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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600045" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>198</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller, 1993" authorityName="Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller" authorityYear="1993" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Sphenotrochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricaticostatus" subGenus="Sphenotrochus">Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller, 1993</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A, B Cyathotrochus pileus (SAMC _ A 087424, off Durban, 270 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Deltocyathoides orientalis (BIVa 2, locality unknown, 80) C calicular view D basal view E, F Deltocyathoides sentus (USNM 91551, off Shaka's Rock, 300 m) G, H Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi (SAMC _ A 090086, off Cape Point, 24 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus (SAM _ H 1416, off the Agulhas, 366 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) evexicostatus (SAMC _ A 090085, locality data unknown, 43 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus (USNM 91715 _ Holotype, off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 44 m) K calicular view L lateral view O, P Tropidocyathus lessonii (SAMC _ A 073218, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 74 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A-H, J-M, O-P); 2 mm (I, N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604118" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 15M, N</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Marenzeller" authorityYear="1904" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Sphenotrochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenotrochus aurantiacus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacus">Sphenotrochus aurantiacus</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 38-39 (in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller" authorityYear="1993" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Sphenotrochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricaticostatus" subGenus="Sphenotrochus">Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus</taxonomicName>
Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller, 1993: 258-259, fig. 9A-H.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Kosi Bay, South Africa (RV 'Meiring
<normalizedToken originalValue="Naude’">Naude'</normalizedToken>
stn. ZB27:
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-27.05">27°03'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="32.883335">32°53'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
); 44 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype and eight paratypes are deposited at the NMNH, whilst one paratype is deposited at the SAM (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Elsies Estuary" elevation="24" latitude="-34.166664" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.458332" municipality="Cape Point" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A090084 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8:3D6038642E2EB720A8E3C0680429E63D" county="Elsies Estuary" latitude="-34.166664" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.458332" municipality="Cape Point" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Cape Point</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Elsies Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="-34.166664">34°09'59.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="29.99" value="18.458332">18°27'29.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="24.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
SAMC_A090085 (in part:
<specimenCount type="generic">12 specimen</specimenCount>
): Locality data unknown;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" unit="m" value="43.0">43 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Bira Estuary" elevation="80" latitude="-33.49" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.383331" municipality="Kidds Beach" specimenCount="2">
SAM_H3203 (in part:
<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8:6307DEF108B49129D1DD554AC038E7D1" county="Bira Estuary" latitude="-33.49" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.383331" municipality="Kidds Beach" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Kidds Beach</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Bira Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.00" value="-33.49">33°29'24.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="27.383331">27°22'59.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="80.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Estuary" county="Kosi-Kumpungwini" elevation="42" latitude="-24.8" location="Eastern" municipality="Ponta Do Ouro" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
SAM_H4586 (
<specimenCount type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8:5244769D245BEE2DDC005287CEB6E02A" county="Kosi-Kumpungwini" latitude="-24.8" municipality="Ponta Do Ouro" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="km" value="31.0">31 km</quantity>
south of
<collectingMunicipality>Ponta Do Ouro</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Kosi-Kumpungwini</collectingCounty>
(Sifungwe)
<collectorName>Estuary</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-24.8">24°48'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 34°59.00&quot;E;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="m" value="42.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Estuary" elevation="44" latitude="-27.059" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.883327" municipality="Kosi-Kumpungwini" specimenCount="44" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
USNM-91715 (
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8:39E4655BB328AD422D7787AD0FA6ECE4" county="Estuary" latitude="-27.059" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.883327" municipality="Kosi-Kumpungwini" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
south of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8:47CA2B102FF71C185E51915787857615" county="Estuary" latitude="-27.059" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.883327" municipality="Kosi-Kumpungwini" name="Ponta Do Ouro">Ponta Do Ouro</location>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
off
<collectingMunicipality>Kosi-Kumpungwini</collectingMunicipality>
(Sifungwe)
<collectingCounty>Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.40" value="-27.059">27°03'32.40&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="32.883327">32°52'59.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="44.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Zinkwasi Estuary" elevation="57" latitude="-29.35" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.583332" municipality="Shaka's Rock" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
USNM-91717 (
<specimenCount type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8:235EB9ECD37EE5EEE9B7D1E6868ACB9D" county="Zinkwasi Estuary" latitude="-29.35" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.583332" municipality="Shaka's Rock" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Shaka’s">Shaka's</normalizedToken>
Rock
</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Zinkwasi Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="-29.35">29°21'00.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="31.583332">31°34'59.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="57.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="57.0">57 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum cuneiform, with highly compressed faces in lower corallum. Upper corallum highly flared, producing a rectangular-like side view. Base slightly rounded. Calice elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.4-2.8). Largest specimen examined (USNM-91717) 3.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 in CD, and 6.7 mm in H. Costae smooth, flat, unequally in width, and ridged. In some specimens 12-14 costae overreach base and meet counterparts from opposite side. Pairs of C4 occur in each half-system adjacent to two S1 (32 costae), but S4 does not correspond to C4. Intercostal striae narrow, being slightly wider than costae. Corallum light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S1-2&gt; S3 (24 septa). S1-2 moderately exsert, equal in width, and extending 4/5 distance to columella with thickened and vertical axial margins. S3 equally exsert, but
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
the width of S1-2. S3 axial margin narrow, straight to sinuous. Columella composed of a sharp-edged lamella that rises as high as septa. Columella and all septal faces covered by slender spines, giving them a rough appearance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Southern and Eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Point extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (23 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 24-80 m. Elsewhere: south-eastern Mozambique (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
); 37-347 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller" authorityYear="1993" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Sphenotrochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenotrochus (S.) imbricaticostatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricaticostatus" subGenus="S.">Sphenotrochus (S.) imbricaticostatus</taxonomicName>
differs from the two other South African species in the subgenus (
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. evexicostatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="evexicostatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. evexicostatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. aurantiacus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aurantiacus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aurantiacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by its compressed rectangular cuneiform corallum and wide, flat, imbricate costae, which alternates in width and imbricate with edges of adjacent costae (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

296
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<taxonomicName id="50B187B4024CCFD2D87EE7D0348D6849" ID-CoL="5D25D" authority="L., 1767" authorityName="L." authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Zelus longipes (L., 1767)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B4C98297437A94243EE942AF095D3573" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="83FF37D4BD5D40CD6BF5DEDE1982A8E5" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cimex longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Cimex longipes</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1767, p. 724, orig. descr.; Gmelin, 1788, p. 2197, list (
<taxonomicName id="097CD2CA38554601C12C5F079CC4385C" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Reduvius</taxonomicName>
); Turton, 1806, p. 690, descr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4E7678A47626BDEB211958C5A113B09" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="D6546B599F557627D596489CFD3726C2" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Reduvius longipes</taxonomicName>
: Fabricius, 1775, p. 730, descr.; Fabricius, 1781, p. 378, descr.; Fabricius, 1787, p. 309, list; Fabricius, 1794, p. 196, descr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2628B503CC96E1918FCB60816686EB80" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="EF2DEF43767A8D9221CF271ADFF8AA76" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Zelus longipes</taxonomicName>
: Fabricius, 1803, p. 283, descr.;
<normalizedToken id="63FC44D429DAF8A9BCF422D71F0C2CCF" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 88-89, cat. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="76C070CEF59A9044F021D848BCE0CE4E" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Blanchard, 1840, p. 101, descr.;
<normalizedToken id="738FA4438CDE82EABEB5D961C1DA17C7" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1862, p. 449-450, descr.; Uhler, 1878, p. 427, list; Uhler, 1886, p, 24, checklist; Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 152, cat.; Champion, 1898, p. 253, note; Kirkaldy, 1900a, p. 263, note; Fracker, 1913, p. 239, 240, key and list (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="A36A13B5D24505A7FFEC830F959C7C3A" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Cotton, 1917, p. 170-173, note; Barber, 1923, p. 27-28, note and syn.; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 49, checklist; Wolcott, 1950 (1948), p. 212, list and note; Elkins, 1951, p. 410, list; Guagliumi, 1953, p. 16, note; Barber, 1954, p. 13-14, list; Elkins, 1954, p. 44, 45, note and fig.; Simmonds, 1956, p. 232, note; Alayo, 1967, p. 5, 36-37, list and note; Hart, 1986, p. 543-546, redescription, note, fig. and key; Hart, 1987, p. 304, note and key; Maldonado, 1990, p. 328, cat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36BF73CEACA67F39CA3D2511B4ECAB3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="7D21F7A5EC0D9D9AA23D72982F502F98" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Euagoras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euagoras longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Euagoras longipes</taxonomicName>
: Walker, 1873, p. 117-118, cat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="752F914A4585AEC2FEAB1E15B8F29A51" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="BBC80B8CA37B4DA8784E4B189FEC82C5" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Reduvius rubidus</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, p. 278, orig. descr,; Guerin-Meneville, 1857, p. 411-412, descr. and list (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1F59282690D47D875E9EC2D380F2D109" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Evagoras)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Evagoras">Evagoras</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8260D25C40A3559A400FC8F911F6AA3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="9C0B3EB7F20C38D0C1CBA8E14944D472" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Evagoras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evagoras rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Evagoras rubidus</taxonomicName>
: Amyot and Serville, 1843, p. 368-369, descr. and senior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="9FD68054D1662874640A771AC9039898" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Evagoras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evagoras speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Evagoras speciosus</taxonomicName>
Burmeister.
<normalizedToken id="6D68C3C6661FD53551A8BF5CDBD1A070" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1862, p. 449, junior syn. (in part) of
<taxonomicName id="D8D23B55EE97A50A1AB35900BEE7D3ED" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
. Walker, 1873, p. 117, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="BEDC927DABF42CE6617F00C40AF1CA8B" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Euagoras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euagoras longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Euagoras longipes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD28573F26E89A8B183C6DD2BED827D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="BF4A87F7492F6163662908AD3F199439" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Euagoras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euagoras rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Euagoras rubidus</taxonomicName>
: Walker, 1873, p. 118, cat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10BF2BE18EC08E8353E6B91385D5DC8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="59335B5D1DE7ECFF43C429B6F6D8FB05" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Zelus rubidus</taxonomicName>
:
<normalizedToken id="039E6277DF143362CBED7D7BEA2E0804" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 89, cat. and descr. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="CF633893444A55A1E36EB020A6F850A6" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist; Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 153, cat.; Champion, 1898, p. 252-253, cat. and note; Fracker, 1913, p. 238, 240, key and list (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="F7C61D96969F64919FB5358D9A65F3DF" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Ballou, 1913, p. 65, note; Jones, 1914, p. 462, note; Osborne and Drake, 1915, p. 531, list; Cotton, 1917, p. 173, note; Ritchie, 1917, p. 94, note; Gibson, 1919, p. 276, list; Dash, 1920, p. 31, note; Barber, 1923, p. 27, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="2A5DBA5CA6AA04103282964BE928C1B1" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
; Bruner, 1926, p. 78, descr.; Gowdey, 1927, p. 16-17, note; Martorell, 1939, p. 189, list; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 49, checklist and junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="558D7ACF00FE811976A31443C32BA515" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
; Alayo, 1967, p. 36-37, note.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8EA4C40C0DCC8F8474DE42CBCC9A727" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="43282AF525581839014F938795D61151" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius phalangium" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalangium">Reduvius phalangium</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1794, p. 1966, orig. descr.; Zirnsen, 1964, p. 338, list; Hart, 1986, p. 543, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="D207DB5BA58E4420EAB46A92F78AADE2" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABB3C90784A99FB24F369D943B160870" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="86A5F2F4026BEC1F1DF404E4D6B96F17" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus phalangium" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalangium">Zelus phalangium</taxonomicName>
: Fabricius, 1803, p. 283, descr.;
<normalizedToken id="A97FA9E71BAFB832F42E47C37DB657A5" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 92, cat.; Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 153, cat.; Fracker, 1913, p. 240, descr. and list; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D32BD16B9F4B55F6EC85CD821305D31" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="D7106CD0DE33BD046C947224C2EC6A70" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus phalangium" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phalangium">Diplodus phalangium</taxonomicName>
: Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F79EEC00FBDCE796998AE7D98BC8E24" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="72A0E3A4BA464B875D9128EB5A447166" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus bilobus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobus">Zelus bilobus</taxonomicName>
Say, 1832, p. 12, orig. descr.; LeConte, 1859, p. 306, descr.;
<normalizedToken id="131ADFC496AC99081A949FAC1D140232" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1862, p. 449, list (as variety of
<taxonomicName id="24AD35C14502D1A39CFC77621BE305CC" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
);
<normalizedToken id="EAE10DB181410F1B964F1EF5C115E60E" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 88, cat. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="2CB3CEA191DC73D2EB371F6DBF36D1BC" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Uhler,1876, p. 61, list; Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist; Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 151, cat.; Champion, 1898, p. 253, note; Van Duzee, 1909, p. 176, list; Torre-Bueno and Engelhardt, 1910, p. 150, list; Fracker, 1913, p. 239, 240, key and list (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="3F55FF39F17DEEE3F7605AEB120FF080" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Barber, 1914, p. 505, list; Van Duzee, 1916, p. 30, checklist (s.g.
<taxonomicName id="7E262226C6CD9AE141EC186F19CDF59B" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Dozier, 1917, p. 542, note; Van Duzee, 1917, p. 259, cat. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="93AD8950B1C9879828B76C8CDFB0ABCC" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Dozier, 1920, p. 357, note; Blatchley, 1926, p. 568, 569, key and descr. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1AAADB078B0042572EDBC0E7947CAC27" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Readio, 1927, p. 169-170, key, descr. and note; Miller, 1929, p. 462, note; Creighton 1936a p. 94, note; Creighton, 1936b, p. 382, note; Elliott, 1938, p. 39, key and list; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 48, checklist; Elkins, 1951, p. 410, list; Sibley, 1951., p. 92, list; Oliver, 1964, p. 316, note; Whitcomb and Bell, 1964, p. 22, list; Davis, 1969, p. 81, fig. and note (sic.
<taxonomicName id="98125D8DC332101D7BF247048951F384" genus="Zellus" lsidName="Zellus bilobatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="bilobatus">Zellus bilobatus</taxonomicName>
); Hart, 1986, p. 543, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="84BB473D7DF447A38A78ED2A4CCFF43D" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CF01C6301B685229B7CEFF952E9519FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="4155D3E30C432A3155B0DD3A94F43F26" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Euagoras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euagoras speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Euagoras speciosus</taxonomicName>
Burmeister, 1835, p. 227, orig. descr.; Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848, p. 45, Tab. CCLXIV. fig. 817, descr. and fig; Hart, 1986, p. 543, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="D674F5EB3B3FC565819AA4E577FC6D87" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC8404E5C7704625D1CB629DF97BF111" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="E6B8C865D81BB94A6BB12A5FCBFA46CE" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Evagoras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evagoras speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Evagoras speciosus</taxonomicName>
: Amyot and Serville, 1843, p. 368, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="38630CF67C125E15E5F2F478D386F839" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Evagoras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evagoras rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Evagoras rubidus</taxonomicName>
Le P. and Serv.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79CAF70CBC85138FFC4DF209FF6E3191" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="D02D548ADAAB5BCC217CD7E2A4BA0C35" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Zelus speciosus</taxonomicName>
:
<normalizedToken id="6A559456A31C2B19F4B1E02B07A793E1" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1862, p. 449, syn. (as variety of
<taxonomicName id="580177E77DC563138DC6DEDEACBDA9CE" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
)
<normalizedToken id="C2CEDEA277B3183D66DC59E77AC0FF48" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 89, cat. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="0D71A4CC9586ED050A2ABD0E6C633783" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Berg, 1879, p. 151, note; Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist; Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 153, cat.;, Kirkaldy, 1909, p. 32, list and syn.; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, checklist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35A47EAA27D37E06A37E49F286B946B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="8E76D3CD02D88E8E657B35370B79D16A" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Zelus speciosus</taxonomicName>
var. stolli Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 152, nomen nudum; Champion, 1898, p. 253, syn. (=
<taxonomicName id="6F2EAF2A91A546C47B28C142971130A9" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Zelus rubidus</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="97132CFFD76E8BC4F1962DBA750DC082" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Euagoras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euagoras tricolor" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">Euagoras tricolor</taxonomicName>
Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848, p. 45-46, Tab. CCLXIV, fig. 818, orig. descr. and fig.;
<normalizedToken id="8359AA4185F093DA3B0AC1C08806FE7A" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1862, p. 450, syn. (as variety of
<taxonomicName id="DB29B17BAA10CCE05FEE2BD7C26DFF26" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Zelus longipes</taxonomicName>
);
<normalizedToken id="689D9A452F259E5C6E624BE9065A3DE1" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 89, syn. (as variety of
<taxonomicName id="042C00384DBF211EEA61011B9B41C16A" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Zelus speciosus</taxonomicName>
); Champion, 1898, p. 253, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="AF9D839CB937190DA3DCBB868B5B3049" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus rubidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidus">Zelus rubidus</taxonomicName>
; Fracker and Bruner, 1924, p. 170, list; Bruner, 1926, p. 79, descr; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 50, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="BAD8B1588F1DEAED44359162A6AF9738" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus speciosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Zelus speciosus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="270C92F2AB9B703001C6539C08685A53" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="274F7CE591EEBF18FF9587C96B3E82C4" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus mactans" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactans">Zelus mactans</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="43E709097261AABAA463DC91662C8CA7" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1861, p. 148, orig. descr.;
<normalizedToken id="E6364E3E610FD15F10E7FFEBE9ACA739" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1872, p. 88, cat. (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="723E3B901F499069D7E7A006A3EB45D1" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Uhler, 1886, p. 24, checklist; Lethierry and Severin, 1896, p. 152, cat.; Fracker, 1913, p. 239, 240, key and list (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="390B22E4DF81CCC4F0818E3F313BD494" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera (Zelus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zelus">Zelus</taxonomicName>
); Barber, 1923, p. 28, note; Wygodzinsky, 1949a, p. 49, checklist; Alayo, 1967, p. 36, key and note; Hart, 1986, p. 544, lectotype desig. and junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="7F9A03C5A1B36B66F2D8B693A665763F" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60BCE9035968E7E703CE97B7A957ED45" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="7812525E519BFE342C75B3AAB2FE2485" family="Sparidae" genus="Diplodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodus mactans" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mactans">Diplodus mactans</taxonomicName>
: Walker, 1873, p. 125, cat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FB1D317A93386EF3A3FDDE78348B915" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="EA13130785D8F1777E7EBD399DD85C46" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Velia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Velia agavis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agavis">Velia agavis</taxonomicName>
Blasguez, 1870, p. 289, 290, fig. 14, orig. descr.; Champion, 1898, p. 253, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="09DF84478F4BDB9ED1AE9AEC6BD3EB16" lsidName="Z. rubidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="rubidus">Z. rubidus</taxonomicName>
; Kirkaldy, 1909, p. 32, junior syn. (as variety of
<taxonomicName id="DFCF1BC82C09F19BDE767EC7347C878C" lsidName="Z. speciosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="speciosus">Z. speciosus</taxonomicName>
); Fracker, 1913, p. 240, junior syn. of
<taxonomicName id="8E2B4615406FD4D0068653453E3F32B9" lsidName="Z. rubidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="rubidus">Z. rubidus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC292967BE1C40317F486131D8182009" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4545301344B93172A4EC248625C4BA83" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED2EAF195AEB02BE93C9FE2E0D79C14B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<materialsCitation id="AF7319520B53FF235D7A6DA5A6F0ED59" collectionCode="Linnaean Society, London" country="St. Thomas" location="St. Thomas" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="481FE4342B164ADE30252A3F32813879" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Bears the following labels: longipes / 65; sex:
<specimenType id="71420ABB5CC3C4DBF67B9795EB090DE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluslongipes; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: (L., 1767); Location: country:
<collectingCountry id="F89D688DC8828FB12E49649F63A81CD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">St. Thomas</collectingCountry>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode id="CA5A6254869B070CC2946A820E503211" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Linnaean Society, London</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5DD99040F950268BF65B2019C82EBD4E" collectionCode="NHRS" country="CUBA" location="CUBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="31915FCE930FA713ACDA372988DCE7BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Lectotype of Zelusmactans Stal, 1861 (designated by Hart, 1986), junior synonym of Zeluslongipes (Linnaeus, 1767). Bears the following labels: Cuba / Stal / mactans Stal / Typus.; sex:
<specimenType id="430BE1B5C5F257999C70385391756052" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluslongipes; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: (L., 1767); Location: country:
<collectingCountry id="AFE5390F1996765B391032ABB870432B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">CUBA</collectingCountry>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode id="ECF360B2A4470F8F6349D417AF59C0CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">NHRS</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="40723BBD647FA68828E27F505F586A6E" collectionCode="NHRS" country="CUBA" location="CUBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="6C4C265E37B7AE4E240A349FB98D4814" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: Allolectotype of Zelusmactans Fabricius, 1803 (designated by Hart, 1986), junior synonym of Zelusmactans Stal, 1861, junior synonym of Zeluslongipes (Linnaeus, 1767). Bears the following labels: Cuba / Stal / Stal / Paratypus.; sex:
<specimenType id="B5727BC56B9096A5461B625398441DCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
; Taxon: scientificName: Zeluslongipes; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: (L., 1767); Location: country:
<collectingCountry id="B54AC650264A72921AF5F1DC8DF484BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">CUBA</collectingCountry>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode id="A2318EE923987D4AD1E426ADBF1FBD2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">NHRS</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC11009682C1029A992523C123FA5E96" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="description">
<paragraph id="CA0BD546A3146FC518F82CE0CEED4A85" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D63340C14BB691D11B47F88F14EC8793" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Figs 127, 128, 129</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9465CEE19BC0464BACE4A7BDB49FE93A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Male: (Fig. 127a, b, c, d) Medium-sized, total length 13.62-17.91 mm (15.77 mm, Suppl. material 2); slender. COLORATION: Orangish red and brownish-black; pattern variable; most of dorsal surface brownish-black; orangish red usually on head, part or entire anterior pronotal lobe, lateral margins of posterior pronotal lobe, proximal and distal parts of corium; occasional specimens with nearly completely dark dorsum. Ventral and lateral surfaces usually orangish red; black stripe along anterior margin of abdominal segment, lacking in some specimens, sometimes also whitish exudation next to black stripe and on pleura and lateral surface of pronotum. Scape, pedicel and legs with or without bands. VESTITURE: Densely setose. Anteocular lobe with short to moderate, erect setae; postocular lobe with short to long, erect setae. Anterior pronotal lobe with short to long, erect setae, confined to setal tracts dorsally. Abdomen with short to moderately long, erect setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Cylindrical, L/W = 2.52. Postocular lobe moderately long; in dorsal view anteriorly gradually narrowing, posterior portion constant, slightly narrower. Eye smallish; lateral margin only slightly wider than postocular lobe; dorsal and ventral margins removed from surfaces of head. Labium: I: II: III = 1: 1.5: 0.3. Basiflagellomere diameter larger than that of pedicel. Thorax: Anterolateral angle rounded, without projection; medial longitudinal sulcus evident throughout, deepening posteriorly. Posterior pronotal lobe with finely rugulose surface; disc distinctly elevated above humeral angle; humeral angle rounded, without projection. Scutellum moderately long; apex blunt, not projected. Legs: Slender. Hemelytron: Surpassing apex of abdomen by about twice length of abdominal segment seven; quadrate cell large and broad; Cu and M of cubital cell subparallel. GENITALIA: (Fig. 128) Pygophore: Rounded; mid-lateral fold adjacent to paramere insertion; not expanded laterally in dorsal view. Medial process cylindrical; slender; moderately long; semi-erect; nearly straight; apex in posterior view rounded, slightly folded posteriad. Paramere: Cylindrical; long, surpassing medial process; directed posteriad; nearly straight; apical part not enlarged. Phallus: Dorsal phallothecal sclerite somewhat squarish; lateral expansion arising close to base; apical portion of phallothecal sclerite not distinctly tapered, slightly convex, laterally angulate; apex truncate, medially emarginate; posterior margin of foramen broadly concave. Struts attached to dorsal phallothecal sclerite; apically separate, not connected by bridge; basally separate throughout. Basal plate arm moderately robust; separate; diverging; in lateral view very slightly curved; bridge long; extension of basal plate small, laterally expanded onto arm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12769EC7FB0237B4556381C5959A9AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Female: (Fig. 127e, f) Similar to male, except for the following. Larger than male, total length 15.19-18.36 mm (mean 17.39 mm, Suppl. material 2).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05A7FE30A933DD18C23E863316F35A92" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="ADC56FC9463D6A5C43503420BB65D1CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD36D7A4F47C32A233DE0A13134BF71C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
Although highly variable, the black and red coloration is distinctive of
<taxonomicName id="B0BC3CABAE13C5630EF6A57B7E2697C2" lsidName="Z. longipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="longipes">Z. longipes</taxonomicName>
. The combination of size, coloration, rounded humeral angle, and raised anterior pronotal lobe serves to separate this species from any others that may cause confusions. Males can also be recognized by the long and slender medial process, the apex slightly folded posteriad, and the long paramere, exceeding apex of medial process. Among the
<taxonomicName id="9A960CE0D4B47EC86D00EB9AC0E24BE9" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Zelus longipes</taxonomicName>
species group (Fig. 10),
<taxonomicName id="2E6632D0AF730133D7F910FC460D9FB4" lsidName="Z. bahiaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="bahiaensis">Z. bahiaensis</taxonomicName>
also has a long paramere clear exceedingly medial process, but the two species can be readily separated on the basis of coloration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B865B505978452CD26B31AC669F5534C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2692C2352958EEFEA9B38D4A0CE51D79" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD58B968D7A2E0DA17078B187EBD1CCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Southern parts of US, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Northern South America, Paraguay and Southern Brazil (Fig. 129). Countries with records: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saba, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (British) and Virgin Islands (US).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1D369D55A091DAF83C3B0EC93D81BB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="taxon discussion">
<paragraph id="480551BF566E1089F7F4E2FCE6BF6A1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F21EDF7E75467F943BD3A6FCEF0E3154" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
<taxonomicName id="1EE149BC824DC7E9A29547D8DB2BF900" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus longipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">Zelus longipes</taxonomicName>
is a highly variable species. In any given area there is a wide range of color and color pattern variations. The dorsal coloration can vary from nearly entirely orange brown, through various patterns of orange-brown and brownish-black, to almost completely black. The habitus images provided here only represent a subset of the range of variations. The most typical form is one with alternating orange and black areas on the dorsum, abdominal venter orange or reddish-brown, each segment black anteriorly, and legs black with two yellow rings medially.
<bibRefCitation id="FD928DCC204384E37FE304A6FB8CDC65" author="Hart, E. R." journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" pagination="535 - 548" title="Genus Zelus Fabricius in the United States, Canada, and Northern Mexico (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)" volume="79" year="1986">Hart (1986)</bibRefCitation>
discussed intraspecific variations and the history and uses of several synonyms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>The genus Tegostoma in Armenia, with description of a new species (Crambidae, Odontiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Savenkov, Nikolay</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Latvian National Museum of Natural History, K. Barona st. 4, LV- 1050 Riga, Latvia; nikolajs. savenkovs @ lndm. gov. lv</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Roweck, Hartmut</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Rendsburger Landstrasse 71, D- 24113 Kiel, Germany; hroweck @ ecology. uni-kiel. de</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>269</mods:start>
<mods:end>278</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.87795</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.87795</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2367-5365-45-269</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">46793BFE127548ACB8056631D20A19C2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">982AB1FB612C52AC80ECE94A07E14CEA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4341624E-AC6D-4F8D-A5F3-4B097A263A15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1522A37937F54448873DCB31DB1782E" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/4341624E-AC6D-4F8D-A5F3-4B097A263A15" authority="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck, 2022" authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni" status="sp. nov.">Tegostoma burtoni</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="269">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 1 - 4. Adults: 1. Holotype, male; 2 - 4. Paratypes; 2 - 3. Males; 4. Female; 5 - 6. Head (enlarged): 5. Male; 6. Female. All coll. NMPC." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734102" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figs 1-6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia of Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 7. Ventral view; 8. Lateral view; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734103" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 7-9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia and male abdomen of Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 10. General view of the female genitalia; 11. Detail of ostium area (different view of the same genitalia slide, photographed before being removed from the abdomen), enlarged; 12. Male abdomen (open view). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734104" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 10-12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Type material.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-05-31" collectorName="Jan Sumpich" country="Armenia" county="Gorovan Sands" elevation="956" latitude="39.88889" location="Vedi" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.732777" municipality="Goravan" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
mer.,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1522A37937F54448873DCB31DB1782E:C43DE0D5CD179FE26504B77C4C4E7126" country="Armenia" county="Gorovan Sands" latitude="39.88889" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.732777" municipality="Goravan" name="Vedi">Vedi</location>
env.,
<collectingMunicipality>Goravan</collectingMunicipality>
vill.,
<collectingCounty>Gorovan Sands</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.559999999999999" unit="m" value="956.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.559999999999999" unit="m" value="956.0">956 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="39.88889">39°53'20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="44.732777">44°43'58&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, sandy steppe,
<collectingDate value="2017-05-31">31.v.2017</collectingDate>
(Barcode NMPC-Lep-0714),
<collectorName>
Jan
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šumpich">Sumpich</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
leg. (NMPC)
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="J. Sumpich, Barcode" country="Armenia" county="Gorovan Sands" elevation="956" latitude="39.88889" location="Vedi" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.732777" municipality="Goravan" specimenCount="45" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="40" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount type="male">40 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (gen. slides 22025, 22026 and 22027
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šumpich">Sumpich</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
) (
<collectorName>Barcode</collectorName>
NMPC-Lep-0713) (NMPC)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05-25" collectingDateMax="2019-05-27" collectingDateMin="2019-05-25" collectorName="O. Karsholt, H. Roweck, N. Savenkov" country="Armenia" county="Gorovan Sands" elevation="910" latitude="39.89306" location="Vedi" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.7175" municipality="Goravan" specimenCount="84" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="71" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">71 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">13 ♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, but
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" unit="m" value="910.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" unit="m" value="910.0">910 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="39.89306">39°53'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="44.7175">44°43'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2019-05-25" valueMax="2019-05-27" valueMin="2019-05-25">25.-27.v.2019</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>O. Karsholt</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>H. Roweck</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>N. Savenkov</collectorName>
leg. (ECKU, ZMUC, LNMNH)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is similar to some other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, mainly
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. lepidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">T. lepidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, 1851), and to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kemal &amp; Kocak" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrausta gulpembe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulpembe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pyrausta gulpembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kemal &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koçak">Kocak</normalizedToken>
, 2018 in external appereance, but it differs by its smaller wingspan. It differs from all
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of comparable size by the distinctive purple colour of the forewings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">External appearance</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 1 - 4. Adults: 1. Holotype, male; 2 - 4. Paratypes; 2 - 3. Males; 4. Female; 5 - 6. Head (enlarged): 5. Male; 6. Female. All coll. NMPC." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734102" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">1-6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia and male abdomen of Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 10. General view of the female genitalia; 11. Detail of ostium area (different view of the same genitalia slide, photographed before being removed from the abdomen), enlarged; 12. Male abdomen (open view). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734104" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">12</figureCitation>
). Forewing length ♂: 13.4-15.0 mm (mean 14.8), ♀: 14 mm. Vertex covered by ochreous scales, maxillary palpus short, brown with yellowish scales, collar of yellow scales around the eyes and the caudal border of the head. Antennae filiform ciliate, cilia whitish, flagellomeres black dorsally but distinctly white ventrally, scape brown, yellowish ventrally. Patagia, tegulae and thorax usually pinkish to purplish, with admixtures of brownish scales. Forewings pinkish to purplish with discontinuous pale postmedial fascia and a very narrow pale subterminal fascia, often not present; postmedial fascia pale buffish almost parallel to termen and of irregular width, subterminal fascia pale buffish almost parallel with termen. Fringes brown, proximal third paler. Hindwings brown, distinctly darker near margin, distinctly paler basally. Fringes ochreous, brown in the basal third.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734102" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figures 1–6" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 1-6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">1-4.</emphasis>
Adults:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">1.</emphasis>
Holotype, male;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">2-4.</emphasis>
Paratypes;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">2-3.</emphasis>
Males;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">4.</emphasis>
Female;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">5-6.</emphasis>
Head (enlarged):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">5.</emphasis>
Male;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6.</emphasis>
Female. All coll. NMPC.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Variation</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Sexual dimorphism not observed, it seems females differ in smaller size and less pronounced light fascia. The ground colour of most specimens is pinkish to purple, however, this is less pronounced in some specimens. Both fasciae are always paler compared with the ground colour but in some specimens they can be yellowish-buff, not pinkish. Specimens with a pinkish streak usually do not have a pale marginal line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Male genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia of Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 7. Ventral view; 8. Lateral view; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734103" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">7-9</figureCitation>
). Valva 1.6 times as long as wide, ovoid, dorsal margin slightly convex, sacculus slightly rounded caudally, rounded apex with a setose tuft. Saccus nearly rectangular with a slightly concave depression. Tegumen triangular, distinctly protuberant posteriorly, uncus bilobed, lobes rounded distally, gnathos strongly sclerotised, narrow, with two points on the distal margin, not reaching the distal margin of the uncus. Vinculum elongate, slightly more than twice as broad as long. Aedeagus narrow, slightly curved, bluntly pointed; vesica stoutly compressed in distal third resembling a broad, oblong cornutus [&quot;denticulate plate&quot; sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Slamka, F" journalOrPublisher="Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B17" refString="Slamka, F, 2013. Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Europe. 3. Pyraustinae &amp; Spilomelinae. Identification - Distribution - Habitat - Biology. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava" title="Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Europe. 3. Pyraustinae &amp; Spilomelinae. Identification - Distribution - Habitat - Biology." year="2013">Slamka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
], bulbus ejaculatorius membranous, as wide as aedeagus, without lamina.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734103" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figures 7–9" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 7-9.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">7.</emphasis>
Ventral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">8.</emphasis>
Lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">9.</emphasis>
Aedeagus. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia and male abdomen of Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. 10. General view of the female genitalia; 11. Detail of ostium area (different view of the same genitalia slide, photographed before being removed from the abdomen), enlarged; 12. Male abdomen (open view). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734104" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">10-11</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales rectangular, slightly elongate laterally,
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">apophyses posteriores short, 2/3 the length of the apophyses anteriores. Ostium bursae broad, membranous. Antrum narrow, sclerotised, in the shape of a coiled leaf. Ductus bursae comparatively narrow, membranous, continuously gradually expanding anteriorly, and eventually becoming the bursa copulatrix, which is an elongate ovoid, membranous, without signa.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734104" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figures 10–12" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 10-12.</emphasis>
Female genitalia and male abdomen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">10.</emphasis>
General view of the female genitalia;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">11.</emphasis>
Detail of ostium area (different view of the same genitalia slide, photographed before being removed from the abdomen), enlarged;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">12.</emphasis>
Male abdomen (open view). Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="molecular data">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
BIN: BOLD:AEL8899 (n = 2). The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.0% (n = 2). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma lepidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma lepidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is 3.24% (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 13. Neighbour-joining tree based on publicly available DNA barcodes of identified Tegostoma specimens with Pyrausta gulpembe Kemal &amp; Kocak, 2018 as an outgroup species (for details see Material and methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734105" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734105" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figure 13" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Neighbour-joining tree based on publicly available DNA barcodes of identified
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kemal &amp; Kocak" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrausta gulpembe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulpembe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pyrausta gulpembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kemal &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koçak">Kocak</normalizedToken>
, 2018 as an outgroup species (for details see Material and methods).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Armenia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
The new species was collected in sandy habitats with sparse vegetation at an altitude of about 1000 m (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 16. Gorovan Sands near Vedi in Armenia, habitat of Tegostoma burtoni sp. nov. (Photo A. Pavlicko)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734107" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">16</figureCitation>
). The type locality, Gorovan Sands is one of the steppe habitats in Armenia, areas which have not been intensively cultivated until recently. For more details see following Section.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">The species name is derived from the name of John Andrew Burton, a worldwide active conservationist, in honour of his strong support of establishing nature reserves in Armenia. It is to his merit to have established the Artsakh Nature fund and that more than 30,000 hectares of unique habitats are now protected within the borders of the Caucasus Wildlife Refuge.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">The nature reserve is named after the old name of the village Gorovan, which has later become Goravan. But the official name of this protected area remained in its original spelling. Therefore, the names of the municipality and the protected area differ.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="brief characterization of gorovan sands – the type locality of the new species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Brief characterization of Gorovan Sands - the type locality of the new species</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
The National Sanctuary Gorovan Sands was established in 1959 in order to protect the habitats for endangered animals, as well as the site conditions with their unique vegetation. One of the most typical ecosystems of the arid zone are sandy
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
semi-deserts with a fauna and flora well adapted to extreme drought and temperature variation. Gorovan Sands Sanctuary, with roughly 175 (originally ca 200) ha, represents the largest of this type in the whole of Armenia. Like other deserts of this type it is dominated by cold winters, dry and hot summer months and an annual precipitaion of just 200-300 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
The vegetation is dominated by tussocks of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia fragans" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Artemisia fragans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Achillea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Achillea tenuifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Achillea tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, saltresistant plants such as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salsola" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Salsola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Xenillidae" genus="Kochia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kochia prostrata" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Kochia prostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Ziziphora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ziziphora tenuior" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Ziziphora tenuior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Calligonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calligonum polygonoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygonoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Calligonum polygonoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and other, mainly psammophytic plant species, which show a huge variety of adaptation to sandy site conditions with a poor supply of nutrients and extreme dry periods, mixed with a wider spread of generalist species of cultivation (such as the locally dominant
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidium vesicarium" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicarium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Lepidium vesicarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). About 160 species of vascular plants have been recorded (
<bibRefCitation author="Tadevosyan, T" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B18" refString="Tadevosyan, T, 2001. Ex Situ Conservation of Rare and Endangered Psammophilic Species of The Flora and Plant Associations of Ararat Valley. Ph.D. Candidate Dissertation. Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan" title="Ex Situ Conservation of Rare and Endangered Psammophilic Species of The Flora and Plant Associations of Ararat Valley. Ph. D. Candidate Dissertation." year="2001">Tadevosyan 2001</bibRefCitation>
), among them at least 12 species listed in the Armenian Red List. It is the only known site in Armenia for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Calligonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calligonum polygonoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygonoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Calligonum polygonoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the foodplant of the local endemic species
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Reitter" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pharaonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharaonus caucasicus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pharaonus caucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Reitter, 1888) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Pharaonus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
), which is currently only known to occur in Gorovan Sands (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.9" author="Keith, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="167 - 180" refId="B9" refString="Keith, D, Sabatinelli, G, Uliana, M, 2015. Synopsis of the genus Pharaonus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), with descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 4012 (1): 167 - 180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.9" title="Synopsis of the genus Pharaonus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), with descriptions of new taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.9" volume="4012" year="2015">Keith et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately branches and roots of this plant are intensively collected by local people for burning. An additional stressor for this plant is the rather uncontrolled grazing by domestic animals (mainly goats and sheep).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Besides overgrazing and a rather intensive collecting of edible plants by local people, even more important for the future of this sanctuary is to keep reclamation, sand and travertine mining, dumping, and offroad driving within boundaries and thus allow processes of regeneration on the remainder of the site.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="list of tegostoma zeller, 1847 recorded in armenia">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
List of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zeller, 1847 recorded in Armenia
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma albizonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albizonalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma albizonalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hampson, 1900
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Armenia, Turkmenistan (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb02380.x" author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Humana Press Inc., Totowa, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B6" refString="Hampson, GF, 1900. New Palaearctic Pyralidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1900: 369-401[, pl. 3]. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb02380.x" title="New Palaearctic Pyralidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1900: 369 - 401 [, pl. 3]." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb02380.x" year="1900">Hampson 1900</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Remarks.</emphasis>
Part of type series originated from Armenia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Material examined.</emphasis>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Armenia (this paper).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1796" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma comparalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comparalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma comparalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1796)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Material examined.</emphasis>
Armenia, Gorovan Sands, 910 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="39.89306">39°53'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="44.7175">44°43'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 25.-27.v.2019, O. Karsholt &amp; N. Savenkov; prov. Ararat, Urtsadzor, Caucasus Wildlife Reserve, Eco Lodge, 1250 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="39.949444">39°56'58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="44.887222">44°53'14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 ♂, 22.-30.v.2019, O. Karsholt, H. Roweck, &amp; N. Savenkov leg. (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southern Europe (
<bibRefCitation author="Karsholt, O" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B8" refString="Karsholt, O, Razowski, J [Eds], 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe. A Distributional Checklist. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" title="The Lepidoptera of Europe. A Distributional Checklist." year="1996">Karsholt and Razowski 1996</bibRefCitation>
), Russia (SW parts) (
<bibRefCitation author="Sinev, SYu" editor="Sinev, SYu" journalOrPublisher="Edition 2. Zoological Institute RAS., St Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="165 - 178" refId="B15" refString="Sinev, SYu, Streltzov, AN, 2019. Crambidae. In: Sinev, SYu, Ed., Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. Edition 2. Zoological Institute RAS., St Petersburg: 165 - 178" title="Crambidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia." year="2019">Sinev and Streltzov 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma disparalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disparalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma disparalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, [1855])
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Material examined.</emphasis>
Armenia, Gorovan Sands, 910 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="39.89306">39°53'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="44.7175">44°43'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 5 ♂, 1 ♀, 25.-27.v.2019, O. Karsholt &amp; N. Savenkov (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Turkey (
<bibRefCitation author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="Humana Press Inc., Totowa, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B7" refString="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW, 1843-1855. Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu Jakob Huebner's Sammlung europaeischer Schmetterlinge. 2: Die Schwaermer, Spinner und Eulen. G. J. Manz, Regensburg. [1]-2-450 + (Index) [a1]-2-64, pls. 1+1+2+16+10+4+22+32+124+1." title="Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu Jakob Huebner's Sammlung europaeischer Schmetterlinge. 2: Die Schwaermer, Spinner und Eulen. G. J. Manz, Regensburg. [1] - 2 - 450 + (Index) [a 1] - 2 - 64, pls. 1 + 1 + 2 + 16 + 10 + 4 + 22 + 32 + 124 + 1." year="1843 - 1855">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
1843-1855
</bibRefCitation>
), Southern Caucacus (
<bibRefCitation author="Martin, MO" editor="Medwedjewa, GS" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="340 - 429" refId="B12" refString="Martin, MO, 1986. Pyraustidae. In: Medwedjewa, GS, Ed., Opredelitel Nasekomych Evropejskoj Tschasti SSSR 4(3). Nauka, Leningrad: 340 - 429" title="Pyraustidae." volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evropejskoj Tschasti SSSR 4 (3)." year="1986">Martin 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Armenia (
<bibRefCitation author="Slamka, F" journalOrPublisher="Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B16" refString="Slamka, F, 2006. Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Europe / Europas. 1. Pyralinae, Galleriinae, Epipaschiinae, Cathariinae &amp; Odontiinae. Identification - Distribution - Habitat - Biology / Bestimmung - Verbreitung - Habitat - Bionomie. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava" title="Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Europe / Europas. 1. Pyralinae, Galleriinae, Epipaschiinae, Cathariinae &amp; Odontiinae. Identification - Distribution - Habitat - Biology / Bestimmung - Verbreitung - Habitat - Bionomie." year="2006">Slamka 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma lepidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma lepidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, 1851)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–15" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 14 - 15. Comparative specimens. 14. Tegostoma lepidalis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1851), Armenia (barcoded); 15. Pyrausta gulpembe Kemal &amp; Kocak, 2018, Armenia (barcoded)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures14-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734106" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Material examined.</emphasis>
Armenia, Ararat Province, National Park of Khosrov, Vedi River Valley, 1298 m., 9.vi.2015, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (barcode data NMPC-Lep-0717, NMPC-Lep-0716), P. Vicherek leg. (NMPC).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures14-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734106" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figures 14–15" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 14-15.</emphasis>
Comparative specimens.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma lepidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma lepidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, 1851), Armenia (barcoded);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kemal &amp; Kocak" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrausta gulpembe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulpembe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pyrausta gulpembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kemal &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koçak">Kocak</normalizedToken>
, 2018, Armenia (barcoded).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Turkey (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
1851), Iran (
<bibRefCitation author="Amsel, HG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Fouad ler d'Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B2" refString="Amsel, HG, 1961. Die Microlepidopteren der Brandt'schen Iran-Ausbeute. Arkiv foer Zoologi. 5. Teil. (series 2) 13(17)(1960): 323-445[, pls. 1-9]." title="Die Microlepidopteren der Brandt'schen Iran-Ausbeute. Arkiv foer Zoologi. 5. Teil. (series 2) 13 (17) (1960): 323 - 445 [, pls. 1 - 9]." year="1961">Amsel 1961</bibRefCitation>
), Armenia (this paper).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zerny" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma ruptilineale" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruptilineale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma ruptilineale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zerny, 1914
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Armenia (
<bibRefCitation author="Zerny, H" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" refId="B20" refString="Zerny, H, 1914. Ueber palaearktische Pyraliden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien. Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 28(3-4): 295-348[, pls 25-26]." title="Ueber palaearktische Pyraliden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien. Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 28 (3 - 4): 295 - 348 [, pls 25 - 26]." year="1914">Zerny 1914</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Remarks.</emphasis>
The species was described from Armenia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="faunistic data for pyrausta gulpembe, used as an outgroup in the phylogenetic tree">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Faunistic data for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kemal &amp; Kocak" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrausta gulpembe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulpembe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pyrausta gulpembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, used as an outgroup in the phylogenetic tree
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kemal &amp; Kocak" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrausta gulpembe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulpembe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pyrausta gulpembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kemal &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koçak">Kocak</normalizedToken>
, 2018
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–15" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 14 - 15. Comparative specimens. 14. Tegostoma lepidalis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1851), Armenia (barcoded); 15. Pyrausta gulpembe Kemal &amp; Kocak, 2018, Armenia (barcoded)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figures14-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734106" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Material examined.</emphasis>
Armenia, Areni env., Noravank monastery, 2.vi.2017 (Barcode NMPC-LEP-0715), J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šumpich">Sumpich</normalizedToken>
leg. (NMPC); Armenia, prov. Ararat, Urtsadzor, Caucasus Wildlife Reserve, Eco Lodge, 1250 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="39.949444">39°56'58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="44.887222">44°53'14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 22.-30.v.2019, O. Karsholt, H. Roweck &amp; N. Savenkov leg. (ZMUC); 3 specimens (not sexed), the same locality but 26.iv.-7.v.2022, H. Roweck &amp; N. Savenkov leg. (ECKU); 1 specimen (not sexed), the same locality and date but P. Ivinskis leg. (NRC).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.87795.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734107" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figure 16" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Gorovan Sands near Vedi in Armenia, habitat of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Šumpich &amp; Karsholt &amp; Savenkov &amp; Roweck" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tegostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegostoma burtoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Tegostoma burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Photo A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pavlíčko">Pavlicko</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Molecular data.</emphasis>
BIN: BOLD:AEG0940. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.48% (n = 2). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour, unidentified
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Evergestis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evergestis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Evergestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, [1825] from Iran (BOLD:AAH6764), is 5.61% (p-dist).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
Turkey (
<bibRefCitation author="Kemal, M" journalOrPublisher="Niscellaneous Papers, Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B10" refString="Kemal, M, Kocak, AOe, 2018. Vernal aspect of the Lepidoptera from Nemrut Mountain and the vicinity of Karadut in the Kahta district with a description of a new species (SE Turkey, Adiyaman Province). Niscellaneous Papers, Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara 174: 1 - 21" title="Vernal aspect of the Lepidoptera from Nemrut Mountain and the vicinity of Karadut in the Kahta district with a description of a new species (SE Turkey, Adiyaman Province)." volume="174" year="2018">
Kemal and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koçak">Kocak</normalizedToken>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), Armenia (this paper).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>