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<treatment id="229C0E778C07BD8536D08B9F3471CBD5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127887403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:229C0E778C07BD8536D08B9F3471CBD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/229C0E778C07BD8536D08B9F3471CBD5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph id="D16FF5CEF44B5D2F21846600965DCFD6" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Taxon classification Animalia Squamata Elapidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BAD8B662383326DBBCFE531D9EAF7985" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF21AABFC0FDD85778A70B39FE023F8F" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="9E42DEBCACBEF8AB964819559F3E23F2" ID-CoL="3N88Y" LSID="Common names: English – Shaw’s Sea Snake, Short Sea Snake, Spine-bellied Sea Snake; Farsi – Mâr-e daryâï-ye kutâh" authority="Shaw, 1802" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus (Shaw, 1802)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figures 3c, 4b, 10, 11
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="22E32FE759C0321D85E49200C25AE7D1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="004517C27C6B01CE7735785A895F75C9" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="543AC84BD9357D382B0A6CA2F00F8A5D" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrus curtus" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Shaw, 1802: 562.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7645A475C08051141A139E8F560BCC2F" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4845430F72E5FBF71B3EF1967FB1D96E" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enhydris curtus" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Enhydris curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DD16545FA5ECA258CBE1FCB4DBA8D518" author="Werner, F" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="13 - 20" title="Ueber eine sammlung von Reptilien aus Persien, Mesopotamien und Arabien." url="10.5962/bhl.part.26910" volume="45" year="1895">Werner 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 19.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3588456A245B3FE58F047EF353EC3829" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1EB1CE9434E39CEFF67CF5D4AE141B5" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Lapemis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lapemis curtus" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Lapemis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C5919F3746AEF9619163AA74A35312D5" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History), London" pageId="29" pageNumber="158" title="Monograph of the Sea Snakes (Hydrophiidae)." year="1926">Smith 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 112. -
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|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C49E075ECB8E7AE08DEEDBA627838310" originalValue="Volsøe">Volsoe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
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|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 21. -
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|
||||
: 15781.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1698B6840C5D074CB6B7C50F678E2EB6" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3CAF0E1C461605DF875DCBEEE22CF70C" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="05B2E4549EFC618A50ED78C3AF1E56FF" author="Kamali, K" journalOrPublisher="Iranshenasi, Tehran" pageId="27" pageNumber="156" title="A field guide for reptiles and amphibian of Iran." year="2013">Kamali 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 237. -
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1CE807AAE23FCA9DEED450CFA056280E" author="Safaei-Mahroo, B" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="29" pageNumber="158" pagination="257 - 290" title="The herpetofauna of Iran: checklist of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status." url="10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140062" volume="6" year="2015">Safaei-Mahroo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 282.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A006E33EA1C922560C1B96B4BA8B84B7" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9CC94E1FB7BBF0A1666A7CECDA8EB2EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1196B3FB587119FE3F7C6E788DA09D86" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Persian Gulf: 8 specimens, Bushehr Province [(ZMSBUK.HD.1), TL 915, SVL 831, HL 32.9, HW 24.9, GL 22.9, SNL 7.9, NEL 4.8, ND 74, GBD 130, NSL 8, NSR 32, BSR 39, NV 158, NB 39; (ZMSBUK.HD.2), TL 900, SVL 805, HL 34, HW 20.5, GL 23, SNL 7.3, NEL 5.4, ND 80, GBD 130, NSL 8, NSR 29, BSR 37, NV 187, NB 45; (ZMSBUK.HD.5), TL 835, SVL 755, HL 31.5, HW 16.8, GL 26, SNL 7.1, NEL 4.6, ND 62, GBD 95, NSL 8, NSR 30, BSR 39, NV 165, NB 47; (ZMSBUK.HD.11), TL 852, SVL 751, HL 30.3, HW 16.8, GL 22.2, SNL 5.8, NEL 4.5, ND 72, GBD 107, NSL 9, NSR 28, BSR 33, NV 147, NB 50; (ZMSBUK.HD.15), TL 1008, SVL 910, HL 34.2, HW 19.2, GL 23.9, SNL 6.6, NEL 5, ND 80, GBD 125, NSL 8, NSR 31, BSR 39, NV 185, NB 55; (ZMSBUK.HD.17), TL 869, SVL 781, HL 28.7, HW 15.8, GL 20.7, SNL 6, NEL 4.3, ND 61, GBD 75, NSL 7, NSR 24, BSR 36, NV 153, NB 48; (ZMSBUK.HD.47), TL 797, SVL 716, HL 30.5, HW 16.9, GL 19.7, SNL 5.6, NEL 4.6, ND 50, GBD 62, NSL 8, NSR 30, BSR 37, NV 158, NB 45; (ZMSBUK.HD.48), TL 716, SVL 642, HL 28.4, HW 14.8, GL 18.4, SNL 4.3, NEL 4.2, ND 55, GBD 85, NSL 8, NSR 33, BSR 43, NV 199, NB 46], September 2013, collector: M. Rezaie-Atagholipour; 1 specimen, Larak Island [(ZMSBUK.HD.61), TL 783, SVL 700, HL 28.5, HW 15.3, GL 20.3, SNL 5, NEL 4.7, ND 62, GBD 95, NSL 8, NSR 32, BSR 42, NV 200, NB 51], February 2014, collector: M. Ghavasi.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6FBE71ED3CAFB7F8AFF0584A4ABF88F6" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Gulf of Oman: 6 specimens, Beris and Pasa-Bandar, depth 20-40m [(ZMSBUK.HD.8), TL 855, SVL 772, HL 34.1, HW 21.6, GL 21.5, SNL 5.43, NEL 4.91, ND 70, GBD 93, NSL 7, NSR 28, BSR 34, NV 158; (ZMSBUK.HD.18), TL 960, SVL 865, HL 34, HW 16.5, GL 25, SNL 5.8, NEL 5.7, ND 72, GBD 115, NSL 7, NSR 32, BSR 37, NV 157; (ZMSBUK.HD.19), TL 825, SVL 753, HL 28.9, HW 18.1, GL 19.2, SNL 4.8, NEL 4.5, ND 58, GBD 100, NSL 8, NSR 33, BSR 40, NV201, NB 47; (ZMSBUK.HD.44), TL 1015, SVL 925, HL 40.9, HW 27.7, GL 25.6, SNL 6.6, NEL 5.3, ND 73, GBD 99, NSL 8, NSR 34, BSR 43, NV 197, NB 49; (ZMSBUK.HD.57), TL 745, SVL 674, HL 29.7, HW 17.6, GL 20.3, SNL 3.9, NEL 3.6, ND 57, GBD 85, NSL 7, NSR 33, BSR 38, NV 185, NB 50; (ZMSBUK.HD.60), TL 965, SVL 872, HL 32.7, HW 18.1, GL 23.4, SNL 5.6, NEL 5.5, ND 65, GBD 117, NSL 8, NSR31, BSR 39, NV 174, NB 51], August 2013, collector: M. Rezaie-Atagholipour.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="862045C0E556374B98EF5FA2E4119027" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="911E54AA85B990C091AD2A5E5D5C5E91" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6CDE8E706180B1C26DB81E439493DC8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
Head large (Figure 11); tip of rostral markedly tridentate (Figures 2c, 3c); parietals divided into small shields (Figures 10b, 11
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="709AC089F38F3130A3CEB0B3EBE2F2EB" originalValue="d–f">d-f</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); 7-9 supralabials, second contacts with prefrontal (Figure 10), third and fourth or only fourth touch eye; body short and stout (Figure 11
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F2BDC72D4A42BC3B3823AB846DD8E65E" originalValue="j–l">j-l</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); 147-201 medium size ventrals, distinguishable from the adjacent scales (Figure 4b), larger anteriorly than posteriorly; ventrals on anterior part of body more or less hexagonal in shape, less than half width of body; 28-38 scale rows on neck and 32-43 on body [27-31 and 32-38 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26EA720DAB1F6999391E3C316978C2BD" author="Volsoe, H" editor="Jessen, K" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="9 - 45" title="The sea snakes of the Iranian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, with a summary of the biology of the sea snakes." volumeTitle="Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran" year="1939">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A41164C37E79E84C78823846F6A30A4A" originalValue="Volsøe">Volsoe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1939
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6C1E78C12FDF706DC7647C55515349E2" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" type="coloration">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8FE9AC9A5E855CEA3254D04883BB6BA0" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="29E22F6C757F9DA6E59C30252D7369A9" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" start="start">Coloration</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="86BAB747E5ADCB3114485792565E900C" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Three color patterns observed in this study: 1- usually gray dorsally, gray-whitish ventrally with pale gray dorsal bands (Figures 11a, d, g, j); 2- rarely yellowish body with blackish dorsal bands (Figure 11c, f, i, l); 3- rarely black-grayish body with black dorsal bands (Figure 11b, e, h, k); 39-55 dorsal bands in all three types usually fused laterally, zigzag in form; tip of tail usually black.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6972455436C1E7E0B50317BC678367AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9F69C2EFA296249623B634D7E26CE0E" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Size.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FDFE3AAE9999EF73BB0E794BF8FAA721" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
Mean TL 716 mm, maximum 1015 mm (n = 15); [n = 12, mean TL 606 mm, maximum TL 860 mm (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3949E02C0E1D91B8220ED3F5EC5C1E78" author="Volsoe, H" editor="Jessen, K" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="9 - 45" title="The sea snakes of the Iranian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, with a summary of the biology of the sea snakes." volumeTitle="Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran" year="1939">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CFBFA68F0BA42600C2C2015158A00597" originalValue="Volsøe">Volsoe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1939
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="122FDF30CCC86161F6DEC0916AB1AC93" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9785C39775F3EBF2A79AC52BCDC85565" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">General distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="44CC113514113F28371C394B6E5DD50E" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
Indo- West Pacific, from the Persian Gulf to Australia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A1C51FDFF718F4AD150CB69F76AAAFC9" author="David, P" journalOrPublisher="Dumerilia" pageId="26" pageNumber="155" pagination="3 - 499" title="Les serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition." volume="3" year="1999">David and Ineich 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1A4A59EE797AD38364CF4699BD0A5A13" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" type="iucn red list category">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CB82623B3BB6DC20103F71FCD3B7EDF9" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">IUCN Red List Category.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="436BE686A37ED43B433D9769BA9222AC" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
Least concern (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6FAE2356AB6CA7562D162DD0E00E7B35" author="Hecht, MK" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="27" pageNumber="156" title="Red List of Threatened Species version 2016 - 1" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="38D75E4E504F30EF24BCD7E45E1AE171" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="86CFDBF2290B45738CD46D76A0362231" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ABB815E7F60B0EDB14935FD3DF8AFF96" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
In the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7216369B354C120132781E022218CEA1" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be roughly confused with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F92B7A360BA112D172800E01372AD08" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at a glance.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="100C85BADF27179AD62A54C0D55964EC" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
however can be quickly distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="153DD7E570028F364A1A88A2BDAE55DF" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having parietals divided into small shields and laterally fused dorsal bands, zigzag in form, versus clearly distinguishable dorsal bands in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8A62802896602C44114F523BA271259" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E7858F4D525B5B7A02B18E2A06755764" author="Volsoe, H" editor="Jessen, K" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="9 - 45" title="The sea snakes of the Iranian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, with a summary of the biology of the sea snakes." volumeTitle="Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran" year="1939">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7ED5E86D43DFA860C3BB64CBF825B5F3" originalValue="Volsøe">Volsoe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1939)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
mentioned that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3CC2F822012158D1D21842867C52E226" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is one of the most abundant sea snakes in the Iranian coastal waters of the eastern Persian Gulf. Our results show that it is abundant in the western part of the Iranian Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province) as well.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0E2C195A86051D1676A02C67AE790F6B" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a diet generalist, known to prey on fish belonging to 33 families, cuttlefish and amphipods (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84D621CC8F7CEED0B9BB5F28FF31EC94" author="Rezaie-Atagholipour, M" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Review" pageId="28" pageNumber="157" pagination=": 494" title="Diet of short sea snake (Lapemiscurtus)." volume="43" year="2012">Rezaie-Atagholipour 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
258
data/22/9C/22/229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A.xml
Normal file
258
data/22/9C/22/229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
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<mods:title>Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species</mods:title>
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|
||||
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
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|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839663" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Habeeb, 1974" authorityName="Habeeb" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma Habeeb, 1974</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Habeeb, 1974: 1.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): from USA, California, Humboldt County, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by H Habeeb, HH640021.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♂): from USA, California, Humboldt County, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by H Habeeb, HH640021.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type deposition">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type deposition.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are similar to members of the Miniforma group (
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. copipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="copipalpa">T. copipalpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">T. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pacificensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacificensis">T. pacificensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oliveri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oliveri">T. oliveri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pinocchio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pinocchio">T. pinocchio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in having short, stocky pedipalps (except
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oliveri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oliveri">T. oliveri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pinocchio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pinocchio">T. pinocchio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oliveri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oliveri">T. oliveri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are best differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by being smaller (dorsum length ♀ = 545 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 570-620 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; ♂ = 485 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 525-545 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); having more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width ♀ = 3.13 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 2.72-2.91 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; ♂ = 3.19 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 2.83-3.00 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); and by being only known from Humboldt County, California, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rockyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rockyensis">T. rockyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distributed in the Rocky Mountains (Idaho & Montana).
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are best differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. copipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="copipalpa">T. copipalpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extensions (broad and flat in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. copipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="copipalpa">T. copipalpa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are best differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pacificensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacificensis">T. pacificensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having more elongate anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.44-2.65 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 2.00-2.16 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pacificensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacificensis">T. pacificensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width = 3.13-3.19 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 2.59-3.07 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pacificensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacificensis">T. pacificensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); and by being only known from Humboldt County, California, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pacificensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacificensis">T. pacificensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distributed in the Pacific Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon.
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are best differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">T. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by being smaller (dorsum length ♀ = 545 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 565-620 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">T. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; ♂ = 485 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 535-550 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">T. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 2.38-2.88 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 3.13-3.38 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">T. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); and by being only known from Humboldt County, California, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">T. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from Catron County, New Mexico.
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oliveri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oliveri">T. oliveri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a shorter anterior venter (172-200 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 250-310 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oliveri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oliveri">T. oliveri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.3-2.9 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 3.6-4.2 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oliveri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oliveri">T. oliveri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pinocchio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pinocchio">T. pinocchio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.1-3.2 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 4.5-4.9 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pinocchio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pinocchio">T. pinocchio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.43-1.43 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. miniforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miniforma">T. miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1.53-1.64 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pinocchio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pinocchio">T. pinocchio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Re-description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female (Figure 147) (n = 1) (lectotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (545 long; 380 wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5 long; 42.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5 long; 50 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.65; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.05; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (295 long (ventral); 225 long (dorsal); 112.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (117.5 long; 37.5 wide). Chelicerae (290 long) with curved fangs (52.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.62; rostrum length/width 3.13. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5 long); femur (90 long); genu (62.5 long); tibia (57.5 long; 20 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.44; tibia/femur 0.64; tibia length/width 2.88.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (680 long; 420 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145 long; 62.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (50 long). Genital plates (167.5 long; 165 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260 long (total); 50 long (medial)); Cx-3 (280 wide); anterior venter (172.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.32; anterior venter/genital field length 1.03; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.05; anterior venter/medial suture 3.45.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male (Figure 148) (n = 1) (paralectotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (485 long; 340 wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5 long; 40 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145 long; 47.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 270). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.44; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.05; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.49.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265 long (ventral); 200 long (dorsal); 95 tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5 long; 33.75 wide). Chelicerae (265 long) with curved fangs (47.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.79; rostrum length/width 3.19. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30 long); femur (77.5 long); genu (52.5 long); tibia (47.5 long; 20 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.48; tibia/femur 0.61; tibia length/width 2.38.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (610 long; 380 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (125 long; 50 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (87.5 long). Genital plates (125 long; 50 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (227.5 long (total); 102.5 long (medial)); Cx-3 (250 wide); anterior venter (200 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.50; anterior venter/genital field length 1.54; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.86; anterior venter/medial suture 2.29.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immatures unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habeeb (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). However, we suspect the specific epithet refers to the small body size of this species, as with others of the Miniforma Group (minor, L. small; forma, L. form), as
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habeeb (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
notes this species is "the smallest species that has come to the attention of the writer from the pacific area."
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Known only from Prairie Creek, Humboldt County, California (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habeeb 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (Figure 146).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Figure 146.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
distribution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Figure 147.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
female: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Figure 148.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
male: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire more specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola miniforma" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniforma">Torrenticola miniforma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with the type material. Based upon overall similarity, the pedipalp genu extensions, and western distribution, we were able to place this species in the Miniforma Complex and the Miniforma Identification Group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
333
data/22/9C/83/229C83CB948C50B684BCA5FF071C86F1.xml
Normal file
333
data/22/9C/83/229C83CB948C50B684BCA5FF071C86F1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>Systematics of Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus Alexander) (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Santos, Daubian</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-1267</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">daubians@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Santos, Rodrigo dos Reis</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Pos-Graduacao em Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-09-12</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>80</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>439</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>494</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<mods:location>
|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e83035</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-80-439</mods:identifier>
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|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
3.3.16.
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3200E7A9-C1D2-4CE0-9A73-BDC7F670061B" authority="Santos & Santos & Ribeiro, 2022" authorityName="Santos & Santos & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morphyi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhamphoneurus">Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="439">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Chile,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Is., Dalcahue [
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.366665">42°22′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.65">73°39′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 1/
|
||||
<date value="1968-04-04">4-IV-1968</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USNM)*.
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1958-03-10" county="Chile" elevation="60" latitude="-40.533333" location="Pucotrihue" longLatPrecision="1162" longitude="-73.7" municipality="Osorno" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Chile</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Osorno</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:229C83CB948C50B684BCA5FF071C86F1:9A6A1B1CC6D4A019ACFF100337DC21D2" county="Chile" latitude="-40.533333" longLatPrecision="1162" longitude="-73.7" municipality="Osorno" name="Pucotrihue">Pucotrihue</location>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.533333">40°32′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.7">73°42′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1958-03-10">10-III-1958</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USNM)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
*;
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Chile,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Is., Dalcahue [
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.366665">42°22′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.65">73°39′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 10/
|
||||
<date value="1954-02-12">12-II-1954</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USNM)*;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1954-01-31" county="Chile" elevation="1250" latitude="-37.816666" location="Butamalal" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="-73.23333" municipality="Nahuelbuta" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arauco" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Chile</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Chile" name="Araucania">Arauco</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Nahuelbuta</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:229C83CB948C50B684BCA5FF071C86F1:491083A84BC6DE1A872DF51A1E8E0F71" county="Chile" latitude="-37.816666" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="-73.23333" municipality="Nahuelbuta" name="Butamalal" stateProvince="Arauco">Butamalal</location>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-37.816666">37°49′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.23333">73°14′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1100.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100-1400 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, 23/
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1954-01-31">31-I-1954</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USNM)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
*. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1954-02-08" collectingDateMax="1968-04-04" collectingDateMin="1954-02-08" collectorName="Chiloe Is., Chaiten, Pena, Dalcahue" country="CHILE" latitude="-42.366665" location="CHILE" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-73.65" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Chile">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
and 1 [sex unknown],
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Is.
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>Chaiten</collectorName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.966667">42°58′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 5/
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1954-02-08">8-II-1954</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">
|
||||
<collectorName>Pena</collectorName>
|
||||
</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 [sex unknown],
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Is.
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>Dalcahue</collectorName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.366665">42°22′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.65">73°39′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 1/
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1968-04-04">4-IV-1968</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(USNM)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
The species is named after Charles Morphy D. dos Santos, a Brazilian entomologist who studied the taxonomy and biogeography of South American
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">This species is distinguished by only a marking near R2, and basal deflection of R5 shorter than half-length of R2+3+4. Furthermore, the species is characterized by male terminalia with a triangular spur, tip of left mesal lobe bent, tip of right mesal lobe slightly curved and cercus thin and abruptly curved.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
Wing length 5.63 mm, width 1.74 mm. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||||
: General coloration yellowish brown. Rostrum and palpus dark brown. First segments of antenna yellow, remainding segments dark yellow. Head blackish brown. Eyes black. Thorax yellowish-brown, pleura yellow. Scutum with one reddish-brown stripe. Halter dark yellow with knob pale. Coxae and legs brownish yellow. Abdomen dark brown. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
(dorsal view Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21B</figureCitation>
|
||||
, ventral view Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21A</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Rostrum bifurcated with long appendices; first palpal segment shorter than terminal segment; scape thinner than pedicel; terminal flagellomere as long as penultimate. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
(lateral view Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21E</figureCitation>
|
||||
, dorsal view Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21F</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Anatergite shorter than katatergite. Halter with dilated knob. Wing (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) almost clear of markings, except for marking highlighting R2; veins near fork of bM (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) visible; basal deflection of R5 as long as r-m; M1+2 half-length of basal deflection of M1; R2+3+4 shorter than R2+3. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21H</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Female tergite IX wider and as long as tergite X; cercus curved and abruptly dorsad. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Male terminalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">21G</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Male tergite IX slightly darkened along dorsal margin, with wide V-shaped median notch. Ventral branch of gonocoxite long. Lobe of gonostylus with rounded lobule; lobule longer than wide, longer than half-length of lobe of gonostylus, narrower than stem. Clasper of gonostylus with differently shaped branches: lateral branch straight; medial branch curved. Mesal lobes of gonocoxite asymmetrical; left mesal lobe with posterior projection anvil-shaped; right mesal lobe curved. Sheath of aedeagus straightened with conical projection, darkened only at tip.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740574" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santos & Santos & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morphyi" subGenus="Rhamphoneurus">Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) morphyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">A</emphasis>
|
||||
head (ventral view);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">B</emphasis>
|
||||
head (dorsal view);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">C</emphasis>
|
||||
detail of wing;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">D</emphasis>
|
||||
wing;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">E</emphasis>
|
||||
thorax (lateral view);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">F</emphasis>
|
||||
thorax (dorsal view);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">G</emphasis>
|
||||
male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">H</emphasis>
|
||||
female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">aed sh</emphasis>
|
||||
, sheath of aedeagus;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">anatg</emphasis>
|
||||
, anatergite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">anepm</emphasis>
|
||||
, anepimeron;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">anepst</emphasis>
|
||||
, anepisternum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">aprn</emphasis>
|
||||
, anteropronotum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">cer</emphasis>
|
||||
, cercus;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">cgonst</emphasis>
|
||||
, clasper of gonostylus;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">cx</emphasis>
|
||||
, coxa;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">goncx</emphasis>
|
||||
, gonocoxite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">hlt</emphasis>
|
||||
, halter;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">hyp val</emphasis>
|
||||
, hypogynial valve;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">k</emphasis>
|
||||
, knob of halter;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">kepm</emphasis>
|
||||
, katepimeron;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">kepst</emphasis>
|
||||
, katepisternum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">ktg</emphasis>
|
||||
, katatergite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">l ms</emphasis>
|
||||
, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">lgonst</emphasis>
|
||||
; lobe of gonostylus;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mr</emphasis>
|
||||
, meron;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">ms lobe</emphasis>
|
||||
, mesal lobe of gonocoxite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mtanepst</emphasis>
|
||||
, metanepisternum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mtepm</emphasis>
|
||||
, metepimeron;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mtg</emphasis>
|
||||
, mediotergite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mtkepst</emphasis>
|
||||
, metakatepisternum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mtn</emphasis>
|
||||
, metanotum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">p</emphasis>
|
||||
, posterior basalare;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">patg</emphasis>
|
||||
, paratergite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">pprn</emphasis>
|
||||
, postpronotum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">presct</emphasis>
|
||||
, prescutum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">r ms</emphasis>
|
||||
, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">sct</emphasis>
|
||||
, scutum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">sctl</emphasis>
|
||||
, scutellum;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">st</emphasis>
|
||||
, sternite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">tg</emphasis>
|
||||
, tergite;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">t9</emphasis>
|
||||
, male tergite IX.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
Specimens of this new species were previously identified by C.P. Alexander as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (R.) insanus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="species" species="insanus" subGenus="R.">A. (R.) insanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Alexander. This species resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (R.) amorimi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="species" species="amorimi" subGenus="R.">A. (R.) amorimi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. but differs mainly in chaetotaxy of the thorax and gonocoxite, length of R2+3+4 and shape of mesal lobe.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
462
data/22/9C/CF/229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.xml
Normal file
462
data/22/9C/CF/229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-399" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EC578AD8A1755286B29BC455AE23F263" ID-ZooBank="078C186888BB42F78639FA59F54E7B06" ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-2-399" checkinTime="1665030625538" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa & Austin, Christopher C." docDate="2022" docId="229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 98(2): 399-409" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2)" docPubDate="2022-10-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520" docTitle="Toxicocalamus longhagen Roberts & Iova & Austin 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="078C1868-88BB-42F7-8639-FA59F54E7B06" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="EC578AD8A1755286B29BC455AE23F263" lastPageNumber="399" masterDocId="EC578AD8A1755286B29BC455AE23F263" masterDocTitle="A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="409" masterPageNumber="399" pageNumber="399" updateTime="1665030625538" updateUser="pensoft">
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||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Roberts, Jackson R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Division of Herpetology, Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">roberts.jackson265@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Iova, Bulisa</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Austin, Christopher C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Division of Herpetology, Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-10-05</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>98</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>399</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>409</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-399</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">078C186888BB42F78639FA59F54E7B06</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EC578AD8A1755286B29BC455AE23F263</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:078C1868-88BB-42F7-8639-FA59F54E7B06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/078C1868-88BB-42F7-8639-FA59F54E7B06" authority="Roberts & Iova & Austin, 2022" authorityName="Roberts & Iova & Austin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxicocalamus longhagen" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longhagen" status="sp. nov.">Toxicocalamus longhagen</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="399">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of A. Dorsal B. Ventral views of the holotype of Toxicocalamus longhagen (PNGM 22160). Metallic rectangles in image B are specimen probes used to pin specimen down for ventral scale visualization. Scale bar indicates 5 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753185" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A µCT scan of the holotype of T. longhagen (PNGM 22160) showing the A. Whole body (scale bar 20 mm) and the B. Hemipenes (scale bar 5 mm) highlighted in purple." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753186" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photograph, line illustrations, and 3 D µCT renderings of the right (A-C) and dorsal (E-F) views of the holotype of T. longhagen (PNGM 22160). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753187" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. µCT scans of the A) holotype of T. longhagen (PNGM 22160) with the prefrontal bones highlighted in purple with closer dorsal and anterior views and a B) voucher from the type locality of T. loriae (LSUMZ 129270) with the prefrontals highlighted in yellow. Skull scale bars are 5 mm and postfrontal scale bars are 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753188" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
PNGM 22160, Dobel, Mt. Hagen Town,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.837603" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.837603">-5.837603</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="144.278022" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="144.27802">144.278022</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1,650 meters a.s.l., 25 February 1967, collector unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
The specific epithet,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
, is a combination of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“long”">"long"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
- a Tok Pisin word meaning
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘from’">'from'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“hagen”">"hagen"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
that refers to the type locality of Mt. Hagen Town (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of New Guinea and its adjacent islands. Markers indicate type localities of all accepted species of Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896. The new species, Toxicocalamus longhagen, is marked by a diamond with inset asterisk. The type species of the genus, T. longissimus Boulenger, 1896, is marked by a star on Woodlark Island. Black circles with numbers represent the type localities for the remaining congenerics (numbered longitudinally west-to-east): 1) T. grandis (Boulenger, 1914), 2) T. ernstmayri O'Shea, Parker, and Kaiser 2015, 3) T. preussi anguisinctus Bogert & Matalas, 1945, 4) T. buergersi (Sternfeld, 1913) (precise locality unknown, placement based on O'Shea et al. 2018), 5) T. preussi preussi (Sternfeld, 1913), 6) T. cratermontanus Kraus 2017, 7) T. spilolepidotus McDowell, 1969, 8) T. stanleyanus Boulenger, 1903, 9) T. loriae (Boulenger, 1898), 10) T. pumehanae O'Shea, Allison & Kaiser, 2018, 11) T. mattisoni Kraus, 2020, 12) T. pachysomus Kraus, 2009, 13) T. goodenoughensis Roberts & Austin, 2020, 14) T. nigrescens Kraus, 2017, 15) T. misimae McDowell, 1969, 16) T. mintoni Kraus, 2009, and 17) T. holopelturus McDowell, 1969. Localities have not been indicated for current subjective synonyms of T. loriae. For thorough taxonomic history and localities of these taxa, please see Kraus (2017), O'Shea et al. (2018), O'Shea et al. (2021)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753184" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tok Pisin is a uniting and official language of Papua New Guinea, the most linguistically complex region on the planet with more than 800 unique languages (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318159.ch39" author="Foley, WA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" refId="B12" refString="Foley, WA, 2010. Language contact in the New Guinea region. Handbook of Language Contact, 795-813. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318159.ch39" title="Language contact in the New Guinea region. Handbook of Language Contact, 795 - 813." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318159.ch39" year="2010">Foley 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753184" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Map of New Guinea and its adjacent islands. Markers indicate type localities of all accepted species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxicocalamus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Toxicocalamus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boulenger, 1896. The new species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts & Iova & Austin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxicocalamus longhagen" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Toxicocalamus longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is marked by a diamond with inset asterisk. The type species of the genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longissimus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longissimus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boulenger, 1896, is marked by a star on Woodlark Island. Black circles with numbers represent the type localities for the remaining congenerics (numbered longitudinally west-to-east): 1)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. grandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1914), 2)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ernstmayri" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="ernstmayri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. ernstmayri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Parker, and Kaiser 2015, 3)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. preussi subsp. anguisinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="subSpecies" species="preussi" subSpecies="anguisinctus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. preussi anguisinctus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Bogert & Matalas, 1945, 4)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. buergersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="buergersi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. buergersi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sternfeld, 1913) (precise locality unknown, placement based on
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Shea, M" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="403 - 433" refId="B24" refString="O'Shea, M, Allison, A, Kaiser, H, 2018. The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key. Amphibia-Reptilia 39 (4): 403 - 433" title="The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key." volume="39" year="2018">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), 5)
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="preussi" lsidName="T. preussi subsp. preussi" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="subSpecies" species="preussi" subSpecies="preussi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. preussi preussi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sternfeld, 1913), 6)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cratermontanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="cratermontanus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. cratermontanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" author="Kraus, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="574 - 581" refId="B17" refString="Kraus, F, 2017. Two new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 574 - 581, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" title="Two new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" volume="51" year="2017">Kraus 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, 7)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. spilolepidotus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="spilolepidotus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. spilolepidotus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
McDowell, 1969, 8)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. stanleyanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="stanleyanus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. stanleyanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boulenger, 1903, 9)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loriae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1898), 10)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pumehanae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="pumehanae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. pumehanae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Allison & Kaiser, 2018, 11)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mattisoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2020, 12)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pachysomus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="pachysomus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. pachysomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2009, 13)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. goodenoughensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="goodenoughensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. goodenoughensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Roberts & Austin, 2020, 14)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nigrescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2017, 15)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. misimae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="misimae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. misimae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
McDowell, 1969, 16)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mintoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="mintoni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. mintoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2009, and 17)
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. holopelturus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="holopelturus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. holopelturus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
McDowell, 1969. Localities have not been indicated for current subjective synonyms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loriae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. For thorough taxonomic history and localities of these taxa, please see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" author="Kraus, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="574 - 581" refId="B17" refString="Kraus, F, 2017. Two new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 574 - 581, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" title="Two new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" volume="51" year="2017">Kraus (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Shea, M" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="403 - 433" refId="B24" refString="O'Shea, M, Allison, A, Kaiser, H, 2018. The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key. Amphibia-Reptilia 39 (4): 403 - 433" title="The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key." volume="39" year="2018">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (2018)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.397" author="O'Shea, M" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zoological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="395 - 411" refId="B25" refString="O'Shea, M, Blum, P, Kaiser, H, 2021. Discovery of the second specimen of Toxicocalamus ernstmayri O'Shea et al. 2015 (Squamata: Elapidae), the first from Papua Province, Indonesia, with comments on the type locality of T. grandis (Boulenger, 1914). Bonn Zoological Bulletin 69: 395 - 411, DOI: https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.397" title="Discovery of the second specimen of Toxicocalamus ernstmayri O'Shea et al. 2015 (Squamata: Elapidae), the first from Papua Province, Indonesia, with comments on the type locality of T. grandis (Boulenger, 1914)." url="https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2020.69.2.397" volume="69" year="2021">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (2021)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A medium-sized species with moderate habitus (566.0 total length, 12.8 maximum lateral width) with 15-15-15 dorsal scale rows, 200 ventral scales, 43 paired subcaudals, preocular present and not fused to prefrontal, preocular not in contact with internasal or nasal; prefrontal separating preocular from internasal and nasal by contacting second supralabial; frontal not fused with supraoculars; internasals not fused; four circumoculars - one supraocular, one preocular, two postoculars; nasals divided; one anterior temporal not fused with supralabials, one posterior temporal; six supralabials, the second in contact with prefrontal, preventing contact between nasal and preocular; cloacal plate divided; ventrals yellowish with light to dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts & Iova & Austin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxicocalamus longhagen" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Toxicocalamus longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. holopelturus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="holopelturus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. holopelturus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
McDowell, 1969 by having paired subcaudals (vs. single); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mintoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="mintoni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. mintoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2009,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cratermontanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="cratermontanus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. cratermontanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2017,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. stanleyanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="stanleyanus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. stanleyanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boulenger, 1903,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. misimae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="misimae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. misimae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
McDowell, 1969,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longissimus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longissimus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boulenger, 1896,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. buergersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="buergersi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. buergersi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sternfeld, 1913), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. preussi" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="preussi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. preussi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sternfeld, 1913) by having preocular not fused to prefrontal (vs. fused); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pumehanae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="pumehanae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. pumehanae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Allison & Kaiser, 2018 by having prefrontal distinct from internasal (vs. fused); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. goodenoughensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="goodenoughensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. goodenoughensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Roberts & Austin, 2020, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pachysomus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="pachysomus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. pachysomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2009, by lacking contact between internasal and preocular (vs. internasal and preocular in contact); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nigrescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2017,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loriae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1898),
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. spilolepidotus" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="spilolepidotus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. spilolepidotus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
McDowell, 1969,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. grandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1914), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ernstmayri" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="ernstmayri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. ernstmayri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having preocular lacking contact with nasal (vs. preocular contacting prefrontal and nasal).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
In having prefrontal in contact with second supralabial, preventing contact between preocular and either internasal or nasal,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most similar in head scalation to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mattisoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kraus, 2020. It can be further distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mattisoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by presence of two postoculars (vs. one), by having one large posterior temporal (vs. two posterior temporals), and presence of more ventrals (200 vs.170-181).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts & Iova & Austin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxicocalamus longhagen" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Toxicocalamus longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has scalation similar to some specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apistocalamus loennbergii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Apistocalamus loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boulenger, 1908, a taxon currently in synonymy with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loriae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" author="Kraus, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="574 - 581" refId="B17" refString="Kraus, F, 2017. Two new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 574 - 581, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" title="Two new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/17-035" volume="51" year="2017">Kraus 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" author="Kraus, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="127 - 137" refId="B18" refString="Kraus, F, 2020. A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 4859 (1): 127 - 137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" title="A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" volume="4859" year="2020">Kraus 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); specifically, in both the new species and some
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. loennbergii" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens, the prefrontal scale contacts the second supralabial, preventing preocular and nasal scale contact.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" author="Kraus, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="127 - 137" refId="B18" refString="Kraus, F, 2020. A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 4859 (1): 127 - 137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" title="A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" volume="4859" year="2020">Kraus (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. loennbergii" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as having "preocular and nasal scales [that] may or may not be in contact" because they are barely separated on just the right side in the lectotype (BMNH 1946.1.18.24) but bilaterally in contact in the two paralectotypes (BMNH 1946.1.18.25-26). Disregarding this character,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can still be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. loennbergii" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having two postoculars (vs. 1, "exceptionally two"
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930808692393" author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="Zoology, Botany, and Geology" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="248 - 250" refId="B7" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1908. Description of a new elapine snake of the genus Apistocalamus Blgr., from New Guinea. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Zoology, Botany, and Geology 1: 248 - 250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930808692393" title="Description of a new elapine snake of the genus Apistocalamus Blgr., from New Guinea. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930808692393" volume="1" year="1908">Boulenger 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), fewer ventrals (200 vs. 213-218), and more subcaudals (43 vs. 22-32).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753185" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photographs of
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ventral views of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts & Iova & Austin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxicocalamus longhagen" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Toxicocalamus longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(PNGM 22160). Metallic rectangles in image B are specimen probes used to pin specimen down for ventral scale visualization. Scale bar indicates 5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
Adult male confirmed by
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µCT">µCT</normalizedToken>
|
||||
scans showing the presence of well-developed hemipenes, length 19.0, width 3.2 (1.6 each) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A µCT scan of the holotype of T. longhagen (PNGM 22160) showing the A. Whole body (scale bar 20 mm) and the B. Hemipenes (scale bar 5 mm) highlighted in purple." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753186" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Total length 566.0, snout-vent length 476.0, tail length 90.0, eye-naris distance 2.8, internarial distance 2.8, head length 12.7, head width 8.6.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753186" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
A
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µCT">µCT</normalizedToken>
|
||||
scan of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(PNGM 22160) showing the
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Whole body (scale bar 20 mm) and the
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Hemipenes (scale bar 5 mm) highlighted in purple.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
Rostral broader (3.2) than tall (2.4); internasals near triangular, wider (2.2) than long (1.3); prefrontals pentagonal, unfused to preoculars (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photograph, line illustrations, and 3 D µCT renderings of the right (A-C) and dorsal (E-F) views of the holotype of T. longhagen (PNGM 22160). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753187" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as long (2.8) as they are wide (2.8); preocular fan-shaped, not fused with supraocular and not in contact with internasal or nasal (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photograph, line illustrations, and 3 D µCT renderings of the right (A-C) and dorsal (E-F) views of the holotype of T. longhagen (PNGM 22160). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753187" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); parietal scales longer (5.7) than wide (each 3.5), parietal suture 4.0. Nasals divided, separated by large nares; postoculars two, top postocular 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
larger than bottom postocular; anterior temporal single, rectangular, positioned above and in contact with fifth and sixth supralabials; posterior temporal single, positioned between sixth supralabial and parietals. Supralabials six, third and fourth in contact with eye; infralabials six, first four in contact with genials (first three with anterior genials, fourth with posterior genials). Mental triangular, wider (2.0) than tall (1.3); anterior genials in contact, anterior margin bordering first infralabials; posterior genials separated from each other along entire interior margin by intergenial gular (2.7 long by 1.7 wide) and separated entirely from fifth infralabial by two lateral gulars. Eye small (diameter 1.6); pupil round.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.90520.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753187" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph, line illustrations, and 3D
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µCT">µCT</normalizedToken>
|
||||
renderings of the right (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
) and dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">E-F</emphasis>
|
||||
) views of the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(PNGM 22160). Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
Dorsal scale rows 15-15-15, smooth without apical pits. Ventrals 200, 5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wider than long; paired subcaudals 43. Cloacal plate divided, wider (6.3) than long (2.5). Tail with conical spine (length 3.3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
Maxilla with six (right) and five (left) teeth, both sides with maxillary positions for two grooved envenoming front fangs (II,4 / II,3; but each side appears to be missing one of the front envenomating fangs); dentary with 11 (right) and 12 (left) teeth, front three (four on right) separated from remaining posterior dentary teeth by 0.5 mm; palatine with six (right) and seven (left) teeth; pterygoid with 15 and 16 (left) teeth that extend posteriorly past basisphenoid and basioccipital suture. Postfrontal bones present, triangular or teardrop in shape, curved and extending ventrally at roughly 45-degree angle from skull (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/20-043" author="Roberts, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" pagination="446 - 459" refId="B27" refString="Roberts, JR, Austin, CC, 2020. A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Elapidae: Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896), with comments on postfrontal bone variation based on micro-computed tomography. Journal of Herpetology 54 (4): 446 - 459, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/20-043" title="A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Elapidae: Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896), with comments on postfrontal bone variation based on micro-computed tomography." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/20-043" volume="54" year="2020">Roberts and Austin 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="color in preservative">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Color in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
Color in life is unknown but color in preservative is atypical for the genus. This may reflect the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="specimen’s">specimen's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
preservation position; rather than a coil, the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="specimen’s">specimen's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
resting position is that of a crumpled-up ball. This fixation position appears to have affected the coloration; at the sharpest turns in the body, the scales facing the outside of the balled-up snake are almost all uniformly pale yellow while those on the inner surfaces (presumably protected more from light damage) are variable shades of dark mousy brown depending on the position along the body (closer to the tail = darker brown). Based on these observations, we suggest that this irregular color pattern has been the product of light exposure, and the intense crumpling of the specimen has facilitated color loss differentially across the body in the specimen. Nonetheless, we describe the current color pattern of the specimen below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Dorsal head scales almost entirely mousy brown, becoming light yellow laterally on sides of the face once reaching the middle of the supralabials. Dorsum becomes lighter beyond second dorsal scale row behind parietals. Along spine, dorsal scale rows retain small amount of brown, but brownish yellow dominates; a dark vertebral patch of brown, roughly 3 dorsal scale rows in width, present at level of 66th ventral scale. A second dark vertebral patch posterior to first patch at 76th ventral, is roughly 7 scale rows in width; these dark brown patches connect on the right side of body by light brown dorsal scales. Dorsal scales posterior to second brown patch (excluding first row), with pale-yellow background overlain by mousy brown that darkens towards tail; tail darker brown than all other dorsal surfaces.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">The lightest ventral scales are on the anterior and posterior thirds of the body, with the scales near mid-body being darker brown than all other ventrals. Each ventral scale darkens anteriorly, with the posterior of each scale light yellow. The ventrals of the first and last third of the body are more contrasting, with the anterior margin of these scales obviously darker brown than the brownish yellow color of the posterior margin. In the mid-body, the darkest ventral scales are almost uniformly dark brown with no yellow posterior margin.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">The subcaudals are nearly uniform in color and pattern, with the anterior margin dark brown with a yellow posterior margin. As the subcaudals approach the tail tip, the proportion of dark brown to yellow increases, with the last eight paired subcaudals almost entirely dark brown. The base of the conical tail tip is dark brown, with the rest of the tip the same yellow as that of the subcaudals.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Two red embossed dymo tags (numbers 10198 and 1580) are tied along the neck. The anteriormost tag (10198) has been tied so tightly that the dorsal and ventral scales are damaged and partially torn. The official PNGM catalog tag has its own string but is tied to this anterior 10198 tag as well. Other damages to the specimen include three lacerations to the dorsum that probably occurred during field collection.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
Currently,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from the holotype, collected in Dobel Village (1,650 m a.s.l.,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.837603" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.837603">-5.837603</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="144.278022" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="144.27802">144.278022</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), Mt. Hagen Town, Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. This area now, according to satellite imagery, is within a developing portion of Mt. Hagen Town comprising small structures and small-scale tilled plots of land and gardens. We also examined vouchers of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loriae" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from three localities from Chimbu Province in the Waghi Valley east of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="399" rank="species" species="longhagen">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="399">T. longhagen</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
type locality (Dobel Village): Kup near Mt. Kubor (58 km straight-line distance from Dobel Village), Kondiu (66 km), and Kundiawa (79 km). Based on the straight-line distance from type locality and some morphological similarities, these specimens may be conspecific but we are not confident of this and do not include them as conspecific at this time.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="399" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">Deposited material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="399">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µCT">µCT</normalizedToken>
|
||||
scans of
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
comprise scans of the body and CLAHE corrected scans of the head deposited on Morphosource (Identifier - PNGM 22160).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
318
data/22/9C/E1/229CE18C85EF9BA45A13C2B339F2D806.xml
Normal file
318
data/22/9C/E1/229CE18C85EF9BA45A13C2B339F2D806.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.13277" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf5cfe56-5e35-477a-953b-a4cb17ab7a45" ID-PMC="PMC5904391" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-738-47" ID-PubMed="29670420" ID-ZBK="C518E4B550AC4D7FAF88B6C30B3BF002" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-738-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 738" ModsDocTitle="First records of the genus Pelionella Kaydan, 2015 in East Asia, with description of a new species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae)" checkinTime="1519083494102" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tanaka, Hirotaka" docDate="2018" docId="229CE18C85EF9BA45A13C2B339F2D806" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 738: 47-58" docOrigin="ZooKeys 738" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.13277" docTitle="Pelionella osakaensis Tanaka, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F2AB23EA-CD3B-4CB1-938A-DED7C5F714FE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FF952D10FFBCFF8CFFDA4B1DFFAE2D09" masterDocTitle="First records of the genus Pelionella Kaydan, 2015 in East Asia, with description of a new species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668165455263" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>First records of the genus Pelionella Kaydan, 2015 in East Asia, with description of a new species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Tanaka, Hirotaka</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>738</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>47</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>58</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.13277</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.13277</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-738-47</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C518E4B550AC4D7FAF88B6C30B3BF002</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C518E4B550AC4D7FAF88B6C30B3BF002</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="141117785" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2AB23EA-CD3B-4CB1-938A-DED7C5F714FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/229CE18C85EF9BA45A13C2B339F2D806" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F2AB23EA-CD3B-4CB1-938A-DED7C5F714FE" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella osakaensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osakaensis">Pelionella osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="50">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figure 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="51" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
Adult ♀. Japan, Osaka-pref., Sennan City, Kansai International Airport, 12.X.2014, host plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indica" variety="maximowiczii">Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, coll. K. Fujimoto. (NSMT-I-Ho 00081).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Eighteen pairs of cerarii present on body margin. Several slightly elevated dorsal cerarii also present on dorsal surface. Clusters of multilocular pores with double rings present on dorsum; each cluster contains 1-2 multilocular pores with double rings, 0-1 small oral-collar tubular ducts, 0-2 large oral-collar tubular ducts, and 0-3 minute discoidal pores. Multilocular pores with double rings and clusters of multilocular disc pores with single ring and oral-collar tubular ducts absent on venter. Circulus oval, present on posterior part of third abdominal segment of venter. Translucent pores absent on hind legs.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
Slide-mounted specimen.Adult female. Body elongate oval, 1.7 mm long, 0.9 mm wide. Eyes submarginal, each 30-32
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter. Antenna 9-segmented, 363-387
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long; apical segment 53-57
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long, 20-25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide; with two apical setae each 30-38
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long, and three fleshy setae each 20-30
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long. Labium
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="52" start="start">103</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long, 68
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide. Circulus oval, approx. 74
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, situated on posterior part of third abdominal segment. Legs well developed; posterior legs: coxa 82-85
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long; trochanter + femur 248-250
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long; tibia + tarsus 275-278
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long; claw 30-34
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long. Translucent pores absent. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur 1.1:1; ratio of lengths of tibia to tarsus 1.4-1.5:1; ratio of length of trochanter + femur to greatest width of femur 3.0:1. Tarsal digitules hair-like, each 20-31μm long. Claw digitules knobbed, each 28
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long. Claw with well-developed denticle on plantar surface. Anterior ostioles with a total for both lips of 26 to 30 trilocular pores and 2-3 setae; posterior ostioles with a total for both lips of 33-36 trilocular pores and 5-6 setae. Anal ring 85
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, bearing 6 setae, each seta 103-125
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
Dorsum. Cerarii on margins slightly prominent but with no sclerotization, numbering 18 pairs; anal lobe cerarii each with 2-3 slender enlarged setae, each 11-21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long, and 2-3 spine-like auxiliary setae; other cerarii on margins each with 2-3 slender enlarged setae and several trilocular pores. Several dorsal cerarii present on dorsal surfaces as shown in Figure 2, each cerarii with 1-2 relatively small enlarged setae, no auxiliary setae and several triolocular pores; each slightly prominent but with no sclerotization. Setae spine-like, each 5-15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long; larger setae each with 1-3 trilocular pores near base, sometimes forming dorsal cerarii. Multilocular pores with double rings, each 5.5-6.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, in each cluster present singly or in pairs together with 0-1 small oral-collar tubular ducts, 1.8-2.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, plus 0-2 large oral-collar tubular ducts, each 2.5-2.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, and 0-3 minute discoidal pores, each 1.2-1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter. Clusters few on head and thorax, and present on abdominal segments as follows: I 4, II 4, III 11, IV 11, V 13, VI 2, VII 3, VIII+IX 0. Trilocular pores, each 3.2-3.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, scattered throughout. Several small oral-collar ducts, each 1.8-2.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, and minute discoidal pores, each 1.2-1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, sometimes present outside the clusters.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
Venter. Setae of two types: (i) hair-like setae, each 14-81
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long, longest present on medial area of posterior abdominal segments; and (ii) spine-like setae, each 5-10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long, present in submarginal areas. Apical setae of anal lobes each 162-169
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long. Multilocular disc pores, each 5.5-6.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, present in bands on abdominal segments as follows: IV 4, V 0, VI 28, VII 34, VIII + IX 29. Quinquelocular pores, each 3.5-4.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, scattered medially on head, thorax, and first four abdominal segments. Trilocular pores, each 2.8-3.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, scattered throughout. Minute discoidal pores, each 1.0-1.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter, few in number. Oral-collar tubular ducts of 1size, each 1.9-2.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, mostly present in bands across posterior abdominal segments and on medial areas of thoracic segments; a few ducts present in submarginal areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
Figure 2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella osakaensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osakaensis">Pelionella osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. adult female (holotype). ALC, anal lobe cerarius ANT antenna DC dorsal cluster DS dorsal setae LG leg MP multilocular pore OCD oral-collar tubular ducts QP quinquelocular pore PC Penultimate cerarius TP trilocular pore. Scale bars: 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(ANT, LG); 50
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(ALC, PC); 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
for the others.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">The species is named after the prefecture in Japan where it was collected.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella osakaensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osakaensis">Pelionella osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. is quite similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. grassiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="grassiana">P. grassiana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1989) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. proeminens" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="proeminens">P. proeminens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1990) in having clusters containing one or two multilocular pores with double rings on dorsum and more than 16 pairs of cerarii. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. osakaensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="osakaensis">P. osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the latter species in having a circulus on the posterior part of the third abdominal segment, several slight elevated dorsal cerarii, and in lacking translucent pores on hind legs. Although the presence or absence of a circulus can be variable within a mealybug spe
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="53" start="start">cies</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, it may be a useful, readily observable diagnostic character for
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. osakaensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="osakaensis">P. osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
given the current status of classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelionella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella osakaensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osakaensis">Pelionella osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. stellarocheae" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="stellarocheae">P. stellarocheae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1990) in lacking translucent pores on hind legs and in having smaller number of multilocular pores with double rings in each cluster on dorsum; however, it clearly differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. stellarocheae" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="stellarocheae">P. stellarocheae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having 18 pairs of cerarii plus dorsal cerarii. The presence of dorsal cerarii is one of the important features of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. osakaensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="osakaensis">P. osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although it may appear to conflict with the generic definition of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelionella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
proposed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaydan, MB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" pagination="201 - 248" title="A systematic study of Peliococcus Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of a new Palaearctic genus and four new species from Turkey." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.1" volume="3920" year="2015">Kaydan (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Here the importance of the presence of multilocular pores with double rings in the clusters is emphasized, so the new species is considered to belong to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelionella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Further research into the generic definition of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelionella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is still much needed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella osakaensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osakaensis">Pelionella osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has only been collected from the site of Kansai International Airport, one of the largest airports in Japan, so it is possible that it is not endemic. A more detailed distributional study of the species and the current population level and distribution of the species at the airport may be important in relation to plant-quarantine measures.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="key to species of the genus pelionella based on adult female morphology (adopted and partially modified from kaydan 2015)">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
Key to species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pelionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelionella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelionella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on adult female morphology (adopted and partially modified from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaydan, MB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" pagination="201 - 248" title="A systematic study of Peliococcus Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of a new Palaearctic genus and four new species from Turkey." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.1" volume="3920" year="2015">Kaydan 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<table lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. glandulifer" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="glandulifer">P. glandulifer</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tritubulata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="tritubulata">P. tritubulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. balteata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="balteata">P. balteata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Green, 1928)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cycliger" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="cycliger">P. cycliger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Leonardi, 1908)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tritubulata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="tritubulata">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="54" start="start">P</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. tritubulata
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Kiritchenko, 1940)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. multipora" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="multipora">P. multipora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kaydan, 2015
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. manifecta" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="manifecta">P. manifecta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Borchsenius, 1949)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. stellarocheae" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="stellarocheae">P. stellarocheae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1990)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. osakaensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="osakaensis">P. osakaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. glandulifer" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="glandulifer">P. glandulifer</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Borchsenius, 1949)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. kansui" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="kansui">P. kansui</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kaydan, 2015
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sablia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="sablia">P. sablia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1989)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. grassiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="grassiana">P. grassiana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1989)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. proeminens" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="proeminens">P. proeminens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Goux, 1989)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSection>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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