diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF92FF1D6806FACE8ACE.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF92FF1D6806FACE8ACE.xml index bad314a23bd..191901d388d 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF92FF1D6806FACE8ACE.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF92FF1D6806FACE8ACE.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Genus - + Malaxa Melichar, 1914 @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Genus Type species. - + Malaxa acutipennis Melichar, 1914 @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Genus - + Malaxa Melichar 1914 @@ -167,15 +167,15 @@ Hou . Melichar (1914) provided no indication of the derivation of the genus name - + Malaxa . Its derivation could be from a geographical locality (e.g., the village or landform on Crete ), from a surname (e.g., of the Romanian engineer Nicolae -Malaxa +Malaxa ), from an arbitrary combination of letters or from some other source; but none of those can obviously be recommended as the derivation of the name. We suggest that - + Malaxa be treated as an arbitrary combination of letters that is feminine in gender because of past usage and the name termination (- diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2.xml index 62b5396757c..6a25a91edf6 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2.xml @@ -1,55 +1,55 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 - + Malaxa acutipennis Melichar, 1914 @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ measurement). Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (in dorsal view; length I (ratio I:II 0.43–0.46: 1). Pronotum length at midline nearly equal to length of vertex; all carinae (lateral and median) attaining hind margin. Mesonotum longer in middle line than vertex and pronotum together (1.41– 1.82: 1). Tegmina much longer than abdomen, clear with fuscous veins; apex of forewing distinctly pointed, leading margin arced so that wing width greatest near midlength ( Figs 2 , -35 +35 ). Nodus just preceding midlength; Sc+RP separated from MP at basal cell, fork of SC+RA from RP near nodal line; Cu fork just past midlength of clavus; PCu+1A joined in basal third of clavus. Spinulation of hind leg 5-6-4 ( Fig. 3 ); calcar large and thick, concave on inner surface, without teeth along the hind margin, with an apical tooth. Pygofer roughly quadrate in lateral view, slightly longer ventrally than dorsally ( @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ length I (ratio I:II 0.43–0.46: 1). Pronotum length at midline nearly equal to FIGURES 1–6. - + Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label. @@ -123,58 +123,58 @@ length I (ratio I:II 0.43–0.46: 1). Pronotum length at midline nearly equal to Remarks . Several differences can be observed between - + Malaxa acutipennis and the Chinese species in that genus. The most salient of these are that - + M. acutipennis has an apically pointed forewing (rounded in all other - + Malaxa ) with the leading margin arced (giving the wing a spatulate appearance; parallel-sided in all other - + Malaxa ); the more elongate pronotum with the carinae clearly reaching the hind margin (most other - + Malaxa with a relatively shorter pronotum with lateral carinae not reaching); and the genitalia with a simple ventral margin of the pygofer opening (vs. having projections on the opening of the pygofer); and the simple anal tube (most Chinese - + Malaxa bear a single, large, asymmetrical projection on the anal tube). Also, it appears that in - + Malaxa acutipennis , the frons is widest just above the frontoclypeal margin and the first antennal segment is longitudinally grooved on the ventral portion of the front. We did not examine other non-Chinese - + Malaxa outside of - + M. acutipennis (i.e., - + M. javanensis Muir , - + M. nigra Muir , and - + M. obtusipennis Muir ); however, - + Malaxa javanensis (see @@ -184,13 +184,13 @@ Muir : Java ]), has a large asymmetrical process on the anal tube and an acuminate midventral process on the opening of the pygofer. - + Malaxa nigra [ Philippine Islands ; Luzon], was described by Muir as having a midventral process on the pygofer and a large spine on the left side of the anal tube. - + Malaxa obtusipennis [ @@ -200,23 +200,23 @@ Muir ] was described from 3 females , and so the features of the male terminalia are not available for consideration. Given our observations, it is reasonable to question the monophyly of - + Malaxa in the Old World, but at this time it is not clear whether the observed differences represent a sequence of autapomorphies for - + M. acutipennis , or alternatively that the genus-composition of Old World - + Malaxa requires reconsideration. However, our purpose was to contrast - + Malaxa from the Old World to those from the Neotropics. As presented below, we find that the Neotropical - + Malaxa differ from those in the Old World in a number of respects, and have here segregated them into two new genera. @@ -224,13 +224,13 @@ differ from those in the Old World in a number of respects, and have here segreg Specimens examined ( - + Malaxa ) . - + Malaxa acutipennis Melichar, 1914 @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ Specimens examined ( - + Malaxa fusca Yang & Yang, 1986 @@ -271,10 +271,11 @@ W jct rt - + Malaxa +sp. -sp.: +: Thailand , Phetchabun diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF92FF1D6C0AFA3C8E84.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF92FF1D6C0AFA3C8E84.xml index 13abf3dc1a2..4c312e69b3e 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF92FF1D6C0AFA3C8E84.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF92FF1D6C0AFA3C8E84.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Key to Genera of New World -Tropidocephalini +Tropidocephalini (revised from Bartlett 2009 ). @@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ Key to Genera of New World 1 Body strongly dorsoventrally flattened ( Fig. 34 ); frons rather square, median carinae of frons forked ventrally near lower margin of eyes ( -Fig. 35 +Fig. 35 ).................................................................. - + Procidelphax Bartlett @@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ Bartlett - Body not flattened (e.g., -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 ), frons rectangular, median carinae not forked (e.g., -Fig. 17 +Fig. 17 ), except dorsally near fastigium in some species......................................................................................... 2 @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Bartlett 2 Vertex much (ca. 1.5x) longer than broad, rounded anteriorly in dorsal view ( Fig. 30 ); median carina of vertex unbranched....................................................................................... - + Macrocorupha Muir @@ -104,18 +104,20 @@ Muir 3 Antennae very long ( -Figs. 10, 12 +Figs. 10, 12 ), exceeding posterior margin of mesothorax; both segments long (much longer than wide) with segment I nearly ½ length segment II........................................................ - + Lamaxa -n. g. + +n. g. + - Antennae not as long ( -Figs 19–20 +Figs 19–20 ), not exceeding mesothorax; generally segment I somewhat longer than wide and 1/3 or less length of II......................................................................................... 4 @@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ Muir 4 Lateral carinae of pronotum reaching hind margin ( Fig. 31 ); the Y-carina of vertex not distinct, sometimes forming a rounded areolet at apex of the median carina; anal tube with or without processes (a heterogeneous taxon, often strongly marked on body and wings)....................................................................... - + Columbisoga Muir @@ -144,17 +146,17 @@ Muir 5 Wings clear and unmarked (except fuscous at wing base in - + C. caresi ); head and body uniformly colored ( Fig. 32 ); ventral margin of pygofer with broad forked process (also with a pair of lateral projections in the type species - + C. lloydi ); aedeagus caudally directed or somewhat twisted, not strongly curved ventrad.................................. - + Columbiana Muir @@ -163,16 +165,18 @@ Muir - Wings clear, strongly marked with fuscous ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 ); body dark, marked with pale (especially on head; -Fig. 23 +Fig. 23 ); ventral margin of pygofer with broad scoop-like projection (not apically forked; -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 ) and a pair of lateral teeth; aedeagus strongly downcurved..................................................................................... - + Xalama -n. g. + +n. g. + diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF93FF1D6FD1FA3C8AC3.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF93FF1D6FD1FA3C8AC3.xml index 18623cdb3eb..0a0c33c4d36 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF93FF1D6FD1FA3C8AC3.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B343FF93FF1D6FD1FA3C8AC3.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Key to genus for - + Malaxa and related groups examined in this work (males) @@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ and related groups examined in this work (males) 1. Forewings apically pointed ( Figs. 2 , -35 +35 ), arched on leading margin (giving wings a spatulate appearance); anal tube of male simple (not bearing processes; Fig. 5 ) and opening of male pygofer without processes; recorded from Philippines............................................................................................... - + Malaxa acutipennis @@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ and related groups examined in this work (males) 1’- Forewings apically rounded ( -Figs. 36–37 +Figs. 36–37 ), leading margin straight; anal tube of male either simple (e.g., -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 ) or with 1–2 processes; opening of pygofer with processes of varying sorts (e.g., -Figs. 13 +Figs. 13 , -25, 27 +25, 27 )............................... 2 @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ and related groups examined in this work (males) 2. Anal tube with 1–2 processes; opening of pygofer usually bearing two broad lamellate medioventral processes, between them a V-like emargination; recorded from China.......................................... - + Malaxa sensu Hou @@ -106,15 +106,15 @@ Hou 2’- Anal tube simple ( -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 ); opening of pygofer either with a small midventral forked process ( -Figs. 13 +Figs. 13 , -25 +25 , -41 +41 ), or a broad, scoop-like projection plus a pair of lateral teeth ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 ); Neotropical........................................... 3 @@ -123,22 +123,24 @@ Hou 3. Antennae very long (exceeding mesonotum), segment I several times as long as broad ( -Figs. 10, 12 +Figs. 10, 12 ); pygofer bearing a midventral forked process ( -Figs. 13 +Figs. 13 , -25 +25 , -41 +41 ); aedeagus caudally directed bearing poorly sclerotized terminal process ( -Figs. 26 +Figs. 26 , -38 +38 ); hind leg spinulation 5-7-5 or 5-6-5............................................................. - + Lamaxa -n. g. + +n. g. + @@ -146,18 +148,20 @@ Hou 3’- Antennae shorter, not exceeding mesonotum, segment I about 2x as long as wide and approximately 1/3 length of segment II ( -Figs. 19–20 +Figs. 19–20 ); pygofer opening with broad, median scoop-like projection and pair of rounded lateral teeth ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 ); aedeagus robust and strongly downcurved ( -Figs. 28 +Figs. 28 , -39 +39 ); hind leg spinulation 5-6-4................................ - + Xalama -n. g. + +n. g. + diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B344FF97FF1D68E8FEA68FA3.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B344FF97FF1D68E8FEA68FA3.xml index 398b1cd0d51..1f36649e34a 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B344FF97FF1D68E8FEA68FA3.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B344FF97FF1D68E8FEA68FA3.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 - + Lamaxa , @@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ ( -Figures 7–18 +Figures 7–18 , -25–26 +25–26 , -36 +36 , -38, 40–42 +38, 40–42 ) @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Type species . - + Malaxa occidentalis Muir, 1926 @@ -101,15 +101,15 @@ Body slender and elongate; length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina) males ( 5.10–5.62 mm , n=6). Head much narrower than pronotum ( -Figs. 7, 10 +Figs. 7, 10 ), carinae concolorous. Lateral carinae of clypeus, frons (~metope) and vertex (~coryphe) distinct, other carinae obscure, especially near fastigium. Frons elongate and parallel-sided, widest near frontoclypeal suture, narrowed to fastigium ( -Figs. 9, 12 +Figs. 9, 12 ; l:w x ‾ = 2.6:1). Vertex longer than broad at base (l:w x ‾ = 1.4:1), distally narrowing and projected slightly in front of eyes; submedian carinae uniting before fastigium, basal compartments longer than wide. Rostrum reaching or exceeding metathoracic trochanters. Antennae cylindrical, both segments very long ( -Figs. 10, 12 +Figs. 10, 12 ), surpassing apex of clypeus (and apex of mesonotum), segment I close to half length of II (ratio I:II 0.4–0.5:1), length antennal segment I x ‾ = @@ -117,23 +117,23 @@ Body slender and elongate; length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina) males , II  = 1.05 mm . Pronotum shorter than vertex in middle line, lateral carinae usually not attaining hind margin. Mesonotum longer in middle line than vertex and pronotum together. Wings elongate, much longer than abdomen, nodus at about 2/3 length, apex acutely rounded ( -Fig. 36 +Fig. 36 ). Spinal formula of hind leg 5-7-5 (or 5-6-5). Calcar thick, concave on inner surface, without teeth along the hind margin, with an apical tooth. Pygofer irregularly quadrilateral in lateral view ( -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 ). In caudal view, opening carinate, with midventral forked process ( -Figs. 13 +Figs. 13 , -25 +25 ), broad lamellate medioventral processes absent. Dorsocaudal margins of pygofer expanded and inflected to partially enclose anal tube ( -Fig. 42 +Fig. 42 ), diaphragm evident, armature absent. Gonostyli broad basally, basal angles prominent, diverging and narrowed distally to apically to blunt or acute apex ( -Figs. 25 +Figs. 25 , -40 +40 ). Aedeagus elongate and tubular with large, flattened, poorly sclerotized subapical process ( -Figs. 14 +Figs. 14 , -38 +38 ; representing a flagellum?). Anal tube (anal segment) small, without processes. @@ -141,85 +141,85 @@ Body slender and elongate; length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina) males Remarks . - + Lamaxa differs from - + Malaxa acutipennis in having a parallel-sided wing with a rounded apex (vs. pointed with an arched leading wing edge in - + Malaxa acutipennis ); antennae are similar in proportion but nearly twice as long in - + Lamaxa than - + Malaxa acutipennis (and lacking the ventral carina on I); the genitalia of - + Lamaxa bear a forked projection on the pygofer opening, whereas - + Malaxa acutipennis is simple; and the dorsocaudal margin of the pygofer is expanded in - + Lamaxa but not in - + Malaxa . The aedeagus of - + Lamaxa is slightly curved and caudally directed, bearing weakly sclerotized apical projections (vs. downcurved in - + Malaxa acutipennis ). - + Lamaxa differs from the Chinese - + Malaxa in structural proportions along with distinctive features of the male genitalia. - + Lamaxa is larger than the Chinese - + Malaxa , the vertex is more elongate, the lateral carinae of the pronotum are laterally curved, usually not reaching the hind margin, and the spinulation of the hind leg is 5-7-5 (or 5-6-5) (instead of 5-6-4). More distinctly, in - + Lamaxa , the anal tube is without processes, whereas in Chinese - + Malaxa , the anal tube bears a single (sometimes 2), large usually strongly asymmetrical process(es). In - + Lamaxa , the dorsocaudal angle of the pygofer is projected (simple in Chinese - + Malaxa ), and the midventral portion of the pygofer opening bears a forked process, whereas in Chinese - + Malaxa , there are “two broad lamellate medioventral processes, between of them with a V-like emargination” ( @@ -229,46 +229,46 @@ Hou . 2013 : 867), although these are reduced in some species. In Chinese - + Malaxa , the aedeagus is downcurved and C-shaped, whereas in - + Lamaxa the aedeagus is slightly curved and caudally directed, bearing weakly sclerotized apical projections, missing from Chinese - + Malaxa . Species included are - + Lamaxa gracilis ( Fennah, 1945 ) and - + Lamaxa occidentalis ( Muir, 1926 ) . Two female specimens, probably representing additional species of - + Lamaxa were examined (listed below under ‘females tentatively assigned to - + Lamaxa ’). One was a specimen from Honduras that was similar to the coloration of - + Lamaxa occidentalis , except that the face (frons, genae, clypeus) were broadly black except for a strongly contrasting pale stripe above the frontoclypeal suture, also bearing more substantially embrowned wings. The second, from southern @@ -280,11 +280,11 @@ that was similar to the coloration of Etymology . The new genus name “ - + Lamaxa ” is an anagram of “ - + Malaxa ”, and is to be understood as feminine in gender. diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B347FF99FF1D68E8FD588E3A.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B347FF99FF1D68E8FD588E3A.xml index 8e4528fecaf..ef20e75a97f 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B347FF99FF1D68E8FD588E3A.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B347FF99FF1D68E8FD588E3A.xml @@ -1,63 +1,63 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 - + Lamaxa occidentalis ( Muir, 1926 ) , -New combination +New combination @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ = - + Malaxa occidentalis Muir, 1926 @@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ ( -Figures 7–14 +Figures 7–14 , -25–26 +25–26 , -36 +36 , -38 +38 ) @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ River near . Color. Brownish-orange with characteristic paler and deep brown markings ( -Figs. 7–12 +Figs. 7–12 ); paler on disc of pronotum, above the frontoclypeal suture, and on middle portion of antennal segment II; dark brown on dorsal portion of clypeus, distal portion of antennal segment I, proximal and apical portion of antennal segment II, pronotal paratergites [often also marked with white], dorsum or mesonontum and the ventral portion of mesopleuron (details varying intraspecifically). Wings clear, usually with white marking along PCu in clavus (often faded in older specimens) and a broad dark, transverse, crescent-shaped marking, opened proximad [sometimes inclosing whitish patch], and a narrow dark crescent opening caudally along nodal line and trailing margin of wing to near wing apex; sometimes also a dark bar from nodal line diagonally to the near wing midline; sometimes also darkened near apex of clavus; details and extent of markings varied by species and locality. Structure. Body slender and elongate; length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina) males @@ -127,17 +127,17 @@ Body slender and elongate; length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina) males ( 5.10–5.62 mm , n=6). Head much narrower than pronotum ( -Figs. 7, 10 +Figs. 7, 10 ), carinae concolorous. Lateral carinae of clypeus, frons and vertex distinct, other carinae obscure, especially near fastigium. Frons elongate and parallel-sided, widest at frontoclypeal suture, narrowed to fastigium ( -Figs. 9, 12 +Figs. 9, 12 ; l:w x ‾ = 2.6:1, range 2.3–3.2:1, n=10). Vertex longer than broad at base (l:w x ‾ = 1.4:1, range 1.2–1.5:1, n=10), distally narrowing and projected slightly in front of eyes; submedian carinae uniting before fastigium, basal compartments longer than wide. Rostrum reaching metathoracic coxae. Antennae cylindrical, both segments very long ( -Figs. 10, 12 +Figs. 10, 12 ), surpassing apex of clypeus (and apex of mesonotum; -Figs. 10, 12 +Figs. 10, 12 ), segment I close to half length of II (ratio I:II 0.4–0.5:1), length antennal segment I x ‾ = @@ -153,33 +153,33 @@ length of frons). Pronotum shorter than vertex in middle line (0.44–0.71: 1), = 4.3 mm , range 3.9–4.6, n=9), much longer than abdomen, nodus at about 2/3 length, wing apex acutely rounded ( -Fig. 36 +Fig. 36 ); apparently, Sc, RA, RP and MP unbranched, CuA 3-branched; fork of SC+RA from RP distad of fork of CuA (inner subapical cell longer than outer subapical cell); fusion of PCu with AA in basal third of clavus. Spinulation of hind legs 5-7-5 (or 5-6-5). Pygofer irregularly quadrilateral in lateral view ( -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 ), in caudal view opening carinate, midventrally with forked process ( -Figs. 13 +Figs. 13 , -25 +25 , -41 +41 ), dorsocaudal margins expanded and inflected to partially enclose anal tube ( -Fig. 42 +Fig. 42 ). Diaphragm of pygofer evident, armature absent. Gonostyli broad basally, basal angles prominent, diverging and narrowed distally to apically to blunt or acute apex (similar to -Fig. 40 +Fig. 40 ). Aedeagus elongate and tubular ( -Figs. 14 +Figs. 14 , -26 +26 , -38 +38 ) with large, flattened, rather membranous subapical ventral process, with (as oriented in -Figure 14 +Figure 14 ) anterior teeth on margin of flattened process and elongate spine near midlength of anterior margin. Anal tube (anal segment) small, without processes. - + FIGURES 7–14. - + Lamaxa occidentalis (7–9, 13–14 paratype male, Napo River, Ecuador; 10–12 La Selva Biological Station Costa Rica); 7, habitus dorsal view; 8, habitus lateral view; 9, frontal view; 10 habitus dorsal view; 11, habitus lateral view; 12, frontal view; 13, pygofer, caudal view (embedded in balsam); 14, aedeagus, connectives, gonostyli and anal tube, left lateral view (embedded in balsam). @@ -190,17 +190,18 @@ length of frons). Pronotum shorter than vertex in middle line (0.44–0.71: 1), . Label reads “ex: Cana / silvestre”, and Muir (1926) reports this as - + Gynerium +sp. -sp. ( -Poaceae +( +Poaceae ); however, the common name is also used for the exotic grasses - + Arundo donax L. or - + Saccharum spontaneum L., although we assume that Muir correctly reported the plant association. @@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ L., although we assume that Muir correctly reported the plant association. (barcode UDCC_TCN 00042688) examined here was evidently the reference subject for Muir’s (1926) figure 6 (compare with -Figure 14 +Figure 14 ). The specimen has had the abdomen removed and cleared, the parts of the male terminalia disarticulated and mounted in balsam between to microscope cover slips, which in turn are inserted into a cardboard holder and pinned beneath the specimen. This technique was frequently used for specimens studied by Muir (possibly by W. Giffard). Specimens varied noticeably in coloration, especially in the extent and intensity of the dark patterning; but no substantive genitalic differences were found among specimens. Some specimens were noticeably faded, particularly the oldest specimens and these that had been collected into alcohol. diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF98FF1D6A8BFD508B05.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF98FF1D6A8BFD508B05.xml index 70b66f82b87..a3dd2984716 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF98FF1D6A8BFD508B05.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF98FF1D6A8BFD508B05.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 - + Xalama , @@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ ( -Figures 19–24 +Figures 19–24 , -27–29 +27–29 , -37 +37 , -39 +39 ) @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Type species . - + Malaxa microstyla Muir, 1930: 211 @@ -86,35 +86,35 @@ Muir, 1930: 211 . Color . Brownish with distinctive paler markings, especially on head; wings clear with strong fuscous markings ( -Figs. 19–21, 23–24 +Figs. 19–21, 23–24 ). Structure . Body slender and elongate; length males  = 4.69 mm (n=5); females not available (only males examined). Head narrower than pronotum ( -Figs. 19, 23 +Figs. 19, 23 ), carinae concolorous. Carinae of head distinct although median carina of vertex weaker. Frons elongate and parallel-sided, narrowed between eyes, widest near frontoclypeal suture ( -Figs. 20, 24 +Figs. 20, 24 ; l:w  = 2.5:1, n=5). Vertex narrowing distally, slightly projecting in front of eyes, vertex broader along hind margin than along midline; submedian carinae distinct, uniting before fastigium, basal compartments longer than wide. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. Antennae cylindrical, segment II long; nearly surpassing apex of clypeus; segment I about 1/3 length of II ( -Figs. 20, 24 +Figs. 20, 24 ; ratio I:II 0.37:1), length antennal segment I  = 0.13 mm (n=5), II  = 0.34 (n=5). Pronotum subequal or just shorter than vertex along midline, lateral carinae usually not attaining hind margin. Mesonotum longer in middle line than vertex and pronotum together. Wings elongate ( = 3.8 mm , n=5), much longer than abdomen, predominately clear with distinctive dark markings, nodus at about 2/3 length, wing apex rounded. Spinal formula of hind leg usually 5- 6-4. Calcar thick, concave on inner surface, without teeth along the hind margin, bearing an apical tooth. Pygofer roughly triangular in lateral view ( -Figs. 27 +Figs. 27 , -39 +39 ), elongate ventrally and strongly narrowed dorsally; pygofer opening and lateral margins with projections (in - + microstyla , midventral projection is a broad, rounded scoop in caudal view, lateral projections just below midlength in form of rounded tooth in lateral view); diaphragm from lateral projections of pygofer broadly concave beneath gonostyli (weak or absent above gonostyli). Gonostyli ( -Figs. 27, 28 +Figs. 27, 28 ) flattened and curled (apically scoop-like), irregularly parallel-sided, curved medially; bearing low, rounded tooth medially near midlength; apically broader and more flattened, somewhat angular, bearing find, irregular serrulations on inner apical margin fine, irregularly placed setae. Aedeagus ( -Figs. 27 +Figs. 27 , -39 +39 ) elongate and robust, strongly downcurved into long, sclerotized structure, slightly twisted, bearing an irregular row of teeth on left and right sides and long, downward projecting process at curve. Anal tube (anal segment) small and simple. @@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ Muir, 1930: 211 Etymology . The new genus name “ - + Xalama ” is an anagram of “ - + Malaxa ”, and is to be understood as feminine in gender. @@ -136,37 +136,37 @@ Muir, 1930: 211 Remarks. The new genus is similar to - + Malaxa acutipennis in having a simple anal tube and a strongly downcurved aedeagus; also, the gonostyli may be considered grossly similar in appearance. They differ in that - + Xalama has projections (lateral and midventral) on the opening of the pygofer (vs. simple), the proportions of the antennae, and the shape of the wings and details of the wing venation. - + Xalama differs from the Chinese - + Malaxa in having a simple anal tube, and the projections on the opening of the pygofer is different; also, although it is not entirely clear from all the illustrations of Chinese - + Malaxa , it appears that the diaphragm is much more complete in - + Malaxa than in - + Xalama . Also, - + Xalama has much shorter antennae which are differently proportioned between the two segments. @@ -174,15 +174,15 @@ has much shorter antennae which are differently proportioned between the two seg - + Xalama differs most obviously from - + Lamaxa in the nature and proportions of the antennae (much shorter in - + Xalama ), and in the downcurved aedeagus (versus caudally-projecting with apical membranous flagella), and the nature of the processes on the opening of the pygofer. diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF9DFF1D6C49FCAF8958.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF9DFF1D6C49FCAF8958.xml index de7d1e75b6e..703b09518e0 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF9DFF1D6C49FCAF8958.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B348FF9DFF1D6C49FCAF8958.xml @@ -1,55 +1,55 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 - + Xalama microstyla Muir, 1930: 211 @@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ Muir, 1930: 211 ( -Figures 19–24 +Figures 19–24 , -27–29 +27–29 , -37 +37 , -39 +39 ) @@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ locality. - + FIGURES 19–24. - + Xalama microstyla (19–22 holotype; 23–24 Peru); 19, habitus, dorsal view; 20, frontal view; 21, habitus lateral view; 22, labels; 23, habitus, dorsal view; 24, frontal view. @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ locality. . Color . Body generally deep brown ( -Figs. 19, 21, 23 +Figs. 19, 21, 23 ); head, legs and dorsum of pronotum paler; carinae concolorous; vertex and dorsal portion of frons and genae orangish (bearing pale middorsal vitta on posterior vertex, extending posteriorly onto pronotum); ventral portions of frons and genae cream color; antennae stramineous. Disc of pronotum orangish brown except paler median vitta. Legs stramineous except darker proximally; venter of abdomen orangish. Wings clear with strong fuscous markings, one brown bar across apex of clavus to past fork of CuA; a second elongate curved marking extending diagonally along nodal line to wing margin, then diagonally across wing apex to costal margin. Structure . Body slender and elongate; length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina) males  = @@ -106,21 +106,21 @@ locality. ( 4.40–4.88 mm , n=5); females not available. Head narrower than pronotum ( -Figs. 19, 23 +Figs. 19, 23 ), carinae concolorous. Carinae distinct although median carina of vertex weaker. Frons elongate and parallel-sided ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ; l:w  = 2.5:1, range 2.4–2.8:1, n=5), narrowed between eyes (width  = 0.17, n=5), widest near frontoclypeal suture (w  = 0.22, n=5). Vertex narrowing distally, slightly projecting in front of eyes, vertex broader caudally than long along midline (l: [basal] width  = 0.74:1, range 0.65–0.91:1, n=5); submedian carinae distinct, uniting before fastigium, basal compartments longer than wide. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. Antennae cylindrical, segment II long, nearly surpassing apex of clypeus ( -Figs. 20, 24 +Figs. 20, 24 ); segment I about 1/3 length of II (ratio I:II 0.37:1, range 0.28–0.45:1, n=5), length antennal segment I  = 0.13 mm (range 0.10–0.17, n=5), II  =0.34 (range 0.31–0.37, n=5). Pronotum subequal or just shorter than vertex along midline, lateral carinae usually not attaining hind margin. Mesonotum longer in middle line than vertex and pronotum together (1.91–2.33: 1, n=5). Wings elongate ( = 3.8 mm , range 3.2–4.1, n=5), much longer than abdomen, predominately clear with distinctive dark markings, wing apex rounded ( -Fig. 37 +Fig. 37 ); nodus at about 2/3 length; Sc, RA and RP unbranched; MP branched near wing apex, CuA 3-branched; junction of PCu + AA near midlength of clavus; fork of MP+CuA at near 2/3 length of clavus; fork RA+SC and RP near claval apex (thus inner subapical cell longer than outer subapical cell). Spinulation of hind leg 5-6-4. Pygofer roughly triangular in lateral view ( -Figs. 27 +Figs. 27 , -39 +39 ), elongate ventrally and strongly narrowed dorsally; in caudal view, pygofer opening with midventral and lateral projections; midventral projection large and rounded, scoop-like; lateral projections just below midlength in form of rounded tooth in lateral view. Diaphragm extending from level of lateral projections and broadly concave beneath gonostyli (weak or absent above gonostyli). Gonostyli flattened and curled (apically scoop-like), irregularly parallel-sided, curved medially, bearing low, rounded tooth medially near midlength; apically broader and more flattened, somewhat angular, bearing find, irregular serrulations on inner apical margin fine; irregularly placed setae. Aedeagus elongate and robust, strongly downcurved into long, sclerotized structure, slightly twisted, bearing an irregular row of teeth on left and right sides and long, downward projecting process at curve. Anal tube (anal segment) small and simple. @@ -128,29 +128,29 @@ locality. Remarks . Differences between - + Xalama , - + Lamaxa , and - + Malaxa have been previously provided in the remarks under the later 2 genera. The much shorter and differently proportioned antennae and the very different form of the genitalia (viz. the strongly downcurved aedeagus and the projections on the ventral and lateral opening of the pygofer) are the most diagnostic features of the genus. - + FIGURES 25–29. Male genitalia of - + Lamaxa occidentalis (25–26) and - + Xalama microstyla (27–29); 25, pygofer, semiventral view (note shape of process on ventral margin of pygofer opening); 26, pygofer, left lateral view; 27, pygofer, left lateral view; 28 pygofer, near caudal view; 29, pygofer, ventral view (note shape of process on ventral margin of pygofer opening). @@ -160,21 +160,23 @@ Male genitalia of FIGURES 30–34. New World -Tropidocephalini +Tropidocephalini genera; dorsal view of head and thorax (30–32), frontal view (33), lateral view of head and thorax (34); 30, - + Macrocorupha +sp. -sp. (probably new species, Colombia); 31, - +(probably new species, Colombia); 31, + Columbisoga saracura (holotype); 32, - + Columbiana +sp. -sp. (probably new species, Colombia); 33–34 - +(probably new species, Colombia); 33–34 + Procidelphax dejecta (paratype). @@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ material. Holotype ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 ) " S. Fermin / Boliv. // @@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ material. // Typus [red paper] // -Malaxa +Malaxa / microstylus / [male symbol] Muir [handwritten] // 79 / 81 / diff --git a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B349FF98FF1D6990FAAE8D46.xml b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B349FF98FF1D6990FAAE8D46.xml index 3d66f728e34..3baa28ed1cf 100644 --- a/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B349FF98FF1D6990FAAE8D46.xml +++ b/data/03/8A/CF/038ACF05B349FF98FF1D6990FAAE8D46.xml @@ -1,63 +1,63 @@ - - - -A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) + + + +A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Bartlett, Charles R. +Bartlett, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Kennedy, Ashley C. +Kennedy, Ashley C. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2018 - -2018-06-28 + +2018 + +2018-06-28 - -4441 + +4441 - -3 + +3 - -511 -528 + +511 +528 -journal article -29792 -10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 -48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 -1175-5326 -1301482 -D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 +journal article +29792 +10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5 +48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95 +1175-5326 +1301482 +D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3 - + Lamaxa gracilis ( Fennah, 1945 ) , -New combination +New combination @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ = - + Malaxa gracilis Fennah, 1945 @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ ( -Figures 15–18 +Figures 15–18 ) @@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ locality Remarks . This species was described from a single male that remains undissected ( -Figs. 15–18 +Figs. 15–18 ). Fennah (1945: 431) stated that "[t]his species differs from - + occidentalis Muir @@ -130,15 +130,15 @@ contrast to , figure 6). The holotype is externally very similar to - + occidentalis . We suspect that - + gracilis and - + occidentalis may be the same species, with the difference cited by @@ -146,18 +146,18 @@ may be the same species, with the difference cited by a result of the apex of the aedeagal process getting broken off; however, because we have only the holotype available, which is geographically segregated from the available specimens of - + occidentalis ( -Fig. 43 +Fig. 43 ), we cannot determine with confidence whether the two taxa represent the same or different species. - + FIGURES 15–18. - + Lamaxa gracilis (holotype); 15, habitus, dorsal view; 16, habitus, lateral view; 17 frontal view; 18, labels. @@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ available, which is geographically segregated from the available specimens of “Coll. No. 3009/ Holotype ♂ -MALAXA +MALAXA / -GRACILIS Fennah +GRACILIS Fennah / Coll. J. G. Myers, Caracas, Venezuela Dec 6, 1930 @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ available, which is geographically segregated from the available specimens of Females tentatively assigned to - + Lamaxa .