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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="291557" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b5beb84-6801-434b-98a5-61d2ed081c8f" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" checkinTime="1706569701263" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner &amp; Andreas Gygax" docDate="2018" docId="A6C94750DA29A7CFAC3DB5F3D395F171" docLanguage="de" docName="FloraHelv.Boraginaceae.xml" docOrigin="Flora Helvetica, Bern: Haupt Verlag" docTitle="Pulmonaria obscura Dumort." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="87D622433E774E3FBDE9589C32C04A0A" lastPageNumber="812" masterDocId="F55C98139DADEF21DA2EA371FFFD6D46" masterDocTitle="Flora Helvetica - Boraginaceae" masterLastPageNumber="822" masterPageNumber="800" pageNumber="812" updateTime="1711157827691" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="ECB0DCC1B0E5A9C8FF4B57D8A5786444" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A01465692DEB2219471422728CC01C6C">
<mods:title id="832F429D4274FACA69C713EB16B1B65D">Flora Helvetica - Boraginaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AA501E9AA52656F1DA6B1C6D53ACEBBB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7D4F93C0A87033A77701971E3D6472A8">
<mods:roleTerm id="FD7480D7B7C1A532A7172EAE89EE2544">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C426B1911587ED18F2933423330912F">Konrad Lauber</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="29173215B0D1B14F1BE39C796912A2E6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A7C210A4E50055B6389CDD5B4F171DD3">
<mods:roleTerm id="B6A4458519D9EAC0DC93C3739832F76A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="66E5C56FF569C4D0BACAD573CE0E78B7">Gerhart Wagner</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CDD3078E051811A54886090DD3163F1E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="028054D1DEC51A0B7ED632E9F8EED24A">
<mods:roleTerm id="2F29017CC7779D34339D46EED7378A81">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8A049FD4A79A3A8627065A31E8C7EFDA">Andreas Gygax</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0D7989E95324E001EA685B4ED7A99008">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="13E717D1F2091C9995EFA1034A9B85C1" type="host">
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<mods:dateIssued id="728A5D464F3B233F5E67A606C37BB425">2018</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="0220C65EED7650CB78B85CEC9562A525">Haupt Verlag</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="36AB77D985F057C9553F20E9D607734E">
<mods:placeTerm id="0588536E7F0418BB3C15CBD94C5FC650">Bern</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="68535C95DD37BEEB3DB82FF66A53FC89">
<mods:title id="3C33EAC089609521CA1001031B2169D3">Flora Helvetica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:extent id="46C855E33C3D635CA991EEFE026873FC" unit="page">
<mods:start id="64202C6C305A063B67182C2E9BE19D12">800</mods:start>
<mods:end id="14A830CBE98D402A17CF7A0AF8AEC63E">822</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="028987742A18D8B391CC11470117B061">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D28D9F28208D88B5D75910172A44CE79" type="ISBN">978-3-258-08047-5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A6C94750DA29A7CFAC3DB5F3D395F171" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10856796" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224052990" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10856796" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6C94750DA29A7CFAC3DB5F3D395F171" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6C94750DA29A7CFAC3DB5F3D395F171" lastPageNumber="812" pageNumber="812">
<subSubSection id="E9E6284779A94C09DD352DA8E3865EF1" pageNumber="812" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F8DAF36FA5FAEAE5C8FA7D58027FD132" pageNumber="812">
<taxonomicName id="3FF8465409E65A3313285F7E98E12C2E" ID-CoL="78PBT" authority="Dumort." authorityName="Dumort." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="21BD98A767889E49915EC787AFDAA29C" italics="true" pageNumber="812">Pulmonaria obscura</emphasis>
Dumort.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3D1EACB3DA94C232691D6D7FC9BBAB32" pageNumber="812" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C5C50F8357FB7ADF3E42BA161D4E074" pageNumber="812">
Artbeschreibung:
<quantity id="A1A14EEEDF5EBA5A6E44F255FF79A5D7" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="806" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10-30 cm</quantity>
hoch. Ausgewachsene
<normalizedToken id="FDFACB9DF29D3B0DC632C677744B5AE8" originalValue="Grundblätter" pageNumber="806">Grundblaetter</normalizedToken>
der seitlichen Triebe (
<normalizedToken id="4FF0E961AC4677872D715835B2AFB542" originalValue="Sommerblätter" pageNumber="806">Sommerblaetter</normalizedToken>
)
<emphasis id="BA8B9DE61803AA5189259529435DA7C1" bold="true" pageNumber="812">
am Grund
<normalizedToken id="4C85E0CE853712B8EE451C7571262623" originalValue="herzförmig" pageNumber="806">herzfoermig</normalizedToken>
oder gerundet
</emphasis>
, meist ungefleckt, selten mit wenigen, undeutlichen Flecken, zwischen den lockerstehenden, bis
<quantity id="6BE869E5629D2B5F84A3A000EB6EDFF9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageNumber="806" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
langen Borsten keine
<quantity id="DC92D49A0E0530D37AC0CDC661508A20" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="806" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.1">0,1-0,5 mm</quantity>
langen Haare, aber mit weniger als
<quantity id="3C42EC2B3A56B4A8CAE4CFA1F2B32E4B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageNumber="806" unit="mm" value="0.1">0,1 mm</quantity>
hohen
<normalizedToken id="22E6E33C273ED49501D502B57CB14CC4" originalValue="Stachelhöckern" pageNumber="806">Stachelhoeckern</normalizedToken>
. Blattstiel meist
<normalizedToken id="5E2C6404CC1D45650AE7E06BD454DE5D" originalValue="länger" pageNumber="806">laenger</normalizedToken>
als Spreite.
<normalizedToken id="A470911F6CEA98BEFCF9F5BB1C1A339D" originalValue="Stängel" pageNumber="806">Staengel</normalizedToken>
mit
<normalizedToken id="A270867E83492FB5DE923A8348EBA1AD" originalValue="wechselständigen" pageNumber="806">wechselstaendigen</normalizedToken>
, lanzettlichen, sitzenden,
<emphasis id="23C22797ECF1A27E12C87AC39AF35FB4" bold="true" pageNumber="812">
ungefleckten
<normalizedToken id="1ED8E8F004A96F11EA8CCCC836FD34A9" originalValue="Blättern" pageNumber="806">Blaettern</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, Spreite
<quantity id="8137FEFBD53DB1580BEF474EF9FCA8EC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageNumber="806" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7-15 cm</quantity>
lang und
<quantity id="96FE04A2D285226AC3C7E6F513169535" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageNumber="806" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4-10 cm</quantity>
breit.
<normalizedToken id="ABAF8FC24D15CA68436C37C67E04898B" originalValue="Blüten" pageNumber="806">Blueten</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="0F58D414A0060F0DB420703064496C44" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageNumber="806" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.0">8-16 mm</quantity>
lang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58AC7AA8F148A379E8761543BBA7B547" pageNumber="812" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0383E5BA2FB84EEADBDF605208EEEDDB" pageNumber="812">
<normalizedToken id="0F8DE67E243E51520304311C5F8275E8" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="806">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 3-5
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43622217B99EDD4B0B870AAA6281719F" pageNumber="812">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz:
<normalizedToken id="4B76BA5AE4C9C02FB002D7E21CBAE40A" originalValue="Laubmischwälder" pageNumber="806">Laubmischwaelder</normalizedToken>
/ kollin-montan / M, J, ANW
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21EB81074BD6677A4EFB07CC85E48C4B" pageNumber="812" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A733BFDF72BB3F5FC5AF68904C04A5C2" pageNumber="812">
Verbreitung global:
<normalizedToken id="159A3952130E122E0A1177A65B38CA3C" originalValue="Europäisch" pageNumber="806">Europaeisch</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3068FDE5C50A2888A486B83ED4A3560" pageNumber="812" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BD191BBAD657818558F37E64E4CBAC47" pageNumber="812">
<normalizedToken id="6B02415D05EEF1933AB722069613A597" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="041700E36A3E8C2F5098C70A7023F946" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="812" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D54CF3B2A1EB07DF0A38CD82B026E008" pageNumber="812">
<table id="B220A7775B5F1B761E1FCDC4758F781B" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="812">
<tr id="33490B652DAFBBC6E90BB3CD2555371B" pageNumber="812">
<th id="A7DB121715AD736D4FB481A788A93652" colspan="2" pageNumber="812">
<emphasis id="48B17337866EEDA6CB9B988BC3ED93AA" bold="true" pageNumber="812">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D62BFBBC003D9B61A1BDF1486ABBD311" colspan="2" pageNumber="812">
<emphasis id="1914A0053656354347DF07F81835850A" bold="true" pageNumber="812">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="A8A632223EBF6CFE129A9E964AA2498D" colspan="2" pageNumber="812">
<emphasis id="93C3556E4BD0332FEC93D0DB98E8AC11" bold="true" pageNumber="812">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8B1A8CED3E1A32FAA5258ADB82401AF6" pageNumber="812">
<td id="751ACBF7BAA858D32403622609B974FC" pageNumber="812">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="C7DD833036D9B62936AA476E2865A77B" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left;width:100px">feucht</td>
<td id="A077BDD1984FD7E1BB9B84FEE24EA08F" pageNumber="812">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="525785C19C9CB1D6A6B6046B738B6868" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left;width:60px">schattig</td>
<td id="14986F0439C095CEB933E4659C078D72" pageNumber="812">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="867DDD788D9C489ACF14FD8A89E82F08" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF7151F8BFE72C4B5306138A4396DADA" pageNumber="812">
<td id="0244CE476F48A2BAC10B1625BBD6214E" pageNumber="812">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="B67E2969DFAB3FC61F6A03B6EB793D6E" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="FE07004524F01F0AFCC2B55A65906D3C" pageNumber="812">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="987CC8BCF283B4EED12E1AE9DC359F74" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left">unter-montan und ober-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C8E06F8E8D89BF5297E33351F53CEC15" pageNumber="812">
<td id="1D9DD3B69CA28E3915B55C0C9F75E543" pageNumber="812">
<normalizedToken id="FA1FE4F57D3826F4C8826A92D845EBA6" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="4DF16414357FB934886968ACD2502E4E" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="CA2503D24FD015E52E7BA2CA07A39E94" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BEB74F50354D032C20D6409267477721" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="02387FA02101B832CD4B61FB9F99C93B" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="821798510B3B43E651657B2D4C74EF79" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="9B341E9B95B77A7069C151D642F7EEF8" pageNumber="812">
<normalizedToken id="F8D3CF92477E6612CA9A76808B94DA4A" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="C7AD324B69A654A188A93113234CA944" pageNumber="812" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FCC8FB061425D3FF9F6AD4C7049B06B" pageNumber="812" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="0607C5BC182F80C2498EF1EAAEBEFFB8" pageNumber="812">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="0CB7A31D03795ACAE409C8E436617871" language="deu" pageNumber="812">
<normalizedToken id="31AA86BB0EB2599D40BDBD9967F00C51" originalValue="Dunkelgrünes">Dunkelgruenes</normalizedToken>
Lungenkraut
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="051E351B097E0E5C7288F88537DB2DCF" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="EC9F367C2CC1C875E801762B54A99E0C" language="fra" pageNumber="812">Pulmonaire sombre</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="D215F237FFC72F416DAF8154A202C056" language="ita" pageNumber="812">Polmonaria scura</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.9069" ID-PMC="PMC4391959" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-46-73" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4A26DD5DFFADE677FFA2A049FFFFFFC2" ID-PubMed="25878551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576272" ModsDocID="1314-2003-46-73" checkinTime="1451251575242" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Deanna, Rocio, Gonzalez, Segundo Leiva &amp; Barboza, Gloria Estela" docDate="2015" docId="A6C9AC9E92675E6F8BE249208C860378" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 46: 73-87" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 46" docPubDate="2015-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.9069" docTitle="Deprea toledoana Barboza 2015, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="4A26DD5DFFADE677FFA2A049FFFFFFC2" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="4A26DD5DFFADE677FFA2A049FFFFFFC2" masterDocTitle="Changes in the circumscription of Deprea (Physalideae, Solanaceae): thirty two new combinations" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668141316567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Changes in the circumscription of Deprea (Physalideae, Solanaceae): thirty two new combinations</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Deanna, Rocio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gonzalez, Segundo Leiva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego de Trujillo, CC 1075, Trujillo, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria Estela</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-02-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>46</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>73</mods:start>
<mods:end>87</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.9069</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.9069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4A26DD5DFFADE677FFA2A049FFFFFFC2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576272</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182228399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6C9AC9E92675E6F8BE249208C860378" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6C9AC9E92675E6F8BE249208C860378" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="9" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName LSID="A6C9AC9E-9267-5E6F-8BE2-49208C860378" authority="(Barboza &amp; S. Leiva) Barboza" authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Deanna &amp; González &amp; Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Deprea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deprea toledoana" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toledoana" status="comb. nov.">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="82" start="start">Deprea</pageBreakToken>
toledoana (Barboza &amp; S.Leiva) Barboza
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="82">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deanna &amp; González &amp; Barboza" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Larnax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larnax toledoana" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toledoana" status="comb. nov.">Larnax toledoana</taxonomicName>
Barboza &amp; S.Leiva, Phytotaxa 167 (1): 16. 2014. Basionym
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="82">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="82">
ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe: [Cerro Toledo], rumbo a Valladolid desde
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanganá">Yangana</normalizedToken>
, al costado de la ruta, 2690 m,
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, 04°26'
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, 16 Nov 2011 (fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="82">C.I.Orozco, G.E.Barboza, A.Orejuela &amp; S.Leiva 3936</emphasis>
(holotype: QCA!; isotypes: CORD! [00006769, 00006770, 00006771], COL!, HAO!).
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Characters of the mesofemora and metatibiae in pelidnotine genera. A Epichalcoplethis aciculata (F. Bates), metatibia somewhat flattened (dorsal view) B Pelidnota virescens, metatibia not flattened (dorsal view) C Mecopelidnota sp., metatibia at base with a semicircular notch D Pseudogeniates cordobaensis Moore et al., metatibia simple at base E Mesomerodon gilletti Soula male, acute production of posterior margin of mesotibia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.666.9191.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/130430" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Epichalcoplethis santistebani Bouchard and Soula holotype male from CCECL. A Dorsal habitus B Male genitalia, dorsal view C Specimen labels." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.666.9191.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/130445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pelidnota sanctijacobi Ohaus (valid name Epichalcoplethis sanctijacobi [Ohaus]) type male from ZMHB. A Dorsal habitus B Lateral habitus C Specimen labels, mouthparts, and male genitalia D Male genitalia, lateral view E Male parameres, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.666.9191.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/130446" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Epichalcoplethis velutipes romeroi Soula holotype male and allotype female from CCECL. A Dorsal habitus, holotype B Specimens labels, holotype C Specimen labels, allotype D Male genitalia dorsal view, holotype E Dorsal habitus, allotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.666.9191.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/130447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelidnota velutipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pelidnota velutipes</emphasis>
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Arrow, 1900.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16 species and subspecies; length 15-19 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Previously considered a subgenus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelidnota" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pelidnota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Epichalcoplethis</emphasis>
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was circumscribed by
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B358" refString="Soula, M, 2006. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 1: Rutelini 1. Revision des Pelidnotina 1 et des Lasiocalina. Une revision des genres Strigidia, Chalcoplethis, Epichalcoplethis, Sorocha, Lasiocala, Minilasiocala, Pseudochlorota, Homeochlorota, Pachacama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: Pelidnotina et Lasiocalina). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 1: Rutelini 1. Revision des Pelidnotina 1 et des Lasiocalina. Une revision des genres Strigidia, Chalcoplethis, Epichalcoplethis, Sorocha, Lasiocala, Minilasiocala, Pseudochlorota, Homeochlorota, Pachacama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: Pelidnotina et Lasiocalina). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2006">Soula (2006)</bibRefCitation>
as distinct from the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Chalcoplethis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcoplethis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chalcoplethis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and composed of 16 species and subspecies.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Chalcoplethis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcoplethis kirbii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chalcoplethis kirbii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares many characters with species of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Epichalcoplethis</emphasis>
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including form of the male genitalia, pronotal bead which is obsolete apicomedially, lack of spinules at apex of metatibia, well-developed prosternal process, and mesometasternal keel surpassing the mesocoxae. Sister-group relationships require examination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Species in the genus
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can be diagnosed, in part, based on the following characters: metatibia weakly compressed (strongly compressed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kirbii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kirbii">
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) and apex lacking spinules; meso- and metatarsomere 5 lacking internomedial tooth; punctate-striate elytra; elytral epipleuron shelf-like (not rounded); pronotum with bead incomplete apically (complete laterally and basally); mandibles that are bidentate externally; prosternal process well-developed; and, mesometasternal keel surpassing the mesocoxae.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Epichalcoplethis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epichalcoplethis chamaeleon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamaeleon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Epichalcoplethis chamaeleon</emphasis>
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(Herbst) differs from other species in the genus based on the form of the male parameres, form of the metatibia in the male (not compressed laterally and apex with a well-developed corbel). For many years, this large and conspicuous species was misidentified as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelidnota rostrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pelidnota rostrata</emphasis>
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Burmeister.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Species in the genus are distributed from Guatemala and Belize, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and south to Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. In Grenada,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. velutipes</emphasis>
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is common in the temperate zone from April to May (
<bibRefCitation author="Chalumeau, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 260" refId="B37" refString="Chalumeau, F, 1985. Les Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) des Antilles. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 58: 231 - 260" title="Les Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) des Antilles." volume="58" year="1985">Chalumeau 1985</bibRefCitation>
). Although the larvae are not described for this species,
<bibRefCitation author="Chalumeau, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 260" refId="B37" refString="Chalumeau, F, 1985. Les Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) des Antilles. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 58: 231 - 260" title="Les Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) des Antilles." volume="58" year="1985">Chalumeau (1985)</bibRefCitation>
noted that he obtained larvae from the decaying trunks of mango trees.
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<subSubSection id="D44B2B09EF757C9EA22F504D3DA8FC51" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D710B4C51EE65DB835794BF7C2AD7131" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="14D1E1704C35F8614A0A7745F10CF26D" LSID="https://zoobank.org/E1BE0BED-DBF9-4190-8CA4-AF15CFC96C41" authority="Irmler, 2024" authorityName="Irmler" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocharodes lituratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituratus" status="sp. nov.">Lithocharodes lituratus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7DB9D3193950715EE5E2C867C694899B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC807D32D874370F4FFE34034C6B8B2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="AED0DABA477091F2ABA5CFE461C6D758" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="DCABADED5875461932737447C6C7A844" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 5 - 8. 5. Lithocharodes hansoni; 6. L. hibbsi; 7. L. lituratus; 8. L. montanus. a. Aedeagus; b. Paramere; c. Sternite VII; d. Tergite VII. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c, d); 0.1 mm (b)." figureDoi="10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543.figures5-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/975716" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 7a-d</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E6E9499527E55F29CD638659BB6188CB" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 20. A. Fore-body of Lithocharodes lituratus; B. L. montanus; C. L. parallelus; D. L. zamorae; E. Somoleptus alajuelae; F. S. curtioculatus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/975721" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 20A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6183794A79FB35099ADED50CA502D887" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B182E8382F1FF67314ACC5862618F3B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D5FA98C6C3DDABE88442FD5BEC59298" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="2C3EDA6FA4D181DD7CBFB7BE0E69C3C9" collectingDate="1991-12-23" collectorName="C. Carlton, R. Leschen" country="ECUADOR" elevation="1300" location="Quito" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis id="5B1B3AD475601F989CCE96AA121D5B33" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="19CA60774625332DF67630239CCB6E93" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="6D113BD478FE86AA7CE6E745A9FE10D4" name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
male;
<collectingRegion id="A9605B49BBFD7F6555553140DE7F5074" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
; Maquipucuna For. Res.;
<quantity id="921E1972A8CF5927A9EDD4A6543F0257" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
<location id="584BD71B7F91A661CBD345C2E8E0166D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6C9D7B96BDD570CBD050074E9685291:584BD71B7F91A661CBD345C2E8E0166D" country="ECUADOR" name="Quito" stateProvince="Pichincha">Quito</location>
;
<quantity id="A6A24E3F6DBDFE8A3D4F8C59135E7F5A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="7B160E1D42BF51647ED4C636FD7119A4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation; banana duff; berlesate;
<collectingDate id="DF427F2F3A6007557C08C8F9BC986583" value="1991-12-23">23 Dec 1991</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="03CCD98A557F25098F591463B611AEE6">C. Carlton</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0EE36F68A24A804639A85E249D47FE0D">R. Leschen</collectorName>
leg.; KNHM #72.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="038F14393D373985DB911B417990FEE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="C2549A5F3F08DCC06A997C6FEA6F6893" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" collectorName="C. Carlton &amp; R. Leschen" country="ECUADOR" elevation="1300" location="ECUADOR" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis id="60BDFFA51FACBEB199D0437963251CC6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="6006E96F79AE3BA3B400EA21BC196C3F" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="ED604445A858CD64540974B829D8C324" name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="DCF4DB32E9C786E925F6B2DB858F10BA" count="1" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; same data as holotype; KNHM ECU1A99
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E7DBD0F41F7D6EAC0836604BE7ADA331" collectingDate="1999-10-27" collectorName="R. Anderson" country="Ecuador" elevation="1200" latitude="0.11666667" location="Quito" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.634995" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="509D5DCB1F344602938A54618F96D738" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; same location as holotype but;
<geoCoordinate id="A5C371BC14B96468725CC17077D4994A" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="0" value="0.11666667">0°7'0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AD324D0A3C486A9E0B306E4AFF5734A2" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="-78.634995">78°38'6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="6D17D1896760F8B51501F26E85E10938" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="98231ADD43B08D8742DE8E27A95D45C2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation; montane evergreen forest litter;
<collectingDate id="B3A6359412E14DDD1890490C8527F9B3" value="1999-10-27">27 Oct 1999</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="4D2F114C22939873B94696C83FD89E50">R. Anderson</collectorName>
leg.; KNHM ECU1A99 208D
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0239AF586CCCEF1D4414B346F97648B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="36C27EA8FE390CBEF9981E320EFF679E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E32ACA20F139BCCD851F750FC1D203CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
According to the structure of the aedeagus,
<taxonomicName id="5C018692514D0205AA0845EA9BAD56E2" lsidName="L. lituratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="166004AD73C42C92503D9B7D76ECBC24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. lituratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="45B14EF05ED508988C8A0F6FDA7BA508" lsidName="L. sordida" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="9F631D83159D2276657410DA4D15CF96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group that is also characterised by short and thick parameres. Colouration of
<taxonomicName id="31058C0ABA86ADF23166FD4D514BEA9B" lsidName="L. lituratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="B6C8F7B9CE71B07C437E64091E6C74FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. lituratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar as in
<taxonomicName id="6B9BDD4B15D1BABC4EDC79830E764C3C" lsidName="L. bicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7E3F3CB7A922BBD13386FFD10DE0F24D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. bicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Irmler, 2021 by the lighter brown parts on elytra and pronotum. In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="5A5E85E936D199E50F69CA84CAD9411F" lsidName="L. lituratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="5E8DCEA2290951F727B4ADF0066AC964" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. lituratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C0083E40F798BA8FFE6C602B4C44E98D" lsidName="L. sordida" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="47CF7077390D9F6F7D9166DB49442F65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharp, 1885 is nearly black. The species can be easily differentiated from these two species by the slenderer shape and the sparser punctation. The location, Ecuador, is between that of the two other species in Peru and Panama.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3ABA83240BB18362996B8673FD1BF0F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="6CA6BA2D56802EF7EDC825B9E8EC7275" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F160A89B5C2FEF339AC92E792F3FBA15" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Length: 6.4 mm; Colouration: blackish with indistinct lighter spots on humeral angles of elytra. Legs and antennae light brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AA9212918549E0C3A75A116F77FD293" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Head: 0.93 mm long, 0.79 mm wide; eyes slightly prominent; PS:E ratio 5.2; without posterior angles; posteriorly, widely rounded; inter-antennal furrows short; between eyes with indistinct depression; setiferous punctation moderately fine and sparse; on average, interstices between punctures nearly twice as wide as diameter of punctures; at sides and at posterior margin, punctation deeper and denser than in centre; surface without microsculpture; polished; antennae with elongate first antennomere; longer than half-length of head; second and third antennomere each nearly twice as long as wide; combined half as long as first antennomere; following antennomeres transverse; approximately twice as wide as long; apically increasing in width. Pronotum: 1.24 mm long, 0.79 mm wide, widest in anterior third; in posterior part, slightly convergent, but nearly parallel; posterior margin nearly semi-circular; at posterior angle, 0.8 times as wide in anterior part; setiferous punctation deeper and denser than on head; on average, interstices half as wide as diameter of punctures; wide mid-line impunctate; surface without microsculpture; polished. Elytra: 1.05 mm long, 0.92 mm wide; humeral angles obtuse; posteriorly, sides approximately parallel; posterior angles sub-rectangular; posterior margin retreated to suture; setiferous punctation finer, but as dense as on pronotum; surface without microsculpture; polished. Abdomen with fine and sparse punctation; without microsculpture; polished; posterior margin of sternite VII of male sinuate with slightly prominent centre; posterior margin of tergite VII of male triangularly prominent; meso-tibia with 5, meta-tibia with 3 ctenidia. Aedeagus oval with sub-rectangular apical part; dorsal plate of central lobe covering nearly total central lobe; endophallus with several torsions, covered by long teeth; paramere short and thick; at apex, abruptly narrowed to acute top at inner edge; in basal part with few sensillae; at inner edge, near apex with few setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9ADE57A06C28404FDAB4E5C33E3F439E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="D61664641782085E548558CEABE005F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from the same Latin word
<emphasis id="D6302FDE1A53596707A962EA7577BCFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">lituratus</emphasis>
meaning
<normalizedToken id="243FAAC91EA0391FF19AFB34C04625BC" originalValue="“spotted”">&quot;spotted&quot;</normalizedToken>
and refers to the yellow spots on the elytra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5730B547D4B5B2418A9E2AB5DB85F19" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="geography">
<paragraph id="C9E8960A0065C9AF696459B82FD503EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Geography.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="198ECECF7682EFF8A67565629A7AC8D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Western Ecuador.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26025B41A54C26DDEE2487A22569994F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="9C4D1F73590CC5F8C7BB2AB8185931BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE439BEFC322EA45C5E16DB8E0AE0E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Montane forest and similar agricultural plantations at approximately 1600 m elevation from October to December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>