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<treatment id="F2CE105589CD6A997E48B7BF8A5422EB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902453" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F2CE105589CD6A997E48B7BF8A5422EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2CE105589CD6A997E48B7BF8A5422EB" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<subSubSection id="AF689A2515CE8614F80A672E2D11D64F" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E3AA0B50345CD9A88A07F832BC0CF7DB" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<taxonomicName id="0A5ECCABF486C631A906DDAF7FF5A36A" ID-CoL="BMLP" authority="Telenga, 1941" authorityName="Telenga" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Telenga, 1941)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="0A5ECCABF486C631A906DDAF7FF5A36A" ID-CoL="BMLP" authority="Telenga, 1941" authorityName="Telenga" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="Telenga" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Telenga, 1941)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 341-342, 343-352
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="76F0487D1738B093F52F11557297023A" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F0BCBD1ACF75CD681DFCB5E8E1F86E0D" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName id="1191F700483A0765FFAC4A5AD736EC44" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">
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||||
<pageBreakToken id="8A69FFA8EDAE41FFBF7203FB69452AA8" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="start">Heterogamus</pageBreakToken>
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testaceus
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||||
<taxonomicName id="A09837DD71789C078097E3205B097F6E" authority="Telenga, 1941: 134" authorityName="Telenga" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">
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||||
<pageBreakToken id="1DBBF61AAB199A44F066721095F3D763" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="start">Heterogamus</pageBreakToken>
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testaceus Telenga, 1941: 134
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</taxonomicName>
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Telenga, 1941: 134;
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;
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="42E4F13CA748E279F7D8761AA7BACCC0" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1202;
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="27AA397F5C80A94E3154C55E8C08AFED" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 501" title="Rogadinae: 72 - 85." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4." year="1986">Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
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@ -61,9 +61,12 @@ Telenga, 1941: 134;
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: 115 (examined).
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="BB2DA97C16F47CEC5989892C810B6E94" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B47869AAE0E364847414D228C5FBDB1B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="257F8487C84F745592BA54547C22E5F0" authority="Bergamesco et al. 1995: 5" authorityName="Bergamesco" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">
|
||||
Aleiodes testaceus
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="119921E5170AE153289056AF9816BFC0" author="Bergamesco, P" journalOrPublisher="Checklist della Specie della Fauna Italiana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="2 - 29" title="HymenopteraBraconidae." volume="95" year="1995">Bergamesco et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 5;
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: 5
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="63EE96BF89620B0F6DA852CDD85C988F" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichte Luzern" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="59 - 134" title="Contributions to the braconid fauna of Monte Generoso, Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="35" year="1996">Papp and Rezbanyai-Reser 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 83, 87,
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="C9396E6C0939D23429231D0D25A6847A" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichte Luzern" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="113 - 120" title="Zur Brackwespenfauna der Insel Brissago, Kanton Tessin (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="38" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
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||||
|
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@ -90,40 +93,42 @@ Telenga, 1941: 134;
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<paragraph id="94CBCF3C5933A6A4A469D202B2ED0600" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Biology.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="4C3EDB4F25BD8AEC279B123AA0CE12DA" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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This is a plurivoltine parasitoid of
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||||
<taxonomicName id="3AF6F2FEF202AF8958AB98AAF37F955D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3AF6F2FEF202AF8958AB98AAF37F955D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDCC7F417B0E60C0702A7CF559C3324C" family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDCC7F417B0E60C0702A7CF559C3324C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E18243E5509401AB7D44E3B7426923B8" lsidName="" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E18243E5509401AB7D44E3B7426923B8" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and close relatives feeding on flowers, overwintering as an adult. Specimens in NMS reared from wild collected larvae identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18EFC73B8C060BC62EE0C7EFBF013569" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia dodoneata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodoneata">Eupithecia dodoneata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="339BE685F6FDCAC84701FCCD025D0B9A" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia dodoneata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodoneata">
|
||||
Eupithecia dodoneata
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="88AF54AC19328EEA644D6B140D5AED52" originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(10; T.H. Ford/France, M.R. Shaw/France),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B5106E830BC49E359EE844930B3E4B5" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B5106E830BC49E359EE844930B3E4B5" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (6),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA383D6AFCDC1D07D88782B8FCA842A1" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloroclystis v-ata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="v-ata">Chloroclystis v-ata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Haworth) (9; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E6551CA085378E43A2CDB58590D6403" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis rufifasciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufifasciata">Gymnoscelis rufifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Haworth) (2; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw). Hosts were always associated with flowers, especially of trees (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7C9A5745437250D62FADB1BECE3B16C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8740985797270A83AE95FA285B676566" authority="(Haworth)" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclystis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloroclystis v-ata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="v-ata">Chloroclystis v-ata (Haworth)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(9; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BE3CD705F485C280960DB63B90911AC" authority="(Haworth)" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis rufifasciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufifasciata">Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haworth)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(2; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw). Hosts were always associated with flowers, especially of trees (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3DA2634F942AA6C2130738F4AD3B7B41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and shrubby plants (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="082ABB1C32B63A8E4541AF8203074BBE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ligustrum" order="Lamiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ligustrum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5284AA3C23D9C1FA184955AA6C9E003" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ligustrum" order="Lamiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ligustrum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7B79C83577A89BC97F0B02FD3EE4721" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Clematis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clematis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Clematis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C39E75D2FECF967A917B5EF3149454A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Clematis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clematis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Clematis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), but including field layer plants (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47847FD52EE397DD92D4B7F12369CA66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solidago" order="Asterales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solidago</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BA81E19C821D8853513FEC9773D235F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solidago" order="Asterales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solidago</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03202C7EE112F158067E79F28F16D39B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Torilis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Torilis" order="Apiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Torilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96673A9FF1C8E1D4E1D8D45ED04AAFD9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Torilis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Torilis" order="Apiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Torilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Adults always emerge in the year of formation of the mummy, and females of this species overwinter as adults. In addition to a torpid specimen having been beaten from conifers in late December and another taken in early March (both M.W.R. de Vere Graham, southern England), this has been confirmed experimentally. However, in captivity the females tend to become active and require food above about 4 °C, indicating that the species is best adapted to areas where the winter is relatively short, as
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="3A0FFEF3707B679391F67BBC2D32902E" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
southern Europe. Dissection of 5 (out of 51) female specimens collected by fogging
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC59A9A18500407421F654448404F1BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02415096488CBBA47E3CD5F4814DCB36" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
canopy in mid September (southern England, N.E. Stork) revealed neither mature nor developing eggs, only moderately extensive fat bodies. As the species had
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="92129B983CAE08B4D96FB26A2CD37AC4" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" start="start">been</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
virtually absent from other fortnightly samples fogged from the same trees, it seems that they were feeding, perhaps on honeydew, prior to overwintering elsewhere. Because males are found late in the summer as well as early, it appears to be a plurivoltine species; however, it is unclear whether the autumnal specimens lacking mature eggs had resorbed them or refrained from developing them. Light trapped specimens tend to be female, but this is probably just a consequence of the much longer life span of the female sex, and in reared series the sex ratio is more equal. The light brown, banana-shaped, apically attenuated and short-lived mummy is interesting in not being stuck down at the thoracic area; instead (at least when forming from relatively elongate and fully exposed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB5F45B582D36B2A7DEEEBB6A4B465DC" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB5F45B582D36B2A7DEEEBB6A4B465DC" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae such as those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B84FBD90F687F45961188E20911FDEB" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia dodoneata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodoneata">Eupithecia dodoneata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B84FBD90F687F45961188E20911FDEB" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia dodoneata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodoneata">Eupithecia dodoneata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) it projects outwards at an angle similar to that normally adopted by the host at rest. None the less, a ventral opening is made by the parasitoid larva in the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ADC61F9179D207338CF3485EF2827CEA" originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
thoracic region at the time of mummification, through which a small quantity of fluid is expelled and quickly dries.
|
||||
|
|
@ -145,17 +150,17 @@ as long as hind basitarsus; tarsal claws setose; pterostigma, inner side of basa
|
|||
<caption id="11C98A7E765955715C1A9A74C55993BC" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<paragraph id="073095E2435FDCE978C64D52506ABC48" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
Figures 341-342.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5369BB387BD701780C1110613DA2E5A7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Telenga), ♀, England, Bodney. 341 habitus lateral 342 mummy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="76CC4A67E13F6D24CFF9803F4152B185" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis rufofasciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciata">Gymnoscelis rufofasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Haworth).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5766327F8C1B8D842731A23099075125" authority="(Telenga)" baseAuthorityName="Telenga" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Telenga)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, ♀, England, Bodney. 341 habitus lateral 342 mummy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A8E8012BF707D45EBCF30475FCAD2B4" authority="(Haworth)" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis rufofasciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciata">Gymnoscelis rufofasciata (Haworth)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="A3A7D91280B694332987CA2DD426748C" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2326996212E6031E31CEB2894BF1359" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
Figures 343-352.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C98862356F8394BBD39C014D4897CABE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Telenga), ♀, France, Var, Garde Freinet. 343 wings 344 mesosoma lateral 345 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 346 hind leg lateral 347 fore femur lateral 348 basal segments of antenna 349 head anterior 350 head lateral 351 head dorsal 352 apical segments of antenna.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C8F747A9888B82524A55D88E636118C3" authority="(Telenga)" baseAuthorityName="Telenga" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Telenga)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, ♀, France, Var, Garde Freinet. 343 wings 344 mesosoma lateral 345 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 346 hind leg lateral 347 fore femur lateral 348 basal segments of antenna 349 head anterior 350 head lateral 351 head dorsal 352 apical segments of antenna.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -216,124 +221,126 @@ as long as second tergite; fourth tergite without sharp lateral crease; remainde
|
|||
<paragraph id="E9D4275342DB8F293CDB48F1D2692BF0" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">This species is distinctive and (with the wide use of UV light traps by lepidopterists) proving to be rather common in southern England, but it seems to have been very rarely collected and generally overlooked as a British species until quite recently. However, it has probably been present for a long time; a British specimen in the Dale collection (OUM) is dated 1892. In The Netherlands known since 2006 but only from one locality in the southern province of Noord-Brabant. On average the males have 2-3 antennal segments more than females.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="87B95CE7470B00141E41A7F9A164C073" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
The name "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84431A79DE40620AA3260B0C5287262E" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceus" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="testaceus">testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84431A79DE40620AA3260B0C5287262E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" (or the invalid emendation "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D33B8E19791300559FAE267BAFA83176" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceator" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="testaceator">testaceator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4FC6440FDEA589AE3D95CBAA2B8CC3F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceator">testaceator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE343BB2851F0FC718AF12769D3146E4" author="Thunberg, CP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="249 - 281" title="Ichneumonidea, InsectaHymenoptera illustrata." volume="8" year="1822">Thunberg (1822)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) has been used for 3 different taxa or groups of taxa in the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9468C739550DB4DE4641FB00C5213121" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9468C739550DB4DE4641FB00C5213121" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB30C5A0FC840D0C4964606884CEBD1F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB30C5A0FC840D0C4964606884CEBD1F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A42E432BE6DA050C6AEDDB3552EF17F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A42E432BE6DA050C6AEDDB3552EF17F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="870974F83FCA86F140454ABE5A908E1E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="870974F83FCA86F140454ABE5A908E1E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3EB0E7993598F0EAA8D39FB8C0DF7D2" family="Braconidae" lsidName="" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3EB0E7993598F0EAA8D39FB8C0DF7D2" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45B58B7AB41E367CBDD66E722E51CC86" lsidName="" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rogadinae">Rogadinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45B58B7AB41E367CBDD66E722E51CC86" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rogadinae">Rogadinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Most taxa included in the past in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A1513BFB0FD3DAB09137AC51F743064" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A1513BFB0FD3DAB09137AC51F743064" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF03ADCE094753864588092F73C653EE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF03ADCE094753864588092F73C653EE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are now included in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB3AD9B1BA4D5A596B804C86E3A6B328" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wesmael, 1838 s. l. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F5E2B76F617253424230ABA6C7175E5" authority="Wesmael, 1838" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="914D6C2E68BA205D6A3096157F4E5C0D" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7A5B4BA7DF3C5AC07FC1A418A528DB5" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as well as some taxa formerly included in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7956029ACDAD96673075CF86B68C8C59" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wesmael, 1838 (including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="326C7B95835156F3D59F53AC83034E76" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Heterogamus testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Telenga, 1941).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F04FB05F6FCC0EF58F459AB64E905A67" authority="Wesmael, 1838" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamus Wesmael, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0749D5D8158B0271B6AD42C271A7C0BC" authority="Telenga, 1941" authorityName="Telenga" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Heterogamus testaceus Telenga, 1941</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1AA5A7D30623D85F00D43DD425D10AEB" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="46287271278C1346C1DA8C3FE2BB7684" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
oldest name is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AF9F898B589D000586FEC65F40387C5D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fabricius, 1798, not Gmelin, 1790. As a junior homonym
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A7282035298079FDC5567D04CA6C0CC2" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fabricius is unavailable, and the oldest available name for this taxon is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6C17FB2579A6CE6CB04397EDD7CE985" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees, 1834 (see
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB2CFFE326CEC0CF886A2421344C7F4D" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus Fabricius, 1798</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, not Gmelin, 1790. As a junior homonym
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62E0BF4BF0D7934B48AF540766519762" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus Fabricius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unavailable, and the oldest available name for this taxon is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5CB0FE887B7731A777B854A1F17F784" authority="Nees, 1834" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus Nees, 1834</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="08D78AF20C4F9BB89C3AEBF277971C9A" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="133 - 139" title="Notes on some type-species described by Fabricius of the subfamilies Braconinae, Rogadinae, Microgastrinae and Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="42" year="1982">van Achterberg 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In 1822 Thunberg emended the Fabrician name to "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2721878BEF62479598F461A8C0E94856" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceator" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="species" species="testaceator">testaceator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="655B77AFFAC661B3C32E75DE2C916597" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceator">testaceator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
", but this emendation is invalid. The senior homonym
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56ED6F1EDF037DFA18E1F95043F7874E" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gmelin is a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA6E45A4E537E58F35B37E17B19CBE2F" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Monoblastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monoblastus brachyacanthus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyacanthus">Monoblastus brachyacanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Gmelin, 1790) and belongs to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A85F45CAC7C2284EE8B40D200FB29D35" family="Ichneumonidae" lsidName="" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0320C5DD15CA0A28EF35B19DC629965B" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus Gmelin</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E1D1D6AEA89D8CDB8C396930AA4B6DE" authority="(Gmelin, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Monoblastus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monoblastus brachyacanthus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyacanthus">Monoblastus brachyacanthus (Gmelin, 1790)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and belongs to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A85F45CAC7C2284EE8B40D200FB29D35" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6506B29FCA0BBC95036B6BD29FED3EA" lsidName="" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tryphoninae">Tryphoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Yu & Horstmann 1997).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D84376C99A487C3C19C06C285A746D59" authority="(Yu & Horstmann 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Yu & Horstmann" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tryphoninae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" subFamily="Tryphoninae">Tryphoninae (Yu & Horstmann 1997)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FCAC3F7274FCC33FBBBED0347E0C6225" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
Second is "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA078F52ABAA0E9B9E591E6B14667443" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA078F52ABAA0E9B9E591E6B14667443" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="20E8D5E09FE2CAD2796032242E37C307" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Genua" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" title="Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit (Hymenoptera)." year="1808">Spinola (1808)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
of which the original combination is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="63A878078E3248026711E676E5260D66" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bracon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="63A878078E3248026711E676E5260D66" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bracon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It has so often been considered to be a valid taxon that it is included as such in Taxapad (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CCF62472C0F93F503714AC63F9DCE636" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, in the supposed description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E2211A293E93CA93C423A10DDB9FB19A" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Genua" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" title="Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit (Hymenoptera)." year="1808">Spinola (1808)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the author refers to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3D0F5EBABDA3E4493AC889D007891E1" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fabricius, 1798, and it is, therefore, not a valid description of a new taxon. Nomenclaturally it is the same as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ABB6AF4FC8580E7DE806670402B628E8" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees, 1834 (see above), but subsequent authors have incorrectly interpreted it as another (or other) species.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6E91D6CA2BB565F20DE2533A100D534" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees is a valid name and refers to the type species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1153850A01610837E5379E341A03FEC7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees, 1819, and its (unjustified) emendation
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB1A8482792E8FCFDF58158B5F39A9DB" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D69C8BEA7438056469863F80A5EBD99E" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus Fabricius, 1798</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and it is, therefore, not a valid description of a new taxon. Nomenclaturally it is the same as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C50A5B78DCB4D371F38FBAF0C0237FD2" authority="Nees, 1834" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus Nees, 1834</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see above), but subsequent authors have incorrectly interpreted it as another (or other) species.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3EBA3C90D6AD01C031F0510A37953358" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus Nees</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a valid name and refers to the type species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F97F09BBDF573074C74D3E29FF356C3" authority="Nees, 1819" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas Nees, 1819</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and its (unjustified) emendation
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB1A8482792E8FCFDF58158B5F39A9DB" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Agassiz, 1849. "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23A33DE0CB78DFB1DBE2F84DA220178A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Spinola)" of authors usually refers to one or another of several brownish yellow (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49B89726C29EC21D1FF9214731EFB4ED" authority="(Spinola)" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Spinola)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" of authors usually refers to one or another of several brownish yellow (
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DA7D9AB33E33B42B7CB0487B5F876B84" originalValue="“testaceous”">"testaceous"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1705B0BDD138917D44A241956E355677" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1705B0BDD138917D44A241956E355677" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, most often the taxon which we consider to be correctly named as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="10AB632964D90A79B665EFFC7FFE7DFE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Aleiodes similis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Curtis, 1834), or taxa included in Taxapad under the species-aggregate of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F4D3C21C819019CBFD1444462D7FE83" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes gastritor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastritor">Aleiodes gastritor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Thunberg, 1822) s. l. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D21FF2A017F1A77B459143DBD53DED98" authority="(Curtis, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Aleiodes similis (Curtis, 1834)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, or taxa included in Taxapad under the species-aggregate of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="44A348323036C647EE9C02A888B4B07A" authority="(Thunberg, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes gastritor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="gastritor">Aleiodes gastritor (Thunberg, 1822)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6141C2D94F2E20E314AEBBFAB62C089" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="313249EF4E185D68D67DF00F56180085" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). According to Art. 11.5 of the ICZN Code (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3D0456544CBA8971EAAAEEB75A0ED421" author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), to be available a name must be used as valid for a taxon when proposed, unless it was first published as a junior synonym and subsequently made available under the provisions of Art. 11.6.1. The status of a previously unavailable name is not changed by its mere citation as a valid taxon (Art. 11.5.2) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A1B280824A34034900EE6AADE57ACA0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bracon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A1B280824A34034900EE6AADE57ACA0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bracon testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was not described by Spinola as a new taxon. A name could become available according to Art. 11.10, if it was deliberately employed for a misidentified type species, but this does not apply to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA922CFD9A531F1147F525A3D396B31D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA922CFD9A531F1147F525A3D396B31D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of Spinola. In principle, to maintain prevailing usage of a misinterpreted name, the case could be brought to the Commission for a ruling, but in our opinion there are no good reasons to do this because the intention of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C800D4121B3E34DFFA0E294CDFB27CA0" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Genua" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" title="Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit (Hymenoptera)." year="1808">Spinola (1808)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is unambiguous, the name has been used for several taxa, and it is not an iconic name that should be preserved because of many unambiguous published citations outside of the field of taxonomy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB08C9B32A5C9BFB1D14FB5B241E8A0C" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
Finally,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="72074CE77F169873491EDE9671F14BED" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Heterogamus testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Telenga, 1941, was (correctly in our view) included in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BEAD5AFCEA85B74046E27EA7CB56ED1F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECCE029822439D9B419DEEF42BDEA5A8" authority="Telenga, 1941" authorityName="Telenga" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Heterogamus testaceus Telenga, 1941</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was (correctly in our view) included in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BEAD5AFCEA85B74046E27EA7CB56ED1F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by several authors, including
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9CD5BD04946221D48EC6734B6AC38548" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9275505541EA22909F61A55DED8FF03B" author="Bergamesco, P" journalOrPublisher="Checklist della Specie della Fauna Italiana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="2 - 29" title="HymenopteraBraconidae." volume="95" year="1995">Bergamesco et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Thus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="913A6C8FCEF781C5AFFABB060E2FDA5F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Telenga) could be confused, nomenclaturally, with "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E50E704D61D52B2EC0C134DAAFEE110A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Spinola)" of authors (belonging mainly to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F33CBED3104554A98E0DD5837AB9A9FE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes gastritor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastritor">Aleiodes gastritor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BCDF315512FC5ECFADFB3C18F23D5EFB" authority="(Telenga)" baseAuthorityName="Telenga" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Telenga)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
could be confused, nomenclaturally, with "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BEE33453CA099F974DF530BE71FFCEEE" authority="(Spinola)" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Spinola)</taxonomicName>
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" of authors (belonging mainly to the
|
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<taxonomicName id="F33CBED3104554A98E0DD5837AB9A9FE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes gastritor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastritor">Aleiodes gastritor</taxonomicName>
|
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-aggregate or other taxa of what we refer to in this paper as the
|
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<taxonomicName id="ACEFBE251CFF427C462C463130247A9D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicName id="ACEFBE251CFF427C462C463130247A9D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-group). The two are only distantly related according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4EA82AFE3FDE1A4412380D7963DE18A9" author="Fortier, JC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="204 - 237" title="Cladistics of the Aleiodes lineage of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="8" year="1999">Fortier and Shaw (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, a conclusion with which we concur (including from unpublished molecular data; Quicke et al. in prep.). Included among the purposes of this paper is to clarify the differences between these taxa and to suppress the incorrect usage of the name "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="429FFF2C6CAE37EB224AC514A092B870" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Spinola)" of authors not (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A19FE70BA951C66688FBECC310AF366F" authority="(Spinola)" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Spinola)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" of authors not (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C9F0AB1FBF2B4BD8DFE46817465C34D9" author="Telenga, NA" journalOrPublisher="Hymenoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 466" title="Family Braconidae, subfamily Braconinae (continuation) and Sigalphinae. Fauna USSR." volume="5" year="1941">Telenga 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), as for example by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="806367FEFE42D8A29C7386DE86E325A9" author="Quicke, DLJ" journalOrPublisher="Wiley Blackwell" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" title="The Braconid and Ichneumonid Parasitoid Wasps - Biology, Systematics, Wvolution and Ecology" year="2015">Quicke (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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