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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.964.56131" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e79276ad-ace3-4b5c-80c1-4de8eb538f94" ID-PMC="PMC7471132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-964-41" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AD868180312D5E619A53A44ADB469376" ID-PubMed="32939147" ID-ZooBank="C84F8638516940069E642CF6F560F4EE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-964-41" checkinTime="1598623652373" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shaw, Scott R., Shimbori, Eduardo M. &amp; Penteado-Dias, Angelica M." docDate="2020" docId="3E902BB2EE565BA3A1C35290E7D16301" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 964: 41-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 964" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.964.56131" docTitle="Aleiodes bahiensis Shimbori &amp; Shaw 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="078FA6CA-5C55-443F-A0E6-7A5471AEA860" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="AD868180312D5E619A53A44ADB469376" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="AD868180312D5E619A53A44ADB469376" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Aleiodes bakeri (Brues) species subgroup of the A. seriatus species group with the descriptions of 18 new species from the Neotropical Region" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668169423903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the Aleiodes bakeri (Brues) species subgroup of the A. seriatus species group with the descriptions of 18 new species from the Neotropical Region</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shaw, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 - 3354, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>ESALQ / USP, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia - LEA, Avenida Padua Dias, 11 Piracicaba / SP, CEP 13418 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-2591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shimbori@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Penteado-Dias, Angelica M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, CEP 13 565 - 905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>964</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7019492" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167407715" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7019492" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:078FA6CA-5C55-443F-A0E6-7A5471AEA860" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E902BB2EE565BA3A1C35290E7D16301" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName LSID="3E902BB2-EE56-5BA3-A1C3-5290E7D16301" authority="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes bahiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis" status="sp. nov.">Aleiodes bahiensis Shimbori &amp; Shaw</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="41">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 18 - 20. Aleiodes bahiensis sp. nov. 18 Lateral habitus 19 wings 20 head, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.964.56131.figures18-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/446871" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Figs 18-20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Holotype, female (CNCI) &quot;BRAZIL: Bahia, Encruzilhada, XI.1972 M. Alvarenga.&quot;</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Paratype, female (CNCI), same as holotype.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Body length 6.2-6.4 mm. Fore wing length 5.0-5.3 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Head.</emphasis>
In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.0-5.0. Eye height/head width 0.43-0.45. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.3-1.4. OD/POL 2.8-3.2. OD/OOL 3.2-3.3. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete and nearly straight. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.36-0.37. Malar space/eye height 0.2. Face height/width 0.70-0.75. Clypeus height/width 0.70-0.75. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate around median crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Antenna.</emphasis>
Antennal segments 48-49. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 1.7-1.8. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7-1.8. Tip of apical segment of antenna nipple-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Length/height ~ 1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.65. Mesoscutum length/width 1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.9-1.0. Prescutellar sulcus with five distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus. Pit at ventral mid-line weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum granulate ventrally, pronotal groove mostly crenulate, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Wings.</emphasis>
Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.5. Vein r/2RS 1.1-1.2. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.5. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.5-1.8. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.75-0.80. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.34-0.42. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.85-0.90. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.9. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma weakly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A nearly straight. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell mostly evenly setose, sparsely setose posteriorly. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.5-1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.3. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly, rather sparsely setose, posteriorly with small bare area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Hind legs.</emphasis>
Femur length/width 4.7-5.5. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2-4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Metasoma.</emphasis>
T1 length/apical width 1.2-1.3. T2 length/apical width ~ 0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus ~ 0.4. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Color.</emphasis>
Entirely yellowish brown, except for stemmaticum black. Wings weakly tinged brownish yellow; veins and stigma yellow except 1M, 1CUa, apex of 1-1A, r, 2RS, 3RS, 2M and part of 2CUb brown; faintly infuscate areas around veins 1M, r and 2CUa, and bellow apex of vein 1-1A.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes bahiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Aleiodes bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hyalinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">A. hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. santarosensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="santarosensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">A. santarosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These three species have the antenna entirely yellow (as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 18 - 20. Aleiodes bahiensis sp. nov. 18 Lateral habitus 19 wings 20 head, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.964.56131.figures18-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/446871" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">18</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes hyalinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Aleiodes hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished by its entirely clear wings and evenly brown wing venation, while both
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bahiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">A. bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. santarosensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="santarosensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">A. santarosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share similar wing markings: veins 1M, 1CUa, and part of 2CUb dark brown, darker than remaining veins, and the wing membrane around these veins, and below vein 1-1A apically, is weakly to distinctly infuscate (as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 18 - 20. Aleiodes bahiensis sp. nov. 18 Lateral habitus 19 wings 20 head, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.964.56131.figures18-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/446871" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">19</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes bahiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Aleiodes bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. santarosensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="santarosensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">A. santarosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having entirely yellow legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 18 - 20. Aleiodes bahiensis sp. nov. 18 Lateral habitus 19 wings 20 head, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.964.56131.figures18-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/446871" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">18</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. santarosensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="santarosensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">A. santarosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the legs have tarsomeres 1-4 and at least the base of the tibia whitish yellow, contrasting with a brownish orange femur.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.964.56131.figures18-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/446871" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" start="Figures 18–20" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Figures 18-20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes bahiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Aleiodes bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">18</emphasis>
Lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">19</emphasis>
wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">20</emphasis>
head, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Known only from the type-locality in Bahia, Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
The name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bahiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to Bahia State in northeastern Brazil, the type-locality of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="D9234AC23015510345CA30962BFC2A33" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="3F9B5F3D56F958BB07B82653F71B2422" ID-CoL="4PS3X" authority="Mercet, 1921" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyllaephagus lusitanicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">Psyllaephagus lusitanicus (Mercet, 1921)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="593412F3D0213CC0DA287DAF5E50DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2AAD87A092986A914B653F72A522C6D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="5F2E5696A28823C12933937FC9B29692" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copidosoma lusitanicum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanicum">Copidosoma lusitanicum</taxonomicName>
Mercet, 1921
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F6C266C4C5A9CA66D3E4B849A007C103" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="FB02724C5FC2BB734FA83A35A1651DCD" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea cocci" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="cocci">cocci</taxonomicName>
Alam, 1957
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F481ED3CF7F97216026636E5517331A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="68441FCCE671E99C0D867C46A1319663" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea vendicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="vendicus">vendicus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="56905C843E696A04A73F0D8C8664E7CF" originalValue="Erdös">Erdoes</normalizedToken>
, 1961,
<taxonomicName id="BE40E8FB8BD8712E7FA971AB399F1AAB" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Calluniphilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calluniphilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calluniphilus</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80FFDFC421EA04EE03989CFBCE32596F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="81E1A67114B89F9C62AAE327E64DC2AD" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea albopilosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="albopilosus">albopilosus</taxonomicName>
(Hoffer, 1963,
<taxonomicName id="60E472162621D763F71F816941CAE3B0" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ooencyrtus</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0F49E879809D212E84529423F855A2CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6049DAE4F1CBE3185BF2E22F4C4481BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4512BD0F6D0092A9408B25C39BAE38D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England, Wales</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

209
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<subSubSection id="2A2F7D59CBB380830C4ABEC0E4092401" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="2EAD4743DF9CE626CBF32A9F89CC28A5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taxon classification Animalia Alcyonacea Plexauridae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADE169EB4F1D30A4C84FC059757C20F8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CA95A526E6A2F5475F387543BE71C7D8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="AB273A98EFCE6F05FD8247072F1CD7C1" ID-CoL="8N332" authority="Verrill, 1866" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1866" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata Verrill, 1866</taxonomicName>
Figures 10, 11
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B90A7C5434F251A34E616753FAD4EBE6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2E7337D078E237CEAC492E51504DD382" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="0D2E184C020E40303AB59026F6CEA292" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
<pageBreakToken id="4F1562674FB4E7646140CFA27297469A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Muricea</pageBreakToken>
echinata
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1866: 328 (pars.);
<bibRefCitation id="2F3FFBE2AA78275005DC30207734A773" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="418 - 518" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, Number 6: Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." volume="1" year="1869">Verrill 1869</bibRefCitation>
: 426-427;
<bibRefCitation id="C3D8FB4A53B11842A9993633CB0C0518" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 99" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 946" title="Gorgonaria." volume="13" year="1919">
<normalizedToken id="644D44B190A75CC0F2DB9335820D8AAB" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 752;
<bibRefCitation id="EC39F3D082A7172E2E2B9576D828F5B0" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich" year="1924">
<normalizedToken id="93FBFC532BF33D651BAD9755D18A0708" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 143;
<bibRefCitation id="021D5AC6A8C95CBAEECCB6CD22DB7BEF" author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="325 - 422" title="Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLVII. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay together with a description of one species from the Galapagos Islands and one from Trinidad." volume="85" year="1928">Hickson 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 361-363.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0E5942AFCAB5194D61E5A51EE11A373" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="730EF63ED46A6ADE239361227AC3059C" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata var. flabellum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="echinata" variety="flabellum">Muricea echinata var. flabellum</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1869: 427-428;
<bibRefCitation id="EA2EED8E039DD849DC2E2AE63BC83C05" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 99" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 946" title="Gorgonaria." volume="13" year="1919">
<normalizedToken id="FC7B4EE451DE0D3A6AF3E0940CFEA7D4" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 752;
<bibRefCitation id="BC495528F0919ADA593F38A11DBD3BEA" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich" year="1924">
<normalizedToken id="5B784036B2A9603A00641ADD19A33E55" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 143.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BF46EE778CA2CAABDA87B5AFE33E413" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="030832399524F21ECFEBA8CF279B1138" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
not
<taxonomicName id="07B11F757B551442C170AA33467B46C4" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Eunicea echinata</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1855: 13 (nom. nud.);
<bibRefCitation id="857DAE7BE19F3EE11FC8575ECDDBC8B7" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich" year="1924">
<normalizedToken id="B73E272C5BF2C92C87EF82D70D1CFB10" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 123.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="082BC5691164D90CE3D647C4ABC1192F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="BC86B8DD79F280F08993AA13C0743AA9" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
not
<taxonomicName id="718111FA81D542C22CE1872FC8280EE8" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1857: 143
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A42018CAA57A6444ECF32D9CB8C73ADD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6E3E881B4A95661A12905415E4EEB3C6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6A912122FA5E5BCC9EED0860E465A87" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="45BA0B33D2C1B433DBD5BFD1E735AB79" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: YPM1565d, dry, Pearl Islands,
<normalizedToken id="B8D77AB8A6E662199B87FBFE8A6AC29D" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
, F.H. Bradley, 1866.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42A0574B7B8111D013A7DB1DF57A20F8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="C79E8EB51CE89B07F9166CD73EACEA22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<normalizedToken id="AC276D4F0DB5D5A19BB6F6EB303D4966" originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
: MCZ 67511, YPM 560 a-f, YPM 1565a,c-h, dry, Pearl Islands, F.H. Bradley, 1866.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3D633961CCB4634D9171CFFF529B0C18" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8E97189DF118C6FE599D92B0F49D96C5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken id="847FB8A285CFBD41E9AC94F4E4B0D627" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDC7C2EB199FB2F8F31FBCD88992A91B" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The lectotype is a colony 8.5 cm long and 7 cm wide, branching lateral and irregular and spreading in almost one plane (Fig. 10A). The main stem is 15 mm tall and 8 mm in diameter, it subdivides in three secondary branches, 5-7 mm in diameter, and then subdivides up to 6 times in an irregular manner producing subordinate branches, no more than 15 mm apart, at angles 35°-90°. These branches are of the same diameter, or thinner at the base and little thicker toward the tips, which are wide and clavate. The secondary branches are mostly crooked and curved upwards. About 1 cm oval portion of the holdfast remains. No anastomosis occurs. Unbranched terminal ends are 5-7 mm in diameter and 6-30 mm long. Axes are amber at the tips and darker at the base. Calyces are all around the branches, around 0.5 mm apart, not
<pageBreakToken id="F076CA49653337AD8AC418C27CAE66B0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">imbricate</pageBreakToken>
(Fig. 10B). They are prominent, up to 3 mm long, and 1-2 mm wide at the base, covered with large spindles with sharp ends, some of them project from the outer side (abaxial) elongating the lower border. The calyx size and spacing vary from the larger branches to the thinner, being larger and acute, and closer arranged at the upper branches and shorter and more distant at the lower or main branches. Polyps are small, on the upper (adaxial) side of the calyces. Coenenchyme is thin, outer coenenchyme is composed basically by the calyx sclerites, they are orange and light brown, the larger are darker (Fig. 10
<normalizedToken id="40AD1B51587D44EDD0D1F60C7BBA5E26" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
). The outer coenenchymal and calycular spindles are of diverse shapes, unilateral spinous, spinulose on the outer surface and tuberculate on the inner, with conspicuous forms with bifurcated ends or cuspidate prolongations. These spindles are 1.55-2.4 mm long and 0.20-0.32 mm wide (Fig. 11A). Furthermore modified prickly-spindles are present, 0.35-0.6 mm long and 0.1-0.22 mm wide, with lateral thorny processes (Fig. 11B) and some with bifurcated ends. The axial sheath is composed of small, light brown warty spindles, 0.3-0.53 mm long and 0.09-0.13 mm wide (Figs 10D, 11C). Anthocodial sclerites are light brown rods and whitish-
<pageBreakToken id="E80189BC9C680586EF3E891138F5FAFC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">branched</pageBreakToken>
spindles (Fig. 11D), 0.07-0.2 mm long and 0.025-0.05 mm wide. They are longitudinally arranged at the base of the tentacles.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F081CF16DAF02D3C3D3149FD6D992476" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="E0118A574D606F18C20CF6B8B5AFFAD5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="2F4FBADCF7A709F0DE7EDEDBB5AB286D" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1866. YPM 1565d. A Colony B Detail of branches
<normalizedToken id="7EC28775544DD17BC39D883BAC086F37" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
Sclerites, light micrographs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4541E54C6CE5368D16336E9BF3283AB7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="58D7BA7453B59EB54E3F5866A1EA3A42" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName id="A81D85B08CC204717C701766AEF65281" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1866. YPM 1565d.
<normalizedToken id="D6CDA11F79C133781BE7A24B03C5F470" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
Calycular and coenenchymal sclerites C Axial sheath sclerites D Anthocodial sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="13B853F5A667DE6A44EBE7D1352C3E36" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colour of the colony is reddish brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79C6BFAAD2F1D92BE32B25AF6AB2CB38" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="variability">
<paragraph id="291417B9934D74C3BD7BE86FCB7E1FAB" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A0E0A34B3F1C785FBDF6DF17CCEBE65" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The examined colonies are up to 10 cm tall and up to 14 cm wide, branching irregular, spreading in almost one plane. Calyces can be up to 3.5 mm long. Colour of the colonies varies to a deeper orange hue.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D698500B46681B8726EF8617C6DE5DA4" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="2267602520E26ED1C095F8A47A024427" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60745E458912A79BDA7E5B5D079F56C7" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="769CBEA6AB8385845B22F16B100CFF95" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
was erroneously mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="CB57E4A9BC823194A660CADBDDFB35CF" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="323 - 357" title="On the polyps and corals from Panama with descriptions of new species." volume="10" year="1866">Verrill (1866)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="1072401E676F64501B9A1F720B486635" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1855 (which was originally
<taxonomicName id="8077DFDDEDF7859C7875DD293BC2E2C8" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Eunicea echinata</taxonomicName>
), with a minimal description. Later
<bibRefCitation id="AA9AC2B52BDD274E745CAF01A599C20D" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="418 - 518" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, Number 6: Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." volume="1" year="1869">Verrill (1869)</bibRefCitation>
re-described the species with specimens from Pearl Islands,
<normalizedToken id="121D8966D5A83FD50BD4B7F1997FBB70" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
. We searched for the
<taxonomicName id="FB6D92810A4A6E91F276BAF2F0A9D4ED" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
type in the MNHN where
<normalizedToken id="23A3ADA7CCD776289807C6DF8CE058B9" originalValue="Valenciennes’">Valenciennes'</normalizedToken>
specimens are kept, and found two specimens labeled as
<taxonomicName id="83609885C86D0634C961AD3C348B8D99" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
: one, in the dry collection collected by Duchassaing in 1851 (that is the only information available), but only the wooden base of the specimen is left (S. Cairns pers. comm.); and the other collected by Agassiz in 1863, in the wet collection. None of these
<pageBreakToken id="C4D032CC314B7F964FFC7DD533A642DD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">specimens</pageBreakToken>
could have been Valenciennes species because Duchassaing collections of
<taxonomicName id="C1E8339784644A3C3DD41F6D97BC4C0F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eunicea</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1D858A75542931EFEC0BBB5FA9F7E7D0" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricea</taxonomicName>
species were from the Atlantic. Moreover, the wet specimen was collected after the species was named. Besides, there is no reference that could corroborate that Verrill analysed any of
<normalizedToken id="DD45AF54FF5FD989634231D5304B534D" originalValue="Valenciennes’">Valenciennes'</normalizedToken>
specimens. We conclude that
<taxonomicName id="8737F4330DAF8FC4875236517FCCB0F3" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea (Muricea) echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata" subGenus="Muricea">Eunicea (Muricea) echinata</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes was a nomen nudum or an inexistent species. Consequently, Verrill was the author of the species, producing the first description. Many different specimens have been assigned to this species in museum collections because its status was not clearly defined. We designate the specimen YPM 1565d as the lectotype to establish the taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="6A229ABB6EAAD489E4CED585BDD2886D" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">Muricea echinata</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="4F96B7EC56D759904EA4119C3611215D" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="418 - 518" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, Number 6: Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." volume="1" year="1869">Verrill (1869)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="8F8AB9E86A66CDE3FECF0DC6E79F9589" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea echinata var. flabellum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="echinata" variety="flabellum">Muricea echinata var. flabellum</taxonomicName>
based on colonies with more branches, but in any other aspect this variety was consistent with the typical form. Therefore we consider it a synonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E59FD168BF8CE90192A94F1C330C41AE" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A870EE73DF4A5E36C70E9768E61C3554" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Other material revised.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D26BF09F7203A0AE95718CA33B5D31F5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
COSTA RICA: USNM 44213, dry, Golfo de Nicoya, M Valerio, 20 February 1931.
<normalizedToken id="4359CDBC9643E274C85C0331D226797B" originalValue="MÉXICO">MEXICO</normalizedToken>
: USNM 42132, dry, Baja California, La Paz Bay, AL Herrera, 27 November 1919; USNM 57094, dry, Nayarit, West of Tepic, CR Orcutt, 30 August 1922.
<normalizedToken id="0958979BA891F0B49DD82BBFA603321F" originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
: BM 1946.1.14.47; BM 1946.14.46; BM 30.6.17.17, dry, rock pools, low water mark, off Balboa, C. Crossland, 1914-1916. MNHN no catalogue number, ethanol preserved, M. Agassiz, 1863.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>