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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="3E844C9E3F5519CE5F6776CCB905F9AE" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Damaliscus Sclater and Thomas 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="676" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="676" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9E611D94D4F30D6C013AC0612A979CF0">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="70A70FB838646733EC7381F897093CE6">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="58AE3C850B963A59FABAA196D4242CFC" ID-CoL="3ZMY" authority="Sclater and Thomas 1894" authorityName="Sclater and Thomas" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CBE997E5E8E8EB1C0D74CA6EE63D797" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus</emphasis>
Sclater and Thomas 1894
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<subSubSection id="52939622CD56C1B87CD2190844F4DE41" pageNumber="676" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C0B06CE6E0F5DEB8932B710B384036FC" pageNumber="676">
<treatmentCitation id="78168790F21341BBB24FBD569C06478A" author="Sclater and Thomas" authority="Sclater and Thomas 1894" authorityName="Sclater and Thomas" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" issue="part 1" journal="Book of Antelopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="3" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Damaliscus" volume="1" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="151DABB93C86370F8C79E2962FE50AFC" ID-CoL="3ZMY" authority="Sclater and Thomas 1894" authorityName="Sclater and Thomas" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CEBF6B0EB0A478469F1E4175DCD538A6" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08C534F3FC0B204DF72F16770A2B58DE" author="Sclater, P. L. &amp; O. Thomas" refId="ref322239" refString="Sclater, P. L., and O. Thomas. 1894 - 1900. The book of antelopes. R. H. Porter, London, 1: 1 - 220 [1894 - 1895]; 2: 1 - 194 [1896 - 1897]; 3: 1 - 245 [1897 - 1898]; 4: 1 - 242 [1899 - 1900]." year="1894">Sclater and Thomas 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="8F08B1D29FBDD307FD1241E0DC08C7F3" author="Sclater and Thomas" issue="part 1" journal="Book of Antelopes" pageNumber="676" pagination="3" title="Damaliscus" volume="1" year="1894">Book of Antelopes, 1 (part 1): 3</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7B7A905E2D91C49900653C1EC8FC5C9" pageNumber="676" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="74DEC3DA66167295EBD7C55F90314B40" pageNumber="676">
<emphasis id="AD9B929E56260352F13452FE15723ED6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="676">Type Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8448BB7ED947FBB1D5AB82CFC8513DE" authority="Pallas 1767" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygargus">
<emphasis id="803547433E6B65883D5206C60316E544" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Antilope pygargus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0520B13B79C07A15F269AEB62AE2870" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271533" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1767 - 1780. Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimus et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P. S. Pallas. [fasc. 1 imprint 1767; fasc. 11 - 12 imprint 1777 - 78; fasc. 13 imprint 1779; fasc. 14 imprint 1780]. Berolini, prostant apud Gottl. August. Langed, 14 fasc in 2 volumes." year="1767">Pallas 1767</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1743BA9AA5C8623D35FCAB029E2A952" pageNumber="676" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="3D0241962D1F583C21A082A0A5602DDC" pageNumber="676">
<emphasis id="CADDACFCD9D98C1B6908A6F19110C0DB" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="676">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
4 species with 5 subspecies:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD7850DF6DE44C0D201648D2EB0E2B4D" pageNumber="676">
Species
<taxonomicName id="00BEC32692FA739FF40CAF826D92B968" authority="(Ogilby 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="korrigum">
<emphasis id="141103EAE97A9B9D388601E784F1FE8A" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus korrigum</emphasis>
(Ogilby 1836)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E06802292BF977C3CB38D9E819DF1336" pageNumber="676">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="FC308B84F76D16EA2127531176186675" authority="Ogilby 1836" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="korrigum" subSpecies="korrigum">
<emphasis id="23A2ED654038DDE000D0BC52BD14C144" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus korrigum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="583E51698C31BEFCDBD4F43DDAB0E4D3" italics="true" pageNumber="676">korrigum</emphasis>
Ogilby 1836
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4AA2ECAB0DAE00065B571D4CBF5A77CB" pageNumber="676">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="E357BD34F270EE14B48B786281661196" authority="Matschie 1892" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="korrigum" subSpecies="jimela">
<emphasis id="1C566D3B930A0569E8C5CED6E8A01F19" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus korrigum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="F367BF6A44AB838B9478D12D50E58426" italics="true" pageNumber="676">jimela</emphasis>
Matschie 1892
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDE682519AD03AB467AFA5C623950CBB" pageNumber="676">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B01AC591AEE152DD83B34BA458526A5F" authority="Blaine 1914" authorityName="Blaine" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="korrigum" subSpecies="topi">
<emphasis id="C7D9B5613B52E04E93DECE93E8495E4B" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus korrigum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3AE94F70AB2361DF948FB3B3541958C8" italics="true" pageNumber="676">topi</emphasis>
Blaine 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5476A04B8B8C55B60C701745C5E9EE9D" pageNumber="676">
Species
<taxonomicName id="5867BE5895ED615416CC5CFF274EED80" authority="(Burchell 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunatus">
<emphasis id="7070B67F8DEF0EF23C76E3A11CA72234" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus lunatus</emphasis>
(Burchell 1824)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87AA5AD9D404D6AE7E991681BA96D62D" pageNumber="676">
Species
<taxonomicName id="20FDE12794C130AC5ED5AB151FBED4F4" authority="(Pallas 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygargus">
<emphasis id="89DEC43EE33EB057BAAAE844E56BFBF1" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus pygargus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9AF277B72D145CBBB9A4277E13F36432" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271533" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1767 - 1780. Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimus et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P. S. Pallas. [fasc. 1 imprint 1767; fasc. 11 - 12 imprint 1777 - 78; fasc. 13 imprint 1779; fasc. 14 imprint 1780]. Berolini, prostant apud Gottl. August. Langed, 14 fasc in 2 volumes." year="1767">Pallas 1767</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A123D9E08DE872AF7858CB913F9B8BE7" pageNumber="676">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="8B5C7CF61D9C08D82B39051B3D636AED" authority="Pallas 1767" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pygargus" subSpecies="pygargus">
<emphasis id="14F8556430E15DC69B0763B9203DB66E" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus pygargus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="09FA444B783BD1CDA26DB14264CD3136" italics="true" pageNumber="676">pygargus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0769E7A4CA6AECE4ECF171EDD10C451E" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271533" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1767 - 1780. Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimus et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P. S. Pallas. [fasc. 1 imprint 1767; fasc. 11 - 12 imprint 1777 - 78; fasc. 13 imprint 1779; fasc. 14 imprint 1780]. Berolini, prostant apud Gottl. August. Langed, 14 fasc in 2 volumes." year="1767">Pallas 1767</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="778F83D8AF89CF4695B0D875F7953950" pageNumber="676">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="8A8DA6ABF72DAB1CF18626664ED3BF59" authority="Harper 1939" authorityName="Harper" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pygargus" subSpecies="phillipsi">
<emphasis id="20D96B078B1BF1F7FEB30BD5DA2AC338" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus pygargus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="2F41BA3308DA49E939C978C3841ABF3E" italics="true" pageNumber="676">phillipsi</emphasis>
Harper 1939
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46B91330D486B16058FF3CEA33D2D948" pageNumber="676">
Species
<taxonomicName id="CA73193EA75791225E4A9C707E3B2107" authority="Cotterill 2003" authorityName="Cotterill" authorityYear="2003" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Damaliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B988A4D9AC7221BC8A556F58AE9232DD" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Damaliscus superstes</emphasis>
Cotterill 2003
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="070934592CD03131FEAE1FF7B9D03DD7" pageNumber="676" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0ADDDD91011E1A089C082525D1A1D4AF" pageNumber="676">
<emphasis id="B59C6985149CC5A4406E44F981063BA2" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="676">Discussion:</emphasis>
Placed in
<taxonomicName id="141F528290F86C3F489F24F8EC24658D" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Alcelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="379D80AACB29AD296F405FB4A994683D" italics="true" pageNumber="676">Alcelaphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="63604ADAD0909D9F60F4E5E695815E57" author="Van Gelder, R. G." refId="ref366220" refString="Van Gelder, R. G. 1977 b. Mammalian hybrids and generic limits. American Museum Novitates, 2635: 1 - 25." year="1977">
<collectingRegion id="7CD7E9B9ACD45DE7F536455FC8B50ADC" country="Turkey" name="Van">Van</collectingRegion>
Gelder (1977
<emphasis id="5CE69C51749B2771F42C23F4F357AC76" italics="true" pageNumber="676">b</emphasis>
:18)
</bibRefCitation>
; but see also
<bibRefCitation id="FE1A40496FDB7126388F98D5525D8890" author="Vrba, E. S." refId="ref379014" refString="Vrba, E. S. 1979. Phylogenetic analysis and classification of fossil and recent Alcelaphini. Mammalia: Bovidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 11: 207 - 228." year="1979">Vrba (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="AD62BBDC391685D52EB42738AC143209" author="Gentry, A. W." refId="ref118099" refString="Gentry, A. W. 1990. Evolution and dispersal of African Bovidae. Pp. 195 - 227, in Horns, pronghorns, and antlers (G. A. Bubenik and A. B. Bubenik, eds). Springer-Verlag, New York, 562 pp." year="1990">Gentry (1990)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d970a950-4644-48e6-a59e-d59c433ce17a" ID-PMC="PMC8674216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1076-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D6FF9A9E3B91539D9E38E398FF6A1EA7" ID-PubMed="34975273" ID-ZooBank="5E314298BAB54161B96F2ACE02EB390F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1076-43" checkinTime="1639023523551" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2021" docId="3E844FCDBFA85A07818FB8BB626947DF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1076: 43-65" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1076" docPubDate="2021-12-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576" docTitle="Cryptosemelus tigrinus Pholyotha 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="98028C74-C2C5-4464-AE95-23FD93F25846" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="D6FF9A9E3B91539D9E38E398FF6A1EA7" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="D6FF9A9E3B91539D9E38E398FF6A1EA7" masterDocTitle="Rediscovering the dancing semislug genus Cryptosemelus Collinge, 1902 (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae) from Thailand with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668151223428" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Rediscovering the dancing semislug genus Cryptosemelus Collinge, 1902 (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae) from Thailand with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand &amp; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/98028C74-C2C5-4464-AE95-23FD93F25846" authority="Pholyotha" authorityName="Pholyotha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus tigrinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigrinus" status="sp. nov.">Cryptosemelus tigrinus Pholyotha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="43">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Geographic distribution and living animals of Cryptosemelus gracilis, C. betarmon sp. nov., and C. tigrinus sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein. All not to scale. Black symbols indicate type locality and white symbols indicate other localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620563" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Shells A, B Cryptosemelus gracilis specimen CUMZ 7954 C, D C. betarmon sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7959, and D paratype CUMZ 7960 E, F C. tigrinus sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7955, and F paratype CUMZ 7956." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620565" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 3E, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spermatophore of Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A general view of the spermatophore B-D SEM images B head filament without spine C branching spines on the unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament, and D tail filament showing branching spines; inset showing cross section of tail filament. Red arrow indicates position of cross section of tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620571" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Representative SEM images of the radula A Cryptosemelus gracilis specimen CUMZ 7954 B C. betarmon sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7960, and C C. tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; blue color indicates central tooth row; yellow color indicates the transition of outer lateral to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620572" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 10C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
CUMZ 7955 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Shells A, B Cryptosemelus gracilis specimen CUMZ 7954 C, D C. betarmon sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7959, and D paratype CUMZ 7960 E, F C. tigrinus sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7955, and F paratype CUMZ 7956." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620565" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">3E</figureCitation>
; width 10.7 mm, height 7.6 mm).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Same locality as holotype: CUMZ 7956 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Shells A, B Cryptosemelus gracilis specimen CUMZ 7954 C, D C. betarmon sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7959, and D paratype CUMZ 7960 E, F C. tigrinus sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7955, and F paratype CUMZ 7956." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620565" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">3F</figureCitation>
; width 9.8 mm, height 6.8 mm), NHMUK (two shells), and ZRC (two shells). Limestone outcrops at Wat Suwan Khuha, Takua Thung District, Phang-Nga Province, Thailand (
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.416667">8°25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="98.46667">98°28'E</geoCoordinate>
): CUMZ 7957. Limestone outcrops at Wat Tham Bang Toei, Mueang District, Phang-Nga Province, Thailand (
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.45">8°27'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="98.566666">98°34'E</geoCoordinate>
): CUMZ 7958.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Limestone outcrop at Tham Phung Chang, Mueang District, Phang-Nga Province, Thailand (
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.433333">8°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="98.5">98°30'E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Shell globose, pale yellowish. Animal with brownish body, shell lobes pale yellowish-orange and flanked with irregular black bands. Genitalia with long penis and vagina and epiphallus with granulated surface near vas deferens; penial caecum and penial verge present. Inner sculpture of penis: proximal part with one thickened longitudinal fold; distal part with irregular folds. Spermatophore with smooth head filament and long tail filament with several delicate, branching spines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Shell</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Shells A, B Cryptosemelus gracilis specimen CUMZ 7954 C, D C. betarmon sp. nov. C holotype CUMZ 7959, and D paratype CUMZ 7960 E, F C. tigrinus sp. nov. E holotype CUMZ 7955, and F paratype CUMZ 7956." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620565" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">3E, F</figureCitation>
). Shell globose, medium-sized (width up to 10.7 mm, height up to 7.6 mm), thin, smooth, polished, pale yellowish with an olive tinge. Whorls 4-
<normalizedToken originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
, rapidly increasing; last whorl large and rounded at periphery. Spire elevated; suture little impressed. Aperture oblique, diagonal, roundly ovate; peristome thin, simple. Columellar margin simple. Umbilicus imperforate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Genital organs</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8B-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spermatophore of Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A general view of the spermatophore B-D SEM images B head filament without spine C branching spines on the unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament, and D tail filament showing branching spines; inset showing cross section of tail filament. Red arrow indicates position of cross section of tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620571" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">9</figureCitation>
). Atrium (at) short. Penis (p) moderately long, cylindrical with thin penial sheath (ps) covering nearly half of its length; penial caecum (pc) small. Internal wall of penis: proximal part covered with very thin longitudinal folds and one thickened longitudinal fold; distal part with irregularly zigzag folds surrounding the penial verge. Penial verge (pv) elongate ovate shape and smooth surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8C</figureCitation>
). Epiphallus (e1+e2) equal to penis length; e1 slightly shorter than e2 and cylindrical; proximal e2 cylindrical and smooth surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8B</figureCitation>
); distal e2 cylindrical with prominently granulated surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8D</figureCitation>
). Penial retractor muscle (prm) thick, enlarged at base and attached at junction between e1 and e2. Vas deferens (vd) thin tube connected between distal epiphallus and free oviduct (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus tigrinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cryptosemelus tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B-D</emphasis>
genitalia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
general view of the genital system
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
internal structure of the penis, and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
external structure of epiphallus (e2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Vagina (v) long, slender, and approximately half of penis length. Gametolytic sac (gs) bulbous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8B</figureCitation>
with spermatophore); gametolytic duct (gd) somewhat enlarged and cylindrical. Free oviduct (fo) cylindrical, about half of penis length, and encircled with thick tissue in middle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Spermatophore long and twisted cylindrical tube (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spermatophore of Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A general view of the spermatophore B-D SEM images B head filament without spine C branching spines on the unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament, and D tail filament showing branching spines; inset showing cross section of tail filament. Red arrow indicates position of cross section of tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620571" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">9</figureCitation>
). Head filament (hf) elongate tube with smooth surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spermatophore of Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A general view of the spermatophore B-D SEM images B head filament without spine C branching spines on the unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament, and D tail filament showing branching spines; inset showing cross section of tail filament. Red arrow indicates position of cross section of tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620571" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">9B</figureCitation>
). Sperm sac (ss) enlarged, elongate ovate with unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament. Tail filament (tf) very long and enlarged tube with series of long and delicate branching spines arranged in a row, and then near the tip having multiple rows of short branching spines (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spermatophore of Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A general view of the spermatophore B-D SEM images B head filament without spine C branching spines on the unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament, and D tail filament showing branching spines; inset showing cross section of tail filament. Red arrow indicates position of cross section of tail filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620571" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">9C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620571" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Spermatophore of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus tigrinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cryptosemelus tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
general view of the spermatophore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B-D</emphasis>
SEM images
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
head filament without spine
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
branching spines on the unclear boundary between sperm sac and tail filament, and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
tail filament showing branching spines; inset showing cross section of tail filament. Red arrow indicates position of cross section of tail filament.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Radula</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Representative SEM images of the radula A Cryptosemelus gracilis specimen CUMZ 7954 B C. betarmon sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7960, and C C. tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; blue color indicates central tooth row; yellow color indicates the transition of outer lateral to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620572" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">10C</figureCitation>
). Teeth arrangement and shape similar to those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Teeth with half row formula: 1-(38-39)-44 teeth. Central tooth square base-plate with symmetrical tricuspid. Inner lateral teeth square base-plate with asymmetrical tricuspid; outer lateral teeth with oblong to elongate teeth with tricuspid. Marginal teeth elongate bicuspid. Marginal teeth starting at about teeth numbers 38-39; outermost teeth shorter and smaller than inner teeth.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620572" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Representative SEM images of the radula
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Collinge" authorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus gracilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cryptosemelus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen CUMZ 7954
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. betarmon" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="betarmon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. betarmon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7960, and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956. Central tooth indicated by
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘C’">'C'</normalizedToken>
; blue color indicates central tooth row; yellow color indicates the transition of outer lateral to marginal teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">External appearance</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Geographic distribution and living animals of Cryptosemelus gracilis, C. betarmon sp. nov., and C. tigrinus sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein. All not to scale. Black symbols indicate type locality and white symbols indicate other localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620563" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cryptosemelus tigrinus sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7956 A both sides of animal showing four lobes of mantle B-D genitalia B general view of the genital system C internal structure of the penis, and D external structure of epiphallus (e 2). White arrow indicates the end of the penis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620570" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8A</figureCitation>
). Living animal with reticulated skin, pale to dark brownish body marked with prominent, oblique, dark brownish lines running downwards. Mantle extensions well-developed. Shell lobes pale yellowish-orange, painted with irregular black stripes, and enlarged to cover entire shell; right shell lobe (rsl) large (square shape in preserved specimen); left shell lobe (lsl) small (triangular shape in preserved specimen); left dorsal lobe (ldl) larger than right dorsal lobe (rdl). Foot sole divided into median and lateral planes. Caudal horn absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The specific name is a Latin word &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus tigrinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cryptosemelus tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, a noun in apposition referring to the dark stripes on shell lobes, which is similar to the color pattern of the tiger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution, habitat, and behavior observations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus tigrinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cryptosemelus tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be found on the limestone hills in Phang-Nga Province (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Geographic distribution and living animals of Cryptosemelus gracilis, C. betarmon sp. nov., and C. tigrinus sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein. All not to scale. Black symbols indicate type locality and white symbols indicate other localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75576.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620563" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">1</figureCitation>
). This new semislug species has a high activity level, and is abundant in moist weather conditions after rain. They were seen hanging, crawling, or slowly climbing on the wet surface of the limestone rocks, tree trunks, and limestone shrubs. This new species also has an escape behavior similar to the other congeners. Its predators are unknown, but the carnivorous slug
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Rathouisiidae" genus="Atopos" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atopos" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Atopos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Rathuisiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Rathuisiidae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Discartemon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discartemon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Discartemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Streptaxidae</taxonomicName>
) were sympatric with the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptosemelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptosemelus tigrinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cryptosemelus tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. betarmon" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="betarmon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. betarmon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having pale yellow-orange banded shell lobes and a well-developed penial verge, whereas
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. betarmon" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="betarmon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. betarmon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. have monochrome shell lobes and do not have a penial verge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>