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<document id="CAB8B3886DA25848307F635AC1119E63" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5540.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240496" ID-ZooBank="4DBD3A92-F14B-4C5B-95B3-2B430EC197DD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1732832094216" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wu, Jingyu &amp; Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2024" docId="03B88790FF84FF869EE7CF489C424A1A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5540.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5540 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5540.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ankylopteryx stena Wu &amp; Liu, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF81FFE8FFA7FFA59E70CE029F264D33" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1733148860712" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="61D2BA8FA338DCF7B41B84151AB7A83C">Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6F608EDFF5E6D266873E847C8C352A9C">Wu, Jingyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="50DD4F6866BDC51509AA2A9B53267E70">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China wujingyu 176 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6677 - 7726 Corresponding author: xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4F93509B52A8E12419FFC1E77B875C4" type="email">wujingyu176@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="649887AFCAE599DF492D2287000DF6E2">Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BC850D9CFDD9AAAACD0C127480EA228E">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China wujingyu 176 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6677 - 7726 Corresponding author: xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="C420D5E00288E4F66BAA26CA06778CF0">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7F5EDA759BD4EDBE1294F4595283FFA0">5540</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EE7CF489D3B4C56" box="[151,541,330,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EE7CF489D3B4C56" bold="true" box="[151,541,330,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
[13]
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FF84FF869EBFCF489E9E4C56" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[207,440,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EBFCF489E9E4C56" bold="true" box="[207,440,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ankylopteryx stena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657EFFF84FF869FCFCF499D3B4C56" box="[447,541,331,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EE7CF6D9E014CBA" box="[151,295,367,393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EE7CF6D9E014CBA" blockId="35.[151,541,330,393]" box="[151,295,367,393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A03FF84FF869EEFCF6D9FD04CBA" box="[159,246,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-33@36.[185,1402,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ankylopteryx stena sp. nov. A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Thorax, dorsal view; E. Male genitalia, lateral view; F. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, dorsal view; G. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, lateral view; H. Pseudopenis, dorsal view; I. Pseudopenis, lateral view; J. Female genitalia, lateral view; K. Subgenitale; L. Spermatheca. Scale bar: 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240552/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132A2A03FF84FF869F72CF6D9E394CBA" box="[258,287,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,1098,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-46@142.[196,1392,1098,1870]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 79. Distribution map of species of Ankylopteryx from China." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240704/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">79</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EE7CFB49C824F2A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EE7CFB49C824F2A" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EE7CFB49E344CE3" bold="true" box="[151,274,438,464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is characterized by the presence of the antennae without stripes, the pronotum, meso- and metascutum with brown spots on the anterolateral angle, the pro- and mesotibia with median black spot, and the male entoprocessus suddenly narrowed at middle and projected at tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EB7CC209D96483E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CC209A524F0E" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" box="[199,1396,546,573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EB7CC209E7F4F0F" bold="true" box="[199,345,546,572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</emphasis>
Male. Body length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FF84FF869C48CC219DE74F0E" box="[568,705,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="7.15" valueMax="7.6" valueMin="6.7">6.7–7.6 mm</quantity>
, forewing length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FF84FF869DF5CC219B3A4F0E" box="[901,1052,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" metricValueMax="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="10.2" valueMax="10.7" valueMin="9.7">9.7–10.7 mm</quantity>
, hindwing length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FF84FF869A96CC219A564F0E" box="[1254,1392,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="9.2" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="8.8">8.8–9.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CC459B404FB6" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Head yellow, vertex raised. Compound eyes black. Scape wider than pedicel and flagellum. Clypeal margin with brown stripes. Gena with black spots. Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CC8D9C8B4FFE" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pronotum anterior margin shorter than posterior margin, with small brown spots on anterolateral angle. Mesoscutum and metascutum with brown spots on anterolateral angle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CCD59ABB4FC2" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" box="[199,1437,727,753]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Legs with dense setae. Pro- and mesotibia with median brown spot. Pretarsal claws brown, with basal dilation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CCF99AA54EB2" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Forewing broad, with brown shadings on pterostigma, basal crossvein of inner gradate series and CuP. Costal area broad basally, with 20–23 crossveins; 9–10 radial crossveins present.
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869DA5CD1D9CDE4E0A" box="[981,1016,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">m1</emphasis>
smaller than
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869AFECD1D9B964E0A" box="[1166,1200,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">m2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869ACECD1D9BFC4E0B" box="[1214,1242,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">im</emphasis>
quadrate; 7 psm-psc crossveins with pale brown shadings.
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869C08CD419DB54E6E" box="[632,659,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">c1</emphasis>
smaller than
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869D40CD419C6C4E6E" box="[816,842,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">c2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869D2ACD419CA74E6E" box="[858,897,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">dcc</emphasis>
closed. A1 forked, A2 and A3 simple. Gradate series with pale brown shadings, inner gradate series with 5–6 crossveins, outer gradate series with 7 crossveins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CD899D274EDE" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hindwing narrow, with pale brown shadings on gradate series. Pterostigma brown. Costal area with 15–17 crossveins; 7–8 radial crossveins and 6 psm-psc crossveins present. Inner gradate series with 4 crossveins, outer gradate series with 5 crossveins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CDF59B39494E" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Abdomen with dense setae. Tergum VII and sternum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; sternum VIII fused with sternum IX; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Gonarcus arcuate, lateral arms narrow at base and wider at tip; entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/3 of gonarcus, suddenly narrowed at middle and projected at tip; pseudopenis widest near tip and curved.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CA859A294992" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" box="[199,1295,1158,1185]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Female. Body length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FF84FF869FC8CA849D674992" box="[440,577,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="7.85" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="7.5">7.5–8.2 mm</quantity>
, forewing length 10.0–12.0 mm, hindwing length 9.0–
<quantity id="4CE99B63FF84FF869AD7CA859A2D4992" box="[1191,1291,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="11.1">11.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CAA99D96483E" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sternum VII longer than tergum VII; tergum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca thick; vela and ventral impression absent; duct long and coiled.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EB7CB159E5F4803" bold="true" box="[199,377,1302,1329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type material.</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="26E45350FF84FF869DE1CB159B794802" box="[913,1119,1303,1329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ho Pui Reservoir</collectorName>
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<date id="FFAF1046FF84FF869A1DCB159B9A4802" box="[1133,1212,1303,1329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2011-05-09">V.9–11</date>
(
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.
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869EBCCB399E344866" box="[204,274,1339,1365]" name="China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCAACFCFF84FF869F95CB399DBE4866" box="[485,664,1339,1365]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Siming District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869B7DCB5D9ABE484A" box="[1293,1432,1375,1401]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<collectorName id="26E45350FF84FF869F66CB819EFD48AE" box="[278,475,1411,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ho Pui Reservoir</collectorName>
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<date id="FFAF1046FF84FF869F96CB819D1348AE" box="[486,565,1411,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2011-05-09">V.9–11</date>
(
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;
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,
<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869C9ECB819C1248AE" box="[750,820,1411,1437]" name="China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869D4FCB819CA848AE" box="[831,910,1411,1437]" name="Macao" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Macau</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8ECE605DFF84FF869DEACB819B6A48AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B88790FF84FF869EE7CF489C424A1A:8ECE605DFF84FF869DEACB819B6A48AE" box="[922,1100,1411,1437]" country="China" name="Jiuao Reservoir" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Jiuao Reservoir</location>
,
<location id="8ECE605DFF84FF869A27CB819BFA48AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B88790FF84FF869EE7CF489C424A1A:8ECE605DFF84FF869A27CB819BFA48AE" box="[1111,1244,1411,1437]" country="China" name="Jiaoye Park" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Jiaoye Park</location>
,
<date id="FFAF1046FF84FF869A98CB819A4048AE" box="[1256,1382,1411,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2014-04-28">
<collectingDate id="EFEBE9AEFF84FF869A98CB819A4048AE" box="[1256,1382,1411,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2014-04-28">2014.IV.28</collectingDate>
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(
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)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EB7CBC99FCB4B3A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7CBC99FCB4B3A" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EB7CBC99E6848D6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1483,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FF84FF869C4FCBC99DA548D7" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[575,643,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stena">
‘
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869C38CBC99DA548D7" box="[584,643,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">stena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ refers to the entoprocessus of the new species suddenly narrowed at middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EB7C8109CD84B1E" box="[199,1022,1554,1581]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7C8109CD84B1E" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" box="[199,1022,1554,1581]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EB7C8109E474B1F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1554,1580]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869F17C8119E8C4B1E" box="[359,426,1555,1581]" name="China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869FC9C8119D2C4B1E" box="[441,522,1555,1581]" name="Macao" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Macau</collectingCountry>
, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
<collectingCountry id="F3067616FF84FF869D19C8119CD44B1E" box="[873,1010,1555,1581]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFF84FF869EB7C8359C424A1A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FF84FF869EB7C8359C424A1A" blockId="35.[151,1437,438,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EB7C8359E1D4B62" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species has similar wing markings with
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FF84FF869D31C8359CC14B62" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[833,999,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869D31C8359CC14B62" box="[833,999,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869D9FC8359B6F4B62" bold="true" box="[1007,1097,1591,1617]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657EFFF84FF869D9FC8359B6F4B62" box="[1007,1097,1591,1617]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FF84FF869AF1C8359AB34B62" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1153,1429,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="octopunctata" subSpecies="candida">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869AF1C8359AB34B62" box="[1153,1429,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. octopunctata candida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most important character to identify these species is the shape of male entoprocessus. The male entoprocessus of this new species is suddenly narrowed at middle, while in the other two species the entoprocessus is curved in dorsal view. This new species has brown spots on the anterolateral angle of the pronotum, meso- and metascutum, but
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FF84FF869EB6C8C59E494BD2" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[198,367,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869EB6C8C59E494BD2" box="[198,367,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869F0AC8C59EF14BD2" bold="true" box="[378,471,1735,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657EFFF84FF869F0AC8C59EF14BD2" box="[378,471,1735,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
lacks the spots on metanotum. This new species lacks the spot below or between antennae, and the stripes on scape, but
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FF84FF869C37C8E99C7E4A36" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[583,856,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="octopunctata" subSpecies="candida">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FF84FF869C37C8E99C7E4A36" box="[583,856,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. octopunctata candida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has black spots below the antennae, and has interantennal spots and brown stripes on the outer side of scape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

123
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)
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<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAAFFA89EE7CFE99EA64F30" box="[151,384,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ankylopteryx anomala</emphasis>
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Nicobars]).
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<typeStatus id="54AA8824FFAAFFA89F30CC089E834F11" box="[320,421,522,546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFAAFFA89FB6CC089D3C4F12" box="[454,538,522,545]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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<location id="8ECE605DFFAAFFA89DA2CC2A9B574F73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B88790FFAAFFAA9EE7CF809CC04E26:8ECE605DFFAAFFA89DA2CC2A9B574F73" box="[978,1137,552,576]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Neu-Britannien" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="West New Britain">Neu-Britannien</location>
[
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]).
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in
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ZMHB.
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, 2007,
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,
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9F55CEB99E8C4DE6" box="[293,426,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Shengli Liu</collectorName>
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@ -306,7 +299,7 @@ Female. Body length
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(
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@ -333,7 +326,7 @@ Female. Body length
,
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9DBFCF019B794C2E" box="[975,1119,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Xingyue Liu</collectorName>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9A00CF019B9C4C2E" box="[1136,1210,259,285]" collectionName="China, Beijing, China Agricultural University" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
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;
@ -360,7 +353,7 @@ Female. Body length
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<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9DB2CF259B744C72" box="[962,1106,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Xingyue Liu</collectorName>
(
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;
@ -381,7 +374,7 @@ Female. Body length
,
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9DB4CF499B444C56" box="[964,1122,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Jianyun Wang</collectorName>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9A1FCF499B964C56" box="[1135,1200,331,357]" collectionName="China, Beijing, China Agricultural University" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
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;
@ -408,7 +401,7 @@ Female. Body length
,
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9CD4CF6D9C094CBA" box="[676,815,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Liang Wang</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9D30CF6D9CA74CBA" box="[832,897,367,393]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9D30CF6D9CA74CBA" box="[832,897,367,393]" collectionName="China, Beijing, China Agricultural University" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
)
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;
@ -427,7 +420,7 @@ Female. Body length
<collectingDate id="EFEBE9AEFFA8FFAA9FA7CF919D714C9E" box="[471,599,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-06-22">2016.VI.22</collectingDate>
</date>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9C1ACF919D8D4C9E" box="[618,683,403,429]" collectionName="China, Beijing, China Agricultural University" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
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;
@ -449,7 +442,7 @@ Female. Body length
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9EE7CFB59FD44CE2" box="[151,242,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fei Kou</collectorName>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9F71CFB59E644CE2" box="[257,322,439,465]" collectionName="China, Beijing, China Agricultural University" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
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@ -473,7 +466,7 @@ Female. Body length
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9A8ACFB59ABA4CE2" box="[1274,1436,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Feiyang Liang</collectorName>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9EEFCFD99FC64CC6" box="[159,224,475,501]" collectionName="China, Beijing, China Agricultural University" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAU</collectionCode>
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@ -495,7 +488,7 @@ Female. Body length
,
<collectorName id="26E45350FFA8FFAA9D1CCFD99B014CC6" box="[876,1063,475,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. Schwendinger</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED00AE43FFA8FFAA9A48CFD99BB24CC6" box="[1080,1172,475,501]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
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@ -516,7 +509,7 @@ Female. Body length
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@ -539,11 +532,11 @@ Female. Body length
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<mods:title id="76F120608DDB4907CF7D8645C11FA462">Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93D91332DEF6C3BD3BCFFBBE19F0C89B">Wu, Jingyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2024FB7650FE15EC41618E5C4073ED18">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China wujingyu 176 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6677 - 7726 Corresponding author: xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6F217880B06A8F602F89B3559576BBB1">Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E9360CC92235DF595898462A2CD7CD8">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China wujingyu 176 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6677 - 7726 Corresponding author: xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" blockId="8.[151,588,1554,1581]" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0E681EAFFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" bold="true" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" bold="true" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAFFFAD9E91C8109D6A4B1F" authority="Navas, 1910" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[225,588,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAFFFAD9EE7C8559ED84BBD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAD9EE7C8559EDD4B5C" blockId="8.[151,510,1623,1678]" box="[151,507,1623,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Ancilopterygino
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAFFFAD9F34C8559ED14B5C" author="Navas, L." box="[324,503,1623,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="38 - 59" refId="ref90149" refString="Navas, L. (1910 a) Crisopidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos. Broteria, Zoologica, 9, 38 - 59." type="journal article" year="1910">Navás, 1910a: 59</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAD9EE7C8749ED84BBD" blockId="8.[151,510,1623,1678]" box="[151,510,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAFFFAD9EE7C8749EA14BBD" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,391,1654,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini Navás</taxonomicName>
, 1913: 293.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAFFFAC9EE7C8BE9D1B4CBA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAC9EE7C8BE9D1B4CBA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1724,2039]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9EE7C8BE9E344BE5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body small to large. Body length 5.6–21.0 mm, forewing length 7.5–27.0 mm, hindwing length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FFAFFFAD9B4AC8BE9FE04BC8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="16.1" valueMax="25.5" valueMin="6.7">6.7–25.5 mm</quantity>
. This tribe is characterized by the following characters: the head sometimes with spots on the frons, clypeus and gena, the large prominent compound eyes, the antennal scape sometimes with brown stripe on the outer or inner side, the scape wider than pedicel and flagellum, the sickle-shaped mandibles without basal teeth, the maxillary and labial palpi usually marked, the terminal palpomere pointed or not, the pronotum sometimes with small brown spots anterolaterally, the mesonotum and metanotum with brown markings or not, the legs sometimes marked with black spots on tibia and with long pale setae, the pretarsal claws with basal dilation, the forewing sometimes with brown shadings on gradates, CuP, etc., the costal area strongly or feebly broadened basally, the dark or indistinct pterostigma, the cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9FF2C9DE9E834AC5" box="[386,421,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">m1</emphasis>
smaller than
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9C4CC9DE9D784AC5" box="[572,606,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">m2</emphasis>
, the present or absent cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9DFAC9DF9C804AC5" box="[906,934,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">im</emphasis>
, the gradates in two or more divergent rows, the basal crossvein of inner gradate series meeting Psm or not, the cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9DDECE959CEF4D82" box="[942,969,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c1</emphasis>
smaller than
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9A2FCE959B5F4D82" box="[1119,1145,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c2</emphasis>
, the opened or closed cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CEB99F984DE6" box="[151,190,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">dcc</emphasis>
, the hindwing usually without shadings, the abdomen with dense setae, the male tergum IX fused with ectoproct, the male sternum VIII fused with sternum IX or not, the ovoid callus cerci, the male genitalia without tignum and gonapsis, the arcuate gonarcus, the entoprocessus always attached with gonarcus, the pseudopenis not attached with entoprocessus or the arcessus attached to the entoprocessus, the female subgenitale distinctly or slightly bilobed apically, the thick or thin spermatheca, the long or short or absent vela, the deep or shallow or absent ventral impression, and the long curved duct.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EB7CF909B7C4C9E" box="[199,1114,402,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EB7CF909E474C9F" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Nearctic regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EB7CFB59B444FC2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EB7CFB59B444FC2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EB7CFB59E1D4CE2" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
In
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9F16CFB59DB74CE2" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C." box="[358,657,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref88564" refString="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks &amp; Barnard (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the male genitalia being without tignum and gonapsis as well as being pointed terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palpi, the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9A4ECFD99BD14CC6" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1086,1271,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
included only five genera:
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F5ECFFD9D4E4F2A" authority="Brauer, 1864" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[302,616,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F5ECFFD9EE44F2A" box="[302,450,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9FBFCFFD9D4E4F2A" author="Brauer, F." box="[463,616,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="891 - 902" refId="ref88294" refString="Brauer, F. (1864) Entomologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 14, 891 - 902." type="journal article" year="1864">Brauer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C09CFFD9CB04F2A" authority="Brooks, 1986" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1986" box="[633,918,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Retipenna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C09CFFD9DCD4F2B" box="[633,747,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Retipenna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9C87CFFD9CB04F2A" author="Brooks, S. J." box="[759,918,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref88537" refString="Brooks, S. J. (1986) A new genus of Ankylopterygini (Chrysopidae). Neuroptera International, 4, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1986">Brooks, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DD7CFFD9A224F2A" authority="Tjeder, 1966" authorityName="Tjeder" authorityYear="1966" box="[935,1284,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Parankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9DD7CFFD9B444F2A" box="[935,1122,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9A1ECFFD9A224F2A" author="Tjeder, B." box="[1134,1284,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="228 - 534" refId="ref91317" refString="Tjeder, B. (1966) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 5. Family Chrysopidae. South African Animal Life, 12, 228 - 534." type="journal article" year="1966">Tjeder, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B65CFFD9E094F0E" authority="Brooks, 1983" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Semachrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B65CFFD9ABA4F2A" box="[1301,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Semachrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9EE7CC219E094F0E" author="Brooks, S. J." box="[151,303,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref88497" refString="Brooks, S. J. (1983) A new genus of oriental lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 47, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1983">Brooks, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F17CC219C354F0E" authority="Brooks &amp; Barnard, 1990" authorityName="Brooks &amp; Barnard" authorityYear="1990" box="[359,787,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Signochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F17CC219ED74F0E" box="[359,497,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Signochrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9F89CC219C354F0E" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C." box="[505,787,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref88564" refString="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks &amp; Barnard, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9D6FCC219B444F0E" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Jiang, Y. L. &amp; Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Duelli, P. &amp; Engel, M. S. &amp; Penny, N. D. &amp; Tauber, C. A. &amp; Mochizuki, A. &amp; Liu, X. Y." box="[799,1122,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="499 - 513" refId="ref88713" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Winterton, S. L., Jiang, Y. L., Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Duelli, P., Engel, M. S., Penny, N. D., Tauber, C. A., Mochizuki, A. &amp; Liu, X. Y. (2019) Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a molecular supermatrix approach. Systematic Entomology, 44, 499 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12339" type="journal article" year="2019">
Garzón-Orduña
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9DA6CC219B294F0E" box="[982,1039,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9AE9CC219ABA4F0E" author="Winterton, S. L. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Badano, D. &amp; Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Duelli, P. &amp; Engel, M. S. &amp; Liu, X. &amp; Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Mansell, M. &amp; Mochizuki, A. &amp; Penny, N. D. &amp; Tauber, C. A. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[1177,1436,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="514 - 526" refId="ref91432" refString="Winterton, S. L., Gillung, J. P., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Badano, D., Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Duelli, P., Engel, M. S., Liu, X., Machado, R. J. P., Mansell, M., Mochizuki, A., Penny, N. D., Tauber, C. A. and Oswald, J. D. (2019) Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): an anchored phylogenomics approach. Systematic Entomology, 44, 514 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12347" type="journal article" year="2019">
Winterton
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B61CC219A6C4F0E" box="[1297,1354,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
reconstructed the phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C79CC459DB14F52" box="[521,663,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
and the results showed that
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9D9BCC459A654F52" authority="Needham, 1909" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[1003,1347,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9D9BCC459BA64F52" box="[1003,1152,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9AFBCC459A654F52" author="Needham, J. G." box="[1163,1347,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="185 - 210" refId="ref90677" refString="Needham, J. G. (1909) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 3, 185 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 3 / 1909 / 163272" type="journal article" year="1909">Needham, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B22CC459E004FB6" authority="Navas, 1912" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nineta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B22CC459ABB4F53" box="[1362,1437,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nineta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9EE7CC699E004FB6" author="Navas, L." box="[151,294,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="98 - 113" refId="ref90273" refString="Navas, L. (1912) Crisopidos y Hemerobidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos o criticos. Broteria, Zoologica, 10, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="1912">Navás, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F11CC699DA24FB6" authority="Navas, 1910" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[353,644,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F11CC699ECD4FB6" box="[353,491,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
Navás, 1910
</taxonomicName>
are closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DF6CC699B654FB6" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[902,1091,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
. The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B70CC699AB34FB6" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[1280,1429,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B70CC699AB34FB6" box="[1280,1429,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9EE7CC8D9FC44F9B" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,226,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nineta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CC8D9FC44F9B" box="[151,226,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nineta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F68CC8D9E844F9A" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[280,418,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F68CC8D9E844F9A" box="[280,418,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not possess a pointed terminal palpomere of the maxillary and labial palpi, but the male genitalia in these species also lack tignum and gonapsis as in typical
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DCCCCB19B534FFE" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[956,1141,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9A91CCB19FC44FC2" author="Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Engel, M. S." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1374 - 1395" refId="ref88364" refString="Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Winterton, S. L. &amp; Engel, M. S. (2022) Phylogeny of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with emphasis on morphological trait evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194, 1374 - 1395. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 024" type="journal article" year="2022">
Breitkreuz
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B11CCB19ABB4FFE" box="[1377,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
formally transferred
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9FA0CCD59D3D4FC3" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[464,539,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nineta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9FA0CCD59D3D4FC3" box="[464,539,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nineta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C59CCD59D984FC2" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[553,702,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C59CCD59D984FC2" box="[553,702,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C85CCD59C594FC2" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[757,895,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C85CCD59C594FC2" box="[757,895,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DD2CCD59B794FC2" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[930,1119,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E29E2F6DFFAEFFA89EE7CD419ABA4DD4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="key">
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EE7CD419ABA4804" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CD419D1E4E6F" blockId="9.[151,568,834,861]" box="[151,568,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0E681EAFFAEFFAC9EE7CD419D1E4E6F" bold="true" box="[151,568,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CD419D1E4E6F" bold="true" box="[151,568,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Key to genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F1BCD409D1E4E6F" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[363,568,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<key id="FF8061B7FFAEFFAC9EE7CD8A9ABA4804" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CD8A9ABA4E89" blockId="9.[151,1437,904,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAEFFAC9EE7CD8A9ABA4E89" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAEFFAC9EE7CD8A9ABA4E89" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palpi finely pointed................................................ 2 Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palpi flat and obtuse................................................ 3</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CDC09ABA4EC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,904,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAEFFAC9EE7CDC09ABA4EC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAEFFAC9EE7CDC09ABA4EC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
2. Body small; gradates of forewing and hindwing in two or three divergent rows; meso- and metatibia without spur
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B56CDC09E304EC5" authority="Body" authorityName="Body" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B56CDC09ABB4EE4" box="[1318,1437,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
Body
</taxonomicName>
large; gradates of forewing and hindwing in three to five divergent rows; meso- and metatibia with a spur
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B6CCDE29ABA4EC6" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[1308,1436,992,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B6CCDE29ABA4EC6" box="[1308,1436,992,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CDFF9ABA4903" blockId="9.[151,1437,904,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAEFFAC9EE7CDFF9ABA4903" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAEFFAC9EE7CDFF9ABA4903" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3. Costal area of forewing obviously widened................................................................. 4 Costal area of forewing not obviously widened.............................................................. 5</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CA3A9ABA4996" blockId="9.[151,1437,904,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAEFFAC9EE7CA3A9ABA4996" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAEFFAC9EE7CA3A9ABA4996" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
4. Pterostigma of forewing brown or black; male entoprocessus fused apically; pseudopenis not attached with entoprocessus or gonarcus...................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B6ECA579ABB4959" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[1310,1437,1109,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B6ECA579ABB4959" box="[1310,1437,1109,1130]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pterostigma of forewing indistinct; male entoprocessus not fused; arcessus attached with entoprocessus and gonarcus..............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9A8CCA929ABA4996" authorityName="Tjeder" authorityYear="1966" box="[1276,1436,1168,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Parankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9A8CCA929ABA4996" box="[1276,1436,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CAAF9ABA49CD" blockId="9.[151,1437,904,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAEFFAC9EE7CAAF9ABA49CD" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAEFFAC9EE7CAAF9ABA49CD" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
5. One black spot present between antennae; mesopleura usually with black spots; male sternum IX elongated and exceeded ectoproct; ectoproct with two clusters of setae......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B56CAC89FD949CE" authority="No" authorityName="No" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Signochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B56CAC89ABB49EC" box="[1318,1437,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Signochrysa</emphasis>
No
</taxonomicName>
interantennal spot; mesopleura without spots; male sternum IX not elongated; setae on ectoproct not concentrated..... 6
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CB079ABA4804" blockId="9.[151,1437,904,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAEFFAC9EE7CB079ABA4804" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAEFFAC9EE7CB079ABA4804" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
6. Frons usually without spots; arcessus covered with membrane, without dense setae..........................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B4BCB049ABA4828" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1986" box="[1339,1436,1286,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Retipenna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B4BCB049ABA4828" box="[1339,1436,1286,1307]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Retipenna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Frons always with three dark spots in a row; arcessus not covered and with four setae......................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B58CB209ABA4804" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1983" box="[1320,1436,1314,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Semachrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B58CB209ABA4804" box="[1320,1436,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Semachrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EE7CB889D1E4897" box="[151,568,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CB889D1E4897" blockId="9.[151,568,1418,1445]" box="[151,568,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CB889D1E4897" bold="true" box="[151,568,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9E9ECB889D1E4897" authority="Brauer, 1864" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[238,568,1418,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9E9ECB889EA94896" bold="true" box="[238,399,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9FE7CB899D1E4897" author="Brauer, F." box="[407,568,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="891 - 902" refId="ref88294" refString="Brauer, F. (1864) Entomologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 14, 891 - 902." type="journal article" year="1864">Brauer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EE7CBCD9FD54B51" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EE7CBCD9ABB48D4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1487,1634]" box="[151,1437,1487,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9EE7CBCD9EFB48D4" authority="Brauer, 1864: 899" authorityName="Brauer" authorityPageNumber="899" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,477,1487,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CBCD9E3B48D4" box="[151,285,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9F53CBD29EFB48D4" author="Brauer, F." box="[291,477,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="891 - 902" refId="ref88294" refString="Brauer, F. (1864) Entomologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 14, 891 - 902." type="journal article" year="1864">Brauer, 1864: 899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54AA8824FFAEFFAC9F96CBD29D3E48DB" box="[486,536,1488,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C05CBCD9CCC48D4" authority="Hagen, 1853: 141" authorityName="Hagen" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1853" box="[629,1002,1487,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C05CBCD9C0D48D4" box="[629,811,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopa venusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9D42CBD29CCC48D4" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[818,1002,1487,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="479 - 482" refId="ref89002" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1853) n. k. In: Hr. Peters berichtete uber die von ihm gesammelten und von Hrn. Dr. Hermann Hagen bearbeiteten Neuropteren aus Mossambique. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung Geeigneten Verhandlungen der Konigl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 479 - 482." type="book chapter" year="1853">Hagen, 1853: 141</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequently designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9B65CBCD9ABB48D4" author="Tjeder, B." box="[1301,1437,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="228 - 534" refId="ref91317" refString="Tjeder, B. (1966) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 5. Family Chrysopidae. South African Animal Life, 12, 228 - 534." type="journal article" year="1966">Tjeder, 1966:</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EB7CBEC9ABB4B70" blockId="9.[151,1437,1487,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
497.
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9EE7C80E9E994B17" authority="Fraser, 1952: 57" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,447,1548,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ethiochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7C80E9E374B17" box="[151,273,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ethiochrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9F68C80F9E994B17" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[280,447,1548,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref88681" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1952) New species of Neuroptera in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 19, 55 - 64." type="journal article" year="1952">Fraser, 1952: 57</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54AA8824FFAEFFAC9FB8C80F9EDC4B16" box="[456,506,1549,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C28C80E9CD54B17" authority="Fraser, 1952: 57" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1952" box="[600,1011,1548,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ethiochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polychlora">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C28C80E9C604B17" box="[600,838,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ethiochrysa polychlora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9D3CC80F9CD54B17" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[844,1011,1548,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref88681" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1952) New species of Neuroptera in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 19, 55 - 64." type="journal article" year="1952">Fraser, 1952: 57</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Monotypy.
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9EE7C8299E564B70" authority="Navas, 1924" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,368,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Sencera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7C8299FCF4B71" box="[151,233,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sencera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9E80C8299E564B70" author="Navas, L." box="[240,368,1579,1603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="20 - 34" refId="ref90571" refString="Navas, L. (1924 [1925]) Comunicaciones entomologicas. 7. Neuropteros del Museo de Berlin. Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, Series 1, 9, 20 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1924">Navás, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1925]: 26.
<typeStatus id="54AA8824FFAEFFAC9F80C82E9D044B77" box="[496,546,1580,1604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9CF1C8299CC94B70" authority="Navas, 1925: 27" authorityName="Navas" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1925" box="[641,1007,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Sencera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scioneura">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9CF1C8299C184B70" box="[641,830,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sencera scioneura</emphasis>
Navás, 1925: 27
</taxonomicName>
. Original designation and monotypy.
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B01C8299ABB4B70" bold="true" box="[1393,1437,1579,1603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">syn.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EB7C8489FD54B51" blockId="9.[151,1437,1487,1634]" box="[199,243,1610,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EB7C8489FD54B51" bold="true" box="[199,243,1610,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAF9EE7C8929D134DE6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAF9EE7C8929D134DE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1680,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7C8929E344B99" bold="true" box="[151,274,1680,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body small to medium-sized. Body length 7.0–9.0 mm, forewing length 10.0–
<quantity id="4CE99B63FFAEFFAC9A09C8929BFA4B98" box="[1145,1244,1680,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
, hindwing length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FFAEFFAC9EE7C8B69E144BFC" box="[151,306,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.13" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.3" valueMin="9.7">9.7–11.3 mm</quantity>
. This genus is characterized by the presence of the head always marked with black spots on the frons, clypeus and gena, the antennal scape with blackish-brown stripe on the outer side, the scape wider than pedicel and flagellum, the maxillary and labial palpi usually black on the outer side, the pointed terminal palpomere, the pronotum with small brown to black spots anterolaterally, the mesonotum always with brown markings, the metanotum not marked, the legs sometimes marked with black spot on the pro-, meso- or metatibia, the pretarsal claws with basal dilation, the broad forewing marked with brown suffusions, the basally broad costal area, the distinct pterostigma, the present or absent cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9CD6C98F9DE44A95" box="[678,706,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">im</emphasis>
, the gradates in two divergent rows, the basal crossvein of inner gradate series meeting Psm, the opened or closed cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C9AC9B29C374AF9" box="[746,785,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">dcc</emphasis>
, the male sternum VIII fused with sternum IX, the apically fused entoprocessus, the pseudopenis wide basally and tapering apically, the gonosaccus with few gonosetae, the apically bilobed female subgenitale, the thick spermatheca, the absence of the vela, the almost reduced ventral impression, and the long coiled duct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6E660EFFADFFAF9EE7CB3F9AA74866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240510" box="[151,1409,1341,1366]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240510/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1341,1365]" targetBox="[151,1425,248,1307]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFADFFAF9EE7CB3F9AA74866" blockId="10.[151,1409,1341,1366]" box="[151,1409,1341,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9EE7CB3F9E354866" bold="true" box="[151,275,1341,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Wings of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9F0CCB3F9D704866" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[380,598,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9F0CCB3F9D704866" box="[380,598,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tumeochrysa grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. ig = inner gradate; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradate; Pt = pterostigma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFADFFAF9EB7CBA59C4348F2" box="[199,869,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFADFFAF9EB7CBA59C4348F2" blockId="10.[151,1437,1447,1906]" box="[199,869,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9EB7CBA59E4748F2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
Afrotropical, Australian and Oriental regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFADFFA99EB7CBCE9B3B49A0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFADFFAF9EB7CBCE9BB24B45" blockId="10.[151,1437,1447,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9EB7CBCE9E1D48D5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1484,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9F34CBC99EC448D6" author="Tjeder, B." box="[324,482,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="228 - 534" refId="ref91317" refString="Tjeder, B. (1966) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 5. Family Chrysopidae. South African Animal Life, 12, 228 - 534." type="journal article" year="1966">Tjeder (1966)</bibRefCitation>
established a subgenus for
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9D55CBC99C9F48D6" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[805,953,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9D55CBC99C9F48D6" box="[805,953,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9D8CCBC99B9148D6" authorityName="Tjeder" authorityYear="1966" box="[1020,1207,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Parankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9D8CCBC99B9148D6" box="[1020,1207,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9AB8CBC99FC44B39" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref88564" refString="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks &amp; Barnard (1990)</bibRefCitation>
elevated it to a genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9F9FCBED9D8C4B3A" authorityName="Tjeder" authorityYear="1966" box="[495,682,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Parankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9F9FCBED9D8C4B3A" box="[495,682,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9C93CBED9C514B3A" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[739,887,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9C93CBED9C514B3A" box="[739,887,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar external morphological characters, especially the forewing marked with brown suffusions and obviously widened costal area. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9A92C8119ABB4B1E" authorityName="Tjeder" authorityYear="1966" box="[1250,1437,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Parankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9A92C8119ABB4B1E" box="[1250,1437,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the indistinct pterostigma, unfused entoprocessus, and the arcessus attached with the gonarcus and entoprocessus, which is different from the fused entoprocessus and detached pseudopenis in
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9D8AC8599BA84B46" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[1018,1166,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9D8AC8599BA84B46" box="[1018,1166,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFADFFAF9EB7C8829B894A42" blockId="10.[151,1437,1447,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9EB7C8829E074BA9" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" box="[199,289,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Sencera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9EB7C8829E074BA9" box="[199,289,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sencera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established as a subgenus based on the absence of forewing cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9A30C8829B7A4BAA" box="[1088,1116,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">im</emphasis>
(Navás 1925).
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9B7EC8829A4E4BA9" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" box="[1294,1384,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Sencera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9B7EC8829A4E4BA9" box="[1294,1384,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sencera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was keyed as a genus by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9FF2C8A19D034B8D" author="Brooks, S. J." box="[386,549,1699,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref88497" refString="Brooks, S. J. (1983) A new genus of oriental lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 47, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1983">Brooks (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and then demoted to subgeneric rank by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9D8AC8A19A064B8D" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C." box="[1018,1312,1699,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref88564" refString="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks &amp; Barnard (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. Currently, this subgenus contains only one species, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9CE6C8C59B0B4BD2" authority="Brauer, 1864" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[662,1069,1735,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9CE6C8C59CB24BD2" box="[662,916,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx anomala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9DEBC8CA9B0B4BD2" author="Brauer, F." box="[923,1069,1735,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="891 - 902" refId="ref88294" refString="Brauer, F. (1864) Entomologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 14, 891 - 902." type="journal article" year="1864">Brauer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9A4CC8C59A1F4BD1" author="Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Engel, M. S." box="[1084,1337,1735,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="111 - 127" refId="ref88436" refString="Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Winterton, S. L. &amp; Engel, M. S. (2015) Revision of the green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx (Sencera) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). Zookeys, 543, 111 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 543.6476" type="journal article" year="2015">
Breitkreuz
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9ACCC8CA9BD34BD2" box="[1212,1269,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, the shape of cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9F20C8EE9E4A4A36" box="[336,364,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">im</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9FFFC8E99D054A36" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[399,547,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9FFFC8E99D054A36" box="[399,547,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variable:
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9CD9C8EE9C3B4A36" authorityName="Nakahara" authorityYear="1955" box="[681,797,1771,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9CD9C8EE9C3B4A36" box="[681,797,1771,1798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has extremely narrow and triangular
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9ACAC8EE9BF04A36" box="[1210,1238,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">im</emphasis>
, but the cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9B13C8EE9A594A36" box="[1379,1407,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">im</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9EE7C9129E8F4A1A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,425,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="octopunctata" subSpecies="candida">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9EE7C9129E8F4A1A" box="[151,425,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. octopunctata candida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is broad and quadrate. We speculate that the absence of the cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9A04C9129BB64A1A" box="[1140,1168,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">im</emphasis>
is an extreme variation. The phylogenetic analyses conducted herein shows that this species is well nested within genus
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9ABCC9319A464A7E" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[1228,1376,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9ABCC9319A464A7E" box="[1228,1376,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A03FFADFFAF9B1FC9319F914A41" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="152.[151,250,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-33@152.[151,1435,181,1758]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 93. ML tree of Ankylopterygini based on COI gene fragments (part). Numbers near each node are bootstrap value (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240732/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
). Hence, we treat
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9FF0C95A9D484A41" authority="Navas, 1925" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1925" box="[384,622,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Sencera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9FF0C95A9EFC4A41" box="[384,474,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sencera</emphasis>
Navás, 1925
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFADFFAF9D0CC9559B8D4A42" authority="Brauer, 1864" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[892,1195,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFADFFAF9D0CC9559B364A42" box="[892,1040,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFADFFAF9A67C95A9B8D4A42" author="Brauer, F." box="[1047,1195,1879,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="891 - 902" refId="ref88294" refString="Brauer, F. (1864) Entomologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 14, 891 - 902." type="journal article" year="1864">Brauer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6E660EFFACFFAE9EE7C9779FDC4ACA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240512/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[186,1401,201,1875]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFACFFAE9EE7C9779FDC4ACA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFACFFAE9EE7C9779E344ABE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1909,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Male genital of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFACFFAE9FC7C9779D8F4ABE" authorityName="Holzel" authorityYear="1973" box="[439,681,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFACFFAE9FC7C9779D8F4ABE" box="[439,681,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tumeochrysa magnifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFACFFAE9CA9C9779C9B4ABE" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[729,957,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFACFFAE9CA9C9779C9B4ABE" box="[729,957,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ankylopteryx anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–C: Male genital of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFACFFAE9AD3C9779AB34ABE" authorityName="Holzel" authorityYear="1973" box="[1187,1429,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFACFFAE9AD3C9779AB34ABE" box="[1187,1429,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tumeochrysa magnifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B–C: Gonarcal complex, dorsal view and lateral view; D–F: Male genital of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFACFFAE9DFFC99B9B554A82" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[911,1139,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFACFFAE9DFFC99B9B554A82" box="[911,1139,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ankylopteryx anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E. Pseudopenis; F. Gonarcus and entoprocessus. S = sternum; T = tergum; arc = arcessus; cc= callus cerci; ect = ectoproct; ent = entoprocessus; gon = gonarcus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E660EFFABFFA99EE7CCC99C204E18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240516/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,715,739]" targetBox="[159,1426,191,681]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7CCC99C204E18" blockId="12.[151,1437,715,812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99EE7CCC99E354FD0" bold="true" box="[151,275,715,739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99F96CCC99DCD4FD0" authorityName="Yang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1991" box="[486,747,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Semachrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangxiensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F96CCC99DCD4FD0" box="[486,747,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Semachrysa guangxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Female genitalia, lateral view; B. Subgenitale; C. Spermatheca. S = sternum; T = tergum; cc = callus cerci; ect = ectoproct; gl = gonapophyses lateralis; inv = ventral invagination; sd = spermathecal duct; sg = subgenitale; vel = spermathecal vela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EB7CD7F9B3B49A0" blockId="12.[151,1437,893,1172]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99F3ACD7F9EF84EA4" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[330,478,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F3ACD7F9EF84EA4" box="[330,478,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show a high diversity both in external morphological and genital characters. The markings on the head, thorax and wings, and the shape of entoprocessus are important identification characters. However, these characters may not be stable within a species. Taking
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99DD3CDC49B934EEC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[931,1205,965,992]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="octopunctata" subSpecies="candida">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99DD3CDC49B934EEC" box="[931,1205,965,992]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. octopunctata candida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an example, after examination of many specimens from different places, we found that some specimens would randomly lose certain characters, such as: interantennal spots, reddish stripe in frons, markings on wings, etc. Moreover, this species shows a high degree of variations in projections of apex of male entoprocessus. Through morphological comparison and species delimitation with COI gene fragments, we confirm that these specimens all belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99A9ACA549FD749A0" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="octopunctata" subSpecies="candida">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99A9ACA549FD749A0" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. octopunctata candida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Such intraspecific differences have not yet been found in other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFABFFA89EE7CAE79ABA4DD4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7CAE79DB449CC" blockId="12.[151,658,1253,1280]" box="[151,658,1253,1280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99EE7CAE79DB449CC" bold="true" box="[151,658,1253,1280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99F1ECAE79D294833" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[366,527,1253,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F1ECAE79D294833" bold="true" box="[366,527,1253,1280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3067616FFABFFA99C47CAE79DA049CC" box="[567,646,1253,1279]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
*
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="FF8061B7FFABFFA89EE7CB289ABA4DD4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7CB289ABA486E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7CB289ABA486E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7CB289ABA486E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
1. Cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F60CB299E0E4873" box="[272,296,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">im</emphasis>
of forewing absent......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99B5ECB299ABA480C" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[1326,1436,1322,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B5ECB299ABA480C" box="[1326,1436,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F60CB4A9E0E486E" box="[272,296,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">im</emphasis>
of forewing present............................................................................. 2
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7CB679ABA48AB" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7CB679ABA48AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7CB679ABA48AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
2. Cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F60CB649E0E4848" box="[272,296,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">im</emphasis>
of forewing narrow triangular or ovoid.............................................................. 3 Cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F60CB819E0E48AB" box="[272,296,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">im</emphasis>
of forewing quadrate and broad.................................................................... 5
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7CBA29ABA48E1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7CBA29ABA48E1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7CBA29ABA48E1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
3. Cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F60CBA29E0E4886" box="[272,296,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">im</emphasis>
of forewing triangular; brown shadings concentrated on basal 1/3 of wings.......................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99B6CCBA29ABA4886" authorityName="Tsukaguchi" authorityYear="1995" box="[1308,1436,1440,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B6CCBA29ABA4886" box="[1308,1436,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99F60CBBC9E0E48E0" box="[272,296,1470,1491]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">im</emphasis>
of forewing extremely narrow and ovoid; brown shadings of wings scattered................................ 4
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7CBD89ABA4B19" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7CBD89ABA4B19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7CBD89ABA4B19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
4. Dark spots present between antennae; most of crossveins of wings pale, only radial crossveins, basal two inner gradate series and CuP brown................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99B48CBFA9FD94B19" authority="No" authorityName="No" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B48CBFA9ABA4B3E" box="[1336,1436,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. gracilis</emphasis>
No
</taxonomicName>
spots present between antennae; almost all crossveins of wings brown and with brown shadings..........
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99B68C8179ABA4B19" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[1304,1436,1557,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doleschalii">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B68C8179ABA4B19" box="[1304,1436,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. doleschalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7C8309ABA4B56" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C8309ABA4B56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C8309ABA4B56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
5. Forewing and hindwing with brownish vittae along posterior margin....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99B52C8319ABA4B74" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1937" box="[1314,1436,1586,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatula">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B52C8319ABA4B74" box="[1314,1436,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. delicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wings without vittae along posterior margin................................................................ 6
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7C86F9ABA4B8E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C86F9ABA4B8E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C86F9ABA4B8E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
6. Metanotum brown; forewing and hindwing with conspicuous markings along posterior margin from CuP and spanning five crossveins.............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99A9CC8899E774B8E" authority="Metanotum" authorityName="Metanotum" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnimaculata">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99A9CC8899ABA4BAC" box="[1260,1436,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. magnimaculata</emphasis>
Metanotum
</taxonomicName>
partially brown or without brown spots; markings along posterior margin small and pale................... 7
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7C8C79ABA4A26" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C8C79ABA4A26" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C8C79ABA4A26" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
7. Many brown shadings scattered on forewing and hindwing............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99B5FC8C79ABB4BE9" authorityName="Ma &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" box="[1327,1437,1733,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffluens">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B5FC8C79ABB4BE9" box="[1327,1437,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. diffluens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Forewing with brown shadings on pterostigma, basal crossvein of inner gradate series and CuP; hindwing sometimes with small brown shadings on posterior margin crossveins.............................................................. 8
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7C91F9ABA4A7C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C91F9ABA4A7C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C91F9ABA4A7C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
8. Scape with brown stripes on outer and inner side; metascutellum with marking shaped like mountains
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99AC2C91F9A754A00" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[1202,1363,1821,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montipunctata" status="sp.nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99AC2C91F9A754A00" box="[1202,1363,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A.montipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B24C91F9ABA4A01" bold="true" box="[1364,1436,1821,1842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657EFFFABFFA99B24C91F9ABA4A01" box="[1364,1436,1821,1842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Scape with brown spots on outer side or not; metanotum without spots........................................... 9
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7C95A9ABA4AB9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C95A9ABA4AB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C95A9ABA4AB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9. Scape without brown spots; frons without spots............................................................ 10 Scape with brown spots on outer side; frons with spots....................................................... 11</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA99EE7C9909ABA4AF6" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C9909ABA4AF6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C9909ABA4AF6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
10. Metascutum with brown spots; male entoprocessus sudden narrowed at middle and projected at tip........
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99A8CC9919A6C4A9B" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[1276,1354,1939,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99A8CC9919A6C4A9B" box="[1276,1354,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. stena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B20C9909ABA4A94" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1938,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657EFFFABFFA99B20C9909ABA4A94" box="[1360,1436,1938,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Metanotum without spots; male entoprocessus curved and wide at tip..........................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFABFFA99ACCC9B29A6C4AF6" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[1212,1354,1968,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99ACCC9B29A6C4AF6" box="[1212,1354,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFABFFA99B20C9B29ABA4AF6" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1968,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657EFFFABFFA99B20C9B29ABA4AF6" box="[1360,1436,1968,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFABFFA89EE7C9CF9ABA4DD4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1322,2019]" lastBlockId="13.[226,1436,151,232]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFABFFA99EE7C9CF9ABA4AD1" box="[151,1436,1997,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFABFFA99EE7C9CF9ABA4AD1" box="[151,1436,1997,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11. Supra-antennal area marked with red spots; V-shaped black spots present between antennae; mesoprescutum and mesoscutum</keyStep>
</keyLead>
<keyLead id="30E095B3FFAAFFA89E92CE959ABA4DD4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyStep id="30E52E23FFAAFFA89E92CE959ABA4DD4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
reddish brown, metascutum with reddish-brown spots; male entoprocessus short and curved................
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAAFFA89B61CE9A9E0F4DF8" authority="Almost" authorityName="Almost" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocincta">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAAFFA89B61CE9A9ABA4D9F" box="[1297,1436,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. rubrocincta</emphasis>
Almost
</taxonomicName>
quadrate black spots present below antennae; frons with reddish spots; mesonutum all brown or only anterolateral angle of mesoscutum brown, metascutum with small brown spots; male entoprocessus not curved........
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAAFFA89AC1CED09ABA4DD4" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1201,1436,210,232]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="octopunctata" subSpecies="candida">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAAFFA89AC1CED09ABA4DD4" box="[1201,1436,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. octopunctata candida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E29E2F6DFFAAFFA89EE7CF159DB84C03" box="[151,670,278,305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAAFFA89EE7CF159DB84C03" box="[151,670,278,305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAAFFA89EE7CF159DB84C03" blockId="13.[151,670,278,305]" box="[151,670,278,305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0E681EAFFAAFFA89EE7CF159DB84C03" box="[151,670,278,305]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAAFFA89EE7CF159E514C03" box="[151,375,278,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAAFFA89ED4CF159E514C03" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[164,375,278,305]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">A. quadrimaculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is not included in the key.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="C0084D8E159E310469C556165A6D3B3E">Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB0EA8F14A47ED8480D194AB5E7D8B7A">Wu, Jingyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D89E76AB59332140D14C8103E88E26A1">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China wujingyu 176 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6677 - 7726 Corresponding author: xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CB127C8FDA85D48BC4E0902679C21CA4">Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E41E22CDE67D6074C45F3A64ED037C9E">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China wujingyu 176 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6677 - 7726 Corresponding author: xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" blockId="8.[151,588,1554,1581]" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0E681EAFFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" bold="true" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9EE7C8109D6A4B1F" bold="true" box="[151,588,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAFFFAD9E91C8109D6A4B1F" authority="Navas, 1910" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[225,588,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAD9EE7C8559EDD4B5C" blockId="8.[151,510,1623,1678]" box="[151,507,1623,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Ancilopterygino
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAFFFAD9F34C8559ED14B5C" author="Navas, L." box="[324,503,1623,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="38 - 59" refId="ref90149" refString="Navas, L. (1910 a) Crisopidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos. Broteria, Zoologica, 9, 38 - 59." type="journal article" year="1910">Navás, 1910a: 59</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAFFFAD9EE7C8749ED84BBD" box="[151,510,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAD9EE7C8749ED84BBD" blockId="8.[151,510,1623,1678]" box="[151,510,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAFFFAD9EE7C8749EA14BBD" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,391,1654,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini Navás</taxonomicName>
, 1913: 293.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAFFFAC9EE7C8BE9D1B4CBA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAFFFAC9EE7C8BE9D1B4CBA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1724,2039]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9EE7C8BE9E344BE5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body small to large. Body length 5.6–21.0 mm, forewing length 7.5–27.0 mm, hindwing length
<quantity id="4CE99B63FFAFFFAD9B4AC8BE9FE04BC8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="16.1" valueMax="25.5" valueMin="6.7">6.7–25.5 mm</quantity>
. This tribe is characterized by the following characters: the head sometimes with spots on the frons, clypeus and gena, the large prominent compound eyes, the antennal scape sometimes with brown stripe on the outer or inner side, the scape wider than pedicel and flagellum, the sickle-shaped mandibles without basal teeth, the maxillary and labial palpi usually marked, the terminal palpomere pointed or not, the pronotum sometimes with small brown spots anterolaterally, the mesonotum and metanotum with brown markings or not, the legs sometimes marked with black spots on tibia and with long pale setae, the pretarsal claws with basal dilation, the forewing sometimes with brown shadings on gradates, CuP, etc., the costal area strongly or feebly broadened basally, the dark or indistinct pterostigma, the cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9FF2C9DE9E834AC5" box="[386,421,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">m1</emphasis>
smaller than
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9C4CC9DE9D784AC5" box="[572,606,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">m2</emphasis>
, the present or absent cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAFFFAD9DFAC9DF9C804AC5" box="[906,934,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">im</emphasis>
, the gradates in two or more divergent rows, the basal crossvein of inner gradate series meeting Psm or not, the cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9DDECE959CEF4D82" box="[942,969,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c1</emphasis>
smaller than
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9A2FCE959B5F4D82" box="[1119,1145,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c2</emphasis>
, the opened or closed cell
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CEB99F984DE6" box="[151,190,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">dcc</emphasis>
, the hindwing usually without shadings, the abdomen with dense setae, the male tergum IX fused with ectoproct, the male sternum VIII fused with sternum IX or not, the ovoid callus cerci, the male genitalia without tignum and gonapsis, the arcuate gonarcus, the entoprocessus always attached with gonarcus, the pseudopenis not attached with entoprocessus or the arcessus attached to the entoprocessus, the female subgenitale distinctly or slightly bilobed apically, the thick or thin spermatheca, the long or short or absent vela, the deep or shallow or absent ventral impression, and the long curved duct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EB7CF909B7C4C9E" box="[199,1114,402,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EB7CF909E474C9F" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Nearctic regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B650DFFAEFFAC9EB7CFB59B444FC2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE3686FFAEFFAC9EB7CFB59B444FC2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EB7CFB59E1D4CE2" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
In
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9F16CFB59DB74CE2" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C." box="[358,657,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref88564" refString="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks &amp; Barnard (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the male genitalia being without tignum and gonapsis as well as being pointed terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palpi, the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9A4ECFD99BD14CC6" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1086,1271,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
included only five genera:
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F5ECFFD9D4E4F2A" authority="Brauer, 1864" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[302,616,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F5ECFFD9EE44F2A" box="[302,450,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9FBFCFFD9D4E4F2A" author="Brauer, F." box="[463,616,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="891 - 902" refId="ref88294" refString="Brauer, F. (1864) Entomologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 14, 891 - 902." type="journal article" year="1864">Brauer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C09CFFD9CB04F2A" authority="Brooks, 1986" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1986" box="[633,918,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Retipenna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C09CFFD9DCD4F2B" box="[633,747,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Retipenna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9C87CFFD9CB04F2A" author="Brooks, S. J." box="[759,918,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref88537" refString="Brooks, S. J. (1986) A new genus of Ankylopterygini (Chrysopidae). Neuroptera International, 4, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1986">Brooks, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DD7CFFD9A224F2A" authority="Tjeder, 1966" authorityName="Tjeder" authorityYear="1966" box="[935,1284,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Parankylopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9DD7CFFD9B444F2A" box="[935,1122,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parankylopteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9A1ECFFD9A224F2A" author="Tjeder, B." box="[1134,1284,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="228 - 534" refId="ref91317" refString="Tjeder, B. (1966) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 5. Family Chrysopidae. South African Animal Life, 12, 228 - 534." type="journal article" year="1966">Tjeder, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B65CFFD9E094F0E" authority="Brooks, 1983" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Semachrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B65CFFD9ABA4F2A" box="[1301,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Semachrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9EE7CC219E094F0E" author="Brooks, S. J." box="[151,303,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref88497" refString="Brooks, S. J. (1983) A new genus of oriental lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 47, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1983">Brooks, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F17CC219C354F0E" authority="Brooks &amp; Barnard, 1990" authorityName="Brooks &amp; Barnard" authorityYear="1990" box="[359,787,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Signochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F17CC219ED74F0E" box="[359,497,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Signochrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9F89CC219C354F0E" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C." box="[505,787,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref88564" refString="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Barnard, P. C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks &amp; Barnard, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9D6FCC219B444F0E" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Jiang, Y. L. &amp; Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Duelli, P. &amp; Engel, M. S. &amp; Penny, N. D. &amp; Tauber, C. A. &amp; Mochizuki, A. &amp; Liu, X. Y." box="[799,1122,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="499 - 513" refId="ref88713" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Winterton, S. L., Jiang, Y. L., Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Duelli, P., Engel, M. S., Penny, N. D., Tauber, C. A., Mochizuki, A. &amp; Liu, X. Y. (2019) Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a molecular supermatrix approach. Systematic Entomology, 44, 499 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12339" type="journal article" year="2019">
Garzón-Orduña
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9DA6CC219B294F0E" box="[982,1039,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9AE9CC219ABA4F0E" author="Winterton, S. L. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Badano, D. &amp; Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Duelli, P. &amp; Engel, M. S. &amp; Liu, X. &amp; Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Mansell, M. &amp; Mochizuki, A. &amp; Penny, N. D. &amp; Tauber, C. A. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[1177,1436,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="514 - 526" refId="ref91432" refString="Winterton, S. L., Gillung, J. P., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Badano, D., Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Duelli, P., Engel, M. S., Liu, X., Machado, R. J. P., Mansell, M., Mochizuki, A., Penny, N. D., Tauber, C. A. and Oswald, J. D. (2019) Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): an anchored phylogenomics approach. Systematic Entomology, 44, 514 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12347" type="journal article" year="2019">
Winterton
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B61CC219A6C4F0E" box="[1297,1354,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
reconstructed the phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C79CC459DB14F52" box="[521,663,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
and the results showed that
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9D9BCC459A654F52" authority="Needham, 1909" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[1003,1347,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9D9BCC459BA64F52" box="[1003,1152,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9AFBCC459A654F52" author="Needham, J. G." box="[1163,1347,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="185 - 210" refId="ref90677" refString="Needham, J. G. (1909) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 3, 185 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 3 / 1909 / 163272" type="journal article" year="1909">Needham, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B22CC459E004FB6" authority="Navas, 1912" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nineta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B22CC459ABB4F53" box="[1362,1437,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nineta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9EE7CC699E004FB6" author="Navas, L." box="[151,294,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="98 - 113" refId="ref90273" refString="Navas, L. (1912) Crisopidos y Hemerobidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos o criticos. Broteria, Zoologica, 10, 98 - 113." type="journal article" year="1912">Navás, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F11CC699DA24FB6" authority="Navas, 1910" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[353,644,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F11CC699ECD4FB6" box="[353,491,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
Navás, 1910
</taxonomicName>
are closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DF6CC699B654FB6" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[902,1091,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
. The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9B70CC699AB34FB6" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[1280,1429,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B70CC699AB34FB6" box="[1280,1429,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9EE7CC8D9FC44F9B" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,226,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nineta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9EE7CC8D9FC44F9B" box="[151,226,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nineta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9F68CC8D9E844F9A" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[280,418,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9F68CC8D9E844F9A" box="[280,418,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not possess a pointed terminal palpomere of the maxillary and labial palpi, but the male genitalia in these species also lack tignum and gonapsis as in typical
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DCCCCB19B534FFE" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[956,1141,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B77FFAEFFAC9A91CCB19FC44FC2" author="Breitkreuz, L. C. V. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Engel, M. S." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1374 - 1395" refId="ref88364" refString="Breitkreuz, L. C. V., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Winterton, S. L. &amp; Engel, M. S. (2022) Phylogeny of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with emphasis on morphological trait evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194, 1374 - 1395. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 024" type="journal article" year="2022">
Breitkreuz
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9B11CCB19ABB4FFE" box="[1377,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
formally transferred
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9FA0CCD59D3D4FC3" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[464,539,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nineta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9FA0CCD59D3D4FC3" box="[464,539,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nineta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C59CCD59D984FC2" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1909" box="[553,702,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Tumeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C59CCD59D984FC2" box="[553,702,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tumeochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9C85CCD59C594FC2" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[757,895,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EA94FFAEFFAC9C85CCD59C594FC2" box="[757,895,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysopidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C114D05FFAEFFAC9DD2CCD59B794FC2" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1910" box="[930,1119,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ankylopterygini">Ankylopterygini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>