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E-mail: john. buckeridge @ rmit. edu. au & Museums Victoria, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia +john.buckeridge@rmit.edu.au + + + +Author + +Chan, Benny K. K. +Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Email: chankk @ gate. sinica. edu. tw +chankk@gate.sinica.edu.tw + + + +Author + +Lin, Jih-Pai +Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. * Correspondence: E-mail: alexjplin @ ntu. edu. tw +alexjplin@ntu.edu.tw + +text + + +Zoological Studies + + +2019 + +2019-12-12 + + +58 + + +39 + + +1 +9 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064492 + +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2019.58-39 +1810-522X +PMC6971528 +31966340 +12821426 + + + + + + + +Coronula +Lamarck, 1802 + + + + + + + +Diagnosis +: Shell with six equal-sized compartments; opercular valves present; parietes with similar structure throughout, without internal mid ribs; parietal ribs radiate accordion-like to end as T-shaped flanges forming exterior of wall; radii less than half thickness of parietes; orifice of body chamber larger than basal opening; sheath smooth, extending entire length of inner wall; radiating ribs on either side of sutures unbranched or asymmetrically branched; opposed sides of terminal flanges crenulate. + + +Distribution +: Upper Miocene-Recent (Cosmopolitan) ( +Buckeridge, 1983 +; +Buckeridge et al. 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1B/6A/50/1B6A507DAD34545894390F9F3E182A7D.xml b/data/1B/6A/50/1B6A507DAD34545894390F9F3E182A7D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b83e7678844 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1B/6A/50/1B6A507DAD34545894390F9F3E182A7D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,918 @@ + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Author + +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands + + + +Author + +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-25 + + +1208 + + +1 +48 + + + +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 + + + + + +Paramixogaster vespiformis +( +de Meijere, 1908 +) + + + + + +Figs 46–51 +, +52–53 +, +117–122 +, +137 + + + + + + + +Microdon vespiformis + +de Meijere, 1908: 210 +. +Lectotype +♀ +: +Indonesia +, +Java +( + +RMNH + +) [examined]; + +Knutson et al. 1975: 372 + +. + + + + + + + + + + +Paramicrodon decipiens + +de Meijere, 1917: 242 +. +Holotype +♀ +: +Indonesia +, +Java +( + +RMNH + +) [examined]. + + + + + + + + + + +Paramicrodon dicipiens + +de Meijere, 1917 +– + +Knutson et al. 1975: 373 + +(misspelling). + + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster decipiens + +( +de Meijere, 1917 +) – + +Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a +: 145 + +. + + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster vespiformis + +( +de Meijere, 1908 +) – + +Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a +: 145 + +. + + + + + + + + +Studied type specimens. + + + + +Lectotype + +of + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere + +(designated here, see notes). +Indonesia +• +1 ♀ +; label 1: “ +E. Jacobson Batavia + +Sept. 1907 + +”; label 2: “ + +Microdon vespiformis + +type det. +de Meijere +”; label 3 (red): “ + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere, 1908 +ZMAN + +type DIPT. 1074.1 ”; + +RMNH + +. + + + + +Indonesia +• +1 ♀ +, +paralectotype +(new designation, see notes) of + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere + +; label 1: “ + +Microdon vespiformis + +”; label 2: “ + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere, 1908 +ZMAN + +type? DIPT. 1074 ”; + +RMNH + + +. + + + + +Holotype + +of + +Paramicrodon decipiens +de Meijere. + +Indonesia +• +1 ♀ +; +Java +; + +RMNH + +. +Label +1: “ Salatiga + +V. 1915 + +Roepke ”; label 2: “ + +Paramicrodon decipiens + +det. +de Meijere Type +”; label 3 (red): “ + +Microdon decipiens +de Meijere, 1917 +ZMAN + +type DIPT. 0975.1 ”; + +RMNH + +. + + + + +Paratypes + +of + +Paramicrodon decipiens +de Meijere + +(only puparia, no adult specimens, although probably the +holotype +was reared from one of these specimens). +Indonesia +• 3 empty puparia on a piece of dry leaf. Label 1: “ Salatiga +V. 1915 +Roepke ”; label 2: “ + +Paramicrodon decipiens +de Meijere, 1917 +ZMAN + +type? DIPT. 0975 ”. + + + + +Additional specimens. + + + +Indonesia +• +1 ♀ +; +Java +; + +Apr. 1908 + +; +E. Jacobson +leg.; + +RMNH + + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Java +, +Dungus Iwul +; + +2 Dec. 1952 + +; alt. + +100 m + +; +M. A. Lieftinck +leg.; + +RMNH + + +• + +3 ♂ +1 ♀ +; +Sumatra +, +Fort De Kock +; alt. + +920 m + +; 1925; +E. Jacobson +leg.; + +RMNH + + +• + +1 ♀ +; W. +Bali +, nr. +Negara +, rainforest above +Batuagung +; alt. + +550 m + +; + +4–6 Dec. 1991 + +; +C. van Achterberg +leg.; + +RMNH + + +. + + + +Malaysia +• +1 ♂ +; +Penang +; 1927; +C. F. Baker +leg.; + +USNM + + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Penang +; + +8 Dec. 1942 + +; +H. T. Pagden +leg.; + +NHMUK + +[13933416] + +. + + + +Philippines +• +1 ♂ +; +Palawan +, +Brookes +, +Point Uring Uring +; + +16 Aug. 1961 + +; +Noona Dan. Exp. +61–62 leg.; + +ZMUC + + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Palawan +, +Brookes +, +Point Uring Uring +; + +10 Sep. 1961 + +; +Noona Dan. Exp. +61–62 leg.; + +ZMUC + + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Palawan +, +Mantalingajan +, +Pinigisan +; + +7 Sep. 1961 + +; +Noona Dan. Exp. +61–62 leg.; + +ZMUC + + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Balabac +, +Dalawan Bay +; + +8 Oct. 1961 + +; +Noona Dan. Exp. +61–62 leg.; + +ZMUC + + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Balabac +, +Dalawan Bay +; + +13 Oct. 1961 + +; +Noona Dan. Exp. +61–62 leg.; + +ZMUC + + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Balabac +, +Dalawan Bay +; + +10 Oct. 1961 + +; +Noona Dan. Exp. +61–62 leg.; + +ZMUC + + +. + + + +Thailand +• +1 ♀ +; +Chantaburi Prov. +, +Tha Mai District +, +Ao Khating +; + +1 Jan. 1992 + +; +G. R. Ballmer +leg.; + +UCRC + +[label: “ +Photo KC +64-318: 31 - 33 ”] + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Body length: males +7–9 mm +( +n += 7), females +6–10 mm +( +n += 6). This belongs to the group of species without lateral bulges on the frons. From + +P. luxor + +it differs by the postpedicel being longer than the scape (shorter in + +P. luxor + +). From + +P. contracta + +and + +P. conveniens + +it differs by the incomplete transverse suture (complete in + +P. contracta + +and + +P. conveniens + +). From + +P. sacki + +it differs by tergites 3 and 4 being black with yellow posterior margin (yellow with pattern of black vittae in + +P. sacki + +). It differs from + +P. jubata +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +by the shorter tergite 2, of which the posterior margin is wider than the median length (longer in + +P. jubata +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +), the dark anterior margin of the scutellum (entirely yellow in + +P. jubata +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +) and the shorter setulae on the vertex. + + + +Paramixogaster vespiformis + +is most similar to + +P. indica + +, from which it differs by the interrupted yellow vitta between postpronotum and posterior callus (continuous in + +P. indica + +), and the shorter postpedicel in the male, which is 3.3–3.7 × as long as the scape (4.4–5.6 × as long in + +P. indica + +). Male: postpedicel 3.3–3.7 × as long as scape. Female: postpedicel 1.6–2.9 × as long as scape. The degree of infuscation of wing apex is very variable. Male genitalia as in Fig. +137 +. + + + + +Notes. + + +The description of + +Microdon vespiformis + +by +de Meijere (1908) +was based on an unknown number of specimens. The specimen identified as +syntype +by +de Jong (2000) +is clearly a primary type, based on the label information and the concurrence of its characters with the original description. This specimen is here designated as +lectotype +. The + +RMNH + +collection also holds a female specimen which is considered by +de Jong (2000) +as a possible +syntype +of + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere. + +The label is in de Meijere’s handwriting and the specimen agrees well with the other +syntype +, except that it is smaller ( +6 mm +), and it has a peculiar forked appendix on vein R +4 + 5 +. This latter character is considered as an abnormality. Unlike the +lectotype +, however, this specimen has no locality information on the label. Besides, +de Meijere (1908) +does not mention a smaller specimen with an aberrant wing venation. Therefore, this specimen is here regarded as not belonging to the type series. + + +In the same paper as the one in which he described + +Microdon vespiformis +, +de Meijere (1908) + +also described specimens from +Bali +which he identified as + +Microdon indicus +(Doleschall) + +. However, as de Meijere noted himself, these specimens differ from + +M. indicus + +as described by +Doleschall (1857) +, and also from + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere, 1908 + +, because the frons is rather uneven (‘ ziemlich uneben’) and bears two large, round elevations (‘ etwas erhabenen grossen runden Stellen’). This character reminds of the lateral bulges on the frons found in several other + +Paramixogaster +species + +(e. g., + +P. icariiformis + +, + +P. sulawesiana +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +, Fig. +6 +), but not in + +P. indica + +or + +P. vespiformis + +. Probably, the Balinese specimens referred to by de Meijere as + +C. indica + +were misidentified. Unfortunately, no specimens identified by de Meijere as + +C. indica + +could be found in the collection of the + +RMNH + +(which nowadays includes the collection of the former ZMAN, in which most of de Meijere’s material was deposited). So, the identity of + +Microdon indicus +(Doleschall) +sensu +de Meijere (1908) + +remains unclear. + + +The empty puparia (Figs +52 +, +53 +) listed among the type specimens of + +Paramicrodon decipiens +de Meijere + +have also been described by +de Meijere (1917) +, so these can be regarded to belong to the type series ( +de Jong 2000 +). As the species description is based on the single adult female, thus the +holotype +, the empty puparia are considered +paratypes +. + + +In the +holotype +of + +P. decipiens + +there is no appendix on vein R +4 + 5 +. Otherwise, the species is very similar to the other specimens here identified as + +P. vespiformis + +. In some of the specimens from the +Philippines +this appendix is also lacking, whereas in +one specimen +it is only present in one of the wings. + + + +Paramixogaster vespiformis + +is very similar to + +P. indica + +, so such an extent that these taxa might be considered synonymous as well in the future. Unfortunately, most of the available specimens are at least several decades old, so molecular analyses are not very feasible. As the morphological differences are small, but consistent, here the view is taken that these taxa represent two different, albeit closely similar species. + + +The separation between the ranges of + +P. indica + +and + +P. vespiformis + +seems to follow the line of Wallace, as well as Huxley’s adaptation of it ( +Lohman et al. 2011 +), with + +P. indica + +being the Wallacean species and + +P. vespiformis + +occurring on the Sunda Shelf. The single exception seems to be a female specimen from +Bali +(collected near Negara rainforest, above Batuagung, +4–6. XII. 1991 +, leg. C. van Achterberg, coll. + +RMNH + +). The yellow lateral vitta along the scutum is continuous in this specimen, which would indicate + +P. indica + +. However, the other characters differentiating between + +P. indica + +and + +P. vespiformis + +can only be seen in males, so identification based on this single colour character remains a bit uncertain. This female specimen is here left unidentified and it is therefore not listed among the studied specimens. It would not be the first ‘ Wallacean’ taxon to colonise +Bali +( +Tänzler et al. 2014 +), but more specimens are needed to confirm that this is indeed the case. + + +A larva of this species was found by Greg R. Ballmer (pers. comm. 2023) in +Thailand +in +1992 in +a folded leaf shelter, also occupied by ants, putative + +Dolichoderus thoracicus +(Smith, 1860) + +(Fig. +4 +). This specimen was reared to the adult stage, and the adult specimen is mounted together with the empty puparium. See section +Additional material +for further details. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Known from +Thailand +, Peninsular +Malaysia +, the Indonesian islands Sumatra, Java and Bali, and the +Philippines +. From the +Philippines +, all specimens are from the islands Balabac and +Palawan +. All known localities are situated west of the Wallace Line (and also of Huxley’s adaptation of it). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/38/D0/1B/38D01B8A4A9F51F7A5F07358A57224C7.xml b/data/38/D0/1B/38D01B8A4A9F51F7A5F07358A57224C7.xml index 1b800431de8..f560929b57f 100644 --- a/data/38/D0/1B/38D01B8A4A9F51F7A5F07358A57224C7.xml +++ b/data/38/D0/1B/38D01B8A4A9F51F7A5F07358A57224C7.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) - - -Author + + +Author -Reemer, Menno -Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands - - -Author + + +Author -Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan -0000-0002-5244-9833 -Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-07-25 + +2024 + +2024-07-25 - -1208 + +1208 - -1 -48 + +1 +48 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 -5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 - + Paramixogaster fujianensis -Cheng - -in +Cheng in Huang & Cheng, 2012 + - Paramixogaster fujianensis @@ -76,15 +76,12 @@ Cheng in , but see notes) [not examined]; - Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a - : 145 . - @@ -113,9 +110,7 @@ is the only one in which tergite 2 is more than twice as long as wide ( Notes. -Unsuccessful attempts were made to locate the -type -specimen of +Unsuccessful attempts were made to locate the type specimen of Paramixogaster fujianensis diff --git a/data/44/4E/EA/444EEAAB05BD54428C0C3DC18E298BB7.xml b/data/44/4E/EA/444EEAAB05BD54428C0C3DC18E298BB7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a89b5bf9e9a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/44/4E/EA/444EEAAB05BD54428C0C3DC18E298BB7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,718 @@ + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Author + +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands + + + +Author + +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-25 + + +1208 + + +1 +48 + + + +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 + + + + + +Paramixogaster yunnanensis +Cheng in +Huang & Cheng, 2012 + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster yunnanensis + +Cheng in +Huang & Cheng, 2012: 696 +. +Holotype +♂ +: +China +, +Yunnan +( + +CASB + +, but see notes) [not examined]; + +Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a +: 145 + +. + + + + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Only male known. Body length: +7 mm +. This belongs to the group of species with lateral bulges on the frons. From + +P. fujianensis + +it differs in tergite 2 being less than twice as long as wide (more than twice as long as wide in + +P. fujianensis + +). From + +P. icariiformis + +, + +P. kodaiana +Sankararaman & Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +, + +P. huoi +Reemer + +, +nom. nov. +and + +P. sulawesiana +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +it differs by the absence of a fascia of golden setulae along the transverse suture of the scutum (present in the four aforementioned species). From + +P. brunettii + +it differs by the black tergite 2 (reddish in + +P. brunettii + +) with a pair of yellow maculae. From + +P. halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +it differs by the dark postalar calli (yellow in + +P. halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +), the longer postpedicel, which is 8 × as long as scape (6 × as long in + +P. halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +), and the entirely clear wing (infuscate in apical 1 / 2 of cells r +1 +and r + +2 + +3 in + + +P. halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +). Figures of habitus and head are provided by +Huang and Cheng (2012) +. Note that these characters are based on the description only and could not be verified against any specimens. + + + + +Notes. + + +Unsuccessful attempts were made to locate the type specimen of + +Paramixogaster yunnanensis + +by trying to contact the author and by enquiring at the + +CASB + +collection (Ke-Ke Huo pers. comm. 2023). The original description in +Huang and Cheng (2012) +is in Chinese, but the same work also provides an English translation, as well as figures of the head in frontal view and of the thorax and abdomen in dorsal view. This information suggests that + +P. yunnanensis + +is very similar to + +P. halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster brunettii +Reemer + +, holotype: +29 +mounted specimen and labels +30 +habitus dorsolateral +31 +head and thorax dorsolateral. Photos by J. van Steenis. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster contracta +(Brunetti) + +, female, holotype: +32 +habitus, dorsal +33 +habitus, lateral +34 +head, frontal +35 +head, lateral +36 +head, dorsal +37 +wing +38 +tergite 2, dorsal. + + + + + + + + +Microdon conveniens +Brunetti + +, female, holotype: +39 +habitus, dorsal +40 +habitus, lateral +41 +head, frontal +42 +head, lateral +43 +head, dorsal +44 +wing +45 +tergite 2, dorsal. + + + + + + + + +Microdon decipiens +de Meijere + +, female, holotype: +46 +habitus, dorsal +47 +habitus, lateral +48 +head, frontal +49 +head, lateral +50 +head, dorsal +51 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Microdon decipiens +de Meijere + +, puparium, paratype: +52 +habitus, dorsal +53 +habitus, lateral. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +male, holotype: +54 +habitus, dorsal +55 +habitus, lateral +56 +head, frontal +57 +head, fronto-lateral +58 +thorax, dorso-lateral +59 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster huoi +Reemer + +, +nom. nov. +male, holotype: +60 +habitus, dorsal +61 +habitus, lateral +62 +abdomen, lateral +63 +head, frontal +64 +head, lateral +65 +antenna +66 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster icariiformis +Pendlebury + +female, neotype: +67 +habitus, dorsal +68 +habitus, lateral +69 +head, frontal +70 +head, lateral +71 +thorax, dorso-lateral +72 +tergite 2, lateral. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster jubata + +sp. nov. +male, holotype: +73 +habitus, dorsal +74 +habitus, lateral +75 +head, frontal +76 +head, lateral +77 +head, dorsal +78 +thorax, lateral +79 +scutellum, dorsal +80 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster kodaiana +Sankararaman & Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +female, holotype: +81 +habitus, dorsal +82 +habitus, lateral +83 +head, frontal +84 +head, dorsal +85 +tergite 2, dorsal +86 +thorax, dorsal +87 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Microdon luxor +Curran + +male, holotype: +88 +habitus, dorsal +89 +habitus, lateral +90 +head, frontal. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster +cf. +luxor +(Curran) + +female, Sabah: +91 +habitus, dorsal +92 +habitus, lateral +93 +head, dorsal +94 +head, frontal. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster sacki +Reemer & Ståhls + +male, neotype: +95 +habitus, dorsal +96 +habitus, lateral +97 +head, frontal +98 +head, lateral +99 +head, dorsal +100 +thorax, dorsal +101 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster sulawesiana + +sp. nov. +male, holotype: +102 +habitus, dorsal +103 +habitus, lateral +104 +head, lateral +105 +head, frontal +106 +wing +107 +head, dorsal +108 +antenna. + + + + + + + + +Microdon subpetiolatus +Thompson + +male, holotype: +109 +habitus, dorsal +110 +habitus, lateral +111 +head, frontal +112 +head, lateral +113 +head, dorsal. + + + + + + + + +Microdon subpetiolatus +Thompson + +male, paratype: +114 +habitus, dorsal +115 +habitus, dorso-lateral +116 +head, frontal. + + + + + + + + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere + +female, lectotype: +117 +habitus, dorsal +118 +habitus, lateral +119 +head, frontal +120 +head, lateral +121 +head, dorsal +122 +wing. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster wegneri +Keiser + +male, holotype: +123 +habitus, dorsal +124 +head, frontal. + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster wegneri +Keiser + +, paratypes: +125 +head, dorsal, male +126 +head, dorsal, female +127 +habitus, dorsal, female +128 +habitus, lateral, male +129 +habitus, lateral, female. + + + + + + + +Male genitalia of + +Paramixogaster +species + +: +130 + +P. contracta + +(paratype + +Microdon subpetiolatus +Thompson + +) +131 + +P. halmaherensis +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +holotype +132 + +P. luxor + +holotype +133 + +P. sacki + +Taiwan, +RMNH +134 + +P. sulawesiana +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +holotype +135 + +P. jubata +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +paratype Vietnam +136 + +P. indica + +(paratype + +P. wegneri +Keiser + +syn. nov. +) +137 + +P. vespiformis + +Sumatra, +RMNH +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/63/09/6B/63096B09FFF3FF8CFC5D1A26FB86FDEE.xml b/data/63/09/6B/63096B09FFF3FF8CFC5D1A26FB86FDEE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..22e8507fa31 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/63/09/6B/63096B09FFF3FF8CFC5D1A26FB86FDEE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,531 @@ + + + +Pampus candidus + + + +Author + +Li, Jheng-Jhang +Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. & East Peak Ecological Consultants, Inc., Linyuan, Kaohsiung 83249, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Shih, Yi-Jia +Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361010, China. E-mail: eja 0313 @ gmail. com & Department of Environment Biology and Fishery Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. +eja0313@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ho, Ping-Ho +Department of Environment Biology and Fishery Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. + + + +Author + +Jiang, Guo-Chen +National Museum of Marine Science and Technology, Keelung 20248, Taiwan. * Correspondence: E-mail: gcjiang @ mail. nmmst. gov. tw & Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center, National Academy of Marine Research, Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan +gcjiang@mail.nmmst.gov.tw + +text + + +Zoological Studies + + +2019 + +2019-11-27 + + +58 + + +36 + + +1 +9 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064492 + +journal article +300254 +10.6620/ZS.2019.58-36 +00dc9a97-300f-42f3-8470-4037e2dfbc49 +1810-522X +PMC6917557 +31966337 +12821446 + + + + + + + +Karstama boholano +( +Ng, 2002 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Sesarmoides boholano +Ng 2002: 428 + + +, figs. 11, 12, 15A, B, 16B, 17b; + +Naruse et al. 2005: 80 + +. + + + + + + +Karstama boholano +Ng et al. 2008: 221 + + +; + +Fujita and Naruse 2016: 23 + +. + + + + + +Material examined +: +1 female +(19.3 × 15.6) (DNA voucher, +NTOU +1), eastern Green Island, +17 September 2017 +, C.-Y. Lu; +1 female +(20.3 × 16.3) (DNA voucher, +NTOU +2), western Green Island, +18 September 2014 +, J. J. Li; +1 female +(19.2 × 15.2) ( +NTOU +3), Siaobalidao, +KTNP +, +20 August 2018 +, J.-J. Li. + + +Additional material +: + +Karstama boholano +( +Ng, 2002 +) + +. — +Paratypes +: +2 males +(14.0 × 12.0, 11.3 by +9.8 mm +), +2 females +(10.5 by +8.8 mm +, 10.4 by +9.2 mm +) (largest female as DNA voucher, +TMCD +), Panglao Island, +Bohol +, +Philippines +, coll. H.-C. Liu, +26 Nov. 2001 +; +1 female +(18.1 × 14.9) (DNA voucher, +ZRC +2012.0433-1), +1 male +(17.2 × 14.6) (DNA voucher, +ZRC +2012.0433-2) +Philippines +: +Bohol +, Central Panglao, Panglao Nature Resort grounds, Karst Forest, inside cave, +Dec. 2010 +, P. K. L. Ng and P. Y. C. Ng. + + +Comparative material +: + +Sesarmoides kraussi +(De Man, 1887) + +. — (24.1 × 18.5) (DNA voucher, +NTOU +0), Ryukyu Island, +Japan +, +18 July 2016 +, J. J. Li. + + +Diagnosis +: Detailed diagnoses of adults were provided by +Ng (2002) +(specimens from +Philippines +), +Naruse et al. (2005) +, and +Fujita and Naruse (2016) +(specimens from +Japan +). The females from +Taiwan +generally corresponded to the above description. + + +Description of the first zoeal stage +: Size: CL, mean +0.35 mm +(range +0.30-0.40 mm +; +n += 10) + + +Carapace +( +Fig. 1A +): Lateral spine absent; dorsal spine present, without tubercles, relatively short and curved; rostral spine present, without tubercles, approximately same length as dorsal spine; rostral spine shorter than antennal protopod, without distal spinulation; 1 pair of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; ventral margin smooth and without setae; eyes sessile. + + +Antennule +( +Fig. 1B +): Uniramous, endopod absent; exopod unsegmented with 3 (2 broad and 1 slender) terminal asethetascs and 2 terminal setae. + + +Antenna +( +Fig. 1C +): Protopod longer than antennule and bearing two rows of small lateral spines; endopod absent; exopod elongated, approximately 1/3 of protopod length and with 1 long, 1 short terminal setae and 3 small terminal spines. + + +Mandible +( +Fig. 1D +): Endopod palp absent. + + +Maxillule +( +Fig. 1E +): Epipod seta absent; coxal endite with 6 plumose setae; basial endite with 5 setal processes; endopod 2-segmented, proximal segment with 1 seta, distal segment with 1 subterminal seta and 4 terminal setae; exopod seta absent. + + +Maxilla +( +Fig. 1 F +): Coxal endite bilobed, proximal lobe with 5 setae, distal lobe with 3 setae + 1 rudimentary seta; basial endite bilobed with 5 (1 short simple seta + 4 plumose setae) + 4 plumose setae; endopod with 2 + 3 terminal setae; scaphognathite margin with 4 setae and 1 long stout plumose distal process. + + +First maxilliped +( +Fig. 1G +): Coxa with 1 seta; basis with 10 setae arranged as 2, 2, 3, 3; endopod 5-segmented with 2, 2, 1, 2, 5 (1 subterminal + 4 terminal) setae, and with a cluster long fine setae on the outer side; exopod unsegmented, distal segment with 4 long terminal plumose natatory setae. + + +Second maxilliped +( +Fig. 1H +): Coxa without setae; basis with 4 setae arranged as 1, 1, 1, 1; endopod 3-segmented with 0, 1, 6 (3 subterminal + 3 terminal) setae; exopod unsegmented, distal segment with 4 long terminal plumose natatory setae. + + +Third maxilliped +: Absent. + + +Pereiopods +: Absent. + + +Abdomen +( +Fig. 1I, J +): With 5 somites; somites 2-3 with pair of dorsolateral processes; somites 1-2 with short posterolateral spinous processes, somites 3-5 with subacute posterolateral spinous processes; somites 2-5 with 1 pair of posterodorsal setae; pleopods absent. + + +Telson +( +Fig. 1 +I-K): Telson bifid, curved upward distally; with 1 pair of minute lateral spines; generally spinulated on each furca; posterior margin with 3 pairs of stout spinulate spines. + + +Distribution +: + +Karstama boholano + +has been reported from both northern and southern +Taiwan +; and Panglao Island, +Bohol +, +Philippines +( +type +locality); Ishigaki Island and Tarama-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands; and southwestern +Japan +( +Ng 2002 +; +Naruse et al. 2005 +; +Fujita and Naruse 2016 +). As such, the discovery of this species in +Taiwan +was predicted and is finally confirmed here. + + + +Table 1. +List of species, their catalogue numbers, sampling locality and GenBank accession numbers for gene sequences used in this study + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
No.SpeciesCatalogue numbersSampling localityGenBank numbers of 16S rDNA
1 + +Sesarmoides kruasii + +NMNS 0Ryukyu Island, JapanMK432842
2 + +Karstama boholano + +NMNS 1Green Island, TaiwanMK432843
3 + +Karstama boholano + +ZRC2012.0433-1Bohol, PhilippinesMK432844
4 + +Karstama boholano + +NMNS 2Green Island, TaiwanMK432845
5 + +Karstama boholano + +Paratype TMCDBohol, PhilippinesMK432846
6 + +Karstama boholano + +ZRC2012.0433-2Bohol, PhilippinesMK432847
+ + + +Fig. 1. +Zoea I of + +Karstama boholano +( +Ng, 2002 +) + +from western Green Island, Taitung (NTOU 1), new record genus/species in Taiwan. A, lateral view of carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandible; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, lateral view of abdomen; J, dorsal view of abdomen; K, telson. + + + +Ecological notes +: Two ovigerous female specimens of + +Karstama boholano + +were collected together with ovigerous + +Metasesarma aubryi +(A. Milne Edwards, 1869) + +during their breeding migration. + +Metasesarma aubryi + +is a common crab species from +Taiwan +and adjacent areas, ovigerous females of the species usually release their larvae during the last quarter of the lunar month from July to September (unpublished data). The first female + +K. boholano + +( +Fig. 2A, B +) was found at approximately 03:30 on +September 18, 2014 +, walking under a streetlight. The first author immediately took the crab to the intertidal zone and allowed it to release its free-swimming zoeae into the sea (the zoeae were not collected). The second female ( +Fig. 2C, D +) was found at 20:00 on +September 17, 2017 +. A Green Island resident collected the ovigerous female in a container filled with seawater, and the free-living zoeae were released between 03:00 and 05:00. We believe that the larval release time and rhythm follow a lunar rhythm, peaking in September. A third female ( +Fig. 2E +) was collected from the corrosion cleft on the limestone located in the coastal forest of +KTNP +, which the literature ( +Ng 2002 +; +Naruse et al. 2005 +; +Fujita and Naruse 2016 +) suggests is not a typical cavernicolous environment ( +Fig. 2F +). + + + +Fig. 2. + +Karstama boholano +( +Ng, 2002 +) + +, associated with the habitat in Taiwan, females. A, B, western Green Island, Taitung (NTOU 1); C, D, eastern Green Island, Taitung (NTOU 2); E, Kenting National Park, Pingtung (NTOU 3); F, natural habitat. A, C, E, dorsal view; B, frontal view, laying eggs before larvae released; D, ventral view. + + + +Remarks +: +Fujita and Naruse (2016: 26 +, +Fig. 3 +) provide a clear description of female vulvae morphology based on Japanese material, which is a diagnostic character that can be compared to the Taiwanese material. The material in both areas had the same characters: the vulvae’s central operculum protruded in a cone shape and there was no raised sternal vulvar cover ( +Fig. 3A, B +). On the other congener species, the central operculum was mostly rounded ( +Wowor and Ng 2009 +). In addition, our data revealed that the female + +K. boholano + +from +Taiwan +has a larger body (average cw. +19.6 mm +, +n += 3) than specimens from Panglao (average cw. 13.0 mm, +n += 6) and Okinawa (average cw. +16.7 mm +, +n += 3) (measurements of females from +Ng 2002 +; +Naruse et al. 2005 +; +Fujita and Naruse 2016 +). + + +Molecular analyses +: + +Karstama boholano + +had belonged to the genus + +Sesarmoides + +; therefore, + +S. kruasii + +was chosen as the outgroup in this study. The result revealed that all the specimens collected from Green Island or the +Philippines +emerged from the same branch of + +K. boholano + +. Moreover, the intra-specific threshold was around 0 to 0.5% divergence of K2P distances, and the threshold between the two genera was shown to be 41.3% in this study (Table 2). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/6B/AB/13/6BAB13AD9AC35E65B0EE6DC8877A0EEC.xml b/data/6B/AB/13/6BAB13AD9AC35E65B0EE6DC8877A0EEC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a824e22b6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/data/6B/AB/13/6BAB13AD9AC35E65B0EE6DC8877A0EEC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1309 @@ + + + +A field survey on the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia, Megophryidae) confirms underestimated diversity in the Gaoligong Mountains, with the description of a new species + + + +Author + +Wu, Yun-He +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 05282, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar + + + +Author + +Yu, Zhong-Bin +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 05282, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar + + + +Author + +Chen, Jin-Min +0000-0001-6432-7721 +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Kilunda, Felista Kasyoka +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Ding-Can +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Zuo, Chang-Sheng +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Zuo, An-Ru +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Duan, Zheng-Pan +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Che, Jing +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 05282, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2024 + +2024-07-25 + + +100 + + +3 + + +1041 +1052 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.100.127635 +0ADBE147-7D99-45EC-A77D-9520BB1B7A9A + + + + + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis +Wu, Yu, Chen & Che + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 +, +4 +, +Table 2 + + + + +Chresonymy. + + + +Megophrys +sp + +17., +Chen et al. 2017 +. + + + + +Type material. + + + + +Holotype + +: + +KIZ +053848 + +, an +adult male +collected from +Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve +, +Yingjiang County +, +Yunnan +, +China +( + +24.563 ° N +, +97.639 ° E + +; + +elevation +1478 m +a. s. l. + +), collected by +Zhong-Bin Yu +, +Dong An +, +Tian-En Chen +, and +Xian-Kun Huang +on + +12 August 2023 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes + +: + +KIZ +048503 + +– + +KIZ +048505 + +, +three adult males +, from +Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve +, +Yingjiang County +, +Yunnan +, +China +( + +24.546 ° N +, +97.759 ° E + +; elevation + +809 m + +a. s. l.), collected by +Jin-Min Chen +and +Mian Hou +on + +11 August 2013 + + +; + + +KIZ +053828 + +, +one adult male +, collected at the same locality and with the same collection information as the holotype + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet “ yingjiang ” is a Latinized adjective derived from the name of Yingjiang County, +Yunnan Province +, +China +, where the new species occurs. We propose the English common name “ Yingjiang horned toad ” and the Chinese common name “ Yíng Jiāng Jiǎo Chán (盈江角蟾) ”. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +differs from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) medium adult size, adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +(N = 5); (2) head slightly longer than wide; (3) tympanum distinct, narrow anteriorly, slightly widening posteriorly; (4) pupil vertically elliptical; (5) vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth present; (6) tongue large, oval-shaped, feebly notched posteriorly; (7) relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +; (8) the heels slightly overlapping when the tibias are positioned at right angles to the body axis; (9) tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril; (10) lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow; (11) toes with rudimentary webbing; (12) inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate; (13) a distinct narrow ‘ \ / ’ - shaped parietoscapular ridge present; (14) flesh pink ventral surface of thighs. + + + + + +Description of the +holotype + + + + +(measurements in Table +2 +). + + +KIZ + +053848, mature male, sized medium body ( +SVL +45.0 mm); head moderate ( +HDL +/ +SVL +39.6 %, +HDW +/ +SVL +38.9 %), slightly longer than wide ( +HDW +/ +HDL +98.3 %); snout obtusely rounded in dorsal view, obtusely projecting beyond the lower jaw in profile, without rostral appendage; triangular in dorsal view; top of head flat; loreal region vertical and concave; canthus rostralis angular; eyes large ( +ED +/ +HDL +31.5 %); eye less than twice as long as maximum tympanum diameter ( +ED +/ +TD +207.4 %) and shorter than snout length ( +SNT +6.8 mm +, +ED +/ +SNT +82.4 %); tympanum distinct, circular in shape, relatively small ( +TD +/ +HDL +15.2 %), with upper border concealed by supratympanic ridge; eye-tympanum distance (TYE +3.3 mm +) longer than tympanum diameter ( +TD +2.7 mm +); nostril rounded, laterally positioned, nostril closer to the tip of snout than to the anterior corner of the eye ( +SN +/ +DNE +81.6 %); internarial distance greater than interorbital distance ( +IND +/ +IOD +109.4 %) and width of upper eyelid ( +IND +/ +UEW +126.1 %); pineal ocellus absent; vomerine teeth in two oblique series, positioned between choanae, separated from each other by distance equal to distance from choanae; maxillary teeth present; choanae oval; tongue large, oval-shaped, feebly notched posteriorly; single internal vocal sac, with a sac slit opening on floor of mouth at each corner; pupil vertically elliptical (Fig. +3 B +). + + + + + + +Measurements (in mm) of the type series of + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +Bold font and an asterisk (*) indicate the holotype. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +KIZ +053848 * + +KIZ +053828 + +KIZ +048503 + +KIZ +048504 + +KIZ +048505 +
Sex♂♂♂♂♂
+SVL + +45.0 +49.846.844.647.9
+HDL + +17.8 +17.617.918.418.2
+HDW + +17.5 +17.516.417.317.4
+SNT + +6.8 +7.06.57.07.1
+ED + +5.6 +5.75.26.05.8
+IOD + +5.3 +4.75.35.34.9
+UEW + +4.6 +5.24.54.95.2
+IND + +5.8 +6.15.75.65.8
+DNE + +3.8 +3.23.43.43.4
+SN + +3.1 +2.93.03.13.5
+TD + +2.7 +3.24.33.33.3
TYE +3.3 +3.03.12.63.1
+FHL + +23.3 +23.522.822.521.8
+FAL + +10.8 +10.910.010.09.9
+HL + +12.5 +12.612.812.512.0
+LAD + +4.3 +4.64.34.13.9
FLI +5.9 +6.13.83.84.1
FLII +4.5 +5.03.73.13.8
FLIII +8.6 +8.26.15.96.0
FLIV +5.2 +5.44.64.64.0
+HLL + +75.9 +80.476.078.772.6
+THL + +22.3 +25.123.923.020.7
+TL + +23.8 +24.824.025.724.0
+TAL + +32.7 +34.312.312.912.9
+FL + +21.4 +21.620.721.220.4
+ + + + + + +Views of the Holotype +KIZ +053848 in life. +A. +Lateral view; +B. +Lateral view of head; +C. +Dorsal view of hindlimbs; +D. +Ventral view; +E. +Ventral view of hand, and +F. +Ventral view of foot. Photos by Zhong-Bin Yu. + + + +Forelimbs moderately long and thin; forearm not enlarged relative to the upper arm, its length shorter than the hand length ( +FAL +/ +HL +86.4 %); fingers long and narrow, lateral fringes on fingers absent, relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +; tips of all fingers rounded, slightly expanded relative to digit widths, with subcircular pads, terminal grooves absent; no webbing between fingers; subarticular tubercle absent; supernumerary tubercle absent; metacarpal tubercle absent (Fig. +3 E +). + + +Hindlimbs relatively long and thin, thigh length ( +THL +22.3 mm +) shorter than the tibia length ( +TL +23.8 mm +) but slightly longer than the foot length ( +FL +21.4 mm +); the heels slightly overlapping when the tibias are positioned at right angles to the body axis; tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril; toes long and thin, relative toe lengths: I < +II +< +V +< +III +< +IV +; tips of all toes rounded, slightly dilated, terminal grooves absent; notably expanded relative to digit widths forming circular pads; lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow; toes with rudimentary webbing; tarsal fold absent; subarticular tubercle, supernumerary tubercle, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (Fig. +3 F +). + + +Skin of dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs relatively smooth, with very small granules; posterior back densely-distributed with numerous small to medium sized granules and tubercles; flanks with small scattered tubercles (Fig. +3 A +); supratympanic fold distinct, narrow anteriorly, slightly widening posteriorly, extending from the posterior corner of the eye to a level above the insertion of the arm; tympanum skin smooth, tympanic rim slightly elevated relative to skin of temporal region (Fig. +3 B +); two opposing “ +V +” - shaped parietoscapular ridge present on dorsum joined by a ca. +10 mm +long dorsomedial fold in a hourglass-shape; dorsolateral fold absent; a distinct narrow ‘ \ / ’ - shaped parietoscapular ridge present, its two sides extending posteriorly from above tympanum, terminating beyond level of axilla; dorsal surface of thighs, shanks and upper forearms with distinct transverse ridges (Fig. +3 A, C +); ventral surfaces of limbs, throat, chest, and abdomen smooth; pectoral glands small, rounded, slightly raised, closer to the axilla than to the mid-ventral line; femoral gland distinct, extend longitudinally, positioned equidistant from the knee and cloacal opening on rear of each thigh. + + + + +Coloration in life. + + +For the coloration of the +holotype +in life, see Fig. +3 +. Dorsal surface reddish brown, with a complete inverted triangle bordered with a light edge present between eyes; lateral surface of trunk of body and anterior surface of the thighs near the groin pinkish; throat purplish grey with white flecking; chest and anterior half of abdomen purplish grey with yellowish flecking and grey-brown blotches; posterior half of abdomen white with irregular lighter greyish blotches; ventral surface of thighs pinkish; ventral surface of feet and shanks brown-black; brown nuptial pads present on the base of first and second finger; supratympanic fold, light colored, bordered by a black lower margin; iris copper-brown, with tiny dark reticulations spreading from pupil; pectoral and femoral glands creamy white; inner metatarsal tubercle off-white. + + + + +Coloration in preservative. + + +For coloration of the +holotype +in preservative, see Fig. +4 +. After eight months of storage in ethanol, dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and body fading to greyish-brown; slightly darker brown triangular marking between the eyes; two opposing “ +V +” - shaped parietoscapular ridges present on two sides of dorsum becoming less distinct; the ‘ \ / ’ - shaped parietoscapular ridge present dorsum still clear; lateral surfaces of head below supratympanic ridges and canthus rostralis dark brown; supratympanic ridges whitish-cream; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and hindlimbs primarily light greyish-brown; granules and tubercles on posterior half of back and flanks more distinct; throat and chest faded greyish-brown with several scattered white dots; ventral thighs and shank faded to pale yellow, with several dark brown blotches on the anterior thigh and shank; pectoral and femoral glands white; inner metatarsal tubercle still off-white. + + + + + + +Views of the Holotype +KIZ +053848 in preservative. +A. +Dorsal view; +B. +Ventral view; +C. +Lateral view; +D. +Lateral view of head; +E. +Ventral view of hand, and +F. +Ventral view of foot. Photos by Zhong-Bin Yu. + + + + + +Sexual dimorphism. + + +All adult males with nuptial pads covering most of the dorsal surface of the bases of fingers I and II; male with single internal vocal sac (Fig. +5 +), with a sac slit opening on floor of mouth at each corner. + + + + + + +Advertisement calls for Paratype +KIZ +048505. Photo by Jin-Min Chen. + + + + + +Distribution and ecology. + + + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +is only known from the Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Tongbiguan Town, Yingjiang County, +Yunnan +, +China +, and Myitkyina, +Myanmar +(Fig. +1 +). All individuals were discovered in a mountainous area surrounded by shrubland at elevations of approximately +800–1200 m +(Fig. +6 +). This species is in sympatric distribution with + +X. periosa + +, + +X. dehongensis + +, + +X. glandulosa + +, and + +Xenophrys +sp. + +of congeners. In addition, other frog species also found at the site include + +Leptobrachella yingjingensis + +, + +Jingophrys feii + +, and + +Kurixalus yangi + +. + + + + + + +Habitat of + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +at the type locality in Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China. Photo by Zhong-Bin Yu. + + + + + +Comparison. + + +We compared + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +with other congeneric species ( +Ohler et al. 2002 +; +Stuart et al. 2006 +; +Mahony 2011 +; +Mahony et al. 2011 +; +Mahony et al. 2013 +, +2018 +; +2020 +; +Che et al. 2020 +; +Luong et al. 2022 +; +Lyu et al. 2023 +; +Shu et al. 2023 +). + + + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +is obviously different from its four most phylogenetically close congeners ( + +X. dehongensis + +, + +X. auralensis + +, + +X. lekaguli + +, and + +X. takensis + +). It differs from + +X. dehongensis + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +34.8–36.7 mm +, n = 5), metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. two metacarpal tubercles indistinct), tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril (vs. tibio-tarsal articulation reaching posterior corner of eye), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. II <I < +IV +< +III +); from + +X. auralensis + +by medium adult size, adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. large sized species, adult male +SVL +71.0– +76.9 mm +, n = 9), head longer than wide (vs. head wider than long), internarial distance greater than interorbital distance and width of upper eyelid (vs. interorbital distance larger than internarial distance and width of upper eyelid), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. II <I < +IV +< +III +), transverse crossbar in hindlimbs absent (vs. forelimb, dorsal parts of thigh, tibia and foot greyish brown with darker brown bands); from + +X. lekaguli + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +55.6–66.6 mm +, n = 8), head longer than wide (vs. head slightly wider than long), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. IV < +II +<I < +III +); tongue feebly notched posteriorly (vs. tongue unnotched), vertical bar below eye absent (vs. wide, dark vertical bar below eye), transverse crossbar in limbs absent (vs. limbs with narrow dark brown crossbars); from + +X. takensis + +by head longer than wide (vs head wider than long), tongue large, oval-shaped, feebly notched posteriorly (vs. tongue oval, not notched posteriorly), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. IV ≤ II <I < +III +or IV = I < +II +< +III +), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent). + + + +Xenophrys yingjiangensis + +sp. nov. +is different from other congeneric species. The new species differs from + +X. ancrae + +by inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle very weak), pupil horizontally orientated (vs. pupil vertically elliptical), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. I < +II +< +IV +< +III +), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent); from + +X. awuh + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +35.7–41.1 mm +, n = 4), nostril closer to the tip of snout than to the anterior corner of the eye (vs. nostril closer to eye than to snout), vomerine teeth present (vs. absent), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent); from + +X. damrei + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +57.1 mm +, n = 1), head longer than wide (vs head wider than long), nostril closer to the tip of snout than to the anterior corner of the eye (vs. nostril closer to eye than snout), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), male with single internal vocal sac (vs. external vocal sac indistinct); from + +X. dzukou + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +34.2–35.3 mm +, n = 4), nostril closer to the tip of snout than to the anterior corner of the eye (vs. nostril closer to eye than snout), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. webbing absent); from + +X. flavipunctata + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +56.9–68.4 mm +, n = 4), head longer than wide (vs head wider than long), tongue large, oval-shaped, feebly notched posteriorly (vs. tongue moderately large, deeply notched posteriorly), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), transverse crossbar in hindlimbs absent (vs. dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs with distinct mid brown transverse crossbars); from + +X. himalayana + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +68.0– +73.5 mm +, n = 6), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), outer metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. outer metacarpal tubercle weakly developed), transverse crossbar in hindlimbs absent (vs. dorsal surfaces of thighs and shanks with distinct dark brown transverse crossbars); from + +X. megacephala + +by the heels slightly overlapping when the tibias positioned at right angles to the body axis (vs. not meeting), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. IV < +II +<I < +III +); dorsal surface of thighs, shanks and upper forearms with distinct transverse ridges (vs. absent), transverse crossbar in limbs absent (vs. dorsal surface of the fore and hind limbs with faint dark cross bars); from + +X. numhbumaeng + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +33.8–34.6 mm +, n = 2), pupil vertically elliptical (vs. pupil horizontally orientated), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle weak), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent); from + +X. oreocrypta + +by lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), pupil vertically elliptical (vs. pupil horizontally orientated), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle very weak), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. I < +II +< +IV +< +III +); from + +X. oropedion + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +32.8–39.6 mm +, n = 7), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct); from + +X. pangdaensis + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +17.9–22.2 mm +, n = 6), tympanum distinct (vs. indistinct), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), transverse crossbar in limbs absent (vs. two dark transverse bands on each forearm, three dark transverse bands on anterior surface of thigh and shank), iris copper-brown (vs. iris orange-red); from + +X. periosa + +by medium adult size, adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. medium adult size, adult male +SVL +71.3–93.8 mm +, n = 12), outer metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. outer metacarpal tubercle weakly developed), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle weakly defined), iris copper-brown (vs. iris very dark orange), transverse crossbar in hindlimbs absent (vs. hindlimbs with distinct transverse crossbars); from + +X. truongsonensis + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +58.8–71.4 mm +, n = 14), internarial distance greater than interorbital distance and width of upper eyelid (vs. internarial distance narrower than interorbital distance but wider than upper eyelid), external vocal sac indistinct (vs. absent), upper lip dark brown (vs. upper lip with a continuous white stripe, running from the nostril to shoulder), hindlimbs (vs. dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs reddish brown with dark crossbars); from + +X. lancangica + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +64.0– +65.4 mm +, n = 3), metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. two metacarpal tubercles indistinct), tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril (vs. tibiotarsal articulation reaching region between nostril and tip of snout), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), transverse crossbar in limbs absent (vs. dorsal limbs with transverse bands), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. II < +IV +<I < +III +); from + +X. glandulosa + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +77.0–81.0 mm, n = 3), head longer than wide (vs head wider than long), tongue large, feebly notched posteriorly (vs. tongue distinctly notched posteriorly), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. moderately wide lateral fringes present on all toes), transverse crossbar in limbs absent in preservative (vs. dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs with distinct brown transverse crossbars in preservative), sides of head smooth (vs. sides of head finely granular); from + +X. monticola + +by vomerine teeth present (vs. vomerine teeth absent), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct), toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. absent), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), pupil vertically elliptical (vs. pupil horizontally orientated), tongue large, feebly notched posteriorly (vs. tongue large, appears rounded posteriorly without notch); from + +X. robusta + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +73.5–83.1 mm +, n = 6), head longer than wide (vs head wider than long), vomerine teeth present (vs. absent), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent); from + +X. medogensis + +by inner metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. distinct), toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. absent), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. I < +II +< +IV +< +III +); dark brown stripe in lower margin of the supratympanic folds absent (vs. lower margin of the supratympanic folds with dark brown stripe); from + +X. major + +by medium adult size, adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. large sized species, adult male +SVL +75.0– +87.5 mm +, n = 12), throat purplish grey with white flecking; chest and anterior half of abdomen purplish grey with yellowish flecking and grey-brown blotches (vs. light-edged wide dark brown stripe extending from posterior edge of mandible onto base of forearms), dorsolateral surface of forearms without blotch (vs. three dark brown blotches on dorsolateral surface of forearms); from + +X. maosonensis + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +66.2 mm +, n = 1), metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. two metacarpal tubercles indistinct), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. I < +II +< +IV +< +III +), tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril (vs. tibio-tarsal articulation reaching center of eye), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct); from + +X. mangshanensis + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +60.4–71.6 mm +, n = 10), metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. two metacarpal tubercles indistinct), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. II <I < +IV +< +IIII +), tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril (vs. tibio-tarsal articulation reaching center of eye), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. absent), inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate, ca. one and a half times longer than wide (vs. inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct); from + +X. zhangi + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +32.5–40.0 mm, n = 7), metacarpal tubercle absent (vs. two metacarpal tubercles indistinct), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. I < +II +< +IV +< +III +), tibio-tarsal articulation of straightened limb reaching the nostril (vs. tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior corner of eye), toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. absent); from + +X. zunhebotoensis + +by adult male +SVL +44.6–49.8 mm +, n = 5 (vs. adult male +SVL +28.4–33.9 mm +, n = 23), vomerine teeth present (vs. absent), lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. absent), the heels slightly overlapping when the tibias positioned at right angles to the body axis (vs. meeting); absent (vs. dense orange speckling on chest and anterior abdomen); from + +X. serchhipii + +by lateral dermal fringes on toes distinct, narrow (vs. absent), relative finger lengths: II < +IV +<I < +III +(vs. IV <I = II < +III +), two opposing “ +V +” - shaped parietoscapular ridge present on dorsum joined by a ca. +10 mm +long dorsomedial fold in a hourglass-shape (vs. unconnected inverted “ +V +” - shaped sacral ridge). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/97/BA/43/97BA43CF8F375BAF83216F8383389AF5.xml b/data/97/BA/43/97BA43CF8F375BAF83216F8383389AF5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9da7bcfa14a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/97/BA/43/97BA43CF8F375BAF83216F8383389AF5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Author + +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands + + + +Author + +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-25 + + +1208 + + +1 +48 + + + +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 + + + + + +Paramixogaster huoi +Reemer + +nom. nov. + + + + +Figs 11 +, +60–66 + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster trifasciatus + +Huo & Zhao in +Zhao & Huo, 2022: 4 +; primary homonym of + + +Paramixogaster trifasciatus +Ssymank & Reemer, 2016: 404 + + +. + + + + + + + + +Studied type specimens. + + + + +Holotype + +of + +Paramixogaster trifasciatus +Huo & Zhao. + +CHINA +• +1 ♂ +, +Guangdong +, +Shenzhen City +, +Wutong Mountains +; + +114 ° 21 ' E +, +22 ° 57 ' N + +; + +927 m +above sea level + +; + +25 April 2020 + +; +Zuqi Mai +leg.; coll. + +SUHC + +[only photos studied]. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Only male known. Body length: +7 mm +. It belongs to the group of species with lateral bulges on the frons (Figs +63 +, +64 +). From + +P. fujianensis + +it differs by tergite 2 being <2 × as long as wide (> 2 × as long as wide in + +P. fujianensis + +). From + +P. icariiformis + +it differs by the presence of fasciae of golden setulae along the posterior margins of tergites 3 and 4 (absent in + +P. icariiformis + +). There is a continuous fascia of golden setulae along the mesoscutal transverse suture, and also along the posterior margin of the scutum, and there are fasciae of golden setulae along the posterior margins of tergites 3 and 4 (Figs +60–62 +). These fasciae are not as dense and sharply demarcated as in + +P. kodaiana +Sankararaman & Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +, but more similar to those in + +P. sulawesiana +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +From the latter species, + +P. huoi +Reemer + +, +nom. nov. +differs by the colouration of the face, which is yellow with a vaguely darker median vitta (mostly dark with lateral margins yellow in + +P. sulawesiana +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +), and the wing venation: the apex of R +2 + 3 +is situated at approximately the same level as the joint of M +1 +with R +4 + 5 +. (more distal than joint of M +1 +with R + +4 + +5 in + + +P. sulawesiana +Reemer + +, +sp. nov. +). + + + + +Notes. + + +The name + +Paramixogaster trifasciatus + +was already used by +Ssymank and Reemer (2016) +for an African species. When Huo and Zhao (in +Zhao and Huo 2022 +) described a new species from +China +under the same name, a primary homonym was created. As a replacement name, + +Paramixogaster huoi +Reemer + +, +nom. nov. +is proposed here, in honour of Ke-Ke Huo, one of the original authors, who was kind enough to provide photographs of the +holotype +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9E/90/BD/9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF.xml b/data/9E/90/BD/9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF.xml index 99fa36c28de..33f09f4c282 100644 --- a/data/9E/90/BD/9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF.xml +++ b/data/9E/90/BD/9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF.xml @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ - - - -Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) - - -Author + + +Author -Reemer, Menno -Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands - - -Author + + +Author -Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan -0000-0002-5244-9833 -Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-07-25 + +2024 + +2024-07-25 - -1208 + +1208 - -1 -48 + +1 +48 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 -5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 @@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ Label 1: “ // det. Sankararaman & Reemer ”. - + Paratype @@ -126,24 +128,21 @@ Label 1: “ . India - • - 1 ♀ ; -Kodaikanal +Kodaikanal , -Pulney Hills, S. -India +Pulney Hills +, +S. India ; 1980 m asl [ - -6500 ft. - +6500 ft. ]; April – May 1953 @@ -154,7 +153,9 @@ leg.; USNM -[unique specimen identifier USNMENT 01541882] +[unique specimen identifier +USNMENT 01541882 +] . @@ -310,9 +311,7 @@ L.). Distribution. -Only known from the -type -locality in +Only known from the type locality in Tamil Nadu , southern India @@ -324,9 +323,7 @@ locality in Etymology. -This species is named after the -type -locality, Kodaikanal (nicknames ‘ Princess of hill stations’), which is located in upper Palani hills of +This species is named after the type locality, Kodaikanal (nicknames ‘ Princess of hill stations’), which is located in upper Palani hills of Tamil Nadu . The epithet is a noun in apposition. diff --git a/data/AD/F2/DC/ADF2DCD16D74561F8D042098B1AE2F76.xml b/data/AD/F2/DC/ADF2DCD16D74561F8D042098B1AE2F76.xml index dccce511fec..4d4f74f020b 100644 --- a/data/AD/F2/DC/ADF2DCD16D74561F8D042098B1AE2F76.xml +++ b/data/AD/F2/DC/ADF2DCD16D74561F8D042098B1AE2F76.xml @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ - - - -Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) - - -Author + + +Author -Reemer, Menno -Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands - - -Author + + +Author -Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan -0000-0002-5244-9833 -Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-07-25 + +2024 + +2024-07-25 - -1208 + +1208 - -1 -48 + +1 +48 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 -5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 @@ -94,16 +96,13 @@ - + Paramixogaster contractus (Brunetti) – - Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a -: 145 - -. +: 145. @@ -143,14 +142,16 @@ Studied type specimens. - + Holotype of + Microdon contractus Brunetti, 1923 + . India @@ -162,13 +163,7 @@ leg.; NHMUK -. Label 1 (round, red-bordered): “ -Holotype -”; label 2: “ Deesa // P. T. O // 3. 97. ”; label 3: “ -India -: // Pres. by // -Col. C. G. Nurse. -// 1922 309. ”; label 4: “ +. Label 1 (round, red-bordered): “ Holotype ”; label 2: “ Deesa // P. T. O // 3. 97. ”; label 3: “ India: // Pres. by // Col. C. G. Nurse. // 1922 309. ”; label 4: “ Microdon @@ -182,35 +177,33 @@ leg.; - + Holotype of + Microdon subpetiolatus Thompson, 2020 + . Sri Lanka • 1 ♂ ; coll. - -USNM - -. -Label -1: “ +USNM +. Label 1: “ SRI LANKA -: Rat. Dist. // Singharaja forest // +: Rat. Dist. // +Singharaja forest +// 5 VIII 1973 600 ft. -// Ginter Ekis ”; label 2: “ collected // in Malaise // trap ”; label 3 (large, orange): “ -Holotype -// +// Ginter Ekis ”; label 2: “ collected // in Malaise // trap ”; label 3 (large, orange): “ Holotype // Microdon @@ -218,7 +211,11 @@ of subpetiolatus -// Thompson ‘ 19 ”; label 4 (with QR-code): “ USNMENT // 01541885 ”. +// Thompson ‘ 19 ”; label 4 (with QR-code): “ +USNMENT +// +01541885 +”. @@ -231,17 +228,17 @@ of Thompson, 2020 . Sri Lanka • - + 1 ♂ ; coll. - -USNM - -. -Label -1: “ +USNM +. Label 1: “ SRI LANKA -: Tri. Dist. // Trincomalee, China // Bay Ridge Bungalow // 0–100 ’, +: +Tri. Dist. +// Trincomalee, China // +Bay Ridge Bungalow +// 0–100 ’, 13–17 - V- 1976 @@ -267,7 +264,11 @@ of subpetiolatus -// FCT- 2010 ”; label 5 (with QR-code): “ USNMENT // 01541884 ” +// FCT- 2010 ”; label 5 (with QR-code): “ +USNMENT +// +01541884 +” . diff --git a/data/AF/AC/C0/AFACC0ECE77C587584F688E125CBD196.xml b/data/AF/AC/C0/AFACC0ECE77C587584F688E125CBD196.xml index 0746d523ed7..c1017e38b0c 100644 --- a/data/AF/AC/C0/AFACC0ECE77C587584F688E125CBD196.xml +++ b/data/AF/AC/C0/AFACC0ECE77C587584F688E125CBD196.xml @@ -1,47 +1,49 @@ - - - -Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) - - -Author + + +Author -Reemer, Menno -Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands - - -Author + + +Author -Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan -0000-0002-5244-9833 -Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2024 - -2024-07-25 + +2024 + +2024-07-25 - -1208 + +1208 - -1 -48 + +1 +48 -journal article -10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 -5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 - + @@ -114,10 +116,8 @@ ( Doleschall, 1857 ) – - - + Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a - : 145 . @@ -155,10 +155,8 @@ Thompson and Vockeroth 1989: 439 ; - - + Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a - : 145 . @@ -224,34 +222,43 @@ leg.; . - + Paratypes of of + Paramixogaster wegneri -Keiser. +Keiser + +. Indonesia - • - 5 ♂ ; -Ambon +Ambon ; 5 different collection dates: - -29 Oct. 1960 + +29 Oct. 1960 + , -23 Nov. 1960 + +23 Nov. 1960 + , -8 Dec. 1960 + +8 Dec. 1960 + , -12 Dec. 1960 + +12 Dec. 1960 + , -11 Jan. 1961 - + +11 Jan. 1961 + ; A. M. R. Wegner leg.; @@ -267,7 +274,7 @@ leg.; Additional specimens. - + Indonesia • 2 ♂ @@ -284,10 +291,12 @@ leg.; RMNH + ; + 1 ♀ ; -Buru +Buru ; 8 Dec. 1921 @@ -310,17 +319,21 @@ leg.; • - + 1 ♀ ; West Papua -, Fak-Fak; +, +Fak-Fak +; A. E. Pratt leg.; NHMUK -[013933418] +[ +013933418 +] . @@ -432,9 +445,7 @@ is known. However, the description and illustration of this species from Ambon by Doleschall (1857) -correspond well to the studied -type -specimens of +correspond well to the studied type specimens of Paramixogaster wegneri @@ -448,9 +459,7 @@ does not mention P. indica -, so probably he was unaware of it. Based on the descriptions and illustrations, these taxa share the following characters: postpedicel 4–6 × longer than scape, face, and vertex partly yellow, mesoscutum black, wing with infuscate apex, tergite 2 narrowest at base and with two apically diverging yellow vittae, tergites 3 and 4 black with yellow hind margins. Based on these similarities and the shared -type -locality ( +, so probably he was unaware of it. Based on the descriptions and illustrations, these taxa share the following characters: postpedicel 4–6 × longer than scape, face, and vertex partly yellow, mesoscutum black, wing with infuscate apex, tergite 2 narrowest at base and with two apically diverging yellow vittae, tergites 3 and 4 black with yellow hind margins. Based on these similarities and the shared type locality ( Ambon ), diff --git a/data/D6/1B/72/D61B722AD0EE5A56BA6F007362EC9651.xml b/data/D6/1B/72/D61B722AD0EE5A56BA6F007362EC9651.xml index 0d055ddcce0..bb4005e1587 100644 --- a/data/D6/1B/72/D61B722AD0EE5A56BA6F007362EC9651.xml +++ b/data/D6/1B/72/D61B722AD0EE5A56BA6F007362EC9651.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -The pseudoscorpion genus Nipponogarypus (Pseudoscorpiones, Olpiidae) found in seashore habitats in Japan and Korea + + + +The pseudoscorpion genus Nipponogarypus (Pseudoscorpiones, Olpiidae) found in seashore habitats in Japan and Korea - - -Author + + +Author -Jeong, Kyung-Hoon -Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea & National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea & Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea +Jeong, Kyung-Hoon +Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea & National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea & Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea - - -Author + + +Author -Harms, Danilo -0000-0002-7189-5345 -Lab of Insect Phylogenetics & Evolution, Department of Plant Protection & Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea & Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia +Harms, Danilo +0000-0002-7189-5345 +Lab of Insect Phylogenetics & Evolution, Department of Plant Protection & Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea & Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia - - -Author + + +Author -Yoo, Jung-Sun -0000-0002-3243-2006 -National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea +Yoo, Jung-Sun +0000-0002-3243-2006 +National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea -text - - -Zoosystematics and Evolution +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution - -2024 - -2024-07-25 + +2024 + +2024-07-25 - -100 + +100 - -3 + +3 - -1053 -1060 + +1053 +1060 -journal article -10.3897/zse.100.123213 -CF91D7F2-FC99-431C-AD78-6C5CB1DB1E9D +journal article +10.3897/zse.100.123213 +CF91D7F2-FC99-431C-AD78-6C5CB1DB1E9D - + Nipponogarypus seosanensis Jeong & Harms @@ -67,20 +67,22 @@ Jeong & Harms Type material. - + Holotype . -Female -(NUHGIV 0000001225). +Female +( +NUHGIV 0000001225 +). Korea : -Chungcheongnam-province +Chungcheongnam-province : -Ganwoldo +Ganwoldo 1 – gil, Buseok-myeon , @@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ leg. + Paratypes @@ -108,8 +111,10 @@ leg. One female and two males -(NUHGIV 0000001228), same data as -holotype +( +NUHGIV 0000001228 +), same data as holotype + . diff --git a/data/D9/1A/88/D91A88F318DF511CAD08FA7DDB9EB48D.xml b/data/D9/1A/88/D91A88F318DF511CAD08FA7DDB9EB48D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac31690ab02 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D9/1A/88/D91A88F318DF511CAD08FA7DDB9EB48D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ + + + +Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) + + + +Author + +Reemer, Menno +Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands + + + +Author + +Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan +0000-0002-5244-9833 +Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-25 + + +1208 + + +1 +48 + + + +journal article +300256 +10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829 +53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d +5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4 + + + + + +Paramixogaster brunettii +Reemer in Reemer & Ståhls, 2013 + + + + + +Figs 29–31 + + + + + + + +Mixogaster vespiformis + +Brunetti, 1913: 169 +. +Holotype +♂ +: +India +( + +ZSI + +) [photographs studied] (secondary homonym of + +Microdon vespiformis + +de Meijere, 1908 + + +, see + +Reemer and Ståhls 2013 a + +). + + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster vespiformis + +(Brunetti) – +Brunetti 1923: 320 +; + +Knutson et al. 1975: 373 + +. + + + + + + + + + +Paramixogaster brunettii +Reemer, +2013 in + +Reemer & Ståhls, 2013 a: 144. + + + + + + +Studied type specimens. + + + + +Holotype + +of + + +Mixogaster vespiformis +Brunetti, 1913 + + +. +India +• +1 ♂ +; N. E. +Assam +, +Dibrugarh +; + +17–19 Nov. 1911 + +; + +ZSI + +. Label 1: “ Ind. Mus. // Dibrugarh // N. E. Assam // Abor Exped // 17–19 - XI- 11. // +Kemp +[printed vertically on left side of label] ”; label 2: “ + +Mixogaster + +// + +vespiformis + +// Brun. Typ. +♀ +”; label 3: “ Paramixogas- // ter. // + +vespiformis + +// Brun Type +♀ +// det. +Brun. +1923 ”; label 4: “ 2177 // [illegible 2 digit code] ” [digital images studied]. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Only male known. Body length: +8 mm +. A reddish-brown species with lateral bulges on the frons. From most other species with lateral bulges on the frons, it differs by the combination of the following characters: tergite 2 less than twice as long as wide, mesoscutum without fascia of golden setulae along transverse suture. This species is most similar to + +P. halmaherensis + +and + +P. yunnanensis + +, but differs because the mesoscutum is reddish with a median black vitta of ~ 1 / 3 of the width of the scutum (mostly dark brown to blackish in the other two species), and tergite 2 is reddish at least on the apical 1 / 2 (at most narrowly reddish along posterior margin in the other two species). + + + + +Notes. + + + +Mixogaster vespiformis +Brunetti, 1913 + +was included in + +Paramixogaster + +by +Brunetti (1923) +. The species name became a secondary homonym when + +Microdon vespiformis +de Meijere, 1908 + +was transferred to + +Paramixogaster + +by +Reemer and Ståhls (2013 a +), who introduced the replacement name + +Paramixogaster brunettii +Reemer, 2013 + +. The type specimen itself has not been studied by the authors, but digital images were kindly provided by Jeroen van Steenis. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Only known from +Assam +( +India +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F3/6F/A9/F36FA9FCCB2451AFA3249D9A43D0F7BD.xml b/data/F3/6F/A9/F36FA9FCCB2451AFA3249D9A43D0F7BD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6ea6eb388ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F3/6F/A9/F36FA9FCCB2451AFA3249D9A43D0F7BD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ + + + +The pseudoscorpion genus Nipponogarypus (Pseudoscorpiones, Olpiidae) found in seashore habitats in Japan and Korea + + + +Author + +Jeong, Kyung-Hoon +Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea & National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea & Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea + + + +Author + +Harms, Danilo +0000-0002-7189-5345 +Lab of Insect Phylogenetics & Evolution, Department of Plant Protection & Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea & Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia + + + +Author + +Yoo, Jung-Sun +0000-0002-3243-2006 +National Institute of Biological Resources, Species Diversity Research Division, Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2024 + +2024-07-25 + + +100 + + +3 + + +1053 +1060 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.100.123213 +CF91D7F2-FC99-431C-AD78-6C5CB1DB1E9D + + + + +Genus + +Nipponogarypus +Morikawa, 1955 + + + + + +Type species. + + + +Nipponogarypus enoshimaensis +Morikawa, 1955 + +, by original designation. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Nipponogarypus + +can be distinguished from other olpiid genera known to occur in +East Asia +as follows: from + +Beierolpium +Heurtault, 1977 + +, by trichobothrium + +st + +positioned distal to + +sb + +in + +Nipponogarypus + +and dorsal to + +sb + +in + +Beierolpium + +( +Harvey 1988 +; +Harvey and Leng 2008 +); from + +Euryolpium +Redikorzev, 1938 + +, by trichobothria + +it + +, + +isb + +, + +esb + +, and + +eb + +not clustered in + +Nipponogarypus + +but clustered in the latter. + +Nipponogarypus + +also shows similar characteristics to + +Olpium +Koch, 1873 + +, and + +Indolpium +Hoff, 1945 + +. However, + +Nipponogarypus + +can be distinguished from + +Indolpium + +by the position of trichobothria + +st + +and + +isb + +. In + +Indolpium + +, trichobothrium + +isb + +is situated proximally to trichobohtorium + +st + +( +Murthy and Ananthakrishnan 1977 +). However, in + +Nipponogarypus + +, trichobothrium + +isb + +is situated distally from + +st + +. Furthermore, + +Nipponogarypus + +an easily be distinguised from + +Olpium + +by the length of its venom ducts. + +Olpium + +has long venom ducts that extend to trichobothrium +t +, whereas + +Nipponogarypus + +’ venom ducts only extend to half of trichobothrium +t +( +Mahnert 1991 +; +Nassirkhani 2015 +). + +Nipponogarypus + +is morphologically most similar to + +Olpiolum +Beier, 1931 + +, and both have trichobothrium + +est + +positioned in the middle of the fixed finger; + +ist + +positioned between + +est + +and + +isb + +; + +isb + +, + +esb + +, and + +eb + +grouped together; and + +sb + +positioned closer to +b +than + +st + +. However, + +Nipponogarypus + +differs from + +Olpiolum + +by tergal chaetotaxy (four to six setae on the middle tergites in + +Nipponogarypus + +, always six setae on the middle tergites in + +Olpiolum + +) and the number of pseudotactile seta (two setae present in + +Nipponogarypus + +, one seta in + +Olpiolum + +) ( +Muchmore 1986 +). + + + + +Remarks. + + +Subspecies are a rare concept in pseudoscorpion taxonomy since recognizable morphological divergences between populations are usually associated with morphological species. Unfortunately, Morikawa had the habit of designating subspecies (and subgenera) when morphological divergences were seen by him as too minor to warrant species- or genus status for any given taxon (e. g., +Morikawa 1960 +). Pseudoscorpion taxonomy has advanced significantly in the past decades, and we are now aware that minor morphological divergences in cryptic lineages such as pseudoscorpions are generally indicative of species status (e. g., +Hlebec et al. 2024 +; +Muster et al. 2024 +). Following the recent example set by +You et al. (2022) +, who elevated all subterranean subspecies of the genus + +Spelaeochthonius + +(family +Pseudotyrannochthoniidae +) in +Japan +and +Korea +to species status, we also elevate Morikawa’s subspecies of + +Nipponogarypus enoshimaensis + +to species rank. Unfortunately, this taxonomic act needs to be done without reexamining the primary types that are held at +Ehime +University but are difficult to access and in poor condition (slide-mounted specimens in dried and contracted Hoyer’s solution; see +You et al. 2022 +). However, Morikawa’s diagnoses are clear and reiterated here: + +N. enoshimaensis okinoerabensis + +is elevated to species rank as + +N. okinoerabensis + + +stat. nov +. + +, and this name refers to specimens from the Ryuku and Satsunan Islands that have relatively short body appendages (pedipalpal femur length +0.48 mm +, pedipalpal patella length +0.45 mm +) and two pseudotacticle hairs that are equal in size on the palpal femur. The subspecies + +N. enoshimaensis enoshimaensis +sensu +Morikawa (1960) + +actually refers to + +N. enoshimaensis +sensu +Morikawa (1955) + +and is here recognized in its original form, + +N. enoshimaensis + +. This is a rather widespread morphospecies with records from Honshu and Shikoku (Fig. +1 +) that has slightly longer body appendages than + +N. okinoerabensis + +(pedipalpal femur length +0.52–0.59 mm +, pedipalpal patella length +0.57 mm +) and unequal pseudotactile hairs (proximal hair smaller than distal hairs). A full description of both species is available in +Morikawa (1960) +. Following this taxonomic act, the genus + +Nipponogarypus + +now contains three morphospecies that are found along the coastlines of the Korean Peninsula and +Japan +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file