diff --git a/data/03/E9/87/03E987B89B0CFFD2FE16FACCA0BDFE90.xml b/data/03/E9/87/03E987B89B0CFFD2FE16FACCA0BDFE90.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6bea433be20 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E9/87/03E987B89B0CFFD2FE16FACCA0BDFE90.xml @@ -0,0 +1,2337 @@ + + + +A New Species of Murina (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Mou, Xin +Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China +mouxin@mail.kiz.ac.cn + + + +Author + +Qian, Yishun +Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China + + + +Author + +Li, Mei +Conservation Area Management Committee of Guanyin Shan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yuanyang 662400, China + + + +Author + +Li, Biao +Conservation Area Management Committee of Guanyin Shan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yuanyang 662400, China + + + +Author + +Luo, Xiong +Conservation Area Management Committee of Guanyin Shan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yuanyang 662400, China + + + +Author + +Li, Song +Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China +lis@mail.kiz.ac.cn + +text + + +Animals + + +2024 + +2024-08-15 + + +14 + + +16 + + +1 +15 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14162371 + +journal article +10.3390/ani14162371 +PMC11350883 +39199905 +13829969 + + + + + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. + + + + + +Holotype +: Field number +KIZ20230424 +, +adult +female +, collected on + +21 May 2023 + +. The mitochondrial COI nucleotide sequence was submitted to GenBank under accession number +PQ179689 + +. + + + + +Type locality: +Pinghe +, +Xiaoxinjie Town +, +Yuanyang County +, +Yunnan Province +, +China +( + +22.990097 + +◦ + +N + +, + +102.990097 + +◦ + +E + +, + +2434 m + +). + + + + + +Paratype +: Field number +KIZ20230450 +, +adult +female +, collected in +Pinghe +, +Xiaoxinjie Township +, +Yuanyang County +, +Yunnan Province +, +China +( + +22.990097 + +◦ + +N + +, + +102.990097 + +◦ + +E + +, + +2434 m + +) on + +22 May 2023 + +. + + +Field number +KIZ20230415 +, +adult +male +, collected in +Pinghe +, +Xiaoxinjie Township +, +Yuanyang County +, +Yunnan Province +, +China +( + +22.991851 + +◦ + +N + +, + +103.002188 + +◦ + +E + +, + +2412 m + +) on + +21 May 2023 + +. The mitochondrial COI nucleotide sequence of KIZ20230415 was submitted to GenBank under accession number +PQ179688 + +. + + + + +Etymology: The name + +yuanyang + +refers to the +type +locality of the species. + + + + +Measurements: Measurements of the +type +specimen are shown in +Table 4 +. + + + + +Figure 1. +Bayesian phylogenetic tree of + +Murina +species + +based on COI fragments. Node numbers before “/” indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (values below 0.90 not shown) and numbers after “/” indicate ultrafast bootstrap support for maximum-likelihood analyses (values below 70 not shown). + + + + +Table 3. +Uncorrected +p +-distances (%) between species calculated from 657 bp COI gene fragment. Values less than or equal to +p +-distances between our specimen and + +M. chrysochaetes + +are underlined. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
No.Taxon1234567891011121314
1 + +M. yuanyang + +sp. Nov. +(KIZ20230415) +
2 + +M. yuanyang + +sp. Nov. +(KIZ20230424) +0.0
3 + +M. yuanyang + +sp. Nov. +(KIZ20230426) +0.00.0
4 + +M. yuanyang + +sp. Nov. +(KIZ20230449) +0.00.00.0
5 + +M. yuanyang + +sp. Nov. +(KIZ20230492) +0.00.00.00.0
6 + +M. yuanyang + +sp. Nov. +(KIZ20230498) +0.30.30.30.30.3
7 + +M. chrysochaetes + +2.72.72.72.72.73.0
8 + +M. harpioloides + +9.09.09.09.09.09.39.4
9 + +M. eleryi + +16.316.316.316.316.316.317.216.5
10 + +M. leucogaster + +17.017.017.017.017.017.416.916.016.6
11 + +M. rongjiangensis + +16.616.616.616.616.616.917.016.015.74.3
12 + +M. shuipuensis + +17.517.517.517.517.517.817.716.416.12.64.1
13 + +M. gracilis + +17.817.817.817.817.817.818.817.59.617.516.617.0
14 + +M. recondita + +19.119.119.119.119.119.120.018.610.718.417.217.54.2
+ + + +Table 4. +Weight (g) and external and cranial measurements (mm) of + +Murina +species. + +Abbreviations and definitions of measurement values are provided in Section 2. “ ” indicate male, “ ” indicate female, “*” indicate the means of IEBR-M6020 and S186699. + + + + + + + + + + +Murina + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterHolotype (KIZ20230424) +yuanyang +sp. nov. +( +n += 2) + +Paratype ♂ +Mean, KIZ20230415 (KIZ20230450) (Paratype), KIZ20230492 + +♀ + +( +n += 5) Mean +± +SD, Min–Max + + +Murina chrysochaetes + +IEBR-M6020, Holotype, /S186699,,, Eger and ♀ ♀ ♂ + +Son et al. Lim [ +18 +] [ +10 +, +31 +] + + +Murina harpioloides + +Holotype, ♀, + +Kruskop and Eger [ +17 +] + + +Murina eleryi + +Holotype, ♂, + +Furey et al. [ +7 +] + + +Murina aurata + +Holotype, ♂ +Paratype, +♂ + +Mean ( +n += 2) Eger and Lim [ +18 +] + +
WT4.24.73.5, 3.6, 3.4 +4.3 +± +0.3, 3.8–4.7 +3.04.0 *4.24.0-
HB35.0536.3433.66, 31.37, 35.94 +34.82 +± +1.52, 32.11–36.34 +-40.0 *35.0--
TL31.5827.9925.57, 23.89, 27.25 +28.39 +± +1.64, 26.92–31.58 +-24.0 *30.528.7-
E12.9913.1113.09, 12.77, 13.40 +13.25 +± +0.82, 12.27–14.77 +-12.0 *12.312.6-
HF7.888.526.49, 6.83, 6.14 +7.66 +± +0.75, 6.25–8.52 +-5.5 *-6.2-
TIB13.4813.5712.86, 12.56, 13.16 +13.15 +± +0.43, 12.37–13.57 +10.9212.6 *-14.712.00
FA29.829.6427.81, 27.96, 27.66 +29.83 +± +0.35, 29.53–30.51 +26.3528.6 *29.728.429.14
MET225.5625.5522.36, 22.82, 21.89 +24.46 +± +1.00, 23.06–25.56 +-----
MET327.9028.0925.15, 24.48, 25.79 +27.39 +± +0.60, 26.58–28.09 +25.43--26.225.99
MET427.1827.7925.09, 24.59, 25.59 +26.99 +± +0.68, 25.78–27.79 +24.53--25.526.46
MET527.4927.4625.34, 24.95, 25.73 +27.21 +± +0.28, 26.71–27.49 +24.50--26.126.81
STOTL13.8413.7913.54, 13.31, 13.77 +13.90 +± +0.10, 13.79–14.07 +-14.57/14.72-14.62-
GTL14.1313.9513.72, 13.44, 14.00 +14.09 +± +0.07, 13.95–14.16 +14.05--14.9014.20
CBL12.6812.4612.18, 12.02,12.35 +12.58 +± +0.12, 12.41–12.72 +12.45-13.0212.8912.56
+ + + +Table 4. +Cont. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Character + +Holotype (KIZ20230424) + + + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +( +n += 2) Paratype + +♂ +Mean, KIZ20230415 (KIZ20230450) (Paratype), KIZ20230492 + +♀ + +( +n += 5) Mean +± +SD, Min–Max + + + + +Murina chrysochaetes + +IEBR-M6020, Holotype, /S186699,,, Eger and + +♀ ♀ ♂ + +Son et al. Lim [ +18 +] [ +10 +, +31 +] + + + + +Murina harpioloides + +Holotype, + +♀, + +Kruskop and Eger [ +17 +] + + + + +Murina eleryi + +Holotype, + +♂, + +Furey et al. [ +7 +] + + + + +Murina aurata + +Holotype, + +♂ +Paratype, +♂ + +Mean ( +n += 2) Eger and Lim [ +18 +] + +
CCL12.1212.0511.75, 11.58, 11.93 +12.10 +± +0.09, 11.94–12.22 +--12.3412.59-
ZYW7.737.707.46, 7.41,7.52 +7.69 +± +0.13, 7.44–7.81 +7.858.41-7.847.59
BCW6.956.976.92, 6.91, 6.93 +7.00 +± +0.08, 6.93–7.15 +6.987.287.217.117.15
BCH6.786.566.79, 6.59, 6.98 +6.62 +± +0.09, 6.51–6.78 +-6.335.815.77-
IOW3.843.803.73, 3.67, 3.78 +3.79 +± +0.06, 3.68–3.86 +-4.174.124.27-
POW3.933.903.91, 3.88, 3.93 +3.94 +± +0.05, 3.88–4.01 +4.26-4.09-4.17
MAW7.387.387.21, 7.18, 7.23 +7.31 +± +0.10, 7.12–7.38 +7.077.627.427.077.14
BOW1.501.381.32, 1.28, 1.35 +1.40 +± +0.06, 1.30–1.50 +-1.39-1.22-
CM3L4.514.544.41, 4.43, 4.38 +4.53 +± +0.06, 4.45–4.63 +4.365.44/4.664.684.504.27
IM3L5.285.295.18, 5.13, 5.23 +5.28 +± +0.07, 5.22–5.40 +-----
CP4L2.002.112.03, 2.06,2.00 +2.07 +± +0.04, 2.00–2.12 +-2.02-2.07-
M1M3L2.732.682.67, 2.63, 2.71 +2.69 +± +0.04, 2.62–2.74 +-2.88---
PWC1C11.781.711.53, 1.42, 1.63 +1.68 +± +0.07, 1.55–1.78 +-1.99-1.65-
PWM3M32.732.762.69, 2.63, 2.75 +2.80 +± +0.05, 2.73–2.86 +-3.013.102.59-
C1C1W3.223.283.11, 3.01, 3.21 +3.21 +± +0.08, 3.06–3.28 +3.183.633.393.213.18
M3M3W4.744.624.60, 4.61, 4.59 +4.67 +± +0.04, 4.62–4.74 +-4.934.884.62-
MDL8.768.758.32, 8.21, 8.43 +8.75 +± +0.13, 8.51–8.91 +8.42---8.59
ML8.418.428.12, 8.09, 8.15 +8.49 +± +0.13, 8.34–8.69 +-9.30/9.949.319.55-
CPH2.862.932.64, 2.52, 2.76 +2.83 +± +0.09, 2.69–2.93 +3.063.513.322.862.87
CM3L5.034.934.76, 4.81, 4.71 +4.93 +± +0.05, 4.88–5.03 +4.365.085.134.894.64
IM3L5.485.565.34, 5.32, 5.36 +5.57 +± +0.09, 5.46–5.70 +-----
CP4L2.011.921.88, 1.85, 1.91 +1.92 +± +0.06, 1.85–2.01 +-1.83-1.82-
M1M3L3.343.423.20, 3.16, 3.24 +3.36 +± +0.05, 3.29–3.42 +-3.33---
+ + + +Diagnosis: Small-sized + +Murina +species + +, FA +27.66–30.51 mm +and GTL +13.44–14.16 mm +( +Table 4 +). Elongated tubular nostrils; third, fourth, and fifth finger metacarpals roughly equal in size; tail vertebrae slightly free at tip; plagiopatagium attached at about one-third from base of claw to base of toe, near base of claw ( +Figure 2 +). Fur on back glossy, overall dark golden with deep brown, with clearly demarcated color bands; ventral fur gray-white, with golden color on both sides of chest ( +Figure 2 +). Sagittal crest absent, lambdoidal crest not prominent ( +Figure 3 +); in lateral view, skull appears slightly elongated with slightly oval braincase, gradually rising with gentle slope from snout to cranial vertex ( +Figure 3 +(A3,B3)); palatine wide without distinct concavity ( +Figure 3 +(A2,B2,C2)). I +2 +located in front of I +3 +, clearly visible from side; noticeable gap between I +3 +and C +1 +; height of P +2 +less than half that of C +1 +and P +4 +( +Figure 3 +(A3,B3,C3)); crown area of P +2 +slightly smaller than that of C +1 +, less than half crown area of P +4 +; mesostyle of M +1 +and M +2 +slightly developed, M +3 +reduced ( +Figure 3 +(A2,B2,C2)). C +1 +slightly higher than P +4 +, P +2 +significantly lower than C +1 +and P +4 +. Basal area of C +1 +similar to P +4 +and more than twice basal area of P +2 +. Lower molars belong to nyctalodont +type +( +Figure 3 +(A5,B5,C5)). + + + + +Figure 2. +External morphology of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +( +A +) Holotype (KIZ20230424); ( +B +) paratype (KIZ20230450); ( +C +) paratype (KIZ20230415, specimens soaked in alcohol). ( +1 +) = Dorsal view; ( +2 +) = ventral view; ( +3 +) = lateral view. Scale = 10 mm. + + + + +Figure 3. +Skull of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +( +A +) Holotype (KIZ20230424); ( +B +) paratype (KIZ20230450); ( +C +) paratype (KIZ20230415). ( +1 +) = Dorsal view of skull; ( +2 +) = ventral view of skull; ( +3 +) = lateral view of skull; ( +4 +) = lateral view of mandible; ( +5 +) = occlusal view of mandible. Scale = 2 mm. + + + + +Description: Body: Small-sized + +Murina +species + +, HB +31.37–36.34 mm +, WT +3.4–4.7 g +, FA +27.66–30.51 mm +, GTL +13.44–14.16 mm +( +Table 4 +). Nostrils tubular, opening sideways and relatively long ( +Figure 2 +). Snout darker than nostrils. Ear length +11.85–14.77 mm +, overall shape oval, upper part forms rounded arch, not pointed, deep gray in color, color at base slightly lighter than upper part, approaching gray-white. Ear tragus long and pointed, vertical on inside, curved outwards on outside, narrow at top and wider at bottom, reaching approximately half height of ear. Third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals approximately equal in length, second metacarpal slightly shorter than third, fourth, and fifth. Tail +23.89–31.58 mm +( +Table 4 +), shorter than head–body length, slightly free at tip ( +Figure 2 +). Plagiopatagium attached at about one-third from base of claw to base of toe, near base of claw ( +Figure 2 +). + + +Fur: Dorsal fur of +holotype +dark gold mixed with deep brown throughout, with four distinct bands of color on hairs. Base dark brown, middle light brown, upper-middle part with narrow dark brown or blackish brown band, top yellow-brown, sometimes golden yellow. Overall color of back appears slightly mottled and uneven. Short golden hairs on forearms and sparse yellow-brown hairs on interdigital membranes. Ventral side gray-white throughout, with base of hairs dark gray to gray and top gray-white. Neck and anal region whiter, with slight golden color on sides of chest. Relatively sparse gray-white hairs with slight sheen on interdigital membranes. Facial hair short, gray-brown mixed with golden yellow. Other specimens exhibit slight variations in dorsal fur color, appearing golden or yellowish, with distribution and characteristics of ventral and other fur similar to +holotype +( +Figure 2 +). + + +Skull: Overall skull relatively small, GTL +13.44–14.16 mm +. Sagittal crest absent, lambdoid crest prominent. In dorsal view, braincase almost circular; zygomatic arches weak and slender, gradually widening from front to back, with widest point at root of zygomatic arch; posterior margin of skull slightly prominent; slight downward concavity in middle from snout to frontal region. In lateral view, skull appears slightly elongated with slightly oval braincase; height from snout to parietal shows upward trend, with gradually increasing slope from snout to frontal, and gradually decreasing slope from frontal to parietal, resulting in slight depression between snout and frontal, with slight protrusion at frontal; zygomatic arch rises gradually from anterior to posterior. In ventral view, palatine wide without any obvious concavity, ending at midpoint of C +1 +; basisphenoid pits tear-drop shaped, extending posteriorly to anterior half of cochlea. Mandible +8.09–8.69 mm +. In lateral view, almost straight between coronoid process and condyle, without any depression, slight concavity between condyle and angle; angle short and wide, lower surface of the mandibular dentary forms obvious depression in front of angle; mental foramina clearly visible ( +Figure 3 +). + + +Dentition: Dental formula: I +1 2 3 + +− +2 3 + +C +1 +1 +PM + +− 2 + +− 4 +− 2− 4 + + +M = 34. In maxilla, I +2 +positioned in front of I +3 +, I +2 +clearly visible in lateral view; crown area of P +2 +slightly smaller than that of C +1 +, less than half crown area of P +4 +; species belongs to ‘s +uilla +-type’ based on these characteristics. Upper tooth rows converge slightly anteriorly, with PWC +1 +C +1 +1.42–1.78 mm +and PWM +3 +M +3 +2.63–2.86 mm +. I +2 +and I +3 +heights approximately equal, with crown area of I +2 +approximately half that of I +3 +. I +2 +with two cusps, smaller secondary cusp located behind primary cusp. Posterior external face of I + +2 +in + +contact with anterior internal face of I +3 +, with noticeable gap between I +3 +and C +1 +. C +1 +and P +4 +heights approximately equal, C +1 +slightly elongated and lacking secondary cusps, P +4 +wider. C +1 +appears slightly circular when viewed from occlusal perspective, with crown area less than half that of P +4 +. P +2 +smaller and compressed, wider than long, distinctly oval-shaped, height close to half that of C +1 +and P +4 +. Mesostyle of M +1 +and second upper molars (M +2 +) not well developed; paracone, metacone, and protocone well developed, with metacone slightly higher than paracone; trigon basin open and talon well developed, with antero-external valley area significantly smaller than that of postero-external valley. M +3 +reduced, with only parastyle, paracone, and protocone. Single commissure connecting parastyle and paracone. In mandible, first, second and third lower incisors (I +1 +, I +2 +, and I +3 +) tricuspid and of equal size, but outer cusp of I +3 +relatively less distinct; slight overlap of outer cusps of I +1 +, I +2 +, and I +3 +; C +1 +contains pointed cusp on anterior inner margin, which touches outer cusp of I +3 +, making C +1 +slightly higher than I + +3 +in + +lateral view, with gradual increase in height from I +1 +to C +1 +. C +1 +slightly higher than P +4 +, P +2 +significantly lower than C +1 +and P +4 +. Basal area of C +1 +similar to P +4 +and more than twice basal area of P +2 +. In lateral view, trigonid of M +1 +and lower second molar (M +2 +) and M +3 +clearly tricuspid, with height of metaconid and paraconid approximately two-thirds that of protoconid; talonid of M +1 +and M +2 +bicuspid, with entoconid and hypoconid clearly separated from trigonid and lower than metaconid and paraconid, with heights approximately equal to metaconid and paraconid. Talonid of M +3 +reduced. Lower molars nyctalodont +type +, with entoconid and hypoconid connected by postcristid ( +Figure 3 +). + + + + +Comparisons: Based on its dentition, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +clearly belongs to the + +‘ +suilla + +-type’ (maxillary toothrows clearly convergent anteriorly; I +2 +anterior to I +3 +; I +2 +clearly visible from lateral view; crown area of P +2 +half that of P +4 +) and can be distinguished from all species in the ‘c +yclotis +-type’. Based on the reconstructed phylogenetic tree, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +formed a monophyletic group with + +M. chrysochaetes + +and was distantly related to other species. Therefore, our comparison focuses primarily on species closely related in the phylogenetic tree and on + +‘ +suilla + +-type’ species lacking COI sequences. + + +Comparison with + +M. chrysochaetes + +: At the molecular level, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is most closely related to + +M. chrysochaetes + +, but exhibits some differences in morphology and cranial structure. Measurement data for FA and TIB show that + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is slightly larger in body size than + +M. chrysochaetes + +, and the HB, TL, E, and HF of the female specimens also showed longer HF and E and significantly different HB and TL ratios (HB/TL ratios were 1.23 and 1.67, respectively) compared with IEBR-M6020 and S186699 (both female). In terms of skull size, both male and female + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +are slightly smaller than + +Murina chrysochaetes + +(values of STOTL, GTL, CBL, ZYW, BCW). From PWC +1 +C +1 +/PWM +3 +M +3 +and C +1 +C +1 +W/M +3 +M +3 +W, the values of male + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +are 0.59 and 0.67, respectively, and female are 0.60 and 0.69, respectively, while the values of S186699 (female) are 0.66 and 0.74, respectively, which is consistent with the observation from the specimen comparison that the maxillary teeth of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +converge more anteriorly than the +holotype +of + +Murina chrysochaetes + +. The value of CPH shows that + +Murina chrysochaetes + +has a higher coronoid process. In terms of external morphology, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +has longer tubular nostrils. On the dorsal side, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is generally dark gold mixed with deep brown, with four color bands on the back, while + +M. chrysochaetes + +has a mixture of black and gold stripes and tricolored fur on the back [ +18 +]. On the ventral side, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +shows a golden hue on the sides of the thorax, while + +M. chrysochaetes + +has golden guard hairs from the thorax to lower abdomen, giving it an overall golden appearance. The wing and tail membranes of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +are black, in contrast to those of + +M. chrysochaetes + +, which are brown. Regarding the skull structure, the rostrum of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is relatively long, with a gentler forehead slope, resulting in a more elliptical skull shape in lateral view. In contrast, the rostrum of + +M. chrysochaetes + +is short and the forehead slope is abrupt, producing a round shape in lateral view. The zygomatic arch of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is thicker and smoother compared to that of + +M. chrysochaetes + +, which is thinner and shows a slight concavity. In the mandible, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +has a wider and more robust angle. C +1 +of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +slightly higher than P +4 +and basal area of C +1 +similar to P +4 +, while C +1 +of + +M. chrysochaetes + +is the same height as P +4 +but exceeds it in basal area. Furthermore, C +1 +of + +M. chrysochaetes + +is recurved, whereas C +1 +of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is straighter, with the talons of M +1 +and M +2 +more developed ( +Figures 3 +and +4A +). + + + +Figure 4. +Lateral view of skulls from principal species within the + +Murina + +genus for comparative analysis, sourced from the literature. ( +A +) + +M. chrysochaetes + +[ +18 +]; ( +B +) + +M. harpioloides + +[ +17 +]; ( +C +) + +M. eleryi + +[ +1 +, +7 +]; ( +D +) + +M. aurata + +[ +7 +]. ( +1 +) = maxilla; ( +2 +) = mandible. Scale = 2 mm. + + + +Comparison with + +M. harpioloides + +: + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +and + +M. harpioloides + +show similarities in morphometric data, including WT, HB, TL, and FA; however, the skull and tooth measurements of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +are slightly smaller than those of + +M. harpioloides + +( +Table 4 +). Notably, in the ventral view of the skull, the talons of M +1 +and M +2 +of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +are more developed, and M +3 +is slightly fuller with a different angle compared to + +M. harpioloides + +. The curvature at the posterior part of the pterygoid differs significantly between the two species. In the occlusal view of the mandible, P +4 +of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is more elliptical, M +1 +and M +2 +are slenderer, and the talonid appears sharper; the angle formed by the paracristid and protocristid of M +2 +is larger than that of + +M. harpioloides + +. From the lingual view, C +1 +of + +M. harpioloides + +is more pointed and narrows more obviously in the middle ( +Figures 3 +and +4B +). + + +Comparison with + +M. eleryi + +and + +M. aurata + +: Eger and Lim [ +18 +] identified + +M. chrysochaetes + +as most similar in size and appearance to + +M. eleryi + +and + +M. aurata + +, although with a smaller body size. + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +is slightly larger than + +M. chrysochaetes + +, but still smaller than + +M. eleryi + +and + +M. aurata + +, with comparatively smaller skull measurements ( +Table 4 +). Furey et al. [ +7 +] distinguished + +M. eleryi + +from + +M. aurata + +based on larger and longer canines, a feature that also differentiates + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +from + +M. eleryi + +. In addition, the mesostyles on M +1 +and M +2 +are much less developed in + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +than + +M. eleryi + +. Male + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +specimens also have longer CM +3 +L and CM +3 +L compared to the male +holotype +and +paratype +of + +M. aurata + +, while GTL, CBL, and MDL measurements are significantly shorter, indicating a larger ratio of maxillary and mandibular canine–molar length relative to skull length in + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +Furthermore, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from + +M. aurata + +by the relative positions of I +2 +and I +3 +, development of the tooth bases, shape of P +2 +, and width of the gap between P +2 +and P +4 +. Morphologically, + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +has longer tubular nostrils and dark golden fur with brown stripes, differing from the golden fur of + +M. aurata + +described by Milne-Edwards [ +32 +] and the varying yellow-brown to gray-brown to copper-red shades of + +M. eleryi + +described by Furey [ +7 +] ( +Figures 3 +and +4C,D +). + + +Comparison with other ‘s +uilla +-type’ species without COI sequences: Other ‘s +uilla +-type’ species lacking COI sequences include + +M. beelzebub + +, + +M. bicolor + +, + +M. fanjingshanensis + +, + +M. ryukyuana + +, and + +M. tenebrosa + +. According to Maeda and Matsumura [ +33 +], Kuo et al. [ +8 +], Csorba et al. [ +6 +], and He et al. [ +20 +], these species are classified as medium- to large-sized within the + +Murina + +genus ( +Table 5 +), distinguishing them from the smaller-sized + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. + + + + +Table 5. +Comparison of body size of + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +and other ‘s +uilla +-type’ species lacking COI sequences. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Size + +FA + +STOTL + +GTL +
+ +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +( +n += 7) +Small27.66–30.5113.31–14.0713.44–14.16
+ +M. beelzebub + +, holotype Csorba et al. [ +6 +] +Medium33.716.54
+ +M. bicolor +Kuo et al. + +[ +8 +] ( +n += 8) +Large37.2–41.6-18.00–19.54
+ +M. fanjingshanensis +He et al. + +[ +20 +] ( +n += 3) +Large40.60–41.44-18.39–19.05
+M. ryukyuana +
+Maeda and Matsumura [ +32 +] +Medium35.5–37.0-18.30–18.65
+( +n += 4) +
+ +M. tenebrosa +Kuo et al. + +[ +8 +] +Medium33.8-16.81
+ + + +Distribution and habitat: The + +Murina yuanyang + +sp. nov. +specimens were captured at two different locations in Pinghe, Xiaoxin Street, Yuanyang County, +Yunnan Province +, +China +( + +22.99 + +◦ + +N + +, + +103.00 + +◦ + +E + +and + +22.99 + +◦ + +N + +, + +102.99 + +◦ + +E + +). The habitat consists of a mid-mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest at elevations of +2412 m +and +2434 m +, respectively. The area features a well-closed canopy, abundant shrubs, and several small streams. Although there are no known caves in the area, the forest contains many large trees with hollows. It is suspected that this insectivorous bat primarily roosts during the day in tree hollows or beneath the dense canopy. + + + + \ No newline at end of file