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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4276841d-487a-421a-a47f-0de27a9437ad" ID-PMC="PMC3192426" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-119-11" ID-PubMed="21998514" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-119-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 119" ModsDocTitle="A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)" checkinTime="1451250172498" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M., Kovblyuk, Mykola M. &amp; Koponen, Seppo" docDate="2011" docId="3EDB9FC90D2A2153B8447F288EA86FB3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 119: 11-27" docOrigin="ZooKeys 119" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706" docTitle="Xerolycosa miniata C. L. Koch 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="5636FF8E3C26FF87D50BFFD1FFEFFFB0" masterDocTitle="A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668151906056" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kovblyuk, Mykola M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>119</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
<mods:end>27</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-119-11</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EDB9FC90D2A2153B8447F288EA86FB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EDB9FC90D2A2153B8447F288EA86FB3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Xerolycosa_miniata" authority="C. L. Koch, 1834" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834)</taxonomicName>
Figs 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="–72227–2831–">-72227-2831-</normalizedToken>
34
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Lycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
C.L.
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Koch, 1834</bibRefCitation>
: 123, pl. 13-14 (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Dahl, F" journalOrPublisher="Die Suesswasserfauna Deutschlands" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 12" title="Araneae, Spinnen." volume="12" year="1908">Dahl 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 361, 364, f. 58 (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Holm, A" journalOrPublisher="Oxyopidae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae. Entomologiska foereningen, Stockholm" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="Svensk Spindelfauna III." year="1947">Holm 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 24, pl. 4, f. 34-35, pl. 10, f. 26 (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Harley Books, Colchester" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae." year="1985">Roberts 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 142, f. 61b (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, MJ" journalOrPublisher="HarperCollins, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain &amp; Northern Europe." year="1995">Roberts 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 223, f. (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Tirion, Baarn" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="Spinnengids." year="1998">Roberts 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 237, f. (♂♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Almquist, S" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 284" title="Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae Linyphiidae excluded)." volume="62" year="2005">Almquist 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 251, f. 245a-f (♂♀).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="list of references">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
For a complete list of references see
<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="IBPN FEB RAS, Magadan" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="The world spider catalog, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History." url="http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html" year="2011">Platnick (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
FINLAND (selected records from different parts of the range): 15♂♀ (ZMUT), Nauvo Seili (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.25">60°15'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.966667">21°58'E</geoCoordinate>
), sandy sea shore, 16.05.-11.08.1974 (R. Mannila); 1♂ 1♀ (ZMUT), Virolahti Siikasaari (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.466667">60°28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="27.583334">27°35'E</geoCoordinate>
), sandy sea shore, 07.05.-13.09.1970 (S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kännö">Kaennoe</normalizedToken>
); 17♂♀ (ZMUT), Pori Yyteri (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="61.55">61°33'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.533333">21°32'E</geoCoordinate>
), among
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Empetrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Empetrum" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Empetrum</taxonomicName>
in sand dune, 14.07.1968 (P.T. Lehtinen); 1♀ (ZMUT), Hailuoto Marjaniemi (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="65.03333">65°02'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="24.6">24°36'E</geoCoordinate>
),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elymus" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Elymus</taxonomicName>
sandy shore, 12.7.1973 (P.T. Lehtinen). RUSSIA:Adygeya: 1♂ 1♀ (TNU-2657/18), Caucasian State Reserve, 12 km SE kordon Guzeripl, Pastbishche Abago Mt. Range (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="43.883335">43°53'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="40.2">40°12'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="43.933334">43°56'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="40.266666">40°16'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1727-2010 m a.s.l.), 18-23.08.2009 (M.M. Kovblyuk). Tuva: 13♂ 11♀ (IBPN), Uyuk River mouth,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.066666">52°04'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="94.36667">94°22'E</geoCoordinate>
, 600-700 m, 3-5.06.1995 (Y.M. Marusik). UKRAINE: Crimea: 1♀ (TNU-2187/1), Simferopol Distr., Kesslers' Forest, 8.08.2000 (M.M. Kovblyuk).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
The species differs distinctly from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa mongolica" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">Xerolycosa mongolica</taxonomicName>
by the carapace pattern, having a light longitudinal band and stripes. Males can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="15" start="start">Xerolycosa</pageBreakToken>
nemoralis
</taxonomicName>
by the shorter seminal duct, a bent free part of the embolus and a bent tip, a rounded (not pointed) process of the tegular apophysis, basal part higher than apical (equal in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
), and the lack of a tegular ridge. Females can be distinguished by the proportions of the epigyne (windows longer than wide, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
they are wider than long).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Description.</paragraph>
<subSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
Total length 5.0 (4.7-6.2). Carapace: 2.85 (2.52-3.09) long, 2.1 (1.79-2.22) wide. Carapace length/femur IV ratio 1.2. Habitus and pattern as in
<bibRefCitation author="Almquist, S" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 284" title="Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae Linyphiidae excluded)." volume="62" year="2005">Fig. 6</bibRefCitation>
; carapace with wide white median band and marginal light stripes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="16" start="start">Palp</pageBreakToken>
as in Figs 22, 27-28, cymbial spines poorly distinct, upper part of tegular apophysis with claw-like outgrowth; embolus relatively thin, following an oval course, tip modified.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="2E35AFBBDA993B57ABDE9EEF033DDE15" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2E35AFBBDA993B57ABDE9EEF033DDE15" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Length of leg segments:</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">femur</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">patella</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">tibia</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">metatarsus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">tarsus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Total</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="185C07A5D4B22D5E3D0D81E70E6E82C7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/185C07A5D4B22D5E3D0D81E70E6E82C7" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Spination of legs:</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">femur</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">patella</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">tibia</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">metatarsus</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Total length 7.0 (4.8-7.4). Carapace: 3.0 (2.46-3.28) long, 2.1 (I. 71-2.42) wide. Carapace length/femur IV ratio 1.25. Habitus and pattern as in Fig. 7; pattern on carapace same as in male but with less distinct lateral light stripes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Epigyne as in Figs 31-34, sides of stem rounded, windows shaped like inverted droplets, their upper margins almost horizontal.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="77DBAAABDD7D98CB8B5CE38005501427" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/77DBAAABDD7D98CB8B5CE38005501427" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Length of leg segments:</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">femur</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">patella</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">tibia</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">metatarsus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">tarsus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Total</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="041617A450B111DAC3DC49EBBAC41B01" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/041617A450B111DAC3DC49EBBAC41B01" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Spination of legs:</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">femur</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">patella</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">tibia</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">metatarsus</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
has a Euro-Mongolian boreo-nemoral range (
<bibRefCitation author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="IBPN FEB RAS, Magadan" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="Spiders of Tuva, South Siberia." year="2000">Marusik et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and is known from Portugal to Tuva, north to central Finland and north Ural, and south to Azerbaijan and north-western Mongolia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1181-167" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7284D377F64253E0AF69CFBDBF89912A" ID-ZooBank="E38531F280734B9EA3ECE05D03865AF5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1181-167" checkinTime="1696562467154" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cherneva, Irina, Ellison, Christina I., Zattara, Eduardo E., Norenburg, Jon L., Schwartz, Megan L., Junoy, Juan &amp; Maslakova, Svetlana A." docDate="2023" docId="3EDBA29AB44F5837ACE58D4357943F63" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1181: 167-200" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1181" docPubDate="2023-10-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521" docTitle="Tetranemertes majinbuui Cherneva &amp; Ellison &amp; Zattara &amp; Norenburg &amp; Schwartz &amp; Junoy &amp; Maslakova 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="61B34C97-1A0E-436F-BA88-524852DC7F16" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="7284D377F64253E0AF69CFBDBF89912A" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="7284D377F64253E0AF69CFBDBF89912A" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of Tetranemertes Chernyshev, 1992 (Monostilifera, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from the Caribbean Sea, western Pacific, and Arabian Sea, and revision of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1696562769381" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C02980FF2F395621B6ED5695D3BCCF8C">Seven new species of Tetranemertes Chernyshev, 1992 (Monostilifera, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from the Caribbean Sea, western Pacific, and Arabian Sea, and revision of the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role id="FF59B240B36A17899CB06A6CDA1DB9CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="70612898282D9AB6C0F76AF33146C7B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F9A0D27C96ABF68890AD4E4BADBA6CBE">Cherneva, Irina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9EE3A04F3D0566563DAF55A5A98370B4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-6527</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1EBD68624487BF62F9CBF79875DCE86A">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7394B44A79B6ED91911550FAA41C7F72">Ellison, Christina I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="295B3924D1D6B9ABBBD2146852542261">Zattara, Eduardo E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA9B20BD65F2E58B21060B134894BDFC">Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas, Bariloche, Argentina &amp; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D9973F5B7A9A2BDC6208976CFADFA6E">Norenburg, Jon L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="37392F421BF89518B89294F454CE47C3">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8E02A6D120518660AC4B61464DEE2062">Schwartz, Megan L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DC9EDDA5085E7D531BA20ECD59C1CB6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-2838</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E0A86A12EF87DCFC5A2054B32F6BE2E8">School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B1C4E06A063850FE25DCD012FE8859FC" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0FB255F8D2DDAA0B87E5D19354803F61">Junoy, Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E69E59A8098B90D16D9693FDD2C7BFC3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-558X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="70C81782114DF3A76B09F64C4C914630">Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B7656AF43D38199B3712D90D248CC5AC" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="813410780C8C757A62FB44F743B15BED">Maslakova, Svetlana A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C4BDE3563C69776E7E80566819731E6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-6638</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="97C2C89FF5F2883EE382058B6FF118D6">Oregon Institute of Marine Biology and Biology Department, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BEABC5696643FAE02F238D3EDACDB6A6" type="email">svetlana@uoregon.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3EEF316855BA5F313A863E9C61F12120">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="935E879CA6194966FE8E662362242829">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="05F27A3F9397515EDE32F6AC309633AE">2023-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4941E9070E937BD1DA65D000A69F4EBC">1181</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5FB3FAA901927FF838DDBBEAE1316643">167</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="CA1AFC4149B5544A4673E2A5DF8A59CE">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="71F4DF9FC75BE94E57DEE8C1DDDDCAC7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="75C5BE4C5DE395B75D96E3970A33EF88" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CE661EF896E7D18943526AF106FED73A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1181-167</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3EDBA29AB44F5837ACE58D4357943F63" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:61B34C97-1A0E-436F-BA88-524852DC7F16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EDBA29AB44F5837ACE58D4357943F63" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<subSubSection id="5E355465C1D214DA90766AE503C33339" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7BD6D21711501E42C669185DF7E207BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="EFF0CFE2E7F4E86E53CB78E88F477B8C" LSID="https://zoobank.org/61B34C97-1A0E-436F-BA88-524852DC7F16" authority="Cherneva &amp; Ellison &amp; Zattara &amp; Norenburg &amp; Schwartz &amp; Junoy &amp; Maslakova, 2023" authorityName="Cherneva &amp; Ellison &amp; Zattara &amp; Norenburg &amp; Schwartz &amp; Junoy &amp; Maslakova" authorityYear="2023" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Tetranemertes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetranemertes majinbuui" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="majinbuui" status="sp. nov.">Tetranemertes majinbuui</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="803DBA2D4349E1FCBDB5D409F33CCD32" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A5192FA633B32045814F7EAC84918C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="AC1DC41002DB4DCA1E1DA0813A59F7C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<figureCitation id="2CBD433F7CE029695CDF4CEB9B9B6B4C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C2AB0F4F57EDEEE5ECA5CC72A550FF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E0C3677834E38E38C4EC7CF44860DE0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6820EF7F6D76309C1C74BC89EA58185F" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<materialsCitation id="592A765D6FEDB62003B29EB475DCD2A2" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" location="Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
Type material is deposited with the
<location id="EA24255081FF9E0F7F3600645FBF3708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EDBA29AB44F5837ACE58D4357943F63:EA24255081FF9E0F7F3600645FBF3708" name="Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.">
Smithsonian
<normalizedToken id="A43A602CAF99885EA4CDD2D1531F94AC" originalValue="Institution’s">Institution's</normalizedToken>
National Museum of Natural History.
</location>
<typeStatus id="B55AEA9C33B84313A506510439F4C616">Holotype</typeStatus>
CB056_18_01 (USNM 1618677): anterior end preserved for histology, and posterior in 95% ethanol.
<typeStatus id="0381F9E139890ED9F99EDE2ABDD5EEB6">Paratype</typeStatus>
856_080303_3 (USNM 1156478): histological sections of anterior end. See Table
<tableCitation id="96534FA678AA6AF9B01379206C03C488" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Examined specimens of Tetranemertes species. USNM - National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution, USA), FLMNH - Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida, USA). OIMB - Oregon Institute of Marine Biology (University of Oregon, USA). MCZ-IZ - Museum of Comparative Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology (Harvard University, USA). MNCN - Museo National de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid, Spain). N / A - not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70230C9428E27A83DE03D347E034A6DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" tableUuid="70230C9428E27A83DE03D347E034A6DE">1</tableCitation>
for
<typeStatus id="3D24CE0610A9CC365B74B53FD2E37CBC" isOtherTypeStatus="true">additional specimens</typeStatus>
, accession numbers, and Table
<tableCitation id="D2B822A7CA464701D9CE9D4F8AF48F20" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Collecting information for Tetranemertes specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EFD9BD4EFD87DD577897ACBFCB395DA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" tableUuid="EFD9BD4EFD87DD577897ACBFCB395DA1">2</tableCitation>
for collecting information
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3F6B95719935B5E59A3C849C2D290D70" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F485EC98C0D4094D9E7E61F273B0102C" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA81E5D089E566F5045ECF0CC9ACC636" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
Pink body color distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="E4E47594A9BED02C9008922808644BAF" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. majinbuui" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="majinbuui">
<emphasis id="A97367807EA8BA7FDA6CDC559846A188" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. majinbuui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. from
<taxonomicName id="3EA7EFD436516E748B2210834EE8F2E0" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. bifrost" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="bifrost">
<emphasis id="06E0FD73BCC771E8763628C9DC684BFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. bifrost</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName id="161EA819960C3F6E4A14D17551A3B092" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rubrolineata" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="rubrolineata">
<emphasis id="57531F917DB8DC0C34CD72BBA4739AA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. rubrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00C148B8F9485F1F755D45BB7CB28C72" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. unistriata" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="unistriata">
<emphasis id="C2D06343173A5ED5A1DE8234F7506454" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. unistriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName id="893D91EE9C8C73EBF8B6CA26876D8BF5" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ocelata" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ocelata">
<emphasis id="1BEE7A830A63450E0827630E5D880B1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. ocelata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName id="9192AE5C5C7C189C255289B1157B7306" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pastafariensis" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pastafariensis">
<emphasis id="E7B79B1613535933D579C5D2FA18B990" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. pastafariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and
<taxonomicName id="6E384C7C2ACF136F1D23749B48E721AB" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. paulayi" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="paulayi">
<emphasis id="FE8B0AC7F9E8AD3527B9D58D74419D42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="3A3FFD1FE43FDA1D0716CC84C52D0EB2" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. antonina" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="antonina">
<emphasis id="460350A0A36E0F4602E102AE325C9E27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. antonina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E47156E5077CE2E68C5CC583A3515F5A" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. hermaphroditica" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
<emphasis id="03D28B24E553ABA6B00642DF65AA1304" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. hermaphroditica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a posteriorly bilobed basis, and spirally sculpted shaft of stylet. It most resembles
<taxonomicName id="75765EBACD1C42981EA8BC43D6EC1BFE" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. arabica" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="49A76B8A98D85B68C55645DD6729F2D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. from which it is widely separated geographically. It is currently unknown whether it has separate sexes; if so, then it would distinguish it from
<taxonomicName id="0EF4B54C208E179D8772811E844201BD" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. hermaphroditica" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
<emphasis id="FA0F55F66FBF2040571C1F56E5610341" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">T. hermaphroditica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. DNA barcodes characterize this species unambiguously, clearly differentiating it from all other sequenced species of the genus (Table
<tableCitation id="E65626B30A064D4AD1BFE5BD633C83ED" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Averaged Jukes-Cantor distances for all possible pairwise intraspecific (diagonal, bold) and interspecific (above diagonal) comparisons of Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences of Tetranemertes species. Assignments based on morphological species hypotheses. The asterisk (*) marks species represented by sequence data for only one individual." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/58E99FAB63AB7F3998541470CC3D62A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" tableUuid="58E99FAB63AB7F3998541470CC3D62A8">5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23B20986FA0F420040393831C7537126" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="B26D6975BFDF1AFEE8F4633E950CCF54" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3551C79E04BAAD65C6955956E449552D" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="856E1C6ECC90DCD7FCCAC62B87D2D701" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="68B8500E9995E87C13C54E7E6BEAF9E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">External appearance of live specimens</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Long, thin, thread-like body. Can stretch much more than 10 cm, and is 0.3-0.5 mm wide at the head. Body rounded in cross-section throughout most of its length, but dorso-ventrally compressed in the head region anterior to the brain. The caudal end is bluntly rounded. Body color is uniform intense pink, paler towards the anterior end (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F3D21175A1FDCAD3F84A56438D1C54DE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5A</figureCitation>
). As viewed with a microscope most of the pink color is associated with the gut, while the anterior end is pale pink or translucent. The caudal end is paler, and has some dorsal granules of darker color. The anterior part of the head is demarcated from the body by both width and a single transverse ventral furrow (Fig.
<figureCitation id="576A01DAD409B9BEE4E3A4769485585B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5B, C</figureCitation>
, arrowheads).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FF743FB822C94A858867040016B50358" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="C3C86770F8DD7335A6E90D33BF41A680" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="481196D9B805D90C862C993F27DBA629" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6C3FDDD485B88E797AEAA4C2AC7B06BA" authorityName="Cherneva &amp; Ellison &amp; Zattara &amp; Norenburg &amp; Schwartz &amp; Junoy &amp; Maslakova" authorityYear="2023" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Tetranemertes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetranemertes majinbuui" order="Monostilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="majinbuui">
<emphasis id="16D67EB9D6FDCCD35F71EF4D57DA8107" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Tetranemertes majinbuui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="0E4BE7B3F259246D4FCC6E2FCF752CF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">A</emphasis>
external appearance in life of individual CB056_18_01
<emphasis id="A9F554C838EB63497DC586F1EC1715B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">B-D</emphasis>
Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (
<emphasis id="518A8EA141F1C1D9147EBB125B5F2BF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">B</emphasis>
) and dorsal (
<emphasis id="0C80A812041C8652C06AE9F49C456DFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end
<emphasis id="CF96557FE4CFBD07EC13F58E7270FE24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">D</emphasis>
Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes
<emphasis id="23351EC281F3E6A8B599A5E8A828978A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">E</emphasis>
stylet armature of individual CB056_18_01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis
<emphasis id="06E94CD05B2169FC9CA05C6C1A96D4BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">F</emphasis>
stylet armature of individual CBdT0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (
<emphasis id="D43FC7A14E0F13166B0459301148E923" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">A</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis id="45426E12A66D615520B7BD903263191F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">B-D</emphasis>
); 25
<normalizedToken id="B22E7F076672177D97882176AD92EC05" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="2D572EBB95AD84BD79AEC8B07D0B0FEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">E, F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E54D4DF2435FB26EFAB803BE93D52DD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">When placed in a dish, tangles into a writhing mass. Secretes transparent, sticky mucus when handled. Moves by ciliary gliding, often with the anterior end of the head raised at an angle from the surface, the inflection point coinciding with the lateral indentation of the transverse cephalic furrow. When mechanically perturbed, contracts forming a loose coil. The head region anterior to the cephalic furrow is less contractile, causing an obvious discontinuity in width when the animal is contracted. Regeneration ability not known. Blood is colorless.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5BED27D4B16E73F50AA351B494E0C1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
Head is shaped like a narrow diamond or spearhead, vaguely reminiscent of a
<normalizedToken id="94012CC4EAC83EA242CE01CBCB67FE34" originalValue="viper’s">viper's</normalizedToken>
head. Anterior to the cephalic furrow, the head is dorso-ventrally compressed; posterior to it there is a dorsal bulge corresponding to the cerebral ganglia. The cerebral ganglia are clearly visible, transparent or very pale pink.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D350798691346D2333DFAADD0F7C006" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
A single transverse cephalic furrow is formed by a pair of the cerebral organ furrows, fused mid-ventrally. The furrow starts laterally and continues toward the ventral midline, forming a very shallow forward-pointing
<normalizedToken id="A57A37DA3F066BF76EA73A798565E72B" originalValue="“V”">&quot;V&quot;</normalizedToken>
, anterior to cerebral ganglia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="99A260694B0D04A0EB7BDD132F39D87E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5B, C</figureCitation>
). Rhynchostomopore is ventral. Posterior cephalic furrows lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F17CDFFF6EA2BCF13AE86738333AE6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
Numerous reddish brown ocelli (~ 24 on each side of head) are arranged in four longitudinal rows (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DFDFC660FD42A9D8251A891E8D5F61FD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5B-D</figureCitation>
). The medial rows, which are not visible in ventral view, reach anterior margin of the cerebral ganglia. The lateral rows have fewer eyes, reach slightly posterior to the cephalic furrow and are visible in ventral view. When viewed from dorsal side appear to form two rows, because the two rows on each side of head are almost directly on top of each other. Cerebral organs small and inconspicuous, indiscernible even on squeeze preparations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC57D06DB9E0B747EDFDCB456677CAC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="9B2C657B38CB192018A33E72B21BB431" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="3CDD5EF8F262BCB3827F028AB913FA7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Rhynchocoel and proboscis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Rhynchocoel does not exceed 1/3 of body length. The proboscis is translucent, with two distinctive regions separated by a stylet bulb. The anterior region is much shorter than the posterior, and the bulb has a length to width ratio of ~ 1. The proboscis is armed with a single central stylet and a pair of lateral pouches holding two accessory stylets each. The shaft of the stylet is straight, sculpted with spiral grooves (Fig.
<figureCitation id="27A5F37C75A1DEE9409F758ABF397FC0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5E, F</figureCitation>
). The basis is rod-shaped with an approximate ratio of 1:4 width to length, characteristically bilobed posteriorly in larger individuals (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7B317C1A43AC4756D4EBFA3F99637C35" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5E</figureCitation>
). Two individuals with much smaller stylets (possibly, due to younger age or regeneration of proboscis) were observed to have a basis posteriorly rounded rather than bilobed (Fig.
<figureCitation id="45BED7D1941A1E9245FB71A1FFDB5FCA" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tetranemertes majinbuui sp. nov. A external appearance in life of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 B-D Close ups of head of a living individual CBdT 0058, showing eyes and cephalic furrow (arrowheads) in lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view. Note the cephalic furrow is on the ventral side, but shows through due to transparency of the body at the anterior end D Head compressed under a coverglass to show number and distribution of eyes E stylet armature of individual CB 056 _ 18 _ 01 with a typical posteriorly bilobed basis F stylet armature of individual CBdT 0058 with a less typical basis (not bilobed or forked posteriorly). Note helical sculpting of stylet shaft. Abbreviations: cg - cerebral ganglion, co - cerebral organ. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B-D); 25 μm (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/916925" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">5F</figureCitation>
). Stylet to basis length ratio is ~ 1:1 (
<emphasis id="B684486775AF8EAD81827BB45A375658" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">n</emphasis>
= 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E396112DC375ABC5AF9795EEC9A68342" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="AB8FF54AB2711A05E352169C0702345C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="25B4F0B350588597E389D5C242359F3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Reproduction</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
No data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05672BDB27FC48579CA90D6D90CE376B" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="501E37B86464884F2AF39C73A1CA4F27" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C72414C937C5B145529B60185CF27F7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Free living, benthic marine worms inhabiting coral rubble at shallow depths (1-7 m). Can be found stretching between nooks and crannies of the substratum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E06513FFBF6AE8A989CA1CCC4B4810" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BF786E5A9CA3145DACC232162E8B71E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECEF3F08B5A95D4679B8A235597A03C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">
Bocas del Toro,
<normalizedToken id="A096A61080375FC3B5361C9D9D41D0F6" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
; Puerto Rico, USA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47285D7B3044CB80EA0B08C1A3BC024F" pageId="0" pageNumber="167" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="506FE6C0F516DC1F5E6DC8F76577C8DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB62E6E43924F5889BBA9F0FBFB2834E" pageId="0" pageNumber="167">The species is named after Majin Buu, a male (as far as we can tell) character in the anime Dragon Ball Z, due to its resemblance in color, presence of black dots at the anterior end, and behavior-dependent variability in body width.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>