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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.425.7587" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4045b06-62d4-4b3c-be4a-0ed1d5fb878e" ID-PMC="PMC4137302" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-425-1" ID-PubMed="25147445" ID-ZBK="4D99DA68E4DC4E7BB79BDCC2869D5652" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-425-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 425" ModsDocTitle="A new species of pterodectine feather mites (Acarina, Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from the Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) in Meghalaya, India" checkinTime="1451245627571" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina, Chisamera, Gabriel, Mukhim, D. Khlur B. &amp; Adam, Costică" docDate="2014" docId="42F62990F9D4786F928730700DB69F2D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 425: 1-13" docOrigin="ZooKeys 425" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.425.7587" docTitle="Pedanodectes angustilobus Constantinescu, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="186A8195-8BE0-4212-A864-0FB3A224DC66" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="1F65FF85EC243926E610FC7A8E69FF98" masterDocTitle="A new species of pterodectine feather mites (Acarina, Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from the Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) in Meghalaya, India" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668158940830" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of pterodectine feather mites (Acarina, Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from the Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) in Meghalaya, India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chisamera, Gabriel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mukhim, D. Khlur B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Adam, Costică</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>425</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>13</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.425.7587</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.425.7587</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-425-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">4D99DA68E4DC4E7BB79BDCC2869D5652</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4D99DA68E4DC4E7BB79BDCC2869D5652</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054248" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:186A8195-8BE0-4212-A864-0FB3A224DC66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/42F62990F9D4786F928730700DB69F2D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
classification Animalia Astigmata Proctophyllodidae
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/186A8195-8BE0-4212-A864-0FB3A224DC66" authority="Constantinescu" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus Constantinescu</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Male holotype (ANA256), 3 male (ANA257, ANA258, ANA259) and 4 female (ANA260, ANA261, ANA262, ANA263) paratypes from the Little Spiderhunter
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Nectariniidae" genus="Arachnothera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnothera longirostra" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostra">Arachnothera longirostra</taxonomicName>
Temminck, 1826 (
<taxonomicName genus="Passeriformes" lsidName="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Nectariniidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Nectariniidae</taxonomicName>
); INDIA: Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills, Shnongrim village, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="25.353434">25°21'12.36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.51752">92°31'3.06&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
); 1151 m alt; 24.01.2014, collector
<normalizedToken originalValue="Costică">Costică</normalizedToken>
Adam.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
MALE (Figs 1A, B; 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
; holotype, range for 3 paratypes in parentheses): Length of idiosoma 316 (308-317), width 100 (100-104), length of hysterosoma 212 (207-212). Prodorsal shield divided into two parts by transversal band of soft tegument bearing setae
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">se</pageBreakToken>
and si, antero-lateral extensions short and rounded, posterior margin slightly convex in median part, total length of shield 102 (102-106), greatest width 90 (84-90), surface without ornamentation (Fig. 1A). Scapular setae se separated by 38 (36-40). Humeral shields absent, setae cp situated ventrally, setae c2 situated dorsally, in anterior angles of hysteronotal shield. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 20 (19-20)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6 (5-6). Length of hysteronotal shield from anterior margin to bases of setae h2 195 (199-203), greatest width in anterior part 88 (80-86), anterior margin concave, anterior angles acute, surface without ornamentation with strongly sclerotized transverse fold between h1 setae. Opisthosomal lobes short, at base wider than long, roughly rounded apically, lobar apices bearing setae h2. Terminal cleft almost semicircular, with narrow membranous margin in anterior part, length of terminal cleft 10 (12-13). Supranal concavity absent. Hysteronotal setae c1, d1, e1 absent; setae h3 narrowly lanceolate, length 24 (24-25), greatest width 6 (4-6); setae h2 represented by macrosetae, length 130 (132-140), greatest width 5 (4-5); setae ps2 slightly thickened, 18 (12-16) long; setae ps1 filiform, minute, length 6 (5-6), situated slightly anterior to bases of setae h3 and h2, approximately equidistant from inner and outer margins of opisthosomal lobe. Dorsal measurements: se-c2 72 (66-70), c2-d2 92 (90-104), d2-e2 68 (60-66), e2-h3 32 (32-34), h1-h3 10 (10-12), h2-h2 38 (38-42), h3-h3 26 (26-28), ps2-ps2 50 (46-49). Epimerites I fused into a Y, sternum about
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
of the total length of epimerites, posterior end of sternum with pair of postero-lateral extensions not connected to epimerites II. Epimerites II short, not extending to level of sejugal furrow. Coxal fields
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
open, without wide sclerotized areas. Epimerites IVa long, their anterior ends extending to midlevel of epimerites IV, their basal parts connected by semicircular transverse sclerite (supposedly genital shield) and almost completely encircling genital apparatus (Fig. 1B). Genital arch 11 (11-12) long, 14 (13-14) wide, basal sclerite of genital apparatus large, poorly sclerotized; aedeagus long, extending almost to anterior margin of terminal cleft, length of aedeagus from its anterior bend to tip 74 (72-78). Genital papillae indistinct, adanal shields absent. Anal suckers 11 (11-12) in diameter, corolla without indentations. Opisthoventral shields occupying lateral margin of opisthosoma, with narrow inner projection bearing seta ps3. Ventral measurements: 3a-4b 22 (25-30), 4b-4a 50 (44-50), 4a-g 24 (24-28), g-ps3 32 (28-31), ps3-ps3 40 (32-38), ps3-h3 24 (23-24).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype: A dorsal view of idiosoma B ventral view of idiosoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Legs I slightly longer and thicker than legs II, femora I and II with ventro-basal crests (Fig. 3A, B). Seta mGII strongly thickened in basal half. Tarsus IV 18 (19-22) long, with apical claw and with small apico-ventral extensions bearing seta r and w; setae d, e button-like, seta d bigger than e, situated in basal and apical parts of segment, respectively (Fig. 3D). Length of solenidia:
<normalizedToken originalValue="ω">ω</normalizedToken>
1I 15 (14-15),
<normalizedToken originalValue="ω">ω</normalizedToken>
1II 12 (13-16),
<normalizedToken originalValue="φI">φI</normalizedToken>
42 (34-46),
<normalizedToken originalValue="φII">φII</normalizedToken>
29 (32-34),
<normalizedToken originalValue="φIII">φIII</normalizedToken>
22 (22-24),
<normalizedToken originalValue="φIV">φIV</normalizedToken>
32 (28-32).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
FEMALE (Figs 2A, B; 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
; range for 4 paratypes): Length of idiosoma excluding terminal appendages 436-456, width 118-124, and length of hysterosoma 312-340. Prodorsal shield divided into two parts by transversal band of soft tegument, bearing setae
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">se</pageBreakToken>
and si, antero-lateral extensions short and angular, posterior margin concave, total length of shield 118-122, greatest width 104-112, surface without ornamentation (Fig. 2A). Scapular setae se separated by 48-50. Humeral shields absent, setae cp situated ventrally, setae c2 situated dorsally, in anterior angles of hysteronotal shield. Subhumeral setae c3 lanceolate, 17-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6. Hysteronotal shield divided into anterior hysteronotal shield and lobar shield. Anterior hysteronotal shield roughly rectangular, with anterior margin concave, greatest length 204-208, greatest width in anterior part 100-106, surface without ornamentation. Lobar shield elongated and narrowed, with well-developed lateral extensions bearing setae h2, length of lobar shield 86-92, width at level of setae h2 58-62. Terminal cleft narrow, almost parallel-sided, with narrow elliptical part in anterior third, length 72-76, greatest width 3-4. Supranal concavity absent. Terminal appendages wide, their width in basal half similar to that of lobes. Hysteronotal setae c1, d1, e1 absent; setae h1 situated on lobar shield at level of anterior end of terminal cleft, setae h2 spindle-shaped, without terminal filaments, 38-40
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-9. Setae ps1 situated approximately equidistant from outer and inner margins of opisthosomal lobes, setae h3 6-8 long. Dorsal measurements: se-c2 88-94, c2-d2 100-112, d2-e2 86-94, e2-h2 36-44, h2-h3 48-52, h1-h2 16-22, h1-h1 18-22, h2-h2 36-40, h3-h3 20-24. Epimerites I fused as a Y, posterior end of sternum with small rounded lateral extensions not reaching epimerites II. Coxal fields I, II open, without heavily sclerotized areas, outer margins of epimerites I and II with narrow sclerotized areas (Fig. 2B). Epimerites IVa rudimentary. Translobar apodemes of opisthosomal lobes present, fused to each other anterior to terminal cleft. Epigynum horseshoe-shaped, outer margin with lateral extensions, greatest width 52-60. Head of spermatheca as in Fig. 4E, primary spermaduct with three different enlargements: ball-like enlargement near very head of spermatheca; moderate enlargement with verrucous external surface in proximal 1/5 of this duct; conical enlargement at copulatory opening. Secondary spermaducts short, not longer that ball-like enlargement of primary spermaduct. Copulatory opening situated ventral, posterior to anal opening. Distance between pseudanal setae: ps2-ps2 24-286, ps3-ps3 24-29, ps2-ps3 10-14.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female paratype: A dorsal view of idiosoma B ventral view of idiosoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Legs I longer and thicker than legs II, femora II with ventro-basal crests, genua III with dorso-basal crest (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Genual setae mGI and mGII noticeably thickened in basal half. Length of solenidia:
<normalizedToken originalValue="ω">ω</normalizedToken>
1I 17-18,
<normalizedToken originalValue="ω">ω</normalizedToken>
1II 13-16,
<normalizedToken originalValue="φI">φI</normalizedToken>
45-56,
<normalizedToken originalValue="φII">φII</normalizedToken>
32-38,
<normalizedToken originalValue="φIII">φIII</normalizedToken>
22-27,
<normalizedToken originalValue="φIV">φIV</normalizedToken>
7-8.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., details:
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
legs
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
of male, respectively, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., details:
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
legs
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
of female, respectively E spermatheca and spermaducts, dorsal view. Abbreviations: pd - primary spermaduct; s - spermatheca; sd - secondary spermaduct.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The specific epithet refers to the narrowed lobar region of the female, and it is an adjective in the nominative singular.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. clearly differs from all previously described
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pedanodectes</taxonomicName>
species because its males have well expressed opisthosomal lobes, and females have elongated and narrowed lobar region, with wide terminal appendages. Among previously known species of the genus, males of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. appear to be closest to that of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes mesocaulus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">Pedanodectes mesocaulus</taxonomicName>
(Gaud &amp; Mouchet, 1957) from
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Nectariniidae" genus="Deleornis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deleornis fraseri subsp. cameroonensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fraseri" subSpecies="cameroonensis">Deleornis fraseri cameroonensis</taxonomicName>
(Bannerman, 1921) (
<taxonomicName genus="Passeriformes" lsidName="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Nectariniidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Nectariniidae</taxonomicName>
). Males of both species have setae ps1 situated antero-lateral to the adanal suckers, epimerites I fused into Y, similar shape of opisthoventral shields and epimerites IVa with narrow anterior projections. Males of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes angustilobus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustilobus">Pedanodectes angustilobus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. are easily to distinguish from those of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes mesocaulus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">Pedanodectes mesocaulus</taxonomicName>
by the following features: epimerites IVa have free the anterior projections and are connected posterior to the genital arch by a transversal sclerite, the tip of aedeagus does not extend beyond the posterior margin of idiosoma. In males of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes mesocaulus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">Pedanodectes mesocaulus</taxonomicName>
, the anterior projections of epimerites IVa are fused forming a pregenital sclerite while the transverse sclerite connecting the bases of these epimerites is absent, the tip of aedeagus extends beyond the posterior margin of idiosoma. Females of the new species are clearly different from those of the other species of the genus by the following unique combination of characters: the lobar region has the same width in anterior and posterior part; the terminal cleft is parallel-sided, with the margins almost touching, except for the anterior one third; and the terminal appendages are thick, their basal half is approximately as wide as opisthosomal lobes. In females of the other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pedanodectes</taxonomicName>
species, the lobar region in the anterior part is wider than in the posterior part and the terminal appendages are narrower than lobes. The terminal cleft in females of the other species has the following shape: with the lateral margins parallel and almost touching in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes andrei" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">Pedanodectes andrei</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes mesocaulus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">Pedanodectes mesocaulus</taxonomicName>
, with lateral margins sinuous and almost touching in certain parts in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes marginatus" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Pedanodectes marginatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes latior" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latior">Pedanodectes latior</taxonomicName>
; as a narrow inverted V in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes blaszaki" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaszaki">Pedanodectes blaszaki</taxonomicName>
, and as a narrow inverted U in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pedanodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pedanodectes hologaster" order="Astigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hologaster">Pedanodectes hologaster</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.448.8342" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88927bce-abf6-412a-a728-71cc69fafb2b" ID-PMC="PMC4233393" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-448-37" ID-PubMed="25408609" ID-ZBK="39DABBB28A5D40A6BA4F1C81D0CEDFD9" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-448-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 448" ModsDocTitle="A new species and first record of the genus Cynegetis Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from China" checkinTime="1451245212252" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Xingmin, Tomaszewska, Wioletta &amp; Ren, Shunxiang" docDate="2014" docId="42F6446F9F4FD54E59A9131A6FB8C514" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 448: 37-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 448" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.448.8342" docTitle="Cynegetis Chevrolat" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFC3E276962AFFDB9168FFC9FFC60857" masterDocTitle="A new species and first record of the genus Cynegetis Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from China" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668159516173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xingmin</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Coccinellidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Chevrolat" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynegetis Chevrolat</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynegetis</taxonomicName>
Chevrolat in
<bibRefCitation author="Dejean, PFMA" journalOrPublisher="Mequignon-Marvis Peres et Fils, Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean" year="1837">Dejean 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 461. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccinella impunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctata">Coccinella impunctata</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1767, subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation author="Crotch, GR" journalOrPublisher="E. W. Janson, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="A Revision of the Coleopterous Family Coccinellidae" year="1874">Crotch (1874)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cycnegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycnegetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycnegetis</taxonomicName>
(sic!):
<bibRefCitation author="Crotch, GR" journalOrPublisher="E. W. Janson, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="A Revision of the Coleopterous Family Coccinellidae" year="1874">Crotch 1874</bibRefCitation>
: 90.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
This genus is most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Subcoccinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subcoccinella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Subcoccinella</taxonomicName>
in general shape of the body and the genitalia of both sexes and sharing interocular distance of more than 0.75 width of head (Figs 1a, 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="l–p">l-p</normalizedToken>
, 2a, 2k, 2l, 3a, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="m–q">m-q</normalizedToken>
).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynegetis</taxonomicName>
, however, can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Subcoccinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subcoccinella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Subcoccinella</taxonomicName>
by the strongly convex body, anterior margin of clypeus distinctly emarginate, subapical teeth and incisor edge of mandible without denticles (Figs 1f, 3e), the terminal maxillary papomere barrel shaped (Figs 1g, 3f), short metaventrite (Fig. 1b), elytral surface covered with double-sized punctures, elytral epipleuron with distinct foveae for apices of mid and hind femora, strongly expanded/inflated outer edges of front tibiae (Figs 1i, 3j), and tarsal claw single, possessing large basal tooth (Fig. 1k, l). In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Subcoccinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subcoccinella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Subcoccinella</taxonomicName>
, the body is moderately convex, anterior margin of clypeus is straight or weakly emarginate, subapical teeth and incisor edge of mandibles are multidentate (Fig. 2e), the terminal maxillary palpomere is elongate and widened apically (Fig. 2c), the metaventrite is relatively long, the elytral surface covered with single-sized punctures, the elytral epipleuron smooth without foveae, outer edges of tibiae of front legs simple (Fig. 2h), and tarsal claws are bifid, lacking basal tooth (Fig. 2j).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Figure 1. Morphological characters of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynegetis</taxonomicName>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–o">a-o</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis impunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctata">Cynegetis impunctata</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1767 From Poland. a dorsal habitus b ventral habitus c lateral habitus d frontal habitus e antenna f mandible g maxilla h abdomen i front leg j hind leg k tarsal claw
<normalizedToken originalValue="l–o">l-o</normalizedToken>
male genitalia: l penis m apex of penis n tegmen, lateral view o tegmen, ventral view p female genitalia: coxites and spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Figure 2. Morphological characters of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Subcoccinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subcoccinella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Subcoccinella</taxonomicName>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–l">a-l</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Subcoccinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigintiquatuorpunctata">Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758 From China. a dorsal habitus; b antenna c maxilla d labium e mandible f labrum g abdomen h front leg i hind leg j tarsal claw k male genitalia: penis and tegmen l female genitalia: coxites and spermatheca.
</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis chinensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">Cynegetis chinensis</taxonomicName>
Wang &amp; Ren, sp. n. a dorsal habitus b lateral habitus c frontal habitus d antenna e mandible f maxilla g labium h labrum i abdomen j front leg k hind leg l tarsal claw
<normalizedToken originalValue="m–p">m-p</normalizedToken>
male genitalia: m penis n apex of penis o tegmen, lateral view p tegmen, ventral view q female genitalia: coxites.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Body shortened oval, strongly convex, dorsum densely pubescent (Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
). Head with frons slightly convex. Clypeus protruded with anterior margin distinctly emarginate at middle. Labrum transverse, covered with densely distributed, long setae, anterior margin emarginate. Mandible subtriangular in shape, with two apical teeth and two subapical teeth: apical teeth long and large with 4-5 additional denticles; subapical teeth shorter than apical ones, smooth without additional denticles (Figs 1f, 3e). Antennae with 11 antennomeres (Figs 1e, 3d), antennal insertions located posterior to imaginary line joining anterior edges of eyes (Figs 1d, 3c). Maxillary palp with terminal palpomere longer than wide, barrel shaped, truncate at apex (Figs 1g, 3f); lacinia hook-like or simple. Terminal labial palpomere elongate, narrowing anteriorly (Fig. 3g).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="40" start="start">Pronotum</pageBreakToken>
transverse, widest at base and gradually narrowing anteriorly, anterior and hind margins not bordered, anterior angles distinctly protruded. Scutellum small, triangular. Elytra at base distinctly wider than pronotum, lateral margins very narrow, invisible from above, humeral angles inconspicuous. Prothoracic hypomeron with
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="start">clearly</pageBreakToken>
delimited cavities to accommodate apices of femora of front legs. Prosternum T-shaped, without carinae (Fig. 1b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Mesoventrite with anterior edge with complete raised border and with weak groove behind it, mesal surface with cavity for receiving prosternal process; meso-metaventral
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="42" start="start">junction</pageBreakToken>
broad, forming an almost straight line or slightly emarginated. Metaventrite about as long as abdominal ventrite 1 with incomplete discrimen (Fig. 1b); metaventral postcoxal lines recurved, complete laterally. Elytral surface with double-sized punctures; epipleuron incomplete apically, with distinct foveae for apices of femora of mid and hind legs (Fig. 1b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Fore and mid trochanters angulate, produced. Fore tibia with single apical spur; mid and hind tibiae with two spurs (Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–j">i-j</normalizedToken>
, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="j–k">j-k</normalizedToken>
). Mid and hind tibiae on outer edge near apex with oblique carina. Tarsal claws simple with subquadrate tooth at base (Figs 1k, 3l).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Abdomen with six ventrites in males and five ventrites in females; abdominal postcoxal lines recurved roundly, almost complete (Figs 1h, 3i).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Male genitalia. Tegmen stout, penis guide wide and flat in ventral view, parameres straight with densely distributed setae apically (Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="n–o">n-o</normalizedToken>
, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="o–p">o-p</normalizedToken>
). Penis stout, curved; basal capsule expanded, but not typically T-shaped; apex bifid or not (Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="l–m">l-m</normalizedToken>
, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="m–n">m-n</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Female genitalia. Coxites oval, setose apically; styli present or absent. (Figs 1p, 3q). Spermatheca small, curved weakly sclerotized (Fig. 1p).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">China: Ningxia; Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, West Russia); Asia: Asian part of Russia (Maritime Prov.), Iran, N. Korea, Syria, Turkey.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="key to the species of cynegetis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynegetis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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3
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis chinensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">Cynegetis chinensis</taxonomicName>
Wang &amp; Ren, sp. n.
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
1
<normalizedToken originalValue="l–m">l-m</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis impunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctata">Cynegetis impunctata</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus)
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cynegetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynegetis syriaca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syriaca">Cynegetis syriaca</taxonomicName>
(Mader)
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<taxonomicName id="351B5B0EA00C352FBA2E4FC17356B873" ID-CoL="98WR" ID-ENA="297238" authority="Askew, 1974" authorityName="Askew" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Achrysocharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achrysocharoides suprafolius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suprafolius">Achrysocharoides suprafolius (Askew, 1974)</taxonomicName>
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Askew, 1974
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<paragraph id="177CCF16311EFF47A31849DEAC79B59A" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50448846AD16739B9761315C38189933" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">Mediterranean-Asiatic</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4957371BFE7A4EA5394AE3CAE39E27CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">Biological data: Univoltine. Flight period: VIII-IX. First record in Murcia Region.</paragraph>
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