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However, the trackways of a large dicynodont from the Middle Triassic named +Pentaoauropuo argentinae +make such posture questionable (Hunt +et al +.1993, + +Lagnaoui +et al. +2019 + +). This track is believed to have been left by a kannemeyerid dicynodont that was a sprawling limbed trackmaker with an abducted posture for the forelimbs and at least a semi-abducted posture for the hindlimbs (Abdelouahed +et al +. 2019). Sulej and Niedźwiedzki (2019) proposed that the giant + +Lioosicia bojani + +had also adducted its forelimbs. This has also been discussed for pelycosaur tracks, which have a much more narrow gauge than the skeleton would seem to indicate. Twisting of the body and/or limbs while walking +might explain how this happens (Hunt and Lucas 1998, Hopson 2015). + + + +Fig. 42. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Tibia ZPAL V. 33/75 in medial (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), anterior (D), distal (E), and proximal (F) views. + + + +The analysis of sediments (or bones) from Lisowice shows that +Lioosicia +lived in an environment near rivers with a lot of oxbow lakes (Dzik +et al. +2008). Also, the similarities of coprolites of +Lioosicia +to +Hippopotamuo amphibiuo +Linnaeus, 1758 suggest its affiliation with such an environment (Bajdek +et al +. 2014, 2019). In the case of +Placeriao +, its bone microstructure suggests even an aquatic style of life (Fiorillo +et al +. 2000). If they lived in or close to the swamp, they probably could use the soft plants as a food (Bajdek +et al +. 2014), abundant in such environments. Such an interpretation is not in conflict with the architecture of their skulls. + + +There is little doubt that all the Triassic dicynodonts were herbivorous, but there are various views on the method by which they collected the food (see: +Surkov and Benton 2004 +). According toCruickshank (1978), +Dinodontooauruo +, + +Stahleckeria poteno +, +Dolichuranuo +Keyser, 1973 + +, +Tetragoniao +, + +Rhinodicynodon +, +Zambiaoauruo + +, + +Sinokannemeyeria + +, and + +Vinceria +Bonaparte, 1969 + +were browsers, whereas +Placeriao +, + +Jachaleria +, +Iochigualaotia + +jenoeni +, + +Kannemeyeria + +, + +Uralokannemeyeria +Danilov, 1971 + +, +Rabidooauruo +, +Rhadiodromuo +, and +Wadiaoauruo indicuo +were grazers (in the meaning that they ate low-growing plants). Originally, Cox (1965) made this distinction based mainly on the shape of the snout and the orientation of the occipital region of the skull. + +Ordoñez +et al +. (2019) + +, based on principal component analyses (PCA) of skulls from South America, showed that the adaptation of + +Stahleckeria poteno + +, +I. jenoeni +, and + +J. candelarienoio + +to feeding on the vegetation was characteristic of an arid climate, although the palaeoclimate was seasonal semi-arid when they lived ( + +Mancuso +et al. +2021 + +). The new material from +Poland +calls for reconsideration of this question. + + +Most authors discussing the dicynodonts mode of life have focused on their sexual dimorphism ( +Owen 1876 +, Camp and Welles 1956, Barry 1957, Cruickshank 1967, Cox 1969, Bandyopadhyay 1988, + +Sullivan +et al. +2003 + +). The differences between males and females were proposed to be expressed mainly in the presence of the tusks or maxillary horns in males. The lack of conclusive material excludes + +Lioosicia bojani + +from these inquires. Most authors agree that the canine tusks or elongated maxillary processes were used in food gathering and fighting (Camp and Welles 1956, Rowe 1979, Bandyopadhyay 1988). Many authors have discussed the mode of feeding of dicynodonts (Cox 1969, Cruickshank 1978, Walter 1985, Hotton 1986), summarized by Defauw (1989), who recognized five dicynodont feeding +types +: invertebrate collecting specialists, grubbers, browsers, forest litter foragers, and flexible foragers. The functional morphology of the dicynodont masticatory apparatus was studied by Crompton and Hotton (1967), + +King +et al. +(1989) + +, Cox (1998), Jasinoski +et al. +(2009, 2010), and + +Ordoñez +et al +. (2019) + +. + + + +Fig. 43. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Reconstruction of tibia based on ZPAL V. 33/75, in medial (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), anterior (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. + + + + +Niedźwiedzki +et al +. (2011 + +, +2012 +) showed that the archosauriform + +Smok saseloki + +Niedźwiedzki +et al +., 2012 + + +was feeding on dicynodonts in the Late Triassic but probably dicynodonts escaped this predation by evolving into giant size, already in the Middle Triassic. The most numerous preserved bones of the skull of + +Lioosicia bojani + +and +Placeriao + +‘ +gigao + +’ are postorbitals and basisphenoids, unlike the nasals that are very rare in the case of + +P. +‘ +gigao + +’ and unknown in + +L. bojani + +. This may mean that the snout was a structurally weak portion of the skull that was the first to disarticulate during rotting of the carcass or the dorsal part of the snout was an attractive target for predators, whereas the postorbital was too massive for them. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0A5571F182FDC3FD45FF5F.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0A5571F182FDC3FD45FF5F.xml index 23acbe87525..e96af87132a 100644 --- a/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0A5571F182FDC3FD45FF5F.xml +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0A5571F182FDC3FD45FF5F.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia + + + +Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia - - -Author + + +Author -Sulej, Tomasz +Sulej, Tomasz -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-09-14 + +2024 + +2024-09-14 - -202 + +202 - -1 + +1 - -1 -56 + +1 +56 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 -0024-4082 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 +0024-4082 +14339512 - - + The Laurasian lineage @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ xilougouensis - + Until the description of the Polish dicynodonts, Placeriao @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ and Placeriao are probably not closely related to the Gondwanan ones. - + Placeriao ‘ @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ than in ’ (clearly visible in the best preserved specimen of proximal part GPIT-PV-108382). - + According to Kammerer (2018), Pentaoauruo goggai from the lower Elliot Formation (probably Norian age) represents the @@ -208,8 +208,6 @@ latest surviving Placerinii, but the material is very poor, and similarities to Placeriao are very weak. In some aspects it - - covered as Placerinii in recent analyses of dicynodont evolution (Kammerer 2018). In fact the most characteristic element is the distal head of the humerus, which is very different than in Lioosicia , and @@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ and Szczygielski and Sulej 2023 ). - + Evolution of the cranium: Placeriao ‘ @@ -271,7 +269,7 @@ have exceptionally small areas for muscles responsible for adducting the mandibl . This means that the quadrate could drop anteriorly from its normal position when the mandible moved backward. Apparently, the forces acting on the jaw were much smaller than in the case of Permian dicynodonts. It seems that in the evolution of Triassic dicynodonts the shape of the frontal was strictly controlled by selection. Especially the shape of its anterior part and the morphology of the contact with the orbital margin are the most characteristic and useful for understanding the evolution of that group. - + In the Laurasian lineage, the anterior part of the skull is elongated. In all species the frontals form a part of the orbital margin. It is most elongated in Placeriao @@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ In the Laurasian lineage, the anterior part of the skull is elongated. In all sp Lioosicia bojani ( -Fig. 48 +Fig. 48 ). The specimen of the older Woznikella triradiata ( @@ -337,7 +335,7 @@ of suture between frontals and nasals is present in both species of Rhadiodromuo . - + The position of the orbits is correlated with the shape of the postorbital. This bone is oblique posteriorly in @@ -348,8 +346,6 @@ postorbital. This bone is oblique posteriorly in Lioosicia bojani . In these species the orbits are located more - - posteriorly, and the temporal opening is smaller; it was related with the size of the external adductor muscles. The zygomatic arch morphology is not known in P. @@ -376,7 +372,7 @@ In gigao ’ the occipital condyles are directed ventrally, which means that in the resting position the skull was strongly oblique ventrally ( -Fig. 50 +Fig. 50 ). It is consistent with the shape of the orbits, which are opened antero-dorsally and frontally in an oblique position of the skull. @@ -464,12 +460,8 @@ they are almost in the same plane; only the deltoid crest is curved ventrally. T Ray (2006) stated that the humerus changed its position, and it was related to the change from the lateral orientation of the glenoid to a posterior orientation. - + The size of the supinator process seems to have become gradually larger in the sequence: Woznikella triradiata - - - - ( Szczygielski and Sulej 2023 ), @@ -482,7 +474,6 @@ stated that the humerus changed its position, and it was related to the change f Lioosicia - bojani. Surprisingly, the humerus of Zambiaoauruo @@ -634,7 +625,7 @@ or . - + To keep the head oblique demanded a special position of the orbits, because ‘grazing’ animals need to be aware of predators. This was probably the selection pressure to makes the orbits displaced to the top of the skull in Placeriao @@ -645,23 +636,15 @@ To keep the head oblique demanded a special position of the orbits, because ‘g Lioosicia bojani -. While lowering the head the animal saw the surroundings in the horizontal plane. Present-day large herbivorous ani- +. While lowering the head the animal saw the surroundings in the horizontal plane. Present-day large herbivorous +animals with orbits similarly directed or situated more dorsally are the hippopotamuses, connected with aquatic environments. - - -mals with orbits similarly directed or situated more dorsally are the hippopotamuses, connected with aquatic environments. - - + However, animals spending much of their life in water often have - - - lighter limb skeletons, which is not the case of Lioosicia . - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0F556FF2D5FB61FF15FE79.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0F556FF2D5FB61FF15FE79.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4089491d8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B0F556FF2D5FB61FF15FE79.xml @@ -0,0 +1,645 @@ + + + +Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia + + + +Author + +Sulej, Tomasz + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2024 + +2024-09-14 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 +0024-4082 +14339512 + + + + + +The Laurasian–Gondwanan + + +Rhadiodromus +klimovi + + +→ + + +Jachaleria candelariensis + +lineage + + + + + + +Middle Triassic European dicynodonts are known from +Russia +. + +Rabidooauruo +criotatuo + +and + +Rhadiodromuo klimovi + +and + +Rhadiodromuo mariae +( +Surkov 2003 +) + +are there represented by the most complete materials ( +Surkov 2003 +) from the Donguz and Bedyanka localities of the Lower and Upper Donguz formations, respectively, which is dated as Anisian (Tverdokhlebov +et al. +2003, Ivakhnenko 2008). + +Parakannemeyeria youngi +Sun, 1960 + +and + +Shaanbeikannemeyeria xilougouenoio +Cheng, 1980 + +from the Early Anisian Ermaying Formation in +China +( +Sun 1963 +, + +Liu +et al. +2017 + +) may be their relatives. Angielczyk +et al +. (2018) showed that +Sanguoauruo parringtonii +from the upper Ntawere Formation in +Tanzania +and +Zambia +is a stahleckeriid. + +Stahleckeria poteno + +from the Santa Maria Formation in +Brazil +is dated as Ladinian (or Carnian? according to: +Lucas 1998b +, + +Rayfield +et al. +2005 + +, + +Ordoñez +et al. +2020 + +; see also: + +Schultz +et al. +2000 + +). The new + +Stahleckeria +sp. + +indet. material was reported from the Carnian Chañares Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin by Escobar +et al +. (2021). +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +is known only from the lower third of the Ischigualasto Formation (Bonaparte 1970, + +Rogers +et al. +1993 + +, Zerfass +et al. +2003, + +Martinez +et al. +2011 + +). The latter authors dated the formation as 227.8 ± 0.3 Mya, i.e. Late Carnian. Fröbisch (2009; based on: +Lucas 1998b +) considered it to represent the upper part of Adamanian, but according to +Langer (2005b) +it is older than Adamanian. He also showed that probably +I. jenoeni +is older than +Eubrachiooauruo brosni +Williston, 1904 from the Popo Agie Formation [contrary to +Lucas and Hunt (1993) +, the relative ages of these two taxa is highly uncertain in the absence of precise radiometric dates for the Popo Agie Formation]. + + + +Fig. 47. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Reconstruction of skull (A, B) and mandible (C) based on many elements described in text, in lateral (A, C), and dorsal (B) views. + + + +According to + +Ramezani +et al. +(2014) + +, the lower third of the Ischigualasto Formation represents the boundary between the Carnian and Norian. The youngest dicynodonts from South America are + +Jachaleria colorata + +from the Norian Los Colorados Formation of +Argentina +, which is a fluvial–lacustrine siliciclastic (Bonaparte 1971, 1978, Vega-Dias and Schwanke 2004), and + +J. candelarienoio +(Vega-Dias and Schultz 2004) + +that originated from the Norian Caturrita Formation (Araújo and Gonzaga 1980, + +Langer +et al. +2018 + +). The close relationship of + +Stahleckeria +, +Eubrachiooauruo + +, + +Jachaleria + +, and +Iochigualaotia +was supported by the cladistic analysis published by Kammerer +et al. +(2013) and +Szczygielski and Sulej (2023) +. + +These dicynodonts experienced a mosaic evolution, with modifications of particular bones not necessarily correlated with each other. This refers especially to the bones of the cranium. + +Evolution of the cranium: +The position of the dicynodont orbits is correlated with the shape of the postorbital. This bone is perpendicular to the zygomatic arch in + +Rhadiodromuo klimovi + +, the oldest member of the lineage, and in subsequent evolution became +more and more oblique anteriorly. The extreme state of +this trait is that in + +Jachaleria candelarienoio +. + +In + +J. candelarienoio + +and +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +the orbits are located above the posterior margin of the maxillary horn and the temporal opening is very large. + + +The route of the evolution of the frontals was different in the lineage represented in South America by + +Stahleckeria +, +Iochigualaotia + +, and + +Jachaleria +. + +The anterior part of the bone became shorter, and the narrow edge of the orbital margin almost disappeared and moved outside. The original shape of the frontal may be shown by + +Rhadiodromuo mariae +Surkov, 2003 + +. In its very wide anterior part, + +R. mariae + +is more similar to + +Stahleckeria + +. Also, the large number of sacral ribs of + +Rhadiodromuo klimovi + +is typical for the Middle Triassic dicynodonts from South America. It seems that +Rabidooauruo +and +Rhadiodromuo +are genera that gave the beginning to different lineages. + + +Probably in the Ladinian, the tusks vanished from the maxillae in the South American members of the lineage, although they were present until the Carnian in + +Dinodontaouruo +brevirootrio + +in the other Gondwanan lineage and until the Norian in the Laurasian lineage. + + +Some changes can be also observed in the disposition of the adductor externus lateralis and externus medialis muscles, which are attached to the zygomatic arch ( + +Ordoñez +et al +. 2019 + +). In most Early and Middle Triassic dicynodonts the zygomatic arch in dorsal view is directed anteriorly ( +Fig. 49 +). In + +Stahleckeria + +, the zygomatic arch is directed antero-medially at its base. From +Iochigualaotia +to + +Jachaleria + +it became directed more and more laterally. The changes in the shape of the zygomatic arch are correlated with the shape of the occiput.The lateral edge of the occipital plate (posterolateral wing of the squamosal) in most Triassic dicynodonts had an apparent posterior edge (in lateral view) and forms a large attachment area for muscles ( +Figs 49 +, +50 +). This area was small only in +Iochigualaotia +and + +Jachaleria + +, in which the lateral edge of the occipital plate in lateral view is vertical. This characterizes both species of the genus, + +J. colorata + +(Bonaparte 1978, Vega-Dias and Schwanke 2004) and + +J. candelarienoio +(Vega-Dias and Schultz 2004) + +. The slope of the lateral edge of the occipital plate resulted in a different orientation of the adductor muscles with respect to the mandible. The external adductor attachment was enlarged due to the horizontal position of the zygomatic arch. It seems that + +J. candelarienoio + +had enormously strong adductors, probably to feed on hard food. The morphology of the occipital is strongly correlated with the slope of the whole skull. + + + +Fig. 48. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. A, reconstruction of skeleton in lateral view. The proportions from + +Parakannemeyeria chengi + +, and the shape of the manus and foot are based on Camp and Welles (1956). B, reconstruction of vertebral column in lateral view. + + + +Already +Surkov and Benton (2004) +and Kalandadze and Kurkin (2000) interpreted proportions of the occipital plate and the whole skull in the context of feeding adaptations. However, their ‘occipital index’ mixes proportions of the occipital plate and the length of the skull. Proportions of the occipital plate in Middle and Late Triassic dicynodonts exhibit two separate +types +. + +Stahleckeria +, +Dinodontooauruo +, and +Rabidooauruo + +have very low and wide occipitals, whereas +Iochigualaotia +, + +Jachaleria + +, and +Placeriao +have high and relatively narrow occipitals. It seems that increasing skull height and narrowing evolved in parallel in both lineages. + + +In both species of + +Jachaleria + +the occipital condyles were directed posteriorly. In the resting position of the skull the orbits were directed frontolaterally. + + +The shape of the mandible is variable in Triassic dicynodonts, and it is difficult to identify any evolutionary trend in its morphology. Only the shape of the dentary seems to differentiate the lineages. In + +Stahleckeria +(Abdala +et al. +2013) + +, +Dinodontooauruo +, and +Iochigualaotia +it is high and short, unlike +Placeriao +. + + +Evolution of pootcranial okeleton: +Although most aspects of the postcranial skeleton are variable in Triassic dicynodonts, some trends are identifiable. The most important changes concern the pectoral girdle. Regrettably, the scapula of dicynodonts from the Anisian of +Russia +remains unknown. The increase in size of the acromion process of the scapula characterizes the evolution of the longest lasting lineages. In + +Stahleckeria +(Escobar +et al +. 2021) + +, the acromion process was elongated into a ridge (scapular spine) that extended almost to the upper end of the scapula. In +Iochigualaotia +, only the base of the ridge was preserved. + +Jachaleria + +had a very small acromion process and a distinct attachment for the triceps scapularis (Araújo and Gonzaga 1980). According to + +Surkov +et al. +(2005) + +, the general trend to widening of the scapula blade is observed already in the Permian dicynodonts + +(Rubidge +et al. +1994), and the reversal of this trend occurred in Late Triassic species ( +Fig. 50 +). The Late Triassic dicynodonts + +from South America had a very wide base of the scapular blade (Kammerer +et al +. 2013). This character is conservative. + + + +Fig. 49. +Phylogeny of Triassic dicynodonts. The crania of the well-known dicynodonts in cross-sections, showing three lineages with much different shape of the parietal and braincase. + +Stahleckeria + +and +Iochigualaotia +are based on Camp (1956). + + + + +Stahleckeria + +and +Iochigualaotia +had a small groove on the anterior edge of the scapular blade. This seems important as +Placeriao +and +Lioosicia +did not have such a structure. It is interesting that the share of the coracoid in the formation of the glenoid is low in + +Stahleckeria + +, in contrast to +Iochigualaotia +. In both lineages also the direction of the glenoid changed in parallel. At the beginning it is directed laterally, as in all Middle Triassic dicynodonts, but it changed to a more posterior direction. The role of the triceps brachii muscles probably changed in the Late Triassic dicynodonts. In advanced form, like + +Jachaleria + +, the attachment area for these muscles on the scapula is very large. + + +It seems that in + +Stahleckeria + +and + +Jachaleria + +the sternum had two articulation surfaces on each side. This character is not known in older representatives of the lineage. + + +The shape of the ilium is variable in dicynodonts, and only the number of sacral ribs and the length of the posterior process may allow identification of evolutionary trends ( +Fig. 50 +). The Middle Triassic +Rhadiodromuo +had many sacral ribs (seven to eight?). The trend to decrease their number characterizes South America dicynodonts. + +Stahleckeria + +had seven to eight sacral ribs, +Iochigualaotia +six to seven? [uncatalogued specimen in Instituto Miguel Lillo in +Tucuman +; contrary to Griffin +et al +. (2019], and + +Jachaleria + +only five sacral ribs. It seems that small Permian dicynodonts had four sacral vertebrae, but as they grew in size they had to increase the number of sacral vertebrae so that the pelvis could support larger weight ( +Rhadiodromuo +and + +Stahleckeria + +), but +then when the forelimbs started to be displaced under the shaft, this was no longer necessary and the number of sacral +vertebrae decreased. In + +Jachaleria + +and +Iochigualaotia +, two or three sacral ribs are in front of the acetabulum. + + +The femur from the Los Esteros Member of the Santa Rosa Formation in +New Mexico +, is more similar to + +Stahleckeria + +than to +Placeriao +(Kammerer +et al. +2013) and suggests that some representative of the Gondwanan lineages came to live in North America. +Eubrachiooauruo +may be such an immigrant. The distinction between South and North American lineages of dicynodonts is especially well expressed in the morphology of the pubis and ischium, although they are known only in more advanced representatives. The notch in the ventral border of the ischium and pubis is very distinct in + +Stahleckeria + +. The ischium of + +Jachaleria + +has the vertical length very short in comparison to very long in +Lioosicia +and +Placeriao +. The ischium has a posterior blade slightly curved medially in + +Jachaleria + +. + +Jachaleria + +probably represents the crown achievement of dicynodont evolution in South America. It seems that its mode of life was very different from that of +Placeriao +and +Lioosicia +. Their skulls are very different. The wide snout with well-developed grooves for tearing plants, together with the very large area for attachment of muscles adducting mandible and the massive zygomatic arch, suggest that + +Jachaleria + +ate a hard plant food difficult to tear. The position of the quadrate that is directed ventrally (in +Lioosicia +rather anteroventrally) may be related with the mode of tearing but is difficult to explain. + + +The almost oval and longer than high parietal, the short and only slightly oblique posterior surface of the supraoccipital, and the almost horizontal base of the braincase suggest that + +Jachaleria +kept its head horizontal and was a browser. This is consistent with the position of the orbits. They were very large and + +displaced anteriorly to be located above the maxilla. In Lioosicia +they are much more posterior. + + + +Fig. 50. +Phylogeny of the well-known Triassic dicynodonts. The ilium of +Dinodontooauruo +brevirootrio is based on the material from MCN [personal studies, and Kammerer and Ordoñez (2021)], ilium of + +Stahleckeria poteno + +and all postcranial elements of +Placeriao + +‘ +gigao + +’ are based on Camp and Welles (1956) and modified.The skulls of Dinodontooauruo tener and D.brevirootrio, their scapula and sternum are based on Kammerer and Ordoñez (2021). The skull of + +Stahleckeria poteno +is based on Maisch (2001), its scapula is based on personal observation of the GPIT. The sternum of +Stahleckeria + +is based on Cox (1965). The scapula of +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +is based on personal studies of MCZ materials. The rest of the Iochigualaotia jenoeni bones are based on Cox (1965) and modified. The scapula of + +Jachaleria candelarienoio + +is based on Araújo and Gonzaga (1980), skull and other bones are based on Vega-Diaz and Schultz (2004) and modified based on personal studies. + +Jachaleria colorata + +is based on Bonaparte (1978). + +Acratophoruo +argentinenoio + +is based on Kammerer and Ordoñez (2021). Kannemeyeria oimocephaluo is based on Cox (1965) and Renaut and Hancox (2001). + +Rhadiodromuo mariae + +is based on +Surkov (2003) +, +Rabidooauruo +criotatuo is based on personal observation, Wadiaoauruo indicuo is based on Bandyopadhyay (1988) and modified based on personal observations. + +Parakannemeyeria youngi + +skull and + +Sinokannemeyeria +yingchiaoenoio scapula, ilium, and sternum from Sun (1963). Sanguoauruo is based on Angielczyk et al + +. (2018). + +Shaanbeikannemeyeria + +is based on + +Liu +et al +. (2017) + +. +Woznikella +is based on Szczygielski and Sulej (2023). Zambiaoauruo is based on Cox (1969). + + + +The question about pass of dicynodonts, from Laurasia to South America that +Rhadiodromuo +and + +Parakannemeyeria + +could be ascendants of South American dicynodonts seems problematic, but Haq (2018) showed that in the Anisian, the sea level was very low, and later it rose until the Carnian/Norian boundary. It means that in the Anisian, large lands were accessible for migrating animals and in that time the terrestrial communication between these distant lands was possible also for dicynodonts. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B3A5565F231F903FE6CF827.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B3A5565F231F903FE6CF827.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b64c1b8f82f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A287B16B3A5565F231F903FE6CF827.xml @@ -0,0 +1,540 @@ + + + +Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia + + + +Author + +Sulej, Tomasz + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2024 + +2024-09-14 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085 +0024-4082 +14339512 + + + + + + +Reconstruction of the + +Lisowicia bojani + +skeleton + + + + + + + +Skull + + + +The reconstruction of the skull of + +Lioosicia bojani + +( +Fig. 47 +) is based on bones coming from a few individuals. They represent parts of the skull roof ( +ZPAL +V. 33/MB/18), braincase ( +ZPAL +V. 33/531), and single bones (maxilla +ZPAL +V. 33/85, postorbital +ZPAL V. 33/708, parietal ZPAL V. 33/741, stapes) or their fragments from different individuals: the premaxilla, paroccipital. + + + +Fig. 36. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. The reconstruction of ulnare based on ZPAL V. 33/716 in proximal (A), distal (B), and anterior? (C) views. + + + +The general proportion of the skull was taken from the new reconstruction of + +P. +‘ +gigao + +’. + + +Cranium: +The relationship of the frontal to postorbital is clearly visible in the specimen +ZPAL +V. 33/MB/18. A parietal foramen forms a canal the shape of which can be recognized in this specimen and in the whole parietal (specimen +ZPAL +V. 33/741). The dorsal edge of the frontal and parietal are visible in lateral view, the latter only slightly raised. The positions of the lacrimal and maxilla are based on + +Jachaleria candelarienoio + +, + +R. criotatuo + +, and + +P. +‘ +gigao + +’. The setting of the squamosal was reconstructed according to morphology of this element in + +P. +‘ +gigao + +’. + + +Mandible: +The posterior part of the mandible is preserved in +two specimens +, +ZPAL +V. 33/735 and +ZPAL +V. 33/736. They consist of the articular, surangular, and prearticular. The angulars are also preserved, but always as isolated elements. The dentary and splenial are missing. The reconstruction of the posterior part of the mandible is based on general proportions in other Triassic dicynodonts and on the fit with known elements. The shape of the elongated dentary was based on an extremely elongated bone in +Woznikella triradiata +(length/deep— +16.6 cm +× +6.2 cm += 2.67, probably the ancestor of +Lioosicia +in Europe). + + +Postcranial skeleton + + +The limb postures of kannemeyeriid dicynodonts were studied by Walter (1986) and Fröbisch (2006). Most of the material of Middle and Late Triassic dicynodonts consists of disarticulated skeletons or their parts. Rare articulated skeletons represent different groups of Triassic dicynodonts. These are: +Shanoiodon sangi +Yeh, 1959, +Shanoiodon suhoiangenoio +Yeh, 1959, +Tetragoniao njaliluo +von Huene, 1942, and +Angonioauruo cruickohanki +among Shansiodontini (Cox 1965) and + +Kannemeyeria oimocephaluo + +among Kannemeyeriini (Lehman 1961). The most complete are + +Parakannemeyeria youngi + +, + +Xiyukannemeyeria brevirootrio +Liu and Li, 2003 + +, + +P. xingxianenoio + +, + +Sinokannemeyeria yingchiaoenoio +, +Dinodontooauruo + + +tener + +, + +Rhadiodromuo klimovi + +, and +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +. + + +Two species were selected as the reference standard for the reconstruction of the skeleton of + +Lioosicia bojani + +: + +Parakannemeyeria youngi + +and + +Sinokannemeyeria yingchiaoenoio + +. + + + +Fig. 37. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. The radiale ZPAL V. 33/453 in proximal? (A), distal? (B), posteriori? (C), Lateral? (D) and anterior? (E) views. + + + +Their humeri, ulnae, and radii have proportions closely similar to the bones of + +L. bojani + +, despite different construction of the forelimb. Other dicynodonts differ substantially from + +L. bojani + +, for instance adult + +Dinodontooauruo +tener + +material from Harvard has a very short scapula in relation to the length of the humerus (Cox 1965: fig. 11). + + +The vertebral spine of + +Lioosicia bojani + +and its relationship to the pelvis was based on the fit of bones in the individual +ZPAL +V. 33/720. The proportions of the pectoral girdle and forelimb were based on the proportions in the + +Parakannemeyeria youngi + +specimen +IVPP +V. 979; with respect to the length of scapula vs. length of the humerus, it is 1.25, and the length of the humerus vs. length of the ulna is 1.10. The length of the scapula vs. length of the sternum is +1.61 in + +Sinokannemeyeria yingchiaoenoio + +specimen +IVPP +V. 974. The length of the ulna vs. length of the radius is +1.88 in + +S. yingchiaoenoio + +specimen +IVPP +V. 974 (measurements from: +Sun 1963 +). + + +Pelvic girdle and forelimb: +The position of the humerus and scapulocoracoid in + +Lioosicia bojani + +is similar to that in large mammals, such as rhinoceroses and hippopotami, as well as quadrupedal dinosaurs, such as the ceratopsians (Sulej and Niedźwiedzki 2019). In most Triassic dicynodonts the scapula was s +et al +most vertical and humerus almost horizontal. Such articulation would be difficult to maintain by an animal of + +L. bojani + +size. Also, the trackway of some dicynodont shows the manus and pes in the same line (Hunt +et al +. 1993) and thus contradicts the traditional reconstruction of their forelimb. The disposition proposed for +Triceratopo horriduo +Marsh 1889 +(Fujiwara 2009) with a more horizontal scapula and vertical humerus (very similar to + +L. bojani + +) seems more realistic. The size of the joint for the scapula on the posterior side of the humerus corresponds to the position of this bone. Large + +Stahleckeria poteno + +that had +area of the articulation with the scapula small probably represents an intermediate stage between the horizontal humerus of +small dicynodonts with a small joint for the scapula (for instance + +Oudenodon bainii +Kammerer +et al +., 2011 + +(earlier + +Dicynodon halli + +) and +Placeriao + +‘ +gigao + +’ that had an already large posterior joint for the scapula. An advanced stage with the vertical position of the humerus is represented by + +L. bojani + +, which has a non-rotating humerus with a very large joint for the scapula. + + + +Fig. 38. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Last digits ZPAL V. 33/749 (A, C), ZPAL V. 33/744 (B, D), respectively, in dorsal (A, B), and lateral (C, D) views. + + + +The shift of the humerus to a vertical position should be related to some changes in its articulation with the ulna and radius. The published illustrations of the dicynodont radii are too superficial to enable comparison with that of + +Lioosicia bojani + +. This makes the well-preserved proximal part of the quite well-preserved radius from +New Mexico +NMMNH +P-13002 important. This bone and associated femur, part of scapula and axis were described as +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +? by +Lucas and Hunt (1993) +but Kammerer +et al. +(2013) assigned it to +Stahleckeriidae +indet. based on the shape of the femur. + + +The scapula +NMMNH +P-13003 is a distal part of the bone showing the scapular spine and acromion process (nomenclature from: Vickaryous and Hall 2006). It seems that the scapula was very similar to that of +Placeriao + +‘ +gigao + +’. The radius has a well-visible head bent outward, which is distinct also in +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +, + +Jachaleria candelarienoio + +, and + +Lioosicia bojani + +(all with not preserved clavicles and a small acromion process) and not known in other dicynodonts [illustration of +Prioterodon mackayi +Huxley, 1868 earlier + +Diaelurodon shaitoi + +in Watson (1917: fig. 13) suggests that it was present in this species]. But the bending has a different position in the radius from +New Mexico +then in +I. jenoeni +, + +J. candelarienoio + +, and + +L. bojani + +. In these dicynodonts it is situated in the posterior part of the head, whereas in the +New Mexico +specimen it is in an anterior position, like + +D. shaitoi + +, which had a horizontal position of the humerus. + + +Thearticulationofthecoracoidandanteriorpartofthesternum occurs in the + +Struthio cameluo +Linnaeus, 1758 + +, +Diplodocuo +Marsh, 1878 (Hohn +et al. +2011), + +Alligator +Cuvier, 1807 + +, +Tachyglooouo +Illiger, 1811, and +Ornithorynchuo +Blumenbach, 1800 (Gregory + +and Camp 1918). In +Lioosicia bojani +, the coracoid has a large joint with the anterior part of the sternum. In the coracoid of + +Placeriao + +‘ +gigao + +’ +UCMP +32449, the area for attachment with the sternum is clearly visible. + + +Sternum: +The latest Triassic + +Lioosicia bojani + +has an articulation area on the sternum in its posterior part. The sternum of the Anisian ( + +Liu +et al +. 2017 + +) + +Sinokannemeyeria yingchiaoenoio + +has an articulation for the coracoid and first dorsal rib in the middle of its length. Cox (1965), based on the specimen +MCZ +3120, depicted the sternum of +Iochigualaotia jenoeni +with an articulation area in its posterior part. It is the only specimen in the Harvard collection with all bones of the pectoral girdle articulated, although not all are in anatomical positions. The problem with the sternum is that it is strongly compressed, and no articulation surface is visible. The Cox (1965) interpretation was based only on the general shape of the bone. + + + + +Romer (1956) +showed the sternum of + +Kannemeyeria oimocephaluo + +posterior to the scapulocoracoid. In the skeleton reconstruction of + +Dinodontooauruo +brevirootrio + +at Harvard, the interclavicle is at the level of the procoracoid, and the sternum is more posterior than in the specimen +MCZ +3120. In such a probably correct position, the articulation area on the sternum can contact the posterior process of the coracoid (Sulej and Niedźwiedzki 2019). + + +Clavicle: +An intriguing problem is the presence of the clavicle and interclavicle in + +Lioosicia bojani + +. It was hypothesized by Sulej and Niedźwiedzki (2019: fig. 1), but the very small acromion process on the scapula, which in other dicynodonts was much larger and designed for articulation with the clavicle, contradicts its presence ( +Fig. 48 +). On the other hand, the anterior lower part of the scapula in + +L. bojani + +is much larger and the sternum is much higher than in most dicynodonts. This difference suggests different functioning of the whole girdle. Sulej and Niedźwiedzki (2019) showed that + +L. bojani + +had erect forelimbs, unlike all other dicynodonts. Instead of them, +Triceratopo +or the rhinoceros may serve as the analogues +for the construction of the shoulder girdle. They do not have clavicles because of the erect position of the forelimb. Probably +a similar situation was in + +L. bojani + +. The loose connection of the olecranon process with the main body of the ulna in its skeleton is probably related with the position of the forelimb. In most large dicynodonts the olecranon is fused with the ulna ( +Wadiaoauruo +, + +Stahleckeria + +, + +Jachaleria + +, and + +Sinokannemeyeria + +), and that was related to a sprawling posture. The m. triceps attached to the olecranon process, the humerus, and the scapula was among the muscles responsible for keeping the animal in that position. When the humerus was rotated posteriorly to support the erect posture, other muscles became responsible for it. Among them were m. pectoralis, m. supracoracoideus (with a much larger area for articulation on the scapula than in other dicynodonts) and m. coracobrachialis (Sulej and Niedźwiedzki 2019). The loose olecranon process is known also in +Placeriao + +‘ +gigao + +’ (Camp and Welles 1956), but in this species the acromion was of the standard shape and it remains unknown how the rotation of the humerus took place. + + + +Fig. 39. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Pelvis ZPAL V. 33/720 and reconstruction of pelvis based on ZPAL V. 33/720, in medial (A, F), lateral (B, D), dorsal (C) and (E) ventral views. + + + + +Fig. 40. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Femur ZPAL V. 33/75 (A, D, E, G, I, L) and ZPAL V. 33/763 (B, C, F, H, J, K) in anterior (A, B), lateral (C, D), proximal (E, H), distal (F, G), posterior (I, J), and medial (K, L) views. + + + + +Fig. 41. + +Lioosicia bojani +Sulej and Niedźwiedzki, 2019 + +from Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie. Reconstruction of femur based on ZPAL V. 33/75 (A–G) and ZPAL V. 33/763 (H) the largest in the same scale as (G), in anterior (A, H), posterior (B), medial (C), lateral (D), distal (E), and proximal (F) views. Note identical shape of curve of the small and large specimen (G and H). + + + +Presumably +Placeriao +represents an early stage of the evolution towards the erect posture. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF5A7A8FFDA6FC72F801FE2B.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF5A7A8FFDA6FC72F801FE2B.xml index 0912cc78513..e0fa3293a30 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF5A7A8FFDA6FC72F801FE2B.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF5A7A8FFDA6FC72F801FE2B.xml @@ -1,49 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ Simon, 1893 , figs 12a–e, 13a–d; 2000: 256, figs 79, 136, 180, 1014–1023 -; 2005a: 573–581, figs 1–8. — González- Sponga 2010: 18, pl. 4, figs 1–11. +; 2005a: 573–581, figs 1–8. — GonzálezSponga 2010: 18, pl. 4, figs 1–11. @@ -135,15 +138,12 @@ are based on such specimens. A comparison of the illustrations in Figs 499–505 (made from topotypical specimens) suggests that additional morphological differences exist. No fresh material is available of the ‘deviating morph’, but we predict that a detailed morphological comparison combined with molecular data may eventually justify a formal split of this species. - + The material published by González-Sponga (2010) is present in the MIZA collection but the respective collection cards are missing so it is not -clear which vial represents which locality listed in González- - - -Sponga (2010). The following seven vials are thought to represent this material (specimen counts partly approximate): 9 ♂♂, MIZA 105702 (MAGS 244); 2 ♂♂, +clear which vial represents which locality listed in GonzálezSponga (2010). The following seven vials are thought to represent this material (specimen counts partly approximate): 9 ♂♂, MIZA 105702 (MAGS 244); 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ , MIZA 105740 (MAGS 964); 1 ♀ @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ a.s.l. M.) • - + 3 ♂♂ , 3 ♀♀ diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6C7ABFFDA9F90FFBEEFD15.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6C7ABFFDA9F90FFBEEFD15.xml index 3312edb0923..93c100a5a64 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6C7ABFFDA9F90FFBEEFD15.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6C7ABFFDA9F90FFBEEFD15.xml @@ -1,49 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ material - + VENEZUELA @@ -128,6 +131,8 @@ material • ♂ holotype + + and 1 ♀ paratype @@ -146,11 +151,8 @@ and , 66.8116° W , - 1140 m -a.s.l. - -], +a.s.l.], 17 Jul. 1981 diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6E7AC3FD8DFD60F8CFFC15.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6E7AC3FD8DFD60F8CFFC15.xml index 0c3b07e99ef..4a5dd3333b4 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6E7AC3FD8DFD60F8CFFC15.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF6E7AC3FD8DFD60F8CFFC15.xml @@ -1,49 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ material - + VENEZUELA @@ -142,6 +145,8 @@ material • ♂ holotype + + and 1 ♀ paratype @@ -156,11 +161,8 @@ and , 67.283°E , see Note below], - 1100 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 25 Jan. 1992 diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF737AA6FDCFF916FE1BF8B2.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF737AA6FDCFF916FE1BF8B2.xml index f35fa92dc3b..b5e67ca79ca 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF737AA6FDCFF916FE1BF8B2.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF737AA6FDCFF916FE1BF8B2.xml @@ -1,52 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -0000-0002-7566-5424 -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -0000-0001-5355-3723 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -2118-9773 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ the female of “ - + VENEZUELA @@ -256,13 +256,14 @@ the female of “ (A. González -). – +). + + +– Anzoátegui - • - 3 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -284,13 +285,14 @@ the female of “ (A.R. Delgado -, M.A. González-S.). – +, M.A. González-S.). + + +– Aragua - • - 1 ♀ , ZFMK @@ -301,11 +303,8 @@ the female of “ , 67.6057° W ), - 25 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 2 Dec. 2018 @@ -327,11 +326,8 @@ M.) , 67.5998° W ), - 380 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 2 Dec. 2018 @@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ D., S.) • - + 2 ♀♀ , 1 juv. @@ -418,13 +414,14 @@ S.) (W.B. Peck -). – +). + + +– Bolívar - • - 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -447,11 +444,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 62.6724° W ), - 50 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 11 Nov. 2018 @@ -477,11 +471,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 62.6742° W , - 30 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 14 Nov. 2018 @@ -529,7 +520,7 @@ L.) , M.A. González-S.) • - + 2 ♂♂ , MIZA 105717 @@ -538,23 +529,21 @@ L.) ), Camp 4, Cerro Guaiquinima (Las cuevas), - 980 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 18 Jan. 1990 ( C. Toro -). – +). + + +– Capital - • - 1 ♀ , 1 juv. @@ -574,7 +563,9 @@ a.s.l. (C.E. Avila -). +). + + 6 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -630,7 +621,7 @@ a.s.l. González-S.) • - + 6 ♂♂ , 5 ♀♀ @@ -647,11 +638,8 @@ González-S.) , 66.932° W ], - 1200 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 12 Oct. 1992 @@ -661,13 +649,14 @@ L., E. González S., M.A. -González-S.). – +González-S.). + + +– Carabobo - • - 1 ♀ , MIZA 105605 @@ -692,7 +681,7 @@ D., S.) • - + 4 ♂♂ , 1 juv. @@ -700,13 +689,14 @@ S.) MIZA 105749 ( MAGS 333 -), same data. – +), same data. + + +– Falcón - • - 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -723,11 +713,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 69.9479° W ), - 140 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 16 Nov. 2018 @@ -757,11 +744,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 69.9456° W ), - 140 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 16 Nov. 2018 @@ -793,11 +777,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 69.9468° W ), - 480 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 17 Nov. 2018 @@ -821,11 +802,8 @@ M.) , 69.7147° W ), - 3 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 17 Nov. 2018 @@ -855,11 +833,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 69.6273° W ), - 960 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 18 Nov. 2018 @@ -945,7 +920,7 @@ D., S.) • - + 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -966,11 +941,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 68.4949° W ), - 100 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 15 Feb. 2020 @@ -980,13 +952,14 @@ a.s.l. Villarreal M. , Q. Arias -C.). – +C.). + + +– Guárico - • - 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -1011,7 +984,7 @@ C.). – ) • - + 1 ♀ , 1 juv. @@ -1024,23 +997,21 @@ C.). – , 65.775° W ], - 540 m -a.s.l. - -, “sistema cuevas y cañones”, +a.s.l., “sistema cuevas y cañones”, 22 Nov. 1997 (O. Villarreal -). – +). + + +– Lara - • - 4 ♂♂ , 5 ♀♀ @@ -1059,11 +1030,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 69.3008° W ), - 400 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 19 Nov. 2018 @@ -1091,11 +1059,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 69.8343° W ), - 1370 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 20 Nov. 2018 @@ -1209,11 +1174,8 @@ S.) , 71.80° W , ~ - 1350 m -a.s.l. - -], +a.s.l.], 4 Sep. 1981 @@ -1241,11 +1203,8 @@ S.) , 70.6448° W ), - 1710 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest remnant , @@ -1279,11 +1238,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 70.6279° W ), - 1700 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 7 Feb. 2020 @@ -1296,7 +1252,7 @@ M., C.) • - + 6 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -1323,13 +1279,14 @@ a.s.l. Villarreal M., Q. Arias -C.). – +C.). + + +– Miranda - • - 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -1613,11 +1570,8 @@ González-S.) , 66.819° W ], ~ - 1500 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 16 Aug. 1981 @@ -1675,11 +1629,8 @@ near La , 66.8119° W ), - 1090 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest near dry brook bed , @@ -1710,11 +1661,8 @@ near La , 66.8089° W ), - 1460 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., degraded forest along small stream , @@ -1838,11 +1786,8 @@ S.) , 66.85° W , - 1100 m -a.s.l. - -], +a.s.l.], 28 Dec. 1970 @@ -1851,7 +1796,7 @@ a.s.l. ) • - + 1 ♀ , 1 juv. @@ -1866,11 +1811,8 @@ a.s.l. , 66.851° W , ~ - 1450 m -a.s.l. - -], +a.s.l.], 11–13 Nov. 2019 @@ -1878,13 +1820,14 @@ a.s.l. Villarreal , J. Rodriguez -). – +). + + +– Monagas - • - 1 ♂ , 8 juvs @@ -1910,7 +1853,7 @@ Cueva del , M.A. González-S.) • - + 1 ♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -1930,13 +1873,14 @@ Cueva del Delgado , M.A. González -S.). – +S.). + + +– Nueva Esparta - • - 1 ♀ , MIZA 105780 @@ -1954,13 +1898,14 @@ S.). – (C.E. Contreras -A.). – +A.). + + +– Portuguesa - • - 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -1982,13 +1927,14 @@ A.). – (A.R. Delgado -, M.A. González-S.). – +, M.A. González-S.). + + +– Táchira - • - 5 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -2009,23 +1955,21 @@ in pure ethanol, , 71.7152° W ), - 1300 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 10 Feb. 2020 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M., Q. Arias C. -). – +). + + +– Trujillo - • - 7 ♂♂ , 3 ♀♀ @@ -2042,11 +1986,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 70.2674° W ), - 1820 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 22 Nov. 2018 @@ -2116,11 +2057,8 @@ S.) , route to Buena Vista via La Gira , - 650 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 14 May 2005 @@ -2131,7 +2069,7 @@ M., ) • - + 1 ♂ , ZFMK @@ -2146,11 +2084,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 70.7418° W ), - 150 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., among rocks , @@ -2162,13 +2097,14 @@ a.s.l. Villarreal M. , Q. Arias -C.). – +C.). + + +– La Guaira - • - 3 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -2187,11 +2123,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 67.2548° W ), - 1535 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 9 Nov. 2018 @@ -2257,11 +2190,8 @@ S.) , 67.3010° W ), - 600 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest remnant along small stream , @@ -2293,11 +2223,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 67.2819° W ), - 1235 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest along stream , @@ -2310,7 +2237,7 @@ a.s.l. M.) • - + 1 ♀ , 1 juv. @@ -2330,13 +2257,14 @@ M.) (J.A. González -D.). – +D.). + + +– Yaracuy - • - 1 ♂ , MIZA 105641 @@ -2397,11 +2325,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 68.6564° W ), - 140 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest along stream , @@ -2427,11 +2352,8 @@ C.) , 68.6535° W ), - 120 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest along stream , @@ -2459,11 +2381,8 @@ C.) , 68.6530° W ), - 150 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., forest along stream , diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF777AAAFE49F8C9F818FB4C.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF777AAAFE49F8C9F818FB4C.xml index 49efa36a342..b1f474f541c 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF777AAAFE49F8C9F818FB4C.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF777AAAFE49F8C9F818FB4C.xml @@ -1,52 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -0000-0002-7566-5424 -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -0000-0001-5355-3723 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -2118-9773 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ material - + VENEZUELA @@ -276,7 +276,9 @@ material • ♂ holotype -, and +, and + + 2 ♀♀ misidentified paratypes diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF837A57FE69F9E9FE77F9CA.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF837A57FE69F9E9FE77F9CA.xml index 27e31e7e27a..922a119db63 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF837A57FE69F9E9FE77F9CA.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFF837A57FE69F9E9FE77F9CA.xml @@ -1,49 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ material - + VENEZUELA @@ -212,7 +215,9 @@ material • ♂ holotype -, +, + + 1 ♀ paratype , @@ -268,11 +273,8 @@ in pure ethanol, , 71.3688° W ), - 2380 m -a.s.l. - -, +a.s.l., 8 Feb. 2020 diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFA07A75FE63FD04FF2CFAA5.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFA07A75FE63FD04FF2CFAA5.xml index 9f31e79077f..e866a76cca7 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFA07A75FE63FD04FF2CFAA5.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFA07A75FE63FD04FF2CFAA5.xml @@ -1,49 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -233,7 +236,7 @@ a.s.l. M.) • - + 2 ♀♀ , 3 juvs @@ -266,13 +269,14 @@ a.s.l. González D. , M.A. González -). – +). + + +– Lara - • - 6 ♂♂ , 12 ♀♀ diff --git a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFB47A69FE70FE72F9CFF926.xml b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFB47A69FE70FE72F9CFF926.xml index e030a9870fd..630ffb0c6bf 100644 --- a/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFB47A69FE70FE72F9CFF926.xml +++ b/data/03/E8/87/03E887ADFFB47A69FE70FE72F9CFF926.xml @@ -1,49 +1,52 @@ - - - -On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) + + + +On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Huber, Bernhard A. -33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F -Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. -b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de +Huber, Bernhard A. +33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F +0000-0002-7566-5424 +Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. +b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de - - -Author + + +Author -Villarreal, Osvaldo -679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 -Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com +Villarreal, Osvaldo +679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26 +0000-0001-5355-3723 +Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-10-01 + +2020 + +2020-10-01 - -718 + +718 - -1 -317 + +1 +317 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 -4069574 -F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101 +2118-9773 +4069574 +F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1 @@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ material - + VENEZUELA @@ -185,11 +188,8 @@ material , 67.283° W ), - 1200 m -a.s.l. - -(see Notes below), +a.s.l. (see Notes below), 27 Oct. 1990 diff --git a/data/3A/A5/54/3AA554BFA056542BB1F3B865EB498645.xml b/data/3A/A5/54/3AA554BFA056542BB1F3B865EB498645.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ad8200c368c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3A/A5/54/3AA554BFA056542BB1F3B865EB498645.xml @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris oualensis +Cuvier, 1831 + + + + + +Figs 9 +, +10 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Yume-hatampo + + + + + + + +Pempheris oualensis + +Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 299 (type locality: +Kosrae +, +Caroline Islands +); +Masuda et al 1975 +(in part): 199; + +Hayashi 1984 + +(in part): 161; + +Chen et al. 1995 + +(probably in part): 25; + +Shao et al. 2008: 254 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2010 a +: 72 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2010 b +: 81 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2012 a +: 71 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 231 + +, fig. 1 b; + +Koeda et al. 2013 b +: 126 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 327 + +; + +Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2015: 276 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2016 b +: 50 + +, fig. 225; + +Koeda and Motomura 2017 a + +; + +Koeda 2017 a +: 7 + +, fig. 2 (upper fig.); + +Kimura et al. 2017: 119 + +, fig. 7; + +Planning and Tourism Division of Kikai Town 2017 +: 4 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Nakae et al. 2018: 266 + +; + +Koeda 2018 a +: 194 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 298 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Mochida and Motomura 2018: 30 + +; + +Koeda 2019: 928 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Motomura and Uehara 2020: 45 + +; + +Koeda 2020 b +: 928 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Motomura 2023: 129 + +. + + + + + + + + + +Pempheris otaitensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Schmidt 1913: 121 + +; + +Randall et al. 1997 + +(in part): 35, pl. 8 (fig. F). + + + + + + + + +Pempheris +sp. + +: +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part), 878; + +Motomura et al. 2010 + +(in part): 131, fig. 253; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +holotype +and non-types are given in Table +2 +of +Koeda et al. (2010 a +). Dorsal-fin rays +VI +, 9–10; anal-fin rays III, 38–46; pectoral-fin rays 17–19; pored lateral-line scales 60–72; scale rows above lateral line 5 1 / 2–7 1 / 2, usually 6 1 / 2; scale rows below lateral line 13–17; predorsal scales 33–44; circumpeduncular scales 18–22; gill rakers 8–9 + 20 – 22 = 28–31; head length 27.7–31.5 %; body depth 40.9–48.2 %; eye diameter 36.4–43.9 %; upper jaw length 50.0–56.0 %; maximum +208 mm +SL, usually < +180 mm +SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long ( +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: fig. 2 a); body silver; distinct blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; blackish band on anal-fin base with rarely blackish band on its margin; upper margin of pectoral fin dusky; villiform tooth band extending outside lips on large specimen; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped. + + + + + + +Counts of + +Pempheris schwenkii + +and + +P. xanthoptera + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +P. schwenkii + +P. xanthoptera +
SyntypesNon-typesHolotypeNon-types
Number of individuals22321355
Number of individuals87.2, 89.720.4–125.9116.828.2–136.6
Standard length----
Dorsal fin raysVI, 9VI – VII, 9–10VI, 9VI – VII, 9
Anal fin raysIII, 35–36III, 35–42III, 38III, 35–42
Pectoral fin rays17–1816–181816–19
Left pored lateral-line scales4844–534845–54
Right pored lateral-line scales48–4945–534746–54
Scale above lateral line3 1 / 23 1 / 2–4 1 / 23 1 / 23 1 / 2
Scale rows below lateral line1010–131010–13
Circumpeduncular scales1210–121212–14
Gill rakers7 + 18–196–9 + 18 – 22N / A7 – 9 + 18 – 21
+ + + + +Distribution. + + +Widely distributed in the western to central Pacific Ocean (not in the Hawaiian Islands), and +Christmas Island +and Cocos-Keeling Island in the Indian Ocean. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Tanega-shima to Yonaguni-jima islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Minamidaito-jima Island in the Daito Islands, and Haha-shima and Chichi-jima islands in the Ogasawara Islands. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Nang-fang-ao in Yilan County, Yeh Liu in New Taipei City, Tainan County, Chung-chou in Kaohsung County, Hengchung, and Kenting in Pingtung County, Fugang in Taitung County, and Lanyu (Fig. +10 +). + + + + + + + +Pempheris oualensis + +A +fresh specimen (NMMB-P 27821, 175.4 mm SL, Hengchung, Pingtung, Taiwan) and +B +underwater photograph (Dobuiso, Ogasawara Islands, Japan). + + + + + + + +Distribution of + +Pempheris oualensis + +based on the collection locality of the specimens. + + + + + +Remarks. + + +This species has similar characters as + +Pempheris otaitensis +Cuvier, 1831 + +and + +Pempheris ufuagari + +which share a distinct black blotch on pectoral-fin base and whose large body sizes reaches> +160 mm +SL. However, + +P. oualensis + +is unique in having a dark coloration on the upper margin of its pectoral fin and a villiform tooth band extends outside the lips on large specimens. The scale count of this species varies among populations that specimens collected from the northwestern Pacific have 61–66 pored lateral-line scales, but specimens collected from southern Pacific have 67–71. Additionally, specimens collected from Andaman Sea have 5 ½ scale rows above lateral line, whereas those from the Pacific Ocean have 6 ½ or 7 ½, with the frequency of specimens with 7 ½ scale rows above lateral line being lower in the northwestern Pacific than in southern areas. In particular, the Andaman population may be a species distinct from the Pacific populations, but more specimens and genetic evidence are necessary to discuss whether the differences are interspecific or intraspecific. + + +Although +Okada (1938) +gave the Japanese name “ Ryukyu-hatampo ” to + +P. oualensis + +which was listed in +Snyder (1912) +, specimen ( +USNM +75468) used for the list was re-identified to + +P. adusta +( +Koeda et al. 2013 b +) + +. Therefore, the standard Japanese name “ Ryukyu-hatampo ” was adopted for + +P. adusta + +and the standard Japanese name “ Yume-hatampo ” was provided to + +P. oualensis + +by +Koeda et al. (2010 a +) who first reported this species from Japanese waters. This species is the largest species of + +Pempheris + +that reaches> +200 mm +SL; the largest specimen was collected from the Ogasawara Islands and measured +208.8 mm +SL ( +KAUM +– I. 74584). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/59/12/D4/5912D4E8621D5DB9BF5E91576B60D30B.xml b/data/59/12/D4/5912D4E8621D5DB9BF5E91576B60D30B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9730675dfeb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/59/12/D4/5912D4E8621D5DB9BF5E91576B60D30B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris vanicolensis +Cuvier, 1831 + + + + + +Figs 15 +, +16 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Kibire-hatampo + + + + + + + +Pempheris vanicolensis + +Cuvier, 1831: 305 +(type locality: Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands); + +Shao and Chen 1991: 163 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Shao et al. 1992: 177 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Shen 1993: 391 + +, pl. 114, fig. 2; + +Koeda et al. 2010 b +: 78 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2012 a +: 71 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 237 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2013 b +: 127 + +; + +Chiang et al. 2014: 183 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 327 + +; + +Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2015: 275 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2016 b +: 50 + +, fig. 226; + +Koeda 2017 a +: 5 + +; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 299 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2019: 929 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 11 + +; + +Nakamura et al. 2022: 1 + +, fig. 1. + + + + + + + + + +Pempheris + +sp.: +Shao et al. 2013 +(in part): 161, unnumbered fig. (middle fig.); + +Shao et al. 2008: 254 + +; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984. + + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +holotype +and non-types are given in Table +2 +of +Koeda et al. (2010 b +). Dorsal-fin rays +VI +, 9; anal-fin rays III, 38–43; pectoral-fin rays 17–19; pored lateral-line scales 56–65; scale rows above lateral line 5 ½ – 6 ½, usually 5 ½; scale rows below lateral line 12–15; predorsal scales 30–35; circumpeduncular scales 16–18; gill rakers 8 + 19–21 = 27–29; head length 29.1–31.7 %; body depth 42.4–46.3 %; eye diameter 37.5–42.9 %; upper jaw length 48.9–55.3 %; maximum +156 mm +SL; snout rounded; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long ( +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: see fig. 2 a); body silverish to copperish in fresh specimen collected in day time, but silver in night time; tip of dorsal fin distinctly blackish; usually distinct blackish band on outer edge of anal fin; pectoral fin bright yellow (disappear in fixed specimens) with lacking blackish blotch on its base; posterior margin of caudal fin blackish; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped. + + + + + + + +Pempheris vanicolensis + +A +fresh specimen (KAUM – I. 65386, 132.7 mm SL, Hengchung, Pingtung, Taiwan) and underwater photograph (Palau). + + + + + +Distribution. + + +Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean except for small islands and atolls in central Pacific. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Iriomote-jima and Yonaguni-jima islands in the southern Ryukyu Archipelago. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Yeh Liu and Wang-li in New Taipei City, and Hengchung and Kenting in Pingtung County (Fig. +15 +). Specimens were collected from +0–2 m +depth in +Japan +but are known from deeper (ca +20 m +) in other areas. KK observed a small school of this species at Kuchinoerabu-jima Island ( +24 Aug. 2016 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + +This species was described by +Cuvier (1831) +, and the name + +P. vanicolensis + +has been used for several species, particularly from the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. However, this species has only been collected from the Pacific Ocean and not from the Indian Ocean as shown in the present study. +Jordan and Hubbs (1925) +reported that the “ + +P. japonica + +” documented by +Snyder (1912) +from +Okinawa +Island was a misidentification of + +P. vanicolensis + +. The early period of modern-day ichthyology in +Japan +probably followed Jordan and Hubbs (1952), and + +P. vanicolensis + +was recognized as “ Minami-hatampo ” in the species lists of Japanese waters (e. g., +Okada 1938 +; +Matsubara 1955 +). However, + +P. vanicolensis + +is very rare in +Japan +, and re-examination of Snyder’s specimen ( +SU +22002) revealed that it was a misidentification of + +P. schwenkii + +, which is the most common species around +Okinawa +Island. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7B/2F/ED/7B2FEDD0F8105E4699D8487F4F59B26E.xml b/data/7B/2F/ED/7B2FEDD0F8105E4699D8487F4F59B26E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ed89eb71dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7B/2F/ED/7B2FEDD0F8105E4699D8487F4F59B26E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1661 @@ + + + +Polymixia melanostoma, a new beardfish from the western Pacific (Teleostei, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) + + + +Author + +Fan, You-Ci +https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3937-9026 +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Su, Yo +0000-0002-3576-9229 +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan & Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Lin, Chien-Hsiang +0000-0002-9843-9729 +Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Chang, Chih-Wei +0000-0002-0659-9582 +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan & Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan & Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center, National Academy of Marine Research, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Lin, Hsiu-Chin +0000-0001-8116-0484 +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +105 +121 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1220.125127 +B55A8A7C-6424-463E-9FCE-572B5C675B1A + + + + + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 +, +2 +, +3 +, +4 A +, +5 B +, +6 +, +7 +; +Tables 1 +, +2 +, +3 +, +4 New English name. Black-mouth beardfish New Chinese name. 黑口鬚銀眼鯛 + + + + + + +Polymixia japonica + + +(non Günther): + +Li 2010: 12–13 + +(in part, specimens were mixed with + +P. japonica + +). + + + + + + +Type specimens. + + + + +Holotype + +: +Taiwan +• +NMMB-P 39587 +( +110.2 mm +SL +); +northern South China Sea +, +Pingtung +, +off Dong-gang fishing port +; ca + +22°22'22"N +, +120°27'34"E + +; + +27 January 2023 + +; +Y. Su +leg.; +in bottom trawl +; + +COI + +: +PP 556538 +. + + + + + +Paratypes + +( +n += 2; +SL +122.5–153.0 mm): +Taiwan +• +1 specimen +; +NMMB-P 39588 +( +SL +122.5 mm +); +Taitung +, +off Chenggong fishing port +; ca + +23°05'52.93"N +, +121°22'43.05"E + +; + +11 September 2009 + +; purchased by +C.-W. Chang +; +hook and line +; + +COI + +: +PP 556540 + +. – + +New Caledonia +• +1 specimen +; + +MNHN +2014-2291 + +( +153 mm +SL +); +Coral Sea +, +Chesterfield Islands +; + +21°10'2.40"S +, +158°37'24.01"E + +; + +765–778 m + +deep; + +11 October 2005 + +; +EBISCO +, at st. CP 2545 + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name +melanostoma +is a combination of Greek +melano +and +stoma +, meaning “black mouth”, in reference to its unique black oral cavity. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +differs from its congeners in having the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays IV – +V +, 35–37; gill rakers on the outer face of first gill arch 3 + 1 + 6 = 10; S 1 6–8; S 2 12–14; pyloric caeca 40; snout rounded, with surface rough and gelatinous, its tip evidently protrude anterior margin of premaxilla; ctenii on body scales arranged in wedge shape, forming three rows; 4 +th +anal-fin spine long, 1.0– +1.2 in +eye diameter; dorsal-fin long, 49.6–53.0 % +SL +; oral-branchial cavity, not including the underside of tongue, black. + + + + +Description. + + +Meristic and morphometric data are provided in Tables +1 +, +2 +. Data below are for the +holotype +, followed by a range of +paratypes +in parentheses, except where indicated. + + + + + + +Meristic and morphological characters of + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +and three similar sympatric congeners. Abbreviation: +NT +, non-types. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. + +P. japonica + +P. berndti + +P. longispina +
Holotype +Paratype ( +n += 2) + +NT +( +n += 20) + +NT +( +n += 39) + +NT +( +n += 29) +
Dorsal-fin raysV, 35IV – V, 36–37IV – VI, 31–34IV – VI, 28–31V, 28–32
Pectoral-fin rays1715–1615–1713–1715–17
Pelvic-fin raysi + 6i + 6i + 6i + 6i + 6
Anal-fin raysIV, 14IV, 14–16IV – V, 14–16III – IV, 13–17IV, 13–16
Gill rakers3 + 1 + 6 = 103 + 1 + 6 = 103–4 + 1 + 7 – 9 = 11 – 143–4 + 1 + 7 – 8 = 11 – 134 + 1 + 6–9 = 11 – 14
Pseudobranchial filaments273326–3521–3220–25
Pyloric caeca40— +37 – 56 ( +n += 2) + +41–55 ( +n += 7) + +26–30 ( +n += 3) +
Vertebrae12 + 17 = 2912 + 17 = 2912 + 16–17 = 28 – 2912–13 + 17 = 29 – 3012 + 17 = 29
Lateral line scales3535–3930–3427–3629–36
S 167–86–85–74–7
S 2121411–168–118–11
S 3151613–1711–1610–16
Snout tipProtruded-Not protrudedProtrudedNot or slightly protruded
Oral cavityBlack-White or partly blackWhiteWhite
Branchial cavityBlack-BlackWhiteWhite
Scales ctenii distributionWedge-WedgeVerticalVertical
+ + +Dorsal-fin rays +V +, 35 (IV – +V +, 36–37); pectoral-fin rays 17 (15–16); pelvic-fin rays i + 6 (i + 6); anal-fin rays IV, 14 ( +IV +, 14–16); principal caudal-fin rays 9 + 9 = 18 (9 + 9 = 18), uppermost and lowermost rays unbranched; procurrent caudal-fin rays 5 (6) dorsally and 5 (5) ventrally; lateral-line scales 35 (35–39); S 1 6 (7–8); S 2 12 (14); S 3 15 (16, n = 1); gill rakers on the outer face of first gill arch 3 + 1 + 6 = 10 (3 + 1 + 6 = 10); pseudobranchial filaments 27 (33); pyloric caeca 40; branchiostegal rays 7 and only posterior 4 visible. Vertebrae 12 + 17 = 29 (12 + 17 = 29); supraneural and pterygiophore insertion formula: 0 / 0 // 0 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 2 (0 / 0 // 0 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 + 1 / 1 + 2, n = 1). + + +Body rather slender, longer than deep, depth at dorsal-fin origin 2.8 (2.5–3.0) in +SL +. Head large, its length 2.9 (2.8–2.9) in +SL +; from snout to forehead rising gently; upper profile in front of dorsal fin slightly concave; forehead narrow, its width 6.1 (7.5–7.6) in +HL +; eyes large, 2.8 (2.6–3.0) in +HL +; snout rounded, its surface rough and gelatinous with several small bumps, tip protruding anteriorly from premaxilla, its length 6.1 (5.8–6.1) in +HL +; space between eyes convex and rather narrow, interorbital width 3.0 (3.1–3.4) in +HL +. + + +Mouth large, posterior end of maxilla extending distinctly beyond vertical through posterior margin of eye. Nostrils close together but separated by narrow membranes, both immediately in front of anterior margin of eye and below horizontal through of eye; posterior nostril much larger than anterior one. No knob at symphysis of dentaries. Two supramaxillae, with anterior one triangular and posterior one rectangular, rounded posteriorly, not covering posterior portion of maxilla; postventral corner of maxilla exposed. Posterior-ventral margin of preopercle serrated with tip slightly pointed. Lower-jaw barbels, length 1.2 (1.0–1.1) in +HL +, its end exceeds pelvic-fin origin. + +Most portions of lateral and medial surfaces of premaxilla and dentary covered with villiform teeth. Palatine and ectopterygoid with narrow band of villiform teeth; vomer with an oblong patch of villiform teeth. Endopterygoid with a large patch of villiform teeth. Gill rakers rod-shaped, somewhat laterally compressed, with villiform teeth on inner surfaces; those in outer row of the first arch longest; rakers on inner row of the first arch and both inner and outer rows of the second to third arches short, forming bumps; those on the fourth arch forming bumps; small tooth patches forming bumps, present on midline of all four outer arches. Villiform, teardrop-like tooth patches present on the fifth ceratobranchial. Small villiform teeth patch on the second pharygobranchial forming oval patches. Large, teardrop-like tooth patches on the third pharyngobranchial. + +Body covered with firmly attached ctenoid scales; ctenii on body scales arranged in a wedge shape, forming three rows (Fig. +3 A +). Isthmus with ctenoid scales; gular region naked, without scales. + + +Dorsal fin long, 2.0 (1.9–2.0) in +SL +. Dorsal-fin spines progressively longer posteriorly, length of the longest spine 0.9 (0.8–0.9) in eye diameter; outer margin of soft rays slightly concave; the first soft ray longest, and gradually shorter posteriorly. Anal-fin spines progressively longer posteriorly, length of the longest spine rather long, 1.2 (1.0–1.2) in eye diameter; outer margin of soft rays slightly concave; first soft ray longest. Pectoral fin short, 1.6 (1.5–1.8) in +HL +, its tip not reaching lateral line when adpressed to body. Pelvic fin without spine, its end slightly exceeds through pectoral-fin end vertical. Caudal-fin concave and pointed. Pyloric caeca pale, unbranched. + + + + +Size. + + +Moderately small species. The biggest specimen examined was 153.0 mm +SL +. + + + + +Coloration. + + +When fresh, body silvery, with dorsum slightly dusky (Fig. +1 A +). Tip of anteriormost nine dorsal-fin soft rays black, forming distinct spot ( +paratype +). Anal-fin rays pale, second to fourth spines and anteriormost five soft rays with few black pigmentations. Caudal fin grayish. Pelvic fin pale, with black pigmentations on first, fifth, and seventh rays. + + + + + + + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +, holotype, NMMB-P 39587, 110.2 mm +SL +A +fresh +B +preserved +C +x-radiograph. + + + +Body color, when preserved, similar to when fresh, slightly yellowish (Figs +1 B +, +2 +). Snout semitransparent. Oral cavity, including dorsal surface of tongue black (Fig. +4 A +). Underside of tongue pale. Inner side of opercle and peritoneum black (Fig. +5 A +). Tip of lower jaw without black spots. + + + + + + +Preserved paratypes of + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +A +MNHN +2014-2291, 153 mm +SL +B +NMMB-P 39588, 122.5 mm +SL +. + + + + + +Otolith. + + +The sagittal otolith was taken from +NMMB-P +39588 ( +122.5 mm +SL +) and measured +6.8 mm +in length (Fig. +6 +). Otolith rhomboidal (length / height ratio 1.36), moderately thick (Fig. +6 A +). Dorsal margin gently raised, lobed, highest at central; ventral margin slightly crenulated, regularly curved, deepest slightly anterior to central; posterior margin blunt, crenulated, not extending posteriorly; anterior margin triangular with incised notch; rostrum short and broad; antirostrum pointed; inner face convex; outer face slightly concave; sulcus centrally positioned, well divided into ostium and cauda; ostium wider than cauda, short, oblong, nearly filled with colliculum; cauda elongated, strongly curved at posterior with tip directing ventrally; cristae well developed; dorsal depression shallow, just above crista superior. + + + + +Distribution. + + +This species is known from specimens collected from southwestern and eastern +Taiwan +and the Chesterfield Islands of +New Caledonia +, suggesting a broad distribution in the western Pacific Ocean. Inhabits at depth down to +778 m +(based on + +MNHN + +2014-2291). + + + + +Genetic analysis. + + +The phylogenetic tree of + +Polymixia + +was reconstructed by the maximum-likelihood method with HKY + G + I ( +Hasegawa et al. 1985 +) nucleotide substitution models. The monophyly of + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +specimens is strongly supported by a bootstrap value of 99 % (Fig. +7 +). + + +The pairwise genetic distance analysis with the K 2 P model reveals an average interspecific distance of 4.4–14.5 % between + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +and the other six congeneric species (Table +4 +). The shortest genetic distance is with + +P. japonica + +, while the farthest is with + +P. berndti + +. + + + + +Comparison. + + + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from 10 of the 12 congeneric species in having fewer gill rakers (3 + 1 + 6 = 10 vs 3–13 + 1 + 6 – 13 = +11 – 24 in + +P. lowei + +, + +P. japonica + +, + +P. berndti + +, + +P. fusca + +, + +P. yuri + +, + +P. longispina + +, + +P. salagomeziensis + +, + +P. busakhini + +, + +P. sazonovi + +, and + +P. carmenae + +; Table +2 +; +Kotlyar 1996 +; +Caixeta et al. 2024 +). Among these congers, only + +P. nobilis + +has a count that overlaps with + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +Borden et al. (2019) +suggested that + +P. nobilis + +might not only occur in the Atlantic Ocean but also the Pacific. However, in comparison to the description and data provided by +Kotlyar (1996) +, + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +differs from + +P. nobilis + +in having fewer pyloric caeca (40 vs +108 in + +P. nobilis + +), fewer S 2 (12–14 vs 15–16), different vertebral formula (12 + 17 = 29 vs 14 + 15 = 29), a longer head (34.2–35.4 % +SL +vs 30.8–32.3 % +SL +), a longer dorsal fin (49.6–53.0 % +SL +vs 41.3–44.3 % +SL +), and a more protruding snout (vs slightly protruding). + + +Although the number of gill rakers for + +Polymixia hollisterae + +was not documented by +Grande and Wilson (2021) +, + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +differs from + +P. hollisterae + +in having more dorsal-fin rays (IV, 35–37 vs +V +, 31–32), more pyloric caeca (40 vs 30), and higher numbers of S 1 (6–8 vs 5), S 2 (12–14 vs 10), and S 3 (15–16 vs 12–14). + + +Compared with the species co-occurring in +Taiwan +( + +Polymixia japonica + +, + +P. longispina + +, and + +P. berndti + +), + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +exhibits meristic counts overlapping with + +P. japonica + +and shares distinctive characteristics, including a black branchial cavity (Fig. +5 +) and ctenii on scales distributed in a wedge shape (Fig. +3 +). It differs from + +P. japonica + +in having fewer number of gill rakers (3 + 1 + 6 = 10 vs 3–4 + 1 + 7 – 9 = 11 – 14; Table +2 +), more dorsal-fin rays (IV – +IV +, 35–37 vs IV – +VI +, 31–34; Table +2 +), a longer dorsal fin (49.6–53.0 % +SL +vs 42.5–48.3 % +SL +; Table +3 +), a fully black oral cavity (vs partly black; Fig. +4 +, Table +2 +), and a more protruding snout (vs not protruding; Table +2 +). + + + + + + +Right-side scales of + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +, holotype, NMMB-P 39587, 110.2 mm +SL +A +scale on caudal peduncle +B +scale on anterior dorsal-fin base +C +scale on isthmus. Scale bar: 1 mm. + + + + + + + +Close-up image of oral-cavity coloration of preserved +A + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +, holotype, NMMB-P 39587, 110.2 mm +SL +B + +P. longispina + +, NMMB-P 39585, 128.5 mm +SL +C + +P. japonica + +, NMMB-P 39573, 104.9 mm +SL +. Figure not to scale. + + + + + + + +Close-up image of branchial-cavity coloration of preserved +A + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +, holotype, NMMB-P 39587, 110.2 mm +SL +B + +P. longispina + +, NMMB-P 39585, 128.5 mm +SL +C + +P. japonica + +, NMMB-P 39573, 104.9 mm +SL +. Figure not to scale. + + + + + + + +Right sagittal otolith of + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +, paratype (CHLOL 25610, from NMMB-P 3988, 122.5 mm +SL +) +A +ventral face +B +inner face. Scale bar: 1 mm. + + + + + + + +Morphometric data for + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +and three similar sympatric congeners. Abbreviations: A, anal-fin; D, dorsal-fin; +NT +, non-types; P, pectoral-fin; V, pelvic-fin. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. + +P. japonica + +P. berndti + +P. longispina +
Holotype +All types ( +n += 3) + +NT +( +n += 20) + +NT +( +n += 39) + +NT +( +n += 30) +
+SL +(mm +110.2128.5 (110.2–152)-98.2 (88.7–107.1)-106.3 (62.0–173)-104.8 (62.4–135.5)-
+% +SL +-Mean (range)S. D.Mean (range)S. D.Mean (range)S. D.Mean (range)S. D.
Head length34.334.6 (34.2–35.4)0.732.6 (30.1–34.9)1.434.8 (32.8–37.7)1.834.3 (30.2–36.5)1.5
Body depth35.636.2 (33.3–39.6)3.235.4 (30.3–41.4)2.935.9 (32.7–40.6)1.838.9 (33.9–42.2)1.9
Eye diameter12.112.4 (12.0–13.2)0.711.2 (8.8–12.5)0.911.2 (9.7–12.9)0.811.1 (8.9–12.9)0.8
Interorbital11.611.0 (10.5–11.6)0.510.3 (8.8–12.3)0.910.6 (8.7–12.4)1.011.1 (9.4–12.7)0.7
Upper-jaw length17.818.6 (17.8–19.1)0.717.4 (16.1–19.2)0.918.9 (17.2–20.3)0.617.9 (15.3–19.4)0.9
Lower-jaw length15.316.3 (15.3–17.0)0.915.8 (14.4–19.5)1.317.4 (16.0–19.8)0.916.6 (12.9–21.7)1.3
Snout length5.65.8 (5.6–6.1)0.36.0 (5.1–7.0)0.55.9 (4.3–7.0)0.77.1 (3.7–8.8)1.3
Postorbital length17.017.5 (17.0–18.3)0.717.1 (15.3–18.8)1.119.1 (16.9–20.8)1.018.4 (17.3–19.5)0.6
Forehead height5.64.9 (4.6–5.6)0.65.6 (4.2–7.6)0.95.8 (3.9–10.7)1.27.4 (3.8–10.7)1.4
Predorsal length46.346.6 (46.3–47.1)0.448.4 (45.4–51.6)1.851.2 (48.5–54.7)1.755.1 (49.1–58.5)2.7
Prepectoral length33.834.1 (33.8–34.5)0.432.5 (29.5–34.6)1.134.5 (32.3–37.4)1.235.1 (31.3–37.3)1.6
Prepelvic length38.440.5 (38.4–43.0)2.339.2 (36.4–42.0)1.341.4 (35.8–43.7)1.741.4 (35.3–44.4)2.0
Preanal length66.068.5 (66.0–71.5)2.868.3 (65.1–71.3)1.672.9 (67.3–77.7)2.070.0 (63.3–75.7)2.6
D length49.651.1 (49.6–53.0)1.745.3 (42.5–48.3)1.542.8 (40.7–47.1)1.243.2 (40.7–46.4)1.5
D height13.714.7 (13.7–16.6)1.714.7 (12.1–17.0)1.217.1 (13.1–20.1)1.615.1 (12.7–19.3)1.8
Longest D spine10.510.7 (10.1–11.5)0.813.1 (11.3–15.0)1.110.6 (5.7–15.0)2.012.8 (9.5–19.7)2.4
A length18.917.6 (16.8–18.9)1.119.3 (17.9–21.2)0.917.5 (15.0–21.6)1.518.5 (16.5–20.7)1.1
A height13.514.1 (13.5–15.0)0.812.8 (11.5–15.8)1.212.2 (7.2–15.2)1.513.9 (12.2–19.0)1.6
Longest A spine14.914.0 (12.0–15.2)1.712.9 (10.3–15.2)1.210.1 (7.7–13.5)1.515.1 (12.6–22.9)2.6
D – P length27.628.0 (23.6–33.0)4.729.2 (25.8–32.7)2.029.0 (17.8–31.5)2.231.1 (26.9–34.6)1.6
D – V length35.536.2 (33.3–39.8)3.336.4 (32.9–41.4)2.736.3 (33.3–39.3)1.639.0 (35.9–42.6)1.7
D – A length44.745.8 (44.3–48.3)2.243.9 (40.9–47.6)2.042.5 (37.9–47.4)1.745.9 (42.4–50.6)1.7
P – A length28.228.4 (26.1–30.8)2.331.2 (28.7–33.8)1.233.4 (29.4–38.8)2.130.3 (26.6–33.7)1.8
P – V length12.112.8 (12.1–13.6)0.711.8 (10.1–13.8)1.111.4 (7.1–15.5)1.712.9 (11.6–14.9)0.6
P length22.121.9 (19.5–24.1)2.318.3 (14.8–21.4)1.620.5 (18.2–22.2)1.020.4 (17.8–23.2)1.5
V length14.114.1 (12.9–15.1)1.112.5 (10.7–14.6)1.113.9 (12.3–15.7)0.913.0 (11.3–14.6)0.8
Caudal-peduncle length11.012.4 (11.0–13.4)1.213.5 (11.7–16.4)1.312.7 (10.2–16.2)1.812.9 (10.4–15.5)1.1
Caudal-peduncle height11.010.7 (10.6–11.0)0.210.9 (10.0–11.9)0.610.1 (9.0–12.3)0.710.7 (9.7–13.4)0.8
Caudal-fin length27.428.6 (27.4–29.7)1.728.8 (24.9–33.8)2.427.6 (24.6–30.3)1.728.4 (24.6–38.1)2.4
Barbel length29.431.8 (29.4–34.5)2.629.3 (26.1–35.6)2.628.8 (23.6–32.8)2.233.9 (22.6–40.0)5.5
+ + + + + + +Interspecific genetic distance of + +COI + +sequences of + +Polymixia +species + +calculated with Kimura- 2 - parameter model ( +Kimura 1980 +). The number in the first row correspond to the species names in the first column. Values are presented as percentage (%). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
--1234567
1 + +P. melanostoma + + +sp. nov. + +–––––––
2 + +P. japonica + +4.4––––––
3 + +P. fusca + +5.35.1–––––
4 + +P. longispina + +8.88.39.8––––
5 + +P. carmenae + +9.79.49.18.9–––
6 + +P. lowei + +10.09.78.98.82.7––
7 + +P. berndti + +14.516.013.215.314.514.1–
+ + +Additionally, + +P. melanostoma + +sp. nov. +is also similar to + +P. longispina + +in having a long fourth anal-fin spine (12.0–15.2 % +SL +, mean 14.0 vs 12.6–22.9 % +SL +, mean 15.1; Table +3 +) but differs from it in having less gill rakers (3 + 1 + 6 = 10 vs 4 + 1 + 6–9 = 11 – 14; Table +2 +), more dorsal-fin rays (IV, 35–37 vs +V +, 28–32; Table +2 +), more pyloric caeca (40 vs 26–30; Table +2 +), more S 2 (12–14 vs 8–11; Table +2 +), a shorter predorsal length (46.3–47.1 % +SL +vs 49.1–58.5 % +SL +; Table +3 +), a longer dorsal-fin (49.6–53.0 % +SL +vs 40.7–46.4 % +SL +; Table +3 +), a black oral cavity (vs white; Fig. +4 +; Table +2 +), a black branchial cavity (vs white; Fig. +5 +; Table +2 +), a more protruding snout (vs slightly protruding; Table +2 +), and the wedge-shaped distribution of ctenii on scales (vs vertical; Fig. +3 +; Table +2 +). + + + +Polymixia melanostoma + +sp. nov. +differs from + +P. berndti + +in having less gill rakers (3 + 1 + 6 = 10 vs 3–4 + 1 + 7 – 8 = 11 – 13; Table +2 +), more dorsal-fin rays (IV, 35–37 vs IV – +VI +, 28–31; Table +2 +), more S 2 (12–14 vs 8–11; Table +2 +), a shorter predorsal length (46.3–47.1 % +SL +vs 48.5–54.7 % +SL +; Table +3 +), a longer dorsal-fin (49.6–53.0 % +SL +vs 40.7–47.1 % +SL +; Table +3 +), a black oral cavity (vs white; Fig. +4 +; Table +2 +), a black branchial cavity (vs white; Fig. +5 +, Table +2 +), and the wedge-shaped distribution of ctenii on scales (vs vertical; Fig. +3 +, Table +2 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8B/0B/E0/8B0BE0D4EEBE5719BB8E5E482A4A0975.xml b/data/8B/0B/E0/8B0BE0D4EEBE5719BB8E5E482A4A0975.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..736645b8990 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8B/0B/E0/8B0BE0D4EEBE5719BB8E5E482A4A0975.xml @@ -0,0 +1,791 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris adusta +Bleeker, 1877 + + + + + +Figs 1 +, +2 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Ryukyu-hatampo + + + + + + + +Pempheris adusta + +Bleeker, 1877: 50 +, pl. 383, fig. 1 (type locality: +Ambon Island +, Molucca Islands, +Indonesia +); + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 235 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2013 b +: 221 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2013 c +: 123 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 303 + +, fig. 1; + +Motomura and Matsuura 2014: 270 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2015: 279 + +; + +Kaburagi 2016: 98 + +, upper fig. (without scientific name; shown as “ Ryukyu-hatampo ” in Japanese); + +Koeda et al. 2016 a +: 519 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2016 b +: 50 + +, fig. 224; + +Koeda et al. 2016 c +: 8 + +, fig. 3 - G; + +Koeda and Motomura 2017 a + +; + +Koeda 2017 a +: 5 + +, fig. 1 (middle fig.); + +Kimura et al. 2017: 119 + +, fig. 5; + +Planning and Tourism Division of Kikai Town 2017 +: 4 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Nakae et al. 2018: 266 + +; + +Koeda 2018 a +: 193 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 298 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2018 c +: 340 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Mochida and Motomura 2018: 30 + +; + +Koeda 2019: 926 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Murase et al. 2019: 132 + +, fig. 283; + +Fujiwara and Motomura 2020: 28 + +; + +Koeda 2020 a +: 407 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda 2020 b +: 926 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Motomura and Uehara 2020: 45 + +; + +Murase et al. 2021: 166 + +, fig. 339; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 5 + +; + +Motomura 2023: 126 + +. + + + + + + + + + +Pempheris mangula + + +(not +Cuvier, 1829 +): + +Schmidt 1913: 121 + +; + +Randall and Lim 2000: 622 + +. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris oualensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Snyder 1912: 497 + +; + +Okada 1938: 179 + +; + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 179 + +; + +Aoyagi 1948: 49 + +; + +Matsubara 1955: 590 + +; + +Tominaga 1963: 289 + +; + +Honda 1972: 72 + +; + +Masuda et al. 1975 + +(in part): 199, pl. 33 - D; + +Yoshino et al. 1975: 75 + +; + +Hayashi 1984 + +(in part): 160, pl. 151 - E; + +Shen 1984: 74 + +, pl. 74, fig. 334-1; + +Shao et al. 1992: 177 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Shen 1993: 390 + +, pl. 114 (fig. 1); + +Shao and Chen 1991: 162 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Chen et al. 1995 + +(probably in part): 25; + +Mochizuki 1995: 389 + +; + +Yoshigou et al. 2001: 141 + +; + +Chen 2003 + +(in part): 134; + +Ito 2009: 80 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Shao et al. 2008: 254 + +; + +Chen et al. 2010: 265 + +, fig. D; + +Chang et al 2011: 46 + +; + +Shen and Wu 2011: 498 + +, unnumbered fig; + +Shao et al. 2013 + +(in part): 163, unnumbered fig. (upper left); + +Chiang et al. 2014: 183 + +, unnumbered fig. + + + + + + + +Pempheris + +sp.: + +Uchida 1933: 218 + +(in part); + +Senou et al. 2006 a +: 77 + +; + +Senou et al. 2007: 56 + +; + +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part): 878; + +Senou et al. 2002: 212 + +; + +Yoshino 2008: 211 + +, unnumbered figs (lower two); + +Koeda et al. 2010 a +: 75 + +; + +Motomura et al. 2010 + +(in part): 131; + +Koeda et al. 2012 a +: 71 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2012 b +: 1086 + +; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984; + +Motomura et al. 2013: 169 + +, unnumbered figs. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris vanicolensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Chen et al. (2010) +: 266 + +, fig. B.; + +Shen and Wu 2011: 498 + +, unnumbered fig. + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +holotype +and non-types are given in Table +1 +of +Koeda et al. (2013 b +). Dorsal-fin spines 5 or 6, very rarely 5, soft rays 8–10, very rarely 8 or 10; anal-fin spines 3, soft rays 37–45, usually> 40; pectoral-fin rays 16–19, usually 17 or 18; pored lateral-line scales 51–62, usually> 54; scale rows above lateral line 4 ½ – 5 ½ (usually 4 ½); scale rows below lateral line 11–16, usually 12–14; predorsal scales 26–38; circumpeduncular scales 12–18, usually 16; gill rakers 7–10 + 20 – 23 = 28–32, usually 8–9 + 20 – 22 = 29–31; head length 26.3–31.8 % SL; body depth 40.2–47.3 % SL; eye diameter 36.0–47.1 % HL; upper jaw length 48.1–57.1 % HL; maximum +182.7 mm +SL, usually < +160 mm +SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long; body copper to brownish, whiter in nighttime; faint blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; tip and / or anterior margin of dorsal fin blackish; blackish band on outer margin of anal fin usually absent; blackish or dusky band on posterior edge of caudal fin; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped. + + + + + + +Counts of + +Pempheris nyctereutes + +and + +P. sasakii + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +P. nyctereutes + +P. sasakii +
HolotypeNon-typesHolotypeNon-types
Number of individuals118147
Standard length (mm)160.5100.5–162.493.187.7–169.8
Dorsal fin raysVI, 9VI, 9VI, 9VI – VII, 9–10
Anal fin raysIII, 44III, 42–44III, 43III, 40–46
Pectoral fin rays1918–201917–20
Left pored lateral-line scales7972–817267–78
Right pored lateral-line scales7774–827366–78
Scale above lateral line8 1 / 28 1 / 2–9 1 / 28 1 / 28 1 / 2–10 1 / 2
Scale rows below lateral line2323–282219–22
Circumpeduncular scales2222–24damaged24
Gill rakers8 + 208 + 19–208 + 197–9 + 19 – 22
+ + + + +Distribution. + + +Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean excepting small oceanic islands and atolls in central and southeastern Pacific. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Yaizu in +Shizuoka Prefecture +, Iburi and Otsuki in +Kochi Prefecture +, +Nagasaki +in +Nagasaki Prefecture +, Uchinoura Bay in +Kagoshima Prefecture +, Hachijo-jima islands in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima to Yonaguni-jima islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Minamidaito-jima Island in the Daito Islands, Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands in the Izu Islands, Haha-shima and Chichi-jima islands in the Ogasawara Islands. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Daxi in Yilan County, Yeh Liu in New Taipei City, Sihhu in Yunlin County, Tainan County, Checheng County, Hengchung, and Kenting in Pingtung County, Fugang in Taitung County, Lyudao, Lanyu, Xiao Liuqiu, and Penghu (Fig. +2 +). Common in coral-reef areas of the Ryukyu Archipelago of +Japan +, the southern coast, and eastern islands (Lyudao and Lanyu) of +Taiwan +, but few in other areas. Specimens collected from +0–20 m +depth. + + + + + + + +Pempheris adusta + +A +fresh specimen (ZUMT 62301, Nishidomari, Otsuki, Kochi, Japan) and +B +underwater photograph (Maeda, Onna, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan). + + + + + + + +Distribution of + +Pempheris adusta + +based on the collection localities of specimens. + + + + + +Remarks. + + +Although the taxonomic position of + +P. adusta + +was unsettled for a long time, the +holotype +( +RMNH +. +PISC +. 6161: +Ambon +, +Indonesia +) matches well with the specimens in +Koeda et al. (2013 b +). The original description of the species is also supported as follows: figures of six species ( + +P. mangula +Cuvier, 1829 + +, + +P. schwenkii + +, + +P. vanicolensis + +, + +P. adusta + +, + +P. otaitensis +Cuvier, 1831 + +, and + +P. oualensis + +) were illustrated in the plate of +Bleeker (1877) +; the first three species have no black blotch and the latter three species possess a black blotch on the pectoral-fin base. This was also mentioned in the text descriptions, where he specified that + +P. oualensis + +and + +P. otaitensis + +had a black blotch, but + +P. adusta + +has a black or brown blotch on the pectoral-fin base visible in the figure and clearly corresponding with the descriptions of the three species. +Koeda et al. (2014) +indicated that + +Pempheris adusta + +was widely distributed species from the Indian to Pacific oceans and had intraspecific variations in their morphology. The Pacific group differs from the Indian Ocean group in the following characters and individuals from Andaman Sea have characters intermediate between these two groups: pored lateral-line scales 51–62 (vs +56–63 in +Indian Ocean; +53–57 in +Andaman Sea); scale rows above lateral line usually 4 ½ (vs usually 5 ½ in Indian Ocean; 4 ½ in Andaman Sea); usually no blackish band on anal fin (vs distinct blackish band on outer margin of anal fin in Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea); blackish band on anal-fin base (no band on anal-fin base in Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea); and anterior margin of dorsal fin blackish (tip of dorsal fin blackish in Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea). Furthermore, +Koeda et al. (2014) +demonstrated that nucleotide sequences of specimens collected from the Red Sea, the Andaman Sea, and the Pacific Ocean showed only 0.4 % difference in mitochondrial + +16 S + +ribosomal DNA. Coupled with the observation of small morphological differences, they considered + +Pempheris flavicycla +Randall, Satapoomin & Alpermann, 2014 + +(type locality: Mafia Island, Chole Islands, Chole Bay, +Tanzania +) to be a junior synonym of + +P. adusta + +. However, +Randall et al. (2014) +countered this opinion based on the 2.5 % difference in + +COI + +sequences, stating that + +P. adusta + +is a species in Pacific Ocean, + +P. flavicycla + +is the valid species in Indian Ocean, and described the Andaman group as a subspecies + +Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri +Randall, Bogorodsky & Alpermann, 2014 + +. Based on the genetic comparison incorporating the + +COI + +and + +16 S + +genes in the present study, it was shown that there is more than a 2 % genetic difference between + +P. adusta + +and + +P. flavicycla + +(Fig. +3 +), which is not a subtle difference when compared to differences among other similar species in the genus. Although the issue of overlapped morphological differences remains in + +P. adusta + +and + +P. flavicycla + +, it is reasonable to support the opinion of +Randall et al. (2014) +that + +P. flavicycla + +is considered as a valid species distributed in Indian Ocean at the present time. + + + + + + +The Maximum-Likelihood ( +ML +) tree of + +Pempheris +species + +recovered from mitochondria + +16 S + +and + +COI + +. Values of the Shimodaira – Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test (SH-aLRT) for the +ML +tree, bootstrap values (BS) of the +NJ +tree, and the posterior probability (PP) for the +BI +tree are indicated at the nodes unless the branch lengths are <0.01. The museum voucher number of specimens are listed next to the taxon name. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/94/2D/4C/942D4C7252625279B581CFFDC4743B84.xml b/data/94/2D/4C/942D4C7252625279B581CFFDC4743B84.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f6c78acaf99 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/94/2D/4C/942D4C7252625279B581CFFDC4743B84.xml @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris nyctereutes +Jordan & Evermann, 1903 + + + + + +Figs 7 +, +8 +; +Table 1 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Taiwan-hatampo + + + + + + +Pempheris nyctereutes + + + +Jordan & Evermann, 1903: 339 + +, fig. 14 (type locality: Taipei City [Hokoto], Taiwan); + +Okada 1938: 179 + +; + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 179 + +; + +Matsubara 1955: 590 + +; + +The Marine Ecological Researching Society of Kagoshima University 1966 +: 19 + +; + +Shen 1993: 390 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 237 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 327 + +; + +Tominaga 1963: 281 + +, fig. 8; + +Hayashi 1984 + +(in part): 161; + +Randall and Lim 2000: 622 + +; + +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part): 877; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984; + +Shen and Wu 2011: 497 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Chiang et al. 2014: 183 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2019: 927 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda 2020 b +: 927 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 9 + +. + + + + + + + +Pempheris schwenkii + + +(not +Bleeker, 1855 +): + +Lee 1996: 97 + +, unnumbered fig. + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +holotype +and non-types are given in Table +1 +. Dorsal-fin rays +VI +, 9; anal-fin rays III, 42–44; pectoral-fin rays 18–20; pored lateral-line scales 72–81 usually> 79; scale rows above lateral line 8 1 / 2–9 1 / 2; scale rows below lateral line 23–28; circumpeduncular scales 22–24; gill rakers 8 + 19–20 = 27–28; head length 30.0–30.9 %; body depth 44.6–46.9 %; eye diameter 41.0–46.4 %; upper jaw length 51.3–53.5 %; maximum +161 mm +SL; snout sharp; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: fig. 2 a); body silver to dark brown in fresh specimens; tip and anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; anal fin pale with faint black band on base; paired fins pink; posterior half of caudal fin dusky; body light brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fin usually persistent, but not in +holotype +; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline is V-shaped. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Recorded only from +Taiwan +, +Hong Kong +, and +Vietnam +. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Nang-fang-ao in Yilan County, Keelung City, Aodi, Wanli, and Gongliao in New Taipei City, Tainan County, Fugang in Taitung County, Hengchung and Maobitou in Pingtung County, Lyudao, and Penghu (Fig. +8 +). + + + + + + +Fresh specimen of + +Pempheris nyctereutes + +, NMMB-P 27469, 149.4 mm SL, Penghu, Taiwan. + + + + + + + +Distribution of + +Pempheris nyctereutes + +(solid triangles and solid star for holotype locality) and + +Pempheris sasakii + +(solid diamonds and open star for holotype locality) based on the collection localities of the specimens. + + + + + +Remarks. + + +The taxonomic status of + +P. nyctereutes + +and + +P. sasakii + +that have similar morphology have been commonly confused. A comparison between these two species is discussed in the remarks for + +P. sasakii + +. + +Pempheris nyctereutes + +is sometimes collected by fisherman in southern +Taiwan +as bycatch with + +P. schwenkii + +and + +P. adusta + +, which are mainly distributed in coral-reef areas, suggesting that + +P. nyctereutes + +might be distributed in coral-reef areas. This species is also known from Ha Long Bay in +Vietnam +( +FRLM +49700; +Koeda 2018 d +) and +Hong Kong +( +BMNH +1939.3. 23.48). +Okada (1938) +, +Okada and Matsubara (1938) +, and +Matsubara (1955) +admitted + +P. nyctereutes + +and + +P. sasakii + +as valid species being endemic to +Taiwan +and +Japan +, respectively, and +Okada (1938) +gave the Japanese name “ Taiwan-hatampo ” and “ Mie-hatampo ” to them. +Tominaga (1963) +later proposed “ Takasago-hatampo ” for + +P. nyctereutes + +as a new Japanese name without any reasons (probably overlooking the original designation), and +Koeda et al. (2022) +followed that. Based on Rule 6 of the guidelines for the naming of standard Japanese names for fishes ( + +The Ichthyological Society of +Japan +2021 + +), “ Taiwan-hatampo ” proposed by +Okada (1938) +should be adopted for + +P. nyctereutes + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A4/C6/E9/A4C6E988719C5E53BB51DBFB013336D6.xml b/data/A4/C6/E9/A4C6E988719C5E53BB51DBFB013336D6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..abe05fbf287 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A4/C6/E9/A4C6E988719C5E53BB51DBFB013336D6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ + + + +Several new combinations from previous Didymocarpus to Palmatiboea (Gesneriaceae) + + + +Author + +Wen, Fang +0000-0002-3889-8835 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst & Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Science, Guilin 541006, China & Gesneriad Committee of China Wild Plant Conservation Association (GC), National Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIB (NGGRB), Gesneriad Conservation Center of China (GCCC), Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Fan, Qiang +0000-0003-4254-6936 +State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +250 + + +1 +6 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.250.138694 + + + + + +Palmatiboea gamosepalus +(Xin Hong & F. Wen) F. Wen & Q. Fan + +comb. nov. + + + + + + + +≡ + + +Didymocarpus heucherifolius var. gamosepalus +Xin Hong & F. Wen + +, in +PhytoKeys 128: 34. 2019 + +. + + + + + + + +≡ + +Palmatiboea heucherifolia var. gamosepala +(Xin Hong & F. Wen) F. P. Liu & Y. Z. Wang + +, in Journal of Systematic and Evolution doi: +10.1111/jse.13124 +: 13. 2024. + + + + + + + +Type +. + + + +China +• + +Guangxi Province +, cultivated in the nursery of +Gesneriad Conservation Center +of +China +( + +GCCC + +), introduced from north of +Guangdong Province +: +Pingyuan County +, +Meizhou City +, growing in rocky crevices at the foot of a calcareous sedimentary rocky hill. + +22 February 2019 + +, flowering, WF 20190222-05 ( +holotype +: +IBK +!; +isotype +: +AHU +!) + + + + + +Notes. + + +We have noticed that several newly revised species and genera names use the name abbreviation of the corresponding author Yin-Zheng Wang as “ +Y +. +Z +. Wang, ” such as the names of the two new genera, + +Palmatiboea +F. P. Liu & Y. Z. Wang and +Hequnia +Y. Z. Wang & F. P. Liu + +in +Liu et al. (2024) +. However, the name abbreviation “ +Y +. +Z +. Wang ” originates from Prof. Wang Yun-Zhang, a renowned Chinese mycologist and plant pathologist, whose name abbreviation first appeared in the 1980 s when he described 15 new species of Rust Fungi ( +Wang et al. 1980 +). Prof. Wang Yin-Zheng, on the other hand, first published a new taxon in the mid- 1990 s, + +Whytockia purpurascens +Yin Z. Wang + +and + +W. hekouensis +Yin Z. Wang + +( +Wang 1995 +). When + +W. purpurascens + +and + +W. hekouensis + +were published, the author’s name abbreviation was mistakenly written as “ +Y +. +Z +. Wang. ” However, the abbreviation “ +Y +. +Z +. Wang ” for Prof. Wang Yun-Zhang appeared 15 years earlier than that of Prof. Wang Yin-Zheng when describing new taxa ( +IPNI 2024 +); therefore, for the aforementioned nomenclature, including the new genera + +Palmatiboea + +and +Hequnia +and their respective species. Additionally, there are quite a few revised species of +Gesneriaceae +that incorrectly use “ +Y +. +Z +. Wang ” to refer to Prof. Wang Yin-Zheng. For example, + +Petrocosmea shilinensis +Y. M. Shui & H. T. Zhao +var. changhuensis +T. F. Lü & Y. Z. Wang + +should be changed as + +P. shilinensis var. changhuensis +T. F. Lü & Yin Z. Wang + +( +Li et al. 2020 +), and so on. In summary, the correct name abbreviation should be “ Yin +Z +. Wang, ” not “ +Y +. +Z +. Wang ” among the many revised species epithets of +Gesneriaceae +mentioned above. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/B7/99/2A/B7992AB5FDBC548FAAD0E9E07B59971B.xml b/data/B7/99/2A/B7992AB5FDBC548FAAD0E9E07B59971B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b4ef843206 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B7/99/2A/B7992AB5FDBC548FAAD0E9E07B59971B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,432 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris xanthoptera +Tominaga, 1963 + + + + + +Figs 13 +, +17 +, Suppl. material 2 New standard Japanese name: Mizuho-hatampo + + + + + + + +Pempheris xanthoptera + +Tominaga, 1963: 286 +, fig. 12 (type locality: Manazuri, +Kanagawa Prefecture +, +Japan +); + +Hiyama and Yasuda 1971: 204 + +, fig. 440; + +Masuda et al. 1975: 199 + +, pl. 33 - C; + +Hayashi 1984: 160 + +, pl. 151 - D; + +Kohno 1986: 135 + +, fig. 1; + +Randall et al. 1997: 35 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 11 + +. + + + + + + + + + +Pempheris molucca + +(not +Cuvier, 1829 + +): Temminck and Schlegel 1844: 85, pl. 44, fig. 3. + + + + + + +Pempheris oualensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Mochizuki 1995: 389 + +, unnumbered fig. (in part). + + + + + + + + +Pempheris schwenkii + + +(not +Bleeker, 1855 +): + +Masuda and Kobayashi 1994: 180 + +, fig. 6; + +Mochizuki 1995: 389 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Hatooka 1997 + +(in part): 380, unnumbered fig. (p. 381, lower left fig.); + +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part): 878; + +Takayama et al. 2003: 1317 + +, fig. 2; + +Senou et al. 2006 b +: 463 + +; + +Aramata 2007: 172 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Yoshino 2008 + +(in part): 211; + +Takagi et al. 2010: 69 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Kohno et al. 2011: 208 + +, unnumbered fig.; Senou et al. 2012: 212; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984; + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 237 + +; + +Motomura et al. 2013 + +(in part): 168, unnumbered fig.; + +Kawano et al. 2014: 48 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 327 + +; + +Ikeda and Nakabo 2015: 160 + +, figs 1–3; + +Takeuchi et al. 2015: 8 + +; Iwatsubo et al. 2016: 22, unnumbered figs; + +Kaburagi 2016: 98 + +, lower fig. (without scientific name; indicated as “ Minami-hatampo ”); + +Kimura et al. 2017 + +(in part): 120, fig. 2; + +Koeda 2017 a +: 9 + +, fig. 2 (middle); + +Koeda 2017 b +: 190 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda and Motomura 2017 a + +; + + +Kagoshima +City Aquarium Foundation 2018 + +: 210 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 298 + +, unnumbered fig. (lower left fig.); + +Koeda 2018 c +: 343 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Murase et al. 2019: 132 + +, fig. 284; + +Koeda 2020 a +: 407 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Murase et al. 2021: 166 + +, fig. 340; + +Koeda 2022: 158 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Motomura 2023: 129 + +(in part). + + + + + + + + +Pempheris vanicolensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Okada 1938: 179 + +(in part); + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 179 + +(in part); + +Matsubara 1955: 590 + +(in part); + +Abekawa and Nishi 1969: 24 + +. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris japonica + +(not +Döderlein, 1883 + +): Nakamura 1993: 148, fig. 6. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of of +holotype +and +paratypes +are given in Table +2 +. Dorsal-fin rays +VI +– VII, 9; anal-fin rays III, 35–42; pectoral-fin rays 16–19; pored lateral-line scales 45–54; scale rows above lateral line 3 1 / 2; scale rows below lateral line 10–13; predorsal scales 23–28; circumpeduncular scales 12–14; gill rakers 7–9 + 18 – 21 = 25–27; head length 27.9–31.9 %; body depth 39.3–45.4 %; eye diameter 36.4–44.1 %; upper jaw length 48.3–57.1 %; maximum +137 mm +SL; scales weakly ctenoid, very deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: fig. 2 a); body golden in daytime, but silver in night time; no blackish blotch on; tip of dorsal fin distinctly blackish; anal-fin base zonal blackish, and margin very faintly blackish; caudal fin yellow (disappears in fixed specimens); pectoral and pelvic fin hyaline or pink; posterior margin of caudal fin dusky; body light brown to dark brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fins usually persistent; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; posterior nostril usually open, not compressed; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped. + + + + + + +Fresh specimen of + +Pempheris xanthoptera + +, KBF-I 00268, 123.0 mm SL, Amaji, Otsuki, Kochi. + + + + + +Distribution. + + +Endemic to the Northwest Pacific, recorded only from +Japan +, +Jeju +Island in +Korea +( +Kim and Sakai 2004 +), and +China +. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Pacific coast (north to Boso Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture, south to Kagoshima Prefecture), Tsushima Island, East +China +Sea coast (north to Goto Islands in Nagasaki Prefecture, south to Kagoshima Prefecture), Izu-oshima, Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands in Izu Islands, Chichi-jima, Haha-jima, Ototo-jima islands in Ogasawara Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, Kuchinoerabu-jima, Iou-jima and Take-shima islands in northern Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. +13 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + +Although +Tominaga (1963) +described + +P. xanthoptera + +based on its differences in fin color and distributional pattern from + +P. schwenkii + +, the former has been usually considered as a junior synonym of the latter in recent publications in +Japan +(see the synonym list) without any discussion. Our genetic analysis revealed apparent differences between these two species with high node support values (Fig. +3 +). The morphological comparison showed the additional small difference between these two species, such as + +P. xanthoptera + +has the posterior nostril usually open, not compressed (vs slit-like; see +Koeda et al. 2014 +: fig. 8), and caudal fin yellow (vs pink to brown). The validity of + +P. xanthoptera + +was discussed in the remarks of + +P. schwenkii + +. + + +The standard Japanese name “ Minami-hatampo ” was used for both species and caused confusion, but this name should be adopted for + +P. schwenkii + +(see remarks of + +P. schwenkii + +). Therefore, a new standard Japanese “ Mizuho-hatampo ” is proposed for + +P. xanthoptera + +. “ Mizuho ” is an alternative name for +Japan +that frequently appears in ancient Japanese mythology and poetry, and it derives from the fact that the species is primarily distributed across the Japanese mainland. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/BE/4D/24/BE4D2458A9A250E0A1450E0E98ADDC01.xml b/data/BE/4D/24/BE4D2458A9A250E0A1450E0E98ADDC01.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c85abc64e2b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/BE/4D/24/BE4D2458A9A250E0A1450E0E98ADDC01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ + + + +Several new combinations from previous Didymocarpus to Palmatiboea (Gesneriaceae) + + + +Author + +Wen, Fang +0000-0002-3889-8835 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst & Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Science, Guilin 541006, China & Gesneriad Committee of China Wild Plant Conservation Association (GC), National Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIB (NGGRB), Gesneriad Conservation Center of China (GCCC), Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Fan, Qiang +0000-0003-4254-6936 +State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +250 + + +1 +6 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.250.138694 + + + + + +Palmatiboea yinzhengii +(J. M. Li & S. J. Li.) F. Wen & Q. Fan + +comb. nov. + + + + + + + +≡ + + +Didymocarpus heucherifolius var. yinzhengii +J. M. Li & S. J. Li + +, in +Phytotaxa 156 (3): 187. 2014 + +. + + + + + + + +≡ + +Palmatiboea heucherifolia var. yinzhengii +(J. M. Li & S. J. Li) F. P. Liu & Y. Z. Wang + +, in Journal of Systematic and Evolution doi: +10.1111/jse.13124:13.2024 +. + + + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +China +• +Hunan +: near +Yongxing County +. alt. + +300 m + +, + +26 ° 17 ' 10 " N +, +113 ° 11 ' 25 " E + +, + +6 May 2011 + +, Jia-Mei Li 1105062 ( +holotype +: +HEAC +!); ibid. Jia-Mei Li 11501 ( +paratype +: +IBK +!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C0/1F/69/C01F69A9ECF758039B27B7544A769688.xml b/data/C0/1F/69/C01F69A9ECF758039B27B7544A769688.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4b6713d4308 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C0/1F/69/C01F69A9ECF758039B27B7544A769688.xml @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + +Genus + +Pempheris +Cuvier, 1829 + + + + + + + + +Pempheris + +Cuvier, 1829: 195 +[type species: + +Pempheris touea + += + +Kurtus argenteus +Bloch & Schneider, 1801 + += + +Sparus +? +compressus +( +Shaw, 1790 +) + +: junior synonym of + +Pempheris compressa +( +Shaw, 1790 +) + +]. + + + + + + + + + +Priacanthopsis + +Fowler, 1906: 122 +(type species: + +Pempheris mulleri + +: junior synonym of + +Pempheris schomburgki +Müller & Troschel, 1848 + +)]. + + + + + + + + + +Catalufa + +Snyder, 1911: 528 +(type species: + +Catalufa umbra + +: junior synonym of + +Pempheris japonica +Döderlein, 1883 + +). + + + + + + + + + +Liopempheris + +Ogilby, 1913: 61 +(type species: + +Pempheris multiradiatus + +Klunzinger, 1879 + + +). + + + + + + + + +Description. + +Body shape oval, strongly compressed laterally; body deep, deepest at or near origin of dorsal fin; dorsal outline of head nearly straight or generally curved from snout to origin of dorsal fin; ventral outline of body generally curved to origin of pelvic fin; body depth rapidly decreases at posterior half of body; depth of caudal peduncle <1 / 4 of maximum body depth. +Eye large; snout very short; interorbital space slightly convex or flat; two nostrils located just anterior to anterior margin of eye. Mouth large, strongly oblique; lower jaw slightly project beyond upper jaw; villiform teeth on jaws; tip of tongue free from floor of mouth. Lips thin. Gill opening large; outer margin of opercle and preopercle smooth. Gill membranes on left and right sides separate, free from isthmus. Gill rakers long, 6–13 (upper) + 17–28 (lower) on first gill arch. +Body and head almost fully covered by strongly or weakly ctenoid scales except for lips and anterior to eye; ~ 1 / 3 of basal part of anal fin covered with small scales. Lateral line starts from uppermost position of opercle, generally follows dorsal outer margin, through middle of caudal peduncle, and extending to middle of posterior end of caudal fin. Anus slit-like, located just anterior to anal fin. Light organ present in some species (absent in species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere). + +Vertebral counts 10 + 15 (abdominal + caudal), very rarely 10 + 16; predorsal interneurals 3; 4 +th +interneural supporting 1 +st +dorsal-fin spine, inserted between 2 +nd +and 3 +rd +vertebrae; last interneural with last dorsal ray inserted between neural spines of 11 +th +and 12 +th +vertebrae, or 12 +th +and 13 +th +. First interhaemal supporting 1 +st +and 2 +nd +anal-fin spine, inserted in front of haemal spine of 11 +th +vertebra, and pointing to posterior end of dorsal fin. + + +Dorsal fin single, triangular; its base short, shorter than longest ray; 5–7 spines, last longest; 8–13 soft rays, 1 +st +or 2 +nd +longest, rapidly shorter posteriorly. Anal fin low, its base very long, length longer than body depth; three spines, last longest; 24–49 soft rays, 1 +st +longest, gradually shorter posteriorly. Pectoral fin pointed posterodorsally; 15–20 rays, uppermost two rays unbranched, 3 +rd +or 4 +th +ray longest, shorter in lower; pectoral-fin length longer than length of longest dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic fin small, with one spine and five soft rays, 1 +st +longest; last ray not connected to body with membrane. Caudal fin triangular, weakly forked. + + +Body color uniformly silver, copper, or golden without distinct patterns except for + +Pempheris ornata +Mooi & Jubb, 1996 + +(not in the Northern Hemisphere) which has longitudinal golden stripes on body laterally. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Indo-Pacific Ocean: north to southern +Japan +, east to Easter Island (not including Hawaii Islands), south to Tasmania, west to +South Africa +, and the Red Sea (some species migrated from the Red Sea to the eastern part of Mediterranean); western Atlantic Ocean: north to Florida; south to +Brazil +( +Mouneimne 1979 +; +Golani and Ben-Tuvia 1986 +; +Golani and Diamant 1991 +; +Koeda et al. 2014 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +This genus includes a large number of species, and the counts, measurements, and colorations are not very informative in distinguishing them from each other because of the interspecific uniformity and the intraspecific diversity of the results. This had led to significant taxonomic confusions, and the recent jumbled descriptions of abnormally high numbers of new species reported from the Indian Ocean have caused further misunderstandings in the taxonomy of the genus. + +Fowler (1906) +, +Snyder (1911) +, and +Ogilby (1913) +attempted to divide the genus + +Pempheris + +into two genera based on scale morphology. +Tominaga (1968) +described and compared the internal anatomy of many species of the genus and suggested that several species of genus + +Pempheris + +possess transitional characteristics to the genus + +Parapriacanthus + +. Therefore, he subdivided the genus + +Pempheris + +into seven groups. That work indicated that a systematic revision of the genus should be pursued. Although the authors of the present study are now revising the systematic taxonomy of the family +Pempheridae +on the basis of morphology and molecular approaches, the present classification of the genus + +Pempheris + +is tentatively used only for the species of +Japan +and +Taiwan +. + + +Molecular phylogenetic analysis using three methods ( + +ML + +, +NJ +, and +BI +) showed consistent topology, except for the placement of + +P. ufuagari + +. In the + +ML + +and +BI +trees, + +P. ufuagari + +is positioned as a sister to a clade composed of + +P. vanicolensis + +and + +P. oualensis + +with low node supporting values. In contrast, the +NJ +tree places + +P. ufuagari + +as a sister to a clade composed of + +P. vanicolensis + +and + +P. adusta + +. All species analyzed in this study displayed monophyly with high supporting values on their respective nodes. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39411760CFF62F971FF1C5253.xml b/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39411760CFF62F971FAD155C3.xml similarity index 83% rename from data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39411760CFF62F971FF1C5253.xml rename to data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39411760CFF62F971FAD155C3.xml index b5738bd0ac9..e56b45f4b2b 100644 --- a/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39411760CFF62F971FF1C5253.xml +++ b/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39411760CFF62F971FAD155C3.xml @@ -1,79 +1,77 @@ - - - -On three new species of the earthworm genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Moniligastridae) from south-western India + + + +On three new species of the earthworm genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Moniligastridae) from south-western India - - -Author + + +Author -Narayanan, S. Prasanth -Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. +Narayanan, S. Prasanth +Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. - - -Author + + +Author -Jose, Divya -Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Affiliated with University of Calicut, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur- 680 125, Kerala, India. +Jose, Divya +Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Affiliated with University of Calicut, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur- 680 125, Kerala, India. - - -Author + + +Author -Kurien, Vijo Thomas -Department of Zoology, C. M. S. College (Autonomous), Affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam- 686 001, Kerala, India. +Kurien, Vijo Thomas +Department of Zoology, C. M. S. College (Autonomous), Affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam- 686 001, Kerala, India. - - -Author + + +Author -Thomas, A. P. -Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. +Thomas, A. P. +Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2024 - -2024-11-28 + +2024 + +2024-11-28 - -5541 + +5541 - -4 + +4 - -563 -581 + +563 +581 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5541.4.8 -1175-5326 -14241310 -28B8456F-4E19-4CE9-B4A4-97A9FF4ED355 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5541.4.8 +1175-5326 +14241310 +28B8456F-4E19-4CE9-B4A4-97A9FF4ED355 - + - Drawida jatinderi Narayanan , sp. nov. - @@ -87,29 +85,28 @@ Narayanan Type material. - + Holotype : -Aclitellate +Aclitellate ( ZSIK -Reg.No. -ZSI/ -WGRC -/I. -R -.INV.26787), -Neriamangalam +Reg.No. +ZSI/WGRC/I.R.INV.26787 +), +Neriamangalam ( 10.05497222°N , 76.76191667°E -), around +), + +around 2 km -west of -Neriamangalam town +west of Neriamangalam town + , Ernakulam District , @@ -130,32 +127,32 @@ asl and S. Sathrumithra. - + Paratypes -: 3 aclitellates ( +: +3 aclitellates +( ZSIK -Reg. No. -ZSI/ -WGRC -/I. -R -.INV.26788), same collection data as for holotype +Reg. No. +ZSI/WGRC/I.R.INV.26788 +), same collection data as for holotype . - + Other material . -11 aclitellates, +11 aclitellates +, 1 juvenile ( -ACESSD -/EW/1768), same collection data as for holotype +ACESSD/EW/1768 +), same collection data as for holotype . @@ -249,7 +246,7 @@ On the left side of a specimen, the spermathecal pore is slightly aligned median on the left hand side, the atrium is large and longitudinally placed in segments 7 and 8. - + Etymology . Specific epithet ‘ @@ -265,6 +262,8 @@ is a masculine noun in genitive case. The species is named in honour of Dr. Jati Mainly fine soil, small pebbles, mica, and very few pieces of bark. + + Habitat @@ -404,7 +403,7 @@ locality. : Ernakulam District: Neriamangalam. - + Remarks . @@ -482,24 +481,9 @@ mushroom-shaped, erect; capsule vertical ovoid). Characteristics of the travancorensis group members are compared in -Table 1 +Table 1 . - - -TABLE 1. -Comparison of characters of - -Drawida jatinderi -Narayanan - - -sp. nov. - -with related species of the travancorensis - - -group. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39415760EFF62FD3BFB84510F.xml b/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39415760EFF62FD3BFB84510F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9f6f8b45b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E39415760EFF62FD3BFB84510F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,535 @@ + + + +On three new species of the earthworm genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Moniligastridae) from south-western India + + + +Author + +Narayanan, S. Prasanth +Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. + + + +Author + +Jose, Divya +Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Affiliated with University of Calicut, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur- 680 125, Kerala, India. + + + +Author + +Kurien, Vijo Thomas +Department of Zoology, C. M. S. College (Autonomous), Affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam- 686 001, Kerala, India. + + + +Author + +Thomas, A. P. +Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-28 + + +5541 + + +4 + + +563 +581 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5541.4.8 +1175-5326 +14241310 +28B8456F-4E19-4CE9-B4A4-97A9FF4ED355 + + + + + + + +Drawida paliwali +Narayanan + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figure 2A–H +) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: +Clitellate +( +ZSIK +Reg. No. +ZSI/WGRC/I.R.INV.26789 +), +Karimala Gopuram Hill +in Parambikulam Tiger Reserve ( +10.36333333°N +, +76.75258333°E +), + +around +4 km +south of Parambikulam round + +, +Palakkad District +, +Kerala State +, +India +, + +1153 m +asl + +, evergreen forest, + +2 August 2016 + +, collected by +S. Prasanth Narayanan +, +T +. +Augustine +and +S. Sathrumithra + +. + + +Paratypes + +: +4 clitellates +( +ZSIK +Reg. No. +ZSI/WGRC/I.R.INV.26790 +), same collection data as for holotype + +. + + + +Other material. +5 clitellates +( +ACESSD/EW/1728 +), same collection data as for holotype + +. + + + + +Diagnosis +. Length +54–83 mm +, width +3.5–4.5 mm +at segment 9, segments 122–141. Setae present from segment 2. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular on segments ¼9– ½14 (= 4¾), portion on ½14 visible only at high magnification. Spermathecal apertures paired, in intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned at +C +. Secondary male apertures paired in transverse slits, in intersegmental furrow 10/11, at mid +BC +. Genital markings absent. Gizzards three to four within segments 13–16. Vas deferens forming a large mass of hairpin loops, mass smaller than testis sac or somewhat equal in size, entering prostate directly, at sub-ental portion of glandular prostate at median side. Prostates paired, glandular, somewhat spheroidal or pear-shaped, erect or bend on itself; prostatic capsule smooth, club-shaped; prostatic duct shorter than glandular portion, vas enters at ental end of capsule. Atrium large, erect, distinctly bilobed, sac-like, surface wrinkled, one lobe each in segments 7 and 8, anterior lobe slightly shorter; duct entering at centre of junction of two atrial lobes. + + + + +Description +. +External +: Colour, dorsum brownish grey, ventrum pale in preservation. Body circular in cross section. Dimensions: +Holotype +: length +83 mm +, width +4.5 mm +at segment 9, segments 141; +paratypes +: length +60–73 mm +, width +3.5–4 mm +at segment 9, segments 122–137; other materials: length +54–71 mm +, width +4 mm +at segment 9, segments 124–139. Setae lumbricine, small, closely paired, present from segment 2; setal formula +AA += 5.5–6 +AB += 0.88–1.09 +BC += 7.33–8 +CD += 0.22–0.27 +DD +at segment 8 and +AA += 14–14.5 +AB += 0.933–1.07 +BC += 14–19.33 +CD += 0.36–0.38 +DD +at segment 20 (n = 2). Prostomium prolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum, annular on ¼9– ½14 (= 4¾) ( +Fig. 2A, B +), well demarcated by slight swelling in segments 10–13, portion on ½14 visible only at high magnification, reddish colour in preservation, intersegmental furrows distinct, setae visible. Spermathecal apertures paired, in intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned at +C +, nearly concealed in furrow, with puckered lips in segments 7 and 8 ( +Fig. 2A, B +). Secondary male apertures paired, in transverse slits, in intersegmental furrow 10/11, at mid +BC +; male genital region is demarcated by a pair of small asymmetrical pale whitish patches, present anterior and posterior of intersegmental furrow 10/11 ( +Fig. 2A, B +). Female pores minute in intersegmental furrow 11/12 at mid +AB +; pale whitish patch present behind female pores on segment 12, reach up to setal arc ( +Fig. 2A, B +). Nephridiopores visible from intersegmental furrow 5/6, in single line at +CD +, throughout. Genital markings absent. + + +Internal +: Pale brownish pigmentation in circular muscle layer. Septum 5/6 weak, septa 6/7/8/9 lightly muscular. Gizzards three to four, within segments 13–16, constantly present on segments 14, 15, anterior one smaller; intestine origin in segment 25±1. Last pair of hearts, commissures of extra oesophageal vessel on posterior face of septum 8/9 and 9/10 not recognizable. Testis sacs paired, large, asymmetrical, dislocated to posterior segments, generally extends in segments +10–15 in +left side, and +11–14 in +right side, not constricted by septum; vas deferens very long, thick, coiled to form a large mass of hairpin loops, aggregated mass smaller than testis sac or somewhat equal in size, entering prostate directly, at sub-ental portion of glandular prostate at median side. Prostates paired, glandular, somewhat spheroidal or pear-shaped, erect or bend on itself, posteriorly or laterally directed ( +Fig. 2C, D +); prostatic capsule smooth, club-shaped ( +Fig. 2E, F +); prostatic duct shorter than gland, vas deferens entering at ental end of the capsule. Spermathecal ampulla paired in segment 8, ampulla ovoid or flattish ovoid; atrium large, erect, distinctly bilobed, sac-like, surface of each lobe wrinkled ( +Fig. 2G, H +), one lobe each in segments 7 and 8, occupying the cavity of respected segments, anterior lobe slightly shorter; duct long, thick, coiled on the posterior face of septum 7/8, penetrates septum 7/8 close to body wall, entering at centre of junction of two atrial lobes. Ovarian chamber present; ovisacs paired, long, irregular-shaped, extends in segments 12–14, 15, tapering end, occasionally hooked entally. Nephridia holoic, avesiculate. + + + +Variations +. + +In +one specimen +, the tip of the penis-like organ is slightly everted from the secondary male aperture. Testis sac position: in +one specimen +it extends in segments 9–10 on right side, 10–13 on left side, another specimen it is in segments 12–15 on right side and in segments 12–14 on left side. + + + + +Etymology +. The specific epithet ‘ +paliwali’ +is a masculine eponym in the genitive case. Species is dedicated to Dr. Rahul Paliwal (retired scientist, Zoological Survey of +India +), as a recognition of his significant contributions to the taxonomic studies on the earthworms in +India +. He supported the first author’s works on the studies on earthworms by providing materials and expertise. + + + +Ingesta +. + +Chiefly colloids of fine soil with sparse bark-like organic materials. + + +Habitat +. Higher altitude evergreen forest with dark forest-loam soil. Due to the topographical peculiarity, altitudinal variations and the plant species combination in the Karimalagopuram and surrounding areas are unique, and often the forest of this region is referred to as shola forest ( +Sasidharan 2002 +). Common vegetation of this area is dominated by trees, shrubs, and other plants such as + +Mesua ferrea + +L., + +Cullenia exarillata +A. Robyns + +, + +Palaquium ellipticum +(Dalzell) Baill. + +, + +Litsea wightiana +(Nees) Benth. & Hook. + +fil., + +Calophyllum polyanthum +Wall. Ex Choisy + +, + +Strobilanthes +spp. + +, + +Christisonia tubulosa +(Wight) Benth. Ex Hook. + +fil, + +Arisaema murrayi +(J. Graham) Hook. + +etc. ( +Sasidharan 2002 +). + + + + + +Ecology +. + +Appears to be an endogeic species, as indicated by the pale colour and large quantity of fine soil and a few small particles of organic matter in the intestine. + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +was found to share the +type +locality with other earthworm species such as + +Moniligaster bahli +Narayanan & Julka, 2021 + +, + +M. horsti +Gates, 1940 + +, + +Megascolex cochinensis phaseolus +Stephenson, 1915 + +, and + +Notoscolex hastatus +(Stephenson, 1915) + +. + + + + +Distribution +. Endemic to +India +: +Kerala State +: Palakkad District: Karimala Gopuram hill in Parambikulam Tiger Reserve. + + + + +Remarks +. + +Drawida paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +belongs to the + +robusta + +species group. Species of this group have glandular prostates and bilobed spermathecal atria. The group consists of eight species, including two of them described in this work: + +D. robusta robusta +( +Bourne, 1886 +) + +, + +D. robusta ophidioides +( +Bourne, 1894 +) + +, + +D. ghatensis +Michaelsen, 1910 + +, + +D. somavarpatana +Rao, 1921 + +, + +D. robusta cochinensis +Stephenson, 1925 + +, + +Drawida thomasi +Narayanan & Julka, 2017 + +, + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +, and + +D. proboscidea + + +sp. nov. + +Characters of the group members are compared in detail in +Table 2 +. Within this group, two subgroups are recognized: 1) with a distinctly bilobed atrium, and 2) with a slightly bilobed atrium (lobes are like light protuberances). Differences of + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +, to other species of the group are as follows: + + + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +belongs to the first subgroup with distinctly bilobed atrium. Due to the presence of the large distinct bilobed atrium, it can be readily differentiated from + +D. ghatensis + +, + +D. robusta cochinensis + +, and + +D. proboscidea + + +sp. nov. + +, described herein. + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +can be easily distinguished from + +D. robusta robusta + +by the shape of the spermathecal atrium (saccular, wrinkled, anterior lobe shorter +vs +tubular, anterior lobe larger). It can be differentiated from + +D. robusta ophidioides + +by small body size (length +54–83 mm +vs +310 mm +, width +3.5–4.5 mm +vs +7 mm +), and shape of the spermathecal atrium (saccular +vs +teat like). Based on the +type +of prostate, + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +can be ascertained from the + +D. somavarpatana + +(single +vs +bifid). Shape of the atrium differentiates the + +D. paliwali + + +sp. nov. + +from the + +D. thomasi + +(large saccular +vs +tubular, each lobe very long, coiled into a compact mass). A detailed comparison of the + +robusta + +species group members is provided in +Table 2 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E394187602FF62FF20FDD950A3.xml b/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E394187602FF62FF20FDD950A3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..07feaef0afd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/DD/0B/87/DD0B87E394187602FF62FF20FDD950A3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,595 @@ + + + +On three new species of the earthworm genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Moniligastridae) from south-western India + + + +Author + +Narayanan, S. Prasanth +Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. + + + +Author + +Jose, Divya +Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Affiliated with University of Calicut, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur- 680 125, Kerala, India. + + + +Author + +Kurien, Vijo Thomas +Department of Zoology, C. M. S. College (Autonomous), Affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam- 686 001, Kerala, India. + + + +Author + +Thomas, A. P. +Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-28 + + +5541 + + +4 + + +563 +581 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5541.4.8 +1175-5326 +14241310 +28B8456F-4E19-4CE9-B4A4-97A9FF4ED355 + + + + + + + +Drawida proboscidea +Narayanan + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figures 3A–D +, +4A–F +) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: +Clitellate +( +ZSIK +Reg. No. +ZSI/WGRC/I.R.INV.26791 +), +Peringuzha +( +9.956126°N +, +76.607257°E +), + +around +7 km +south of Muvattupuzha town + +, +Ernakulam District +, +Kerala State +, +India +, + +95 m +asl + +, riverbank of Thodupuzhayar, + +29 October 2023 + +, collected by +Divya Jose. + + + +Paratypes + +: +4 clitellates +( +ZSIK +Reg. No. +ZSI/WGRC/I.R.INV.26792 +), same collection data as for holotype + +. + + +Other materials. +Altogether +53 +(38 clitellates, 13 aclitellates and 2 juveniles) specimens. 9 clitellates, 6 aclitellates, +2 juveniles +( +ACESSD +/EW/1718), same collection data as for holotype; 10 clitellates (clitellum is indicated by light colouration) ( +ACESSD +/EW/1717), +Peringuzha +( +9.956126°N +, +76.607257°E +), +Ernakulam District +, +Kerala State +, +India +, + +95 m +asl + +, riverbank of +Thodupuzhayar +, + +29 September 2023 + +, collected by +D. Jose +; 9 clitellates, 3 aclitellates ( +ACESSD +/EW/1719), +Peringuzha +( +9.956126°N +, +76.607257°E +), +Ernakulam District +, +Kerala State +, +India +, + +95 m +asl + +, riverbank of +Thodupuzhayar +, + +27 November 2023 + +, collected by +D. Jose +; 3 clitellates (clitellum is indicated by light colouration), 3 aclitellates ( +ACESSD +/EW/1720), +Peringuzha +( +9.956126°N +, +76.607257°E +), +Ernakulam District +, +Kerala State +, +India +, + +95 m +asl + +, riverbank of +Thodupuzhayar +, + +28 December 2023 + +, collected by +D. Jose +; 7 clitellate (clitellum is well indicated in +one specimen +, other by light colouration), 1 aclitellate ( +ACESSD +/ EW/1721), +Muvattupuzha +( +9.956126°N +, +76.607257°E +), +Ernakulam District +, +Kerala State +, +India +, + +95 m +asl + +, riverbank of +Thodupuzhayar +, + +27 January 2024 + +, collected by +D. Jose. + + + + +Diagnosis +. Colour bluish purple. Length +43–84 mm +, width +3–6 mm +at segment 9, segments 168–205. Setae present from segment 2. Prostomium prolobous, occasionally anterior portion of the buccal cavity is everted, with a protruded cylindrical knob-like proboscis. Clitellum, annular on segments ½9–½14 (= 5). Spermathecal apertures small in intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned at +C +. Secondary male apertures at intersegmental furrow 10/11, in +BC +, close to +B +than +C +; primary male pores, on the tips of short tubular penes, eversible from a broad flower-like base or wholly concealed within the aperture in retracted condition. Genital markings absent. Gizzards two, within segments 12–14. Vas deferens form a mass of loops, mass smaller than testis sac, entering prostate directly, in middle prostate at median side. Prostates glandular, ovate or club-shaped, erect or bent on itself; prostatic capsule elongately club-shaped, smooth, shiny; duct shorter than gland, ectal end broad dome-shaped, sessile. Atrium, confined to segment 7, bilobed, heart-like, generally bend towards median side, duct long, with a few coils, discharge in atrium at the middle of two lobes. + + + + +Description +. +External +: Colour bluish purple on dorsum pale ventrum in life; body circular in cross section. Dimensions: +Holotype +: length +74 mm +, width +4 mm +at segment 9, segments 172; +paratypes +: length +71–84 mm +, width +4–5.5 mm +at segment 9, segments 166–189; other materials: length +43–84 mm +, width +3–6 mm +at segment 9, segments 168–205. Setae lumbricine, small, closely paired, present from segment 2; setal formula +AA += 6–6.33 +AB += 0.75–0.84 +BC += 6–7.6 +CD += 0.19–0.21 +DD +at segment 8 and +AA += 6–7 +AB += 0.75–0.92 +BC += 7.5–8.75 +CD += 0.19– 0.24 +DD +at segment 20 (n = 2). Prostomium prolobous; in many clitellate specimens anterior portion of buccal cavity is everted and, in addition to prostomium, a cylindrical knob-like proboscis ( +c. +1.2 mm +long) is protruded out ( +Fig. 3A, B +). Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum, annular on ½9–½14 (= 5) ( +Fig. 3B, C +), well demarcated in segments 10–13, buff or reddish buff colour (preserved specimens), intersegmental furrows distinct, setae visible. Spermathecal apertures paired, small transverse slits in intersegmental furrow 7/8, pores minute, aligned at +C +, puckered epidermal thickenings may present in front and back of spermathecal apertures at segments 7 and 8 ( +Fig. 3B +). Secondary male apertures paired, in broad transverse slit, in intersegmental furrow 10/11, situated in +BC +( +Fig. 3B +), close to +B +than +C +; male pore situated on tip of short tubular penes ( +Fig. 3D +), eversible from a broad, ovoid, multi-layered flower-like base ( +Fig. 3B, C +) or wholly concealed within aperture in retracted condition. Female pores minute, hardly visible, one pair on intersegmental furrow 11/12, in +B +line. Nephridiopores present from intersegmental furrow 2/3, in single line at +CD +. Genital markings absent. + + +Internal +: Brownish pigmentation in circular muscle layer. Septum 4/5 thin, weak, septa 5/6/7/8/9 thickly muscular. Gizzards globular, two within segments 12–14, constantly present on segment 13, anterior one smaller; intestine origin in segment 20±1. Last pair of hearts in segment 9; commissures of extra oesophageal vessel present on posterior face of septum 8/9, not recognizable on posterior face of 9/10. Testis sac paired, confined to segments 9, 10–11, irregular-shaped; vas deferens, very long, slender, coiled to form a mass of loops, aggregated mass significantly smaller than testis sac, entering prostate directly, in middle of the glandular portion and at its median side. Prostates paired, glandular (reddish orange colour), starkly ovate or club-shaped ( +Fig. 4A, B +), erect or bent on itself (at ental end of prostatic duct) posteriorly, in median or lateral directions; prostatic capsule elongately club-shaped, smooth, shiny ( +Fig. 4C, D +); prostatic duct smaller than gland, about one fourth of the combined length of gland and duct, duct form a broad sessile hemispherical or dome-shaped muscular ectal end (penial chamber), before entering parietes (penis retracted) or without dome-shape (penis everted). Spermathecal ampulla paired in segment 8, small, ovoid; atrium, confined to segment 7, small to medium size, with two slight lobe-like anterior and posterior protuberances, heart figure-like ( +Fig. 4E, F +), generally bend towards median side; spermathecal duct long, slender, with a few coils, penetrating septum 7/8 to discharge in at atrium at middle of two lobes, at ental end towards median side. Ovarian chamber incomplete; ovisacs paired, lobed, rarely converges at mid dorsal surface, thick ectally, tapering towards ental end, extends in segments 11–14. Nephridia holoic, avesiculate. + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Drawida proboscidea +Narayanan + + +sp. nov. +A + +. Knob-like proboscis from the buccal cavity, dorsal view, +B. +Ventral view of the anterior region; +C. +Male genital region, ventral view; +D. +Everted penis from the flower-like base, right side, lateral view. +Cl +—Clitellum, +Mg +—Male genital region, +Mp +—Male pore, +Pb +—Proboscis, +Pn +—Penis, +Sp +—Spermathecal aperture. + + + +Variations +. Everted knob-like proboscis from buccal cavity is bent to dorsal surface and directed posteriorly in a few specimens. Eversible penes and flower-like bases are retracted in a few specimens: in such individuals, the secondary male aperture has puckered tumid lips on the anterior and posterior sides of segments 10 and 11. In such specimens, the dome-shaped ectal end of the prostatic duct (penial chamber) is much more pronounced than others. In certain specimens, everted penes are found only on one side. In +one specimen +, ovisacs extend in segments 11–12 on the right side, whereas on the left side they extend in 11–14. In another specimen, the right atrium is of unusual shape, which is erect and digitiform-kind with a middle portion notch and with the spermathecal duct entering at its middle notch. Another +one specimen +, the right atrium is large, and the anterior and posterior lobes are somewhat longitudinally placed, visible in segments 7 and 8. Occasionally, ovisacs may be twisted to the anterior or dorsal side. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +The specific epithet ‘ +proboscidea’ +(feminine, adjective) is a morphonym. Derived from the Latin word “ +proboscis +”, meaning ‘an elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth of an animal’. It refers to the presence of everted proboscis-like projection on the peristomium of this new species. + + + + +Ingesta +. Mainly fine soil, with small sand particles and a few particles of small bark-like organic matter. + + + + +Habitat +. Riverbank of Thodupuzhayar, a tributary of the Muvattupuzha River at Peringuzha with sandy-loam soil. Common vegetation of this area is dominated by native trees, herbs, and grasses such as + +Ochreinauclea missionis +(Wall. Ex G.Don) Ridsdale + +, + +Ficus racemosa + +L., + +Cocos nucifera + +L., + +Axonopus compressus +(Sw.) P. Beauv. + +, + +Cyperus +sp. + +, + +Polygonum +sp. + +, and exotic invasive herbaceous plants and vines such as + +Sphagneticola trilobata + +(L.) Pruski, + +Mikania micrantha +Kunth + +, etc. + + + + +Biology +. Autotomy and regeneration of lost parts are noticed. Many specimens were found with regenerated segments (mainly 12–22 segments) at the posterior end. + + +Ecology +. Appears to be an endogeic species, as indicated by the large quantity of fine soil with a small amount of sand and a few particles of bark-like organic matter in the intestine. + +D. proboscidea + + +sp. nov. + +was found to coexist with various endemic ( + +D. ghatensis + +, + +D. travancorensis + +, + +Megascolex polytheca uniquus +Aiyer, 1929 + +) and exotic ( + +Pontoscolex corethrurus +(Müller, 1857) + +, + +Metaphire houlleti +(Perrier, 1872) + +, and + +Ocnerodrilus occidentalis +Eisen, 1878 + +) earthworm species at the +type +locality. + + + + +Distribution +. Endemic to +India +: +Kerala State +: Ernakulam District: Peringuzha ( +Fig. 4 +). + + + + +Remarks +. + +Drawida proboscidea + + +sp. nov. + +belongs to the second subgroup ‘with slightly bilobed (lobes are light protuberances) atrium’ of the + +robusta + +species group. Members of this group comprise the new species described here, + +D. proboscidea + + +sp. nov. +, + + +D. ghatensis + +, and + +D. robusta cochinensis + +. + +D. proboscidea + + +sp. nov. + +can be easily distinguished from + +D. ghatensis + +by the shape of the prostate (club-shaped +vs +mushroom-shaped) and the number of gizzards ( +2 in +segments 12–14 +vs +4–6 in +segments 14–22). Whereas it can be differentiated from + +D. robusta cochinensis + +based on the body length ( +43–84 mm +vs +125–130 mm +), shape of the prostate (club-shaped +vs +subspherical), and number of gizzards and their position (two in segmental range of 12–14 +v +s five to six in the segmental range of 15–21 of 15–21). It can be easily distinguished from other members of the + +robusta + +species group by the characteristics as given in +Table 2 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F3/44/75/F34475CC5F345A9484F995135C7D54F4.xml b/data/F3/44/75/F34475CC5F345A9484F995135C7D54F4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cf1e36192dc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F3/44/75/F34475CC5F345A9484F995135C7D54F4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris sasakii +Jordan & Hubbs, 1925 + + + + + +Figs 8 +, +11 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Mie-hatampo + + + + + + +Liopempheris sasakii + + + +Jordan & Hubbs, 1925: 228 + +, pl. 10, fig. 1 (type locality: Toba, +Mie Prefecture +, +Japan +); + +Tanaka 1931: 25 + +. + + + + + + +Pempheris sasakii + + +: + +Uchida 1933: 217 + +; + +Okada 1938: 179 + +; + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 180 + +; + +Matsubara 1955: 590 + +; + +Tominaga 1963: 283 + +, fig. 10; + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 231 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 327 + +. + + + + + + + +Pempheris nyctereutes + + +(not +Jordan & Evermann, 1903 +): + +Hayashi 1984 + +(in part): 160, pl. 350 - G; + +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part): 879; + +Senou et al. 2006 b +: 463 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2010 a +: 75 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2010 b +: 81 + +; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984; + +Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2015: 275 + +; + +Ikeda and Nakabo 2015: 160 + +, figs 4–6; + +Kaburagi 2016: 99 + +, upper fig. (without scientific name; shown as “ Mie-hatampo ”); + +Kimura et al. 2017: 119 + +, fig. 6; + +Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation 2018 +: 210 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 298 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2018 c +: 342 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Murase et al. 2019: 132 + +, fig. 285; + +Koeda 2020 a +: 409 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Murase et al. 2021: 166 + +, fig. 341; + +Koeda 2022: 158 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 9 + +; + +Motomura 2023: 128 + +. + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +holotype +and non-types are given in Table +1 +. Dorsal-fin rays +VI +– VII, 9–10; anal-fin rays III, 40–46; pectoral-fin rays 17–20; pored lateral-line scales 67–78, usually fewer than 73; scale rows above lateral line 8 ½ – 10 ½; scale rows below lateral line 19–22; circumpeduncular scales 24; gill rakers 7–9 + 19 – 22 = 28–30; head length 28.1–29.7 %; body depth 40.6–44.6 %; eye diameter 38.9–43.2 %; upper jaw length 50.0–55.6 %; maximum +170 mm +SL; snout sharp; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: fig. 2 a); dorsal half of body brown, with golden reflection in fresh specimen; ventral half golden; tip and anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; faint blackish band on anal-fin base; dusky band on outer edge of anal fin; paired fins pink; posterior half of caudal fin dusky; body pale brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fins usually persistent, but not in +holotype +; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Endemic to southern +Japan +known from Tateyama at Boso Peninsular in +Chiba Prefecture +, Misaki and Manazuru in +Kanagawa Prefecture +, Nishi-izu at Izu Peninsular in +Shizuoka Prefecture +, Toba and Shima in +Mie Prefecture +, Muroto, Susaki, Tosashimizu, Iburi, and Otsuki in +Kochi Prefecture +, Nobeoka and Nango in +Miyazaki Prefecture +, Uchinoura Bay, +Kagoshima +Bay, Ibusuki, and Minami-satsuma in +Kagoshima Prefecture +, Miyake-jima Island in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, and Kuchinoerabu-jima islands in the northern Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. +8 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Pempheris sasakii + +has been commonly confused with + +P. nyctereutes + +and has been presumed to be the junior synonym (e. g., +Hayashi 1984 +), even though both species were described by the same first author. Only +Tominaga (1963) +showed the difference in anal fin coloration ( + +P. sasakii + +: margin of anal fin fuscous vs + +P. nyctereutes + +: margin of anal fin pale) between these two species and described the details of both as valid species. In our morphological observations, however, several + +P. nyctereutes + +specimens have dusky margins on the anal fin; thus, this character was not diagnostic for identifying those species. The present comparison based on both species indicated that these two species can be distinguished by the counts of scale rows below lateral line ( +19–22 in + +P. sasakii + +vs +25–27 in + +P. nyctereutes + +) with modal difference of pored lateral-line scales (72–81 usually> 79 vs 67–78 usually fewer than 73). The coloration of the species slightly differs in that the former has golden body (sometimes silverish) in fresh condition, but the latter has copper to silver coloration: compare Figs +7 +, +11 +). Although the morphological differences between the two species are very few, the molecular analyses strongly supported the intraspecific difference which revealed that sequences of + +P. nyctereutes + +and + +P. sasakii + +differed by more than 3.1 % over mitochondrial + +16 S + +ribosomal DNA and + +COI + +, comprising different monophyletic groups (Fig. +3 +). + + + + + + + +Pempheris sasakii + +A +fresh specimen (KAUM – I. 94368, 126.7 mm SL, Uchinoura Bay, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima) and +B +underwater photograph (lower: Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima, Japan). + + + + +Pempheris sasakii + +is widely distributed in the Pacific coast of southern +Japan +, and commonly collected by set nets (but not abundant compared to + +P. xanthoptera + +). However, no specimens of this species have ever been collected from the +Japan +Sea coast, East +China +Sea coast, and the Ryukyu Archipelago. The distributions of both + +P. sasakii + +and + +P. nyctereutes + +are clearly isolated from each other (Fig. +8 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F7/A9/67/F7A967AA1F8B53B990B4373044FD72BF.xml b/data/F7/A9/67/F7A967AA1F8B53B990B4373044FD72BF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77c3549c96a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F7/A9/67/F7A967AA1F8B53B990B4373044FD72BF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ + + + +Several new combinations from previous Didymocarpus to Palmatiboea (Gesneriaceae) + + + +Author + +Wen, Fang +0000-0002-3889-8835 +Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst & Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Science, Guilin 541006, China & Gesneriad Committee of China Wild Plant Conservation Association (GC), National Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIB (NGGRB), Gesneriad Conservation Center of China (GCCC), Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China + + + +Author + +Fan, Qiang +0000-0003-4254-6936 +State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +250 + + +1 +6 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.250.138694 + + + + + +Palmatiboea pingyuanensis +(Ling H. Yang, Q. Fan & F. Wen) F. Wen & Q. Fan + +comb. nov. + + + + + + + +≡ + +Didymocarpus pingyuanensis +Ling H. Yang, Q. Fan & F. Wen + +in + + +Yang et al., +Phytokeys 224: 218 (2024) + + +. + + + + + + + + +Type +. + + + + +China +• +Guangdong Province +: +Meizhou City +, +Pingyuan Town +, + +24 ° 32 ' N +, +115 ° 50 ' E + +, + +491 m +a. s. l. + +, + +1 April 2023 + +(fl.), Qiang Fan, Xing-yue Zhang, Li-Juan Liao, Jie-Hao Jin, Ling-Han Yang +DNPC 3352 +( +holotype +: +SYS +!; +isotypes +: +IBK +! +IBSC +! +SYS +!) + + + + + +The Chinese vernacular name. + +平远掌脉苣苔 (Píng Yuǎn Zhǎng Mài Jù Tái). + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F8/7C/30/F87C301464B25BC99D8439495B1E94C6.xml b/data/F8/7C/30/F87C301464B25BC99D8439495B1E94C6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..08d6b60f9fa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F8/7C/30/F87C301464B25BC99D8439495B1E94C6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,745 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris schwenkii +Bleeker, 1855 + + + + + +Figs 12 +, +13 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Minami-hatampo + + + + + + + +Pempheris schwenkii + +Bleeker, 1855: 314 +(type locality: Batu Islands, +Sumatera Utara Province +, +Indonesia +); + +Hatooka 1997 + +(in part): 380, unnumbered fig. (p. 381, lower middle fig.); + +Randall and Lim 2000: 622 + +; + +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part): 878; + +Yoshigou and Nakamura 2002: 107 + +; + +Yoshigou and Nakamura 2003: 49 + +; + +Yoshigou 2004: 19 + +; + +Chen 2003: 134 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Senou et al. 2006 a +: 77 + +; + +Senou et al. 2007: 56 + +; + +Shao et al. 2008: 254 + +; + +Yoshino 2008 + +(in part): 211; + +Ito 2009: 80 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Chen et al. 2010: 265 + +, fig. C, E; + +Koeda et al. 2010 a +: 75 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2010 b +: 81 + +; + +Motomura et al. 2010: 131 + +, fig. 252; + +Shen and Wu 2011: 498 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2012 a +: 71 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2012 b +: 1086 + +; + +Miura 2012: 59 + +(without scientific name; shown as “ Minami-hatampo ”); + +Chiang et al. 2014: 183 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 984; + +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: 235 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2013 b +: 222 + +, fig. 1; + +Koeda et al. 2013 c +: 126 + +; + +Motomura et al. 2013 + +(in part): 168; + +Shao et al. 2013 + +(in part): 163, unnumbered fig. (lower); + +Koeda et al. 2014: 314 + +; + +Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139 + +; + +Motomura and Matsuura 2014: 271 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Koeda et al. 2015: 275 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2016 a +: 519 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2016 c +: 8 + +, fig. 3 H; + +Koeda and Motomura 2017 a + +; + +Koeda and Motomura 2017 b +: 266 + +, fig. 3 D, E; + +Kimura et al. 2017 + +(in part): 120, fig. 1; + +Planning and Tourism Division of Kikai Town 2017 +: 4 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Nakae et al. 2018: 266 + +; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 298 + +, unnumbered fig. (lower right fig.); + +Koeda 2018 b +: 194 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Mochida and Motomura 2018: 30 + +; + +Koeda 2019: 929 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Fujiwara and Motomura 2020: 28 + +; + +Koeda 2020 b +: 929 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Motomura and Uehara 2020: 45 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 10 + +; + +Motomura 2023: 129 + +(in part). + + + + + + + + + +Pempheris adusta + + +(not +Bleeker, 1877 +): + +Shimose 2021: 122 + +, fig. B. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris japonicus + + +(not +Döderlein, 1883 +): + +Snyder 1912: 497 + +. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris oualensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Chen 2003: 134 + +, unnumbered fig.; Shao and + +Chen 2003: 255 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Yang et al. 2013: 167 + +, unnumbered fig. + + + + + + + + +Liopempheris vanicolensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Jordan and Hubbs 1925: 229 + +. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris vanicolensis + + +(not +Cuvier, 1831 +): + +Okada 1938: 179 + +; + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 179 + +(in part); + +Matsubara 1955: 590 + +(in part); + +Aoyagi 1948: 49 + +; + + +The Marine Ecological Researching Society of +Kagoshima +University 1966 + +: 19 + +; + + +The Marine Ecological Researching Society of +Kagoshima +University 1967 + +: 32 + +; + +Takahashi 1970: 58 + +; + +Chen et al. 2010: 266 + +, fig. A; + +Chang et al 2011: 46 + +. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris xanthoptera + +Tominaga, 1963 +(in part +paratypes +): 287; + +Masuda et al 1975 + +(in part): 199, pl. 33 - C; + +Yoshino et al. 1975: 75 + +; + +Hayashi 1984 + +(in part): 160. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris + +sp.: + +Uchida 1933: 218 + +(in part). + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +holotype +and +paratypes +are given in Table +2 +. Dorsal-fin rays +VI +– VII, very rarely VII, 9–10, very rarely 10; anal-fin rays III, 35–42, usually> 37; pectoral-fin rays 16–18; pored lateral-line scales 44–53; scale rows above lateral line 3 ½ or 4 ½, very rarely 4 ½; scale rows below lateral line 10–13; predorsal scales 23–30; circumpeduncular scales 10–12; gill rakers 6–9 + 18 – 22 = 25–30; head length 27.9–33.0 %; body depth 40.2–47.2 %; eye diameter 35.5–45.5 %; upper jaw length 50.0–56.7 %; maximum +126 mm +SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: fig. 2 a); body golden in day time and silverish in night time; tip of dorsal fin and / or anterior margin of dorsal fin blackish; faint blackish band on anal-fin outer margin; blackish band on anal-fin base; posterior margin of caudal fin dusky; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; posterior nostril usually slit-like; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Tanega-shima to Yonaguni-jima islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Minamidaito-jima Island in Daito Islands, and very rarely collected from Minamisatsuma in +Kagoshima Prefecture +. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Daxi in +Yilan County +, Gungliau and Yeh Liu in +New Taipei City +, Chi-gu in +Tainan +County, Ke-tzu-liao in +Kaohsiung +County, Hengchung, and Dong-gang, Kenting in +Pingtung County +, Fugang in +Taitung County +, Lanyu, and +Penghu +(Fig. +13 +). Specimens are collected from the caves or crevasses in coral reef areas of +0–25 m +depth. + + + + + + +Fresh specimen of + +Pempheris schwenkii + +, NMMB-P 27013, 100.3 mm SL, Hengchung, Pingtung, Taiwan. + + + + + + + +Distribution of + +Pempheris schwenkii + +(diamonds) and + +P. xanthoptera + +(solid triangles and star for type locality) based on the collection locality of the specimens. Open triangles for literature records of + +P. xanthoptera + +. + + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Pempheris schwenkii + +has been thought to be widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. However, our genetic study revealed the interspecific difference between specimens from the Indian and Pacific oceans, and southern +Japan +. +Bleeker (1855) +described + +P. schwenkii + +based on type specimens collected from Batu Island of western +Indonesia +, eastern Indian Ocean. Although a significant genetic difference is observed among the specimens from these three localities, the morphologies of the species are very similar. Furthermore, the morphological characters were difficult to determine from the dehydrated condition of the +syntypes +of + +P. schwenkii + +( +RMNH +. +PISC +. 6160). The species composition of genus + +Pempheris + +around this area was closer to that of the western Pacific than that of the Indian Ocean. Therefore, + +P. schwenkii + +was determined as the name of the Pacific Ocean species ( +Koeda et al. 2014 +) and the Indian Ocean species described as a new species, + +P. tominagai +Koeda, Yoshino & Tachihara, 2014 + +. In the present study, a single specimen collected from the Andaman Sea was discovered, and is identified as + +P. schwenkii + +based on the pink caudal fin (vs yellow in + +P. tominagai + +). This fact supports the conclusion of +Koeda et al. (2014) +that + +P. schwenkii + +may be widely distributed from the Pacific to the Andaman Sea including the type locality (Batu Islands, +Sumatera Utara Province +, +Indonesia +) of the species. + + +Similarly, the Pacific species and the southern Japanese species also showed significant difference between specimens from south of the Ryukyu Archipelago and specimens from mainland +Japan +(unpublished data). These two are clearly different species, because both species are distributed in the Osumi Islands (Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, and Kuchinoerabu-jima islands; Fig. +13 +), but the genetic mixability did not appear in the genetic structure analysis (unpublished data); the genetic identification and the diagnostic caudal-fin colorations (pink to brown in + +P. schwenkii + +vs yellow in + +P. xanthoptera + +) were well matched (Fig. +3 +). + + +On the basis of the taxonomic confusion between + +P. schwenkii + +and + +P. xanthoptera + +, the standard Japanese name “ Minami-hatampo ” was used for both species, and recently, + +P. schwenkii + +was tentatively recognized as having “ Pacific ” and “ southern +Japan +” types, the latter closely matching + +P. xanthoptera +sensu +Tominaga (1963) + +(e. g., +Koeda 2017 b +, +2018 a +, +b +, +2020 a +; +Kimura et al. 2017 +); see remarks of + +P. xanthoptera + +]. The Japanese name “ Minami-hatampo ” was first given by +Okada (1938) +for + +P. vanicolensis + +in his list. His identification may follow +Jordan and Hubbs (1925) +which indicated that +Snyder (1912) +’ s + +P. japonica + +from Okinawa-jima Island was a misidentification of + +P. vanicolensis + +. However, + +P. vanicolensis + +is very rare in Japanese waters, and has never been collected from Okinawa-jima Island ( +Nakamura et al. 2022 +). In addition, the re-examination of the Snyder’s specimen of + +P. japonica + +( +CAS-SU +22002) revealed that it was in fact a misidentification of + +P. schwenkii + +, which is the most common species around Okinawa Island. Although +Okada (1938) +included Kyushu in the distribution of “ Minami-hatampo ” which is the range of + +P. xanthoptera + +, the situations mentioned above suggest that his species should be + +P. schwenkii + +. These facts indicate that the standard Japanese name “ Minami-hatampo ” should be adopted for the species + +P. schwenkii + +. + + +The juveniles of + +P. schwenkii + +were collected from Minami-daito Island in the Daito Islands. + +Pempheris ufuagari + +is known as an endemic species which is found in the Daito and Ogasawara islands (see below), meaning that interaction between the species can occur at these localities. However, + +P. schwenkii + +and + +P. xanthoptera + +have never been collected from the Ogasawara and Daito islands, respectively, indicating that the + +P. ufuagari + +and + +P. schwenkii + +group (with + +P. xanthoptera + +) may have a different dispersal strategy. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FE/95/D3/FE95D3FFCBEE5A1D84B4E87033D6FB17.xml b/data/FE/95/D3/FE95D3FFCBEE5A1D84B4E87033D6FB17.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6fedf8240f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FE/95/D3/FE95D3FFCBEE5A1D84B4E87033D6FB17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,525 @@ + + + +A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan + + + +Author + +Koeda, Keita +0000-0003-3932-3002 +Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan + + + +Author + +Bessho-Uehara, Manabu +0000-0002-7388-464X +The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +123 +163 + + + +journal article +306272 +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762 +8cde510d-0a4d-49ea-ba0f-c50c4dbf8b1a +B4E90AF3-2F9C-4792-B39D-B8BB9560854E + + + + + +Pempheris japonica +Döderlein, 1883 + + + + + +Figs 5 +, +6 +, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Tsumaguro-hatampo + + + + + + + +Pempheris japonica + +Döderlein, 1883: 125 +(type locality: +Tokyo +, +Japan +); + +Jordan et al. 1913: 137 + +; + +Tanaka 1931: 25 + +; + +Uchida 1933: 208 + +; + +Okada 1938: 179 + +; + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 179 + +; + +Matsubara 1955: 590 + +; + +Tominaga 1963: 278 + +, fig. 6; Takemura and Yasuda 1965: 159; + +Masuda et al. 1975: 199 + +, pl. 33 - B; + +Hayashi 1984 + +(in part): 160, pl. 151 - C; + +Kohno 1986: 135 + +, fig. 1; + +Masuda and Kobayashi 1994: 180 + +, fig. 4; + +Mochizuki 1995: 389 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Hatooka 1997: 380 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Hatooka 2002 + +(in part): 877; + +Senou et al. 2002: 212 + +; + +Senou et al. 2006 b +: 463 + +; + +Aramata 2007: 171 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Yoshino 2008: 211 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2010 a +: 74 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2010 b +: 81 + +; + +Motomura et al. 2010: 131 + +; + +Takagi et al. 2010: 69 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Kohno et al. 2011: 208 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2012 a +: 65 + +; + +Hatooka and Yagishita 2013 + +(in part): 983; + +Koeda et al. 2013 b +: 235 + +; + +Motomura et al. 2013: 168 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Kawano et al. 2014: 48 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2014: 327 + +; + +Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139 + +; + +Koeda et al. 2015: 275 + +; + +Ikeda and Nakabo 2015: 159 + +, figs 5–7; + +Takeuchi et al. 2015: 8 + +; + +Koeda 2017 b +: 190 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda and Motomura 2017 a + +; + +Fujiwara et al. 2018: 58 + +, Fig. +8 L +; + +Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation 2018 +: 210 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda 2018 b +: 298 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Nakae et al. 2018: 266 + +; + +Koeda 2018 c +: 341 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Murase et al. 2019: 132 + +, fig. 282; + +Koeda 2020 a +: 408 + +, unnumbered figs; + +Sonoyama et al. 2020: 78 + +; + +Murase et al. 2021: 166 + +, fig. 338; + +Koeda 2022: 158 + +, unnumbered fig.; + +Koeda et al. 2022: 6 + +; + +Motomura 2023: 127 + +; + +Sakurai et al. 2024: 77 + +, fig. 4 D. + + + + + + + + + +Catalufa umbra + +Snyder, 1911: 528 +(Misaki, +Japan +). + + + + + + + + + +Catalufa japonica + + +(not +Döderlein, 1883 +): + +Jordan and Hubbs 1925: 227 + +. + + + + + + + + +Pempheris umbra + + +(not +Snyder, 1911 +): + +Okada 1938: 179 + +; + +Okada and Matsubara 1938: 179 + +; + +Matsubara 1955: 59 + +, pl. 54 (fig. 189); Takemura and Yasuda 1965: 159; + +Abekawa and Nishi 1969: 24 + +. + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Counts of +syntypes +and non-types are given in Table +1 +of +Koeda and Motomura (2017 a +). Dorsal-fin rays +VI +, 10–12; anal-fin rays III, 34–40; pectoral-fin rays 16–17; pored lateral-line scales 69–82; scale rows above lateral line 12–13; scale rows below lateral line 26–30; predorsal scales 40–44; circumpeduncular scales 22–24; gill rakers 8–12 + 19 – 25 = 28–35; head length 28.3–31.4 % SL; body depth 43.2–47.7 % SL; eye diameter 38.1–50.0 % HL; upper jaw length 50.0–56.3 % HL; maximum +153 mm +SL; scales strongly ctenoid, adherent, divided into basal and distal halves (see +Koeda et al. 2013 a +: fig. 2 b); body copper; no or faint blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; tip of dorsal and anal fins broadly black, remainder brown; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline U-shaped. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Endemic to the region from southern +Korea +to southern +Japan +. In Japanese waters, + +P. japonica + +is distributed in the Pacific coast (north to Ishinomaki in +Miyagi Prefecture +, south to +Kagoshima Prefecture +), +Japan +Sea coast (east to Miyazu in +Kyoto Prefecture +, west to Tsuno-shima Island in +Yamaguchi Prefecture +), Tsushima Island, East +China +Sea coast (north to Nagasaki, south to Kagoshima prefectures), Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, Iou-jima, Amami-oshima, and Okinawa-jima in Ryukyu Archipelago (very rare in the latter two islands) (Fig. +5 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + +Döderlein (1883) +described + +P. japonica + +based on +syntypes +collected from +Tokyo +Bay, and +Snyder (1911) +described + +Catalufa umbra + +based on the +holotype +collected from +Kanagawa Prefecture +. The type specimens of the two nominal species were compared in the present study, and no differences were observed. Therefore, + +C. umbra + +is confirmed as a junior synonym of + +P. japonica + +, in agreement with +Tominaga (1963) +. + + +Snyder (1912) +and +Shao et al. (2008) +reported + +P. japonica + +in the fish checklists of Okinawa Island and southern +Taiwan +, respectively. However, the specimens they observed and identified as + +P. japonica + +( +CAS-SU +22002; +ASIZP +61383) are identified as + +P. schwenkii + +and + +P. vanicolensis + +, respectively ( +Koeda et al. 2012 a +). Subsequently, +Randall et al. (1997) +reported + +P. japonica + +from the Ogasawara Islands. However, that report was not based on specimens and / or underwater observations (refer to pers. comm. of +R +. Mooi on p. 35) and was probably the misidentification of + +P. familia + +which is similar to + +P. japonica + +. Although +Hayashi (1984) +and +Hatooka (2000 +, +2002 +) included the +Philippines +, and +Hatooka and Yagishita (2013) +included +Taiwan +in the distributional range of + +P. japonica + +, specimens of + +P. japonica + +from these localities have never been discovered. Our results indicate that + +P. japonica + +is not distributed in these localities, and the species is endemic to +Japan +and southern +Korea +. Compared to the distribution of other species of the same genus found in the Northern Hemisphere, this species can be said to be the most temperate species adapted to the lowest water temperatures. Until the 2010 s, this species was distributed only as far as the Boso Peninsula, a trend known for many tropical fish species. However, in recent years, new distribution records have been reported from Fukushima and Miyagi Prefectures, likely a result of northward range expansion due to global warming. + + + + + + +Fresh specimen of + +Pempheris japonica +, KAUM + +– I. 89834, 125.0 mm SL, Nakakoshiki-jima Island, Koshiki Islands, Japan. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file