (fig. S5). + + +Distribution. +Largely cosmopolitan. + + +Full bathymetric range. +1006–6000 m +(IOT +2298–2850 m +). + + + + +Type +locality + +(as + +O. mutabilis + +). +Southern Indian Ocean +(southeast of +South Africa +), + +2515 m + + +. + + +Subspecies not recorded for +Australia +in +AFD +or ALA ( +January 2024 +), but many + +O. mutabilis + +records were further identified to subspecies + +O. mutabilis mutabilis + +in the +NMV +catalogue, making the Australian range +1006–3853 m +and extending the shallow limits of the previous known depth range ( +2515–6000 m +). In +Australia +this species is now known from off the eastern coast (north-east +Tasmania +to the Coral Sea in +Queensland +), the Great Australian Bight in +South Australia +, and the Australian IOT. + + +References. +ALA and +AFD +(2024), Bribiesca et al. (2022), +Byrne and O’Hara (2017) +, +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Hansen (1975) +, +O’Loughlin (1998) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53524BFF89FC8BE894FB89F8CC.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53524BFF89FC8BE894FB89F8CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..792b50bdeb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53524BFF89FC8BE894FB89F8CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Orphnurgus +Théel, 1879 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +Thandar, 1992 +). + +“Tentacles 15–20, non-retractile, discs with ramified processes. Circumoral papillae absent. Spicules spatulated crosses and/or rods of greatly varying shape, either spatulate, spindle-shaped, smooth with dichotomous ramifications, or spinous, often a combination of +two types +.” + + + +Remarks. +Another charismatic deep-sea megafauna, with IOT samples typically elongated and pink or orange (in life) with prominent papillae and tube feet. The conspicuous dorsal papillae are likely used for respiration ( +Rowe et al., 2017 +). Of the nine species known worldwide for this genus, only two have been previously recorded for +Australia +: + +Orphnurgus glaber + +from off the north-west coast, and + +O. insignis + +from off the eastern coast, from +New South Wales +and the Lord Howe Plateau in the Tasman Sea (WoRMS and ALA, 2024). Thirtysix lots of + +Orphnurgus + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +1019–2435 m +, with lots further identified to OTU species level as follows: + +O. glaber + +(13 lots), + +O. insignis + +(17 lots), + +Orphnurgus +sp. + +MoV. 7318 (5 lots), and + +Orphnurgus +sp. + +MoV. 7332 (1 lot). Distinguished from + +Deima + +by unretractable tentacles, absence of circumoral papillae, and a typically elongate (rather than oval) body. Distinguished externally from + +Oneirophanta + +by tentacle disc margins (which are ramified/ branching in + +Orphnurgus + +but only knobbed in + +Oneirophanta + +) but more easily by ossicles, which are transformed rods in + +Orphnurgus + +compared to perforated plates in most + +Oneirophanta + +. + +Orphnurgus glaber + +is potentially a species complex ( +Rowe et al., 2017 +). The sequenced + +Orphnurgus + +from the IOT form three well-supported lineages (fig. S5). For both the COI and 16S genealogies, + +O. glaber + +and + +Orphnurgus +sp. + +MoV. 7318 are sister lineages. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53524FFF8AFC8BEFF0FDEBFCDF.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53524FFF8AFC8BEFF0FDEBFCDF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..acecfbfe687 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53524FFF8AFC8BEFF0FDEBFCDF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Oneirophanta +Théel, 1879 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. (amended from +Hansen, 1975 +). Tentacles 15–20, unretractile; discs usually with rounded knobs on the margin but never with ramified processes. Circumoral papillae absent. Ossicles spatulated crosses or perforated, one-layered plates; spatulated rods typically present in the papillae. + + +Remarks. +Bioturbation has been studied in this group, which includes at least one “conveyor belt” species ( + +Oneirophanta mutabilis + +) known to eat and excrete continuously ( +Moore and Roberts, 1994 +). It has also been suggested that brood-protection of young occurs in this species ( +Hansen, 1975 +). There are three currently accepted species and two subspecies: + +Oneirophanta conservata + +, + +O. mutabilis + +(with subspecies + +O. mutabilis affinis + +and + +O. mutabilis mutabilis + +), and + +O. setigera +(WoRMS, 2024) + +. The geographic subspecies division of + +O. mutabilis + +has remained since proposed by +Hansen (1967) +, but +Rowe et al. (2017) +note that the divergence in life history strategies reported by +Hansen (1968 +, +1975 +) warrant potential treatment at species level. Only + +O. mutabilis mutabilis + +(as + +O. mutabilis + +) has been previously reported from off the southern and eastern coasts of +Australia +(ALA, 2024). Six lots of + +Oneirophanta + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +1175–5414 m +, all further identified to OTU species level as follows: + +O. mutabilis mutabilis + +(3 lots), + +Oneirophanta +sp. + +MoV. 7331 (1 lot), and + +Oneirophanta +sp. + +MoV. 7333 (2 lots). Morphologically, + +Oneirophanta + +is distinguished from + +Deima + +by unretractable tentacles, absence of circumoral papillae, and a typically elongate (rather than oval) body. Easily mistaken for + +Orphnurgus glaber + +, which can also be elongated and orange/ pink with crowded dorsal papillae and large tube feet. As papillae and tube feet arrangement and number are variable across these groups, it is best to separate externally from + +Orphnurgus + +by tentacle disc margins (which are ramified/ branching in + +Orphnurgus + +but typically knobbed in + +Oneirophanta + +adult forms) but more accurate to use the dominant ossicle +types +, which are transformed rods in + +Orphnurgus + +compared to perforated plates or spatulated crosses in + +Oneirophanta + +. The genus diagnosis from Hansen above was amended to account for spatulated rods being rare or absent in some specimens, as noted in many of his own observations ( +Hansen, 1975 +). While + +Oneirophanta + +is genetically monophyletic, the relationships between the IOT + +Oneirophanta + +samples are incongruent between the COI and 16S datasets (fig. S5). In the former, + +Oneirophanta +sp. + +MoV. 7331 is sister to + +O. mutabilis mutabilis + +and + +Oneirophanta +sp. + +MoV. 7333 is basal to that group. For the latter gene, the relationship between species is unresolved. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535250FF92FF36E82BFDDAF9E4.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535250FF92FF36E82BFDDAF9E4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2f6ab8455b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535250FF92FF36E82BFDDAF9E4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Mesothuriidae +Smirnov, 2012 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +Smirnov, 2012 +and amended for +Miller et al., 2017 +erection of +Holothuriida +). Body elongated, rounded, or flattened. Tube feet present along entire ventral side (genus + +Mesothuria + +) or only along ventral ambulacra (genus + +Zygothuria + +). Papillae virtually evenly spread on dorsal surface. Twenty (13– 22) tentacles with no free-hanging tentacle ampullae present. Stone canal attached to the body wall without penetrating it. Rete mirabile not developed. Radial muscle bands undivided. Gonads in a single tuft of tubules to the left of the mediodorsal mesentery. Calcareous ring well developed. Table ossicles with large, laced disc perforated with large holes, and spire composed of three or four pillars surrounding the central hole. + + +Figure 23a–n, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S2 + + +Remarks. +This family exhibits primarily table-shaped ossicles and gonads in a single tuft. The only two accepted genera worldwide, + +Mesothuria + +and + +Zygothuria + +, are distinguished in external morphology by tube foot arrangement, body form, structure of calcareous ring and ossicles ( +Gebruk et al., 2012 +). Both genera have been reported widely from +Australia +at depths of +373–4250 m +(AFD and ALA, 2024), and are again represented here in IOT material. +Miller et al. (2017) +maintained the +Smirnov (2012) +erection of +Mesothuriidae +, moving it from its former position in Aspidochirotida to their new order +Holothuriida +. See +Smirnov (2012) +for further comments on distinguishing traits between families. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535250FF92FF36ED3FFB75FCDA.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535250FF92FF36ED3FFB75FCDA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..eadb1ce2007 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535250FF92FF36ED3FFB75FCDA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Mesothuria +Ludwig, 1894 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +Gebruk et al., 2012 +). Body nearly cylindrical, slightly tapered toward both ends, without marginal fringe. Ventral side somewhat flattened; dorsal side uniformly covered with small pedicles of small and equal size, or much smaller dorsally, where they can be hardly visible. Tube feet with sucking disks scattered over entire body. Usually 20 tentacles, very occasionally 18–22. No tentacle ampullae; stone canal attached to body wall without penetrating it. Mouth terminal, anus ventral or subventral. Calcareous ring with rectangular radial segments. Gonads only on left side of dorsal mesentery, in single tuft. Ossicles of body wall quadri-radiate or tri-radiate tables with central primary cross elevated from disk. + + +Remarks. +Cosmopolitan genus with 26 species worldwide, 11 of which have been reported previously for +Australia +: + +Mesothuria abbreviata + +, + +M. bifurcata + +, + +M. carnosa +, +M. lactea +, +M. marginata +, +M. murrayi +, +M. norfolkensis +, +M. parva +, +M. regularia +, +M. sufflava +and +M. verrrilli + +(WoRMS and ALA +January 2024 +). Two new species for +Australia +are recorded here: + +M. cathedralis +, + +and + +M. gargantua +. + +Twenty-four lots of + +Mesothuria + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +754–3345 m +, with all further identified to OTU species level as follows: + +M. cathedralis + +(2 lots), + +M. gargantua + +(19 lots), and + +M. murrayi + +(3 lots). Distinguished from + +Zygothuria + +by semicylindrical body shape, full covering of papillae and typically quadri-radiate compared to tri-radiate table ossicles. In both the COI and 16S datasets (fig. S2), + +Mesothuria + +is paraphyletic with + +M. cathedralis + +, + +M. gargantua + +, and + +M. oktaknemus + +forming a well-supported monophyly and + +M. murrayi + +in a separate clade. For COI, + +M. murrayi + +and + +Holothuria hilla + +form a single, well-supported lineage but the 16S phylogeny supports + +M. murrayi + +as monophyletic. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535254FF94FC93E8D1FF07F939.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535254FF94FC93E8D1FF07F939.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..57d8e0e080d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535254FF94FC93E8D1FF07F939.xml @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Psychropotes longicauda +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + + + + +Psychropotes longicauda +Théel, 1882: 96–98 + + +, pls. 27: 1, 28, 35: 13–17, 37: 10. +— +Hansen, 1975 +(in part): 115–126, fig. 49: 1–5. +— + +Rogacheva et al., 2009: 473–474 + +, fig. 7.— + +Gebruk et al., 2014: 161 + +. +— + +Gubili et al., 2017: 288–296 + +. +— + +Gebruk et al., 2020: 1–5 + +, fig. 1. + + + +Non: + +Psychropotes longicauda + +var. +fusco-purpurea +Théel, 1882: 99 +, pls. 29: 1, 35: 11. + + + + +Non: + +Psychropotes longicauda +var. +monstrosa +Théel, 1882: 98– 99 + +, pls. 29: 2, 30, 39: 1. + + +Non: + +Psychropotes longicauda +var. +antarctica +Vaney, 1908: 419– 420 + +. + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308333 +* (1) [IN +2022 + + +V +08 196] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Single specimen, elongate and semicylindrical, with a rounded dorsal surface, slightly constricted before additional dorsoanterior bulging, flattened ventrally, and flattened at each end once preserved, ~ +125 mm +long, +37 mm +wide and +20 mm +high (preserved).Soft but unusually firm for this typically gelatinous species and almost black shipboard (see Remarks). Dark purple to violet/red preserved. Unpaired dorsal appendage of same colour as body, fin-like in appearance, and very close to posterior end; firm rather than flaccid and gelatinous, almost the width of body but shorter than expected (approximately one fifth the size of specimen). Anus ventral. Mouth ventral. Eighteen tentacles with very round firm discs and knobbed margins. Anterior brim of more than ten tube feet, variable in size, fused for most of their length but free and round at ends. Similar for a much smaller posterior brim, with approximately ten tube feet, more regular in length. Ventrolateral tube feet large and free, approximately seven each side. Paired to zigzag series of large to small midventral tube feet. No dorsal papillae observed in this specimen, usually minute. Ossicles irregular spinous crosses and rods. Dorsal body wall ossicles (fig. 21e, f) slender and spinous to thick and serrated crosses, with and without central apophyses, most broken here. Ventral body wall ossicles (fig. +21 g +–k) typically stout, slightly curved crosses, with or without broken central apophyses, arms up to ~91 +μm +long with scattered spines mostly distal (fig. +21g +–i). Also, slender crosses with longer arms up to 350 +μm +with or without central apophysis (fig. 20j, k), and rare rods. Tentacles with curved to straight, smooth to spinous or branched rods up to 640 +μm +long. + + + +Figure 21. + +Psychropotes longicauda +. + +a, b, d, shipboard images showing very dark live colour with placement of unpaired appendage, a, dorsal, b, ventral, d, lateral views; c, additional oral image after preservation with round tentacles, brim and mid-ventral tube feet; ossicles: e,f, dorsal body wall crosses (broken, with and without apophyses), g–k, ventral crosses, g–i, stout and curved, j, k, slender, all NMV F308333; scale bars: a–d=1 cm, e=100 +μm +, f, j=200 +μm +, g–i=50 +μm +, k= 300 +μm +. + + + +Remarks. +We have placed our specimen in + +P. longicauda + +for now with the usual reservations, and in particular noting that +Gubili et al. (2017) +assessed + +P. longicauda + +as a cryptic species complex and +Gebruk et al. (2020) +redescribed and split the species. The 16S sequence groups with that of + +P. longicauda + +from +California +, +USA +(fig. S1). Our specimen was collected from a station with manganese nodules, so the black colour and firmer texture here may be artifacts rather than typical. Ossicles and external morphology key closest to + +P. longicauda + +in the + +Galathea Report +( +Hansen, 1975 +) + +, with ossicles and features a good match other than the IOT specimen having a slightly reduced dorsal appendage. Ossicles and preserved whole-body dimensions from the original description in the +Challenger +Reports ( +Théel, 1882 +) agree with the IOT specimen, but again the dorsal appendage for our specimen is much shorter and more tapered than the “very large” +120 mm +one noted in the original description, and those illustrated by +Gebruk et al. (2020) +or photographed by +Ross (2012) +. The IOT specimen also shows some similarities to the +variety now +accepted as + +P. fuscopurpurea +Théel, 1882 + +known only from the +type +locality in the Southern Indian Ocean south of +Australia +at ~ +3560 m +. The differences between these species were covered well in the redescriptions by +Gebruk et al. (2020) +, with our specimen judged a closer match to the ossicles from + +P. longicauda + +. + + +Distribution. +Australian IOT (this work), Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic, Pacific Ocean: Kermadec Trench area. * + + +Full bathymetric range. +3431–5414 m +* (IOT +3431–5414 m +). + + + + +Type +locality + +(for specimen noted as “best” for species). +Southern Indian Ocean +, +Southern Ocean +(northwest of +Casey Station +Antarctica +), ~ + +3614 m + + +. + + +*Prior to +Gebruk et al. (2020) +, which restricted geographic distribution to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic and the Kermadec Trench area (depth +3560–5414 m +), distribution was considered cosmopolitan at +2210–5173 m +. + + + +This +species was previously recorded in +AFD +and from western, eastern and southern +Australia +at depths of + +815–4890 m + +in ALA ( + +January 2024 + +). Note that the +NMV +Catalogue records one of these specimens (from the Great Australian Bight) at a depth of + +4890–5032 m + +. This IOT material represents a geographic and small bathymetric range extension for the species + +. + + +References. +AFD (2024), ALA (2024), +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Gebruk et al. (2020) +, +Gubili et al. (2017) +, +Ross (2012) +, +Théel (1882) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535258FF9AFF36EE27FC6FFAC6.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535258FF9AFF36EE27FC6FFAC6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e5164ec224e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535258FF9AFF36EE27FC6FFAC6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Order + +Molpadida +Haeckel, 1896 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +O’Loughlin et al., 2015 +). “Tentacles 15, digitate; body stout, lacking tube feet, usually with an evident tail; anal papillae, tentacle ampullae and respiratory trees present; ossicles may include tables, cups, rods, perforated plates and modified anchors; phosphatic bodies often present.” + + +Remarks. +The +Molpadida +are burrowing holothuroids lacking any tube feet and with a sausage-like body often tapered to a tail. Despite the absence of tube feet, +Molpadida +do not group with the Apodida, though their position within the Neoholothuriida remains uncertain ( +Miller et al., 2017 +). +Molpadida +often bury themselves in mud or silt and are known from the subtidal zone down to abyssal depths ( +Pawson et al., 2001 +). They are represented worldwide by three families, with only +Caudinidae +and +Molpadiidae +currently recorded for +Australia +. Only +Molpadiidae +was represented in IOT material, with two lots of + +Molpadia + +from two stations at +3839–4766 m +. + + + + +Family + +Molpadiidae +Müller, 1850 + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +O’Loughlin et al., 2015 +, after +Pawson, 1977 +). “Tentacles claw shaped or with terminal digits and few small lateral digits. Tentacle ampullae long or reduced. Spicules derived from tri-radiate tables with three-pillared spire. Tail with tables with round to oblong disc or long fusiform rods. Phosphatic deposits often present.” + + +Remarks. +Ossicles of some species will gradually transform into light orange or red phosphatic deposits ( +Pawson et al., 2001 +). Genera and species within +Molpadiidae +are differentiated by +type +or combination of ossicles which include tri-radiate and fusiform tables, fusiform rods, racquets, anchor plates and anchors; and presence or absence of phosphatic deposits ( +Rowe et al., 2017 +). Of the three currently accepted genera worldwide, + +Heteromolpadia + +and + +Molpadia + +have been previously recorded from +Australia +, with only + +Molpadia + +being widespread. We found one + +Molpadia +OTU + +in the IOT material, + +Molpadia +cf +blakei + +(2 lots). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535258FF9BFC93EED9FE36FD68.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535258FF9BFC93EED9FE36FD68.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e446e76bc6c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535258FF9BFC93EED9FE36FD68.xml @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Molpadia +Cuvier, 1817 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +O’Loughlin et al., 2015 +, after +Pawson, 1977 +). “Calcareous deposits include tables, anchors, and rosettes of racquet-shaped plates and large fusiform rods in various combinations. Tail deposits tables or fusiform rods. Phosphatic deposits present or absent.” + + +Remarks. +Samyn and VandenSpiegel (2016) +commented that there has been no complete revision of + +Molpadia + +since Pawson put + +Trochostoma + +and eight other genera into the group between 1965 and 1977. Pawson himself noted the ongoing issues with successfully splitting the loosely defined group into multiple genera, and the acceptance between taxonomists to maintain it for practical purposes, until more is known ( +Pawson, 1977 +). There are 60 currently accepted species within + +Molpadia +(WoRMS 2024) + +, with eight of these previously known from +Australia +: + +M. adamanensis +, +M. antarctica +, +M. dissimilis +, +M. scabrum +, +M. abyssicola +, +M. granulata +, +M. musculus + +and + +M. lenticula +( +Rowe et al., 2017 +) + +, though there are some discrepancies between this list and genera recorded in ALA and in the NMV catalogue. Additional work will be needed to resolve the distribution discrepancies for the genus within +Australia +. In the IOT we found two lots of + +Molpadia + +, both from stations over +3700 m +, which we have identified here as + +Molpadia +cf +blakei + +. +Tri-radiate tables with a three-pillared spire, along with the presence of phosphatic deposits and lack of plate/cup ossicles, puts specimens into +Molpadiidae +rather than +Caudinidae +, while lack of three-armed anchor plates puts them in + +Molpadia + +rather than + +Heteromolpadia + +( +Pawson, 1977 +key). Although we have a reduced dataset, both COI and 16S sequence data indicates that + +Molpadia + +is paraphyletic, which is concordant with previous findings ( +Miller et al., 2017 +). Specific genetic placement of these IOT specimens is noted in Remarks for the species description below. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535259FF9BFC8BED06FB38F8CD.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535259FF9BFC8BED06FB38F8CD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9911af8ea72 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535259FF9BFC8BED06FB38F8CD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Gephyrothuriidae +Koehler and Vaney, 1905 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(see +Koehler and Vaney, 1905 +) + + +Remarks. +This family was erected to include animals with a cylindrical body, narrower at the oral end, which have papillae or tube feet exclusively on the two dorsal radii but not on the other three. It currently comprises two genera: + +Gephyrothuria + +and + +Paroriza + +, previously found off eastern +Australia +, + +Gephyrothuria + +from +Queensland +to +Tasmania +and + +Paroriza + +from north and east of +Tasmania +(WoRMS and ALA, +January 2024 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53525BFF99FF29EBB6FE2DFC80.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53525BFF99FF29EBB6FE2DFC80.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d3f289801de --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53525BFF99FF29EBB6FE2DFC80.xml @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Paroriza +Hérouard, 1902 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(see +Hérouard, 1902 +) + + + +Remarks. +Paroriza + +was moved to family +Gephyrothuriidae +by +Miller et al. (2017) +as a well-supported sister to + +Gephyrothuria alcocki + +, the type-taxon of +Gephyrothuriidae +. The morphology of the genus differs from the family diagnosis in that only the midventral is completely bare, not the ventrolateral radii. This description also excludes some smaller specimens that have since been noted to have a complete covering of tube feet (Hansen, 1956). There are four currently accepted species worldwide: + +Paroriza grevei +Hansen, 1956 + +, + +P. pallens +( +Koehler, 1895 +) + +, + +P. prouhoi +Hérouard, 1902 + +and + +P. verrucosa +Massin, 1987 + +. Here we report one lot of + +P. prouhoi + +from the IOT at a single station, the first species-level record for the genus in +Australia +(ALA, 2024). + +Paroriza + +is most easily distinguished from + +Gephyrothuria + +by being crowded with dorsal appendages rather than having only a few on the dorsal radii, and by being ventrally flattened rather than rounded with a tail ( + +Gephyrothuria + +has a similar shape to +Molpadiidae +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53525DFF9FFC8BEBB6FAE3FB56.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53525DFF9FFC8BEBB6FAE3FB56.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f3dfc2dc646 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53525DFF9FFC8BEBB6FAE3FB56.xml @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Zygothuria +R. +Perrier, 1898 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(following +Gebruk et al. 2012 +). “Body ovoid, flattened, but with well-differentiated sole; integument often wrinkled. Tube feet arranged exclusively in single or double row along ventrolateral ambulacra, placed on sole margin, which often forms fringe. Tube feet widely spread, may be quite big; dorsal papillae minute, not numerous, irregularly distributed or arranged in two simple rows, sometimes totally absent. Twenty tentacles, rarely 13–19; no tentacle ampullae; madreporite placed close to body wall, without penetrating it. Mouth ventral or terminal, anus terminal, without special arrangement. Calcareous ring with triangular radial segments. Ossicles of integument three-pillar (rarely four-pillar) tables; close to middle of their length pillars are linked by transverse beams; pillars merge on top forming spire.” + + +Remarks. +Deep-sea genus with six currently accepted species worldwide, two of which have been reported previously for +Australia +: + +Z. lactea + +from the south and east and + +Z. marginata + +from the northwest (WoRMS and ALA +January 2024 +). Three lots of + +Zygothuria + +are recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +1426–4766 m +, and further identified to species OTU level as + +Z. lactea + +(1 lot), + +Z. thompsoni + +(1 lot, new species record for +Australia +), and + +Zygothuria +sp. + +MoV. 7328 (1 lot). Distinguished from + +Mesothuria + +by flattened body shape with well-distinguished sole and fringe of ventrolateral tube feet, along with and typically tri-radiate compared to quadri-radiate table ossicles. With limited reviews of genera within +Mesothuriidae +available, we relied heavily on +SolÍs-MarÍn (2003) +and +Gebruk et al. (2012) +to identify specimens; both resources highlight the need for further study of the group. Based on both COI and 16S sequence data, + +Zygothuria + +is monophyletic (fig. S2). In the COI phylogeny, + +Z. thompsoni + +is sister to + +Z. oxysclera + +, but no 16S data is available. Without additional samples matching the morphological and/or genetic description of specimen NMV F296850, we are reluctant to identify this specimen past the current OTU level. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535262FFA0FF36EE47FD69F98C.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535262FFA0FF36EE47FD69F98C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9b201ef6ad1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535262FFA0FF36EE47FD69F98C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Pelagothuriidae +Ludwig, 1893 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(see +Ludwig, 1893 +) + + +Remarks. +Widespread at bathyal to hadal depths, the +Pelagothuriidae +are a small family of swimming sea cucumbers with only two currently accepted genera and species: + +Enypniastes eximia + +and + +Pelagothuria natatrix + +. Both employ a brim of fused tube feet for swimming, though only + +P. natatrix + +is thought to be truly pelagic. Only + +Enypniastes + +has been reported for +Australia +, and again only this genus was found in the IOT material. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA2FC90EBB6FCD6FB97.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA2FC90EBB6FCD6FB97.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dbdac6095ea --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA2FC90EBB6FCD6FB97.xml @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Benthogone rosea +Koehler, 1895 + + + + + + + + + +Benthogone rosea +Koehler, 1896: 114–117 + + +, figs 2, 3, 36, 46. +— + + + +Perrier, 1902: 399–405 +, pls. 14: 1–2, 19: 8–14. +— +Grieg, 1921: 5–6 +. +— + + + + +Hérouard, 1923: 38–39 +. +— +Heding, 1940: 369 +. +— +Madsen, 1947: 15– + + +16. +— +Pawson, 1965: 219–221 +, pl. 5. +— +Gebruk et al. 2014: 159 +. + +Benthogone rosea +var. +cylindrica +Perrier, 1896: 900 + +. + +Benthogone rosea + +var. 4- +lineata +Perrier, 1896: 900 +. + +Benthogone quadrilineata +.— + +Heding, 1940: 369 +. +— +Heding, 1942: 15 +. Non + +Benthogone quatrolineata +.— + +Augustin, 1908 +. + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F296864 +* (12) [IN + + +2021 +V +04 + + +031] + +; + +NMV +F308147 +(1) and + + +NMV +F310371 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +105] + +; + +NMV +F308320 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +187] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Specimens typically gelatinous, light red, pink, or mauve colour before preservation, with ventral colour often darker, particularly along the midventral, which was occasionally furrowed. Firmer and purple to mauve when preserved. Elongate body slightly raised and curved dorsally, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly and with thin lateral edges. Anus terminal, subdorsal. Ventral mouth often with a darker colouration than body, 15–20 retractable peltate purple tentacles surrounded by circumoral ring of small papillae (fig. 12c). Dorsal radial rows of slender papillae (often retracted and/or hard to detect), and ventral retractable tube feet on lateral margins, with end-disks often visible. IOT specimens up to +110 mm +long, +17 mm +wide and +7 mm +high (NMV F308320 preserved), but average specimen less flattened (e.g. +65 mm +long, +12 mm +wide and +12 mm +high; NMV F296864.1 – preserved). Body wall ossicles large to small + +Laetmogone + +-like wheels, slightly curved, with central four-rayed raised primary cross. Wheelssymmetrical but perimeter is undulating and size graduates from small to large. Larger wheels more typically with eight spokes ~104– 218 +μm +dorsally but smaller ventrally. Smaller wheels nine (typically 10 or more) spokes and ~70–118 +μm +. No teeth on rims. The wheel centre is almost filled, with only a narrow slit or hole in the calcareous membrane (presumably the nave as noted in +Hansen, 1975 +), typically below the primary cross. Tentacles with clumps of irregular, curved spinous rods plus wheels. Wheels also observed in papillae and tube feet. + + +Remarks. +There are many similarities with + +Laetmogone + +, but for intact specimens the presence of circumoral papillae distinguishes + +Benthogone + +from other genera in +Laetmogonidae +. The IOT material was a good match to the +type +description for + +B. rosea + +, though the midventral was more rust-red than “striking purple” and some of the wheel sizes differed as noted below.Distinguished from + +B. fragilis + +, which has greater number and different distribution of papillae, and from + +B. abstrusa + +, which has unretractile larger tube feet and conical dorsal papillae. Spinous rods were only observed in tentacles, some of the larger wheel ossicles were up to 218 +μm +– much larger than the +type +specimens for the species in +Koehler (1895) +(100 +μm +) and those observed in +Hansen (1975) +(160 +μm +). Hansen also saw no correlation in wheel size and spoke number, whilst we observed (like Koehler in the +type +specimens) typically eight spokes in the larger wheels for IOT specimens, and typically ten or more spokes for smaller wheels.Some specimens had lost some or all their 15–20 tentacles though trawl damage. Note that the outer skin was susceptible to damage or stripping during collection, and specimens clumped together during preservation, making it harder to see external characters later. Good shipboard photography in and out of water pre-preservation assisted with the observation of external characters. In addition to the original description (and illustration) in +Koehler (1895) +, +Hansen (1975) +provides some good descriptions and keys and can be used in conjunction with the + +Laetmogone + +character table from Thander (1998) to rule out + +Laetmogone + +and other + +Benthogone +species. + +The specimen sequenced for COI and 16S (NMV F296864) does not group with + +Benthogone abstrusa + +in either gene tree; genetic placement within +Elasipodida +is unclear (fig. S1). Based on morphological features, we maintain its identification here as + +B. rosea + +. + + + +*ALA records one specimen of + +B. rosea + +collected from the Mediterranean and lodged at the Australian Museum. + + + + +Figure 12. + +Benthogone rosea +. + +a–c, shipboard images showing live colour and circum-oral papillae, NMV F308147; ossicles: d–f body wall wheels, NMV F296864; scale bars: a–c=1 cm, d–f=50 +μm +. + + + +Figure 13a–v, Table 1, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S1 + + +Distribution. +Eastern North Atlantic from +Ireland +to +Cape Verde +(off +Mauritania +), north of +New Zealand +(South Pacific), and Indian Ocean (off east Africa and Australian IOT) ( +Hansen, 1975 +; +Gebruk et al., 2014 +; this work). + + +Full bathymetric range. +1103–2480 m +( +Hansen, 1975 +; +Gebruk et al., 2014 +) (IOT +2189–2435 m +). + + + + +Type +locality. + +North Atlantic +, +Bay of Biscay +, + +1300 m + + +. + + + +This +species not previously recorded from +Australia +in +AFD +or ALA ( + +January 2024 + +) + +. + + +This IOT material represents a geographic range extension for the Indian Ocean and first record for +Australia +. + + +References. +AFD (2024), ALA (2024), +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Hansen (1975) +, +Koehler (1895) +, +Massin (1993) +, +Thandar (1998) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA4FF31EE81FCD6F885.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA4FF31EE81FCD6F885.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ddc5a1225b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA4FF31EE81FCD6F885.xml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Benthogone +Koehler, 1895 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(following +Hansen, 1975 +). Circumoral papillae present. Midventral tube feet absent. Dorsal papillae small, in single rows, double rows, or bands. Ventrolateral papillae absent. Ossicle wheels lack marginal teeth. + + +Remarks. +Of the three currently accepted species of + +Benthogone + +worldwide, two have been previously recorded for +Australia +: + +B. abstusa + +and + +B. fragilis +, + +both off northwestern +Australia +(WoRMS and ALA +January 2024 +*). Five lots of + +Benthogone + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +2156–2435 m +, with four of those identified as + +B. rosea + +– a new species record for +Australia +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA4FF36E806FCD1FA0E.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA4FF36E806FCD1FA0E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d7b0a5863f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535266FFA4FF36E806FCD1FA0E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Laetmogonidae +Ekman, 1926 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(amended from +Rogacheva et al., 2009 +). Ossicles wheel-shaped, scattered rods or (in + +Laetmogone violacea + +) spinous crosses or (in + +Gebrukothuria + +) rods only. Tube feet conspicuous, evenly distributed along entire ventrolateral radii, never fused into a brim. Midventral tube feet present or absent. Papillae numerous, placed along dorsal radii or dorsal and ventrolateral radii; papillae on dorsal radii free, on ventrolateral radii (if present) free or fused; in rare cases fused to form an anterior brim. Circumoral papillae present or absent. Calcareous ring reduced or not calcified. Gonad composed of numerous branched ducts and tubules. + + +Remarks. +The +Laetmogonidae +are a cosmopolitan family with seven currently accepted genera, three of which were previously recorded for +Australia +: + +Benthogone +, +Laetmogone + +and + +Pannychia + +. Found most commonly on the continental slope, these sea cucumbers have an elongated body with dorsal papillae and ventral-oriented feeding tentacles. IOT material includes examples from + +Benthogone + +and + +Psychronaetes +. + +Diagnosis of family amended here to include rare case of fused anterior brim. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526CFFACFC93EE2DFBF5FDB1.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526CFFACFC93EE2DFBF5FDB1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b7c956be805 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526CFFACFC93EE2DFBF5FDB1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + + +Benthodytes +cf +incerta + +Ludwig, 1893 + + + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308170 +*(1) + +, + +NMV +F308171 +*(1) and + + +NMV +F308177 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +113] + +; + +NMV +F308197 +* (2) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +116] + +; + +NMV +F308269 +(3) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +145] + +; + +NMV +F308327 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +191] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Large light violet specimens with dark-purple tentacles and tube feet, and some darker purple to maroon-red remnant patches. Elongated, semicylindrical body, highly convex dorsally, clear flattened sole ventrally, rounded anteriorly and rounded to slightly tapered posteriorly. Body solid. Skin thin and firm, thicker ventrally, occasionally more gelatinous, particularly dorsally, and appearing to bubble or form warts in places. Anus dorsal, close to terminal. Mouth ventral with circumoral papillae. Up to 15 peltate tentacles (sometimes 10 or 11). Single rows of up to eight (4 pairs) of well-spaced papillae along dorsal radii, variable size and tapered at ends. Typically, very narrow lateral brim of short, fused tube feet. Midventral tube feet small, in irregular double row, sometimes bare just below the mouth. IOT specimens large (e.g. +230 mm +long, +50 mm +wide and +35 mm +high: +NMV +F308327 – preserved). Dorsal body wall ossicles large and small crosses, variably thick and thin, typically with distally spinous arms and central apophyses (broken). Arm length variable (e.g. 176–336 +μm +: +NMV +F308170), sometimes with corkscrew-like spinous ends. Papillae often same. Smaller crosses typically finer and less spinous, some with no apophyses. Ventral ossicles thick spinous crosses with irregular spinous central apophyses, reduced crosses with and without apophyses, and smooth straight rods with spinous ends. Tentacles straight to curved rods with spinous ends. + + + +Figure 15. + +Benthodytes +cf +incerta + +. +a–e, shipboard images, a, b, NMV F308197, c, d, NMV F308170, e, NMV F308171; ossicles: f–j, body wall dorsal, NMV F308171, k–m, body wall ventral, NMV F308269; scale bars: a–e=1 cm, f–m=100 +μm +. + + + +Figure 16a–c, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S1 + + +Remarks. +These specimens vary widely. Specimens match descriptions and illustrations of external morphology for + +Benthodytes incerta + +using +Hansen (1975) +, but bipartite apophyses were not seen on crosses (though apophyses were typically broken). Ossicles can key to + +B. superba + +, but other features do not match. +One specimen +( +NMV +F308327) has tube feet more “free” than typical when observed in water, and one deeper specimen lot ( +NMV +F308269 from ~ +3000 m +) has a more prominent brim and more “warty” skin than others, but both still fit the general morphology for + +B. incerta + +. +NMV +F308177 is partial (skin only), but skin and ossicles match others in group. Specimens differ from + +B. marianensis + +in ossicles and body form, including narrower brim and fewer dorsal papillae. Specimens have a very similar body form to + +B. manusensis + +, but with more dorsal papillae, typically a narrower brim, and different ossicles from those shown in +Xiao et al. (2018) +. Most specimens are distinguished also from + +B. lingua + +, which is thicker and more gelatinous with no clear ventral sole. +One specimen +( +NMV +F308171) has a + +B. lingua + +morphology agreeing with illustrations in +Perrier (1902 +: pl. 12: 1–2), and images of exposed ovaries in +Hansen (1975 +: pl. 12: 2). As discussed under Remarks for the genus, genetics clearly places the specimen with this IOT + +B. incerta + +group. Without additional specimens including +type +material for comparison, we do not attempt to assess the validity of + +B. lingua + +as a species. We acknowledge the variation in specimens here and that material potentially represents a new species but identify all to + +Benthodytes +cf. +incerta + +for now. + + +Distribution. +These specimen lots only: Indian Ocean, Australian IOT, +Christmas Island +and +Cocos (Keeling) Islands +Territories, Lucia Seamount Stn., Scrooge Seamount Stn., Cocos (Keeling) Stn., and Santa Ridge Stn., +1304–3078 m +. + + +Full bathymetric range. +1304–3078 m +. + + +References. +Hansen (1975) +, +Li et al. (2018) +, +Ludwig (1893 +, +1894 +), +Xiao et al. (2018) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526CFFAEFF36ED85FBE7FE6A.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526CFFAEFF36ED85FBE7FE6A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a55a8983857 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526CFFAEFF36ED85FBE7FE6A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Psychropotidae +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(following +Hansen, 1975 +). Tentacles 10–18. Brim of tube feet surrounding the body and midventral tube feet present. Ossicles cross-shaped or rod-shaped. Calcareous ring absent or consisting of a diffuse network. + + +Remarks. +Psychropotidae +are a widespread deep-sea family, typically found from abyssal depths to the continental slope. The group includes the often photographed “Gummy Squirrel” + +Psychropotes + +with its sail-like dorsal appendage ( +Heffernan, 2019 +). Of the three currently accepted genera, two – + +Benthodytes + +and + +Psychropotes + +– are found in Australian waters. At least three species of + +Benthodytes + +and three of + +Psychropotes + +were observed for the IOT here. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526EFFADFC93E96BFDD4FEE7.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526EFFADFC93E96BFDD4FEE7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..154af8ab6dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53526EFFADFC93E96BFDD4FEE7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + + +Benthodytes +cf +sanguinolenta + +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308225 +* (1) [IN +2022 + + +V +08 122] + +. + + +Diagnosis. +Specimen elongated, slightly raised mid-dorsally but flattened anteriorly, and flattened and tapered posteriorly, +24 cm +long, +4.5 cm +wide and +1.5 cm +high (preserved). Pink to brown and purple (pre-preservation). Heavily damaged and outer skin appears to be stripped, leaving the specimen fluffy. Dorsal radial bands visible, but papillae minute or lost. Midventral line also visible, but tube feet lost. Fused lateral brim of tube feet. Anus dorsal, close to terminal. Mouth ventral, with clear anterior brim of post-oral papillae. At least 16 soft tentacles with marginal processes visible in this specimen, retracted into skin folds. Ossicles rare, only a few irregular smooth rods up to 256 +μm +long. + + +Remarks. +Superficially different from images of + +Benthodytes +cf. +sanguinolenta + +reported from the CCZ (Bribiesca et al., 2022) and morphologically congruent (where features available) with the diagnosis and whole-body photographs (pl. 3–6) of + +B. sanguinolenta + +from +Hansen (1975) +. Not identified past + +Benthodytes +cf +sanguinolenta + +here due to the poor state of the specimen. + + +Distribution. +This specimen lot only: Indian Ocean, Australian IOT, +Cocos (Keeling) Islands +Territory, +Investigator Ridge Abyssal Stn. +, +4980–4990 m +. + + + +Figure 16. + +Benthodytes +cf +sanguinolenta + +. +a–c, shipboard images showing dorsal, ventral, and oral view of NMV F308225; scale bars: a, b=1 cm. + + + +Full bathymetric range. +4980–4990 m +. + + +References. +Bribiesca et al. (2022), +Hansen (1975) +, +Li et al. (2018) +, +Ludwig (1894) +, +Théel (1882) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB1FC8BED2CFBF4F8CD.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB1FC8BED2CFBF4F8CD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0495089aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB1FC8BED2CFBF4F8CD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,381 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + + +Peniagone +cf +challengeri + +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Figure 4a, b +, Appendix 1, +Table S1 + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308151 +(1) [IN +2022 + + +V +08 105] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Single small, elongate specimen, +32 mm +long, +10 mm +wide and +5 mm +high (preserved). Light pink and soft before preservation, light grey to white and firm once preserved (ethanol). Quite damaged, outer skin looks stripped and “fluffy” and preserved specimen was stripped of most appendages. Anterior end downturned with ventral tentacle crown. Two long tapered dorsal anterior lobes visible on damaged velum. Tube feet where visible on preserved specimen were free and restricted to posterior section, though live photo shows a potential brim of partly fused appendages. Posterior mid-terminal incision in preserved specimen, but not obvious in shipboard photo so may be an artifact. Minimal ossicles but all + +Peniagone + +- +type +crosses with four long spinous arms, long bare central stem, and four short and spinous apophyses. + + + +Figure 3. + +Peniagone +cf +azorica + +. a, shipboard image showing full body brim; ossicles: b–d, ventral body wall crosses, e–f, low + +Peniagone + +-type crosses from tentacles (similar seen in body wall); g–i, high (g–h) and low (i) + +Peniagone + +-type crosses from dorsal body wall, NMV F308267; scale bars: a=1 cm, b=100 +μm, +c=300 +μm, +d=500 +μm; +e–f=50 +μm +. + + + + +Figure 4. + +Peniagone +cf +challengeri + +. a, shipboard image; b, body wall ossicle, NMV F308151; scale bar: a=0.5 cm. + + + +Remarks. +Identified here as closest to + +Peniagone challengeri +Théel, 1882 + +based on the morphology described, particularly the ossicles (which match the illustration for the +type +specimen of + +P. challengeri + +in +Théel, 1882 +), bifid velum, posterior tube feet and elongate form, but too damaged to identify further than + +Peniagone +cf +challengeri + +. + + +Distribution. +This specimen lot only: Indian Ocean, Australian IOT, +Christmas Island +Territory, Balthazar Seamount Stn., +2298–2435 m +. + + +Full bathymetric range. +2298–2435 m +. + + +References. +AFD (2024), ALA (2024), +Cross et al. (2009) +, +Hansen (1975) +, +O’Loughlin (1998) +, +Rowe et al. (2017) +, +Théel (1882) +. + + + +Peniagone coccinea +Rogacheva and Gebruk + +in +Rogacheva et al., 2013 + + + +Figure 5a–o, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S1 + + + + + +Peniagone coccinea +Rogacheva and Gebruk + +in + +Rogacheva et al., 2013: 608–610 + +, figs 13, 14, 18h, i, o, 19e (online supplement 1).— + +Gebruk et al., 2014: 162 + +.— + +Kremenetskaia et al., 2021: 14 + +, fig. 9. + + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F296857 +* (1) [IN + + +2021 +V +04 + + +028] + +; + +NMV +F308183 +(1) + +, + +NMV +F308188 +* (1) and + + +NMV +F308189 +(2) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +115] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Bright pink to red and gelatinous with semitransparent skin (live), cream to grey with pink tinge + + +(preserved, ethanol). Body form elongate, raised dorsally and broadening towards the posterior end. Most complete preserved specimen up to ~ +70 mm +long, +20 mm +high and +20 mm +wide ( +NMV +F308183, fig. 5a). Anterior dorsal velum with two pairs of long papillae fused at the base on each side (central ones longer). Mouth downturned on short neck tube with flaccid tentacles extended, only six remaining on the most complete specimen. Posterior with a brim of small, fused tube feet and dorsal anus. Skin is soft and easily damaged. Ossicles of body wall are flat, irregular, variably spinous crosses (fig. 5b–f), and two kinds of + +Peniagone + +- +type +crosses, all with smooth (or minutely spinous) central beams, some with irregular extra branches. One version of + +Peniagone + +- +type +cross with mostly wide but inward-curving spinous arms and four (3–4) shorter straight, almost vertical spinous apophyses (fig. 5i–k). Other +type +with mostly four outward-curving arms, quite irregular in length and shape and often strongly spinous at ends, with mostly four short, thick spinous apophyses (fig. 5l–o). Tentacles, tube feet, velum (and occasionally body wall) with additional irregular spinous rods, straight to curved (fig. +5g +, h). + + +Remarks. +Colour and brim like + +Peniagone +cf +azorica + +above, but ossicles are distinctive and have the more “irregular” form of + +P. coccinea +Rogacheva and Gebruk + +in +Rogacheva et al., 2013 +. + + +Distribution. +North Atlantic, Indian Ocean (Australian IOT). + + +Full bathymetric range. +2600–2974 m +(IOT +2760–2974 m +). + + + + +Type +locality. + +North Atlantic +, +Mid-Atlantic Ridge +south of the +Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone +, + +2600–2750 m + + +. + + + +This +species not previously recorded from +Australia +in +AFD +or ALA ( + +January 2024 + +) + +. + +This IOT material represents a geographic range extension for the species and a small increase in depth range. + +References. +AFD +(2024), ALA (2024), +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Rogacheva et al. (2013) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29E989FE3FFA6D.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29E989FE3FFA6D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a43b301ef51 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29E989FE3FFA6D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Peniagone +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(amended from +Hansen, 1975 +). Dorsal papillae anteriorly placed, usually forming a velum. Ossicles primary crosses or cross-shaped bodies with variable arms and apophyses arising from a central stem. Calcareous ring consisting of five isolated pieces, each having a varying number of arms. + + +Remarks. +Benthic and swimming genus, worldwide except for theArctic with high species diversity in the Pacific and Antarctic ( +Gebruk et al., 2014 +). + +Peniagone + +ossicles are of an adapted cross shape, with arms always arising from a central beam or stem. Of the 35 currently accepted species of + +Peniagone + +, five have been previously recorded for +Australia +: + +P. affinis +, +P. azorica +, +P. challengeri +, +P. vignoni +, + +and + +P. vitrea + +(ALA, 2024; WoRMS, 2024). Two new records for +Australia +of known species are recorded here: + +P. coccinea + +and + +P. purpurea + +. Eighteen lots of + +Peniagone + +were recorded from the IOT voyages at depths of +2156–5414 m +, with 12 lots further identified to OTU species level as follows: + +Peniagone +cf +azorica + +(1 lot), + +Peniagone +cf +challengeri + +(1 lot), + +P. coccinea + +(4 lots), + +P. purpurea + +(1 lot), + +P. vitrea + +(3 lots), + +Peniagone +sp. + +MoV. 7320 (1 lot), + +Peniagone +sp. + +MoV. 7321 (1 lot). Genus diagnosis was amended from +Hansen (1975) +to note apophyses and central stem. + +Peniagone + +is a well-supported, monophyletic genus in both the COI and 16S phylogenies (fig. S1). However, more molecular data is needed to resolve species-level relationships. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29EBB6FEEAFD17.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29EBB6FEEAFD17.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1c12b657163 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29EBB6FEEAFD17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Elpidiidae +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(following +Hansen, 1975 +). Tentacles 10–12. Ventrolateral tube feet large, well-spaced, and usually few. Midventral tube feet absent. Calcareous ring consisting of five star-shaped pieces. See +Hansen (1975) +for further comments. + + +Remarks. +The +Elpidiidae +are a cosmopolitan deep-sea family, with some species known to form dense benthic aggregations ( +Gutt and Piepenburg, 1991 +). Recorded in +Australia +from off the east and west coasts and in the Great Australian Bight. Of the 13 currently accepted genera, seven are known from +Australia +: + +Achlyonice +, +Amperima +, +Elpidia +, +Kolga +, +Peniagone +, +Psychroplanes + +and + +Scotoplanes + +, with additional genera found in Australian Antarctic waters (ALA, 2024; WoRMS, 2024). IOTmaterialincludesexamplesfrom + +Peniagone + +, + +Psychroplanes + +and + +Scotoplanes + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29EEA0FA7DF9FA.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29EEA0FA7DF9FA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..893996ccf54 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535271FFB3FF29EEA0FA7DF9FA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + + +Peniagone +cf +azorica + +Marenzeller + +von, 1892 + + + + +Figure 3: a–i, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S1 + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308267 +* (7) [IN +2022 + + +V +08 145] + +. + + +Other material. + +Peniagone azorica +Marenzeller + +von, 1892 +– off eastern +Australia +, +NMV +F241035 +[IN + +2017 V03 + +090 110]; +NMV +F240855 +[IN + +2017 V03 + +032 143] (identified by Mark O’Loughlin, 2018). + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Damaged, fragile specimens. Elongate, dorsally raised and convex but ventrally slightly rounded to flattened. Anterior end downturned with ventral mouth on neck tube (not visible in photo) and only four flaccid tentacles remaining. Anus dorsal and terminal. Pink to orange before preservation, with a fragile, translucent brim (< +10 mm +wide) around the entire animal, extending to form a wider anterior velum of five fused papillae. Central two anterior papillae are longer, with all fused for most of their length. Tube feet where visible appear restricted to posterior third of the body, and almost fully embedded in the brim. Preserved specimens (ethanol) are grey and spongey with chalky skin, brim and fused velum either lost or reduced to stringy pieces and approximately six previously embedded larger tube feet appearing free, with only the series of minute posterior tube feet remaining fused. Ossicles in body wall include larger irregular spinous crosses (fig. 3b–d), with four or more flat to slightly curved arms (up to 455 +μm +long), and + +Peniagone + +- +type +crosses with arms and apophyses, both with smooth central beams. + +Peniagone + +- +type +crosses mostly +two types +, some with four arms and 2–4 (typically 4) high apophyses curved inwards (fig. +3g +–h), others (more common in ventral wall) with irregular arms curved out and shorter thick, spinous apophyses (fig. 3f, i). Both +types +have spines (serrations) on both arms and apophyses. Tentacles with same and spinous supporting rods. Most complete preserved specimen from IOT ~ +105 mm +long, +15 mm +wide and +15 mm +high. Likely same specimen as shipboard image which was ~ +145 mm +long and +45 mm +wide before preservation (fig. 3a). + + +Remarks. +Ossicles combined with body shape and tentacles closest to original +type +description of + +P. azorica +Marenzeller + +von, 1892 +from the North Atlantic, and subsequently descriptions by +Hansen (1975) +. Identified as + +Peniagone +cf +azorica + +here as whole-body brim including completely fused anterior velum and tube feet embedded in a posterior brim (as seen in IOT specimens) does not match the bipartite velum and free tube feet bordering entire ventral sole of the original description, +Hansen’s (1975) +descriptions, or those described more recently from the mid-Atlantic ( +Rogacheva et al., 2013 +). Ossicles, colour and morphology of IOT specimens match at least two of the +six specimens +Mark O’Loughlin identified as + +P. azorica +Marenzeller + +von, 1892 +from Australian eastern abyssal stations, which had a brim and fused velum in shipboard images but lost these after preservation ( +NMV +Catalogue, 2018). + + +Distribution. +These specimen lots: Indian Ocean, Australian IOT, +Cocos (Keeling) Islands +Territory, Cocos (Keeling) Stn., +3002–3078 m +; Two comparative specimens noted above: off eastern +Australia +in East Gippsland Marine Park and off Byron Bay, +2562–3853 m +. + + +Full bathymetric range. +2562–3853 m +. + + +References. +Gebruk et al. (2014) +, +Hansen (1975) +, +Hansson et al. (2001) +, Marenzeller +von (1892) +, +Rogacheva et al. (2013) +, Kremenetskaia née Rogacheva (pers comm., 2023), +Théel (1882) + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535276FFB5FC93ED94FEC9FDA2.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535276FFB5FC93ED94FEC9FDA2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..036d2ae1060 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535276FFB5FC93ED94FEC9FDA2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Order + +Dendrochirotida +Grube, 1840 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(see +Grube, 1840 +) + + +Remarks. +Dendrochirotida +are suspension-feeding sea cucumbers found worldwide, more common in shallower waters though extending to abyssal depths. Some species burrow in soft sediments; others attach to hard surfaces and extend their branched tentacles into the water column to feed. This order comprises 11 currently accepted families, five of which are represented in +Australia +: +Cucumariidae +, +Phyllophoridae +, +Psolidae +, +Sclerodactylidae +and +Ypsilothuriidae +, with others found in Australian Antarctic waters. While it was anticipated that the shallower depths of Muirfield Seamount would provide more suitable bathymetric range for this order, surprisingly only one deep-sea species from one family was represented in the IOT material. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535277FFB5FC8BEED6FAD7F8CC.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535277FFB5FC8BEED6FAD7F8CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a4e225fe46f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535277FFB5FC8BEED6FAD7F8CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Order + +Elasipodida +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(see +Théel, 1882 +) + + +Remarks. +The +Elasipodida +are a deep-sea order of sea cucumbers lacking respiratory trees. They are typically gelatinous, have peltate feeding tentacles, and have tube feet adapted for walking along the seafloor or fused for swimming. Unfortunately, the often-soft outer skin is easily damaged during collection, and their watery bodies also make preservation difficult. The order comprises four currently accepted families: +Elpidiidae +, +Laetmogonidae +, +Pelagothuriidae +and +Psychropotidae +, all of which are represented in Australian waters. As expected for this dominant deep-sea order, all four families were also represented in the IOT material. +Hansen (1975) +reviewed the +Elasipodida +comprehensively in the + +Galathea Report + +, and despite subsequent revisions for specific groups, this remains one of the best overall sources for descriptions and keys for the order. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535277FFB5FF29E974FECFFC84.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535277FFB5FF29E974FECFFC84.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..44c991785ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535277FFB5FF29E974FECFFC84.xml @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Family + +Ypsilothuriidae +Heding, 1942 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(see +Heding, 1942 +) + + +Remarks. +Previously found in the deep sea off the south and northeastern and northwest coasts of +Australia +, this family comprises U-shaped burrowing species with a covering of spired ossicles. Of the three currently accepted genera, two + +( +Echinocucumis + +and + +Ypsilothuria + +) were previously recorded for +Australia +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535278FFB9FC93ED76FDB4FDD1.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535278FFB9FC93ED76FDB4FDD1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..774b5057af1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A535278FFB9FC93ED76FDB4FDD1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Psychroplanes +Gebruk, 1988 + + + + + + +Diagnosis. +(translated from +Gebruk, 1988 +). Body ovoid, length to width ratio ~2:1. Dorsally convex, body height equal to or exceeding body width. Dorsal ambulacral appendages include a velum and 1–2 pairs of small papillae behind this. Tube feet 5–10 pairs. Calcareous ring pieces with seven pairs of arms. Dorsal ossicles are crosses with well-developed apophyses. Number of apophyses varying: one central apophysis arising from centrum of the cross, and one apophysis on each of the arms can be present. Ventral ossicles also cross-shaped with varying number of apophyses. + + + +Figure 8. + +Peniagone +sp. + +MoV. 7320. a, b, shipboard images; c, arrow to damaged velum; ossicles: d–h, dorsal body wall + +Peniagone + +-type crosses, high (d, e), wide (f, g), and low (h), NMV F308335; scale bars: a, b=1 cm, c=0.5 cm, d= 300 +μm +, e=400 +μm +, f, h= 100 +μm +, g=200 +μm +. + + + + +Figure 9. + +Peniagone +sp. + +MoV. 7321. a, shipboard image; ossicles: b–f, dorsal body wall, g–m, ventral body wall, n–q, tentacles, NMV F308228; scale bars: a=1 cm, b–g=100 +μm +, h–m= 50 +μm +, n=200 +μm +, o, q= 300 +μm +, p= 400 +μm +. + + + +Remarks. +A rarely seen deep-sea genus known from mostly circumtropical and moderate latitudes. There are currently four accepted species of + +Psychroplanes + +worldwide, which had all been previously assigned to + +Peniagone + +( +Hansen, 1975 +; WoRMS, 2024). This genus was erected to account for ossicles unique within +Elpidiidae +, robust crosses with arms arising from a single central point rather than a central beam ( +Gebruk, 1988 +). While the genus is not currently reported from +Australia +in ALA, + +Psychroplanes rigida + +(as + +Peniagone rigida + +) was collected from the eastern Australian abyss off +New South Wales +in 2017 (NMV Catalogue, 2024). Four lots of + +Psychroplanes convexa + +are recorded here from the IOT voyages at depths of +2973– 4990 m +. Diagnosis from translation of the original Russian (Antonina Kremenetskaia, pers comm., 2024). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFA7FC8BEE4AFB9DF982.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFA7FC8BEE4AFB9DF982.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f3db979ac7b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFA7FC8BEE4AFB9DF982.xml @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Scotoplanes globosa +( +Théel, 1879 +) + + + + + + +Figure 11a–f +, Appendix 1, +Table S1 + + + + + + + +Elpidia globosa +Théel, 1879: 14–15 + + +, figs 17–19. + + + + + + +Elpidia murrayi +Théel, 1879: 16 + + +, figs 23–25. + + + + + +Scotoplanes globosa +. + +— + +Théel 1882: 29–31 + +, pls. 4, 5: 3, 34: 8–9, 36: 5–6, 44: 12.— + +Vaney 1908: 409–410 + +, pl. 3: 25–28.—Hansen 1956: 40–41.—D’yakonov et al., 1958: 360.— + +Agatep 1967: 55–57 + +, pl. 4: 1–13.— + +Hansen, 1975: 167–169 + +, fig. 83: 9–12, 95: 4, pl. 9: 9.— +Gebruk, 1983 +(in Russian): 1362–1364, fig. 1: 1–11.— + +Thandar 1999: 391–392 + +, figs 10, +15f. +— + +O’Loughlin et al., 2020: 21 + +, add. file 1: sup. table S1. + + + + + +Scotoplanes murrayi +(Théel) + +.— + +Théel 1882: 34 + +, pls. 3: 3–4: 34: 2, 44: 4; + +Savel’eva 1966 +, p. 295 + +, pl. 64: 7. + + + + +Scotoplanes theeli + +.—Ohshima, 1915, pp. 242–243.—Ohshima 1916–1919, 3 figs. + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308303 +(4) [IN +2022 + + +V +08 157] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. +Specimens small and damaged with minimal features; soft, round to oval “pigs” up to +40 mm +long and +24 mm +wide (preserved). Light pink with smooth, thin, and partially transparent skin. Mouth terminal to ventral with ring of mostly removed orange/red tentacles. Specimens grey when preserved. Anus subdorsal to terminal. Discrete tube feet along outer sides of ventrally flattened sole and some evidence of dorsal papillae. Ossicles only + +S. globosa + +type +rods (104–376 +μm +) and small Cs (32–56 +μm +). Rods variably spinous, particularly distally, and Cs variably individual or clumped (fig. 11e). + + + +Figure 10. + +Psychroplanes convexa + +. a–d, shipboard images, a, NMV F308230, b, NMV F 308185, c, NMV F308284, d, NMV F308285; ossicles: slender (e) and robust (g–j) cross ossicles from body wall of NMV F308284 (e–g) and NMV F30825 (h–j); bluntly spinous end of slender cross arm (f); scale bars: a–d=1 cm, e, g=100 +μm +, f=5 +μm +, h–j=50 +μm +. + + + + +Figure 11. + +Scotoplanes globosa +. + +a, b, shipboard images; ossicles: c, d, body wall; e,f, tentacles, NMV F308303; scale bars: a,b=1 cm, c,d=100 +μm +, e=50 +μm +. + + + +Remarks. +These specimens are small compared to +one type +specimen recorded at +18 cm +long ( +Théel, 1879 +), and the single ~ +5 cm +specimen collected previously from Australian waters ( +O’Loughlin et al., 2020 +), however specimens have been recorded from off +Cape +Point, +South Africa +, at a maximum size of +15 mm +( +Thandar, 1999 +). + + +Distribution. +Largely cosmopolitan (excluding North Atlantic) and typically at depths of over +1000 m +. + + +Full bathymetric range. +545–6770 m +( + +Hansen, +1975 + +in reference to Ohshima, 1915 and +Thandar, 1999 +) (IOT +1019– 1023 m +). + + + + +Type +locality + +(as + +Elpidia globosa + +). +Southern Indian Ocean +south of +Australia +, + +3566 m + + +, + +and +South Pacific Ocean +off +Chile +, + +3950 m + + +. + + +This species not previously recorded from +Australia + +in +AFD +but recorded from a single station in +Freycinet Marine Park +off north-east +Tasmania +at + +2751–2820 m + +in ALA ( + +January 2024 + +). +This +IOT material represents a geographic range extension for the species in +Australia + +. + + +References. +AFD +(2024), ALA (2024), +Gebruk (1983) +, Hansen (1956), +Hansen (1975) +, O’Loughlin, Mackenzie and O’Hara in +O’Hara et al. (2020) +, +Thandar (1999) +, +Théel (1879) +, +Théel (1882) +, +Takano et al. (2019) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFB9FC8BE9EBFBFDFB57.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFB9FC8BE9EBFBFDFB57.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6fe090cbee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFB9FC8BE9EBFBFDFB57.xml @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + +Genus + +Scotoplanes +Théel, 1882 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(following +Hansen, 1975 +). Dorsal papillae separated into one pair of large anterior papillae, and one large and one small pair placed close together on the middle or posterior part of the body. Tentacle discs with a few, large papillae on the surface and a knobbed margin divided into a pair of large, aboral, retractile lobes. Ossicles consisting of rods and Cs. Calcareous ring consisting of five isolated pieces, each with four pairs of arms. + + + +Remarks. +Scotoplanes + +are a charismatic genera of sea cucumber and one of the groups often referred to as sea pigs. They have been observed to aggregate in large densities, particularly around food sources such as whale fall ( +Gutt and Piepenburg, 1991 +) and have also been known to host parasitic or hitchhiking invertebrates ( +Barry et al., 2017 +). Of the five currently accepted species of + +Scotoplanes + +worldwide, only + +S. globosa + +has been previously recorded for +Australia +(WoRMS and ALA +January 2024 +). A single lot of + +S. globosa + +was recorded from the IOT voyages at +1019–1023 m +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFB9FF29E9CBFCA4FD30.xml b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFB9FF29E9CBFCA4FD30.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5e975a77017 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/2A/0A/432A0A53527BFFB9FF29E9CBFCA4FD30.xml @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ + + + +A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) + + + +Author + +Mackenzie, Melanie + + + +Author + +Davey, Niki + + + +Author + +Burghardt, Ingo + + + +Author + +Haines, Margaret L. + +text + + +Memoirs of Museum Victoria + + +2024 + +Mem. Mus. Vic. + + +2024-09-10 + + +83 + + +207 +316 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 + +journal article +10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03 +1447-2554 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213 + + + + + + +Psychroplanes convexa +( +Hansen, 1975 +) + + + + + +Figure 10a–j, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S1 + + + + + + +Peniagone convexa +Hansen, 1975: 135–136 + + +, figs 57–58, 95: 1, pl. 10: 4–5. + + + + +Psychroplanes convexa +. + +— +Gebruk, 1988 +(in Russian): 917. + + + + +Material examined. + +NMV +F308185 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +115] + +; + +NMV +F308230 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +122] + +; + +NMV +F308284 +* (1) and + + +NMV +F308285 +(1) [IN + + +2022 +V +08 + + +151] + +. + + +Diagnosis of IOT material. + +Preserved specimens soft, ovoid, opaque to cream or light purple to grey. Dorsally high and curved, ventrally flattened with sole. All specimens damaged but similar “pig shape” to + +Amperima +. + +Length: width ratio ~2:1, up to +10 cm +long and +5 cm +wide ( +NMV +F308284 +, preserved). Anterior velum damaged but broad and thick. Mouth ventral, up to ten tentacles with soft often folded discs, lobed at edges, on short/ thick stalks. Large discrete tube feet bordering ventral sole (>5 each side). Skin a little rough/prickly due to cross-shaped ossicles. Cross-ossicles of variable size and predominantly +two types +. Slender +type +with four horizontal base arms originating from the centre, and four shorter horizontally directed apophyses, giving the appearance of a small cross on top of a large one when viewed from above (fig. 10e). Arms are smooth with typically bluntly spinous ends (fig. 10f). More robust cross-ossicles, less regular than the slender +type +, with four outwardly projecting arms, slightly curved up at end and variably spinous (fig. +10g +–j). Arms and four shorter vertical, straight to outward-curving apophyses originate from a square-like centre. Tentacles and tube feet similar, with some rods also seen + +. + + +Remarks. +Presence of true cross ossicles with arms arising directly from centre place these specimens in + +Psychroplanes + +rather than + +Peniagone + +. Morphologically also like + +Psychroplanes obsoleta +( +Hérouard, 1899 +) + +, which has not been recorded for the Indian Ocean, but more than five pairs of tube feet places this in + +Psychroplanes convexa +( +Hansen, 1975 +) + +. Minute dorsal pair of papillae behind anterior velum not seen in these damaged specimens. All specimens have ossicles matching the original + +P. convexa + +description and illustrations ( +Hansen, 1975 +), though +NMVF +308284 (fig. 10e–g) and +NMVF +308285 (fig. 10h–j) are the most typical, with some + +Peniagone + +-style ossicles seen in tentacles for +NMVF +308230 and some more irregular and spinous versions of robust crosses in +NMVF +308185. There is insufficient resolution in the COI data to confidently determine its phylogenetic placement within +Elpidiidae +(fig. S1). + + +Distribution. +Indian Ocean: off east Africa to +Sri Lanka +, Australian IOT. + + +Full bathymetric range. +2973–4990 m +(IOT +2973–4990 m +). + + + + +Type +locality. + +Indian Ocean +, between +Madagascar +and Mombasa, and off +Sri Lanka +, + +4040–4820 m + + +. + + +This species and genus not previously recorded from +Australia + +in +AFD +or ALA (accessed + +January 2024 + +). +This +IOT material represents a geographic and bathymetric range extension for the species and the first record for +Australia + +. + + +References. +AFD +(2024), ALA (2024), +Gebruk (1988) +, +Hansen (1975) + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/AC/3E/87/AC3E87C0FFF2FFB48E0AF4E5FBE6F99F.xml b/data/AC/3E/87/AC3E87C0FFF2FFB48E0AF4E5FBE6F99F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac15fc3e844 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/AC/3E/87/AC3E87C0FFF2FFB48E0AF4E5FBE6F99F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ + + + +New land microsnails of the genus Gastrocopta (Eupulmonata: Gastrocoptidae) in the semiarid region of Brazil + + + +Author + +Lima, Silvio Felipe Barbosa +Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Centro de Formação de Professores (CFP), + + + +Author + +Abreu, Evandro Cosmo Tomaz de +Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), + +text + + +Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia + + +2024 + +Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo + + +2024-11-05 + + +64 + + +1 +8 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.040 + +journal article +10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.040 +1807-0205 + + + + + + + +Gastrocopta caatinga + +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +( +Fig. 3 +) + + + + + +Type material: + +Holotype +– +UFPB +.MOL-44075 ( +Fig. 3 +); +paratypes +– +UFPB +.MOL-44076 (1 shell) and CMPHRM7522B (1 shell), all from type locality. + + + + +Type +locality: + +Brazil +, +Paraíba +, municipality of São José de Piranhas, +EAEP +,sampling area 17, +06°59′23″S +, +38°27′28″W +( +404 m +), litter (leaf and soil), +10.II.2018 +, Evandro C. +T +. Abreu collector. + + + + +Etymology: +The specific name honors the phytogeographic domain of the +Caatinga +– from the Tupi-Guarani, meaning "white forest″ referring to the landscape consisting of leafless vegetation and whitish trunks typical of the dry season, or a large geographic area covering the greater part of northeastern +Brazil +characterized by the variety of vegetation cover, which is usually deciduous and hyperxerophilic. + + + + +Diagnosis: +Apertural barriers with four teeth that do not obstruct the region (except for projection of parieto-angular tooth). Parieto-angular tooth longest of all teeth, slightly bifid, recurved to right, located at midpoint of parietal region. Upper palatal tooth minute. Lower palatal tooth rounded, second biggest tooth. Columellar tooth low, semicircular, slightly oblique (diagonal) to columellar axis, located at midpoint of columellar wall. + + + + +Description: +Shell dextral, whitish to light cream, thin, minute (length about +1.2 mm +), ovoid ( +Figs. 3 +A-C). Apex cap shape, apically subflattened. Protoconch worn, apparently smooth, with about 1.5 whorl;proto-teleoconch transition marked by faint edge and appearance of numerous, faint growth striations ( +Fig. 3E +). Spire moderately convex (about 60% of total length). Teleoconch with about 4 inflated, globose, moderately convex whorls, increasing moderately in size,sculptured by closely spaced, rather regular, faint, fine, prosocline axial riblets visible on unworn surface ( +Figs. 3 +A-C). Body whorl with about 40% of total length, expanded, strongly oval, width about 68 to 69% of total length of shell ( +Figs. 3 +A-C). Umbilicus large and rounded. Suture well impressed, moderately deep, slightly oblique (diagonal) to columellar axis ( +Figs. 3 +A-C). Peristome slightly reflexed (little more prominent on columellar area), rounded in columellar to lower palatal area, flattened in upper palatal area; suprapalatal region with distinct angulation. Lip moderately thickened, narrow. Aperture subsquare, about 37 to 38% of total length. Apertural barriers with four teeth that do not obstruct region (except for projection of parieto-angular tooth), not extending to lip margin. Parieto-angular tooth longest of all teeth slightly bifid, recurved to right located at midpoint of parietal region. Upper palatal tooth minute. Lower palatal tooth rounded, second larger tooth. Columellar tooth low, semicircular, slightly oblique (diagonal) to columellar axis, located at midpoint of columellar wall ( +Figs. 3A +, C-D). + + +Geographical distribution: +Known only from the municipality of São José de Piranhas, +Paraíba +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Remarks: + +Gastrocopta caatinga + + +sp. nov. + +differs substantially from native and invasive Brazilian congeners in having basically an ovoid shape ( +Figs. 3 +A-C) and apertural barriers with distinctive size,outline and/or inclination of the dentition ( +Figs. 3A, D +). In Brazilian phytogeographical domains, there is no species of + +Gastrocopta + +with shell morphology similar to + +G. caatinga + + +sp. nov. + + + +The new species superficially resembles + +G.barbadensis + +[ +Cunha +et al., +2015:fig. 2D], + +G.iheringi + +[ +Simone, 2006 +: fig. 346], + +G. oblonga + +[ +Simone, 2006 +: fig. 347] and + +G. solitaria + +[ +Simone, 2006 +: fig. 349] in the outline of the teleoconch whorls; + +G. barbadensis + +in the distinct angulation of the suprapalatal region; + +G. oblonga + +in its subsquare aperture; and + +G. sharae + +[ +Salvador +et al., +2017: figs. 2-6] in the arrangement of teeth on the columellar and palatal areas. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/AC/3E/87/AC3E87C0FFF7FFB48CB9F065FE3EFCFF.xml b/data/AC/3E/87/AC3E87C0FFF7FFB48CB9F065FE3EFCFF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..113f516c259 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/AC/3E/87/AC3E87C0FFF7FFB48CB9F065FE3EFCFF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ + + + +New land microsnails of the genus Gastrocopta (Eupulmonata: Gastrocoptidae) in the semiarid region of Brazil + + + +Author + +Lima, Silvio Felipe Barbosa +Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Centro de Formação de Professores (CFP), + + + +Author + +Abreu, Evandro Cosmo Tomaz de +Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), + +text + + +Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia + + +2024 + +Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo + + +2024-11-05 + + +64 + + +1 +8 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.040 + +journal article +10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.040 +1807-0205 + + + + + + +Gastrocopta joaoherminioi + +sp. nov. +( +Fig. 2 +) + + + + + +Type material: + +Holotype +– +UFPB +.MOL-44073 ( +Figs.2 +A-C,E) + +; + +Paratypes +– +UFPB +.MOL-44074 (9 shells) ( +Fig. 2D +), CMPHRM7521B(4shells),all from type locality + +; + +CMPHRM7520B (5 shells), +Brazil +, +Paraíba +, municipality of +Cajazeiras +, +EAEP +, sampling area 9, +06°59′07″S +, +38°27′34″W +( + +410 m + +), litter (leaf and soil), + +25.XI.2017 + +, +Evandro C. +T +. +Abreu +collector + +. + + + +Type +locality: + +Brazil +, +Paraíba +, municipality of Cajazeiras, +EAEP +, sampling area 8, +06°59′06″S +, +38°27′32″W +( +401 m +), litter (leaf and soil), +25.XI.2017 +, Evandro C. +T +. Abreu collector. + + + + +Etymology: +The species is named to honor Prof. Dr. João Hermínio da Silva (1961-2023). Prof. João Hermínio, as he was called among his colleagues and students, obtained a degree in Mathematics from the + +Universidade Estadual do +Ceará + +(UECE: 1984-1989), a master′s degree in Energy and Nuclear Technologies from the + +Universidade Federal de +Pernambuco + +(UFPE: 1997-1999), a PhD in Physics from the + +Universidade Federal do +Ceará + +(UFC: 2002-2007) and a Post-Doctorate from the + +Universidade Federal do +Piauí + +(UFPI: 2015-2016). He was a professor at the + +Universidade Estadual do +Tocantins + +(Unitins: 1995-1996), + +Universidade Federal Rural de +Pernambuco + +(UFRPE: 1997-1999), UFC (2002-2006), +Instituto Centro de Ensino Tecnológico +(Centec: 2006-2007), +Centro Universitário Farias Brito +(FB UNI: 2007-2007), UFC (2010-2015) and finally +Universidade Federal do Cariri +(UFCA: 2016-2023). He was a research productivity fellow at the +Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico +(CNPq) due to his important scientific, technological and innovation production involving raman and infrared spectroscopy, materials subjected to high temperatures and high pressures, vibrational properties of amino acid crystals, growth and characterization of amino acid crystals, application of radioisotopes, Physics and Microbiology, Physics Applied to Paleontology and Archeology and Teaching Physics. He dedicated part of his life to the study of fossils from the Araripe Basin (located between the south of the state of +Ceará +, the west of the state of +Pernambuco +and the east of +Piauí +) contributing to paleontological research, mainly in the Cariri of the state of +Ceará +, as well as the training of researchers and teachers in the areas of Physical, Geological, Paleontological and Biological Sciences. Prof. João Hermínio passed away at the age of 62. + + + + +Figure 2. + +Gastrocopta joaoherminioi + +sp. nov. +collected from the EAEP: (A) Ventral view, (B) Right view, (C) Dorsal view, (D) Detail of aperture, (E) Apical view. Scale bars:A-C = 1 mm (holotype),D = 0.2 mm (paratype – UFPB.MOL-44074),and E = 0.5 mm (holotype). + + + + +Diagnosis: +Apertural barriers with 11 very strongly developed teeth (except suprapalatal tooth) greatly obstructing aperture, not extending to lip margin. Parietal to angular region with five teeth – infraparietal tooth apparently semicircular, completely anastomosed with parieto-angular tooth 1; parieto-angular tooth 2 longest of all teeth, slightly or strongly anastomosed to adjacent teeth, recurved to left, bulbous in distal region, tapered in proximal region; parieto-angular tooth 3 semicircular, partially anastomosed to adjacent teeth, forming minute apical space between them or completely anastomosed to adjacent teeth not forming space between them; angular tooth moderately long, with similar thickness along its length, slightly recurved to right, connected in distal region or completely anastomosed to parieto-angular tooth 2. Palatal region with four well-spaced, rounded teeth – suprapalatal tooth minute, tubercular (inconspicuous in some shells); upper palatal tooth and interpalatal tooth semicircular, with similar size; lower palatal tooth semicircular, larger and more robust among palatal teeth. Basal tooth low, semicircular. Columellar tooth semicircular, strong, thick, moderately long, oblique (diagonal) or perpendicular to columellar axis, located at about midpoint of columellar wall. Columellar tooth and lower palatal tooth similar in size and outline. + + + + +Description: +Shell dextral, whitish to light cream, thin, minute (length about +1.2 mm +), pupilloid-conical ( +Figs. 2 +A-C), surface worn (mostly devoid of periostracum) marked by growth striations ( +Fig. 2E +). Apex obtuse, blunt, strongly domed. Protoconch smooth, bulbous, blunt, with about 1.5 whorl; proto-teleoconch transition marked by faint edge ( +Fig. 2E +). Spire weakly convex (about 45% of total length), blunt-obtuse ( +Figs. 2 +A-C). Teleoconch with 3.5 to 4.0 inflated, globose, greatly convex whorls, rather increasing conspicuously in size; sculptured by closely spaced, rather regular, faint, fine, prosocline axial riblets visible on an unworn surface ( +Figs. 2 +A-C, E). Body whorl with about 55% of total length, expanded, oval, width with about 60% of total length of shell ( +Fig. 2A +), contour strongly projected to left in ventral view ( +Fig. 2A +), lateral view with depression ( +Fig. 2B +). Umbilicus large and rounded. Suture deeply impressed, oblique (diagonal) to columellar axis ( +Figs. 2 +A-C, E). Peristome subcircular (not virtually complete) very slightly reflexed on columellar and parietal areas (parietal callus slightly distinct, thin). Lip thin, narrow. Aperture subcircular, about 35% of total length. Apertural barriers with 11 very strongly developed teeth (except suprapalatal tooth) greatly obstructing aperture, not extending to lip margin. Parietal to angular region with five teeth – infraparietal tooth apparently semicircular, completely anastomosed with parieto-angular tooth 1; parieto-angular tooth 2 longest of all teeth, slightly or strongly anastomosed to adjacent teeth, recurved to left, bulbous in distal region, tapered in proximal region; parieto-angular tooth 3 semicircular, partially anastomosed to adjacent teeth, forming minute apical space between them ( +Fig. 2D +) or completely anastomosed to adjacent teeth not forming space between them; angular tooth moderately long, with similar thickness along its length, slightly recurved to right, connected in distal region ( +Fig. 2D +) or completely anastomosed to parieto-angular tooth 2. Palatal region with four well-spaced, rounded teeth – suprapalatal tooth minute, tubercular (inconspicuous in some shells); upper palatal tooth and interpalatal tooth semicircular, with similar size; lower palatal tooth semicircular, larger and more robust among palatal teeth. Basal tooth low, semicircular. Columellar tooth semicircular, strong, thick, moderately long, oblique (diagonal) ( +Fig. 2D +) or perpendicular ( +Fig. 2A +) to columellar axis, located at about midpoint of columellar wall. Columellar tooth and lower palatal tooth similar in size and outline ( +Figs. 2A, D +). + + + + +Distribution: +Known only from the municipality of Cajazeiras, +Paraíba +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Remarks: +The shell morphology of + +Gastrocopta joaoherminioi + + +sp. nov. + +differs substantially from the native and invasive congeners of +Brazil +, mainly in the greatly convex whorls ( +Figs. 2 +A-C) as well as in the number and configuration of apertural barriers ( +Fig. 2D +).The shell morphology of + +G. joaoherminioi + + +sp. nov. + +and + +G. sharae + +correspond in their pupilloid-conical shape, markedly convex whorls associated with a deep suture and strongly developed apertural dentition.These species also have a columellar tooth and lower palatal tooth with similar outline and inclination. + +Gastrocopta joaoherminioi + + +sp. nov. + +differs markedly from + +G. sharae + +due to the presence of 11 apertural barriers that greatly obstruct the region ( +Fig. 2D +). In contrast, this cave gastrocoptid discovered in the state of +Goiás +(Central-West of +Brazil +) only have four apertural barriers (upper palatal tooth, lower palatal tooth, columellar lamella and anguloparietal lamella) ( +Salvador +et al., +2017: 136-139, figs. 2-6). The new species has infraparietal tooth, three parieto-angular teeth, suprapalatal tooth, interpalatal tooth and basal tooth ( +Fig. 2D +), which are non-existent in + +G. sharae + +( +Salvador +et al., +2017: 136-139, figs. 2-6). + + + +Gastrocopta joaoherminioi + + +sp. nov. + +and + +G. aliciae +Miquel & Brito, 2019 + +[from the +Galapagos Islands +( +Ecuador +)] have strongly developed teeth greatly obstructing aperture. Both species also share similar arrangement and strength of the columellar tooth, parietoangular tooth and angular tooth. The new species differs substantially from + +G. aliciae + +in having greatly convex teleoconch whorls, a greater number of teeth in the parietal region and absence of supracolumellar and subcolumellar teeth. + + +Gastrocoptajoaoherminioi + +sp. nov. + +has 11 strongly developed teeth greatly obstructing aperture ( +Figs. 2A, D +) while + +G. crucifera +Hylton Scott, 1948 + +and + +G. pulvinata +Hylton Scott, 1948 + +[both from +Argentina +] have six to seven apertural barriers that do not obstruct the aperture. The new species has a columellar tooth located at about midpoint of columellar wall ( +Figs. 2A, D +), while + +G. crucifera + +and + +G. pulvinata + +have columellar tooth locat- ed near the infraparietal region ( +Hylton Scott, 1948: 245 +, fig. 1; 246, fig. 2, respectively). + +Gastrocopta joaoherminioi + + +sp. nov. + +has a well-developed basal tooth ( +Figs. 2A, D +), while it is absent in + +G. crucifera + +( +Hylton Scott, 1948: 245 +, fig. 1). The aperture of + +G. joaoherminioi + + +sp. nov. + +has three well-developed parieto-angular teeth and four palatal teeth ( +Fig. 2A, D +), while aperture of + +G. pulvinata + +presents only one parieto-angular tooth and two palatal teeth ( +Hylton Scott, 1948: 246 +, fig. 2). + + + + \ No newline at end of file