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Genus
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<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD5FF8EFDA7ABC17BBBFA17" bold="true" box="[551,696,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tamdaotettix</emphasis>
Gorochov, 1998
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<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD5FF8EFE89ABF97B53FA5C" ID-CoL="8NZTC" authority="Gorochov, 1998: 81" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1998" box="[265,592,1471,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD5FF8EFE89ABF9788BFA5C" box="[265,392,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tamdaotettix</emphasis>
Gorochov, 1998: 81
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; Storozhenko &amp; Dawwrueng, 2014: 289; Gorochov &amp;
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Storozhenko, 2015: 52; Qin
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD5FF8EFE6CAB9A7B16FA78" box="[492,533,1499,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
., 2016: 339; Zhu
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD5FF8EFD3CAB9A7BE6FA78" box="[700,741,1499,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
., 2018: 294; Gorochov &amp; Storozhenko,
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<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD5FF8EFF63ABB17849F984" blockId="1.[227,1115,1471,1548]" box="[227,330,1526,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2019: 151.</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="02128801FFD5FF8EFE89A8747843F9C2" box="[265,320,1586,1610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD5FF8EFE21A8777B7DF9C1" box="[417,638,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tamdaotettix dilutus</emphasis>
Gorochov, 1998
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, by original designation.
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DIAGNOSIS. Body is smaller than in majority of the other genera of
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. Pronotum with dorsal edge arcuate and convex. Male posteromedian process of 7th abdominal tergite rather short; posteromedian process of 6th abdominal often angular or spine-like. Male paraproct simple. Male genitalia consists of six rather simple and completely membranous lobes (three dorsal and three ventral lobes; the ventrolateral lobes not very long and undivided). Female paraproct simple; upper valve of ovipositor with distinct dorsal notch near apex or without it.
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is most similar to the genus
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<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFDABAF987BB0FE7E" box="[555,691,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mimadiestra</emphasis>
Storozhenko et Dawwrueng, 2014
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but differs from the latter in characters given in a key (Gorochov &amp; Storozhenko, 2015).
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COMPOSITION. There are 17 species known from
<collectingCountry id="A5BE7633FFD6FF8DFCCEAC5A7A86FDBB" box="[846,901,540,563]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BE7633FFD6FF8DFC12AC5A7AEDFDBC" box="[914,1006,540,564]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and South
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="6DC13CFEFFD6FF8DFF63AC7C7D65FDDA" box="[227,1126,570,594]" country="China" location="Yunnan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingCountry id="A5BE7633FFD6FF8DFF63AC7C7825FDDA" box="[227,294,570,594]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">China</collectingCountry>
. Up to now five species has been recorded from
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,
<collectingRegion id="1F6DF841FFD6FF8DFC57AC7C7D30FDDA" box="[983,1075,570,594]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
and
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<collectingRegion id="1F6DF841FFD6FF8DFF63AC1F783CFDF9" box="[227,319,601,625]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
provinces of
<collectingCountry id="A5BE7633FFD6FF8DFE55AC1F7B1BFDF9" box="[469,536,601,625]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">China</collectingCountry>
. One new species is described in present paper. A key to six Chinese species is given below.
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Key to Chinese species of
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1. Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with apex angular or spinelike. Female: subgenital plate slightly transverse and apex not truncated (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFF7AAD767884FCC0" ID-CoL="8NZTC" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1998" box="[250,391,816,840]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFF7AAD767884FCC0" box="[250,391,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tamdaotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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) .............................................................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63AD097D58FC2C" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63AD097D58FC2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
– Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite without angular or spine-like apex; subgenital plate of female strongly transverse and apex almost truncated or concave (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFE4BADCA7B29FC2B" ID-CoL="8PWBF" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Storozhenko" authorityYear="2015" box="[459,554,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Laotettix">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFE4BADCA7B29FC2B" box="[459,554,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Laotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) ............................................................................... 5
</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63ADEC7D5AFB88" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63ADEC7D5AFB88" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
2. Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with a long spine-like projection, its apex obviously reaching apex of process of 7th abdominal tergite …... ............................................................
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD10ADAF7B9CFB88" box="[656,671,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFD2CADAE7D5AFB88" ID-CoL="54MRG" authority="Zhu, Bian et Shi, 2018" authorityName="Zhu, Bian et Shi" authorityYear="2018" box="[684,1113,1000,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longituberus" subGenus="T.">
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD35ADAF7BC7FB88" box="[693,708,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD5AADAE7A62FB88" box="[730,865,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">longituberus</emphasis>
Zhu, Bian et Shi, 2018
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<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63AA417D5EFBB5" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63AA417D5EFBB5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">– Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with a short spine-like projection, its apex not reaching apex of process of 7th abdominal tergite ............... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="665D2E06FFD6FF8DFF63AA027D63FA9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63AA027D5BFB30" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63AA027D5BFB30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
3. Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with a small angular projection, its apex obviously shorter than the process of 7th abdominal tergite; process of 7th abdominal tergite with 3 spines in hind margin ............................................ .............................................................
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD17AAE77BA5FB30" box="[663,678,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFD33AAE67D5BFB30" ID-CoL="54MRK" authority="Qin, Liu et Li, 2016" authorityName="Qin, Liu et Li" authorityYear="2016" box="[691,1112,1184,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticulatus" subGenus="T.">
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD3CAAE77BC8FB30" box="[700,715,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD61AAE67A7EFB30" box="[737,893,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">tridenticulatus</emphasis>
Qin, Liu et Li, 2016
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63AAF97D63FA9C" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63AAF97D63FA9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">– Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite triangular, basal area slightly broad, gradually narrowing to apex, its apex almost equal to process of 7th abdominal tergite; process of 7th abdominal tergite short and broad, apex acute ........ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63AB5C7D5FFAD9" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63AB5C7D5FFAD9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
4. Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite without apical denticles .... ................................................................................
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFC96AB7C7A26FAD9" box="[790,805,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFCB2AB7F7D5FFAD9" ID-CoL="54MRD" authority="Gorochov, 1998" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1998" box="[818,1116,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilutus" subGenus="T.">
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFCBBAB7C7A49FAD9" box="[827,842,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFCE0AB7F7AAAFAD9" box="[864,937,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">dilutus</emphasis>
Gorochov, 1998
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63AB1E7D5CFA06" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63AB1E7D5CFA06" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
– Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with a pair of apical denticles .....................................
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFDA2AB317B32FA06" box="[546,561,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFDC7AB317B55FA06" box="[583,598,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFDECAB307A00FA06" box="[620,771,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ailaoshanicus</emphasis>
Gorochov et Storozhenko, 2019
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="665D2E06FFD6FF8DFF63ABD37D63F9CE" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63ABD37D61FA62" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63ABD37D61FA62" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
5. Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with apex blunt, the apex not reaching apex of process of 7th abdominal tergite. Female: subgenital plate roundly truncate at apex .............
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFDE0AB957D61FA62" ID-CoL="54MR7" authority="Gorochov et Storozhenko, 2015" authorityName="Gorochov et Storozhenko" authorityYear="2015" box="[608,1122,1490,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatus" subGenus="Laotettix">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFDE0AB957B75FA62" box="[608,630,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD05AB957B98FA62" box="[645,667,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD2AAB957A05FA62" box="[682,774,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">curvatus</emphasis>
Gorochov et Storozhenko, 2015
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD6FF8DFF63ABB47D63F9CE" blockId="2.[227,1127,754,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<keyLead id="66589596FFD6FF8DFF63ABB47D63F9CE" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
– Male: posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with apex truncated, the apex reaching apex of process of 7th abdominal tergite. Female: subgenital plate distinctly concave at apex .......................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD6FF8DFD34A8697D1AF9CE" ID-CoL="8Q496" authority="Qin, Wang et Li" authorityName="Qin, Wang et Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[692,1049,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Laotettix">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD34A8697BC8F9CE" box="[692,715,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD59A8697BECF9CE" box="[729,751,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFD7FA8697A67F9CE" box="[767,868,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">truncatus</emphasis>
Qin, Wang et Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD6FF8DFBA4A8687D63F9CE" bold="true" box="[1060,1120,1582,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EE57CAFFD6FF8DFBA4A8687D63F9CE" box="[1060,1120,1582,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

232
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<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFF63AF4E7877FEA8" bold="true" box="[227,372,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tamdaotettix</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFE04AF4E78E5FEA8" bold="true" box="[388,486,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laotettix</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFE75AF4E7B5DFE97" bold="true" box="[501,606,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">truncatus</emphasis>
Qin, Wang et Li
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,
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http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/
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–
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,
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Nabanhe
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EE57CAFFD7FF8CFBA4AFCC7D3DFE29" box="[1060,1086,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subSpecies">N.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="BBB8AE66FFD7FF8CFBC7AFCC7D5EFE29" box="[1095,1117,394,417]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
.,
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD7FF8CFF63AFEF7D66FE49" blockId="3.[227,1127,394,480]" box="[227,1125,425,449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Bangganghani,
<quantity id="1A519B46FFD7FF8CFE0CAFEF7B27FE48" box="[396,548,425,449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="2250.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="2200.0">2200–2300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="A9171063FFD7FF8CFDB2AFEF7BB3FE49" box="[562,688,425,449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-04-29">29.IV 2009</date>
, leg. Jia-Yao Hu &amp; Zi-Wei Yin (
<collectionCode id="BBB8AE66FFD7FF8CFB9FAFEF7D59FE49" box="[1055,1114,425,449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SEM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD7FF8CFF63AF8E7A45FE68" blockId="3.[227,1127,394,480]" box="[227,838,455,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="6DC13CFEFFD7FF8CFF63AF8E7A41FE68" box="[227,834,455,480]" collectionCode="SEM" collectorName="Nabanhe N." country="China" location="Yunnan province" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="02128801FFD7FF8CFF63AF8E784CFE68" box="[227,335,456,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD7FF8CFED9AF8E787FFE68" box="[345,380,456,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD7FF8CFE07AF8E78A9FE68" box="[391,426,456,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, the same data as the holotype (
<collectionCode id="BBB8AE66FFD7FF8CFD7EAF8E7A39FE68" box="[766,826,456,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD7FF8CFE89A84C7D64F9A8" blockId="3.[227,1127,1545,1623]" box="[265,1127,1545,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figs. 1–5.
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD7FF8CFEF7A84C7BC9F997" authority="Qin &amp; Wang &amp; Li, 2019" authorityName="Qin &amp; Wang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[375,714,1546,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Laotettix">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFEF7A84C78F5F997" box="[375,502,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tamdaotettix</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFD88A84C7B5EF997" box="[520,605,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laotettix</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFDEFA84C7BC9F997" box="[623,714,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">truncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD7FF8CFD54A84C7A0DF997" bold="true" box="[724,782,1546,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EE57CAFFD7FF8CFD54A84C7A0DF997" box="[724,782,1546,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
1 – male abdominal apex, lateral
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD7FF8CFF63A8637D41F9DE" blockId="3.[227,1127,1545,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
view; 2 – male abdominal apex, dorsal view; 3 – male genitalia, dorsal view; 4 – female abdominal apex, ventral view; 5 – female abdominal apex, lateral view. Scale bar =
<quantity id="1A519B46FFD7FF8CFB8AA8077D3DF9DE" box="[1034,1086,1601,1622]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36528FFD0FF8BFE89AF417D48FC5A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AF417D65FE3D" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">DESCRIPTION. MALE. Body small, shinning. Head with fastigium of vertex divided into two conical tubercles, completely fused. Legs slender; fore femur about 1.3 times as long as the pronotum, beneath unarmed, external genicular lobe with a long movable spine; fore tibiae beneath with 2 external and 2 internal movable spines, between the paired apical spurs with a short spur. Mid femur with a long movable spine on the external and internal genicular lobe; mid tibiae beneath with 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63AFFD7D64FE79" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">external and 1 internal movable spines, between the paired apical spurs with a short spur. Hind femur beneath with 5–6 external small spines and without external spines;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63AFB17D64FDA6" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">hind tibiae above with 50–54 outer spines and 45–49 inter spines, inner supra apical spur of hind tibiae slightly longer than the hind metatarsus. Hind metatarsus with 2–3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63AC727D64FD00" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
dorsal spines, including the apical spine. Posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with a truncated apex, reaching the apex of 7th abdominal tergite, its apex obviously wider than apex of 6th abdominal tergite (
<figureCitation id="45922A26FFD0FF8BFCBCAC367AABFD00" box="[828,936,624,648]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[265,309,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[243,1103,518,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-51@3.[227,1114,510,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Tamdaotettix (Laotettix) truncatus sp. n. 1 – male abdominal apex, lateral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7164926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7164926/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
). Male genitalia:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63ACC87D64FD2E" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[227,1127,654,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
dorsolateral lobes short, dorsomedian lobe broad with lingua-like apical part (
<figureCitation id="45922A26FFD0FF8BFBBCACC87D64FD2E" box="[1084,1127,654,678]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[265,309,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[243,1103,518,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-51@3.[227,1114,510,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Tamdaotettix (Laotettix) truncatus sp. n. 1 – male abdominal apex, lateral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7164926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7164926/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63ACEA7803FD4C" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[227,256,684,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AC8C7BFFFC96" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
FEMALE. Subgenital plate transverse, at middle part of hind margin with a small projection (
<figureCitation id="45922A26FFD0FF8BFEDEACAE78A0FC88" box="[350,419,744,768]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[265,309,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[243,1103,518,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-51@3.[227,1114,510,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Tamdaotettix (Laotettix) truncatus sp. n. 1 – male abdominal apex, lateral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7164926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7164926/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor shorter than the half of hind femur; upper valve of ovipositor without dorsal notch near apex (
<figureCitation id="45922A26FFD0FF8BFD2DAD407BEDFC96" box="[685,750,774,798]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[265,309,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[243,1103,518,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-51@3.[227,1114,510,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Tamdaotettix (Laotettix) truncatus sp. n. 1 – male abdominal apex, lateral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7164926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7164926/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AD627D64FCB4" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[265,1127,804,828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">COLORATION. Body dark brown, shinning. Tergites with a greyish white band,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63AD047D64FCD2" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[227,1127,834,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the length of band is variable in different specimens. Frons light, with four dark longi-</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63AD267D34FCF0" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[227,1079,864,888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tudinal bands from vertex to clypeus. Legs dark brown, without obvious stripes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AD387D64FC1D" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[265,1127,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
MEASUREMENTS (length in mm). Body:
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFD66AD387BF9FC1D" box="[742,762,894,917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
8.0–10.0,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFCEEAD387A81FC1D" box="[878,898,894,917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
8.5–10.0; pronotum:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63ADDA7D65FC3B" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[227,1126,924,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFF63ADDA79F4FC3B" box="[227,247,924,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
4.5–5.0,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFEDDADDA7872FC3B" box="[349,369,924,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
4.5; fore femora:
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFDB7ADDA7B48FC3B" box="[567,587,924,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
6.0–6.5,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFD31ADDA7BC6FC3B" box="[689,709,924,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
5.5–6.0; hind femora:
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFC3EADDA7AD1FC3B" box="[958,978,924,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
13.0–13.5,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFBD2ADDA7D65FC3B" box="[1106,1126,924,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63ADFC7D48FC5A" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[227,1099,954,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
missing femora; hind tibiae:
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFD96ADFC7B29FC59" box="[534,554,954,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
13.5–14.5,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFD28ADFC7BBFFC59" box="[680,700,954,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
missing tibiae; ovipositor
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD2AFFD0FF8BFC59ADFC7AEEFC59" box="[985,1005,954,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
6.0–6.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36528FFD0FF8BFE89AD9E7BF0FB2C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AD9E7D64FC78" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[265,1127,984,1008]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
DIAGNOSIS. The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD0FF8BFD79AD9E7D64FC78" authorityName="Gorochov et Storozhenko" authorityYear="2015" box="[761,1127,984,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatus" subGenus="Laotettix">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD0FF8BFD79AD9E7A85FC78" box="[761,902,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tamdaotettix</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD0FF8BFC19AD9F7AFBFC78" box="[921,1016,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Laotettix</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD0FF8BFB8BAD9F7D64FC78" box="[1035,1127,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">curvatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFF63ADB07BF0FB2C" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Gorochov et Storozhenko, 2015, but differs from the latter in the male posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite with a truncated apex, which reaches apex of process of 7th abdominal tergite, but the process of 7th tergite obviously wider than the former (
<figureCitation id="45922A26FFD0FF8BFEE9AA1678CCFBE0" box="[361,463,1104,1128]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[265,309,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[243,1103,518,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-51@3.[227,1114,510,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Tamdaotettix (Laotettix) truncatus sp. n. 1 – male abdominal apex, lateral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7164926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7164926/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
) (in
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D20FFD0FF8BFD8CAA177B8AFBE0" authorityName="Gorochov et Storozhenko" authorityYear="2015" box="[524,649,1105,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tamdaotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatus">
<emphasis id="EFDDEAB1FFD0FF8BFD8CAA177B8AFBE0" box="[524,649,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. curvatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the process of 6th abdominal tergite with blunt apex, process of 7th abdominal tergite with concave apex, apex of 6th tergite process not reaching apex of 7th tergite process).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36528FFD0FF8BFE89AAEC7B95FB76" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AAEC7B86FB4A" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" box="[265,645,1194,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
DISTRIBUTION.
<collectingCountry id="A5BE7633FFD0FF8BFE51AAEC7B12FB4A" box="[465,529,1194,1218]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="1F6DF841FFD0FF8BFD9FAAEC7B7AFB4A" box="[543,633,1194,1218]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636A3FFD0FF8BFE89AA8E7B95FB76" blockId="4.[227,1128,263,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ETHYMOLOGY. This species is named after a truncated apex of male posteromedian process of 6th abdominal tergite.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:url id="C4EE771C2D674CF05A03914C2DBD0685">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325632</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="C8F0EA62FE38DE87141FD889EA30B529">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="56F488F2896C2F1A1581477815AD9B4F" type="CLB-Dataset">276467</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1687A165F3F91303B80D32351C8782E1" type="DOI">10.1649/0010</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CD5AB96523234FFDE656502465F22CBC" type="GBIF-Dataset">517299e0-fa50-41bd-8094-5056ef856892</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A725ED16A04DC8D5E5FC96880C9F878" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A97C0F64E8ED57F3AD8A3C6CE25FF8E" type="Zenodo-Dep">10110468</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="550087CA6334843F9F44FB45FC33FECD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463469" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185325214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5463469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550087CA6334843F9F44FB45FC33FECD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550087CA6334843F9F44FB45FC33FECD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<subSubSection id="95B36557633484349F44FB45FD59FB75" box="[297,824,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633484349F44FB45FD59FB75" blockId="3.[297,824,1209,1259]" box="[297,824,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<heading id="865E81B0633484349F44FB45FD59FB75" box="[297,824,1209,1231]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" reason="2">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349F44FB45FD59FB75" bold="true" box="[297,824,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633484349F44FB45FCDBFB75" ID-CoL="6ZRJM" authority="Omar and Zhang" authorityName="Omar and Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[297,698,1209,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349F44FB45FF9EFB75" bold="true" box="[297,511,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Stereoborus chinensis</emphasis>
Omar and Zhang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EE57B5633484349CABFB45FD59FB75" box="[710,824,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633484349F99FB29FC0FFB51" box="[500,622,1237,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633484349F99FB29FC0FFB51" blockId="3.[297,824,1209,1259]" box="[500,622,1237,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349F99FB29FF9DFB51" bold="true" box="[500,508,1237,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="45922A59633484349F91FB29FC07FB51" box="[508,614,1237,1259]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Figs" captionStart-4="Figs" captionStartId-0="3.[167,206,848,867]" captionStartId-1="4.[196,235,890,909]" captionStartId-2="5.[167,206,1008,1027]" captionStartId-3="6.[196,235,1020,1039]" captionStartId-4="7.[167,206,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,958,194,825]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,986,195,864]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,943,196,984]" captionTargetBox-3="[225,954,197,997]" captionTargetBox-4="[174,948,195,1164]" captionTargetId-0="figure-340@3.[160,961,194,825]" captionTargetId-1="figure-276@4.[191,989,194,868]" captionTargetId-2="figure-221@5.[175,945,194,986]" captionTargetId-3="figure-171@6.[222,956,194,998]" captionTargetId-4="figure-130@7.[171,949,194,1165]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="Figs. 1–2. S. chinensis: male. 1, lateral view; 2, dorsal view." captionText-1="Figs. 3–4. S. chinensis: female. 3, lateral view; 4, dorsal view." captionText-2="Figs. 5–8. S. chinensis head and rostrum. 5) male, dorso-anterior view; 6) male, lateral view. 7) female, dorso-anterior view; 8) female, lateral view." captionText-3="Figs. 9–11. S. chinensis: male genitalia. 9) aedeagus, lateral view; 10) aedeagus, dorsal view; 11) spiculum gastrale." captionText-4="Figs. 12–16. S. chinensis: metendosternite, proventriculis and female genitalia. 12) metendosternite, ventral view; 13) proventriculis; 14) hemisternites; 15) spermatheca; 16) 8th sternite." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129108" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129110" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129112" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129114" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129116" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10129108/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10129110/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10129112/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10129114/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10129116/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Figs. 1–16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633484349EC7FB02FD07FADF" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633484349EC7FB02FC4EFAF3" blockId="3.[146,976,1278,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<materialsCitation id="6DC13C81633484349EC7FB02FC4EFAF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3340153301" collectingDate="1973-07-25" collectorName="Coll. Unknown" country="China" latitude="28.38" location="Male" longLatPrecision="739" longitude="97.29" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xizang" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349EC7FB02FF6CFAAE" bold="true" box="[170,269,1278,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<typeStatus id="0212887E633484349EC7FB02FF68FAAE" box="[170,265,1278,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BE764C633484349F79FB02FF34FAAE" box="[276,341,1278,1300]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="1F6DF83E633484349F32FB02FFCAFAAE" box="[351,427,1278,1300]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Xizang</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="D8766007633484349FD8FB02FF8BFAAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550087CA6334843F9F44FB45FC33FECD:D8766007633484349FD8FB02FF8BFAAE" box="[437,490,1278,1300]" country="China" latitude="28.38" longLatPrecision="739" longitude="97.29" name="Male" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Xizang">Male</location>
[Chayu [
<geoCoordinate id="B89D501B633484349C2BFB02FCFBFAAE" box="[582,666,1278,1300]" degrees="28.38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" precision="555" value="28.38">28.38 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B89D501B633484349CC8FB02FC8CFAAE" box="[677,749,1278,1300]" degrees="97.29" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" precision="555" value="97.29">97.29E</geoCoordinate>
] Tiyu, Chayu,
<collectingRegion id="1F6DF83E633484349DEBFB02FDAFFAAE" box="[902,974,1278,1300]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Xizang</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Region,
<date id="A917101C633484349FECFAE5FF9AFA95" box="[385,507,1305,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" value="1973-07-25">
<collectingDate id="B953E9F4633484349FECFAE5FF9AFA95" box="[385,507,1305,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" value="1973-07-25">25.VII.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="705C530A633484349C66FAE5FCD1FA95" box="[523,688,1305,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Coll. Unknown</collectorName>
(Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
<collectingRegion id="1F6DF83E633484349FBFFACFFC7EFAF3" box="[466,543,1331,1353]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Beijing</collectingRegion>
)].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633484349EC7FAB3FD07FADF" blockId="3.[146,976,1278,1570]" box="[170,870,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<materialsCitation id="6DC13C81633484349EC7FAB3FD03FADF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3340153302" box="[170,866,1359,1381]" collectingDate="1973-07-25" collectorName="Coll. Unknown" country="China" latitude="28.38" location="Male" longLatPrecision="739" longitude="97.29" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Xizang" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349EC7FAB3FF74FADF" bold="true" box="[170,277,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<typeStatus id="0212887E633484349EC7FAB3FF70FADF" box="[170,273,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD55633484349F70FAB3FF05FADF" box="[285,356,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBAFFD55633484349F1DFAB3FFB2FADF" box="[368,467,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="female">10 female</specimenCount>
specimens, same data as the holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633484349EC7FA97FF54FA56" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633484349EC7FA97FF54FA56" blockId="3.[146,976,1278,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349EC7FA97FF73FA3B" bold="true" box="[170,274,1387,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Rostrum wider than long; head and disc of pronotum with dense, fine punctures; pronotum: with a black collar anteriorly, more narrow anteriorly than posteriorly, with a deep, circular, unevenly distributed punctures; elytra fuscous, glossy, with a greenish-blue tint; tibia normal, nearly straight, widening slightly distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633484319EC7FA0DFF6CFA6A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633484339EC7FA0DFD8CFA68" blockId="3.[146,976,1278,1570]" lastBlockId="4.[175,1005,959,1570]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349EC7FA0DFF0AF9BD" bold="true" box="[170,363,1521,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349F5BFA0DFF0AF9BD" bold="true" box="[310,363,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Male</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. BL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633484349FD0FA0DFC2EF9BD" box="[445,591,1521,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.92" metricValueMax="6.09" metricValueMin="5.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="5.92" valueMax="6.09" valueMin="5.75">5.75–6.09 mm</quantity>
; EL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633484349CF2FA0DFD50F9BD" box="[671,817,1521,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="3.36" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="3.3049999999999997" valueMax="3.36" valueMin="3.25">3.25–3.36 mm</quantity>
; EWB:
<quantity id="1A519B39633484349DF4FA0DFE8FF998" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="1.925" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.75">1.75– 2.10 mm</quantity>
; EWW:
<quantity id="1A519B39633484349F3FF9F0FF85F998" box="[338,484,1548,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="1.925" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.75">1.75–2.10 mm</quantity>
; PL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633484349C4BF9F0FCD8F998" box="[550,697,1548,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.69" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="1.625" valueMax="1.69" valueMin="1.56">1.56–1.69 mm</quantity>
; PW:
<quantity id="1A519B39633484349D6EF9F0FDF4F998" box="[771,917,1548,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="1.58" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.56">1.56–1.60 mm</quantity>
; RL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339EC2FC43FF23FC6F" box="[175,322,959,981]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.37">0.37–0.38 mm</quantity>
; RWA:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339FF6FC43FC4FFC6F" box="[411,558,959,981]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.885" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.87">0.87–0.90 mm</quantity>
; RWB:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339CE9FC43FD76FC6F" box="[644,791,959,981]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="8.299999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.86" valueMax="0.89" valueMin="0.83">0.83–0.89 mm</quantity>
; AL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339D3BFC43FD89FC6F" box="[854,1000,959,981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="1.3199999999999998" valueMax="1.41" valueMin="1.23">1.23–1.41 mm</quantity>
; ASL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339E9FFC26FFE4FC4A" box="[242,389,986,1008]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.32" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.34 mm</quantity>
; AFL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339FB6FC26FC0CFC4A" box="[475,621,986,1008]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.34">0.34–0.38 mm</quantity>
; ACL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339CA9FC26FD36FC4A" box="[708,855,986,1008]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4499999999999997" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.345" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.34">0.34–0.35 mm</quantity>
; ACW:
<quantity id="1A519B39633384339DDBFC26FF6CFBB1" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="0.255" valueMax="0.26" valueMin="0.25">0.25– 0.26 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339F78FC09FF05FBB1" bold="true" box="[277,356,1013,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Habitus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="45922A59633384339F1FFC09FF96FBB1" box="[370,503,1013,1035]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[167,206,848,867]" captionTargetBox="[161,958,194,825]" captionTargetId="figure-340@3.[160,961,194,825]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–2. S. chinensis: male. 1, lateral view; 2, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129108/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Figs. 1 and 2</figureCitation>
) oblong, linear.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339CF3FC09FCB6FBB1" bold="true" box="[670,727,1013,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Color</emphasis>
: ranges from castaneous to dark castaneous, with a dark reddish-brown tint, glossy.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339D63FBF3FD05FB9F" bold="true" box="[782,868,1039,1061]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Rostrum</emphasis>
stout, short, wider than length, shagreened, sparsely, shallowly fine punctate; with a single tubercle in middle at base of rostrum; frons with two shiny tubercles, confluent together to form longitudinal elevation (
<figureCitation id="45922A59633384339C24FB9CFCB0FBCC" box="[585,721,1120,1142]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[167,206,1008,1027]" captionTargetBox="[178,943,196,984]" captionTargetId="figure-221@5.[175,945,194,986]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 5–8. S. chinensis head and rostrum. 5) male, dorso-anterior view; 6) male, lateral view. 7) female, dorso-anterior view; 8) female, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129112/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Figs. 5 and 6</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339C8EFB9CFD46FBCC" bold="true" box="[739,807,1120,1142]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Scrobe</emphasis>
well-defined, deep, upper anterior margin in line with middle of eye, then slanting to run underneath eye at posterior margin, point of antennal insertion at middle of rostrum.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339DF4FB69FD8DFB11" bold="true" box="[921,1004,1173,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Antenna</emphasis>
brownish-red with pilose club; scape: short; funicle: with 7 articles, first article stout, width equal to length; second article longer than wide, articles 6 and 7 wider than long with sub-erect setae, other articles sub-equal; club: longer than wide, oval, composed of 3 articles; articles 2 and 3 setigerous, setae sub-erect towards apex.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339E81FAE7FF43FA8B" bold="true" box="[236,290,1307,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Head</emphasis>
shallow constriction behind eye, shagreened, oval, frons and anterior 2/3 matte with minute circular punctures, punctures separated by 1–3X puncture diameter, posterior 1/3 with more sparse, fine punctures, their density decreasing towards vertex.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339F3AFA90FFE6FA38" bold="true" box="[343,391,1388,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Eyes</emphasis>
oval, black, prominent, with coarse, convex facets; clearly separated from head.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339FF2FA7AFC63FA26" bold="true" box="[415,514,1414,1436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Pronotum</emphasis>
with a black collar anteriorly, more narrow anteriorly than posteriorly, deep, circular, unevenly distributed punctures, punctures separated by 2–4X puncture diameter, posterior margin bi-sinuate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89D66654633384339EA9FC86FD67FC37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10129110" box="[196,774,890,909]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129110/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" startId="4.[196,235,890,909]" targetBox="[194,986,195,864]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633384339EA9FC86FD67FC37" blockId="4.[196,774,890,909]" box="[196,774,890,909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339EA9FC86FF41FC37" bold="true" box="[196,288,890,909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Figs. 3–4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633384339F58FC86FFFCFC37" authorityName="Omar and Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[309,413,890,909]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339F58FC86FFFCFC37" box="[309,413,890,909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">S. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: female. 3, lateral view; 4, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633384329EC2FA2BFDB1FBC8" blockId="4.[175,1005,959,1570]" lastBlockId="5.[146,976,1089,1570]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339EC2FA2BFF73FA57" bold="true" box="[175,274,1495,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Scutellum</emphasis>
glossy, subcircular, positioned slightly below level of elytra.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633384339DC0FA2BFD8DFA57" bold="true" box="[941,1004,1495,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">Elytra</emphasis>
shiny, with greenish-blue tint, convex, smooth, lateral margin crenulate, striae with shallow, circular punctures, punctures separated by approximately 1–2.5X puncture diameter, striae 3 and 7 fused at beginning of declivity, as are striae 4 and 6; intervals smooth, fine and sparsely punctate, sub-equal, slightly convex.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89D66654633284329ECAFC0CFCDBFBA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10129112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129112/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" startId="5.[167,206,1008,1027]" targetBox="[178,943,196,984]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633284329ECAFC0CFCDBFBA1" blockId="5.[146,975,1008,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329ECAFC0CFF62FBB9" bold="true" box="[167,259,1008,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Figs. 5–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633284329F75FC0CFF1EFBB9" authorityName="Omar and Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[280,383,1008,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329F75FC0CFF1EFBB9" box="[280,383,1008,1027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">S. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
head and rostrum.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329C5BFC0CFC26FBB9" bold="true" box="[566,583,1008,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">5)</emphasis>
male, dorso-anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329D2BFC0CFD39FBB9" bold="true" box="[838,856,1008,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">6)</emphasis>
male, lateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329EA5FBF4FEB8FBA1" bold="true" box="[200,217,1032,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">7)</emphasis>
female, dorso-anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329F85FBF4FF9BFBA1" bold="true" box="[488,506,1032,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">8)</emphasis>
female, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633284329EFFFB8BFDB1FB37" blockId="5.[146,976,1089,1570]" box="[146,976,1143,1165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329EFFFB8BFEBFFB37" bold="true" box="[146,222,1143,1165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Humeri</emphasis>
slightly umbonate, forming an angle slightly greater than 90 degrees.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633284319EFFFB6EFD8CFBD5" blockId="5.[146,976,1089,1570]" lastBlockId="6.[175,1005,1113,1570]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329EFFFB6EFEB4FB12" bold="true" box="[146,213,1170,1192]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Venter</emphasis>
pro-sternum with coxal cavity closed, pro-coxae separated by approximately 0.5X diameter of coxa, a slight depression in front of procoxae anteriorly; meso-sternum transverse, meso-coxae separated by approximately 0.75X diameter of coxa, coxal cavity open; meta-sternum with posterior margin bisinuate, a longitudinal sulcus medially, coxal cavity open, coxae separated by approximately 0.5X diameter of coxa; with minute, circular punctures bearing pale, yellowish appressed setae.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329FB0FAC8FC4EFAF0" bold="true" box="[477,559,1332,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Ventrite</emphasis>
I transverse, II slightly shorter than I, I and II separated with a clear suture, III and IV narrow, V transverse, sparsely punctate.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633284329E97FA96FF41FA3A" bold="true" box="[250,288,1386,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Leg</emphasis>
with femur glossy, shiny, robust, laterally flattened, with sparse, minute punctures; tibia nearly straight, widening slightly distally; protibia enlarged, widening much more distally and laterally flattened; with large and arcuate uncus at outer margin, small mucro at inner margin, with minute, sparse, circular punctures, bearing small, pale, yellowish setae; tarsus brownish-red, with 5 tarsomeres, each with a ventral white tuft of setae at apex, tarsomere 1 approximately equal in length to 2 and 3 combined, 2 and 3 short, sub-equal, 5 slightly longer than 1, curved, glossy, glabrous; pre-tarsal claw simple, long, free.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89D66654633184319EA9FC00FFCFFB9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10129114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129114/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" startId="6.[196,235,1020,1039]" targetBox="[225,954,197,997]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633184319EA9FC00FFCFFB9D" blockId="6.[175,1004,1020,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319EA9FC00FF4BFBB5" bold="true" box="[196,298,1020,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Figs. 9–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633184319F52FC01FFC9FBAA" authorityName="Omar and Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[319,424,1021,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319F52FC01FFC9FBAA" box="[319,424,1021,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">S. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: male genitalia.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319C2FFC00FC35FBB5" bold="true" box="[578,596,1020,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">9)</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319D5CFC00FD2CFBB5" bold="true" box="[817,845,1020,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">10)</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319E88FBE8FF60FB9D" bold="true" box="[229,257,1044,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">11)</emphasis>
spiculum gastrale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633184319EC2FB88FFDBFB1F" blockId="6.[175,1005,1113,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319EC2FB88FF29FB30" bold="true" box="[175,328,1140,1162]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Male genitalia</emphasis>
. Aedoeagus lateral view, dorsal view and speculum gastrale, illustrated in (
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319F2CFB73FFCFFB1F" box="[321,430,1167,1189]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[196,235,1020,1039]" captionTargetBox="[225,954,197,997]" captionTargetId="figure-171@6.[222,956,194,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 9–11. S. chinensis: male genitalia. 9) aedeagus, lateral view; 10) aedeagus, dorsal view; 11) spiculum gastrale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129114/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633184319EAAFB57FCD2FAD9" blockId="6.[175,1005,1113,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319EAAFB57FFCEFB7B" bold="true" box="[199,431,1195,1217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Female measurements.</emphasis>
BL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319F9DFB57FCE3FB7B" box="[496,642,1195,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.315" metricValueMax="7.19" metricValueMin="5.44" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="6.315" valueMax="7.19" valueMin="5.44">5.44–7.19 mm</quantity>
; EL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319CAAFB57FD3BFB7B" box="[711,858,1195,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.365" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="3.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="3.365" valueMax="3.67" valueMin="3.06">3.06–3.67 mm</quantity>
; EWB:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319DDBFB57FF6DFB66" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.725" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.5">1.50– 1.95 mm</quantity>
; EWW:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319F02FB3AFC60FB66" box="[367,513,1222,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.8399999999999999" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.65">1.65–2.03 mm</quantity>
; PL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319C29FB3AFCB7FB66" box="[580,726,1222,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.69" valueMax="1.88" valueMin="1.5">1.50–1.88 mm</quantity>
; PW:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319D4DFB3AFDD2FB66" box="[800,947,1222,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7799999999999998" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.7799999999999998" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.53">1.53–2.03 mm</quantity>
; RL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319EC2FB1DFF23FB4D" box="[175,322,1249,1271]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.42" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.34">0.34–0.50 mm</quantity>
; RWA:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319FF6FB1DFC4FFB4D" box="[411,558,1249,1271]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.93" valueMax="1.08" valueMin="0.78">0.78–1.08 mm</quantity>
; RWB:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319CE9FB1DFD76FB4D" box="[644,791,1249,1271]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.885" valueMax="1.03" valueMin="0.74">0.74–1.03 mm</quantity>
; AL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319D3BFB1DFD89FB4D" box="[854,1000,1249,1271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4449999999999998" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.4449999999999998" valueMax="1.63" valueMin="1.26">1.26–1.63 mm</quantity>
; ASL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319E9FFB00FFE4FAA8" box="[242,389,1276,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.45 mm</quantity>
; AFL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319FB6FB00FC0CFAA8" box="[475,621,1276,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.41" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.32">0.32–0.50 mm</quantity>
; ACL:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319CA9FB00FD36FAA8" box="[708,855,1276,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.34">0.34–0.38 mm</quantity>
; ACW:
<quantity id="1A519B39633184319DDBFB00FF6CFA97" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.31" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.3">0.30– 0.32 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319F49FAEBFFB7FA97" bold="true" box="[292,470,1303,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Female genitalia</emphasis>
. Hemisternites; spermatheca and 8th sternite, illustrated in (
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319F52FACEFFDBFAF2" box="[319,442,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[167,206,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[174,948,195,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-130@7.[171,949,194,1165]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 12–16. S. chinensis: metendosternite, proventriculis and female genitalia. 12) metendosternite, ventral view; 13) proventriculis; 14) hemisternites; 15) spermatheca; 16) 8th sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129116/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Figs. 14–16</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319FA6FACEFCCAFAF2" bold="true" box="[459,683,1330,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Female inner structure</emphasis>
. metendosternite, ventral view, and proventriculis illustrated in (
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319C69FAB1FCC6FAD9" box="[516,679,1357,1379]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[167,206,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[174,948,195,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-130@7.[171,949,194,1165]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 12–16. S. chinensis: metendosternite, proventriculis and female genitalia. 12) metendosternite, ventral view; 13) proventriculis; 14) hemisternites; 15) spermatheca; 16) 8th sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129116/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Figs. 12 and 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633184319EAAFA95FF6CFA6A" blockId="6.[175,1005,1113,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319EAAFA95FFEFFAC5" bold="true" box="[199,398,1385,1407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Male with two tubercles on frons and rostrum (
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319DE8FA95FD89FAC5" box="[901,1000,1385,1407]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[167,206,848,867]" captionTargetBox="[161,958,194,825]" captionTargetId="figure-340@3.[160,961,194,825]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–2. S. chinensis: male. 1, lateral view; 2, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129108/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319EC2FA78FF60FA20" box="[175,257,1412,1434]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[167,206,1008,1027]" captionTargetBox="[178,943,196,984]" captionTargetId="figure-221@5.[175,945,194,986]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 5–8. S. chinensis head and rostrum. 5) male, dorso-anterior view; 6) male, lateral view. 7) female, dorso-anterior view; 8) female, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129112/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">5 and 6</figureCitation>
); shiny; head and rostrum with fine, sparse punctures. In females frons with a shallow fovea (
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319FFCFA63FF93FA0F" box="[401,498,1439,1461]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[196,235,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[194,986,195,864]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[191,989,194,868]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 3–4. S. chinensis: female. 3, lateral view; 4, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129110/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45922A59633184319F93FA63FC2AFA0F" box="[510,587,1439,1461]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[167,206,1008,1027]" captionTargetBox="[178,943,196,984]" captionTargetId="figure-221@5.[175,945,194,986]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 5–8. S. chinensis head and rostrum. 5) male, dorso-anterior view; 6) male, lateral view. 7) female, dorso-anterior view; 8) female, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129112/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">7 and 8</figureCitation>
); the head of female also has a greenishblue tint.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633184319EAAFA2AFFEDF9BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633184319EAAFA2AFFEDF9BD" blockId="6.[175,1005,1113,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319EAAFA2AFF5BFA56" bold="true" box="[199,314,1494,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from
<collectingCountry id="A5BE764C633184319CCCFA2AFC83FA56" box="[673,738,1494,1516]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">China</collectingCountry>
, the country in which this species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633184319EAAF9F0FC06F998" box="[199,615,1548,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633184319EAAF9F0FC06F998" blockId="6.[175,1005,1113,1570]" box="[199,615,1548,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319EAAF9F0FF5DF998" bold="true" box="[199,316,1548,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Host Plant.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633184319F28F9F1FC06F998" authority="Franchet." authorityName="Franchet." box="[325,615,1548,1570]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633184319F28F9F1FF9AF998" box="[325,507,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Pinus yunnanensis</emphasis>
Franchet.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89D66654633084309ECAFB58FF61FB5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10129116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10129116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10129116/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" startId="7.[167,206,1188,1207]" targetBox="[174,948,195,1164]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633084309ECAFB58FF61FB5C" blockId="7.[146,975,1188,1254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309ECAFB58FF79FB0D" bold="true" box="[167,280,1188,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Figs. 12–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309F40FB58FFFAFB0D" authorityName="Omar and Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,411,1188,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309F40FB58FFFAFB0D" box="[301,411,1188,1207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: metendosternite, proventriculis and female genitalia.
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309DDEFB58FDAEFB0D" bold="true" box="[947,975,1188,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">12)</emphasis>
metendosternite, ventral view;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309FDCFB47FFACFB74" bold="true" box="[433,461,1211,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">13)</emphasis>
proventriculis;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309C0FFB47FC1FFB74" bold="true" box="[610,638,1211,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">14)</emphasis>
hemisternites;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309D60FB47FD48FB74" bold="true" box="[781,809,1211,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">15)</emphasis>
spermatheca;
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309DDEFB47FDAEFB74" bold="true" box="[947,975,1211,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">16)</emphasis>
8th sternite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B36557633084309EC7FAEBFCCCFA97" box="[170,685,1303,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC633084309EC7FAEBFCCCFA97" blockId="7.[146,975,1303,1570]" box="[170,685,1303,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309EC7FAEBFF49FA97" bold="true" box="[170,296,1303,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="1F6DF83E633084309F5DFAEBFF19FA97" box="[304,376,1303,1325]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Xizang</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Region,
<collectingCountry id="A5BE764C633084309C0AFAEBFCC9FA97" box="[615,680,1303,1325]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B365576330843F9EC7FACFFC33FECD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DD1636DC6330843F9EC7FACFFC33FECD" blockId="7.[146,975,1303,1570]" lastBlockId="8.[175,1005,193,375]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309EC7FACFFF7BFAF3" bold="true" box="[170,282,1331,1353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Discussion.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309FFDFACFFC66FAF2" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1873" box="[400,519,1331,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309FFDFACFFC66FAF2" box="[400,519,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Stereoborus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
previously contained nine species; those can be distinguished by the above key from each other as well as from
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309D33FAB2FDA9FAD9" box="[862,968,1358,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinesis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309D33FAB2FDA9FAD9" box="[862,968,1358,1379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. chinesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Besides the previous key, also, Voss’s key (
<bibRefCitation id="B9384B2D633084309C17FA95FC8AFAC5" author="Voss" box="[634,747,1385,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="77 - 92" refId="ref3777" refString="Voss, E. 1951. Uber Einige Cossoninen-Gattungen des indo-australisceh Faunengebietes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie 1 (1): 77 - 92." type="journal article" year="1951">Voss 1951</bibRefCitation>
) is a good tool for distinguishing the four New Guinean species,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309CC7FA79FD45FA20" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1873" box="[682,804,1413,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309CC7FA79FD45FA20" box="[682,804,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309D50FA79FDC3FA20" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1873" box="[829,930,1413,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309D50FA79FDC3FA20" box="[829,930,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309DD7FA79FF6FFA0F" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirostris">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309DD7FA79FF6FFA0F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. punctirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309F2BFA5CFFD4FA0F" authorityName=", Pascoe" authorityYear="1885" box="[326,437,1440,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inductus">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309F2BFA5CFFD4FA0F" box="[326,437,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. inductus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the new species,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309CC0FA5CFD76FA0F" box="[685,791,1440,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinesis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309CC0FA5CFD76FA0F" box="[685,791,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. chinesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The other three,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309EFFFA47FF77FA6A" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1896" box="[146,278,1467,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laporteae">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309EFFFA47FF77FA6A" box="[146,278,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. laporteae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309F5DFA47FFAFFA6A" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1896" box="[304,462,1467,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interstitialis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309F5DFA47FFAFFA6A" box="[304,462,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. interstitialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633084309C71FA47FCD5FA6A" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1951" box="[540,692,1467,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633084309C71FA47FCD5FA6A" box="[540,692,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="A5BE764C633084309D7FFA46FD10FA6A" box="[786,881,1466,1488]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Australia</collectingCountry>
are be distinguished from the new species by their length, which ranges between 4.50– 5.00 mm and the new one between
<quantity id="1A519B39633084309F93FA0DFCF1F9BD" box="[510,656,1521,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.315" metricValueMax="7.19" metricValueMin="5.44" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="6.315" valueMax="7.19" valueMin="5.44">5.44–7.19 mm</quantity>
; as well as their scape either as long as funicle, equal or little longer than funicle and club combined where the scape of the new one is shorter than funicle (
<bibRefCitation id="B9384B2D633F843F9C1BFF3DFCB5FF6D" author="Lea" box="[630,724,193,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" pagination="284 - 319" refId="ref3594" refString="Lea, A. M. 1896. Description of New Species of Australian Coleoptera. Part III. Proceedings Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (3): 284 - 319." type="journal article" year="1896">Lea 1896</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="B9384B2D633F843F9D65FF3DFD5DFF6D" author="Lea" box="[776,828,193,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" pagination="452 - 481" refId="ref3629" refString="Lea, A. M. 1915. On Some Australian Malacodermidae and Curculionidae Collected by Mr. G. Bryant. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15: 452 - 481." type="journal article" year="1915">1915</bibRefCitation>
). The Indonesian species,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633F843F9F6FFF20FFE1FF4B" authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="1957" box="[258,384,220,241]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633F843F9F6FFF20FFE1FF4B" box="[258,384,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">S. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has tibia wide, cuneiform, and with interior margin dentate and concave (
<bibRefCitation id="B9384B2D633F843F9F29FF0BFFD3FEB7" author="Voss" box="[324,434,247,269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" pagination="7 - 63" refId="ref3833" refString="Voss, E. 1957. Neue und bekannte vorwiegend indonesische Curculioniden (Coleoptera). Treubia Bogor 24: 7 - 63." type="journal article" year="1957">Voss 1957</bibRefCitation>
) where
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633F843F9C66FF0BFCE2FEB6" authorityName="Omar and Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[523,643,247,268]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633F843F9C66FF0BFCE2FEB6" box="[523,643,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">S. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a normal tibia. The Samoan species,
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633F843F9F6CFEEDFFEAFE9C" baseAuthorityName="Marshal" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[257,395,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodifrons">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633F843F9F6CFEEDFFEAFE9C" box="[257,395,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">S. binodifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is distinguished by its stria 10 with a carina below it and its mesepimeron impressed on its posterior half and with a trace of shallow punctures along the anterior edge of the impression (
<bibRefCitation id="B9384B2D633F843F9CA2FEBAFD05FEE6" author="Marshall" box="[719,868,326,348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" pagination="585 - 600" refId="ref3663" refString="Marshall, G. A. K. 1921. On the Curculionidae of the Samoan islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 4 (3): 585 - 600." type="journal article" year="1921">Marshall 1921</bibRefCitation>
) which those characters are absent in the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Key to the species of the genus
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<keyLead id="665895E9633584359EDFFBFCFD8DFBAC" box="[178,1004,1024,1046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">1 Anterior tibiae either fossorial or subfossorial................................ 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="665895E9633584359EDFFBE0FD8DFB88" box="[178,1004,1052,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
1
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359ED3FBE0FEA7FB88" bold="true" box="[190,198,1052,1074]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">9</emphasis>
Anterior tibiae normal, inner margin smooth and straight.................. 2
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<keyLead id="665895E9633584359EDFFBC4FD8DFBF4" box="[178,1004,1080,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">2 Head and disc of pronotum with dense, fine or coarse punctures.......... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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2
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Head and disc of pronotum with fine or minute, sparse punctures......... 5
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<keyLead id="665895E9633584359EDFFB93FD8DFB1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">3 Head and disc of pronotum with dense, fine punctures; rostrum wider than long............................................................................... 4</keyLead>
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3
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Head and disc of pronotum with dense, coarse punctures; rostrum narrow, longer than wide..............................
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<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359CC9FB3DFD5CFB6C" box="[676,829,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">S. punctirostris</emphasis>
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4 Elytra fuscous, glossy, with a greenish-blue tint............
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<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359D55FB21FDCCFB48" box="[824,941,1245,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">S. chinensis</emphasis>
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,
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4
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Elytra black, glossy..................................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633584359C8FFB04FD8DFAB4" ID-CoL="52DQ8" authority="Wollaston, 1873" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1873" box="[738,1004,1272,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359C8FFB04FD5CFAB7" box="[738,829,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">S. affinis</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="665895E9633584359EDFFAE8FD8DFA90" box="[178,1004,1300,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">5 Elytral striae with deep, round punctures..................................... 6</keyLead>
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5
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Elytral striae with rectangular punctures...................................... 7
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6 Pronotum subequal in length and width, length only slightly greater than width...................................................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633584359C9EFA9AFD8DFAC6" ID-CoL="52DQ9" authority="Lea, 1951" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1951" box="[755,1004,1382,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359C9EFA9AFDE1FAC1" box="[755,896,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
Lea, 1951
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6
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Pronotum with length much greater than width...
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<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359CB7FA7EFD24FA2D" box="[730,837,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">S. robustus</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="665895E9633584359EDFFA61FD8DFA74" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">7 Pronotum with longitudinal, smooth line reaching from anterior to posterior margins; striae intervals on elytra smooth......................... 8</keyLead>
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7
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Pronotum with longitudinal, smooth line reaching neither anterior nor posterior margins; striae intervals on elytra with an irregular row of minute punctures.........................................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633584359CD6F9F6FD8DF99A" ID-CoL="52DY5" authority="(Marshal 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Marshal" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[699,1004,1546,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodifrons">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633584359CD6F9F6FD26F9A5" box="[699,839,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">S. binodifrons</emphasis>
(Marshal 1921)
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<caption id="89D66654633484349ECAFCACFCB9FCD9" box="[167,728,848,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" startId="3.[167,206,848,867]" targetBox="[161,958,194,825]" targetPageId="3">
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<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349ECAFCACFF63FCD9" bold="true" box="[167,258,848,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Figs. 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633484349F75FCACFF1EFCD9" ID-CoL="6ZRJM" authorityName="Cantil &amp; Sánchez Conicet &amp; Dinghi &amp; Genise Conicet" authorityYear="2007" box="[280,383,848,867]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349F75FCACFF1EFCD9" box="[280,383,848,867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">S. chinensis</emphasis>
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: male. 1, lateral view; 2, dorsal view.
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8 Punctures of elytral striae more or less constant in size along length of elytra..................................................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633484349CA3FC59FDAEFC01" ID-CoL="52DQB" authority=", Pascoe, 1885" authorityName=", Pascoe" authorityYear="1885" box="[718,975,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inductus">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349CA3FC59FD5CFC00" box="[718,829,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">S. inductus</emphasis>
,
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8
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Punctures of elytral striae large and deep anteriorly, becoming smaller and more shallow posteriorly..............................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633484349CB4FC27FDAEFC4B" ID-CoL="6ZRJL" authority="Voss, 1957" authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="1957" box="[729,975,987,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349CB4FC27FD39FC4A" box="[729,856,987,1008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">S. monticola</emphasis>
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9 Prothorax without trace of median line; elytral strial punctures large and sub-quadrate; interval convex, very sparsely punctate; suture slightly convex; legs short, anterior tibia fossorial.............
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633484349C84FBD1FDAEFBF8" ID-CoL="52DQD" authority="Lea, 1896" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1896" box="[745,975,1068,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laporteae">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349C84FBD1FD03FBF8" box="[745,866,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">S. laporteae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9384B2D633484349D07FBD0FDAEFBF8" author="Lea" box="[874,975,1068,1090]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" pagination="284 - 319" refId="ref3594" refString="Lea, A. M. 1896. Description of New Species of Australian Coleoptera. Part III. Proceedings Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (3): 284 - 319." type="journal article" year="1896">Lea, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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9
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Prothorax with feeble trace of median line; elytral strial punctures moderately large; interval flat, distinctly punctate; suture flat; legs long, anterior tibia sub-fossorial...........................
<taxonomicName id="1AA94D5F633484349CA2FB82FDAEFB2E" ID-CoL="52DQC" authority="Lea, 1896" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1896" box="[719,975,1150,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stereoborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interstitialis">
<emphasis id="EFDDEACE633484349CA2FB82FD03FB29" box="[719,866,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">S. interstitialis</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="581">Hypecoum pendulum</emphasis>
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<paragraph pageNumber="581">&quot;Habitat in Galloprovincia.&quot; RCN: 1026.</paragraph>
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Current name:
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L.
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Thomson, 1874
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); synonymy by
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Kokujev, 1895
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Basionym.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1753" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Lichen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lichen lacteus" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacteus">Lichen lacteus</taxonomicName>
L., Mant. Pl. 1: 132. 1767. Type. Sweden,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jorgensen, PM" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" pagination="261 - 405" title="Linnaean lichen names and their typification." volume="115" year="1994">
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(L.) F.H.Wigg. Prim. fl. Holsat.: 97. 1780.
<taxonomicName authority="Persoon, 1794" authorityName="Persoon" authorityYear="1794" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pertusariaceae" genus="Variolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Variolaria lactea" order="Pertusariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lactea">Variolaria lactea</taxonomicName>
(L.) Pers. Ann. Bot. 1: 24. 1794.
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(L.) P.Gaertn., G.Mey. &amp; Scherb.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ökonom">Oekonom</normalizedToken>
.-techn. Fl. Wetterau 3: 214. 1801.
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(L.) Arnold. Flora, Jena 53: 214. 1870.
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pertusariaceae" genus="Pertusaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pertusaria lactea" order="Pertusariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lactea">Pertusaria lactea</taxonomicName>
(L.) Arnold. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 22: 283. 1872.
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ochrolechiaceae" genus="Ochrolechia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ochrolechia lactea" order="Pertusariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lactea">Ochrolechia lactea</taxonomicName>
(L.) Matzer &amp; Hafellner. Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 101. 1990.
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<mods:namePart id="C4BDE87B5206179C3BD8F8EFD0C337EC">Tapia, Elicio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D6912A64F79CA8D78650DBDBB90278E1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7D41FB7AB64690EC7EECB2C24B6EE489" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8298F311C5EF8DA894903F9031800201">
<mods:title id="E46CB8A06255550E849D1EDA6630A974">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="56D1B75B9555FA0249B75C2C82B7F9F0">
<mods:date id="7B34B0E7D6B547351ED240FF2315ADB6">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8F2A01085090001E925442BCDF81A089" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="39D1133CB58459268D6557681A1E90A9">2017-11-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4B02E2A43C384156E3BF8401AAA2C07E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B3BE5BB281F7492B78872A9B43C32429">4341</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BB8E1E6ECC5E0B62450B79AF489B3371" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7ABE6F64606AFDDA9671614EAA5A4DD2">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EDBA1C726B5679E5A7AD9E1B50E7DB9B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="89E0BA11481F9CA7554FBD308362FC5A">375</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1898E4DDC2A1595008F47768BF93A012">399</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="C18D22635796B85A227A65A971B55DF6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9948938456FCC81A153DDB2008423899" type="CLB-Dataset">31671</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BD96E9F33C95344827F0A594F195C4DC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="056EF99D8899D34945EF8F422B92D608" type="GBIF-Dataset">ed67d904-ad8b-443a-aa03-82f2ad344855</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8E49CDFDE0CAB96B990CC0E32FA9E6D3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FD2462AF48738B52B3378DC92FE5F44A" type="Zenodo-Dep">1040059</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5502878EFFCCFFEEFF5FF8F0FAA085FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135557973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5502878EFFCCFFEEFF5FF8F0FAA085FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5502878EFFCCFFEEFF5FF8F0FAA085FD" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCCFFEAFF5FF8F0FE9780F1" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCCFFEAFF5FF8F0FD96801E" blockId="17.[151,617,1869,1928]" box="[151,617,1869,1895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<heading id="865C81F4FFCCFFEAFF5FF8F0FD96801E" bold="true" box="[151,617,1869,1895]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFF5FF8F0FD96801E" bold="true" box="[151,617,1869,1895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCCFFEAFF5FF8F0FE2D801E" ID-CoL="53QDV" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,466,1869,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabezota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFF5FF8F0FE2D801E" bold="true" box="[151,466,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">Symphytognatha cabezota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCCFFEAFE11F8F0FD96801E" box="[473,617,1869,1895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCCFFEAFF5FF8CDFE9780F1" blockId="17.[151,617,1869,1928]" box="[151,360,1904,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCCFFEAFF5FF8CDFEE880F1" box="[151,279,1904,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">FIgS 34–38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCCFFEAFEEAF8CDFE9780F1" box="[290,360,1904,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 47, 48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,707,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,700,1425]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 47, 48. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 47. Male, habitus dorsal view. 48. Male, habitus frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040083/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">47, 48</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCCFFE9FF5FF80AFEAD87AD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCCFFE9FF5FF80AFEAD87AD" blockId="17.[151,1437,1975,2036]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFF5FF80AFEB480A9" bold="true" box="[151,331,1975,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCCFFEAFF5FF80AFF2D80A9" box="[151,210,1975,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCCFFEAFE57F80AFDFE80A9" box="[415,513,1975,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFCCFFEAFDC6F805FDC980A9" box="[526,566,1976,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">AND</collectionCode>
fEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCCFFEAFD55F80AFD0880A9" box="[669,759,1975,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="allotype">AllOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFC80F805FC5780A9" box="[840,936,1976,2000]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCCFFEAFC70F805FB6C80A9" box="[952,1171,1976,2000]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE,
<date id="A9151058FFCCFFEAFECBF866FE58808D" box="[259,423,2011,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" value="2014-11-13" valueMax="2014-11-15" valueMin="2014-11-13">13–15.xI.2014</date>
, SIftINg lIttEr, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFCCFFEAFC0FF861FBE5808D" box="[967,1050,2012,2036]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">QCAZ</collectionCode>
). FEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCCFFEAFB45F861FB12808D" box="[1165,1261,2012,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="paratype">pArAtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFAF1F861FA66808D" box="[1337,1433,2012,2036]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCFFFE9FF5FFF25FE8D87C9" box="[151,370,152,176]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE,
<date id="A9151058FFCFFFE9FD3FFF2AFC6487C9" box="[759,923,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" value="2014-09-05" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-05">05–07.Ix.2014</date>
, gENErAl cOllEctINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFCFFFE9FECAFF01FEB987AD" box="[258,326,188,212]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">ZMH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCFFFE9FF0FFF62FA748781" box="[199,1419,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCFFFE9FF0FFF62FA748781" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,392]" box="[199,1419,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FF0FFF62FEB18781" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE SpANISH lANgUAgE MEANINg “bIg HEAD”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCFFFE9FF0FFEB9FE5086F1" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCFFFE9FF0FFEB9FE5086F1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FF0FFEB9FEBE8664" bold="true" box="[199,321,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES AND fEMAlES MOSt rESEMblE
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCFFFE9FD1BFEB9FC0F8665" box="[723,1008,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carstica">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FD1BFEB9FC0F8665" box="[723,1008,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">Symphytognatha carstica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bUt ArE DIStINgUISHED by tHE DIffErENt cOlOUrAtION Of tHEIr cArApAcE AND AbDOMEN, DArk brOWN cArApAcE AND AbDOMEN WItH NO DIStINct pAttErN, fUrtHErMOrE MAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED by tHEIr StrAIgHt EMbOlUS; fEMAlES by tHE INtErNAl DUctS Of tHE SpErMAtHEcAE StrONgly cOIlED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCFFFE9FE85FECDFE5D86F1" box="[333,418,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">FIg. 38</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89D46610FFCFFFE9FF5FF805FB878094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" targetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCFFFE9FF5FF805FB878094" blockId="18.[151,1436,1976,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FF5FF805FEAC80B4" bold="true" box="[151,339,1976,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">FIGURES 34–38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCFFFE9FE91F805FD9D80B7" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[345,610,1976,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabezota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FE91F805FD9D80B7" box="[345,610,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">Symphytognatha cabezota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FDA0F804FD3980B4" bold="true" box="[616,710,1976,1998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCFFFE9FDA0F804FD5F80B7" box="[616,672,1977,1998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
34.
</emphasis>
Male palp, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FC0EF805FC1980B4" bold="true" box="[966,998,1976,1997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">35.</emphasis>
Male palp, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FB15F805FB0280B4" bold="true" box="[1245,1277,1976,1997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">36.</emphasis>
Male carapace, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FEDFF86AFEC88095" bold="true" box="[279,311,2007,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">37.</emphasis>
Female internal genitalia, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCFFFE9FD06F86AFD118095" bold="true" box="[718,750,2007,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="393">38.</emphasis>
Female internal genitalia, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89D46610FFCEFFE8FF5FF81FFD8380AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" targetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCEFFE8FF5FF81FFD8380AE" blockId="19.[151,1436,1954,2007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FF5FF81FFEAB80C1" bold="true" box="[151,340,1954,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">FIGURES 39–42.</emphasis>
Habitus dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FDE6F81EFDB180C1" bold="true" box="[558,590,1955,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">39.</emphasis>
Male,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCEFFE8FD5CF81EFCBB80C0" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[660,836,1955,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuyllur" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FD5CF81EFCBB80C0" box="[660,836,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">Chthonos kuyllur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FC81F81EFC5780C1" bold="true" box="[841,936,1955,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCEFFE8FC81F81EFC7D80C1" box="[841,898,1955,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
40.
</emphasis>
Male,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCEFFE8FC27F81EFB6B80C0" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[1007,1172,1955,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayzana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FC27F81EFB6B80C0" box="[1007,1172,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">Naatlo mayzana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FB52F81EFB0780C1" bold="true" box="[1178,1272,1955,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCEFFE8FB52F81EFB2C80C1" box="[1178,1235,1955,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
41.
</emphasis>
Male,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCEFFE8FAF7F81EFF1980AE" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laranka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FAF7F81EFF1980AE" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">Ogulnius laranka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FF24F87FFEB480AF" bold="true" box="[236,331,1985,2007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCEFFE8FF24F87FFEDB80AE" box="[236,292,1986,2007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
42.
</emphasis>
Female,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCEFFE8FE60F87CFDC280AE" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[424,573,1985,2007]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puku" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCEFFE8FE60F87CFDC280AE" box="[424,573,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="394">Ogulnius puku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCEFFE8FD8BF87FFD8380AE" box="[579,636,1986,2007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="394" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89D46610FFC9FFEFFF5FF9C1FC8C81C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" targetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFC9FFEFFF5FF9C1FC8C81C8" blockId="20.[151,1436,1660,1714]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFF5FF9C1FEAA81EB" bold="true" box="[151,341,1660,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">FIGURES 43–46.</emphasis>
Habitus dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFDF1F9C0FDA681EB" bold="true" box="[569,601,1661,1682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">43.</emphasis>
Male,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFC9FFEFFD6BF9C0FC8C81EA" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[675,883,1661,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFD6BF9C0FC8C81EA" box="[675,883,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">Theridiosoma ankas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFCB3F9C0FC2181EB" bold="true" box="[891,990,1661,1682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFC9FFEFFCB3F9C0FC4981EB" box="[891,950,1661,1682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
44.
</emphasis>
Male,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFC9FFEFFBE1F9C0FACE81EA" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[1065,1329,1661,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esmeraldas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFBE1F9C0FACE81EA" box="[1065,1329,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">Theridiosoma esmeraldas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFAF1F9C0FA6381EB" bold="true" box="[1337,1436,1661,1682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFC9FFEFFAF1F9C0FA8B81EB" box="[1337,1396,1661,1682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
45.
</emphasis>
Male,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFC9FFEFFF1FF921FE5C81CB" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[215,419,1692,1714]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kullki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFF1FF921FE5C81CB" box="[215,419,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">Theridiosoma kullki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFE61F921FDF781C8" bold="true" box="[425,520,1692,1713]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFC9FFEFFE61F921FE1D81C8" box="[425,482,1692,1713]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
46.
</emphasis>
Female,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFC9FFEFFDADF921FCCC81CB" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[613,819,1692,1714]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFDADF921FCCC81CB" box="[613,819,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">Theridiosoma sacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFC9FFEFFCF2F921FC8C81C8" box="[826,883,1692,1713]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFC9FFEEFF0FF964FEA786A9" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFC9FFEEFF0FF964FAAF8781" blockId="20.[151,1437,1752,2030]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFF0FF964FDDE818B" bold="true" box="[199,545,1752,1778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC9FFEFFEA8F965FDE78188" bold="true" box="[352,536,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFC9FFEFFE64F965FDF18188" box="[428,526,1752,1777]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 0.92; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.2; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.3, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 0.56; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.67; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 0.8. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE DArk brOWN WItH grEy MArkINg ON pArS tHOrAcIcA rEAcHINg MArgIN AND rADIAtINg lINES (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC9FFEFFD79F89CFCF68040" box="[689,777,1825,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 47, 48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,707,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,700,1425]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 47, 48. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 47. Male, habitus dorsal view. 48. Male, habitus frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">FIg. 47</figureCitation>
). PArS cEpHAlIcA StrONgly ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg AbrUptly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC9FFEFFECBF8F8FEA88024" box="[259,343,1861,1885]" captionStart="FIGURES 47, 48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,707,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,700,1425]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 47, 48. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 47. Male, habitus dorsal view. 48. Male, habitus frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">FIg. 47</figureCitation>
). ClypEUS HIgH (
<date id="A9151058FFC9FFEFFDC5F8F8FDD58024" box="[525,554,1861,1885]" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">2x</date>
PME), cONcAvE. CHElIcErAE lIgHt brOWN SUffUSED WItH grEy; prOjEctED fOrWArD, SUtUrE vISIblE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC9FFEFFEF2F8D4FE7780F8" box="[314,392,1897,1921]" captionStart="FIGURES 47, 48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,707,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,700,1425]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 47, 48. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 47. Male, habitus dorsal view. 48. Male, habitus frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">FIg 48</figureCitation>
). StErNUM, DArk brOWN StrONgly SUffUSED WItH DArk grEy, trUNcAtED. ENDItES AND lAbIUM brOWN SUffUSED WItH grEy, lAbIUM fUSED tO StErNUM, At lEASt tHrEE tIMES
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC9FFEFFCBDF830FC7380DC" box="[885,908,1933,1957]" name="American Samoa" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">AS</collectingCountry>
WIDE
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC9FFEFFC1BF830FC1580DC" box="[979,1002,1933,1957]" name="American Samoa" pageId="20" pageNumber="395">AS</collectingCountry>
lONg. EyES: SIx EyES, PME lArgEr; LE rOUNDED, cONtIgUOUS, PLE-PME SEpArAtED by PLE DIAMEtEr, PME SEpArAtED. AbDOMEN: OvAl; DOrSAlly AND vENtrAlly WItH brOWN bAckgrOUND cOlOUr AND INDIStINct pAttErN. LEgS: LIgHt bEIgE; lEgS tOtAl lENgtH 0.9/0.9/0.7/1.1; lEg fOrMUlA 4123. GENItAlIA: PAlpAl cyMbIUM lArgE AND OvAl (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC8FFEEFC89FF25FC6B87C9" box="[833,916,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">FIg. 35</figureCitation>
); pArAcyMbIUM trIANgUlAr (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC8FFEEFB0DFF25FAE687C9" box="[1221,1305,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">FIg. 34</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr WIDE, SEMI-trANSpArENt WItH trIANgUlAr tIp vENtrAlly AND DArkEr, trIANgUlAr DOrSAl ElEMENt (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC8FFEEFB00FF01FADC87AD" box="[1224,1315,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">FIg. 34</figureCitation>
); EMbOlUS StrAIgHt, rOUNDED ApIcAlly, tIp pOSItIONED bEtWEEN tHE vENtrAl AND DOrSAl ElEMENtS Of tHE cONDUctOr (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC8FFEEFB27FF5DFABC8781" box="[1263,1347,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">FIg. 34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFC8FFEEFF0FFEBEFEA786A9" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFF0FFEBEFE648665" bold="true" box="[199,411,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">
Female (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFC8FFEEFEE6FEBEFE748665" box="[302,395,259,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.7; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.4; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.5, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.3; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.2; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.2. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: OvErAll cOlOUrAtION
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC8FFEEFC78FE95FC388639" box="[944,967,296,320]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE, bUt A SHADE DArkEr. EyES:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC8FFEEFA96FE95FA828639" box="[1374,1405,296,320]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. AbDOMEN:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC8FFEEFE95FEF1FE83861D" box="[349,380,332,356]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. LEgS: COlOUrAtION
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC8FFEEFD0AFEF1FD26861D" box="[706,729,332,356]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. LEgS tOtAl: lENgtH 0.9/0.9/0.9/1.4; lEg fOrMUlA 4123; fEMAlE pAlp, AbSENt. GENItAlIA: EpIgyNAl plAtE flAt, StrIAtED WItH A SMAll trIANgUlAr ExtENSION MEDIAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC8FFEEFAF0FECDFA7086F1" box="[1336,1423,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">FIg. 37</figureCitation>
). SpErMAtHEcAE lOZENgE WItH INtErNAl DUctS cOIlED; cOpUlAtOry DUctS WIDE, StrAIgHt; fErtIlIZAtION DUctS SHOrt AND tWIStED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFC8FFEEFF3FFE05FEB486A9" box="[247,331,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,471,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[174,1418,445,1969]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 34. Male palp, ventral view. 35. Male palp, dorsal view. 36. Male carapace, dorsal view. 37. Female internal genitalia, ventral view. 38. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040077/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">FIg. 38</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFC8FFEEFF0FFE61FBED8544" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFC8FFEEFF0FFE61FCA2868C" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,861,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFF0FFE61FE9F868C" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFC8FFEEFEAFFE61FE35868D" box="[359,458,476,500]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFC8FFEEFD04FE60FD03868C" box="[716,764,477,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFC8FFEEFF0FFE42FBED8544" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFF0FFE42FE7A8561" bold="true" box="[199,389,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">Natural history.</emphasis>
THIS SpEcIES UNlIkE
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFC8FFEEFDA2FDBDFD1E8561" box="[618,737,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cartisca">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFDA2FDBDFD1E8561" box="[618,737,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">S. cartisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DOES NOt prESENt ANy AffINIty tO cAvE HAbItAt ON AccOUNt Of tHE AbSENcE Of cAvES IN tHE NEArby rEgION, MOSt SpEcIMENS WErE fOUND SIftINg lIttEr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFC8FFEEFF0FFDFAFAA085FD" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFC8FFEEFF0FFDFAFAA085FD" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFF0FFDFAFEF98519" bold="true" box="[199,262,583,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">Note.</emphasis>
BrEScOvIt
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFEB7FDF4FE488519" box="[383,439,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
(2004:76) MENtIONED tHAt tHE fEMAlE SpErMAtHEcAE ArE SUrrOUNDED by SOME cOIlED DUctS, cOIlED DUctS WErE AlSO fOUND IN
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFC8FFEEFE33FDD0FD8485FC" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[507,635,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabezota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFE33FDD0FD8485FC" box="[507,635,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">S. cabezota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFC8FFEEFD49FDD1FD3F85FC" box="[641,704,620,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFC8FFEEFD49FDD1FD3F85FC" bold="true" box="[641,704,620,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="396">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
bUt tHE cOIlS ArE DEfINItEly lOcAtED INSIDE tHE SpErMAtHEcAE.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

160
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF5FF91BFDD881B9" box="[151,551,1702,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF5FF91BFDD881B9" blockId="16.[151,551,1702,1728]" box="[151,551,1702,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<heading id="865C81F4FFCDFFEBFF5FF91BFDD881B9" bold="true" box="[151,551,1702,1728]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF5FF91BFDD881B9" bold="true" box="[151,551,1702,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF5FF91BFE9C81B9" bold="true" box="[151,355,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Symphytognatha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFEA2F91BFDD881B9" author="Hickman" box="[362,551,1702,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Hickman, V. V. (1931) A new family of spiders. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (B), 1931, 1321 - 1328. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 01063. x" type="proceedings paper" year="1931">Hickman, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF5FF950FD37807B" box="[151,712,1772,1794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF5FF950FD37807B" blockId="16.[151,712,1772,1794]" box="[151,712,1772,1794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFEEEF951FD37807B" authority="Hickman, 1931" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[294,712,1772,1794]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFEEEF951FDDA807B" box="[294,549,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Symphytognatha globosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFDE3F951FD37807B" author="Hickman" box="[555,712,1772,1794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Hickman, V. V. (1931) A new family of spiders. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (B), 1931, 1321 - 1328. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 01063. x" type="proceedings paper" year="1931">Hickman, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF5FF893FA6380AF" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF5FF893FCCA80F6" blockId="16.[151,1436,1838,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF5FF893FEEE803E" bold="true" box="[151,273,1838,1863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES AND fEMAlES
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFE30F893FD4C803E" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[504,691,1838,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFE30F893FD4C803E" box="[504,691,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Symphytognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM OtHEr
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFBCFF892FB18803E" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[1031,1255,1839,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">SyMpHytOgNAtHIDAE</taxonomicName>
gENErA by tHEIr cHElIcErAE fUSED fOr MOSt Of tHEIr lENgtH WItH A vISIblE SUtUrE lINE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCDFFEBFC7DF8EEFBF48012" box="[949,1035,1875,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 47, 48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,707,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,700,1425]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 47, 48. Symphytognatha cabezota n. sp. 47. Male, habitus dorsal view. 48. Male, habitus frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040083/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">FIg. 48</figureCitation>
) AND tHE prESENcE Of MUltIDENtAtE SUpErIOr clAWS ON lEgS I AND II (
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFE3FF8CAFCD880F6" author="FOrStEr" box="[503,807,1910,1935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 2619, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">FOrStEr &amp; PlAtNIck 1977: 5</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FF827FA6380AF" blockId="16.[151,1436,1838,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FF827FE0A80CA" bold="true" box="[199,501,1946,1971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Composition in America.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFE34F827FCCD80CA" authorityName="Balogh &amp; Loksa" authorityYear="1968" box="[508,818,1946,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliana">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFE34F827FCCD80CA" box="[508,818,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Symphytognatha brasiliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFCF3F827FBBF80CA" author="BAlOgH" box="[827,1088,1946,1971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Balogh, J. &amp; Loksa, I. (1968) The scientific results of the Hungarian soil zoological expeditions to South America. 7. Arachnoidea. Description of Brasilian spiders of the family Symphytognathidae. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 14, 287 - 294." type="journal article" year="1968">BAlOgH &amp; LOkSA, 1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFB84F826FB3280CA" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[1100,1229,1946,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabezota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFB84F826FB3280CA" box="[1100,1229,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">S. cabezota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFCDFFEBFB1DF827FAEA80CA" box="[1237,1301,1946,1971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFB1DF827FAEA80CA" bold="true" box="[1237,1301,1946,1971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFAECF826FA6380CB" box="[1316,1436,1947,1970]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carstica">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFAECF826FA6380CB" box="[1316,1436,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">S. carstica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
BrEScOvIt,
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFED8F803FDE680AE" author="AlvArES" box="[272,537,1982,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Brescovit, A. D., Alvares, E. S. S. &amp; Lopes, F. R. (2004) Two new species of Symphytognatha Hickman (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 10, 75 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">ÁlvArES &amp; LOpES, 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFDEBF802FD4280AE" authorityName="Forster &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[547,701,1982,2007]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chickeringi">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFDEBF802FD4280AE" box="[547,701,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">S. chickeringi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFD0CF802FC2380AE" author="FOrStEr" box="[708,988,1982,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 2619, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">FOrStEr &amp; PlAtNIck, 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFC2FF802FBA280AE" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1953" box="[999,1117,1982,2007]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschi">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFC2FF802FBA280AE" box="[999,1117,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">S. gertschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFBACF802FA8380AE" author="FOrStEr" box="[1124,1404,1982,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 2619, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">FOrStEr &amp; PlAtNIck, 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFA4FF802FA6380AF" box="[1415,1436,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">S.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCCFFEAFF5FFF2AFF2987AD" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCCFFEAFF5FFF2AFF2987AD" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCCFFEAFF5FFF2AFEBB87C9" ID-CoL="7BWZX" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,324,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goodnightorum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFF5FFF2AFEBB87C9" box="[151,324,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">goodnightorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCCFFEAFE85FF25FD9387C9" author="FOrStEr" box="[333,620,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 2619, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">FOrStEr &amp; PlAtNIck, 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCCFFEAFDB3FF25FCF887C9" ID-CoL="7B6M8" authorityName="Georgescu" authorityYear="1988" box="[635,775,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orghidani">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFDB3FF25FCF887C9" box="[635,775,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">S. orghidani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCCFFEAFCD8FF25FC2D87C9" author="GEOrgEScU" box="[784,978,152,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" refString="Georgescu, M. (1988) Description d'une nouvelle espece, Symphytognatha orghidani n. sp. (fam. Symphytognathidae-Araneae) de Cuba. Travaux de l'Institut de Speologie Emile Racovitza, 27, 17 - 19." type="journal article" year="1988">GEOrgEScU, 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCCFFEAFC29FF25FBB487C9" ID-CoL="7B6M3" box="[993,1099,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tacaca">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFC29FF25FBB487C9" box="[993,1099,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">S. tacaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
BrEScOvIt,
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCCFFEAFB18FF2AFF2C87AD" author="AlvArES" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" refString="Brescovit, A. D., Alvares, E. S. S. &amp; Lopes, F. R. (2004) Two new species of Symphytognatha Hickman (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 10, 75 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">ÁlvArES &amp; LOpES, 2004</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCCFFEAFF0FFF62FBC18781" box="[199,1086,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCCFFEAFF0FFF62FBC18781" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,1086,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCCFFEAFF0FFF62FE138781" bold="true" box="[199,492,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">Distribution in America.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCCFFEAFE3BFF5DFDB38781" box="[499,588,224,248]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFE3BFF5DFDB38781" box="[499,588,224,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">MExIcO</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCCFFEAFD9EFF62FD5E8781" box="[598,673,223,248]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFD9EFF62FD5E8781" box="[598,673,223,248]" name="Belize" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">BElIZE</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFD64FF62FD148781" box="[684,747,223,248]" name="Cuba" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">CUbA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFD3DFF5DFCAC8781" box="[757,851,224,248]" name="Jamaica" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">JAMAIcA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFC96FF5DFC448781" box="[862,955,224,248]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
AND
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCCFFEAFC39FF62FBC58781" box="[1009,1082,223,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="392">BrAZIl</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

222
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF5FFE0AFEEB86B6" blockId="16.[151,588,404,463]" box="[151,276,439,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCDFFEBFF5FFE0AFEEB86B6" box="[151,276,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1735,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,323,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,303,1713]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Anapistula equatoriana n. sp. 30. Chelicerae male, anterior view. 31. Male palp, ventral view. 32. Male palp, dorsal view. 33. Female internal genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040075/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">FIgS 30–33</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF5FFE43FBE0846A" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF5FFE43FEAD85FA" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF5FFE43FEB4856E" bold="true" box="[151,331,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCDFFEBFF5FFE43FF2D856E" box="[151,210,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCDFFEBFE57FE43FDFE856E" box="[415,513,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFCDFFEBFDC6FE42FDC9856E" box="[526,566,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">AND</collectionCode>
fEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCDFFEBFD55FE43FD08856E" box="[669,759,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="allotype">AllOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFC80FE42FC57856E" box="[840,936,511,535]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCDFFEBFC71FE42FB6B856E" box="[953,1172,511,535]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE,
<date id="A9151058FFCDFFEBFECDFD9EFE558542" box="[261,426,547,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" value="2014-09-04" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-04">04–07.Ix.2014</date>
, SIftINg lIttEr, BErlESE, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFCDFFEBFB81FD9EFB638542" box="[1097,1180,547,571]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">QCAZ</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCDFFEBFB7CFD9EFAD98542" box="[1204,1318,547,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="paratype">PArAtypES</typeStatus>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCDFFEBFAFDFD9EFF048527" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFAFDFD9EFF048527" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Cotopaxi Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE,
<date id="A9151058FFCDFFEBFD48FDFAFCE58526" box="[640,794,583,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" value="2014-05-24" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-24">24–30.v.2014</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFCDFFEBFCE3FDFAFCAD8526" box="[811,850,583,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFCDFFEBFC9AFDFAFC7E8526" box="[850,897,583,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="female">12♀</specimenCount>
, SIftINg lIttEr, BErlESE, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFCDFFEBFECAFDD6FEB985FA" box="[258,326,619,643]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">ZMH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFD33FBE0846A" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFCDFFEBFF0FFD33FBD685B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572289" collectingDate="2014-06-08" collectingDateMax="2014-06-21" collectingDateMin="2014-06-08" collectorName="Berlese, E &amp; Tapia, C &amp; Tapia, N" country="Ecuador" location="Cotopaxi Province" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cotopaxi Province">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFD33FDB685DE" bold="true" box="[199,585,654,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFD93FD32FD1885DE" box="[603,743,655,679]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCDFFEBFD33FD32FC2785DF" box="[763,984,655,678]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFD33FD32FC2785DF" box="[763,984,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Cotopaxi Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE,
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFCDFFEBFABAFD32FEEE85B2" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" value="2014-06-08" valueMax="2014-06-21" valueMin="2014-06-08">
<date id="A9151058FFCDFFEBFABAFD32FEEE85B2" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" value="2014-06-08" valueMax="2014-06-21" valueMin="2014-06-08">08– 21.vi.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFCDFFEBFED5FD0FFEBD85B2" box="[285,322,690,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFCDFFEBFE8AFD0FFE9B85B2" box="[322,356,690,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, sifting mosses,
<collectorName id="705E534EFFCDFFEBFDD6FD0FFD6B85B3" box="[542,660,690,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Berlese, E</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="705E534EFFCDFFEBFD57FD0FFCFF85B2" box="[671,768,690,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Tapia, C</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="705E534EFFCDFFEBFCC3FD0FFC9185B3" box="[779,878,690,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Tapia, N</collectorName>
. Dupérré (DTC)
</materialsCitation>
;
<date id="A9151058FFCDFFEBFBFDFD0FFB2585B2" box="[1077,1242,690,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" value="2014-09-04" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-04">04–07.ix.2014</date>
, 16♂23♀, sifting lIttEr, BErlESE, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (AMNH); LAS DAMAS (-00.39506 -78.98100) 1,209M,
<date id="A9151058FFCDFFEBFA9DFD6AFEE6846A" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" value="2014-06-08" valueMax="2014-07-12" valueMin="2014-06-08">08.vI– 12.vII.2014</date>
, 3♂4♀, SIftINg lIttEr, BErlESE, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (ZMH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF0FFC9FFB2C8442" box="[199,1235,802,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFC9FFB2C8442" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" box="[199,1235,802,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFC9FFEB18442" bold="true" box="[199,334,802,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCDFFEBFC10FC9EFBF78442" box="[984,1032,803,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFBA7FC9EFB308442" box="[1135,1231,803,827]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF0FFCFBFEC5834E" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFCFBFEC5834E" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFCFBFEBE8426" bold="true" box="[199,321,838,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED by tHEIr brOAD, SINUOUS cONDUctOr, frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFBE9FCFBFB308427" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[1057,1231,838,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayri">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFBE9FCFBFB308427" box="[1057,1231,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Anapistula ayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHE AbSENcE Of A MEDIAN tEgUlAr prOjEctION, prESENt IN tHE lAtEr SpEcIES (SEE
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFCF4FCD6FB9B84FA" author="RHEIMS" box="[828,1124,875,899]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fIg. 13); frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFAC5FCD6FA8684FA" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[1293,1401,874,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bebuia">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFAC5FCD6FA8684FA" box="[1293,1401,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. bebuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHE tWO cOIlS Of tHE SpErM DUctS, ONE IN tHE lAtEr SpEcIES (SEE
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFCF5FC32FB9B84DE" author="RHEIMS" box="[829,1124,911,935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fIg. 22); frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFAC3FC32FA8584DF" authorityName="GErtScH" authorityYear="1941" box="[1291,1402,911,934]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFAC3FC32FA8584DF" box="[1291,1402,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHE WIDEr DOrSAl ElEMENt Of tHE cONDUctOr (SEE
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFD6EFC0EFCC584B2" author="HArvEy" box="[678,826,947,971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">HArvEy 1998</bibRefCitation>
; fIg. 1). FEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFAC9FC0EFAB284B3" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[1281,1357,947,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayri">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFAC9FC0EFAB284B3" box="[1281,1357,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. ayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AND
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFA4CFC0EFF188497" authorityName="GErtScH" authorityYear="1941" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFA4CFC0EFF188497" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHEIr SHOrt AND tHIck MEDIAN DUct, by tHE AbSENcE Of prOjEctIONS ON tHE SpErMAtHEcAE (SEE RHEIMS AND
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFF5FFC46FEBA836A" author="BrEScOvIt" box="[151,325,1019,1043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">BrEScOvIt 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fIg. 14 AND
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFE19FC46FD97836A" author="HEIMEr" box="[465,616,1019,1043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Heimer, S. (1990) Untersuchungen zur Evolution der Kopulationsorgane bei Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 53, 1 - 25, 97 - 123." type="journal article" year="1990">HEIMEr 1990</bibRefCitation>
); frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFD72FC46FCD7836B" authorityName="Rubio &amp; González" authorityYear="2010" box="[698,808,1019,1042]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yungas">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFD72FC46FCD7836B" box="[698,808,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. yungas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bUt tHEIr SMAllEr SpErMAtHEcAE (SEE
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFB02FC47FF2B834E" author="RUbIO" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rubio, G. D. &amp; Gonzalez, A. (2010) The first Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Argentina, with the description of a new species of Anapistula from the Yungas mountain rainforest. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 83, 243 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / s 0716 - 078 x 2010000200005" type="journal article" year="2010">RUbIO &amp; GONZAlEZ 2010</bibRefCitation>
: fIg. 1E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF0FFBFFFF3C8172" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFBFFFB4C822E" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFBFFFE528322" bold="true" box="[199,429,1089,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
Description:
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFEA1FBFCFE5B8323" bold="true" box="[361,420,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Male</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 0.5; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.2; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.2, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 0.3; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.3; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 0.3. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE lIgHt yEllOW. ClypEUS HIgH (
<date id="A9151058FFCDFFEBFB1EFBDAFB0B8306" box="[1238,1268,1127,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">2x</date>
ALE); SlOpINg fOrWArD. CHElIcErAE lIgHt yEllOW; prOMArgIN WItH 2 lArgE tEEtH (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCDFFEBFCA1FB36FC4183DA" box="[873,958,1163,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1735,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,323,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,303,1713]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Anapistula equatoriana n. sp. 30. Chelicerae male, anterior view. 31. Male palp, ventral view. 32. Male palp, dorsal view. 33. Female internal genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040075/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">FIg. 30</figureCitation>
), rEtrOMArgIN WItHOUt tEEtH. StErNUM lIgHt yEllOW, trUNcAtED. ENDItES AND lAbIUM lIgHt yEllOW. EyES: FOUr EyES IN tWO DIADS; PLE SEpArAtED by tHrEE tIMES tHEIr DIAMEtEr; LE cONtIgUOUS. AbDOMEN: ROUNDED; WHItISH cOvErED WItH SEtAE. LEgS: LIgHt yEllOW; tOtAl lENgtH: 0.8/0.8/0.6/0.7; lEg fOrMUlA: 1243. PAlp: FEMUr glObUlAr; tIbIA ElONgAtED cylINDrIcAl; pArAcyMbIUM brOADly ADjUNct tO tHE cyMbIUM, cyMbIUM lArgE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCDFFEBFDC7FAA6FD6C824A" box="[527,659,1307,1331]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1735,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,323,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,303,1713]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Anapistula equatoriana n. sp. 30. Chelicerae male, anterior view. 31. Male palp, ventral view. 32. Male palp, dorsal view. 33. Female internal genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040075/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">FIgS 31, 32</figureCitation>
). CONDUctOr brOAD AND SINUOUS, tIp pOINtED, DOrSAl ElEMENt WIDE AND trIANgUlAr; EMbOlUS vISIblE tHrOUgH tHE cONDUctOr; SpErM DUct WItH tWO vISIblE cOIlS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCDFFEBFB9AFA82FB59822E" box="[1106,1190,1343,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1735,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,323,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,303,1713]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Anapistula equatoriana n. sp. 30. Chelicerae male, anterior view. 31. Male palp, ventral view. 32. Male palp, dorsal view. 33. Female internal genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040075/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">FIg. 31</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFADCFF3C8172" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFADCFED88203" bold="true" box="[199,295,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Female:</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 0.5; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.3; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.2, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 0.4; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.4; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 0.4. CArApAcE:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFDF9FA3AFDAF82E6" box="[561,592,1415,1439]" name="American Samoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. EyES AND AbDOMEN:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFC69FA3AFC3F82E6" box="[929,960,1415,1439]" name="American Samoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. LEgS: tOtAl lENgtH 0.7/0.7/0.6/0.7; lEg fOrMUlA: 1243; pAlp AbSENt. GENItAlIA: EpIgAStrIc grOOvE StrAIgHt, SpErMAtHEcAE vISIblE tHrOUgH INtEgUMENt. INtErNAl gENItAlIA WItH MEDIAN DUct tHIck AND SHOrt; lAtErAl DUct SHOrt cOIlED ApIcAlly; SpErMAtHEcAE rOUNDED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFCDFFEBFAA6FA72FF498172" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1735,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,323,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,303,1713]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Anapistula equatoriana n. sp. 30. Chelicerae male, anterior view. 31. Male palp, ventral view. 32. Male palp, dorsal view. 33. Female internal genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040075/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">FIg. 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF0FF9ABFA86812A" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FF9ABFCA28156" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" box="[199,861,1558,1583]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FF9ABFE9F8156" bold="true" box="[199,352,1558,1583]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFEAFF9AAFE358156" box="[359,458,1559,1583]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFCDFFEBFD04F9AAFD038156" box="[716,764,1559,1583]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FF987FA86812A" blockId="16.[151,1438,510,1619]" box="[199,1401,1594,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FF987FE7A812A" bold="true" box="[199,389,1594,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Natural history.</emphasis>
All SpEcIMENS WHErE cOllEctED frOM SIftINg lIttEr Or MOSSES ExtrActED WItH BErlESE fUNNEl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

242
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@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
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<mods:title id="6D24FF219AFA70419EF7E64246A6614B">On some minuscule spiders (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae, Symphytognathidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador with the description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF6FF5FFC9DFEC18422" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF5FFC9DFDDC8443" blockId="13.[151,547,800,859]" box="[151,547,800,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<heading id="865C81F4FFD0FFF6FF5FFC9DFDDC8443" bold="true" box="[151,547,800,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF5FFC9DFDDC8443" bold="true" box="[151,547,800,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD0FFF6FF5FFC9DFE738443" ID-CoL="7BWZY" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,396,800,826]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kullki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF5FFC9DFE738443" bold="true" box="[151,396,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Theridiosoma kullki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF5FFCFEFEC18422" blockId="13.[151,547,800,859]" box="[151,318,834,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FF5FFCFEFEE98422" box="[151,278,835,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIgS 22–27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FEEAFCFFFEC18422" box="[290,318,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">45</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF6FF5FFC37FAE78376" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF5FFC37FAE78376" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFD0FFF6FF5FFC37FE778492" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572282" collectingDate="2013-09-13" collectionCode="SAN, CASA, HAND, QCAZ" country="Ecuador" location="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF5FFC37FEBA84DA" bold="true" box="[151,325,906,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FF5FFC37FF2D84DA" box="[151,210,906,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FE45FC37FE1084DA" box="[397,495,906,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD0FFF6FDFCFC36FD6B84DA" box="[564,660,907,931]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD0FFF6FD56FC36FC8C84DA" box="[670,883,907,931]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD0FFF6FCB5FC36FC5884DA" box="[893,935,907,931]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15310" name="Forest Research Centre" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">SAN</collectionCode>
FrANcIScO DE LAS PAMpAS,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD0FFF6FB12FC36FAEF84DA" box="[1242,1296,907,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">CASA</collectionCode>
CéSAr TApIA (-00.42413 -78.95719) 1,426M,
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFD0FFF6FDD4FC12FD6984BE" box="[540,662,943,967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" value="2013-09-13">
<date id="A9151058FFD0FFF6FDD4FC12FD6984BE" box="[540,662,943,967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" value="2013-09-13">13.Ix.2013</date>
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,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD0FFF6FD63FC12FD1E84BE" box="[683,737,943,967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">HAND</collectionCode>
cOllEctINg, prEMONtANE EvErgrEEN fOrESt, C. TApIA &amp; C. CAISAgUANO (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD0FFF6FEE5FC6EFE7F8492" box="[301,384,979,1003]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">QCAZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFD0FFF6FE5FFC6FFAEB8376" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572287" collectingDate="2014-11-10" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" location="PIcHINcHA PrOvINcE" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PIcHINcHA PrOvINcE" typeStatus="paratype">
FEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FE3EFC6EFDA98492" box="[502,598,979,1003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="paratype">pArAtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD0FFF6FD6DFC6EFC798492" box="[677,902,979,1003]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">PIcHINcHA PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OtONgAcHI BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.321205 - 78.95163) 900M,
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFD0FFF6FE96FC4AFE278376" box="[350,472,1015,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" value="2014-11-10">
<date id="A9151058FFD0FFF6FE96FC4AFE278376" box="[350,472,1015,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" value="2014-11-10">10.xI.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, SIftINg lIttEr, prEMONtANE EvErgrEEN fOrESt, E. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD0FFF6FB72FC4AFAF28376" box="[1210,1293,1015,1039]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">QCAZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF6FF0FFBA7FC89832E" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FFBA7FC89832E" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FFBA7FEB1834A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1050,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE WOrD “SIlvEr” IN rEfErENcE tO tHE tWO SIlvEr gUANINE SpOtS prESENt ON tHE AbDOMEN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF6FF0FFBDFFDCA839E" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FFBDFFDCA839E" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FFBDFFEBE8302" bold="true" box="[199,321,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES AND fEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED by tHE cOMbINAtION Of tHE fOllOWINg cHArActErS: AbDOMINAl cOlOUr pAttErN, yEllOWISH WItH grEy cHEvrONS, tWO SIlvEr gUANINE SpOtS ApIcAlly AND tWO blAck SpOtS ApIcOlAtErAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FF56FB16FF0583BA" box="[158,250,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIgS 22</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FEC2FB17FED683BA" box="[266,297,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">45</figureCitation>
), MAlES pAlpAl cONDUctOr bEArINg ApIcAlly A lONg, SpINE-lIkE prOcESS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FB9FFB16FB5183BA" box="[1111,1198,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 23</figureCitation>
), fEMAlES WItH WIDE trIANgUlAr cOpUlAtOry DUctS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FE1CFB72FDD7839E" box="[468,552,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF6FF0FFB4FFB0C80CE" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FFB4FFCAC81A6" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FFB4FFDDC8272" bold="true" box="[199,547,1266,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FEA9FB4FFDE58272" bold="true" box="[353,538,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FE66FB4FFDEF8272" box="[430,528,1266,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.5; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.7; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.6, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 0.8; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.7; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 0.9. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE lIgHt yEllOW, pArS cEpHAlIcA SlIgHtly DArkEr; pArS cEpHAlIcA ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FC59FA86FC16822A" box="[913,1001,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 45</figureCitation>
). ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFD0FFF6FB6DFA86FB3F822A" box="[1189,1216,1339,1363]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE yEllOW; cHElIcErAl tEEtH NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM NOt trUNcAtE, tWO lArgE StErNAl pIt SEpArAtED by 1.5x tHEIr DIAMEtEr, yEllOW, MArgIN SUffUSED WItH DArk grAy. ENDItES AND lAbIUM lIgHt yEllOW SlIgHtly SUffUSED WItH grAy. EyES: EIgHt, AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; AME AND LE rOUNDED, PME SOMEWHAt trIANgUlAr; AME tOUcHINg, AME-ALE SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, PME tOUcHINg (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FAFEFA76FA6F829A" box="[1334,1424,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 45</figureCitation>
). AbDOMEN: OvAl; DOrSAlly, bAckgrOUND cOlOUr yEllOWISH WItH pAttErN Of grAy cHEvrONS MEDIAlly, tWO SIlvEr gUANINE SpOtS DOrSAlly AND tWO blAck SpOtS DOrSOlAtErAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FD13F9AEFCC98152" box="[731,822,1555,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIgS 22</figureCitation>
,
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); vENtrAlly bAckgrOUND cOlOUr yEllOWISH StrONgly SUffUSED WItH grEy. LEgS: FEMOrA lIgHt yEllOW, tIbIAE lIgHt OrANgE, MEtAtArSI AND tArSI OrANgE; lEgS tOtAl lENgtH: 2.3/ 2.0/1.1/1.3; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. PAlp: CyMbIUM ScOOp-SHApED (
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); pArAcyMbIUM L-SHApED; cyMbIAl lAMEllAE rEDUcED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FEC9F9C2FEA781EE" box="[257,344,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 24</figureCitation>
); tEgUlUM lArgE WItH SMAll prONg MESAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FC82F9C2FC5F81EE" box="[842,928,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 25</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr WIDE ENDINg IN A trUMpEt SHApE WItH A lONg ApIcAl, SpINE-lIkE prOcESS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FD84F91EFD5F81C2" box="[588,672,1699,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 23</figureCitation>
); EMbOlIc ApOpHySES lONg AND cOMplEx; EMbOlUS SHOrt AND pOINtED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FF57F97AFF0C81A6" box="[159,243,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 25</figureCitation>
); MEDIAN ApOpHySIS ElONgAtED WItH blUNt tIp (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FD3AF97AFCB881A6" box="[754,839,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FF957FE2680EA" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FF957FE5B807A" bold="true" box="[199,420,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
Female (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FEE5F956FE6B807A" box="[301,404,1771,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.9; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.6; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.6, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.3; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.0; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.2. CEpHAlOtHOrAx AND EyES:
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IN MAlE. AbDOMEN:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD0FFF6FBE5F8B2FBB3805E" box="[1069,1100,1807,1831]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. LEgS: COlOUrAtION
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD0FFF6FA4DF8B2FA63805E" box="[1413,1436,1807,1831]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. LEgS tOtAl: lENgtH 2.1/1.9/1.1/1.6; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. GENItAlIA: EpIgyNAl plAtE flAt, SpErMAtHEcAE vISIblE tHrOUgH INtEgUMENt (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FE4EF8EAFE228016" box="[390,477,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 26</figureCitation>
). SpErMAtHEcAE ElONgAtED, jUxtApOSED; cOpUlAtOry DUctS WIDE, ArM-lIkE; fErtIlIZAtION DUctS NOt ObSErvED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FEB0F8C6FE3280EA" box="[376,461,1915,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 27" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[193,1398,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 27. Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 22. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 23. Male palp, prolateral view. 24. Male palp, dorsal view. 25. Male palp, ventral view. 27. Epigynum, ventral view. 27. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FF823FB0C80CE" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" box="[199,1267,1950,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FF823FE7480CE" bold="true" box="[199,395,1950,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Natural History.</emphasis>
SpEcIMENS WErE cOllEctED IN prEMONtANE AND lOW EvErgrEEN MONtANE fOrEStS.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF4FF0FF87FFD9687AD" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FF87FFCA380A2" blockId="13.[151,1437,906,2011]" box="[199,860,1986,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FF87FFE9F80A2" bold="true" box="[199,352,1986,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD0FFF6FEAFF87EFE3580A2" box="[359,458,1987,2011]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD0FFF6FE1BF87EFDC680A2" box="[467,569,1987,2011]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">COtOpAxI</collectingRegion>
AND
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD0FFF6FDB8F87EFD2080A2" box="[624,735,1987,2011]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">PIcHINcHA</collectingRegion>
PrOvINcES.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89D46610FFD3FFF5FF5FF80FFB48809E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040071/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="389" targetBox="[203,1369,201,1950]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD3FFF5FF5FF80FFB48809E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1970,2023]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FF5FF80FFEAA80BE" bold="true" box="[151,341,1970,1993]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">FIGURES 22–27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD3FFF5FE94F80FFDD780B1" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[348,552,1970,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kullki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FE94F80FFDD780B1" box="[348,552,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">Theridiosoma kullki</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FDF8F80EFD6E80BE" bold="true" box="[560,657,1970,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD3FFF5FDF8F80EFD9580B1" box="[560,618,1971,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
22.
</emphasis>
Abdomen male, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FC0DF80FFC1A80BE" bold="true" box="[965,997,1970,1991]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">23.</emphasis>
Male palp, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FACFF80FFAD880BE" bold="true" box="[1287,1319,1970,1991]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">24.</emphasis>
Male palp, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FEDFF86CFEC8809F" bold="true" box="[279,311,2001,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">25.</emphasis>
Male palp, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FDF1F86CFDA7809F" bold="true" box="[569,600,2001,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">27.</emphasis>
Epigynum, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD3FFF5FC95F86CFC82809F" bold="true" box="[861,893,2001,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="389">27.</emphasis>
Internal genitalia, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF0FFF2AFD9687AD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF0FFF2AFEF987C9" bold="true" box="[199,262,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Note.</emphasis>
THIS NEW SpEcIES StrONgly rESEMblES tHE SpEcIES prESENtED
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<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD2FFF4FC74FF2AFB8087C9" authority="Sp." authorityName="Sp." box="[956,1151,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FC74FF2AFBA787C9" box="[956,1112,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
Sp.
</taxonomicName>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD2FFF4FB0AFF25FABF87C9" box="[1218,1344,152,176]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD2FFF4FB0AFF25FAFD87C9" box="[1218,1282,152,176]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">COStA</collectingRegion>
RIcA
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD2FFF4FA82FF25FA6687C9" box="[1354,1433,152,176]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">LIMON</collectingRegion>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD2FFF4FF72FF01FD9987AD" author="CODDINgtON" box="[186,614,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">CODDINgtON (1986: 62, fIgS. 132, 133)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF5FF8BCFEE48062" bold="true" box="[151,283,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Anapistula</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF5FF8F4FD888027" blockId="15.[151,631,1864,1886]" box="[151,631,1864,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
Type species:
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FEEEF8F5FE1D8027" box="[294,482,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Anapistula secreta</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF5FF837FC958092" blockId="15.[151,1436,1930,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF5FF837FEEE80DA" bold="true" box="[151,273,1930,1955]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES AND fEMAlES
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FE3FF837FD8F80DA" box="[503,624,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ArE DIAgNOSED frOM MOSt
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD2FFF4FC54F836FB8380DA" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[924,1148,1931,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">SyMpHytOgNAtHIDAE</taxonomicName>
by tHEIr cHElIcErAE fUSED ONly NEAr bASE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FE82F812FE6180BE" box="[330,414,1967,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1735,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,323,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,303,1713]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Anapistula equatoriana n. sp. 30. Chelicerae male, anterior view. 31. Male palp, ventral view. 32. Male palp, dorsal view. 33. Female internal genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040075/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 30</figureCitation>
), frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD2FFF4FE39F812FD8E80BF" authorityName="Forster &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[497,625,1967,1990]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Curimagua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FE39F812FD8E80BF" box="[497,625,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Curimagua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHEIr EyES IN DIADS, trIADS IN tHE lAtEr AND frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD2FFF4FB64F80DFB1E80BE" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1951" box="[1196,1249,1968,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FB64F80DFB1E80BE" box="[1196,1249,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHEIr SlIgHtly ElEvAtED pArS cEpHAlIcA (
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;
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFF2AFD148665" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFF2AFE0987C9" bold="true" box="[199,502,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Composition in America.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFE36FF2AFCF187C9" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[510,782,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquytabuera">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFE36FF2AFCF187C9" box="[510,782,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Anapistula aquytabuera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFCDFFF25FBB687C9" author="RHEIMS" box="[791,1097,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFB9EFF25FB5B87C9" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[1110,1188,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayri">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFB9EFF25FB5B87C9" box="[1110,1188,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. ayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFB65FF25FF2D87AD" author="RHEIMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF28FF01FEB087AC" box="[224,335,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. bebuia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFE90FF01FD7087AD" author="RHEIMS" box="[344,655,188,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFD55FF01FCFA87AC" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1958" box="[669,773,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFD55FF01FCFA87AC" box="[669,773,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. boneti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFCC7FF01FC5687AC" author="FOrStEr" box="[783,937,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Forster, R. R. (1958) Spiders of the family Symphytognathidae from North and South America. American Museum Novitates, 1885, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1958">FOrStEr, 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFC7FFF01FB9D87AD" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[951,1122,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="equatoriana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFC7FFF01FB9D87AD" box="[951,1122,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. equatoriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFBA4FF01FB5187AC" bold="true" box="[1132,1198,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFB77FF01FAE387AD" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[1215,1308,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyri">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFB77FF01FAE387AD" box="[1215,1308,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. guyri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFE95FF5DFDEE8781" box="[349,529,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. pocaruguara</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFDD4FF5DFCAB8781" author="RHEIMS" box="[540,852,224,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFCAAFF5DFC2A8781" authorityName="GErtScH" authorityYear="1941" box="[866,981,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFCAAFF5DFC2A8781" box="[866,981,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFC17FF5DFB7D8781" author="GErtScH" box="[991,1154,224,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Gertsch, W. J. (1941) Report on some arachnids from Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone. American Museum Novitates, 1146, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1941">GErtScH, 1941</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFB59FF5DFAE38781" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[1169,1308,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ybyquyra">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFB59FF5DFAE38781" box="[1169,1308,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. ybyquyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFAEEFF5DFEB48665" author="RHEIMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">RHEIMS &amp; BrEScOvIt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFCDFFEBFE9EFEB9FE3B8665" authorityName="Rubio &amp; González" authorityYear="2010" box="[342,452,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yungas">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFE9EFEB9FE3B8665" box="[342,452,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">A. yungas</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFCDFFEBFE04FEB9FD178665" author="RUbIO" box="[460,744,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" refString="Rubio, G. D. &amp; Gonzalez, A. (2010) The first Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Argentina, with the description of a new species of Anapistula from the Yungas mountain rainforest. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 83, 243 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / s 0716 - 078 x 2010000200005" type="journal article" year="2010">RUbIO &amp; GONZálEZ, 2010</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFCDFFEBFF0FFE9AFA6D8639" box="[199,1426,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFCDFFEBFF0FFE9AFA6D8639" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[199,1426,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFCDFFEBFF0FFE9AFE138639" bold="true" box="[199,492,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">Distribution in America.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFE3BFE95FDD48639" box="[499,555,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">USA</collectingCountry>
tO
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFD87FE9AFD3E8639" box="[591,705,295,320]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">COlOMbIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFD03FE95FCA08639" box="[715,863,296,320]" name="Bahamas" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">tHE BAHAMAS</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFCA1FE95FC388639" box="[873,967,296,320]" name="Jamaica" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">JAMAIcA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFCDFFEBFC19FE95FBD58639" box="[977,1066,296,320]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFC19FE95FBD58639" box="[977,1066,296,320]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">MExIcO</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFBFDFE95FB6A8639" box="[1077,1173,296,320]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFB57FE9AFB1C8639" box="[1183,1251,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">BrAZIl</collectingCountry>
AND
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFCDFFEBFAD2FE95FA718639" box="[1306,1422,296,320]" name="Argentina" pageId="16" pageNumber="391">ArgENtINA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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148
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<heading id="865C81F4FFD2FFF4FF5FFE95FDDC863B" bold="true" box="[151,547,296,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF5FFE95FDDC863B" bold="true" box="[151,547,296,322]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD2FFF4FF5FFE95FE73863B" ID-CoL="7BXB2" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,396,296,322]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF5FFE95FE73863B" bold="true" box="[151,396,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Theridiosoma sacha</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF5FFEF6FEC1861A" blockId="15.[151,547,296,355]" box="[151,318,330,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FF5FFEF6FEE9861A" box="[151,278,331,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 28, 29" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,1154,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1130,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 28, 29. Theridiosoma sacha n. sp. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIgS 28, 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FEEAFEF7FEC1861A" box="[290,318,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">46</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD2FFF4FF5FFE2FFA6886B6" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF5FFE2FFA6886B6" blockId="15.[151,1437,402,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFD2FFF4FF5FFE2FFBB286B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572288" collectingDate="2014-09-05" collectingDateMax="2014-09-07" collectingDateMin="2014-09-05" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" location="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF5FFE2FFEB786D2" bold="true" box="[151,328,402,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD2FFF4FF5FFE2FFF2D86D2" box="[151,210,402,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
FEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD2FFF4FE66FE2FFDEF86D2" box="[430,528,402,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD2FFF4FD91FE2EFD4686D2" box="[601,697,403,427]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD2FFF4FD0EFE2EFC6186D2" box="[710,926,403,427]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.42261 - 79.5107),
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<date id="A9151058FFD2FFF4FEC1FE0BFE5286B6" box="[265,429,438,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" value="2014-09-05" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-05">05–07.Ix.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, gENErAl cOllEctINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD2FFF4FC3AFE0AFBBA86B6" box="[1010,1093,439,463]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">QCAZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. FEMAlE pArAtypE, SAME DAtA.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD2FFF4FF0FFE67FA95868A" box="[199,1386,474,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF0FFE67FA95868A" blockId="15.[151,1437,402,1075]" box="[199,1386,474,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF0FFE67FEB1868A" bold="true" box="[199,334,474,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE MEANINg “fOrESt”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD2FFF4FF0FFE43FAE8856E" box="[199,1303,510,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF0FFE43FAE8856E" blockId="15.[151,1437,402,1075]" box="[199,1303,510,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF0FFE43FEBE856E" bold="true" box="[199,321,510,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
FEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD2FFF4FD1AFE43FC91856E" box="[722,878,510,535]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FD1AFE43FC91856E" box="[722,878,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHEIr SplIt EpIgyNAl plAtE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FB7EFE42FAF4856E" box="[1206,1291,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 28, 29" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,1154,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1130,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 28, 29. Theridiosoma sacha n. sp. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD2FFF4FF0FFD9FFE768376" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF0FFD9FFB228492" blockId="15.[151,1437,402,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF0FFD9FFDC48542" bold="true" box="[199,571,546,571]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FE97FD9FFDCD8542" bold="true" box="[351,562,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
Female (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD2FFF4FE0EFD9FFDD68542" box="[454,553,546,571]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 2.1; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.7; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.7, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.4; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.5; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.4. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE pArS cEpHAlIcA AND pArS tHOrAcIcA MEDIAlly DArk OrANgE-brOWN StrONgly SUffUSED grEy, lAtErAlly WHItISH; pArS cEpHAlIcA ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FEA1FD32FE4185DE" box="[361,446,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 46</figureCitation>
). ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFD2FFF4FDB8FD32FD7485DE" box="[624,651,655,679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE bASAlly WHItISH, ApIcAlly yEllOW-OrANgE; cHElIcErAl tEEtH NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM NOt trUNcAtE, StErNAl pIt SMAll SEpArAtED by 3,5x tHEIr DIAMEtEr, OrANgE, MEDIAlly NOt SUffUSED, lAtErAlly AND MArgIN SUffUSED WItH DArk grAy. ENDItES AND lAbIUM OrANgE. EyES: EIgHt EyES; AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, AME SOMEWHAt SMAllEr, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; AME AND LE rOUNDED, PME SOMEWHAt trIANgUlAr; AME tOUcHINg, AME-ALE SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME SEpArAtED by rADIUS Of PLE, PME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FE0BFCFEFDDF8422" box="[451,544,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 46</figureCitation>
). AbDOMEN: WIDE OvAl, bAckgrOUND cOlOUr bEIgE WItH blAck lAtErAl rINg, DOrSOMEDIAlly WItH gUANINE SpOtS AND blAck MArkINgS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FCD1FCDAFC8F8406" box="[793,880,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 46</figureCitation>
); vENtrAlly MOStly blAck. LEgS: FEMOrA WHItISH, pAtEllAE, MEtAtArSI AND tArSI OrANgE; lEgS tOtAl lENgtH: 2.1/1.9/1.2/1.7; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. GENItAlIA: EpIgyNAl plAtE prOtrUDINg, DEEply NOtcHED MEDIAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FD80FC12FD5F84BE" box="[584,672,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 28, 29" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,1154,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1130,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 28, 29. Theridiosoma sacha n. sp. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 28</figureCitation>
). SpErMAtHEcAE trIANgUlAr, cOMprESSED AND jUxtApOSED; cOpUlAtOry DUctS rObUSt, WIDE, cOIlINg tO jOIN tHE SpErMAtHEcAE; fErtIlIZAtION DUctS SHOrt AND cUrvED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD2FFF4FBB3FC6EFB2F8492" box="[1147,1232,979,1003]" captionStart="FIGURES 28, 29" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,1154,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1130,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 28, 29. Theridiosoma sacha n. sp. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">FIg. 29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF0FFC4BFE768376" blockId="15.[151,1437,402,1075]" box="[199,393,1014,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF0FFC4BFEF48376" bold="true" box="[199,267,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Male:</emphasis>
UNkNOWN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD2FFF4FF0FFBA7FCA2834A" box="[199,861,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD2FFF4FF0FFBA7FCA2834A" blockId="15.[151,1437,402,1075]" box="[199,861,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD2FFF4FF0FFBA7FE9F834A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD2FFF4FEAFFBA6FE35834A" box="[359,458,1051,1075]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD2FFF4FD04FBA6FD03834A" box="[716,764,1051,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="390">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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155
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<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FF5FFB93FEB58331" ID-CoL="48Z9D" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,330,1070,1096]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paku" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF5FFB93FEB58331" bold="true" box="[151,330,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Ogulnius paku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD5FFF3FE9AFB93FE1D8331" box="[338,482,1070,1096]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF5FFBEFFEC18313" blockId="8.[151,482,1070,1130]" box="[151,318,1106,1130]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIgS 13, 14, 42</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF5FFB24FA8383AF" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF5FFB24FA8383AF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1177,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF5FFB24FEB783CB" bold="true" box="[151,328,1177,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FF5FFB24FF2D83CB" box="[151,210,1177,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
FEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FE66FB24FDEF83CB" box="[430,528,1177,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD5FFF3FD91FB27FD4683CB" box="[601,697,1178,1202]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD5FFF3FD0EFB27FC6183CB" box="[710,926,1178,1202]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.42261 - 79.5107),
<date id="A9151058FFD5FFF3FEC1FB00FE5283AF" box="[265,429,1213,1238]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" value="2014-09-05" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-05">05–07.Ix.2014</date>
,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD5FFF3FE71FB03FE1083AF" box="[441,495,1214,1238]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">HAND</collectionCode>
cOllEctINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD5FFF3FC1FFB03FBD583AF" box="[983,1066,1214,1238]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">QCAZ</collectionCode>
). FEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FB5DFB03FB0683AF" box="[1173,1273,1214,1238]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="paratype">pArAtypE</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD5FFF3FACCFB03FAC183AF" box="[1284,1342,1214,1238]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">SAME</collectionCode>
DAtA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF0FFB5CFCEA8267" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFB5CFCEA8267" blockId="8.[151,1437,1177,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFB5CFEB18383" bold="true" box="[199,334,1249,1274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE MEANINg “DArk cOffEE cOlOUrAtION” IN rEfErENcE tO tHE cOlOUrAtION Of tHE SpIDEr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF0FFA94FEA582F3" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFA94FEA582F3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1177,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFA94FEBE823B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1321,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
DIStINgUISHED frOM All OtHEr
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FD56FA94FCA78238" authority="ExcEpt" authorityName="ExcEpt" box="[670,856,1321,1346]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FD56FA94FCFA823B" box="[670,773,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Ogulnius</emphasis>
ExcEpt
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FCABFA97FC1F823B" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[867,992,1321,1346]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laranka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FCABFA97FC1F823B" box="[867,992,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">O. laranka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD5FFF3FC23FA94FBD1823B" box="[1003,1070,1321,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FC23FA94FBD1823B" bold="true" box="[1003,1070,1321,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by tHE INtErrUptED grOOvE WItH pOckEt-lIkE StrUctUrES AND frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FDC9FAF0FD38821F" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[513,711,1357,1382]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laranka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FDC9FAF0FD38821F" box="[513,711,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Ogulnius laranka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD5FFF3FD07FAF0FCF0821F" box="[719,783,1357,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FD07FAF0FCF0821F" bold="true" box="[719,783,1357,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by tHE DArk cOffEE cOlOUrAtION (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FBB5FAF3FB2D821F" box="[1149,1234,1358,1382]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 42</figureCitation>
), brIgHt OrANgE IN tHE lAttEr SpEcIES.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF0FFA28FE768027" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFA28FAF58043" blockId="8.[151,1437,1177,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFA28FDC482D7" bold="true" box="[199,571,1428,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FE97FA29FDCD82D4" bold="true" box="[351,562,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
Female (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FE0EFA29FDD682D4" box="[454,553,1428,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 2.5; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.8; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.7, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.7; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.9; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 2.0. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE DArk brOWN StrONgly SUffUSED WItH grAy; pArS cEpHAlIcA ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FCF3FA63FC6B828F" box="[827,916,1502,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 42</figureCitation>
). ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFD5FFF3FB99FA63FB92828F" box="[1105,1133,1502,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE brOWN SUffUSED WItH grAy; cHElIcErAl tEEtH NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM AlMOSt blAck, trUNcAtE, SMOOtH, StErNAl pIt SMAll, SEpArAtED by
<date id="A9151058FFD5FFF3FEE5F99BFEB68147" box="[301,329,1574,1598]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">3x</date>
tHEIr DIAMEtEr. ENDItES AND lAbIUM OrANgE SUffUSED WItH DArk grEy. EyES: EIgHt, AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; AME AND LE rOUNDED, PME SOMEWHAt trIANgUlAr; AME tOUcHINg, AME-ALE tOUcHINg, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, PME SEpArAtED by tHEIr DIAMEtEr. AbDOMEN: ROUNDED, DOrSAlly DArk cOffEE WItH A SMAll MEDIAN bEIgE MArk (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FCC8F92FFCA981D3" box="[768,854,1682,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 42</figureCitation>
); vENtrAlly DArk cOffEE. LEgS: LIgHt yEllOW-OrANgE; fEMOrA StrONgly SUffUSED WItH DArk grEy, MEtAtArSI AND tArSI UNIfOrMly DArk OrANgE; lEgS tOtAl lENgtH 2.1/1.8/1.1/ 1.6; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. GENItAlIA: EpIgyNAl plAtE flAt, StrIAtED WItH SMAll trIANgUlAr INDENtAtION MEDIAlly, WItH grOOvE DISjUNct AND tWO pOckEt-lIkE fEAtUrES (FIg. 13). SpErMAtHEcAE ElONgAtED, jUxtApOSED; cOpUlAtOry DUctS NArrOW INItIAlly AND ENlArgINg INtO A cONE-lIkE StrUctUrE; fErtIlIZAtION DUctS SHOrt, NOt cUrvED (FIg. 14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FF8F9FE768027" blockId="8.[151,1437,1177,1922]" box="[199,393,1860,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FF8F9FEF48024" bold="true" box="[199,267,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Male:</emphasis>
UNkNOWN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF0FF8D4FCA280FB" box="[199,861,1897,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FF8D4FCA280FB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1177,1922]" box="[199,861,1897,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FF8D4FE9F80FB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1897,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD5FFF3FEAFF8D7FE3580FB" box="[359,458,1898,1922]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FD04F8D7FD0380FB" box="[716,764,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

163
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF5FFD48FEC18449" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FFD48FDDB8476" blockId="10.[151,548,757,816]" box="[151,548,757,783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<heading id="865C81F4FFD7FFF1FF5FFD48FDDB8476" bold="true" box="[151,548,757,783]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FFD48FDDB8476" bold="true" box="[151,548,757,783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FF5FFD48FE728476" ID-CoL="56DZT" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,397,757,783]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FFD48FE728476" bold="true" box="[151,397,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma ankas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD7FFF1FE5DFD48FDDB8476" box="[405,548,757,783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FFCA5FEC18449" blockId="10.[151,548,757,816]" box="[151,318,791,816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FF5FFCA5FEE98449" box="[151,278,791,816]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIgS 15–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FEEAFCA5FEC18449" box="[290,318,792,816]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">43</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF5FFCE2FC67849D" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FFCE2FC67849D" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FFCE2FEB68401" bold="true" box="[151,329,863,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD7FFF1FF5FFCE2FF2D8401" box="[151,210,863,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD7FFF1FE53FCE2FE028401" box="[411,509,863,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FD83FCDDFD548401" box="[587,683,864,888]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD7FFF1FD72FCDDFC6B8401" box="[698,916,864,888]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.42180 - 79.01325),
<date id="A9151058FFD7FFF1FED2FC39FE4A84E5" box="[282,437,900,924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" value="2014-05-24" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-24">24–30.v.2014</date>
, 2,225M, NIgHt cOllEctINg, clOUD fOrESt, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD7FFF1FB33FC39FAB184E5" box="[1275,1358,900,924]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">QCAZ</collectionCode>
). MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD7FFF1FF5FFC15FF0884B9" box="[151,247,936,960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="paratype">pArAtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD7FFF1FE8CFC15FDE384B9" box="[324,540,936,960]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.42261 -79.5107),
<date id="A9151058FFD7FFF1FB5EFC15FACE84B9" box="[1174,1329,936,960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" value="2014-05-24" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-24">24–30.v.2014</date>
, 2,225M,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD7FFF1FF5FFC71FF32849D" box="[151,205,972,996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">HAND</collectionCode>
cOllEctINg, clOUD fOrESt, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFD7FFF1FC80FC71FC73849D" box="[840,908,972,996]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">ZMH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF0FFC52FDBD8354" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FFC52FDBD8354" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FFC52FEB18371" bold="true" box="[199,334,1007,1032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE WOrD fOr “blUE” IN rEfErENcE tO tHE AbDOMEN cOlOUrAtION.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF0FFB8AFE4483E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FFB8AFE4483E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FFB8AFEBE8329" bold="true" box="[199,321,1079,1104]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All SpEcIES by tHE cOMbINAtION Of tHE fOllOWINg cHArActErS: UNIfOrMly tUrqUOISE cOlOUrAtION Of tHEIr AbDOMEN (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FDA7FBE1FD39830D" box="[623,710,1116,1140]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 43</figureCitation>
), SMAll ApIcAlly pOINtED MEDIAN ApOpHySIS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FB02FBE1FAE1830C" box="[1226,1310,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 15</figureCitation>
) AND WIDE cyMbIAl lAMEllA (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FE91FB3DFE5283E1" box="[345,429,1152,1176]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF0FFB19FE5A8114" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FFB19FD038131" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FFB19FDDA83C4" bold="true" box="[199,549,1187,1213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FEA9FB1EFDE483C5" bold="true" box="[353,539,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD7FFF1FE66FB19FDED83C5" box="[430,530,1188,1212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.8; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.7; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.7, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.1; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.8; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.1. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE yEllOW-OrANgE WItH grAy MArkINg ON pArS tHOrAcIcA rEAcHINg PLE; pArS cEpHAlIcA ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly. ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFD7FFF1FAECFB51FAC0827D" box="[1316,1343,1260,1284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE yEllOW; cHElIcErAl tEEtH NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM NOt trUNcAtE, StErNAl pIt SMAll, SEpArAtED by
<date id="A9151058FFD7FFF1FA8AFAADFAA18251" box="[1346,1374,1296,1320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">4x</date>
tHEIr DIAMEtEr, OrANgE, MArgIN SUffUSED WItH DArk grAy. ENDItES AND lAbIUM OrANgE. EyES: EIgHt EyES; AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; AME AND LE rOUNDED, PME SOMEWHAt trIANgUlAr; AME tOUcHINg, AME-ALE SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME SEpArAtED by rADIUS Of PLE, PME SEpArAtED. AbDOMEN: OvAl, UNIfOrMly tUrqUOISE WItH fOUr SIgIllAE AND fOUr gUANINE pAtcHES AbOvE SIgIllAE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FC7CFA1DFBF382C1" box="[948,1036,1440,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 43</figureCitation>
). LEgS: FEMOrA yEllOW, tIbIAE pAlE OrANgE, MEtAtArSI AND tArSI OrANgE. LEgS tOtAl lENgtH 2.5/2.1/1.2/1.6; lEg fOrMUlA: 1423. GENItAlIA: PAlpAl cyMbIUM ScOOp-SHApED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FE8EFA55FE5F8179" box="[326,416,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 16</figureCitation>
); pArAcyMbIUM L-SHApED; cyMbIAl lAMEllAE WIDE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FBCDFA55FB9F8179" box="[1029,1120,1512,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 17</figureCitation>
); tEgUlUM lArgE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FAFBFA55FA718179" box="[1331,1422,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 16</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr WIDE, pOINtED ApIcAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FDD0F9B1FD93815C" box="[536,620,1548,1573]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 15</figureCitation>
); EMbOlIc ApOpHySES lONg AND cOMplEx; EMbOlUS SHOrt AND tUbUlAr (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FAA7F9B1FF498131" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 17</figureCitation>
); MEDIAN ApOpHySIS SHOrt WItH pOINtED tIp (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FD53F98DFD118131" box="[667,750,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FF9EEFE5A8114" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" box="[199,421,1619,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FF9EEFED88115" bold="true" box="[199,295,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Female:</emphasis>
UNkNOWN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF0FF9CAFBC681CC" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FF9CAFCA281E9" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" box="[199,861,1655,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FF9CAFE9F81E9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1655,1680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FEAFF9C5FE3581E9" box="[359,458,1656,1680]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD7FFF1FD04F9C4FD0381E8" box="[716,764,1657,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FF921FBC681CC" blockId="10.[151,1437,863,1717]" box="[199,1081,1692,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FF921FE7A81CC" bold="true" box="[199,389,1692,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Natural history.</emphasis>
BOtH SpEcIMENS WErE cOllEctED At 2,225M IN tHE clOUD fOrESt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

223
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<treatment id="5502878EFFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD0385DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135557958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5502878EFFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD0385DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5502878EFFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD0385DB" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD4F87CB" box="[151,688,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD4F87CB" blockId="10.[151,688,152,178]" box="[151,688,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<heading id="865C81F4FFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD4F87CB" bold="true" box="[151,688,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD4F87CB" ID-CoL="7VQL" ID-ENA="233288" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,688,152,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FD4F87CB" bold="true" box="[151,688,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FFF25FEC087CB" bold="true" box="[151,319,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FE8EFF25FD4F87CB" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[326,688,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1879) On some new and rare British spiders, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (5), 190 - 215." type="journal article" year="1879">O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF5FFF62FC9C878D" box="[151,867,222,244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FFF62FC9C878D" blockId="10.[151,867,222,244]" box="[151,867,222,244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FEEEFF63FC9C878D" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" box="[294,867,222,244]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteolum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FEEEFF63FDC7878D" box="[294,568,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma argenteolum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FDF6FF63FC9C878D" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[574,867,222,244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1879) On some new and rare British spiders, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (5), 190 - 215." type="journal article" year="1879">O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF5FFE9CFAB18523" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FFE9CFBA186DF" blockId="10.[151,1437,289,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FFE9CFEEE8643" bold="true" box="[151,273,289,314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FED5FE9CFE468643" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" box="[285,441,289,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FED5FE9CFE468643" box="[285,441,289,314]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MAlES DIffEr frOM All OtHEr tHErIDIOSOMAtIDS by tHE fOrM Of tHE EMbOlIc DIvISION, A tUbUlAr EMbOlUS WItH tHE EMbOlIc ApOpHySIS frAgMENtED INtO SEvErAl lONg brIStlE-lIkE pArtS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FB60FEFBFB048627" box="[1192,1275,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 16</figureCitation>
) AND A cUrvED MEDIAN ApOpHySIS, WItH A SlIgHt grOOvE AlONg ItS UppEr AxIS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FCF1FED4FC7386FB" box="[825,908,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,200,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 15. Male palp, prolateral view. 16. Male palp, ventral view. 17. Male palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 15</figureCitation>
). FEMAlES
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FBCBFED4FB6086FB" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" box="[1027,1183,361,386]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FBCBFED4FB6086FB" box="[1027,1183,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ArE DIAgNOSED by tHEIr fIrM AND rObUSt cOpUlAtOry DUctS lEADINg frOM tHE bUrSA tO tHE SpErMAtHEcAE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FC34FE33FBAE86DF" box="[1020,1105,398,422]" captionStart="FIGURES 28, 29" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,1154,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1130,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 28, 29. Theridiosoma sacha n. sp. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040073/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIg. 29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FFE0CFAB18523" blockId="10.[151,1437,289,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FFE0CFDFF86B3" bold="true" box="[199,512,433,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Composition in America.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FDC5FE0CFD0886B3" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[525,759,433,458]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FDC5FE0CFD0886B3" box="[525,759,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma ankas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD7FFF1FCCDFE0CFCB486B3" box="[773,843,433,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FCCDFE0CFCB486B3" bold="true" box="[773,843,433,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FCA8FE0FFBA986B3" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[864,1110,433,458]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteolunulatum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FCA8FE0FFBA986B3" box="[864,1110,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. argenteolunulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FBACFE0CFB0286B0" author="SIMON" box="[1124,1277,433,457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Etudes arachnologiques. 27 e Memoire. XLII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 65, 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1897">SIMON, 1897</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FAC6FE0FFA6386B0" box="[1294,1436,434,457]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caaguara">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FAC6FE0FFA6386B0" box="[1294,1436,434,457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. caaguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FF5FFE6BFE648697" author="RODrIgUES" box="[151,411,469,494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Ott, R. (2005) Aranhas da familia Theridiosomatidae: especie nova e novas ocorrencias no Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 95, 441 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212005000400016" type="journal article" year="2005">RODrIgUES &amp; Ott, 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FE6EFE6BFDEC8697" box="[422,531,469,494]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiripa">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FE6EFE6BFDEC8697" box="[422,531,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. chiripa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FDD3FE6BFCE18697" author="RODrIgUES" box="[539,798,469,494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Ott, R. (2005) Aranhas da familia Theridiosomatidae: especie nova e novas ocorrencias no Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 95, 441 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212005000400016" type="journal article" year="2005">RODrIgUES &amp; Ott, 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FCE2FE6BFC558697" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1884" box="[810,938,469,494]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FCE2FE6BFC558697" box="[810,938,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. concolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FC79FE68FB8A8697" author="KEySErlINg" box="[945,1141,469,494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Keyserling, E. (1884) Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae, Nurnberg, 1, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1884">KEySErlINg, 1884</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FB48FE6BFB228697" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1953" box="[1152,1245,469,494]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FB48FE6BFB228697" box="[1152,1245,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. davisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FB2EFE6BFA838697" author="ArcHEr" box="[1254,1404,469,494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Archer, A. F. (1953) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 3. American Museum Novitates, 1622, 1 - 27. Archer, A. F. (1958) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 4. American Museum Novitates, 1922, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1953">ArcHEr, 1953</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FA4FFE6BFEE8856B" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esmeraldas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FA4FFE6BFEE8856B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. esmeraldas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD7FFF1FEE9FE44FE9C856B" box="[289,355,505,530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FEE9FE44FE9C856B" bold="true" box="[289,355,505,530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FEBDFE47FDED8568" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[373,530,506,529]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmosum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FEBDFE47FDED8568" box="[373,530,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. gemmosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FDEDFE44FD2D8568" author="KOcH" box="[549,722,505,529]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Koch, L. (1877) Verzeichniss der bei Nurnberg bis jetzt beobachteten Arachniden (mit Ausschluss der Ixodiden und Acariden) und Beschreibungen von neuen, hier vorkommenden Arten. Abhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nurnberg, 6, 113 - 198." type="journal article" year="1877">L. KOcH, 1877</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FD21FE47FC4A856B" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1953" box="[745,949,505,530]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goodnightorum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FD21FE47FC4A856B" box="[745,949,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. goodnightorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FC77FE44FBA7856B" author="ArcHEr" box="[959,1112,505,530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Archer, A. F. (1953) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 3. American Museum Novitates, 1622, 1 - 27. Archer, A. F. (1958) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 4. American Museum Novitates, 1922, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1953">ArcHEr, 1953</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FBAFFE47FB3B856B" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[1127,1220,505,530]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kullki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FBAFFE47FB3B856B" box="[1127,1220,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. kullki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD7FFF1FB07FE44FAEE856B" box="[1231,1297,505,530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FB07FE44FAEE856B" bold="true" box="[1231,1297,505,530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FAEBFE47FA63856B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[1315,1436,505,530]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FAEBFE47FA63856B" box="[1315,1436,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. lucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FF5FFDA3FECC854F" author="SIMON" box="[151,307,542,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Etudes arachnologiques. 27 e Memoire. XLII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 65, 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1897">SIMON, 1897</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FE81FDA3FE03854F" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1930" box="[329,508,541,566]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nechodomae">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FE81FDA3FE03854F" box="[329,508,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. nechodomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FDC5FDA0FD03854F" author="PEtrUNkEvItcH" box="[525,764,541,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Petrunkevitch, A. (1930) The spiders of Porto Rico. Part two. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 30, 159 - 356." type="journal article" year="1930">PEtrUNkEvItcH, 1930</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FCD9FDA3FC5A854F" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[785,933,541,566]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FCD9FDA3FC5A854F" box="[785,933,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. obscurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FC76FDA0FB6F854F" author="KEySErlINg" box="[958,1168,541,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Keyserling, E. (1886) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Theridiidae, Nurnberg, 2, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1886">KEySErlINg, 1886</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FB65FDA3FAEA854F" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[1197,1301,541,566]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FB65FDA3FAEA854F" box="[1197,1301,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. sacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD7FFF1FAEEFDA0FA90854F" box="[1318,1391,541,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FAEEFDA0FA90854F" bold="true" box="[1318,1391,541,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FA4FFDA3FEA58523" authorityName="Baert" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancristobalensis">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FA4FFDA3FEA58523" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. sancristobalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FEA8FDFCFE198520" author="BAErt" box="[352,486,577,601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Baert, L. (2014) New spider species (Araneae) from the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Bulletin de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 149, 263 - 271." type="journal article" year="2014">BAErt, 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FE39FDFFFD828520" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1944" box="[497,637,578,601]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savannum">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FE39FDFFFD828520" box="[497,637,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. savannum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FD4DFDFCFC5E8520" author="CHAMbErlIN" box="[645,929,577,602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W. (1944) Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 35 (9), 1 - 267." type="journal article" year="1944">CHAMbErlIN &amp; IvIE, 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FC64FDFFFBEB8520" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[940,1044,578,601]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygops">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FC64FDFFFBEB8520" box="[940,1044,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">T. zygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD7FFF1FBE9FDFCFABD8523" author="CHAMbErlIN" box="[1057,1346,577,602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W. (1936) New spiders from Mexico and Panama. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 27 (5), 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1936">CHAMbErlIN &amp; IvIE, 1936</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD7FFF1FF0FFDD8FD0385DB" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF0FFDD8FD0385DB" blockId="10.[151,1437,289,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF0FFDD8FE0C8507" bold="true" box="[199,499,613,638]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Distribution in America.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FE34FDDBFDAB8507" box="[508,596,614,638]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">CANADA</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FD63FDDBFCFB8507" box="[683,772,614,638]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">MExIcO</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD7FFF1FCDAFDDBFCAD8507" box="[786,850,614,638]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">COStA</collectingRegion>
RIcA
</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FC68FDDBFC028507" box="[928,1021,614,638]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FBC2FDDBFB978507" box="[1034,1128,614,638]" name="Jamaica" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">JAMAIcA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FBBEFDDBFAFE8507" box="[1142,1281,614,638]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">PUErtO RIcO</collectingCountry>
, WESt INDIES,
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,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FED0FD37FE8A85DB" box="[280,373,650,674]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
AND tHE
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD7FFF1FE1DFD34FD5A85DB" box="[469,677,649,674]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">GAlApAgOS ISlANDS</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD7FFF1FD78FD34FD0785DB" box="[688,760,649,674]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">BrAZIl</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

201
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<heading id="865C81F4FFD7FFF1FF5FF8B5FD9B805B" bold="true" box="[151,612,1800,1826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD7FFF1FF5FF8B5FE32805B" ID-CoL="7BWZN" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,461,1800,1826]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esmeraldas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD7FFF1FF5FF8B5FE32805B" bold="true" box="[151,461,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">Theridiosoma esmeraldas</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FF5FF896FEE9803A" box="[151,278,1835,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">FIgS 18–21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD7FFF1FEEAF896FEC1803A" box="[290,318,1835,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">44</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD7FFF1FF5FF8CFFE3180AA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1906,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="385">
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MAlE
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frOM
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, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE, RIO
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(-
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) 1,717M,
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, SIftINg MOSSES, lOW EvErgrEEN MONtANE fOrESt, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
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).
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FF5FF92CFEAC81DF" bold="true" box="[151,339,1681,1704]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">FIGURES 15–17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD6FFF0FE91F92CFDD881DE" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[345,551,1681,1703]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FE91F92CFDD881DE" box="[345,551,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">Theridiosoma ankas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD6FFF0FDE5F92FFD9981DE" box="[557,614,1682,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
15.
</emphasis>
Male palp, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FC6EF92CFC3981DF" bold="true" box="[934,966,1681,1702]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">16.</emphasis>
Male palp, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FB0EF92CFB1981DF" bold="true" box="[1222,1254,1681,1702]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">17.</emphasis>
Male palp, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD6FFF0FF0FF94FFECE800E" pageId="11" pageNumber="386" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD6FFF0FF0FF94FFECE800E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1778,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FF0FF94FFEB18072" bold="true" box="[199,334,1778,1803]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD6FFF0FC0CF94EFC0B8072" box="[964,1012,1779,1803]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty RIO
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.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FF0FF8ABFEBE8056" bold="true" box="[199,321,1814,1839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All SpEcIES by tHE cOMbINAtION Of tHE fOllOWINg cHArActErS: yEllOWISH WItH grAy pAttErN AND tWO gUANINE SpOtS MEDIAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD6FFF0FD19F886FCD6802A" box="[721,809,1851,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">FIgS 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD6FFF0FCFEF886FCA9802A" box="[822,854,1851,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">44</figureCitation>
); bIpArtItE MEDIAN ApOpHySIS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD6FFF0FB60F886FB04802A" box="[1192,1275,1851,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">FIg. 19</figureCitation>
), SIMplE IN All OtHEr SpEcIES.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD6FFF6FF0FF83FFE5A8519" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="11" pageNumber="386" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD6FFF6FF0FF83FFE9A8545" blockId="11.[151,1437,1778,2020]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1438,151,716]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FF0FF83FFDDC80E2" bold="true" box="[199,547,1922,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD6FFF0FEA9F83FFDE580E2" bold="true" box="[353,538,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD6FFF0FE66F83FFDEF80E2" box="[430,528,1922,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="386" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 2.1; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.9; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.8, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.2; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.0; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.2. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE DArk brOWN WItH grAy MArkINg ON pArS tHOrAcIcA rEAcHINg PLE, MArgIN AND rADIAtINg lINES (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD6FFF0FCCAF876FCA2809A" box="[770,861,1995,2019]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="386">FIg. 44</figureCitation>
). PArS cEpHAlIcA ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly. ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFD0FFF6FE63FF25FE3887C9" box="[427,455,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE OrANgE; prOMArgIN WItH 7 tEEtH, rEtrOMArgIN NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM, cONcAvE MEDIAlly, bAckgrOUND cOlOUr OrANgE StrONgly SUffUSED WItH DArk grEy, NOt trUNcAtED, StErNAl pIt lArgE SEpArAtED by 1.5x tHEIr DIAMEtEr. ENDItES AND lAbIUM OrANgE. EyES: EIgHt EyES, AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; AME AND LE rOUNDED, PME SOMEWHAt trIANgUlAr; AME tOUcHINg, AME-ALE tOUcHINg, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME, SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, PME SEpArAtED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FC88FE95FC638639" box="[832,924,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 44</figureCitation>
). AbDOMEN: OvAl; DOrSAlly WItH yEllOWISH bAckgrOUND cOlOUr AND grEy pAttErN (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FD9AFEF1FD50861D" box="[594,687,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIgS 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FD09FEF1FD1F861D" box="[705,736,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,199,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1420,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitus dorsal view. 43. Male, Theridiosoma ankas n. sp. 44. Male, Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 45. Male, Theridiosoma kullki n. sp. 46. Female, Theridiosoma sacha n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">44</figureCitation>
), tWO gUANINE SpOtS MEDIAlly; vENtrAlly bAckgrOUND cOlOUr yEllOWISH StrONgly SUffUSED WItH grEy. LEgS: FEMOrA AND pAtEllAE yEllOW, tIbIAE, MEtAtArSI AND tArSI OrANgE; tIbIA, MEtAtArSUS AND tArSUS IV WItH DUSky bAND ApIcAlly; lEgS tOtAl lENgtH 3.2/2.6/1.6/1.8; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. GENItAlIA: PAlpAl cyMbIUM ScOOp-SHApED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FE32FE05FDB286A9" box="[506,589,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 21</figureCitation>
); pArAcyMbIUM L-SHApED; cyMbIAl lAMEllAE NArrOW (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FB53FE05FB1086A9" box="[1179,1263,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 20</figureCitation>
); tEgUlUM lArgE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FF57FE61FF0A868D" box="[159,245,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 21</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr WIDE WItH WEll SclErOtIZED rOUNDED tIp (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FC9FFE61FC52868D" box="[855,941,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 19</figureCitation>
); EMbOlIc ApOpHySES SHOrt AND cOMplExES; EMbOlUS SHOrt AND pOINtED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FE1BFDBDFDD88561" box="[467,551,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 21</figureCitation>
); MEDIAN ApOpHySIS SHOrt AND bIpArtItE, ApIcAl pArt WItH SMAll WEll SclErOtIZED blUNt tIp (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD0FFF6FECCFD99FEA78545" box="[260,344,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1344,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Theridiosoma esmeraldas n. sp. 18. Abdomen male, dorsal view. 19. Male palp, prolateral view. 20. Male palp, dorsal view. 21. Male palp, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">FIg. 19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="89D46610FFD1FFF7FF5FF81BFD9480A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040069/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="387" targetBox="[266,1336,196,1934]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD1FFF7FF5FF81BFD9480A7" blockId="12.[151,1436,1958,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD1FFF7FF5FF81BFEAA80C5" bold="true" box="[151,341,1958,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">FIGURES 18–21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD1FFF7FE94F81BFD9A80C5" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[348,613,1958,1980]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esmeraldas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD1FFF7FE94F81BFD9A80C5" box="[348,613,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">Theridiosoma esmeraldas</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD1FFF7FDA4F81AFD3980C5" bold="true" box="[620,710,1959,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD1FFF7FDA4F81AFD6080C5" box="[620,671,1959,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
18.
</emphasis>
Abdomen male, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD1FFF7FC35F81AFBE380C5" bold="true" box="[1021,1052,1959,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">19.</emphasis>
Male palp, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD1FFF7FA88F81AFA9F80C5" bold="true" box="[1344,1376,1959,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">20.</emphasis>
Male palp, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD1FFF7FE87F875FE9080A4" bold="true" box="[335,367,1992,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="387">21.</emphasis>
Male palp, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FFDFAFE5A8519" blockId="13.[151,1438,151,716]" box="[199,421,583,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FFDFAFED88519" bold="true" box="[199,295,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Female:</emphasis>
UNkNOWN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD0FFF6FF0FFDD1FF0C85B5" pageId="13" pageNumber="388" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FFDD1FCA285FC" blockId="13.[151,1438,151,716]" box="[199,861,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FFDD1FE9F85FC" bold="true" box="[199,352,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD0FFF6FEAFFDD1FE3585FD" box="[359,458,620,644]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FD04FDD0FD0385FC" box="[716,764,621,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD0FFF6FF0FFD32FF0C85B5" blockId="13.[151,1438,151,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD0FFF6FF0FFD32FE7185D1" bold="true" box="[199,398,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">Natural History.</emphasis>
THE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD0FFF6FE06FD2DFE0185D1" box="[462,510,656,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="388">typE</typeStatus>
SpEcIMEN AND ONly SpEcIMEN WAS cOllEctED IN lOW EvErgrEEN MONtANE fOrESt At 1,717M.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

238
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF5FFA56FE92817C" bold="true" box="[151,365,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Ogulnius laranka</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF5FF9E8FA878187" blockId="7.[151,1437,1621,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
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MAlE
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frOM
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, SIftINg lIttEr, BErlESE, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
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<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFDAFFFCFB7BF9C4FDC081A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572283" collectingDate="2014-09-04" collectingDateMax="2014-09-07" collectingDateMin="2014-09-04" collectionCode="ZMH" country="Ecuador" location="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" typeStatus="paratype">
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDAFFFCFB31F9C7FAA681EB" box="[1273,1369,1658,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="paratype">pArAtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFF5FF923FF0881CF" box="[151,247,1694,1718]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDAFFFCFECFF923FE1D81CF" box="[263,482,1694,1718]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.42261 -79.5107),
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFDAFFFCFBA0F923FAF381CF" box="[1128,1292,1694,1718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" value="2014-09-04" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-04">
<date id="A9151058FFDAFFFCFBA0F923FAF381CF" box="[1128,1292,1694,1718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" value="2014-09-04" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-04">04–07.Ix.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, bEAtINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDAFFFCFE3BF97FFDC881A3" box="[499,567,1730,1754]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">ZMH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFDAFFFCFD87F97CFA8B8187" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572285" collectingDate="2014-09-04" collectingDateMax="2014-09-07" collectingDateMin="2014-09-04" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" location="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" typeStatus="allotype">
fEMAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDAFFFCFD6FF97CFCFE81A3" box="[679,769,1729,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="allotype">AllOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFC87F97FFC5081A3" box="[847,943,1730,1754]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDAFFFCFC76F97FFB6881A3" box="[958,1175,1730,1754]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE (-00.42261 -79.5107),
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFDAFFFCFE3EF95BFD648187" box="[502,667,1766,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" value="2014-09-04" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-04">
<date id="A9151058FFDAFFFCFE3EF95BFD648187" box="[502,667,1766,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" value="2014-09-04" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-04">04–07.Ix.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, SIftINg MOSSES, BErlESE, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDAFFFCFAD2F95BFA928187" box="[1306,1389,1766,1790]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">QCAZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FF8B4FCFA803F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1621,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FF8B4FDC5805B" bold="true" box="[199,570,1801,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFD8CF8B7FD2F805B" box="[580,720,1802,1826]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDAFFFCFD15F8B7FC4E8058" box="[733,945,1802,1825]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFD15F8B7FC4E8058" box="[733,945,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Cotopaxi Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl,
<date id="A9151058FFDAFFFCFB00F8B7FA9C805B" box="[1224,1379,1802,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" value="2014-05-24" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-24">24–30.v.2014</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFDAFFFCFABAF8B7FA6A805B" box="[1394,1429,1801,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="male">
1
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFA48F8B4FA6A805B" bold="true" box="[1408,1429,1801,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">♂</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDAFFFCFF5FF893FF32803F" box="[151,205,1838,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">HAND</collectionCode>
cOllEctINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDAFFFCFD7DF893FD06803F" box="[693,761,1838,1862]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">ZMH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDAFFFCFF0FF8ECFCCF80F7" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FF8ECFCCF80F7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1621,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FF8ECFEB18013" bold="true" box="[199,334,1873,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE WOrD fOr “OrANgE” IN rEfErENcE tO tHE UNIfOrMly OrANgE cOlOUrAtION Of tHE SpIDEr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDAFFF3FF0FF824FE338781" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFF3FF0FF824FE338781" blockId="7.[151,1437,1621,2006]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FF824FEBE80CB" bold="true" box="[199,321,1945,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
BOtH MAlES AND fEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All SpEcIES by tHEIr cOMplEtEly brIgHt OrANgE cOlOUrAtION. FUrtHErMOrE, MAlES ArE DIffErENtIAtED by tHE ExtrEMEly lONg lAtErAl ArM Of tHE MESAl EMbOlIc ApOpHySIS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FEDEFF25FEA587C9" box="[278,346,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 9</figureCitation>
) AND fEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FCD4FF2AFC2C87D6" authority="ExcEpt" authorityName="ExcEpt" box="[796,979,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FCD4FF2AFC7C87C9" box="[796,899,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Ogulnius</emphasis>
ExcEpt
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FC12FF25FBCD87C9" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[986,1074,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paku" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FC12FF25FBCD87C9" box="[986,1074,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">O. paku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD5FFF3FBF2FF2AFB8687C9" box="[1082,1145,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FBF2FF2AFB8687C9" bold="true" box="[1082,1145,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by tHE INtErrUptED grOOvE WItH pOckEt-lIkE StrUctUrES; frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD5FFF3FDE6FF01FD2587AC" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[558,730,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paku" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FDE6FF01FD2587AC" box="[558,730,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Ogulnius paku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FD21FF01FCCF87AC" bold="true" box="[745,816,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD5FFF3FD21FF01FCCF87AC" box="[745,816,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by tHEIr MOrE ElONgAtED SpErMAtHEcAE AND cUrvED fErtIlIZAtION DUctS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FEA3FF5DFE418781" box="[363,446,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF0FFEB9FE7C84F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFEB9FA7685D1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFEB9FDDC8664" bold="true" box="[199,547,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FEA9FEBEFDE58665" bold="true" box="[353,538,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FE66FEBEFDEF8665" box="[430,528,259,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.5; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.5; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.4, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.0; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.9; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.0. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE brIgHt OrANgE; pArS cEpHAlIcA ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FDEFFEF1FD7E861D" box="[551,641,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 41</figureCitation>
). ClypEUS HIgH (
<date id="A9151058FFD5FFF3FC84FEF1FC95861D" box="[844,874,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">2x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE OrANgE; cHElIcErAl tEEtH NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM OrANgE, trUNcAtE, rEtIcUlAtE, StErNAl pIt SMAll, SEpArAtED by 3.5x tHEIr DIAMEtEr. ENDItES AND lAbIUM OrANgE. EyES: EIgHt, AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; AME AND LE rOUNDED, PME SOMEWHAt trIANgUlAr; AME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, AME-ALE SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, PME SEpArAtED by tHEIr DIAMEtEr. AbDOMEN: OvAl, DOrSAlly UNIfOrMly brIgHt OrANgE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FB07FE61FADC868D" box="[1231,1315,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 41</figureCitation>
); vENtrAlly brIgHt OrANgE SlIgHtly SUffUSED WItH grEy AlONg EpIgAStrIc fUrrOW. LEgS: BrIgHt OrANgE; lEgS tOtAl lENgtH 1.5/1.4/0.9/ 1.1; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. GENItAlIA: CyMbIUM ScOOp-SHApED, rOUNDED ApIcAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FC31FD99FBC18545" box="[1017,1086,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 9</figureCitation>
); pArAcyMbIUM trIANgUlAr WItH ApIcAl SEtA (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FEE8FDF5FE8A8519" box="[288,373,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 10</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr SEMI-trANSpArENt, vEry lArgE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FC9CFDF5FC648519" box="[852,923,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 9</figureCitation>
); tEgUlUM SMAll, SItUAtED AbOvE tHE EMbOlUS bASE; MESAl EMbOlIc ApOpHySIS ExtrEMEly lONg ENcIrclINg tHE pAlp; EMbOlUS bASE lArgE, EMbOlUS lONg, ApIcAlly WItH trUMpEt-lIkE OpENINg (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FE59FD2DFE1A85D1" box="[401,485,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 10</figureCitation>
); MEDIAN ApOpHySIS lArgE, plAtE-lIkE, WItH ONE HOOk-SHApED prONg ApIcAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FAFEFD2DFA8485D1" box="[1334,1403,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFD0EFE7C84F9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFD0EFE6485B5" bold="true" box="[199,411,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
Female (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FEE6FD0EFE7485B5" box="[302,395,691,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 2.1; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.6; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.6, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 1.5; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.3; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.5. CEpHAlOtHOrAx AND EyES:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD5FFF3FCEFFD65FCB98589" box="[807,838,728,752]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. AbDOMEN:
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD5FFF3FBE4FD65FBB48589" box="[1068,1099,728,752]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE. LEgS: COlOUrAtION
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD5FFF3FA4DFD65FA638589" box="[1413,1436,728,752]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">AS</collectingCountry>
IN MAlE; lEgS lENgtH 1.5/1.4/1.1/1.4; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. GENItAlIA: EpIgyNAl plAtE flAt StrIAtED, WItH SMAll rOUNDED INDENtAtION MEDIAlly, WItH grOOvE DISjUNct AND tWO pOckEt-lIkE fEAtUrES (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FBCFFC9DFB9F8441" box="[1031,1120,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 11</figureCitation>
). SpErMAtHEcAE ElONgAtED, cylINDrIcAl AND jUxtApOSED; cOpUlAtOry DUctS NArrOW INItIAlly, ENlArgINg, WItH tHrEE lOOpS; fErtIlIZAtION DUctS SHOrt AND cUrvED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFD5FFF3FEE9FCD5FE8A84F9" box="[289,373,872,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FIg. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFD5FFF3FF0FFC31FB8384B1" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFC31FCA284DC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,861,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFC31FE9F84DC" bold="true" box="[199,352,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD5FFF3FEAFFC31FE3584DD" box="[359,458,908,932]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFD5FFF3FD04FC30FD0384DC" box="[716,764,909,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD5FFF3FF0FFC12FB8384B1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,1148,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD5FFF3FF0FFC12FE7A84B1" bold="true" box="[199,389,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Natural history.</emphasis>
MOSt SpEcIMENS WErE cOllEctED IN SEptEMbEr, SIftINg MOSS Or lIttEr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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207
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<mods:title id="42B90EE3992850059F829A557C74BADC">On some minuscule spiders (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae, Symphytognathidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador with the description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5502878EFFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FAB982FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052687" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135557955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5502878EFFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FAB982FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5502878EFFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FAB982FC" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FD878451" box="[151,632,782,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FD878451" blockId="7.[151,632,782,808]" box="[151,632,782,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
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<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FD878451" ID-CoL="63G72" ID-ENA="2080955" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,632,782,808]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FD878451" bold="true" box="[151,632,782,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF5FFCB3FEF88451" bold="true" box="[151,263,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Ogulnius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFEC6FCB3FD878451" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[270,632,782,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1882) On new genera and species of Araneidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1882, 423 - 442." type="proceedings paper" year="1882">O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF5FFCEBFCF78412" blockId="7.[151,776,853,875]" box="[151,776,853,875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFEEEFCE8FCF78412" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[294,776,853,875]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtectus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFEEEFCE8FE228412" box="[294,477,853,875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Ogulnius obtectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFE2BFCE8FCF78412" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[483,776,853,875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1882) On new genera and species of Araneidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1882, 423 - 442." type="proceedings paper" year="1882">O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF5FFC2AFEEE84C9" bold="true" box="[151,273,919,944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
THE MAlE pAlp WItH MESAl ApOpHySIS Of EMbOlUS fOrkED AND tHE lAtErAl ArM tHAt IS prOlONgED INtO A lONg tApErINg brIStlE tHAt ENcIrclES tHE pAlp (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFDA3FC01FD4A84AD" box="[619,693,956,980]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 9</figureCitation>
). FEMAlES ArE DIAgNOSED by tHEIr rAtHEr flAt EpIgyNUM, WItH A trANSvErSE grOOvE SOMEtIMES INtErrUptED by A lONgItUDINAl MEDIAN rIDgE ON tHE pOStErIOr MArgIN Or DISjUNct (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFAA2FC5DFF4B8365" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1427,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 9. Palp, prolateral view. 10. Palp, retrolateral view. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIGURES 13 - 14. Ogulnius puku n. sp. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Internal genitalia, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040065/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIgS 11</figureCitation>
, 13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FFB9AFBF983D4" blockId="7.[151,1437,919,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FFB9AFE058339" bold="true" box="[199,506,1063,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Composition in America.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFDCDFB9AFD438339" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1886" box="[517,700,1063,1088]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFDCDFB9AFD438339" box="[517,700,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Ogulnius clarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFD0FFB9AFC708339" author="KEySErlINg" box="[711,911,1063,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Keyserling, E. (1886) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Theridiidae, Nurnberg, 2, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1886">KEySErlINg, 1886</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFC56FB95FBDE8339" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1958" box="[926,1057,1063,1088]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubanus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFC56FB95FBDE8339" box="[926,1057,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. cubanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ArcHEr, 1958,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFB1DFB95FAC18339" authorityName="Bryant" authorityYear="1945" box="[1237,1342,1063,1088]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFB1DFB95FAC18339" box="[1237,1342,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFA81FB95FF2D831C" author="BryANt" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Bryant, E. B. (1945) The Argiopidae of Hispaniola. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 95, 357 - 422." type="journal article" year="1945">BryANt, 1945</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFF28FBF0FEA0831C" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1953" box="[224,351,1100,1125]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschi">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF28FBF0FEA0831C" box="[224,351,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. gertschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFEA1FBF1FDFD831C" author="ArcHEr" box="[361,514,1100,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Archer, A. F. (1953) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 3. American Museum Novitates, 1622, 1 - 27. Archer, A. F. (1958) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 4. American Museum Novitates, 1922, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1953">ArcHEr, 1953</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFDD8FBF0FD79831C" baseAuthorityName="Petrunkevitch" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[528,646,1100,1125]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gloriae">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFDD8FBF0FD79831C" box="[528,646,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. gloriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFD5FFBF1FC7D831D" author="PEtrUNkEvItcH" box="[663,898,1100,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Petrunkevitch, A. (1930) The spiders of Porto Rico. Part two. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 30, 159 - 356." type="journal article" year="1930">PEtrUNkEvItcH, 1930</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFC51FBF0FBFB831C" authorityName="Lopez" authorityYear="1994" box="[921,1028,1100,1125]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayoti">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFC51FBF0FBFB831C" box="[921,1028,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. hayoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFBC6FBF1FB5F831D" author="LOpEZ" box="[1038,1184,1100,1124]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Lopez, A. (1994) Ogulnius hayoti n. sp. et autres araignees de la Martinique (Theridiosomatidae). Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles, Venette-Compiegne, 81, 7 - 15." type="journal article" year="1994">LOpEZ, 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFB66FBF0FABE831D" box="[1198,1345,1100,1124]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumatus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFB66FBF0FABE831D" box="[1198,1345,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. infumatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFA84FBF1FF2D83F1" author="SIMON" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Etudes arachnologiques. 27 e Memoire. XLII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 65, 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1897">SIMON, 1897</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFF15FBCDFEA883F1" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[221,343,1135,1160]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laranka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF15FBCDFEA883F1" box="[221,343,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. laranka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFDAFFFCFE97FBD2FE6183F1" box="[351,414,1135,1160]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFE97FBD2FE6183F1" bold="true" box="[351,414,1135,1160]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFE65FBCDFDF983F1" authorityName="Bryant" authorityYear="1948" box="[429,518,1135,1160]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFE65FBCDFDF983F1" box="[429,518,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFDC6FBCDFD5B83F1" author="BryANt" box="[526,676,1136,1160]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Bryant, E. B. (1948) The spiders of Hispaniola. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 100, 329 - 447." type="journal article" year="1948">BryANt, 1948</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFD67FBCDFCC883F1" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1886" box="[687,823,1135,1160]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFD67FBCDFCC883F1" box="[687,823,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFCF7FBD2FBFC83F1" author="KEySErlINg" box="[831,1027,1135,1160]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Keyserling, E. (1886) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Theridiidae, Nurnberg, 2, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1886">KEySErlINg, 1886</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFBC7FBCDFB7083F1" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[1039,1167,1135,1160]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtectus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFBC7FBCDFB7083F1" box="[1039,1167,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. obtectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFB5FFBCDFF2D83D5" author="PIckArD-CAMbrIDgE" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1882) On new genera and species of Araneidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1882, 423 - 442." type="proceedings paper" year="1882">O. PIckArD-CAMbrIDgE, 1882</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFF15FB28FE9B83D4" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1953" box="[221,356,1172,1197]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallisteri">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF15FB28FE9B83D4" box="[221,356,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. pallisteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFEA3FB29FDFE83D4" author="ArcHEr" box="[363,513,1172,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Archer, A. F. (1953) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 3. American Museum Novitates, 1622, 1 - 27. Archer, A. F. (1958) Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 4. American Museum Novitates, 1922, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1953">ArcHEr, 1953</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFDC4FB28FD9A83D4" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[524,613,1172,1197]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paku" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFDC4FB28FD9A83D4" box="[524,613,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. paku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFDAFFFCFDA3FB29FD5583D4" box="[619,682,1172,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFDA3FB29FD5583D4" bold="true" box="[619,682,1172,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFD70FB28FCAC83D4" baseAuthorityName="Archer" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[696,851,1172,1197]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrabunus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFD70FB28FCAC83D4" box="[696,851,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">O. tetrabunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFCA8FB29FC0683D4" author="ArcHEr" box="[864,1017,1172,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Archer, A. F. (1965) Nuevos argiopidos (aranas) de las Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science, 5, 129 - 133." type="journal article" year="1965">ArcHEr, 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDAFFFCFF0FFB0AFAB982FC" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FFB0AFEB2838D" blockId="7.[151,1437,919,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FFB0AFE9F83A9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1207,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDAFFFCFEA0FB05FE3A83A9" box="[360,453,1208,1232]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFEA0FB05FE3A83A9" box="[360,453,1208,1232]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDAFFFCFE18FB05FDAF83A9" box="[464,592,1208,1232]" country="France" name="Martinique" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFE18FB05FDAF83A9" box="[464,592,1208,1232]" name="Martinique" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">MArtINIqUE</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFD94FB05FD1983A9" box="[604,742,1208,1232]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">PUErtO RIcO</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFD3AFB05FCAF83A9" box="[754,848,1208,1232]" name="Jamaica" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">JAMAIcA</collectingCountry>
, HISpANIOlA,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFC2CFB05FB9B83B6" box="[996,1124,1208,1232]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">St. VINcENt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFBB9FB0AFB4F83A9" box="[1137,1200,1207,1232]" name="Cuba" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">CUbA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFB73FB0AFAD283A9" box="[1211,1325,1207,1232]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">COlOMbIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFAF1FB05FA6683A9" box="[1337,1433,1208,1232]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFF5FFB61FF24838C" box="[151,219,1244,1269]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">BrAZIl</collectingCountry>
AND
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFEDAFB60FEB5838D" box="[274,330,1245,1268]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">PErU</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FFB42FAB982FC" blockId="7.[151,1437,919,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FFB42FEF98261" bold="true" box="[199,262,1279,1304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Note.</emphasis>
PArt Of tHE DIAgNOSIS prOpOSED by
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFD46FABDFC6F8261" author="CODDINgtON" box="[654,912,1279,1304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">CODDINgtON (1986: 52)</bibRefCitation>
bASED ON bODy prOpOrtIONS (fOUrtH lEgS lONgEr tHAN tHE fIrSt IN fEMAlES; AbDOMEN grEAtly OvErbAlANcINg cEpHAlOtHOrAx AND ObScUrINg tHE EyE grOUp) DOES NOt cOrrESpOND WItH SOME SpEcIES. MIllEr
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFDF7FAF4FD888219" box="[575,631,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
(2009: 23) MENtIONED tHAt
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFC6EFAFAFB768219" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1981" box="[934,1161,1351,1376]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaginumai">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFC6EFAFAFB768219" box="[934,1161,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Ogulnius yaginumai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFB58FAFAFACC8219" author="BrIgNOlI" box="[1168,1331,1351,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Brignoli, P. M. (1981) Spiders from the Philippines IV. A new Ogulnius and notes on some other Oriental and Japanese Theridiosomatidae (Araneae). Acta Arachnologica, 30, 9 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 30.9" type="journal article" year="1981">BrIgNOlI, 1981</bibRefCitation>
AND tHEIr NEW SpEcIES
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDAFFFCFEECFAD1FDD282FC" authorityName="Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" box="[292,557,1388,1413]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbandrewsi">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFEECFAD1FDD282FC" box="[292,557,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Ogulnius barbandrewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MIllEr
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFD48FAD0FD4082FC" box="[640,703,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">et al.,</emphasis>
2009 HAD tHE fIrSt AND SEcOND lEgS lONgEr tHAN tHE fOUrtH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

196
data/55/02/87/5502878EFFDBFFFCFF5FFF25FC9F85D1.xml Normal file
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDBFFFDFF5FFF25FE0D87CB" blockId="6.[151,498,152,211]" box="[151,498,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
<heading id="865C81F4FFDBFFFDFF5FFF25FE0D87CB" bold="true" box="[151,498,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFF5FFF25FE0D87CB" bold="true" box="[151,498,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFF5FFF25FEA487CB" ID-CoL="45JCC" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,347,152,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayzana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFF5FFF25FEA487CB" bold="true" box="[151,347,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">Naatlo mayzana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFDBFFFDFEAAFF25FE0D87CB" box="[354,498,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDBFFFDFF5FFF06FF0587AA" box="[151,250,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">FIgS 6–8</figureCitation>
,
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDBFFFDFF5FFEBFFBAD8646" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
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material.
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MAlE
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frOM
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,
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, gENErAl cOllEctINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFF0FFEF7FEB1861A" bold="true" box="[199,334,330,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE WOrD fOr “lOSS Of kNOWlEDgE”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDBFFFDFF0FFE2FFB4C868A" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFF0FFE2FFEBE86D2" bold="true" box="[199,321,402,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFE81FE2FFDFD86D2" box="[329,514,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">Naatlo mayzana</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFDC2FE2FFDB586D2" bold="true" box="[522,586,402,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
DIffErS frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFD2AFE29FCBB86D2" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[738,836,403,427]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauna">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFD2AFE29FCBB86D2" box="[738,836,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">N. fauna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFC9BFE29FC1D86D2" baseAuthorityName="Taczanowski" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[851,994,402,427]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFC9BFE29FC1D86D2" box="[851,994,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">N. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AND
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFBD3FE29FB8486D2" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" box="[1051,1147,402,427]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sutila">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFBD3FE29FB8486D2" box="[1051,1147,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">N. sutila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by ItS DIStINct AbDOMINAl pAttErN (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDBFFFDFF3CFE0AFEBB86B6" box="[244,324,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">FIg. 40</figureCitation>
cOMpArE WItH
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDBFFFDFE24FE0BFD4D86B6" author="WIENSkOSkI" box="[492,690,438,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" refString="Wienskoski, E. (2009) The genus Naatlo (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae): distribution and taxonomic history. Revista Braseliera de Biociencias, Porto Alegre, 8 (2) 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="2009">WIENSkOSkI 2009</bibRefCitation>
: fIgS 1, 4, 5) AND SMAllEr MEDIAN ApOpHySIS WItHOUt NOtcH (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDBFFFDFA80FE0AFA7286B6" box="[1352,1421,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
); frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFF1CFE61FE9E868A" authorityName="Rodrigues &amp; Lise" authorityYear="2008" box="[212,353,476,499]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maturaca">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFF1CFE61FE9E868A" box="[212,353,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">N. maturaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AND
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFE5FFE61FDF1868A" authorityName="Rodrigues &amp; Lise" authorityYear="2008" box="[407,526,476,499]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrana">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFE5FFE61FDF1868A" box="[407,526,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">N. serrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by SHApE Of tHE cyMbIUM WItHOUt DOrSAl prOjEctION (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDBFFFDFBA8FE66FB5A868A" box="[1120,1189,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89D46610FFDBFFFDFF5FF87EFB3480A0" box="[151,1227,1987,2010]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" targetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDBFFFDFF5FF87EFB3480A0" blockId="6.[151,1227,1987,2010]" box="[151,1227,1987,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFF5FF87EFEC580A1" bold="true" box="[151,314,1987,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">FIGURES 6–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDBFFFDFE88F87EFE1980A0" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[320,486,1987,2009]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayzana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFE88F87EFE1980A0" box="[320,486,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">Naatlo mayzana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFE24F879FDC180A1" bold="true" box="[492,574,1987,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFDBFFFDFE24F879FDDA80A0" box="[492,549,1988,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
6.
</emphasis>
Palp, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDBFFFDFCEAF879FCCA80A0" bold="true" box="[802,821,1988,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">7.</emphasis>
Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDAFFFCFF0FFF2AFE5A85FC" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FFF2AFB048519" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FFF2AFDDC87C9" bold="true" box="[199,547,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFEA9FF2AFDE587C9" bold="true" box="[353,538,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDAFFFCFE66FF2AFDEF87C9" box="[430,528,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.4; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.6; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.5, AbDOMEN lENgtH: 0.8; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 0.6; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 0.9. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE yEllOW SlIgHtly SUffUSED WItH grEy ON pArS cEpHAlIcA; pArS cEpHAlIcA SlIgHtly ElEvAtED, pArS tHOrAcIcA SlOpINg grADUAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFBDBFF5DFB948781" box="[1043,1131,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 40</figureCitation>
). ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFDAFFFCFAEFFF5DFABC8781" box="[1319,1347,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE yEllOW; cHElIcErAl tEEtH NOt ObSErvED. StErNUM yEllOW, NOt trUNcAtE, StErNAl pItS lArgE, SEpArAtED by 1.5x tHEIr DIAMEtEr. ENDItES AND lAbIUM yEllOW lIgHtly SUffUSED WItH grAy. EyES: EIgHt, AbOUt EqUAl SIZE, SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION; rOUNDED; AME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, AME-ALE SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, LE tOUcHINg, PLE-PME SlIgHtly SEpArAtED, PME SEpArAtED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFDEBFECDFD8886F1" box="[547,631,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 40</figureCitation>
). AbDOMEN: OvAl, bAckgrOUND cOlOUr lIgHt bEIgE WItH brOWN OvAl MArk MEDIAlly AND brOWN OvAl rINg lAtErAlly; vENtrAlly bEIgE StrONgly SUffUSED WItH grEy MEDIAlly. LEgS: fEMUr AND pAtEllAE DArk yEllOW, tIbIAE, MEtAtArSI AND tArSI OrANgE, Of lEgS I-II A SHADE DArkEr; DIStAl END Of MEtAtArSI I-II AND tArSI I-II WItH SHOrt StrONg SEtAE vENtrAlly (SEE
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDAFFFCFD55FE61FC58868D" author="RODrIgUES" box="[669,935,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" refString="Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Lise, A. A. (2008) Description of two new species of Naatlo (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752008000200017" type="journal article" year="2008">RODrIgUES &amp; LISE 2008</bibRefCitation>
; fIgS 27, 50); tOtAl lENgtH 1.6/1.2/0.6/1.0; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. PAlp: CyMbIUM ScOOp-SHApED, rOUNDED ApIcAlly WItHOUt DOrSAl prOjEctION (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFB6AFDBDFB168561" box="[1186,1257,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
); pArAcyMbIUM plAtE-lIkE, brOADly AttAcHED tO cyMbIUM (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFDB3FD99FD3C8545" box="[635,707,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 8</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr rEDUcED, SEMI-trANSpArENt (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFB5AFD99FB248544" box="[1170,1243,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
); tEgUlUM lArgE; EMbOlUS WIDE, WItH trIANgUlAr ENDINg (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFD81FDF5FD718519" box="[585,654,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 7</figureCitation>
); MEDIAN ApOpHySIS SMAll, WItH prONg ApIcAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDAFFFCFB60FDF5FB128519" box="[1192,1261,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FFDD6FE5A85FC" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,421,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FFDD6FED885FD" bold="true" box="[199,295,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Female:</emphasis>
UNkNOWN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDAFFFCFF0FFD32FC9F85D1" box="[199,864,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDAFFFCFF0FFD32FC9F85D1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,864,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDAFFFCFF0FFD32FE9D85D1" bold="true" box="[199,354,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDAFFFCFEA1FD2DFE3385D1" box="[361,460,656,680]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
: KNOWN ONly frOM tHE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDAFFFCFD06FD2DFD0185D1" box="[718,766,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">typE</typeStatus>
lOcAlIty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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216
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF5FFE66FEDD868A" blockId="3.[151,515,440,499]" box="[151,290,474,499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FF5FFE66FF05868A" box="[151,250,474,499]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. Male habitus." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 1–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FECEFE66FEDD868A" box="[262,290,475,499]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">39</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFF8FF5FFD9FFDA585DE" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF5FFD9FFDA585DE" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFDEFFF8FF5FFD9FFC138526" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572290" collectingDate="2013-12-08" collectionCode="SAN, CASA, HAND" country="Ecuador" location="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF5FFD9FFEB88542" bold="true" box="[151,327,546,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDEFFF8FF5FFD9FFF2D8542" box="[151,210,546,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDEFFF8FE5AFD9FFE0B8542" box="[402,500,546,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">HOlOtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FDF4FD9EFD638542" box="[572,668,547,571]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDEFFF8FD60FD9EFC808542" box="[680,895,547,571]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, PArrOqUIA
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FBC9FD9EFBD48542" box="[1025,1067,547,571]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15310" name="Forest Research Centre" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SAN</collectionCode>
FrANcIScO DE LAS PAMpAS,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FAAEFD9EFA638542" box="[1382,1436,547,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">CASA</collectionCode>
CéSAr TApIA (-00.42415 -78.95719), 1,426M,
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFDEFFF8FD52FDFAFCE28526" box="[666,797,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="2013-12-08">
<date id="A9151058FFDEFFF8FD52FDFAFCE28526" box="[666,797,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="2013-12-08">08.xII.2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FCE1FDFAFCA08526" box="[809,863,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">HAND</collectionCode>
cOllEctED C
</materialsCitation>
. TApIA, C. CAISAgUANO (QCAZ).
<materialsCitation id="6DC33CC5FFDEFFF8FAABFDFBFDA985DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572284" collectingDate="2014-05-24" collectingDateMax="2014-05-30" collectingDateMin="2014-05-24" collectionCode="HAND, QCAZ" country="Ecuador" location="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="COtOpAxI PrOvINcE" typeStatus="paratype">
MAlE
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDEFFF8FF5FFDD6FF0885FA" box="[151,247,619,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="paratype">pArAtypE</typeStatus>
frOM
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDEFFF8FEF6FDD6FDEB85FA" box="[318,532,619,643]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
, OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE,
<collectingDate id="B951E9B0FFDEFFF8FC4CFDD6FBE085FA" box="[900,1055,619,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="2014-05-24" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-24">
<date id="A9151058FFDEFFF8FC4CFDD6FBE085FA" box="[900,1055,619,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="2014-05-24" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-24">24–30.v.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFDEFFF8FBE3FDD6FBAF85FA" box="[1067,1104,619,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FB96FDD6FB6B85FA" box="[1118,1172,619,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">HAND</collectionCode>
cOllEctED,
<specimenCount id="CBADFD11FFDEFFF8FAD9FDD6FAC985FA" box="[1297,1334,619,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, bEAtINg, E. TApIA, C. TApIA, N. DUpérré (
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FE33FD32FDB185DE" box="[507,590,655,679]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">QCAZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFF8FF0FFD0FFAAC85B2" box="[199,1363,690,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FFD0FFAAC85B2" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" box="[199,1363,690,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFD0FFEB185B2" bold="true" box="[199,334,690,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Etymology.</emphasis>
THE SpEcIfIc NAME IS A NOUN IN AppOSItION tAkEN frOM tHE KIcHWA lANgUAgE WOrD fOr “StAr”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFF8FF0FFD6BFF0D844E" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FFD6BFF0D844E" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFD6BFEBE8596" bold="true" box="[199,321,726,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All SpEcIES by tHEIr AbDOMEN bEArINg ONE pAIr Of lAtErAl tUbErclES AND tHE AbSENcE Of MEDIAN tUbErclES; frOM
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FD82FD46FD37846A" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[586,712,763,787]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruana">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FD82FD46FD37846A" box="[586,712,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C. peruana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AND
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FD37FD46FC73846A" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[767,908,763,787]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectorosa">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FD37FD46FC73846A" box="[767,908,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C. pectorosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by tHE lAtErAl tUbErclES bEINg lOWEr AND jOINED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FF57FCA2FF1E844E" box="[159,225,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. Male habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFF8FF0FFCFFFADA8136" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FFCFFFCDC82C6" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFCFFFDDE8422" bold="true" box="[199,545,834,859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Description.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FEA8FCFFFDE78422" bold="true" box="[352,536,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Male (
<typeStatus id="0210883AFFDEFFF8FE64FCFFFDF18422" box="[428,526,834,859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
TOtAl lENgtH: 1.4; cArApAcE lENgtH: 0.64; cArApAcE WIDtH: 0.6; AbDOMEN lENgtH: 0.8; AbDOMEN WIDtH: 1.2; AbDOMEN HEIgHt: 1.0. CEpHAlOtHOrAx: CArApAcE rEDDISH-brOWN SlIgHtly SUffUSED WItH blAck, rEtIcUlAtE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FE92FC36FE5C84DA" box="[346,419,907,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. Male habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FE7AFC36FE2E84DA" box="[434,465,907,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">39</figureCitation>
); cEpHAlIc rEgION NOt HIgHEr tHAN tHOrAcIc rEgION. ClypEUS lOW (
<date id="A9151058FFDEFFF8FB62FC36FB3A84DA" box="[1194,1221,907,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">1x</date>
AME). CHElIcErAE rEDDISH-brOWN; prOMArgIN WItH fOUr lArgE tEEtH, rEtrOMArgIN NOt ObSErvED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FC33FC12FBBD84BE" box="[1019,1090,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 5</figureCitation>
). StErNUM OrANgE-brOWN WItH MArgIN DArkEr, pApIllAtE, cONvEx, trUNcAtED, lAtErAl MArgINS DEEply INcISED (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FC2AFC6EFBD88492" box="[994,1063,979,1003]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 4</figureCitation>
). ENDItES, lAbIUM rEDDISH-brOWN. EyES: EIgHt; AME rOUNDED, LE OvAl AND PME SlIgHtly trIANgUlAr; AME AND PME SUbEqUAl, LE OvAl, SMAllESt; AME SEpArAtED, AME-ALE tOUcHINg, LE cONtIgUOUS, PLE-PME tOUcHINg, PME SEpArAtED by tHEIr rADIUS; ONly AME SUrrOUNDED by blAck pIgMENtAtION (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FDB8FB82FD46832E" box="[624,697,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. Male habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FD00FB82FD17832E" box="[712,744,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">39</figureCitation>
). AbDOMEN: DOrSAlly WItH lArgE SclErOtIZED ScUtUM, rEDDISHbrOWN, WItH DArk brOWN pAttErN; DOrSO-ApIcAlly WHItHIS, WrINklED; cOMplEtEly cOvErED WItH OrANgE pApIllAtE SEtAE bASES (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FF29FB3AFED783E6" box="[225,296,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. Male habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FEFDFB3AFEAB83E6" box="[309,340,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">39</figureCitation>
); vENtrAlly WHItISH, WrINklED WItH OrANgE pApIllAtE SEtAE bASE; ScUtUM AND SpINNErEtS ScUtUM, DArk rEDDISH-brOWN; WIDEr AbOvE tHAN lONg Or HIgH, tApErINg bElOW; DOrSUM WItH ONE pAIr Of lAtErAl jOINED tUbErclES; SUrfAcE pApIllAtED WItH SMAll pAlE SEtAE. LEgS: FEMUr lIgHt brOWN WItH bASAl AND MEDIAN DArk bAND, pAtEllA lIgHt brOWN, tIbIAE DArk OrANgE-brOWN WItH bASAl AND SEMI-ApIcAl DArk bAND, MEtAtArSI lIgHt brOWN WItH DArk ApIcAl bAND, AND tArSI lIgHt brOWN; pAtEllAE AND tIbIAE SINUAtE; tIbIAE, MEtAtArSI, AND tArSI Of lEgS I AND II WItH DIStINctIvE lAtErAl SINglE rOWS Of lONg, StrONg SEtAE (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FDB0FA86FD3B822A" box="[632,708,1339,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. Male habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FD1EFA86FD09822A" box="[726,758,1339,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,228,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 42. Habitus dorsal view. 39. Male, Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 40. Male, Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 41. Male, Ogulnius laranka n. sp. 42. Female, Ogulnius puku n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040079/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">39</figureCitation>
). LEg tOtAl lENgtH 2.0/1.7/1.1/1.4; lEg fOrMUlA 1243. PAlp: CyMbIUM DIStAlly pOINtED; pArAcyMbIUM NArrOW DIStAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FCF5FAE2FC55820E" box="[829,938,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 2, 3</figureCitation>
); cONDUctOr cOvErINg EMbOlUS, WItH tHIck, rEcUrvED, vENtrAl ApOpHySIS (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FE29FA3EFDD882E2" box="[481,551,1411,1435]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 2</figureCitation>
); EMbOlUS ENtIrE, ObSErvED tHrOUgH tHE cONDUctOr (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FBBAFA3EFB4782E2" box="[1138,1208,1411,1435]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 2</figureCitation>
); MEDIAN ApOpHySIS flAt, plAtE-lIkE, WItH SMAll DIrEctED prONg ApIcAlly (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FD18FA1AFCEA82C6" box="[720,789,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1722,1745]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Chthonos kuyllur n. sp. 2. Palp, prolateral view. 3. Palp, retrolateral view. 4. Sternum, ventral view. 5. Chelicerae, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FFA77FE5A829A" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" box="[199,421,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFA77FED8829A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Female:</emphasis>
UNkNOWN.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FFA53FADA8136" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFA53FEC0817E" bold="true" box="[199,319,1518,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Variation.</emphasis>
THE MAlE pArAtypES fOUND At A DIffErENt lOcAlIty (OTONGA BIOlOgIcAl RESErvE) ArE SlIgHtly DIffErENt tHAN tHE HOlOtypE MAlE. THE MAlE pAlp SHOWS SOME rEDUctION IN SIZE AND lESS SclErOtIZAtION Of tHE cONDUctOr vENtrAl ApOpHySIS, A SMAllEr MEDIAN ApOpHySIS, AND SlIgHtly HIgHEr tUbErclES ON tHE AbDOMEN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFF8FF0FF9E7FD6C81C2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FF9E7FD52810A" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" box="[199,685,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FF9E7FE9F810A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FEAFF9E6FE35810A" box="[359,458,1627,1651]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDEFFF8FE1BF9E6FD56810A" box="[467,681,1627,1651]" country="Ecuador" name="Cotopaxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">COtOpAxI PrOvINcE</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FF9C3FD6C81C2" blockId="3.[151,1438,546,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FF9C3FEF981EE" bold="true" box="[199,262,1662,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Note.</emphasis>
THE MAlE EMbOlIc cONfIgUrAtION rESEMblES ONE SpEcIES prESENtED IN
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FBDDF9C2FB2381EE" author="CODDINgtON" box="[1045,1244,1662,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">CODDINgtON 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FB21F9C2FAFF81EE" box="[1257,1280,1663,1687]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">AS</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FAC0F9C3FA6281EE" authority="Sp." authorityName="Sp." box="[1288,1437,1662,1687]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FAC0F9C3FA8B81EE" box="[1288,1396,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Chthonos</emphasis>
Sp.
</taxonomicName>
frOM
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFDEFFF8FF1CF91EFED681C2" box="[212,297,1699,1723]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FF1CF91EFED681C2" box="[212,297,1699,1723]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">MExIcO</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FEFEF91EFD7981C2" author="CODDINgtON" box="[310,646,1698,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">CODDINgtON 1986, fIgS 29–32</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

192
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF5FF8B9FE328067" blockId="3.[151,461,1796,1822]" box="[151,461,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<heading id="865C81F4FFDEFFF8FF5FF8B9FE328067" bold="true" box="[151,461,1796,1822]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FF5FF8B9FE328067" ID-CoL="5WYJ" ID-ENA="1712368" authority="Coddington, 1986" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,461,1796,1822]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF5FF8B9FE328067" bold="true" box="[151,461,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF5FF8B9FF168067" bold="true" box="[151,233,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Naatlo</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FF27F8B9FE328067" author="Coddington" box="[239,461,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">Coddington, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFF8FF5FF8F6FD988019" box="[151,615,1866,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF5FF8F6FD988019" blockId="3.[151,615,1866,1888]" box="[151,615,1866,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FEEEF8F7FD988019" authority="Coddington, 1986" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" box="[294,615,1866,1888]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sutila">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FEEEF8F7FE558019" box="[294,426,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Naatlo sutila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FE78F8F7FD988019" author="Coddington" box="[432,615,1866,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">Coddington, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="95B16513FFDEFFFEFF5FF830FE378005" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF5FF830FC298097" blockId="3.[151,1436,1933,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF5FF830FEEE80DF" bold="true" box="[151,273,1933,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES ArE DIAgNOSED frOM OtHEr
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FD47F833FC9E80DF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1881" box="[655,865,1934,1958]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">THErIDIOSOMAtIDAE</taxonomicName>
gENErA by tHEIr cOMplEx EMbOlIc tIp AND rEDUcED cONDUctOr (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FED3F80FFE7480B3" box="[283,395,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIgS 6, 7</figureCitation>
) AND by tHEIr brOAD pArAcyMbIUM (
<figureCitation id="45902A1DFFDEFFF8FCF3F80FFC7980B3" box="[827,902,1970,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1987,2010]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,568,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,551,1965]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Naatlo mayzana n. sp. 6. Palp, prolateral view. 7. Palp, ventral view. 8. Palp, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIg. 8</figureCitation>
). FEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED by tHEIr bUlgINg EpIgyNUM WItH trANSvErSE grOOvE, WItH AN EpIgyNAl flAp HINgED ANtErIOrly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89D46610FFD9FFFFFF5FF871FD67809B" box="[151,664,1996,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD9FFFFFF5FF871FD67809B" blockId="4.[151,664,1996,2018]" box="[151,664,1996,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD9FFFFFF5FF871FEEC8098" bold="true" box="[151,275,1996,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD9FFFFFED1F871FE37809B" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,456,1996,2018]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuyllur" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD9FFFFFED1F871FE37809B" box="[281,456,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Chthonos kuyllur</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD9FFFFFE06F871FDF88098" box="[462,519,1996,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD9FFFFFE06F871FDF88098" bold="true" box="[462,519,1996,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Male habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89D46610FFD8FFFEFF5FF907FE648196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040061/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" targetBox="[158,1424,210,1684]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD8FFFEFF5FF907FE648196" blockId="5.[151,1435,1722,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFF5FF907FEC081A9" bold="true" box="[151,319,1722,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">FIGURES 2–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFE82F906FE0181A8" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[330,510,1723,1745]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuyllur" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFE82F906FE0181A8" box="[330,510,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">Chthonos kuyllur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFDC0F906FD9B81A9" bold="true" box="[520,612,1723,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD8FFFEFDC0F906FDB981A9" box="[520,582,1723,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
2.
</emphasis>
Palp, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFC93F906FC9181A9" bold="true" box="[859,878,1723,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">3.</emphasis>
Palp, retrolateral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFBBAF906FB7A81A9" bold="true" box="[1138,1157,1723,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">4.</emphasis>
Sternum, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFA41F906FA6481A9" bold="true" box="[1417,1435,1723,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">5.</emphasis>
Chelicerae, anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD143698FFD8FFFEFF0FF8A1FE378005" blockId="5.[151,1437,1820,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFF0FF8A1FE0B804C" bold="true" box="[199,500,1820,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">Composition in America.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFE33F8A1FD70804D" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[507,655,1820,1845]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauna">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFE33F8A1FD70804D" box="[507,655,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">Naatlo fauna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD8FFFEFD55F8A1FCCC804D" author="SIMON" box="[669,819,1820,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Etudes arachnologiques. 27 e Memoire. XLII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 65, 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1897">SIMON, 1897</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFC8FF8A0FC2C804D" authorityName="Rodrigues &amp; Lise" authorityYear="2008" box="[839,979,1821,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maturaca">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFC8FF8A0FC2C804D" box="[839,979,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">N. maturaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD8FFFEFC14F8A1FB12804D" author="RODrIgUES" box="[988,1261,1820,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" refString="Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Lise, A. A. (2008) Description of two new species of Naatlo (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752008000200017" type="journal article" year="2008">RODrIgUES &amp; LISE, 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFB31F8A0FA81804D" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[1273,1406,1821,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayzana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFB31F8A0FA81804D" box="[1273,1406,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">N. mayzana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EC57F1FFD8FFFEFA4DF8A1FF47802E" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFA4DF8A1FF47802E" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFF04F8FCFEB68021" authorityName="Rodrigues &amp; Lise" authorityYear="2008" box="[204,329,1857,1880]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrana">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFF04F8FCFEB68021" box="[204,329,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">N. serrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD8FFFEFE9EF8FDFD878021" author="RODrIgUES" box="[342,632,1856,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" refString="Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Lise, A. A. (2008) Description of two new species of Naatlo (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752008000200017" type="journal article" year="2008">RODrIgUES &amp; LISE, 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFD41F8FCFCE38020" baseAuthorityName="Taczanowski" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[649,796,1856,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFD41F8FCFCE38020" box="[649,796,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">N. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD8FFFEFCE7F8FDFBEB8021" author="TAcZANOWSkI" box="[815,1044,1856,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" refString="Taczanowski, L. (1879) Les araneides du Perou central (suite). Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 15, 102 - 136." type="journal article" year="1879">TAcZANOWSkI, 1879</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFBE5F8FCFB6D8020" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" box="[1069,1170,1856,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sutila">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFBE5F8FCFB6D8020" box="[1069,1170,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">N. sutila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD8FFFEFB56F8FDFA8E8020" author="CODDINgtON" box="[1182,1393,1856,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">CODDINgtON, 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFD8FFFEFA4AF8FCFF048004" baseAuthorityName="Hingston" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Naatlo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvicola">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFA4AF8FCFF048004" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">N. sylvicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFD8FFFEFEC0F8D9FE448005" author="HINgStON" box="[264,443,1892,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" refString="Hingston, R. W. G. (1932) A naturalist in the Guiana forest. E. Arnold publisher, London, 384 pp." type="book" year="1932">HINgStON, 1932</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFD8FFFEFF0FF835FE1580BC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1820,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFD8FFFEFF0FF835FE9F80D8" bold="true" box="[199,352,1928,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFEA6F835FE0C80D8" box="[366,499,1928,1953]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD8FFFEFEA6F835FE5180D9" box="[366,430,1928,1952]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">COStA</collectingRegion>
RIcA
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD8FFFEFDCDF834FD9D80D8" box="[517,610,1929,1953]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFDCDF834FD9D80D8" box="[517,610,1929,1953]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFDBBF834FC9180D8" box="[627,878,1928,1953]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
TrINIDAD AND
<collectingRegion id="1F6FF87AFFD8FFFEFCDFF835FC9180D8" box="[791,878,1928,1953]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">TObAgO</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFC48F835FC1080D9" box="[896,1007,1928,1952]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">SUrINAME</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFBC8F835FBA480D9" box="[1024,1115,1928,1952]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">GUyANA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFBA5F835FB2080D8" box="[1133,1247,1928,1953]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">COlOMbIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFB39F835FAAE80D9" box="[1265,1361,1928,1952]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFAAAF834FA6680D9" box="[1378,1433,1929,1952]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">PErU</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFF5FF811FF1280BC" box="[151,237,1964,1989]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">BOlIvIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFF3FF811FEC480BC" box="[247,315,1964,1989]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">BrAZIl</collectingCountry>
AND
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFD8FFFEFEBAF810FE1980BC" box="[370,486,1965,1989]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">ArgENtINA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

135
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<mods:title id="50CD597C4353AB3BE66C9ED4B784B6AD">On some minuscule spiders (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae, Symphytognathidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador with the description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDFFFF9FF5FF8EAFE0E8008" blockId="2.[151,497,1879,1905]" box="[151,497,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
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<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDFFFF9FF5FF8EAFE0E8008" ID-CoL="3PNH" authority="Coddington, 1986" authorityName="CODDINgtON" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,497,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDFFFF9FF5FF8EAFE0E8008" bold="true" box="[151,497,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDFFFF9FF5FF8EAFEF38008" bold="true" box="[151,268,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Chthonos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDFFFF9FEDBF8EAFE0E8008" author="Coddington" box="[275,497,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 422, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.422" type="journal article" year="1986">Coddington, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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species:
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDFFFF9FEEEF820FE0F80CA" box="[294,496,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Chthonos pectorosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDFFFF9FE37F820FCDB80CA" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[511,804,1949,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1882) On new genera and species of Araneidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1882, 423 - 442." type="proceedings paper" year="1882">O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF5FFF2AFEEE87C9" bold="true" box="[151,273,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
MAlES
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fEMAlES ArE DIStINgUISHED frOM All OtHEr
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FC90FF25FBD587C9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1881" box="[856,1066,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">THErIDIOSOMAtIDAE</taxonomicName>
gENErA by tHE prESENcE Of lAtErAl rOWS Of StrONg MAcrOSEtAE ON tHE fIrSt
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SEcOND tIbIAE, MEtAtArSI
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)
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FB9FFF01FB7F87AD" box="[1111,1152,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">AND</collectionCode>
tHE fIrSt
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FB20FF01FAEE87AD" box="[1256,1297,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">AND</collectionCode>
SEcOND lEgS SOMEWHAt cUrvED.
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<paragraph id="DD143698FFDEFFF8FF0FFEB9FCEC861D" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFEB9FE098664" bold="true" box="[199,502,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Composition in America.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FE36FEB9FD3E8664" authority="Dupérré &amp; Tapia, 2017" authorityName="Dupérré &amp; Tapia" authorityYear="2017" box="[510,705,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuyllur" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FE36FEB9FD3E8664" box="[510,705,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Chthonos kuyllur</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FD02FEB9FCFB8664" bold="true" box="[714,772,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">n. sp</emphasis>
.
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FCD3FEB8FC558665" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[795,938,261,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectorosa">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FCD3FEB8FC558665" box="[795,938,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C. pectorosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FC74FEB9FAF88665" author="PIckArD-CAMbrIDgE" box="[956,1287,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1882) On new genera and species of Araneidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1882, 423 - 442." type="proceedings paper" year="1882">O. PIckArD-CAMbrIDgE, 1882</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FAD4FEB8FA638665" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1308,1436,261,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruana">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FAD4FEB8FA638665" box="[1308,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C. peruana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FF55FE9AFE9A8639" author="KEySErlINg" box="[157,357,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Keyserling, E. (1886) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Theridiidae, Nurnberg, 2, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1886">KEySErlINg, 1886</bibRefCitation>
),
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<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FEB0FE95FD938639" box="[376,620,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C. quinquemucronata</emphasis>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FDB1FE95FCF18639" author="SIMON" box="[633,782,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Etudes arachnologiques. 25 e Memoire. XL. Descriptions d'especes et de genres nouveaux de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 62, 299 - 330." type="journal article" year="1893">
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, 1893
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),
<taxonomicName id="1AAB4D1BFFDEFFF8FCEAFE95FC5B8639" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[802,932,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FCEAFE95FC5B8639" box="[802,932,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C. tuberosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93A4B69FFDEFFF8FC79FE9AFB858639" author="KEySErlINg" box="[945,1146,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refString="Keyserling, E. (1886) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Theridiidae, Nurnberg, 2, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1886">KEySErlINg, 1886</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="EFDFEA8AFFDEFFF8FF0FFEF1FE13861C" bold="true" box="[199,492,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Distribution in America.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FE3BFEF1FDAC861D" box="[499,595,332,356]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">EcUADOr</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FD95FEF1FD5E861C" box="[605,673,332,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">BrAZIl</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="BBBAAE5DFFDEFFF8FD61FEF1FD2E861D" box="[681,721,332,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">AND</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="A5BC7608FFDEFFF8FD10FEF0FCF0861D" box="[728,783,333,356]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">PErU</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1184-91" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8C459E18B49656B3AB4878B57AE30548" ID-ZooBank="65B800A67D9042B4B6D4055F3C131938" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1184-91" checkinTime="1700073982082" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Luo, Bin, Lu, Feng, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng &amp; Wang, Lu-Yu" docDate="2023" docId="55034C19C9D8564AA795A11DC7AF9B15" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1184: 91-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1184" docPubDate="2023-11-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931" docTitle="Baiyuerius globasus Luo &amp; Lu &amp; Zhang &amp; Wang 2023, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="8C459E18B49656B3AB4878B57AE30548" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="8C459E18B49656B3AB4878B57AE30548" masterDocTitle="A further study on the spider genus Baiyuerius Zhao, Li &amp; Li, 2023, from China (Agelenidae, Coelotinae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1700073982082" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="5E432A88F03EFA899EB9F2B9133D87AA">A further study on the spider genus Baiyuerius Zhao, Li &amp; Li, 2023, from China (Agelenidae, Coelotinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7462CAFC457CA54B903AD6857E2F2475">Luo, Bin</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="40ABDADBA092D764D7D827CCA2BC0EE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName id="CC067FB1AEE8F28C51C8EDBAA4CF3B7B" LSID="55034C19-C9D8-564A-A795-A11DC7AF9B15" authority="(Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996)" authorityName="Luo &amp; Lu &amp; Zhang &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Wang, Peng &amp; Kim" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Baiyuerius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baiyuerius globasus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globasus" status="comb. nov.">Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="71BC37DC6ACB96DA2CBF91E0FC13C7CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="95F952F51334FE990AAD5FA6970951A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<figureCitation id="D9E12AB35587DAC15F414D7D3CAFA02A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F4DA90736D6BD5BD566B01E9939D113F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution records of Baiyuerius species. 1 = B. acroprocessus (Zhang, Zhu &amp; Wang, 2017) comb. nov.; 2 = B. daxi Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 3 = B. globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996) comb. nov.; 4 = B. pindong Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 5 = B. rugosus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996) comb. nov.; 6 = B. shenzhen sp. nov.; 7 = B. tamdao Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 8. B. yuelu sp. nov.; 9 = B. zhuping Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 10 = B. zuojiang Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023 in China (blue circles indicate the distribution of species presented by Zhao et al. (2023))." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937313" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">, 7 (球百越蛛)</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CBA6ED44462134E888A18287DB31C133" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="797774B9D8BB8350B39DA838DBA9B991" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName id="6CA3529E35FF670FFBA538E6F9960649" authorityName="Luo &amp; Lu &amp; Zhang &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Coras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coras globasus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globasus" status="comb. nov.">Coras globasus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B091FED8A97BD0CEF25269BE7BA49792" author="Wang, JF" journalOrPublisher="Korean Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="77 - 81" refId="B12" refString="Wang, JF, Peng, XJ, Kim, JP, 1996. Two new species of the genus Coras (Araneae, Agelenidae) from China. Korean Arachnology 12 (2): 77 - 81" title="Two new species of the genus Coras (Araneae, Agelenidae) from China." volume="12" year="1996">Wang et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 77, figs 1-3 (♀);
<bibRefCitation id="03B62348D98CB346468A744D4511D110" author="Song, DX" journalOrPublisher="Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" refId="B9" refString="Song, DX, Zhu, MS, Chen, J, 1999. The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang" title="The spiders of China." year="1999">Song et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 388, fig. 229C, D (♀);
<bibRefCitation id="47D444DF91D383D98F07234B3D178F7A" author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" refId="B14" refString="Yin, CM, Peng, XJ, Yan, HM, Bao, YH, Xu, X, Tang, G, Zhou, QS, Liu, P, 2012. Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha" title="Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China." year="2012">Yin et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 998, fig. 512a, b (♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="045C5004D3B980F50BADB3ECE03A204A" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName id="B89D50F6F8C779E9B412AF814B79C76A" authorityName="Luo &amp; Lu &amp; Zhang &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Luo &amp; Lu &amp; Zhang &amp; Wang" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Coelotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelotes globasus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globasus" status="comb. nov.">Coelotes globasus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="5C9B42B3CB4584B5F356E3D45274C2FE" author="Wang, XP" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana Biologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="23 - 49" refId="B10" refString="Wang, XP, Jaeger, P, 2007. A revision of some spiders of the subfamily Coelotinae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1898 from China: Transfers, synonymies, and new species (Arachnida, Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 87: 23 - 49" title="A revision of some spiders of the subfamily Coelotinae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1898 from China: Transfers, synonymies, and new species (Arachnida, Araneae, Amaurobiidae)." volume="87" year="2007">
Wang and
<normalizedToken id="27AE1E068590E5EDF9DEE481AD7820D2" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
: 28, figs 16-18;
<bibRefCitation id="3329DEBEBAF9885221FC1B30C0B4D570" author="Zhu, MS" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" refId="B16" refString="Zhu, MS, Wang, XP, Zhang, ZS, 2017. Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 59: Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae and Amaurobiidae. Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 59: Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae and Amaurobiidae." year="2017">Zhu et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 164, fig. 73A, B (♀).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1E04E55E99C1C83F96663E97AB32FD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="12ED5A7981A3F5BE58C1F30A24518042" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="666535BAAF3E0730617A4B97737DCCE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<materialsCitation id="A794FBA77472F218808EB1DD72A006A7" collectingDate="1984-10-17" collectorName="J. F. Wang" country="China" location="Zhangjiajie" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hunan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="CDBEA68018C41063549400D37EB47227" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="3DEE43FEC718347A420942E73599361D">holotype</typeStatus>
, HNU):
<collectingCountry id="4A5005EDE56BA929E0FDDA23574D19E1" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="9CC25E22F589D9ECE77C9E4D39042A9B" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="BEFECF030024F5F622C4FA4A1630CD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55034C19C9D8564AA795A11DC7AF9B15:BEFECF030024F5F622C4FA4A1630CD3D" country="China" name="Zhangjiajie" stateProvince="Hunan Province">Zhangjiajie</location>
,
<collectingDate id="F9865F75D42F5EBF55ABDCCB2E40F5C4" value="1984-10-17">17 October 1984</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="4761831C096650F8899C0061DDFF7EA6">J.F. Wang</collectorName>
leg.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20574FA2E8FC90F747CA566EBA7A7AA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="075732F821CE677DB12A30BD158E0BDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABCCAC9C489E0942AD16D0677181F7C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Female resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="70FC4359C4370E0F661164E8D2A24D4E" lsidName="B. zuojiang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="zuojiang">
<emphasis id="7AC0B5FD0DF1B795A2F26EF638684CCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. zuojiang</emphasis>
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Zhao, Li &amp; Li, 2023 in having the similarly round spermathecae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C36B0244ADC5B167A80C2C17ACEDE74D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">2</figureCitation>
;
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: fig. 7A-C), but can be distinguished from the latter by the following: atrium somewhat rectangular in
<taxonomicName id="B3D035EBF46C2F5FEEC3C0F34D135D8F" lsidName="B. globasus" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="globasus">
<emphasis id="27F6A82779BBA5450BD3245B4D357008" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. globasus</emphasis>
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comb. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5A82B4126890EBD3A400E3EC41535B14" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">2A</figureCitation>
) vs glasses-shaped in
<taxonomicName id="C07E5FD72E3296DF7CAE866096CCD56F" lsidName="B. zuojiang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="zuojiang">
<emphasis id="89869B42E574B604AF8C62899F5271B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. zuojiang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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: fig. 7A); epigyne with conspicuous epigynal teeth in
<taxonomicName id="FB02383CABD26A3ECBCA51C9BDD988C9" lsidName="B. globasus" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="globasus">
<emphasis id="91E24C39C86DC35D412A7E836B32B350" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. globasus</emphasis>
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comb. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A24FB63E5F7465924C32851297EE0027" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">2A</figureCitation>
) vs epigynal teeth absent in
<taxonomicName id="3C97E5672CEC321D00F2E45452CBCE86" lsidName="B. zuojiang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="zuojiang">
<emphasis id="4579B603F9D4345F3310D025C071E483" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. zuojiang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5CA9C2F10AE0B75258ADE66126CB06A5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" author="Zhao, Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="43 - 60" refId="B15" refString="Zhao, Z, Li, B, Zhang, X, Ballarin, F, Pham, D-S, Li, S, 2023. Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from China and Vietnam. ZooKeys 1165: 43 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" title="Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from China and Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" volume="1165" year="2023">Zhao et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7A); copulatory opening present mid-ventrally in the atrium in
<taxonomicName id="E9C79DA8297C0C6E95BB98C2480AFAB6" lsidName="B. globasus" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="globasus">
<emphasis id="03128109E3A089149905D5D5A6D66D0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. globasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B991D0C0A4E538AC1AB8D4FFA83C3BA5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">2B</figureCitation>
) vs present in the anterio-lateral margin of the atrium in
<taxonomicName id="9422AD3B2B689047360992077243B3A5" lsidName="B. zuojiang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="zuojiang">
<emphasis id="A772B46ED26842D3A1F46F02F87CA3BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. zuojiang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="03A323E12D20A7E9E01B916F47073E39" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" author="Zhao, Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="43 - 60" refId="B15" refString="Zhao, Z, Li, B, Zhang, X, Ballarin, F, Pham, D-S, Li, S, 2023. Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from China and Vietnam. ZooKeys 1165: 43 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" title="Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from China and Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" volume="1165" year="2023">Zhao et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7A); copulatory ducts strongly curved; anterior end touches each other in
<taxonomicName id="357672F7330E6EE3D33299E3C0C6602D" lsidName="B. globasus" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="globasus">
<emphasis id="CE9A2C1705EC9FB03E42BDF98793ECE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. globasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5DB78DB59A07F3C9D197F79F74546B30" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">2B</figureCitation>
) vs arc-shaped, anterior end present laterally apart away from each other in
<taxonomicName id="07FF6AAF57CEAF1D6DCD038A2582DEA5" lsidName="B. zuojiang" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="zuojiang">
<emphasis id="68CF06150423E80512711CE0240E2D7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B. zuojiang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0A59C711B4175EAF07B1A8694E51F023" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" author="Zhao, Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="43 - 60" refId="B15" refString="Zhao, Z, Li, B, Zhang, X, Ballarin, F, Pham, D-S, Li, S, 2023. Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from China and Vietnam. ZooKeys 1165: 43 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" title="Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from China and Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101946" volume="1165" year="2023">Zhao et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7B).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1954097919E5EFE5958F27AE6C89F708" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="EBE37F6DACCFF461CC3FEAE996021B40" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="6BEEC46857DB53669740E8CEC1F4F91D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92CA8F871A108C2331BB136E6490A3E8" authorityName="Luo &amp; Lu &amp; Zhang &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Wang, Peng &amp; Kim" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Baiyuerius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baiyuerius globasus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globasus">
<emphasis id="65BE71E10A037782C9E6D89C791B2E29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Baiyuerius globasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype
<emphasis id="E615BBF083CE2DEBC53645F461931284" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view
<emphasis id="9E2223292CDD2DF2B897740EE65B00AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3548D7F03D963712B87298A513EC8917" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph id="056C95F7D5625DCD6EC9BEE2B958DD61" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Description (partial).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46075E986816E4298B407D61478B33CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Epigyne (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7ADA9ECD75DFBB391B166081E3A6FE6C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Baiyuerius globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996), comb. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view (dash-line indicating the outline of fertilization ducts). Abbreviations: A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; PES = posterior epigynal sclerite; S = spermatheca; SE = swell of epigyne." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937308" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">2A, B</figureCitation>
): atrium somewhat rectangular; epigynal hoods present laterally; epigynal teeth distinct; copulatory opening located mid-centrally; copulatory ducts originating centrally, extending anteriorly, then curved inward, anterior ends touches each other; spermathecae fist-shaped; fertilization ducts transparent. Habitus as shown by
<bibRefCitation id="17F4DCD8FDFBA3EB7773433F5AD640C9" author="Wang, JF" journalOrPublisher="Korean Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="77 - 81" refId="B12" refString="Wang, JF, Peng, XJ, Kim, JP, 1996. Two new species of the genus Coras (Araneae, Agelenidae) from China. Korean Arachnology 12 (2): 77 - 81" title="Two new species of the genus Coras (Araneae, Agelenidae) from China." volume="12" year="1996">Wang et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8495338E13AE66A1ABCD022D24362A7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Male unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78EFE697B92A405BEC5C0D67DD92F7E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8CC7C8012854F38EF2EE5FA2B8231DC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF77FCF3FDA4E1DCDE9249A01A8AEF89" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
China (Hunan) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2BD6EC784D87334180DF52B755A443BE" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution records of Baiyuerius species. 1 = B. acroprocessus (Zhang, Zhu &amp; Wang, 2017) comb. nov.; 2 = B. daxi Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 3 = B. globasus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996) comb. nov.; 4 = B. pindong Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 5 = B. rugosus (Wang, Peng &amp; Kim, 1996) comb. nov.; 6 = B. shenzhen sp. nov.; 7 = B. tamdao Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 8. B. yuelu sp. nov.; 9 = B. zhuping Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023; 10 = B. zuojiang Zhao, B. Li &amp; S. Li, 2023 in China (blue circles indicate the distribution of species presented by Zhao et al. (2023))." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1184.107931.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/937313" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

230
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<mods:title>Kelawakaju gen. nov., a new Asian lineage of marpissine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Marpissina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, Wayne P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Cie ̂ ncias Biolo ́ gicas, Universidade Federal do Para ́, Rua Augusto Corre ̂ a, 01, CEP 66075 - 110, Bele ́ m, PA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Ng, Paul Y. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Vishnudas, Ettukandathil Haridas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil V.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/C1730DAC-227A-4384-B25D-CBDD46B37E76" authority="Maddison &amp; Ruiz" authorityName="Maddison &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2022" family="Salticidae" genus="Kelawakaju" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kelawakaju mulu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="mulu" status="sp. nov.">Kelawakaju mulu Maddison &amp; Ruiz</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="79">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 9. Chelicerae of Kelawakaju species 2 - 4 oblique view with carapace 5 - 9 ventral view 2 K. mulu male holotype 3 K. intexta male holotype 4 K. frenata male from Guangxi 5 K. mulu male holotype 6 K. intexta male holotype 7 K. singapura male holotype 8 K. frenata male from Guangxi 9 K. frenata female from Guangxi. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures2-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771007" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 9. Chelicerae of Kelawakaju species 2 - 4 oblique view with carapace 5 - 9 ventral view 2 K. mulu male holotype 3 K. intexta male holotype 4 K. frenata male from Guangxi 5 K. mulu male holotype 6 K. intexta male holotype 7 K. singapura male holotype 8 K. frenata male from Guangxi 9 K. frenata female from Guangxi. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures2-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771007" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Carapaces of Kelawakaju males 10 K. mulu holotype 11 K. intexta holotype 12 K. singapura holotype 13 K. frenata from Guangxi, Dongxing 14 K. leucomelas holotype 15 K. sahyadri holotype. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771008" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–22" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 22. Kelawakaju mulu species group, genitalia 16 - 20 K. mulu 16 holotype male palp, ventral 17 same, retrolateral 18 paratype female SWK 12 - 2639 epigyne, ventral 19 same, vulva, dorsal 20 same, ventral 21, 22 K. intexta holotype male palp 21 retrolateral 22 ventral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures16-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771009" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 16-20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 23 - 28. Kelawakaju mulu 23 - 25 holotype male SWK 12 - 2610 26 - 28 paratype female SWK 12 - 2639. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures23-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771010" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 23-28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Holotype</emphasis>
: male (SWK12-2610) in UBCZ from Malaysia: Sarawak: Mulu Nat. Pk., Summit Trail near Camp 1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0486" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0486">4.0486°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="114.8610" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="114.861">114.8610°E</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0483" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0483">4.0483°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="114.8614" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="114.8614">114.8614°E</geoCoordinate>
, 270 m elev., 21 March 2012, Maddison/Piascik/Ang WPM#12-072.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Paratype</emphasis>
: female (SWK12-2639) in UBCZ from Malaysia: Sarawak: Mulu Nat. Pk., Summit Trail near Camp 1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0480" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.048">4.0480°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="114.8626" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="114.8626">114.8626°E</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0478" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0478">4.0478°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="114.8630" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="114.863">114.8630°E</geoCoordinate>
, 290-320 m elev., 22 March 2012, Piascik/Ang/Andyson WPM#12-077.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">From the name of the type locality (a noun in apposition).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
Dark with only a dusting of golden scales, unlike the similar but more thoroughly scale-covered
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. intexta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intexta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. intexta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 23 - 28. Kelawakaju mulu 23 - 25 holotype male SWK 12 - 2610 26 - 28 paratype female SWK 12 - 2639. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures23-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771010" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">23-28</figureCitation>
vs. 29-34). Embolus shorter than that of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. intexta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intexta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. intexta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, arising at 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–22" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 22. Kelawakaju mulu species group, genitalia 16 - 20 K. mulu 16 holotype male palp, ventral 17 same, retrolateral 18 paratype female SWK 12 - 2639 epigyne, ventral 19 same, vulva, dorsal 20 same, ventral 21, 22 K. intexta holotype male palp 21 retrolateral 22 ventral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures16-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771009" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">16</figureCitation>
vs. 22).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures2-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771007" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figures 2–9" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figures 2-9.</emphasis>
Chelicerae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maddison &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2022" family="Salticidae" genus="Kelawakaju" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kelawakaju" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Kelawakaju</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">2-4</emphasis>
oblique view with carapace
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">5-9</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">2</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. mulu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. mulu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. intexta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intexta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. intexta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">4</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. frenata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. frenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male from Guangxi
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. mulu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. mulu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. intexta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intexta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. intexta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. singapura" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singapura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. singapura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. frenata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. frenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male from Guangxi
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">9</emphasis>
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female from Guangxi. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Male</emphasis>
(based on holotype). Carapace length 2.85; abdomen length 3.05.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Carapace</emphasis>
dark brown, with white scales around cephalic region, between AME and sparse on thoracic region.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Clypeus</emphasis>
very narrow.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Chelicera</emphasis>
dark brown, elongate and projected, with a line of white scales on the prolateral face. Retromarginal tooth with two cusps, the more lateral long and curved (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 9. Chelicerae of Kelawakaju species 2 - 4 oblique view with carapace 5 - 9 ventral view 2 K. mulu male holotype 3 K. intexta male holotype 4 K. frenata male from Guangxi 5 K. mulu male holotype 6 K. intexta male holotype 7 K. singapura male holotype 8 K. frenata male from Guangxi 9 K. frenata female from Guangxi. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures2-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771007" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">5</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Palp</emphasis>
with elongate RTA. Embolus narrow and curved, but short, arising distally on the tegulum. Endite subrectangular, with no projection, dark brown. Labium dark brown and sternum light brown, with depressions along coxae I.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Leg</emphasis>
I light brown, with mid patella, mid tibia, proximal area of metatarsus and entire tarsus yellow. Legs II-IV yellow. Length of femur I 2.10, II 1.70, III 1.40, IV 1.65; patella + tibia I 3.10, II 2.40, III 1.65, IV 2.35; metatarsus + tarsus I 1.85, II 1.75, III 1.50, IV 1.70. Leg spination reduced: femur I d0, p0-0-1-0 (or p0-0-2-0), II d1-1-0, p0-0-1-0, III 0, IV d1-1-0, r0-0-1-0; patella I-IV 0; tibia I v2-2-2 (asymmetrical), II v1r-1r-1p, III-IV 0; metatarsus I-II v2-2, III 0, IV v0-0-1p.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
dorsally dark brown, with two transverse wide light stripes, and a third over anal tubercle; ventrally gray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Female</emphasis>
(based on paratype SWK 12-2639). Carapace length 2.7; abdomen length 3.55. Color as in male, except when mentioned.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Chelicera</emphasis>
light brown. Retromarginal tooth with two cusps, the distal one almost twice the size of the other, both acute.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Legs</emphasis>
II-IV with narrow stripes of white scales. Length of femur I 1.90, II 1.50, III 1.45, IV 1.85; patella + tibia I 2.60, II 1.90, III 1.75, IV 2.60; metatarsus + tarsus I 1.40, II 1.30, III 1.60, IV 1.90. Leg spines as in male, except for femur III, as in II.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
as in male, except for stripes, medially interrupted; ventrally white, with two longitudinal dark brown stripes extending from booklungs to spinnerets.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Epigyne</emphasis>
with a pair of small copulatory openings distant from the posterior border, which has a medial excavation; internally, copulatory ducts fuse with glandular portions, spiral backwards and enter the large spermathecae, from which fertilization ducts emerge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Both specimens were collected on tree trunks on a forested slope.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

60
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Genus
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This genus is almost exclusively Neotropical (approximately 60 species in the Neotropics), having 7 species occurring in
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<figureCitation id="4591C1931411FFB08D8C4DEDEA1085D5" box="[151,304,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figures 9–12</figureCitation>
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Forewing length 2.1 mm. Coloration of the body (in alcohol) dark grayish brown. Abdominal sternum VII with a spine. Segment VIII annular, becoming narrower towards the venter, where it is reduced to a thin medial strip (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931411FFB08C234A42EAA382AE" box="[312,387,1141,1167]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Sternum IX lengthened, produced, and lightly truncated anteriorly. Tergum IX short, rounded posteriorly, with a lobe that situates above the phallus; apex deeply cleft mesally (the cleft is narrow posteriorly and rounded at the base) (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931411FFB08F554AF5E9EE82FD" box="[590,718,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
). Lateral appendages quadrangular, with the apex concave in lateral view. Cerci short and rounded. Dorsal appendages resembling curved, long spines, shorter than the dorsal lobe of segment IX. Phallus long, reaching segment II; with a pair of robust, strongly pigmented, apical spines; central tubule dark up to half its length (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931411FFB08FDD4B01E83E8371" box="[710,798,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1411FFB08DDE4B6AEF6D808E" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161411FFB08DDE4B6AEFB98033" blockId="3.[151,1437,1063,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08DDE4B6AEA658356" bold="true" box="[197,325,1373,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Based on the structure of the male genitalia this species seems to be more closely related to a group of species from Central
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861411FFB08F124BB3E95383BF" box="[521,627,1412,1438]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">America</collectingCountry>
, than with the species known regionally, especially with
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB0883E4BB3EA0583E5" authority="Flint 1968" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Metrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB0883E4BB3EEBB83BC" box="[1317,1435,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">M. similis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71411FFB08D844B9DEA3D83E5" author="Flint" box="[159,285,1450,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1968) Bredin - Archbold - Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica. 9. The Trichoptera (caddisflies) of the Lesser Antilles. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 125, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Flint 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861411FFB08C744B9DEAC783E5" box="[367,487,1450,1476]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, whose males are characterized by having the segment X sclerotized and with a V-shaped cleft at the apex (absent in other known species of the genus); segment IX oval anteriorly, and lateral appendages, that are longer than the dorsal lobe, with a deep V-shaped cleft at the apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161411FFB08DDE4816EF6D808E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1063,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
This is the 2nd species of
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB08F1B4816E95A801B" box="[512,634,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Metrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08F1B4816E95A801B" box="[512,634,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Metrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from Salto Encantado Provincial Park. Previously
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB088604816EAF48043" authority="Angrisano 2005" authorityName="Angrisano" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Metrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniapiru">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB088604816EA2B8040" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">M. cuniapiru</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71411FFB08C0F487FEAF48043" author="Angrisano" box="[276,468,1608,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Angrisano, E. B. &amp; Sganga, J. V. (2005) Contribution to the knowledge of Metrichia Ross from Argentina (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Ochrotrichiini). Aquatic Insects, 27, 113 - 123." type="journal article" year="2005">Angrisano 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71411FFB08F1D487FE8698043" author="Angrisano" box="[518,841,1608,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Angrisano, E. B. &amp; Sganga, J. V. (2005) Contribution to the knowledge of Metrichia Ross from Argentina (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Ochrotrichiini). Aquatic Insects, 27, 113 - 123." type="journal article" year="2005">Angrisano &amp; Sganga 2005</bibRefCitation>
) was described. The latter differentiates from the new one by: tergum X membranous, lateral appendages wide, short, and relatively truncated at the apex, segment IX oval anteriorly, phallus without dark, conspicuous spines at the apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1411FFB08DDE488BEA90816B" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161411FFB08DDE488BEA6780DD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1063,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08DDE488BEAA780F7" bold="true" box="[197,391,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="021163B41411FFB08DDE488BEA1A80F7" box="[197,314,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861411FFB08C8B488BE92D80F7" box="[400,525,1724,1750]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Departamento de
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB08E74488BE8C280F7" box="[879,994,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainguas" status="sp. nov.">Cainguás</taxonomicName>
, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61411FFB08D8C48D5EA6380DD" box="[151,323,1762,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="2004-10-24" valueMax="2004-10-30" valueMin="2004-10-24">24–30.x. 2004</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161411FFB08DDE493EEA90816B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1063,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08DDE493EEA738102" bold="true" box="[197,339,1801,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="021163B41411FFB08DDE493EEA6E8102" box="[197,334,1801,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861411FFB08C47493EEAFF8102" box="[348,479,1801,1827]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Departamento de
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB08E4F493EE8EC8102" box="[852,972,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainguas" status="sp. nov.">Cainguás</taxonomicName>
, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61411FFB08D8C4907EA63816B" box="[151,323,1840,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="2004-10-24" valueMax="2004-10-30" valueMin="2004-10-24">24–30.x. 2004</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CBAC169F1411FFB08C554907EA8C816B" box="[334,428,1840,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1411FFB08DDE4961EE338150" box="[197,1299,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161411FFB08DDE4961EE338150" blockId="3.[151,1437,1063,1905]" box="[197,1299,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08DDE4961EA728151" bold="true" box="[197,338,1878,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</emphasis>
From indigenous Guaraní
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08F964960E9E68151" box="[653,710,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">pytû,</emphasis>
dark, referring to the coloration of the specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

239
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<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1413FFB28D8C4D5DEA59858A" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161413FFB28D8C4D5DE86385A5" blockId="1.[151,835,874,939]" box="[151,835,874,900]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="865D6A7A1413FFB28D8C4D5DE86385A5" bold="true" box="[151,835,874,900]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28D8C4D5DE86385A5" bold="true" box="[151,835,874,900]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28D8C4D5DE98685A5" authority="Angrisano &amp; Sganga" authorityName="Angrisano &amp; Sganga" box="[151,678,874,900]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainguas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28D8C4D5DEAB985A5" bold="true" box="[151,409,874,900]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Alisotrichia cainguas</emphasis>
Angrisano &amp; Sganga
</taxonomicName>
,
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<paragraph id="DD15DD161413FFB28D8C4DA6EA59858A" blockId="1.[151,835,874,939]" box="[151,377,913,939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28D8C4DA6EA04858A" box="[151,292,913,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figures 1–8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28C2A4DA6EA59858A" box="[305,377,913,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">31, 36</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1413FFB28D8C4DE9EA3F8047" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161413FFB28D8C4DE9EBD6824E" blockId="1.[151,1437,990,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28D8C4DE9EBFD85D9" bold="true" box="[151,221,990,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length 1.6 mm. Coloration of the body (in alcohol) homogeneous light grayish brown. Head wider than long (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28C7B4A32EA85823E" box="[352,421,1029,1055]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Two ocelli. Antennae 18-segmented; scape wider and longer than the other antennal segments. Fourth segment of the maxillary palp oval, wider than the others, 5th thin and longer than the 4th (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28D844A62EBC7824E" box="[159,231,1109,1135]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161413FFB28DDE4A4BEA3F8047" blockId="1.[151,1437,990,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
Abdominal segments lightly sclerotized, except sterna VII and VIII, especially the latter, that is dark grayish brown, contrasting with the coloration of the other segments, very evident in specimens not cleared (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28D844AFEEBD782C2" box="[159,247,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Sternum VII with a bifid spine. Segment VIII sclerotized ventrally, partially membranous dorsally; posterior end with a wide apical cleft, U-shaped, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28E884AC7E8F9832B" box="[915,985,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); lateroposterior margin with 2 points, the ventral one longer (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28CB04B20EAD58310" box="[427,501,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); mesally, in dorsal view, with a pair of projections directed to the midline that bear the insertions of wide, thick setae at the tip (loose from the base in the
<typeStatus id="021163B41413FFB289114B0AEF618376" box="[1034,1089,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
); next to both insertions there is a thin seta (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28C274B53EAA4835F" box="[316,388,1380,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Segment IX flattened, placed inside segment VIII; sclerotized dorsally, open ventrally; with long anterior apodemes (according to
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB28F824BBDE8A88385" author="Harris" box="[665,904,1418,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
, these apodemes belong to segment X) (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB288704BBDEB8883EA" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); distally, with a pair of arched projections that lay underneath the phallus (ventral to segment X, incomplete at the midline?), and long lateral setae (between the anal cone and segment VIII in figure 5); with a curled tubular ventral structure (spiral process); between the anal cone and the spiral process there is a long, thin spine (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28DFE4812EA0C801E" box="[229,300,1573,1599]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Phallus short, without spines or any particular processes (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28EFA4812EF08801E" box="[993,1064,1573,1599]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Anal cone wide, membranous (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931413FFB28D84487BEA318047" box="[159,273,1612,1638]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[221,1372,197,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Figs. 1 – 8, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp. Figs. 3 – 5, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII – X, dorsal. Figs. 6 – 7: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus. Figs. 9 – 12, Metrichia pitu, n. sp., male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1413FFB08DDE4845EF7F8707" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161413FFB28DDE4845EF7A8125" blockId="1.[151,1437,990,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28DDE4845EA6980AD" bold="true" box="[197,329,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28FB84844E80C80AD" box="[675,812,1651,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orophila">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28FB84844E80C80AD" box="[675,812,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. orophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (defined according to
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB2898B4845EBF38092" author="Harris" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Holzenthal, R. W. (1993) Phylogeny of the species group of Alisotrichia, sensu lato, with the description of a new species from Costa Rica (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). In: Otto, C. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Backhuys Publishers. Leiden, The Netherlands pp. 155 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1993">Harris and Holzenthal 1993</bibRefCitation>
) that contains 18 species characterized by a dorsolateral process of segment VIII that bears a large, long, and very conspicuous seta, which is considered a synapomorphy of the group. This is the 2nd species of
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28D8C48DDEA028122" box="[151,290,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28D8C48DDEA028122" box="[151,290,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Alisotrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861413FFB28CCD48DDE96E8125" box="[470,590,1770,1796]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, and until now the most austral of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161413FFB08DDE4927EF7F8707" blockId="1.[151,1437,990,2028]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,526]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
The closest related species are differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28E2E4926E8E6810B" box="[821,966,1809,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainguas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28E2E4926E8E6810B" box="[821,966,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. cainguas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F1413FFB28ECC4927EF4A810B" box="[983,1130,1808,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
mainly by the following characters: 1) Without a bifid spine in sternite VII in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28FE44900EF818170" authority="Harris &amp; Flint 2002" authorityName="Harris &amp; Flint" authorityYear="2002" box="[767,1185,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacaulandia">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28FE44900E8908171" box="[767,944,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. cacaulandia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB28EAC4900EF818170" author="Harris" box="[951,1185,1847,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB289B04900EA348159" authority="Harris &amp; Flint 2002" authorityName="Harris &amp; Flint" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanukua">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB289B04900EE0E8171" box="[1195,1326,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. kanukua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB2882E4900EA348159" author="Harris" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28C494969E9E18159" authority="Harris &amp; Flint 2002" authorityName="Harris &amp; Flint" authorityYear="2002" box="[338,705,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neblina">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28C494969EAEC8156" box="[338,460,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. neblina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB28CCF4969E9E18159" author="Harris" box="[468,705,1886,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 2) The lateroposterior margin of segment VIII is truncated in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28D8C49B3EADB81BF" authority="Harris &amp; Flint 2002" authorityName="Harris &amp; Flint" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,507,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woldai">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28D8C49B3EA2881BC" box="[151,264,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. woldai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB28C1449B3EADB81BF" author="Harris" box="[271,507,1924,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, lightly produced posterodorsally in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28EB249B3EF7B81BC" box="[937,1115,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacaulandia">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28EB249B3EF7B81BC" box="[937,1115,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. cacaulandia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rounded in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB289EB49B3EE5481BC" box="[1264,1396,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanukua">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB289EB49B3EE5481BC" box="[1264,1396,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. kanukua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB2889849B3EBCF81E5" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neblina">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB2889849B3EBCF81E5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. neblina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28C3D499CE94181E4" authority="Angrisano 2002" authorityName="Angrisano" authorityYear="2002" box="[294,609,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabriel">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28C3D499CEABA81E5" box="[294,410,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. gabriel</emphasis>
Angrisano 2002
</taxonomicName>
, tapered in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28FFE499CEF6781E4" authority="Harris &amp; Flint 2002" authorityName="Harris &amp; Flint" authorityYear="2002" box="[741,1095,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paxilla">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28FFE499CE87681E5" box="[741,854,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. paxilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB28E46499CEF6781E4" author="Harris" box="[861,1095,1963,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and laterally excavated in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951413FFB28898499CEAFE81CD" authority="Harris &amp; Flint 2002" authorityName="Harris &amp; Flint" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathisi">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28898499CEBCD81CA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. mathisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71413FFB28DEF49E5EAFE81CD" author="Harris" box="[244,478,2002,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Harris, S. C. &amp; Flint, O. S., Jr. (2002) New Alisotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Central and South America and the Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 195 - 210." type="journal article" year="2002">Harris &amp; Flint 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 3) The curled tubular ventral structure of segment IX is only present, besides the new species, in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB08C544EAFE9208690" box="[335,512,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacaulandia">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08C544EAFE9208690" box="[335,512,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. cacaulandia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB08F154EAFE9B28690" box="[526,658,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanukua">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08F154EAFE9B28690" box="[526,658,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. kanukua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951411FFB08FCA4EAFE8618690" box="[721,833,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woldai">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08FCA4EAFE8618690" box="[721,833,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. woldai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being tubular in the other species. This structure is also found in species from other groups. 4) The structure of the phallus is clearly different in all the species of the genus. 5) Several species, especially the ones from Central
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861411FFB08E8F4ED2E8DF86DE" box="[916,1023,229,255]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">America</collectingCountry>
, bear spines or thick, conspicuous setae in the posterior margin of segment VIII, which are absent in the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89D58D9E1410FFB18D8C49B4EE5281C1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189022/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[232,1362,207,1866]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161410FFB18D8C49B4EE5281C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1923,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18D8C49B4EAE381BA" bold="true" box="[151,451,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">FIGURES 1–12. Figs. 1–8,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951410FFB18CD149B3E98F81BA" box="[458,687,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainguas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18CD149B3E98F81BA" box="[458,687,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Alisotrichia cainguas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18FA649B4E9D981BA" bold="true" box="[701,761,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F1410FFB18FA649B4E9D981BA" box="[701,761,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 1: Head, dorsal view. 2: Maxillary palp.
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB189A249B4EE3E81BA" bold="true" box="[1209,1310,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figs. 3–5</emphasis>
, abdominal segment VIII: 3: ventral. 4: lateral. 5: abdominal segments VIII–X, dorsal.
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18EA44991EF04819F" bold="true" box="[959,1060,1958,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figs. 6–7</emphasis>
: abdominal segment IX: 6: lateral. 7: ventral. 8: phallus.
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18C6449FEEAD881C0" bold="true" box="[383,504,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figs. 9–12,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951410FFB18CE549FEE9B781C1" box="[510,663,1993,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Metrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pitu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18CE549FEE9B781C1" box="[510,663,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Metrichia pitu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE01041410FFB18FBE49FEE9C181C0" bold="true" box="[677,737,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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, male genitalia: 9: lateral. 10: ventral. 11: dorsal. 12: phallus.
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male.
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Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, tributary of Arroyo Cuñá-Pirú, Malaise trap,
<date id="A914FBD61411FFB08DC84F6EEA428752" box="[211,354,345,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg.
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<typeStatus id="021163B41411FFB08DDE4F48EA6C87B8" box="[197,332,383,409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
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<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861411FFB08C404FB7EAFC87BB" box="[347,476,384,410]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61411FFB089284FB7EFCD87BB" box="[1075,1261,384,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="2008-03-10" valueMax="2008-03-13" valueMin="2008-03-10">10–13.iii.2008</date>
, Angrisano &amp; Sganga leg.,
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.
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041411FFB08DDE4FFAEA7687C6" bold="true" box="[197,342,461,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the department of
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where part of Salto Encantado Provincial Park is located.
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81
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Genus
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28DF54C25EA5C840D" bold="true" box="[238,380,530,556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Alisotrichia</emphasis>
Flint
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This genus was placed in its own subgroup by
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1979
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, based on larval and male genitalic characters. Presently, it contains over 30 Neotropical species, and is specially diversified in Central
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. Only one species is known from
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,
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB28F374C9EE98384E3" box="[556,675,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. gabriel</emphasis>
Angrisano 2002
</taxonomicName>
(in
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), described from Misiones province (Bernardo de Irigoyen). Besides the latter, the geographically nearest species is
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041413FFB288994CE7EA088531" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">A. cacaulandia</emphasis>
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, from
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.
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This genus is exclusively Neotropical with 26 species, of which only one species,
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. This species is considered to be closely related to
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Müller
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, although it has substantial differences with other species in the genus.
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58D8C4D88EA9F85F8" bold="true" box="[151,447,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Rhyacopsyche garuhape</emphasis>
Angrisano &amp; Sganga
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,
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<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB58D8C4DD5EA6285DD" box="[151,322,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,415,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,381,1963]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp., male genitalia: 20: ventral. 21: dorsal. 22: lateral. 23: phallus and detail of its distal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189024/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figures 20–23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB58C554DD5EAB785DD" box="[334,407,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">34, 40</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58D8C4A18EBFE8268" bold="true" box="[151,222,1071,1097]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length 1.8 mm. Abdominal segments VII and VIII without modifications or sternal spines. Segment IX oval in ventral view, deeply open dorsally, and close ventrally (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB589144A61EF958251" box="[1039,1205,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,415,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,381,1963]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp., male genitalia: 20: ventral. 21: dorsal. 22: lateral. 23: phallus and detail of its distal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189024/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figs. 20 &amp; 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161414FFB58DDE4A4AE8888313" blockId="6.[151,1437,1071,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
Inferior appendages having a short, strongly sclerotized base (
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58EA14A4AE8F582B7" box="[954,981,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">sb</emphasis>
) with a deep apical V-shaped cleft in lateral view. Arising from this base there are 2 lobes. The ventral lobe,
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58EF84A93EF20829C" box="[995,1024,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">vl,</emphasis>
smaller than the dorsal and lightly sclerotized. Dorsal lobe,
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58CA74AFCEAFB82C5" box="[444,475,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">dl,</emphasis>
flat, oval, with a row of long setae in the internal margin, and 2 rows of spines at its base (one row with 10 spines and the other with 3); subapically there is an appendage,
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB589E14AC6EE11832B" box="[1274,1329,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">app,</emphasis>
directed ventrad that bears about 4–5 thick spines at the apex (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB58E104B2FE8BC8313" box="[779,924,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,415,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,381,1963]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp., male genitalia: 20: ventral. 21: dorsal. 22: lateral. 23: phallus and detail of its distal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189024/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figs. 20–22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161414FFB58DDE4B09EEBC83ED" blockId="6.[151,1437,1071,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
Subgenital plate subtriangular, lightly sclerotized but pigmented, being very conspicuous in specimens that were not cleared (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB58CBB4B52EAD9835E" box="[416,505,1381,1407]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). At the sides of the subgenital plate, there is a pair of membranous lobes (
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB5886E4B52EEB2835F" box="[1397,1426,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">ml</emphasis>
) that bear 2 long, thick setae and a shorter apical spine. Anal cone membranous (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB589454BBBEFD38387" box="[1118,1267,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,415,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,381,1963]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp., male genitalia: 20: ventral. 21: dorsal. 22: lateral. 23: phallus and detail of its distal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189024/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figs. 20–22</figureCitation>
). Phallus very long, reaching segment VI, with spines at the apex and internal tubule pigmented; endophallus scaly (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931414FFB5882C4B85EEAE83ED" box="[1335,1422,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,415,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,381,1963]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp., male genitalia: 20: ventral. 21: dorsal. 22: lateral. 23: phallus and detail of its distal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189024/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1414FFB58DDD4BEFE9DC80FA" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161414FFB58DDD4BEFEAA98046" blockId="6.[151,1437,1071,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58DDD4BEFEA6683D3" bold="true" box="[198,326,1496,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951414FFB58FFD4BEEEF4083D2" authority="Angrisano" authorityName="Angrisano" box="[742,1120,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yatay">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58FFD4BEEE8F883D3" box="[742,984,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Rhyacopsyche yatay</emphasis>
Angrisano
</taxonomicName>
, based on the structure of segment IX and the complex inferior appendages.
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951414FFB58FFF4837E8648038" box="[740,836,1536,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yatay">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58FFF4837E8648038" box="[740,836,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">R. yatay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed in this genus because it was considered related to
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951414FFB58C174810EAFE8061" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[268,478,1574,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hagenii">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58C174810EAA58061" box="[268,389,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">R. hagenii</emphasis>
Müller
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="021163B41414FFB58F0E4811E9678061" box="[533,583,1574,1600]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus, although it seems to be little related to species that were described later.
</paragraph>
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The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951414FFB58F3F4843E9A580AC" box="[548,645,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yatay">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58F3F4843E9A580AC" box="[548,645,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">R. yatay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the base of the inferior appendage that, in the latter, is produced dorsoposteriorly in lateral view, with a lobe arising from the inner side, that bears thick spines in the margin, and a membranous sheet bearing setae in the border.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1414FFB58DDE48D0EA918109" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161414FFB58DDE48D0EA918109" blockId="6.[151,1437,1071,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58DDE48D0EAA98120" bold="true" box="[197,393,1767,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="021163B41414FFB58DDE48D0EA1B8120" box="[197,315,1767,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861414FFB58C8948DFE9318123" box="[402,529,1768,1794]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61414FFB5894148DFEFCF8123" box="[1114,1263,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Malaise trap, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1414FFB58DDE4902EE53816E" box="[197,1395,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161414FFB58DDE4902EE53816E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1071,1871]" box="[197,1395,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58DDE4902EA72816E" bold="true" box="[197,338,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the Municipio de
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951414FFB58FB54902E803816E" box="[686,803,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garuhape" status="sp. nov.">Garuhapé</taxonomicName>
, the district where the Cuñá-Pirú valley is located.
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60
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Genus
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041415FFB48DF54EEAEA4786D6" bold="true" box="[238,359,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Oxyethira</emphasis>
Eaton
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This genus very diversified world-wide. It has approximately 80 Neotropical species, 14 of which are known from
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.
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80
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Genus
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This genus is highly specious in North and Central
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. There are approximately 114 Neotropical species (
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), having 22 occurring in South
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with most of these occurring in
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,
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,
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,
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and
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. Until now, the genus has not been recorded from
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. Outside of the country the geographically nearest species is
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68FD94ED2E81F86DF" box="[706,831,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">O. concha</emphasis>
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, from the Amazons,
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.
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115
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68D8C48ADEA458095" bold="true" box="[151,357,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Paratrichia acuti</emphasis>
Angrisano &amp; Sganga
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<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68D8C488AEA6180F6" box="[151,321,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,186,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,177,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Figs. 13 – 16, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp., male genitalia: 13:, dorsal, 14: lateral, 15: ventral. 16: Phallus. Figs. 17 – 19, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp., male genitalia: 17: lateral, 18: ventral. 19: Phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Figures 17–19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68C55488AEAB780F6" box="[334,407,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">33, 38</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68D8C493DEBFE8105" bold="true" box="[151,222,1802,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length 2.0 mm. Legs with tarsal spur formula of 1-3-4. Head with 3 ocelli. Mesoscutellum with a transverse suture. Abdominal segments VII and VIII without modifications or sternal spines; lightly sclerotized and short, the length of both segments together is approximately equal to that of segment IX. Segment IX lengthened, sclerotized ventrally and open dorsally, sharp apically (
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). Subgenital plate with a pair of processes, having first process lengthened posteriorly, extending laterally, and second one ventral, arched to midline and surrounding phallus.
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Inferior appendages lightly sclerotized, very setose on margin and internally, basally wide in ventral view, almost touching on midline. Lateral appendages lengthened, very arched towards the venter, more sclerotized than inferior appendages; setae reduced; articulating ventrally with base of inferior appendages. Phallus simple, lengthened, longer than segment IX, with a triangular, membranous lobe at the apex (
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).
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58DDE4F05EA6D876D" bold="true" box="[197,333,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species is related to
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58FCF4F05E842876A" box="[724,866,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">P. cebollati</emphasis>
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, described from
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.
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can be distinguished by: segment IX oval in ventral view and rounded anteriorly, inferior appendages approximately sigmoid in lateral view, segment VIII long, phallus with lightly different membranous lobes at the apex, and subgenital plate bearing the inferior appendages that are curved to dorsad. This is the only species of the genus known from
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.
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male.
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<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861414FFB58C8F4FC3E934842F" box="[404,532,500,526]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, Salto
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,
<date id="A914FBD61414FFB5881A4FC3EEB7842F" box="[1281,1431,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Malaise trap, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg.
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041414FFB58DDE4C77EA72847B" bold="true" box="[197,338,576,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</emphasis>
Referring to the Salto
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, one of the waterfalls from Salto Encantado Provincial Park.
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Genus
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This genus was previously monotypic. It was erected originally as a subgenus to include
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, with the same status of
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and
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, that were both considered subgenera of the genus
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68C154837EA868038" box="[270,422,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Ochrotrichia</emphasis>
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at that time. As a consequence of the elevation of the taxonomical status of
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB688334837EEBB8038" box="[1320,1435,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Metrichia</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68DD34810EA408061" box="[200,352,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Ochrotrichia</emphasis>
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, it was proposed the elevation of
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to generic level (Angrisano 2002).
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Angrisano &amp; Sganga
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<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68D8C4F95EA62879D" box="[151,322,418,444]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,186,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,177,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Figs. 13 – 16, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp., male genitalia: 13:, dorsal, 14: lateral, 15: ventral. 16: Phallus. Figs. 17 – 19, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp., male genitalia: 17: lateral, 18: ventral. 19: Phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Figures 13–16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68C554F95EAB7879D" box="[334,407,418,444]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">32, 37</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1417FFB68D8C4FD8EA258539" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161417FFB68D8C4FD8EAF38485" blockId="5.[151,1437,495,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68D8C4FD8EBC38428" bold="true" box="[151,227,495,521]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length 2.1 mm. Head with 3 large ocelli, and mesoscutellum with transverse suture. Abdominal segment VIII short, wider than long. Segment IX rounded anteriorly, with its tergum lightly sclerotized apically. Segment X conic, asymmetric, with the right lobe more sclerotized than the other structures, with a short, curved spine at its base and a dorsal one; apex of the segment with a sharp point, curved to the left (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68C754CBDEAE58485" box="[366,453,650,676]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,186,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,177,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Figs. 13 – 16, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp., male genitalia: 13:, dorsal, 14: lateral, 15: ventral. 16: Phallus. Figs. 17 – 19, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp., male genitalia: 17: lateral, 18: ventral. 19: Phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161417FFB68D8C4C86EA258539" blockId="5.[151,1437,495,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
Inferior appendages long, rounded posteroventrally, with 2 rows of long heavy spines in the margin of its inner side, and 4 rows of bigger spines mesally (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68FCD4CEFE87B84D3" box="[726,859,728,754]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,186,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,177,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Figs. 13 – 16, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp., male genitalia: 13:, dorsal, 14: lateral, 15: ventral. 16: Phallus. Figs. 17 – 19, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp., male genitalia: 17: lateral, 18: ventral. 19: Phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Fig. 13–15</figureCitation>
). Phallus simple, with a curved point at the apex (
<figureCitation id="4591C1931417FFB68D844CC9EBD68539" box="[159,246,766,792]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,186,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,177,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Figs. 13 – 16, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp., male genitalia: 13:, dorsal, 14: lateral, 15: ventral. 16: Phallus. Figs. 17 – 19, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp., male genitalia: 17: lateral, 18: ventral. 19: Phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1417FFB68DDE4D12EBCA8206" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161417FFB68DDE4D12EBCA8206" blockId="5.[151,1437,495,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68DDE4D12EA6B851E" bold="true" box="[197,331,805,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The geographically nearest species is
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951417FFB68E304D12EEB8851E" authority="Bueno-Soria &amp; Santiago-Fragoso 1992" authorityName="Bueno-Soria &amp; Santiago-Fragoso" authorityYear="1992" box="[811,1432,805,831]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ochrotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concha">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68E304D12E88A851F" box="[811,938,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">O. concha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71417FFB68EA94D12EEB8851E" author="Bueno-Soria" box="[946,1432,805,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Bueno-Soria, J. &amp; Santiago-Fragoso, S. (1992) Studies in aquatic insects, XI: Seven new species of the genus Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) from South America (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 94, 439 - 446." type="journal article" year="1992">Bueno-Soria &amp; Santiago-Fragoso 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs by having male inferior appendages deeply excavated posteroventrally (trumpet-like), and tergum X with 2 long processes on the left side and a long lightly sinuous process on the right side. It is closely related to O. avicula
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71417FFB68CF34DAEE8468592" author="Bueno-Soria" box="[488,870,921,947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Bueno-Soria, J. &amp; Holzenthal, R. W. (2008) The genus Ochrotrichia Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in Costa Rica, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 1763, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Bueno-Soria &amp; Holzenthal 2008</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861417FFB68EB54DAEEF118592" box="[942,1073,921,947]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, differing in the distribution of the spines of the inferior appendages that in this species are located in the apical and midventral areas, in the length of segment IX that is shorter (it does not reach segment VII), and in the basal spine of segment X that is absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1417FFB68DDE4A04E99C82E3" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161417FFB68DDE4A04E96B8255" blockId="5.[151,1437,495,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68DDE4A04EAAA826C" bold="true" box="[197,394,1075,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="021163B41417FFB68DDE4A04EA1C826C" box="[197,316,1075,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861417FFB68C884A03E932826F" box="[403,530,1076,1102]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, Salto
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951417FFB689BC4A03EFCE826F" box="[1191,1262,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Paratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuti" status="sp. nov.">Acutí</taxonomicName>
, Malaise trap,
<date id="A914FBD61417FFB68D8C4A6DEA068255" box="[151,294,1114,1140]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161417FFB68DDE4AB7E99C82E3" blockId="5.[151,1437,495,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68DDE4AB7EA7682BB" bold="true" box="[197,342,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="021163B41417FFB68DDE4AB7EA7082BB" box="[197,336,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861417FFB68C444AB6EAC582BA" box="[351,485,1153,1179]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, Salto
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951417FFB689814AB6EFC582BA" box="[1178,1253,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Paratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuti" status="sp. nov.">Acutí</taxonomicName>
, Malaise trap,
<date id="A914FBD61417FFB68D8C4A9FEA0682E3" box="[151,294,1192,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg.,
<specimenCount id="CBAC169F1417FFB68F424A9FE99782E3" box="[601,695,1192,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1417FFB68DDE4AF9EA74832E" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161417FFB68DDE4AF9EA74832E" blockId="5.[151,1437,495,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68DDE4AF9EA7282C9" bold="true" box="[197,338,1230,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
From indigenous Guaraní word
<emphasis id="EFDE01041417FFB68FCF4AF8E83282C9" box="[724,786,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951417FFB68FCF4AF8E82E82C9" box="[724,782,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ochrotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pora">porâ</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
beautiful. This species is dedicated to Salto Encantado Provincial Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

124
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<mods:title id="FA9A1749F2DE709FBCF3525E88163AC6">New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Salto Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones province, Argentina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9F0F0F78AA2881405043ECBFB3BA0A6">Angrisano, Elisa B.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98D8C4C2DEAB78476" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98D8C4C2DE8238415" blockId="10.[151,771,538,599]" box="[151,771,538,564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="865D6A7A1418FFB98D8C4C2DE8238415" bold="true" box="[151,771,538,564]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98D8C4C2DE8238415" bold="true" box="[151,771,538,564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB98D8C4C2DE9478415" authority="Angrisano &amp; Sganga" authorityName="Angrisano &amp; Sganga" box="[151,615,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poapi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98D8C4C2DEA798415" bold="true" box="[151,345,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Oxyethira poapi</emphasis>
Angrisano &amp; Sganga
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F1418FFB98F6F4C2DE8238415" box="[628,771,538,564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98D8C4C0AEAB78476" blockId="10.[151,771,538,599]" box="[151,407,573,599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<figureCitation id="4591C1931418FFB98D8C4C0AEA628476" box="[151,322,573,599]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,272,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[171,1398,222,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 30. Figs. 24 – 26, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp., male genitalia: 24: dorsal, 25: ventral, 26: lateral. Figs. 27 – 30, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 27: ventral, 28: lateral. 29 – 30. Phallus: 29: dorsal, 30: lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189025/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Figures 27–30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4591C1931418FFB98C554C0AEAB78476" box="[334,407,573,599]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">42–43</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98D8C4CBDEA21851E" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98D8C4CBDEA21851E" blockId="10.[151,1437,650,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98D8C4CBDEBFE8485" bold="true" box="[151,222,650,676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length 2.3 mm. Abdominal sternum VII with a very long, thin, mesal spine. Segment VIII closed dorsally, deeply cleft ventrally so the 2 sides of the segment do not touch in the midline. Segment IX relatively long (reaches segment VI), rounded anteriorly. Subgenital plate fused to a process in the midline. Inferior appendages fused in a triangular lobe, very pigmented at the apex. Phallus with a sclerotized spine at the apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98DDE4D7CEA49826F" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98DDE4D7CEA49826F" blockId="10.[151,1437,650,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98DDE4D7CEA668544" bold="true" box="[197,326,843,869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species seems to be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB98E484D7BEF7B8547" authority="Kelley 1983" authorityName="Kelley" authorityYear="1983" box="[851,1115,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spissa">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98E484D7BE8E18544" box="[851,961,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O. spissa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71418FFB98ED24D7BEF7B8547" author="Kelley" box="[969,1115,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Kelley, R. W. (1983) New neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="1983">Kelley 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB9898D4D7BEBF485AD" authority="Kelley 1983" authorityName="Kelley" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB9898D4D7BEE658544" box="[1174,1349,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O. brasiliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71418FFB988574D7BEBF485AD" author="Kelley" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Kelley, R. W. (1983) New neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="1983">Kelley 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, especially to the latter. In
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB98F174D45E99685AA" box="[524,694,882,907]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98F174D45E99685AA" box="[524,694,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
segment VIII is short in the ventral midline, but undivided, and segment IX is short and truncated anteriorly. It is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB98E874DAEEE688592" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[924,1352,921,947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri" subGenus="Dampfitrichia">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98E874DAEE8998593" box="[924,953,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98ED74DAEEF548593" box="[972,1140,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Dampfitrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB9899D4DAEEFF38593" box="[1158,1235,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">ulmeri</emphasis>
(Mosely)
</taxonomicName>
whose generic status was established by
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71418FFB98F314DF7E9F385FB" author="Kelley" box="[554,723,960,986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Kelley, R. W. (1984) Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 110, 435 - 463." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
. As in the new species the inferior appendages in
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB988314DF7EEBC85F8" box="[1322,1436,960,985]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB988314DF7EEBC85F8" box="[1322,1436,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O. ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are fused in a triangular mesal lobe, but in this species the mesoventral spine of segment VII is absent, segment VIII is widely excavated posteriorly and with a deep incision laterally, and segment IX has its dorsum complete.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98DDE4A6DEA3182BA" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98DDE4A6DEA3182BA" blockId="10.[151,1437,650,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98DDE4A6DEAA98255" bold="true" box="[197,393,1114,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="021163B41418FFB98DDE4A6DEA1B8255" box="[197,315,1114,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861418FFB98C884A6DE9328255" box="[403,530,1114,1140]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61418FFB989404A6DEFD08255" box="[1115,1264,1114,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98DDE4A9DEAF782CA" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98DDE4A9DEAF782CA" blockId="10.[151,1437,650,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98DDE4A9DEA7A82E5" bold="true" box="[197,346,1194,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
From indigenous Guaraní
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB98FB44A9CE9D682E5" box="[687,758,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poapi">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98FB44A9CE9D682E5" box="[687,758,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">poapi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, eight, being this the 8th species described from Salto Encantado Provincial Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="18FAB3A0A3E7F353DBF4C2779EAB308F">New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Salto Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones province, Argentina)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="55036C00141AFFB98D8C48FCEFA087E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55036C00141AFFB98D8C48FCEFA087E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55036C00141AFFB98D8C48FCEFA087E1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D141AFFBB8D8C48FCEAE38126" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD15DD16141AFFBB8D8C48FCE81A80C5" blockId="8.[151,826,1738,1799]" box="[151,826,1738,1765]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="865D6A7A141AFFBB8D8C48FCE81A80C5" bold="true" box="[151,826,1738,1765]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141AFFBB8D8C48FCE81A80C5" bold="true" box="[151,826,1738,1765]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141AFFBB8D8C48FCE9BE80C5" authority="Angrisano &amp; Sganga" authorityName="Angrisano &amp; Sganga" box="[151,670,1738,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamandua" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141AFFBB8D8C48FCEAB080C4" bold="true" box="[151,400,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Oxyethira tamandua</emphasis>
Angrisano &amp; Sganga
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141AFFBB8FB048FDE81A80C5" box="[683,826,1738,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD16141AFFBB8D8C48DAEAE38126" blockId="8.[151,826,1738,1799]" box="[151,451,1773,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<figureCitation id="4591C193141AFFBB8D8C48DAEA628126" box="[151,322,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,272,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[171,1398,222,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 30. Figs. 24 – 26, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp., male genitalia: 24: dorsal, 25: ventral, 26: lateral. Figs. 27 – 30, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 27: ventral, 28: lateral. 29 – 30. Phallus: 29: dorsal, 30: lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Figures 24–26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4591C193141AFFBB8C5548DAEAE38126" box="[334,451,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 43" captionStartId="9.[151,275,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,230,1742]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 43. Figs. 31, 36, Alisotrichia cainguas, n. sp.: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia. Figs. 32, 37, Ochrotrichia pora, n. sp.: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia. Figs. 33, 38, Paratrichia acuti, n. sp.: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia. Figs. 34, 40, Rhyacopsyche garuhape, n. sp.: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia. Figs. 35, 39, 41, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp.: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral. Figs. 42, 43, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">35, 39, 41</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D141AFFBA8D8C490DEF0286F9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD15DD16141AFFBA8D8C490DEF0286F9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1850,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141AFFBB8D8C490DEBFF8175" bold="true" box="[151,223,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length 2.0 mm. Abdominal segment VII without sternal spines, but with a group of thick, long setae. Tergum and sternum of segment VIII with a deep V-shaped cleft; dorsal cleft short and wide, ventral cleft deep. Posterior margin very pigmented, especially in the dorsum, being very notorious in the specimens that were not cleared, which allows its differentiation from the other Argentinean species of the genus. Segment IX narrowed anteriorly, very asymmetric posteriorly, with 3 asymmetric lobes curved to the left, several spine-like lobes on the left side, and 2 membranous, setigerous lobes, partially hidden by segment VIII (
<figureCitation id="4591C193141BFFBA8DC24E89EA4A86F9" box="[217,362,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,272,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[171,1398,222,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 30. Figs. 24 – 26, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp., male genitalia: 24: dorsal, 25: ventral, 26: lateral. Figs. 27 – 30, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 27: ventral, 28: lateral. 29 – 30. Phallus: 29: dorsal, 30: lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Figs. 24–26</figureCitation>
). Phallus short, wide, without spines or processes (
<figureCitation id="4591C193141BFFBA8EA64E89EF3586F9" box="[957,1045,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,272,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[171,1398,222,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 30. Figs. 24 – 26, Oxyethira tamandua, n. sp., male genitalia: 24: dorsal, 25: ventral, 26: lateral. Figs. 27 – 30, Oxyethira poapi, n. sp., male genitalia: 27: ventral, 28: lateral. 29 – 30. Phallus: 29: dorsal, 30: lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89D58D9E141BFFBA8D8C48F4E8978144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189026/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[306,1283,272,1697]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="DD15DD16141BFFBA8D8C48F4E8978144" blockId="9.[151,1437,1731,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8D8C48F4E92280FA" bold="true" box="[151,514,1731,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 31–43. Figs. 31, 36,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8F1148F4E82080FB" box="[522,768,1731,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainguas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8F1148F4E82080FB" box="[522,768,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Alisotrichia cainguas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8E1448F4E87080FA" bold="true" box="[783,848,1731,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141BFFBA8E1448F4E87080FA" box="[783,848,1731,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 31: adult, lateral. 36: male genitalia.
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA881048F4EEBD80FA" bold="true" box="[1291,1437,1731,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Figs. 32, 37,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8D8C48D1EA7A80DC" box="[151,346,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ochrotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pora" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8D8C48D1EA7A80DC" box="[151,346,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Ochrotrichia pora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8C7348D1EA8580DF" bold="true" box="[360,421,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141BFFBA8C7348D1EA8580DF" box="[360,421,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 32: adult, ventral. 37: male genitalia.
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8E5D48D1E8ED80DF" bold="true" box="[838,973,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Figs. 33, 38,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8ECF48D1EFAD80DC" box="[980,1165,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Paratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8ECF48D1EFAD80DC" box="[980,1165,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Paratrichia acuti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA898048D1EFF780DF" bold="true" box="[1179,1239,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141BFFBA898048D1EFF780DF" box="[1179,1239,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 33: adult, lateral. 38: male genitalia.
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8C7D493FEACE8101" bold="true" box="[358,494,1800,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Figs. 34, 40,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8CEE493EE9DC8101" box="[501,764,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garuhape" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8CEE493EE9DC8101" box="[501,764,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Rhyacopsyche garuhape</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8E11493FE8678101" bold="true" box="[778,839,1800,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141BFFBA8E11493FE8678101" box="[778,839,1800,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 34: adult, ventral. 40: male genitalia.
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA89F0493FEEBC8101" bold="true" box="[1259,1436,1800,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Figs. 35, 39, 41,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8D8C491CEA5E8163" box="[151,382,1835,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamandua" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8D8C491CEA5E8163" box="[151,382,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Oxyethira tamandua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8C96491CEAED8162" bold="true" box="[397,461,1835,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141BFFBA8C96491CEAED8162" box="[397,461,1835,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 35: adult, ventral. 39: male genitalia, dorsal. 41: male genitalia, lateral.
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8816491CEEBD8162" bold="true" box="[1293,1437,1835,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Figs. 42, 43,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8D8C4979EA648144" box="[151,324,1870,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poapi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8D8C4979EA648144" box="[151,324,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Oxyethira poapi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8C494979EAAE8147" bold="true" box="[338,398,1870,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F141BFFBA8C494979EAAE8147" box="[338,398,1870,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia: 42: lateral. 43: phallus apex, detail.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D141BFFB98DDE49A0EE5586DE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD15DD16141BFFB98DDE49A0EE5586DE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1943,2008]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8DDE49A0EA658190" bold="true" box="[197,325,1943,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species seems to be related to group of species of uncertain placement:
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA89C149AFEA0981F9" authority="Kelley 1983" authorityName="Kelley" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquaginta">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA89C149AFEEBC8190" box="[1242,1436,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">O. quinquaginta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E7141BFFBA8D8C4989EA0981F9" author="Kelley" box="[151,297,1982,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Kelley, R. W. (1983) New neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85, 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="1983">Kelley 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D86141BFFBA8C6D4989EAE181F9" box="[374,449,1982,2008]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8CE54989E89481F9" authority="Holzenthal &amp; Harris 1992" authorityName="Holzenthal &amp; Harris" authorityYear="1992" box="[510,948,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serruca">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8CE54989E95B81F6" box="[510,635,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">O. serruca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E7141BFFBA8F984989E89481F9" author="Holzenthal" box="[643,948,1982,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. &amp; Harris, S. C. (1992) Hydroptilidae of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100, 155 - 177." type="journal article" year="1992">Holzenthal &amp; Harris 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA695141BFFBA8EF64989EEB781F9" authority="Holzenthal &amp; Harris 1992" authorityName="Holzenthal &amp; Harris" authorityYear="1992" box="[1005,1431,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rareza">
<emphasis id="EFDE0104141BFFBA8EF64989EF7C81F6" box="[1005,1116,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">O. rareza</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E7141BFFBA89784989EEB781F9" author="Holzenthal" box="[1123,1431,1982,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. &amp; Harris, S. C. (1992) Hydroptilidae of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100, 155 - 177." type="journal article" year="1992">Holzenthal &amp; Harris 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861418FFB98DC04EAFEA468693" box="[219,358,152,178]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, especially to the latter. In
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB98FA14EAFE8108690" box="[698,816,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rareza">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98FA14EAFE8108690" box="[698,816,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O. rareza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, segments VII and VIII are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="1AAAA6951418FFB988644EAFEA2F86F9" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamandua" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB988644EAFEA2F86F9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">O. tamandua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EDBC7F1418FFB98C054E89EA9386F9" box="[286,435,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
; segment IX is asymmetric, with a pair of long, narrow, sclerotized, deeply curved posterior branches, that are interpreted as processes of the subgenital plate by
<bibRefCitation id="B93BA0E71418FFB989334ED2EE5086DE" author="Holzenthal" box="[1064,1392,229,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. &amp; Harris, S. C. (1992) Hydroptilidae of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100, 155 - 177." type="journal article" year="1992">Holzenthal and Harris 1992</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98DDE4F3CE92E87BB" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98DDE4F3CEA1B876D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98DDE4F3CEAA68704" bold="true" box="[197,390,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="021163B41418FFB98DDE4F3CEA198704" box="[197,313,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861418FFB98C944F3BE92C8707" box="[399,524,268,294]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61418FFB989524F3BEFD38707" box="[1097,1267,268,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="2005-02-16" valueMax="2005-02-27" valueMin="2005-02-16">16–27.ii.2005</date>
, Angrisano &amp; Abelando leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98DDE4F6FE92E87BB" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98DDE4F6FEA768753" bold="true" box="[197,342,344,370]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="021163B41418FFB98DDE4F6FEA708753" box="[197,336,344,370]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A5BD9D861418FFB98C454F6EEAC38752" box="[350,483,345,371]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado,
<date id="A914FBD61418FFB989514F6EEFC68752" box="[1098,1254,345,371]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="2006-01-08" valueMax="2006-01-14" valueMin="2006-01-08">8–14.i.2006</date>
, Malaise trap, Angrisano &amp; Bravo leg,
<specimenCount id="CBAC169F1418FFB98CA34FB7E92A87BB" box="[440,522,384,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B08E9D1418FFB98DDE4F91EFA087E1" box="[197,1152,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD15DD161418FFB98DDE4F91EFA087E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,448]" box="[197,1152,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="EFDE01041418FFB98DDE4F91EA7287E1" bold="true" box="[197,338,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for one of the streams from Salto Encantado Provincial Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.54042" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6575415d-8837-43f8-a91e-91e6fc89faf5" ID-PMC="PMC7419338" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-154-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="71C45144E9415307A8ACC241421A7DA8" ID-PubMed="32848500" ModsDocID="1314-2003-154-103" checkinTime="1596605111521" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ma, Yonghong, Zhou, Hanlu &amp; Shu, Yumin" docDate="2020" docId="55039D053FFB53258A4AF88E4BCD8F6E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 154: 103-109" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 154" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.54042" docTitle="Parnassia nubicola Wall. ex Royle 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="71C45144E9415307A8ACC241421A7DA8" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="71C45144E9415307A8ACC241421A7DA8" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic note on Parnassia (Celastraceae): the identity of P. nubicola" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668139895760" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic note on Parnassia (Celastraceae): the identity of P. nubicola</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ma, Yonghong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhou, Hanlu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shu, Yumin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resource Conservation (Ministry of Education), Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>154</mods:number>
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166095635" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55039D053FFB53258A4AF88E4BCD8F6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55039D053FFB53258A4AF88E4BCD8F6E" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="55039D05-3FFB-5325-8A4A-F88E4BCD8F6E" authority="Wall. ex Royle, 1835: 227" authorityName="Wall. ex Royle" authorityYear="1835" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Parnassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parnassia nubicola" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nubicola">Parnassia nubicola Wall. ex Royle, 1835: 227</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. P. Jien ex T. C. Ku" authorityYear="1987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Parnassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parnassia tibetana" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetana">Parnassia tibetana</taxonomicName>
Z.P. Jien ex T.C. Ku, 1987: 38. Syn. nov. Type: China. Tibet: 2 August 1959,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Exped. Zhufengensis 716</emphasis>
(holotype PE01863973!; isotype N117066161!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Parnassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parnassia nubicola subsp. occidentalis" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nubicola" subSpecies="occidentalis">Parnassia nubicola subsp. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönbeck-Temesy">Schoenbeck-Temesy</normalizedToken>
, 1966: 2. Syn. nov. Type: Pakistan. Swat: Utror, 2500 m, 23 August 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Rechinger 19590</emphasis>
(holotype W19680016319!; isotype G00388771!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Parnassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parnassia nubicola subsp. var. var. nana" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nubicola" subSpecies="var." variety="nana">Parnassia nubicola var. nana</taxonomicName>
T.C. Ku, 1991: 82. Syn. nov. Type: China. Yunnan: Deqen, 25 August 1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hengduanshan Exped. 3734</emphasis>
(holotype PE00866291!; isotypes PE00866288!, PE00866289!, PE00866290!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Nepal. Gossain-than (Gossain-kund),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wallich Cat. n. 1246a</emphasis>
(lectotype W1889-0305721!, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Schoenbeck-Temesy, E" editor="Rechinger, KH" journalOrPublisher="Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 4" refId="B13" refString="Schoenbeck-Temesy, E, 1966. Parnassiaceae. In: Rechinger, KH, Ed., Flora Iranica 20. Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria: 1 - 4" title="Parnassiaceae." volumeTitle="Flora Iranica 20." year="1966">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönbeck-Temesy">Schoenbeck-Temesy</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
: 2; isolectotypes BM000521923!, E00301174!, GZU000100103!, K000739482(except for the individual with fimbriate petals)!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Perennial herbs, glabrous. Rhizome sympodial, robust. Stems 1 to 5, 5-40 cm, with 1 proximal cauline leaf. Basal leaves 3-8; petiole 1-9 cm; blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1-9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-6 cm, base cordate to subtruncate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Cauline leaf sessile, similar to basal ones but always smaller. Flowers 2.8-3.4 cm in diam., hypanthium campanulate. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 3 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse. Petals white, sometimes yellow at the base, obovate to ovate, 8-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-10 mm, base contracted into a short claw, margins entire distally and erose to short-fimbriate proximally, apex rounded. Anthers ellipsoid, 0.8-1.1 mm; filaments ca. 4.5 mm; staminodes flat, 2.5-5 mm, shallowly to deeply 3-lobed, lobes up to half staminode length, apex acute or rounded. Ovary semi-inferior, ovoid; style ca. 2 mm; stigma 3(-4)-lobed. Capsule ovoid, 5-10 mm long, 3(-4) valved. Seeds minute, oblong, ca. 1 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
2n =18 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1979.tb00575.x" author="Malla, SB" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="627 - 628" refId="B10" refString="Malla, SB, Bhattarai, S, Gorkhali, M, Saiju, H, Kayastha, M, 1979. IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LXV. Taxon 28 (5-6): 627 - 628, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1979.tb00575.x" title="IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LXV." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1979.tb00575.x" volume="28" year="1979">Malla et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="flowering and fruiting">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Flowering and fruiting.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">July to November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Habitats.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Margins of thickets, alpine meadows, 2600-4200 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
China, India, Nepal, and also recorded in Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Pakistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Schoenbeck-Temesy, E" editor="Rechinger, KH" journalOrPublisher="Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 4" refId="B13" refString="Schoenbeck-Temesy, E, 1966. Parnassiaceae. In: Rechinger, KH, Ed., Flora Iranica 20. Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria: 1 - 4" title="Parnassiaceae." volumeTitle="Flora Iranica 20." year="1966">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönbeck-Temesy">Schoenbeck-Temesy</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Grierson, AJC" editor="Grierson, AJC" journalOrPublisher="1, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="515 - 517" refId="B5" refString="Grierson, AJC, 1987. Parnassiaceae. In: Grierson, AJC, Long, DG, Eds., Flora of Bhutan, vol. 1, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh: 515 - 517" title="Parnassiaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Bhutan, vol." year="1987">Grierson 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Herbarium barcode numbers are cited with herbaria acronyms if available.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">China. Tibet, Bomi County</emphasis>
: 11 August 2001,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Qin Haining et al. 337</emphasis>
(PE); 23 August 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Cheng Shuzhi et al. 7062</emphasis>
(PE); 2900 m, 25 August 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous 56</emphasis>
(SM706501104); 3000 m, 20 September 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Zhang Jingwei 1485</emphasis>
(PE00866285); 3100 m, 20 September 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 73-1453</emphasis>
(KUN0437389, KUN0437390, PE00866295, PE00866296); 25 July 1900,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Xia Guangcheng 599</emphasis>
(KUN0437701);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Chayu County</emphasis>
: 3996 m, 29 August 2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gin Xiaohua et al. SET-ET 982</emphasis>
(PE); 3400 m, 9 August 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 1334</emphasis>
(QTPMB38503, QTPMB86235); 3350 m, 13 September 1976,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wu Zhengyi 5833</emphasis>
(KUN0437395, KUN0437398); 3500 m, 13 August 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous 828</emphasis>
(PE01869747); 3900 m, 13 August 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 73-1070</emphasis>
(KUN0437393, KUN0437394); 4100 m, 23 August 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 73-1217</emphasis>
(KUN0437391, KUN0437392);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Cuona County</emphasis>
: 10 September 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 751933</emphasis>
(PE00866302, QTPMB52545);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Jilong County</emphasis>
: 3977 m, 28 July 2015,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wei Lai et Hao Jiachen 15338</emphasis>
(BNU0026890); 3544 m, 8 August 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 348</emphasis>
(PE01877040);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Jiacha County</emphasis>
: 3500 m, 2 September 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet herbs Exped. 4563</emphasis>
(PE01982462, QTPMB33656, QTPMB82672);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Lang County</emphasis>
: 3239 m, 4 September 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Luo Jian et al. L075</emphasis>
(KUN1237749); without date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-1138</emphasis>
(PE);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Linzhi County</emphasis>
: 3060 m, 26 September 2008,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gao Lianming et al. GLM-082000</emphasis>
(KUN1242252); 9 August 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Li Bosheng et al. 6375</emphasis>
(PE); 4360 m, 2 August 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 751124</emphasis>
(QTPMB51742);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Longzi County</emphasis>
: 10 August 2013,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Chen Yousheng et al. 13-0876</emphasis>
(PE01993054, PE01993055, PE01992603);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Milin County</emphasis>
: 3200 m, 30 July 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wei Lai et He Yi BNUXZ2016491</emphasis>
(BNU0027963); 3250 m, 21 September 1974,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 74-5338</emphasis>
(KUN0437387, KUN0437388, PE00866281, PE01982463); 3700 m, 16 July 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet herbs Exped. 3813</emphasis>
(PE00866276, PE00866277, QTPMB32867, QTPMB82577);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Motuo County</emphasis>
: 2800 m, 12 August 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Jin Xiaohua et al. STET 2646</emphasis>
(PE); 3900 m, 5 September 1982,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Li Bosheng et al. 624</emphasis>
(PE00866297, PE00866298, PE01869745, PE01869746); 3700 m, 2 September 1980,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Plateau Exped. 14709</emphasis>
(PE00866299, PE00866300);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Nielamu County</emphasis>
: 3850 m, 17 July 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wei Lai et He Yi BNUXZ2016099</emphasis>
(BNU0027962); 3600 m, 2 August 2012,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Mu Xianyun 1174</emphasis>
(BJFC); 3015 m, 3 July 2012,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gao Lianming et al. GLM-123685</emphasis>
(KUN1241906); 17 August 2011,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Yu Shengxiang et al. 5620</emphasis>
(PE); 18 August 2011,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Yu Shengxiang et al. 5690</emphasis>
(PE); 3970 m, 18 August 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 1414</emphasis>
(PE01877046); 1 September 1981,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ni Zhicheng et al. 1902</emphasis>
(PE); 3400 m, 26 August 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet herbs Exped. 1496</emphasis>
(PE00866274, PE00866275, QTPMB30893, QTPMB80381); 3800 m, 2 September 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet herbs Exped. 1735</emphasis>
(PE00866272, PE00866273, QTPMB31233, QTPMB80851);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pulan County</emphasis>
: 4500 m, 24 August 1974,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Tibet Exped. 4177</emphasis>
(QTPMB40640);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Yadong County</emphasis>
: 3800 m, 9 August 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous 75-916</emphasis>
(PE00862011, PE00862012, PE00862013); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous 464</emphasis>
(P06392577); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
(PE00866303); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous 465</emphasis>
(P06392739); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hooker et Thomson s.n.</emphasis>
(P06392739);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Yunnan, Deqin County</emphasis>
: 2900 m, 1 August 1940,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Feng Guomei 5992</emphasis>
(KUN0437384, KUN0437385, KUN0437386); 3400 m, 8 November 1937,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">T.T.Yu 7919</emphasis>
(KUN0437382, PE00866269);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gongshan County</emphasis>
: 2800 m, August 1935,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wang Qiwu 65371</emphasis>
(PE00866286, PE 0866287);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">India. Gangharea</emphasis>
: 15 August 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous 6550</emphasis>
(PE01982606);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Sikkim</emphasis>
: without detailed date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hooker et Thomson s.n.</emphasis>
(P06392774); 22 August 1892,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gammie s.n.</emphasis>
(P06392778); without detailed locality, 17 August 1849,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Thomson s.n.</emphasis>
(K000739475, K000739476, K000739477, U1467473); without detailed locality, 5 October 1849,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Thomson s.n.</emphasis>
(K000739479, K000739480); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Thomson 145</emphasis>
(K000739482); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hooker et Thomson s.n.</emphasis>
(P05494790);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Nepal. Kumaon</emphasis>
: 3765 m, 28 August 1995,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F. Miyamoto et al. 9596508</emphasis>
(KUN0579660); without detailed date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wallich Cat. n. 1246b</emphasis>
(K000739481, K001112509, K001112511, P06392575, P06392576); without detailed locality and date,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Strachey et Winterbottom 1</emphasis>
(P06392775);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Central Asia.</emphasis>
Without detailed locality, 14 July 1909,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
(P06392740).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

88
data/55/03/B5/5503B59D0C5B77B9B4BE38CF4E749E3D.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
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<subSubSection pageNumber="569" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageNumber="569">
<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="927" title="Hesperis inodora" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum, ed. 2, 2" year="1763">
<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="927" year="1763">
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Hesperis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inodora">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="569">Hesperis inodora</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle>
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="569">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
, ed. 2, 2
</volumeTitle>
: 927. 1763
</treatmentCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="569" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="569">&quot;Habitat Wiennae, Monspelii.&quot; RCN: 4831.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="569" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="569">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611885308" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="841.4" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Ball in Cafferty &amp; Jarvis in
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="569">Taxon</emphasis>
51: 533. 2002):
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="569">Jacquin 67</emphasis>
, Herb. Linn. No. 841.4 (
<collectionCode>LINN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, see p. 213.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="569" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="569">
Current name:
<taxonomicName authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Hesperis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inodora">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="569">Hesperis inodora</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
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228
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.8209" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3cb31c1-d560-4e5f-9375-dfdb80666cec" ID-PMC="PMC4857031" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-586-95" ID-PubMed="27199609" ID-ZBK="D247100A63434E19BCDA93B8E3122D10" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-586-95" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 586" ModsDocTitle="Position of the dentifera-group in the Coronatella-branch and its relocation to a new genus: Magnospina gen. n. (Crustacea, Chydoridae, Aloninae)" checkinTime="1462414037231" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sousa, Francisco Diogo R., Elmoor-Loureiro, Lourdes Maria Abdu &amp; Santos, Sandro" docDate="2016" docId="5503D3F1FD838749A65E6E398540B9F8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 586: 95-119" docOrigin="ZooKeys 586" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.8209" docTitle="Magnospina dentifera Sars 1901, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="2926FFA5FFDEFFE5FFFADA64654B0A27" masterDocTitle="Position of the dentifera-group in the Coronatella-branch and its relocation to a new genus: Magnospina gen. n. (Crustacea, Chydoridae, Aloninae)" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1668163078065" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title>Position of the dentifera-group in the Coronatella-branch and its relocation to a new genus: Magnospina gen. n. (Crustacea, Chydoridae, Aloninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sousa, Francisco Diogo R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Elmoor-Loureiro, Lourdes Maria Abdu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santos, Sandro</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>586</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
<mods:end>119</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.8209</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.8209</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-586-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D247100A63434E19BCDA93B8E3122D10</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127892624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5503D3F1FD838749A65E6E398540B9F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5503D3F1FD838749A65E6E398540B9F8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Taxon classification Animalia Diplostraca Chydoridae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName authority="Sars, 1901" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1901" genus="Magnospina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnospina dentifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="dentifera">Magnospina dentifera (Sars, 1901)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="100">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1-7, 8-15, 16-26, 27-33
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alona dentifera" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifera">Alona dentifera</taxonomicName>
(Sars, 1901):
<bibRefCitation author="Sinev, AY" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" pagination="99 - 107" title="Morphology of a Neotropical cladoceran Alonadentifera (Sars, 1901), and its position within the Chydoridae Stebbing, 1902 (Branchiopoda: Anomoda)." volume="13" year="2004">Sinev et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 101, 103-104, figures 1-39;
<bibRefCitation author="Guentzel, AM" journalOrPublisher="Acta Limnolgica Brasiliensia" pageId="14" pageNumber="109" pagination="93 - 101" title="Influence of connectivity on Cladocera diversity in oxbow lakes in the Taquari River floodplain (MS, Brazil)." url="10.4322/actalb.02201012" volume="22" year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Güntzel">Guentzel</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 95, table 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Sousa, FDR" journalOrPublisher="Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" pagination="351 - 362" title="How many species of cladocerans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) are found in Brazilian Federal District?" url="10.1590/S2179-975X2013005000008" volume="24" year="2012">Sousa and Elmoor-Loureiro 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 356, table 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Debastiani-Junior, JR" journalOrPublisher="Nauplius" pageId="13" pageNumber="108" pagination="21 - 30" title="High taxonomic resolution as a determinant on finding new species and new record in the Rio de La Plata basin: a case on Chydoridae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera)." url="10.1590/S0104-64972015002301" volume="23" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Debastiani-Júnior">Debastiani-Junior</normalizedToken>
et al. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
: 24, table 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alona broaensis" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broaensis">Alona broaensis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura-Tundisi, T" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="109" pagination="327 - 329" title="Description of Alonabroaensis sp. n. (Crustacea: Cladocera)." url="10.1007/BF00026619" volume="113" year="1984">Matsumura-Tundisi and Smirnov 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 327-328, figures 15-21;
<bibRefCitation author="Guentzel, AM" journalOrPublisher="Acta Limnolgica Brasiliensia" pageId="14" pageNumber="109" pagination="93 - 101" title="Influence of connectivity on Cladocera diversity in oxbow lakes in the Taquari River floodplain (MS, Brazil)." url="10.4322/actalb.02201012" volume="22" year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Güntzel">Guentzel</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 95, table 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Debastiani-Junior, JR" journalOrPublisher="Nauplius" pageId="13" pageNumber="108" pagination="21 - 30" title="High taxonomic resolution as a determinant on finding new species and new record in the Rio de La Plata basin: a case on Chydoridae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera)." url="10.1590/S0104-64972015002301" volume="23" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Debastiani-Júnior">Debastiani-Junior</normalizedToken>
et al. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
: 24, table 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
&quot;neighborhood of
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo&quot;, State of
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Material type.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
Lectotype: Parthenogenetic ♀, ZMOU F12341a, selected by D. Frey. Paralectotype: 5 parthenogenetic ♀♀, ZMOU F12341b; 1 parthenogenetic ♀ F12341c; 4 parthenogenetic ♀♀, I instar juvenile ♀, ZMOU F12386g; 2 instar II juvenile ♀ ZMOU F12386q; 2 partenogenetic ♀♀, instar II juvenile #, ZMOU, slide
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="101" start="start">F</pageBreakToken>
9130; 6 parthenogenetic ♀♀, ephippial ♀, ZMOU, slide F9131; 2 parthenogenetic ♀♀, ephippial ♀, ZMOU, slide F9131.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
Nine parthenogenetic females and one adult male from Henrique pond,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brasília">Brasilia</normalizedToken>
National Park, Distrito Federal, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-15.6883335">15°41'18&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.940586">47°56'26.10&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), material collected by Grupo de Estudos de Ecossistemas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aquáticos">Aquaticos</normalizedToken>
(GEEA) in ix.2009 (FDRS048). One parthenogenetic female from Henrique pond,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brasília">Brasilia</normalizedToken>
National Park, Distrito Federal, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.687917">15°41'16.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.939503">47°56'22.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), material collected by Lourdes M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 27.v.2002 (FDRS049). One parthenogenetic female from Cabocla II pond, Campo de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Instrução">Instrucao</normalizedToken>
de Formosa,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-15.805834">15°48'21&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.28589">47°17'09.20&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), material collected by Grupo de Estudos de Ecossistemas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aquáticos">Aquaticos</normalizedToken>
(GEEA) on viii.2009 (FDRS050). Six adult parthenogenetic females and one juvenile from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baía">Baia</normalizedToken>
da
<normalizedToken originalValue="Célia">Celia</normalizedToken>
, Fazenda Nhumirim (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.990973">18°59'27.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.661392">56°39'41.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, material collected on 07.ix.2000 by
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valéria">Valeria</normalizedToken>
Barros. Four parthenogenetic females from Criminosa Pond (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.674665">21°40'28.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-57.89125">57°53'28.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
) identified as
<taxonomicName class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alona broaensis" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broaensis">Alona broaensis</taxonomicName>
, Porto Murtinho, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, material collected on 19.i.2010, leg Adriana Maria
<normalizedToken originalValue="Güntzel">Guentzel</normalizedToken>
(FDRS054). Two parthenogenetic females from Coqueiral Pond, Paranapanema River, Angatuba,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.489622">23°29'22.64&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-48.61851">48°37'6.65&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
). Material collected by Lourdes M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 30.v.2001 (CLLA063, 65-66). Two parthenogenetic females from Esquina, Middle
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
River, Argentina (30°00.54'59&quot;S;
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.547756">59°32'51.93&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
). Material collected by
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
Roberto Debastiani
<normalizedToken originalValue="Júnior">Junior</normalizedToken>
on 12.vi.2010 (FDRS052). Six parthenogenetic females from San Pedro, Lower
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
River, Argentina (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-30.680277">30°40'49&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.313557">59°18'48.80&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
). Material collected by
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
Roberto Debastiani
<normalizedToken originalValue="Júnior">Junior</normalizedToken>
on 14.vi.2010 (FDRS053). Three parthenogenetic females from Pimenteira pond, Mata da Pimenteira State Park, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-7.896933">7°53'48.96&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-38.30397">38°18'14.30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
). Material collected by Leidiane Pereira Diniz on 13.iv.2014 (FDRS407).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName genus="Magnospina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnospina dentifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="dentifera">Magnospina dentifera</taxonomicName>
comb. n. differs from
<taxonomicName genus="Magnospina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnospina siamensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="siamensis">Magnospina siamensis</taxonomicName>
comb. n. because it has a rounded and wide rostrum and main and lateral head pores are absent in adult. Apical spines of the antenna about two times shorter than the apical segments. On the limbs, the main differences are:
<taxonomicName genus="Magnospina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnospina dentifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="dentifera">Magnospina dentifera</taxonomicName>
comb. n. bears a rudimentary seta 1 on the IDL, setae 2-3 of IDL armed with at least seven denticles and the presence of one seta on the filter comb of limb V.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
Habitus ovoid, without dorsal keel, not compressed laterally, length 0.32-0.48 mm; eye and ocellus of different sizes. Head with rostrum wide, rounded, not pointed; head shield wide, with broadly rounded posterior margin, distance between mandibular articulations higher than length of its posterior portion, main head pores absent in adults, two or three connected main head pores in juveniles (Figures 8-9); lateral head pores absent. Labral keel wide, large and naked, apex not elongated (Figure 10). Carapace ornamentation slightly punctuated or not evident; ventral margin of carapace with a distinctive rounded angle at 1/3 of length; valves armed with 40-53 setae internally inserted at the valve ventral margin and differentiated in three groups, setae from anterior group markedly longer than median and posterior groups (Figures 1-6); posteroventral corner armed with 1-4 large denticles, broad at their
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="102" start="start">bases</pageBreakToken>
, protruding downwards, without setules between them (Figure 7). Antennule do not exceed the tip of the rostrum, nine apical aesthetascs of different lengths which do not exceed the length of the antennular body (Figure 11). Antenna with formula of antennal setae 003/113, spines 101/001; first segment of endopod and exopod elongated; weak setules or spicules on the segments; spine on the first segment of the endopod longer than second segment length; apical spines about two times shorter than the apical segments (Figure 12). Postabdomen narrowing distally, length about 1.3 times its height; preanal angle prominent; postanal margin about 1.5 times longer than the anal margin armed with 10-13 groups of denticles, 1-3 most distal denticle might be individualized; 8-10 lateral fascicles armed with weak setules (Figures 13-14). Postabdominal claw inserted on the projection of postabdomen, longer than anal margin; spinules on the ventral margin may be present; pecten of spinules on the internal and external face of the claw, base of claw armed with 1-5 long and strong spinules (Figures 14-15). Basal spine remarkably long, longer than 2/3 of postabdominal claw length, with spinules on the dorsal margin (Figures 14-15). Limb I with IDL (en 4) armed with one rudimentary seta (1) and two well-developed setae (2-3) which bears at least seven distinguishable denticles, basal denticles thick; seta (1) on endite 3 shorter than setae (a-c), setae (a-b) of different length, endite 3 with an element; endite 2 armed with three setae (d-f), element present; endite 1 with three setae (g-i) (Figures 16-19). Limb II without anterior soft setae; seta on the exopod short, slightly plumose; scrapers not specialized, but with some denticles, especially on scrapers 6-8; gnathobase armed with four elements, filter comb armed with seven setae, of which two are shorter than others (Figure 20). Limb III with six setae on the exopod, third and fourth setae long; third seta longer than the second seta; distal endite armed with three setae and one sensillum; gnathobase with three elements, filter comb with seven setae (Figures 21-22). Limb IV relatively short, six setae on the exopod; setae 1-2 of different lengths, flaming-torch setae on the distal endite not modified with weak setules; gnathobase armed with a setulated seta shorter than the length of endite itself, filter comb with five setae (Figures 23-26). Limb V relatively short, setae 3-4 of exopod similar in length; filter comb reduced with one short seta (Figures 25-26). Limb VI absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Ephippial female. Not studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Adult male. Habitus smaller than female (Figure 27). Postabdomen strongly narrowing distally. Postabdominal claw short and ticker than female (Figures 30-31). Basal spine about half-length of postabdominal claw, with tip forked (Figure 31). Limb I with two setae on the IDL (en4), setae armed with denticles; male seta with tip slightly curved; copulatory hook with one projection on the tip (Figures 32-33).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" type="description of adult male">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Description of adult male.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">
Habitus ovoid, smaller than that in female, length about 0.35 mm, maximum height in the middle of the body (Figure 27). Head with rostrum elongated, not blunt, main head pores absent (Figure 27). Carapace without ornamentations; ventral margin with a distinctive rounded angle at 1/2 of the margin length, margin armed with about 37 setae, posteroventral corner with two large denticles, broad at their bases, without setules between them (Figure 27). Antennule not exceeding the tip of rostrum, about 2.5 times as long as it is wide, with three rows
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="103" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
short setules on body antennular; eleven aesthetascs, two lateral and nine apical ones. Sensory seta and male seta not studied (Figures 27-28). Antenna as described for females, however, apical spines relatively longer (Figure 29). Postabdomen as long as in female, strongly narrowing distally. Anal margin shorter than postanal margin; 12 rows of thin setules on the anal and postanal margin; eight lateral fascicles with weak setules of which do not exceed postanal margin (Figure 30). Postabdominal claw smaller and more robust as comapared with female, base armed with long and strong spinule, pecten armed with strong spinules at the median portion of the claw (Figures 30-31). Basal spine long, about half-length of postabdominal claw, with a forked tip, ventral margin armed with spinules (Figure 31). Limb I with copulatory hook curved, U-shaped, projection at the tip present, copulatory brush seta shorter than male seta on IDL (en4), the latter armed with three setae; male setae thick with tip slightly curved; setae 2-3 armed with proximal denticles (as observed in female); ODL seta longer than IDL setae (Figures 32-33).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
Neotropics, from Southern U.S.A to Argentina (
<bibRefCitation author="Sinev, AY" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="16" pageNumber="111" pagination="99 - 107" title="Morphology of a Neotropical cladoceran Alonadentifera (Sars, 1901), and its position within the Chydoridae Stebbing, 1902 (Branchiopoda: Anomoda)." volume="13" year="2004">Sinev et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="CE76C4542F31FEB056E707261A616AE7">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 2. Nymphaceae bis Primulaceae (2 nd edition) (p. 956): Cruciferae</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="A549B3C0DAA27B1BDA627A036248B714" authority="(L.) DC." class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Diplotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<pageBreakToken id="6EF694AB045C16A4964155D309A1949D" pageId="null" pageNumber="193" start="start">Diplotaxis</pageBreakToken>
tenuifolia (
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) DC.
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<subSubSection id="29AC79D58EAA8D34636FD78D3DF4C029" pageId="null" pageNumber="193" type="vernacular_names">
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<normalizedToken id="C2A6C6DFEDAEB11D23C72E4B42EB5BD6" originalValue="Feinblättriger" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Feinblaettriger</normalizedToken>
Doppelsame
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<paragraph id="77E9A26E56F9773B71022F11EE9EB054" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">
Ausdauernd, mit Pfahlwurzel; 30-60 cm hoch. Stengel am Grunde verholzt, aufrecht oder am Grunde aufsteigend, meist verzweigt, kahl oder besonders unten abstehend behaart (Haare ca. 1 mm lang).
<normalizedToken id="C127FEAB5FF778C1CC4D619CFCBDDD7F" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
am Grunde und am Stengel (
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) gestielt oder (im obern Teil des Stengels) sitzend, meist kahl, tief fiederteilig oder die obern gelegentlich
<pageBreakToken id="CEC7EA2C15497642FCA8ADEF9106B767" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">ungeteilt</pageBreakToken>
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<normalizedToken id="2ABB360991E9C3329D0524824C46E623" originalValue="schräg" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">schraeg</normalizedToken>
nach vorn gerichtet, meist mindestens 4mal so lang wie breit.
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<normalizedToken id="E0F7B280B45CAB6C275F007A18016DC8" originalValue="Blütenstiele" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Bluetenstiele</normalizedToken>
1-2mal so lang wie der Kelch.
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<normalizedToken id="BE9733F9ABFB68379DE4CBA3EDE9469C" originalValue="±" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">+/-</normalizedToken>
abstehend, 4-5 mm lang, kahl.
<emphasis id="BA94039B1215F42ECEDABB5D8B631946" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">
<normalizedToken id="95FF5D9BF29592650D4F9FCE40328DEC" originalValue="Kronblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Kronblaetter</normalizedToken>
kurz gestielt, 8
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-
<emphasis id="7F030D70CDB579045C15CB3F18D3018D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">14 mm lang</emphasis>
, schwefelgelb. Fruchtstiele 1-3 cm lang.
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aufrecht abstehend, 2-6 cm lang und 1,5-2 mm dick, mit 1,5-2,5 mm langem Schnabel. Samen 1-1,3 mm lang. -
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:
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bis Herbst.
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<paragraph id="284C80D11CB569915318810938766985" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="91C6459895CB87459B28E8C34D2F3B9B" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
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Material aus
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(Manton 1932), aus dem Mittelmeergebiet und aus Norddeutschland (
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1951), aus Kanada (Mulligan 1959), aus den Niederlanden (Gadella und Kliphuis 1968); weitere Autoren bei
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und
<normalizedToken id="28969400E93997C0C9DB3D733005DC30" originalValue="Löve" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Loeve</normalizedToken>
(1961).
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<emphasis id="DFEDA36B3A6ED3E0FAC2B2B66067FFD6" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Standort.</emphasis>
Kollin, seltener montan. Lockere,
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, oft sandige
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in
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Lagen.
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,
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, Bahnareale, Mauern.
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<emphasis id="9E09038AC4B6AAB88987E4A66F28A07E" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Verbreitung.</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="6354E7549EF82B7007E179CB86581FEA" originalValue="Ursprünglich" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">Urspruenglich</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="4052CEC0500A7187D7A2841C140DF944" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">mediterrane Pflanze</emphasis>
, heute
<normalizedToken id="F345F9D2A34D2E9C0002DF91C681CF55" originalValue="über" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">ueber</normalizedToken>
weite Gebiete der Erde verschleppt. Verbreitungskarte von Meusel et al. (1965). - Im Gebiet besonders in den
<normalizedToken id="16EF9EF993708D3A7AC90F3FD6F8B913" originalValue="wärmeren" pageId="null" pageNumber="193">waermeren</normalizedToken>
Gegenden ziemlich
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, sonst selten und
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.
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.277.3594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4370703-19bb-4809-9e86-c4fcb410964c" ID-PMC="PMC3677373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-277-69" ID-PubMed="23794824" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-277-69" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 277" ModsDocTitle="Two sympatric new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from Cordillera Azul National Park in northeastern Peru" checkinTime="1451247556685" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Venegas, Pablo J., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Duran, Vilma &amp; Queiroz, Kevin de" docDate="2013" docId="55048C72369F5C621DAC379D23A59E0E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 277: 69-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 277" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.277.3594" docTitle="Enyalioides azulae Venegas, Torres-Carvajal, Duran &amp; Queiroz, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFB68F4D5E1E0521FFC7E22BFFB77E0D" masterDocTitle="Two sympatric new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from Cordillera Azul National Park in northeastern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="69" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668155493910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Two sympatric new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from Cordillera Azul National Park in northeastern Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Duran, Vilma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Queiroz, Kevin de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>277</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.277.3594</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.277.3594</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-277-69</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152041610" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FADE520D-B1C5-4C5A-A54D-6E8A682E1E29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55048C72369F5C621DAC379D23A59E0E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="2" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FADE520D-B1C5-4C5A-A54D-6E8A682E1E29" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="71">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="71">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="71">
CORBIDI 06772 (Fig. 1), an adult male from Chambirillo close to Checkpoint 16 of the CAZNP (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-7.069139">07°04'8.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.01422">76°00'51.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1122 m), Provincia de Picota,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
, collected on 1 May 2010 by P. J. Venegas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="71" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="71">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="71">CORBIDI 8825, 8826, adult females collected on 30 October 2010 by P. J. Venegas; CORBIDI 08786, 08790, 08791, adult male, juvenile female, and juvenile male, respectively, collected on 21 January 2011 by P. J. Venegas and V. Duran; CORBIDI 09213, 09214, juvenile male and female, respectively, collected on 8 May 2011 by P. J. Venegas and V. Duran. All paratypes are from the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="2" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other species of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Enyalioides</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides microlepis" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">Enyalioides microlepis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides cofanorum" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cofanorum">Enyalioides cofanorum</taxonomicName>
, by the combination of the following characters: (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) more than 37 longitudinal rows of dorsals in a transverse line between the dorsolateral crests at midbody; and (3) absence of superciliary flaps projecting over each orbit (present only in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides palpebralis" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palpebralis">Enyalioides palpebralis</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides cofanorum" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cofanorum">Enyalioides cofanorum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides microlepis" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">Enyalioides microlepis</taxonomicName>
in having more gulars (45-57, mean = 51.13
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.05, versus 34-41, mean = 36.13
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.00 in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides cofanorum" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cofanorum">Enyalioides cofanorum</taxonomicName>
and 34-49, mean = 37.88
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.44 in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides microlepis" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">Enyalioides microlepis</taxonomicName>
), a smaller body size (maximum SVL = 96 mm in both males and females, versus 107 mm in males and 109 mm in females of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides cofanorum" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cofanorum">Enyalioides cofanorum</taxonomicName>
, and 127 mm in males and 116 mm in females of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides microlepis" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">Enyalioides microlepis</taxonomicName>
), a lower vertebral crest on the neck, a narrower snout in dorsal view, and in lacking blue on the gular region in males. Additionally,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
has a marked sexual dichromatism, with males having greenish and females brownish background coloration (Fig. 2), whereas the other two species have brownish background coloration in both sexes.
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
further
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="72" start="start">differs</pageBreakToken>
from
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides cofanorum" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cofanorum">Enyalioides cofanorum</taxonomicName>
in lacking scattered enlarged scales on the dorsum, well-developed dorsolateral crests between the hind limbs, and a dark gular patch in females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="72">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="72">
Male (Fig. 1); SVL = 96 mm; TL = 140 mm; maximum head width = 21.28 mm; head length = 26.35 mm; head height = 17.95 mm; dorsal head scales uni- or multicarinate, those on parietal region projected dorsally; parietal eye present; scales immediately posterior to superciliares conical and as dorsally projected as adjacent parietals and temporals; temporal scales small, granular and multicarinate; one enlarged pretympanic scale; 14 superciliares; six canthals; five postrostrals; 11 (left or right) supralabials counted to a point below middle of eye; rostral (2.57
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.16 mm) about twice as wide as adjacent supralabials; two longitudinal rows of lorilabials between suboculars and supralabials at level of middle of eye, 3-4 longitudinal rows of lorilabials anterior to this point; loreal region broken into small, multicarinate, and juxtaposed scales; nasal at level of supralabials
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
; 10 (left or right) infralabials counted to a point right below middle of eye; mental (2.51
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.53 mm) wider and longer than adjacent infralabials; two postmentals; gulars ventrally projected; gular fold complete midventrally, extending dorsally and posteriorly to form antehumeral fold; neck with several oblique folds and a dorsolateral row of enlarged scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="3" pageNumber="72">
Vertebral crest not strongly projected, with vertebrals on neck similar in size to those between hind limbs; crest bifurcates posteriorly and extends onto tail less than
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
its length; body flanks between fore and hind limbs without folds; irregular dorsolateral row of 1-2 keeled, enlarged scales (i.e., approximately twice as large as adjacent scales); dorsal scales between dorsolateral scale rows and vertebral crest small, keeled and subimbricate towards vertebral crest, granular towards dorsolateral scale rows;
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="73" start="start">scales</pageBreakToken>
on flanks similar in size to lateralmost dorsal scales; ventral scales subimbricate, keeled, subrectangular, with a posterolateral mucron; ventrals more than twice the length of dorsals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
Limb scales keeled and imbricate dorsally and ventrally; scales on dorsal and posterior aspects of thighs keeled and imbricate, with most scales less than half the size of those on anterior and ventral aspects; 19 subdigitals on manual digit
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="74" start="start">IV</pageBreakToken>
; 26 subdigitals on pedal digit IV; one femoral pore on each side; tail laterally compressed and gradually decreasing in relative height towards tip; caudal scales strongly keeled and imbricate, moderately increasing in size posteriorly on lateral and dorsal aspects of each autotomic segment; ventral caudals larger than dorsal caudals, with individual vertebral segments three scales long ventrally and six scales long dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
Color in life of holotype (Fig. 1). Dorsal surface of head dark brown with light green flecks; lateral surface of head green with lorilabial and pretympanic regions turquoise and a black narrow supratemporal stripe; a black oblique stripe extending from
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="75" start="start">eye</pageBreakToken>
to commisure of the mouth; an orange cream oblique stripe on suboculars, posterior labials and adjacent gulars; labials cream; rostral and mental light green; wide, cream longitudinal stripe extending from above tympanum to scapular region; gular region dirty cream with dark spots and flecks; dark brown patch on medial aspect of gular fold; dorsal background green with diffuse, transverse dark brown bars on body, limbs, and tail; flanks covered with dark brown reticulations; ventral surface of body, limbs and tail tan with diffuse darker brown spots on thighs; iris reddish copper with a fine golden ring around the pupil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="6" pageNumber="75" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="75">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="75">
Meristic and morphometric characters of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
are summarized in Table 1. Male paratypes (CORBIDI 08786, 09213) are very similar in coloration to the holotype (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
). The dark patch on the gular region of adult males is also present in juvenile male specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">
Adult (CORBIDI 08825-08826) and juvenile (CORBIDI 08791, 09214) females share similar color patterns (Figs. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
, 4): head brown with a narrow dark brown supratemporal stripe; broad subocular dark stripe extending from eye to commisure of mouth, with a parallel, conspicuous white or cream stripe immediately anterior to it; pale, wide longitudinal stripe extending from tympanum to scapular region; gular region pale brown without dark markings, or white with faint reddish brown reticulation as in specimen CORBIDI 08826; dorsal background light brown, with a greenish tone in CORBIDI 08826 (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
) and coppery tone in CORBIDI 09214
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="76" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Fig. 4E); transverse dark brown bars on dorsal aspect of body, limbs, and tail; ventral surface of body, limbs and tail light brown (CORBIDI 08825; Fig. 4B) or white (CORBIDI 08826; Fig. 4F); iris reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="77" start="start">Although</pageBreakToken>
this species seems to have a marked sexual dichromatism in background colors (green in males, brown in females, see Fig. 2), one male specimen (the holotype) exhibited metachromatism consisting of dark brown tones being replaced by green tones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
is known only from its type locality in the montane rainforest of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huallaga basin (Fig. 5) in northeastern Peru at an elevation of 1100 m. This locality lies within the CAZNP, on a mountain ridge between the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
Loreto (Fig. 6). Seven of the eight individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
reported in this paper were collected at night sleeping on low vertical stems of bushes 15-80 cm above the ground. One adult male (the holotype) was collected during the day on a narrow trail after a rain; when approached, it fled and hid under a fallen log. This species is found in sympatry and possibly syntopy with
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides binzayedi" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binzayedi">Enyalioides binzayedi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (see below) and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides laticeps" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">Enyalioides laticeps</taxonomicName>
. The smallest individuals (CORBIDI 08790-08791, SVL = 61 and 62 mm, respectively) were collected in January. Other species of squamate reptiles collected at the same locality include
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alopoglossus angulatus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angulatus">Alopoglossus angulatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fuscoauratus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscoauratus">Anolis fuscoauratus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis transversalis" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversalis">Anolis transversalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cercosaura manicata" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manicata">Cercosaura manicata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamites ecpleopus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecpleopus">Potamites ecpleopus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamites strangulatus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strangulatus">Potamites strangulatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamites" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamites</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius fuscus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">Chironius fuscus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas indica" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indica">Dipsas indica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Imantodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imantodes cenchoa" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchoa">Imantodes cenchoa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Imantodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imantodes lentiferus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentiferus">Imantodes lentiferus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurus obscurus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">Micrurus obscurus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Oxyrhopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyrhopus petola" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petola">Oxyrhopus petola</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Xenopholis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenopholis scalaris" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">Xenopholis scalaris</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">The specific epithet is a noun derived from the Spanish word &quot;azul&quot; (blue) in the genitive case; it refers to the Cordillera Azul, the mountain range after which the National Park where this species was discovered is named. Although the word &quot;azul&quot; in &quot;Cordillera Azul&quot; is an adjective, and the Spanish noun &quot;azul&quot; is masculine, we are here treating &quot;azulae&quot; as a feminine noun that is an abbreviation for &quot;Cordillera Azul&quot; and is therefore to be interpreted as meaning &quot;of the [Cordillera] Azul.&quot;</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
Figure 1. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (CORBIDI 06772, adult male, SVL = 96 mm). Top: lateral view; middle: close-up of head; bottom: ventral view. Photographs by P.J. Venegas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
Figure 2. Male (top, CORBIDI 09213) and female (bottom, CORBIDI 09214) of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enyalioides azulae" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">Enyalioides azulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Photograph by P.J. Venegas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
Figure 3. Adult male (A, B, C CORBIDI 08786), juvenile male (D CORBIDI 09213), and adult female (E, F CORBIDI 08826) of
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. Photographs by P.J. Venegas.
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="77">
Figure 4. Adult (A, B, C CORBIDI 08825) and juvenile (D CORBIDI 08791 E, F CORBIDI 09214) females of
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. Photographs by P.J. Venegas.
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142
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="375KZ" LSID="5268840D-2DAD-5935-9874-60B9BE92DAA9" authority="Gupta &amp; Tikar" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Tikar" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dolichomitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichomitus khasianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">Dolichomitus khasianus Gupta &amp; Tikar</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dolichomitus species of the Dolichomitus mandibularis group: a-d, f, h D. flavicrus sp n. (paratype) e D. khasianus (Holotype) g D. mandibularis a head in frontal aspect b propodeum in dorsal aspect c fore femur in posterior aspect d, e first metasomal tergite in dorsal aspect f, g first to third metasomal segments in ventral aspect h ovipositor tip in lateral aspect. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, b, c, h); 1 mm (d, e, f, g)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23559.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187591" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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1e
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gupta &amp; Tikar" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dolichomitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichomitus khasianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
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khasianus
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Gupta &amp; Tikar, 1976: 64.
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</paragraph>
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This species is closely related to
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sp. n. Fore and mid coxae black, femora, tibiae and tarsi of mid and hind legs entirely concolorous yellow to reddish yellow, underside of metasoma including mesosternum and membranous area between sclerites entirely blackish in these species. However this species can be distinguished from the latter by the lack of a dark stripe on the posterior surface of the fore femur and by fine and dense transverse striations on the antero-median part of the first metasomal tergite (Fig.
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This species was described based on a single female from India. Sheng &amp; Sun (2010) recorded
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Length.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fore wing 25 mm, ovipositor sheath 95 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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Art ISFS: 447700 Checklist: 1049880
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<emphasis id="97934AB2EEAF4F1022F28EBA7C627BF8" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="99CF6DDF1C47E09E823E747F942203EF" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 6-8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB869230F6D24597369F7F0CDCC7FAC5">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="2E924B8199330651CEC527B4B469D499" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="83BD024175C6CF872892E0E4EC153E42" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="B096533A755AB36AC5BA1855741FDDD9" originalValue="Wälder">Waelder</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="612BB5BA7B3AC7AFC123F96277D96746" originalValue="Gebüsche">Gebuesche</normalizedToken>
/ (kollin-)montan-subalpin / AN, GR, westliches VS, JN, selten M und TI. (
<normalizedToken id="9C6D0B821E7E4B0D16FB1F8F58EF1CF8" originalValue="Salève">Saleve</normalizedToken>
, Reculet)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA5A01188AFD91E57DAAA09300F7FE1D" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BB42907EA680770BE222B4588DE4F4F2">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="37A78B60C91AF2F1B633C8DA746A5102" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="40A2CD3591CFC8ACA3DBFED0D198BA79" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Eurosibirisch
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90CA98F1A2D6ED85E4C0E384CB1C94DD" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1DFFB13B5B386D1A7148BB4E8C0478C3">
<normalizedToken id="549EED48F59011497705D790A1EF0566" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="84FC67D0CE1E02530A6042273CFBCC2F" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="842DE8B9F48EE900D3B57FB11AE7818D" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
3 + w43-32 + 4.h.li.2n=14
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D17AD574980FD9B68C5C4923B43DEFBC" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="AA01C7204EA374BB7C44E47D986F6142">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="546DE0F1B2C33525CD1E33ADC43B5A5A" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="96B9247D54C1DD26743CA7D823D08188">
<heading id="B8704CD1877F4BB8A8A506B160778908">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="ABDF2C8B226ACCE1570856878FC3C3E3" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F921264FECD52303C97B5531588AD2CA" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="CE081A4D090A1CF8C54B9506A8277E13">
<heading id="26400EBF5FD289F3B532BA8D20CC636F">
<normalizedToken id="5734EC87BF2EC16212C05C86FFDE972C" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B90E45E1989C23F25DBB78059A6BA32">
Lebensform
<normalizedToken id="A26E743114A622A15D8CBD232DD04EF8" originalValue="Mehrjähriger">Mehrjaehriger</normalizedToken>
Hemikryptophyt, Liane
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167E8FA3E204A56AF98906CF06834927">
<heading id="09BD21DA2C88516B782BDA508A0BECB3">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="928EF9FBC19B525C40D2BEAFA5621285" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F4837077E16C1714ECE1675BC0DD21D">
<table id="958572FFF1A7B08C355AD3DC981760B7" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="744EFE770DBEDCD8AA79E835A239D821">
<tr id="AACB407A1D88782FB148A2C3AB30AFD7">
<td id="F45F0918ADA955C2215AD3679023F650">
5.1.2 - Mesophiler Krautsaum (
<emphasis id="DA069A9DC5C19B6C8134E832EE3852C9" italics="true">Trifolion medii</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5151FF79BD39658CE447ECFB70EECDE">
<tableNote id="58CAA461139BF07FE803812B4661E914">
<emphasis id="E7E775D5058E245E2700A80DC78D65F7" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8FA112B832B2B4FD70342D2E79CA6509" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="318782E7EBC72089AB7381829C88AD0C" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DC2899ED1D002BFCC12281A6172F5C9F" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9A7C8E12519C549D665164AE03E4CB7C" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D26E5B2B8D11514DF2B620DBF2ED09FF" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="73179B4E299D12D4B83C290DF2DFE7BF">
<normalizedToken id="F378DAE146739FB7D80934F427B8EB66" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="AAC4F0A0B1CC7D3E5D493D4F01790F14" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B958D92A59414BC7A0CF4B7F0F865E4">
<table id="E3960C091F8BA9361F0DCCD1CFFA0885" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="E170801F17FCFEFFCB3406EB0FC2C7E1">
<tr id="CB1D2F615C6DCBEE5C25663F27AB2E41">
<th id="5EE1E07E5DEF6435DD2AD981AB804884" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="9181E737D4E6DD0DCE4ED86CE7A28A3E" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="1C906BEFB6730BAE217E4164DF31E0E2" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="97DA318E99E15C5D37F53A690EC0B342" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="994C079856B57A6F7E5DF80164581C0F" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="AED629A456412797E25353BE73C9272E" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="263308A5CDDF6DE3404FCB870C883AF2">
<td id="7E975DA0D9398D35150CD9E5FCA51FA9">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="1096F0CC363CA21F31F796D3FA9448FC" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
feucht; Feuchtigkeit
<normalizedToken id="F0E2333536940969F04D37F465C81E19" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
wechselnd (
<normalizedToken id="52A3A45154DBF0B962D45617CC6BFEA9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1-2 Stufen)
</td>
<td id="B688003EBDDB5A155274D57AEAB2ABF5">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="03D65E77087E1536660AED31268A8EDB" style="text-align:left;width:60px">halbschattig</td>
<td id="4117BC4B495CD6EAB23A119460A30C62">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="0228E966A8FAA406122C74B65221BC08" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C9CE7023A6213A8B165F672F9469DC2F">
<td id="8D0BDE8C37FA011B0B1022B9DED3D235">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="3ED9C83615BB49CE93DD6F86FC4EDD1D" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="CB1DF4648422630F9E9D2435791A62D4">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="2FCA6F0B2AFF060EFB9BB7CF0F3A6980" style="text-align:left">unter-subalpin und ober-montan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="73AD9EC09F982FE3BDA5FC3F6652DF62">
<td id="12581499829D578EA0A99F1ED1E84D2F">
<normalizedToken id="14FD86804AF3404919C33DDA57686FEF" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="7869479B18A15CF65FFFB1796B4800CE" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="B0459DB7358BD68EB135B58F832EA266" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="105785D53BD7CCE152B93526D1038467" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="A47ED553342B560D51C557AB394BCFB5" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="887D284C6010167AD3E2DF25DD255657" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="20F4B928CF31083FDBAD883D5EDB53C8">
<normalizedToken id="AF081075504D2E3AC2BCE3E75DE44395" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="98987780C9037C554D8591BB85ABF551" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="670C3B5581D033A82A8CD931F0960E46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="EF12190D7DF64E74E2315F6A8F191A6F">
<heading id="4BDA9F96890F5D3FB8ED1E36B8C327A7">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58A1EE5F3E916376C9D5D06E0B9FA71B">
<treatmentCitation id="53533798E1D8A1239BF425732C322EEB">
<heading id="1BA0FB93F188D75DABA6BEE8445AFA51">
<normalizedToken id="25B577C70537E64746CB3893C7F7A279" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="2F274DED78C27A4C2320815CF595AEA7" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="42497852F98083461F02077A2E1181C4" ID-CoL="5BCX6" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis id="F3574CA9283193D737A3E3C938EEFFEF" italics="true">Vicia sylvatica</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D9E4677F29EC342E5AF3D114EE32C53" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="F94AC74EE923229E571EB156B6D32918">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="D3B39A294874C0C8531E30B88FB7445F" language="deu">Wald-Wicke</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="6EF87A1E02DFD2B0BB321BB9B98F2589" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="D491AAEC6DDED9C4A16AA174AC215DE4" language="fra">Vesce des bois</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="4023B357969D736E5C164241865E7D6A" language="ita">Veccia silvana</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60299C6D325421E5DBC1A29E7758855C" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8A519432199B6BC1AC47C95D002D33E1">
<normalizedToken id="A98575454016251076537B66743E2CF6" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C0B807F241D91F08A9EA6988B9D7654">
<table id="704288AAC44057D6FCC0B48CD1961521" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="6ECFEBB642D0E00A175E2D5037A8DD80">
<tr id="294FF82181C0E30B801149531B61AD6A">
<th id="D4D7C8762B9551DD3550F11F9BED5D5C" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="0FEA3211D032B76AAD30309D3251AAB2">Nom</th>
<th id="D3951F83F6AF7989BFDA52F41D9940DC">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="B7E7925B479D164EB4E7B3485A72CFB0" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E3FB93283D5197A5BF24CDE88C01CE80">
<td id="1189D4213E9543F4233758BD45D072B6" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="54B7F1F35C5A1C1C5D26D27EA0DC1C5C">
<taxonomicName id="31174CE76BD6F3B0CF27711957E88D15" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="163B70D0BE0C528283BDC07E13816009">
<treatmentCitation id="36006EC7EC202C06C1583A815DB2667A">
<bibRefCitation id="A86A8877FD6CEA6EFD3EA57646DB3D6D" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="EFEB13F57332C7632B9F05E28F4C44C3">447700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7F8B199470CD628E452BB2B9740ECD9F">
<td id="B4E0076E110FFA46CD368A914F82955D" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="D0C88163538F80AD7717D39FFB750894">
<taxonomicName id="0D0C04CDEAD9B23B6F77D777C73B74A9" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="7F7F6FCA309F227A7A48E648C39C98D5">
<treatmentCitation id="D530A18B5957274FC741BED122A52AE0">
<bibRefCitation id="D78FF6A0CCA70AB0DC14D36EA54F4238">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="61318F1134820C50017D8675CD99CAA1">1207</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4829295BA522333DF2A1BD14C486F195">
<td id="10E236EAC83F8E835375BF4F826D5D8F" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="4E0A17F0541625454B876C1464B524B1">
<taxonomicName id="6A05C2EB1AB3767A0467EC4257C380FF" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="F77D247F2043ECD876F8F653164B453E">
<treatmentCitation id="50F43516B1DBCA2E6240E4E6F14FBB5B">
<bibRefCitation id="38F6C71A7706061498A151ADF1926E43">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="0B5826C62CEE337147FF962ACF24034A">567</td>
</tr>
<tr id="178E8DC5D4A409FBCB1BC85C5EDC25A2">
<td id="08CE86FBD74BBA4B6E4B32A4094E2193" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="104F5828E158FCC95CA3442F09C7701D">
<taxonomicName id="78A2A4CACD7850F181C487BFAB593517" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="268C16610887FDA34C68A2BE68CBD43C">
<treatmentCitation id="3D995A23876908B9BA844DF750655651" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E59BAD0CAA26D0CDCF72FB611A1206FC">
<bibRefCitation id="A24959076F4C049C7B23B5A322E20412">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="4C55A78AFF3E2D47D4442DDAF7A98741">567</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A70E2B0CFDEA02CA42FB73E59DD0C765">
<td id="135094C3502C420A32BA389630671CB8" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="F7A867AAFF10CBCD7FCAFAB56A7A5434">
<taxonomicName id="6B60A01FF91AE76DEFCD80C592C43624" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6F13486DE1ED0DDC1FC724FCC9695A2B">
<treatmentCitation id="5E46211A4D299A2B658A1DF05AC99648">
<bibRefCitation id="F69833F9625D7C869041B753197D0FE2">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="1119A428EC0A854C52947F4E32C914D2">447700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CEFF87443DC79846553C58E984D3749F">
<td id="04A8B288CD92707E99DEDDF9778E0F8B" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="CFAF7FFDB1A62E433A1E94E04E64D421">
<taxonomicName id="9A5DDB56F181187C6B9A69F79CFF68C3" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6124473DB46499DD95D5BD8C178377FD">
<treatmentCitation id="0F837ABC4A7BF049288159813457A9B6">
<bibRefCitation id="347E5EABF9DCD9B93518F4BE8F22090A">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="6B0F95CE2324CB9D5255C12FB96735A6">1830</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93379F4B815E5399249EE335CDE541D9">
<td id="30EB5D0FCEFD4F4336F6441D589956C1" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="EC8F28916FE82C7075CC87D286C4B0C1">
<taxonomicName id="9DE8BA22809974880FDB2619BA7D0523" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="00DC3496F5CDD53145539951CFA6E3C2">
<treatmentCitation id="A085FA4424320F5A51AC28E3975F60A4">
<bibRefCitation id="7265533B7F8F4CE208EEBBE69B74A738">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="F144F13C70DDE8B1CEE9287B61C38105">1513</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EFB80FC58033418A202943CD25DD6F75">
<td id="A9DA8EFB8D268194AEDBE743D2907937" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="DD19096A4ED644F4EA1D4A43F880CB92">
<taxonomicName id="D22C56FA5F98FD35122207BF6BFCABCF" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="2826101B78A762BB9014AFBE238CA221">
<treatmentCitation id="D43C9DF95D2893B371C79451EBBF2D2D">
<bibRefCitation id="FC802AC9856DE305ADEEADC5596CACDC">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="FEDD730701F47B23C91013F4CF737971">447700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="77602C4D96414C6BF3890F2683715EF8">
<td id="90A8AF39F851060B549D616D626AA9BB" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="2557BCFD2A03E83776D73152FDEF46EB">
<taxonomicName id="5F51E1F3F651A1554BC56D8D08388814" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Vicia sylvatica L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="64B14F2F9F12D2F517F73F000476E169">
<treatmentCitation id="032623336F3E71D97E778F31989D73C4">
<bibRefCitation id="EB91B16227193C20E39A99B5361199F3">Welten &amp; Sutter 1982</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="255744D8BFDF9EF59D26456753A487E5">823</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE328CBD683EAB5D654D5E61CF75B646">
<tableNote id="FBFE7B9CA4C387BBC2A8D14C463FE296">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="A038EE45EC8EF5DC17BF5B9C3B4E3A4C" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC4CAB7F8D787F27E3611FF07A9C986A" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="EB22B80EFF9886C6BD97C7BBA25E9B06" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="D0CA95751FD4DFA59A7E49C86722213B" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="AE417E4B088CBE2DC759A5E27C490333" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3C0CDFA1F6E4C27381E8376842F1340" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="9A39723B67135B304527753AB36CE4D1">
<heading id="CF2C633D5E1DEA6F95070EAE48B7BF4D">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DEC862A9ED03F4CD99635AE70D593716">
<emphasis id="638FDA68C7DC918E752A3093CD1BC2E5" bold="true">
<heading id="366959CCC8A0B65083FB165350BEACE0">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="F75DE362A5F6841BB279BF10BECF4F5B" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="44ABA1ED4DBFF4EE288E7153BA1F104C" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE613E192CB6349832CC43FB7B5917E0">
<heading id="E4BDD9EAB6CECCCE0C5B59C6917C2FBC">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97F3A9FB963111AD271E2C88EB4391CC">
<heading id="801E400800F7E938D41B880D49ADAEB2">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="6C77DD5FD8041D78BA390BFB42351D3D" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9208F325BABE6495DD8EB338573F571">
<heading id="231B69E174ED3CF817F42688352FD309">
<normalizedToken id="522DF3B6CC8ED9493FC2AFC9B3239C7F" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: --
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08DFB2B52B486C82F5F1B96E77EDF505">
<heading id="BAC9DC6CE8CCCC8BF517F6762FF9F0F4">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1DB59EC8175465006DDB53A92643DA1">
<table id="6B5EAD57C4C63BE542008F3C240D6EA0" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="1DCCC9AC711D88250135DF4B5F708BD7">
<tr id="18CC98B77B35DEC0977E4E7087EF4D00">
<th id="68E5BE5DB260850122928F84C5A0A869">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="88BA2394EC9D4CB28052D06604E17C12">Status</th>
<th id="D1E3F6CE67DFAFEA58757F2F7B222181">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="4FAE1AB3983649B45FEBC0D2A0BFADED">
<td id="BE676F482CB3ACCC77965E19E5DA7991" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="81E7FD0BAF2EC6ED0C5EFADC66814A3F">
potenziell
<normalizedToken id="2690CC93C54694692AC122E3689B269C" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Near Threatened)
</td>
<td id="8FF920A7C351E5080C5D16E77C66688D">A4c</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50DFDBFCF406586082274B80AE7F1EC0">
<td id="C83416FBB218852A822F3B1058C12E57" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="87574D40330E74464C4182EDC56CEF25">verletzlich (Vulnerable)</td>
<td id="35C815B2AD19356F0CB2435B066E2E05">A4c</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9EEB0B7253A258D3A12F611C18B49A30">
<td id="D6AF68EC80DC8609275F969DA9E4A3AA" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="6A26D9D744973E2849A13A139CE0BA17">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="615E33F07B1513E7D24F3D0BB7F4ACA3" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="701D19B080A34A1EEA3A313ABD9AA4C4">
<td id="133605579140D5F68B4B0D908F22D6FF" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="80A5DE00E58637B61C8505E8DEBE8E06" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="40B803A4A8A379F5E0D706C864ABA5C1">verletzlich (Vulnerable)</td>
<td id="FECBB23AF51FEC94DE634E17818EE524">D2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A086B75520B1DDDC284728B5B629E6F3">
<td id="FA8FB8F3C166A99000FE14585F0A6AB6" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="8A1BB76500D8F2DA1FDA6428B0DCF894" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="72E407770443C35F80490DEE086CBBDA">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="A152BD446AA796E385D074DC3F9B5950" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="58F96361244E1049EBF6DE2EDEC84FB9">
<td id="A7AAE544316531D4ED8CBB48B0662211" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="2DBDC71C277677F94B001BFF72D12465">
potenziell
<normalizedToken id="6C522075B802232B5BB96B2422984567" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Near Threatened)
</td>
<td id="52AE525FD480526022A70EA09DBF9806">A4c</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13F61CFA76744D527271A39F2EC5B1BD">
<heading id="66E88B98847C82A78A035699E45E2B5B">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="315429D3C7724B823665464B7937B36A" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="497B1750650B7B3B730BF7DCF53A2A94">
<table id="6791DB11DF921F31B613A1C02010338F" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="9A044A7C2C9897EE92287A2652F7797C">
<td id="8F52738D0ED362211BF344EF3610B0CA">
Keine nationale
<normalizedToken id="D0863CCE816E7B228D4D148A7BC7FFF5" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
oder internationale Verantwortung
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="979F590AAD8649F5F4B3902ABAFE0EC3">
<heading id="458E3FE794AF5B145B8F19341F0873D0">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B8017C655970A67B270D8E0C2B89989">
<table id="C399E095B2396C36FE3F165F32007CEF" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="E569BA8C493F6305B5F9350EBBE4D9BC">
<td id="7AB6D6EDC666D597FC94617FF4C570C1">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

153
data/55/05/09/55050924E33E3812B019865B22BDF4E5.xml Normal file
View file

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<mods:title>Revision of the south Asian amisegine genus Cladobethylus Kieffer, 1922 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Amiseginae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kimsey, Lynn S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3269963</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158471896" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9F6DC8C1-143A-4F1B-9B6E-9FCFA5C9A98B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55050924E33E3812B019865B22BDF4E5" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9F6DC8C1-143A-4F1B-9B6E-9FCFA5C9A98B" authority="Kimsey" authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Cladobethylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladobethylus acehensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acehensis" status="sp. nov.">Cladobethylus acehensis Kimsey</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="41">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. 1 Distribution map of Cladobethylus species 2, 3 Cladobethylus acehensis male 2 Lateral view 3 dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.70.34206.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313608" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. 1 Distribution map of Cladobethylus species 2, 3 Cladobethylus acehensis male 2 Lateral view 3 dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.70.34206.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313608" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
This species is part of the group that has a nearly impunctate second metasomal tergum, including
<taxonomicName lsidName="Cl. darlingi" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="darlingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Cl. darlingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Cl. densepunctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="densepunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Cl. densepunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Cl. gilbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="gilbus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Cl. gilbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="Cl. philippinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Cl. philippinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished from these and other species by the combination of the pale antenna, flagellomere I 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad or longer, flagellomere II 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad or shorter, flagellomere XI 6.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, and flagellomeres VII-X asymmetrical. Other diagnostic features include the long malar space, slightly less than 4 midocellar diameters wide, and body with bluish highlights.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Male description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
Body (Figs
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,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. 1 Distribution map of Cladobethylus species 2, 3 Cladobethylus acehensis male 2 Lateral view 3 dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.70.34206.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313608" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3</figureCitation>
) length 3.0-4.0 mm.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Head</emphasis>
. frons with punctures 2-4 puncture diameters apart; scapal basin polished and impunctate, with short, sublateral group of transverse ridges; clypeal apicomedial margin slightly concave; subantennal distance 1 MOD long; malar space 3.8 MOD long; head slightly broader than long, interocular distance twice eye width in front view; postocular distance 1.5 midocellar diameters wide; vertex rounded posterolaterally in dorsal view; midocellus 2 MOD from ocular margin; ocelli arranged in equilateral triangle; hindocelli separated from ocular margin by 1.0-1.1 diameters; apical flagellomeres asymmetrical, broadest medially, appearing slightly lobed on one side; flagellomere I 4.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, setae 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as flagellomere breadth; flagellomere II 2.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad; flagellomere IX 6.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad; flagellomeres VIII-X slightly lobate submedially.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Mesosoma</emphasis>
. Pronotum 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as scutum in dorsal view; mesopleural punctures 1 puncture diameter apart; metapleuron polished, impunctate; propodeal side polished impunctate, posteriorly with subrectangular medial enclosure.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Metasoma</emphasis>
. Tergum I nearly impunctate; terga II-IV with tiny punctures, 5-10 puncture diameters apart or more, with impunctate apical margin.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Color</emphasis>
. Body black, with metallic blue highlights on dorsum of head, pronotum and scutum; legs and antennae yellow; wing membrane brown tinted, with dark brown veins.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3270345" doi="10.3897/jhr.70.34206.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313608" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" start="Figures 1–3" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Figures 1-3.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">1</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Cladobethylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladobethylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Cladobethylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2, 3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Cladobethylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladobethylus acehensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acehensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Cladobethylus acehensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3</emphasis>
dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
Holotype male: Indonesia: Sumatra,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Aceh</emphasis>
, Gunung Lauser Natl. Pk., Ketambe Res. Sta. xi/1989, IIS890004, D.C. Darling (MBZ). Paratypes: 24 males same locality data as holotype; 8 males: 5 Sept. 1989, screen sweep, B. Hubley and D. C. Darling, ROM893044; 1 male: 22-30 Sept. 1989, D. C. Darling, Malaise trap with pans, IIS890003; 1 male: 1-30 Oct. 1989, Malaise trap with pans, D.C. Darling, IIS890007; 3 males: Nov. 1989, Malaise trap, D. C. Darling, IIS890006; 1 male: Nov. 1989, D. C. Darling, IIS890005; 1 male: 1-30 Nov. 1989, D.C. Darling, Malaise trap with pans, IIS890012; 1 male: 1-31 Dec. 1989, Malaise trap with pans, D.C. Darling, IIS890013; 1 male: 1-31 Jan. 1990, Malaise trap, D.C. Darling, IIS900001; 2 males: 1-31 Jan. 1990, Malaise trap, D.C. Darling, IIS900005; 2 males: 1-28 Feb. 1990, Malaise trap, D.C. Darling, IIS900009; 1 male: 1-28 Feb. 1990, Malaise trap, D.C. Darling, IIS900011; 2 males: 1-31 Mar. 1990, Malaise trap, D.C. Darling, IIS900021 (BME, MBZ, ROM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Indonesia: Sumatra, Aceh, Gunung Lauser National Park.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">The species is named after Aceh Province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, where it was collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Transnordestina s. n., Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, 44036 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Transnordestina s. n., Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, 44036 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number>2022-08-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number>205</mods:number>
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<mods:start>239</mods:start>
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1.6.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="239" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia thibaudiana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thibaudiana">Acacia thibaudiana</taxonomicName>
DC., Prodr. 2: 456. 1825.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Piptadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptadenia obliqua" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">Piptadenia obliqua</taxonomicName>
(Pers.) J.F. Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 17. 1919.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="239" type="basionym">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">Basionym.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sophora obliqua" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="239">Sophora obliqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pers., Syn. P
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="239">l.</emphasis>
1: 452. 1805.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">&quot;Amer. australi?&quot;, Herb. D. Thibaud. (not located).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="239">
1.6.1.
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. obliqua" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pityrocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pityrocarpa obliqua subsp. obliqua" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="obliqua" subSpecies="obliqua">Pityrocarpa obliqua subsp. obliqua</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

125
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title>The beetle fauna (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Saudi Arabia</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fad, Hassan H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aldhafer, Hathal M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8ECC0674017A48588BE8DDD05C0D7CF6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269679</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127888593" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5505C6483B3C1FD8743133F38D35BDCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5505C6483B3C1FD8743133F38D35BDCF" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName LSID="5505C648-3B3C-1FD8-7431-33F38D35BDCF" authority="Pinttino, 1984" authorityName="Pinttino" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhyssemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyssemus brevitarsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">Rhyssemus brevitarsis Pinttino, 1984</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">World distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Asia</emphasis>
: SA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">General distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">END.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Local distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
BA, JZ, MD, MK, QS, RI (
<bibRefCitation author="Pittino, R" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="B91" refString="Pittino, R, 1984. Insects of Saudi Arabia. ColeopteraScarabaeoidea: A Revision of the Family Aphodiidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 6: 267-360." title="Insects of Saudi Arabia. ColeopteraScarabaeoidea: A Revision of the Family Aphodiidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 6: 267 - 360." year="1984">Pittino 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" author="El-Hawagry, MS" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="B40" refString="El-Hawagry, MS, Khalil, MW, Sharaf, MR, Fadl, HH, Aldawood, AS, 2013. A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 274: 1-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" title="A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 274: 1 - 88." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" year="2013">El-Hawagry et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="collecting month and method">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Collecting month and method.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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falcatum; family:
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; habitat: mortar of old brick wall of an industrial building
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This species is an evergreen ornamental fern native to East Asia and introduced to North America and Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="C7AA683CCC4CF26E90CA73105D0115DF" author="Maslo, Semir" journalOrPublisher="Glasnik Hrvatskog Botanickog Drustva" pageId="0" pageNumber="110450" pagination="104 - 107" refId="B10044337" refString="Maslo, Semir, 2022. New locality of Japanese holly fern Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl in Croatia. Glasnik Hrvatskog Botanickog Drustva 9 (2): 104 - 107" title="New locality of Japanese holly fern Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl in Croatia" volume="9" year="2022">Maslo 2022</bibRefCitation>
). It is considered potentially invasive in South Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="A604DF18539A9CEBD61B9564123EB245" author="McCulloch-Jones, Emily" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pageId="0" pageNumber="110450" pagination="3583 - 3596" refId="B10044328" refString="McCulloch-Jones, Emily, Kraaij, Tineke, Crouch, Neil, Fritz, Herve, 2021. The effect of horticultural trade on establishment success in alien terrestrial true ferns (Polypodiophyta). Biological Invasions 23: 3583 - 3596" title="The effect of horticultural trade on establishment success in alien terrestrial true ferns (Polypodiophyta)" volume="23" year="2021">McCulloch-Jones et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The first report from Hungary was by
<bibRefCitation id="1E1DCEA0C823927E956F2F5A373F5E85" author="Tamas, Julia" journalOrPublisher="Botanikai Koezlemenyek" pageId="0" pageNumber="110450" pagination="235 - 250" refId="B10044346" refString="Tamas, Julia, Vida, Gabor, Csontos, Peter, 2017. Contributions to the fern flora of Hungary with special attention to built walls. Botanikai Koezlemenyek 104 (2): 235 - 250" title="Contributions to the fern flora of Hungary with special attention to built walls" volume="104" year="2017">
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. This is its second record from Hungary.
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50543" ID-PMC="PMC7067906" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-8-e50543" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C3175E5BEA105427839EEABB740C301B" ID-PubMed="32194320" ModsDocID="1314-2828-8-e50543" checkinTime="1583428123878" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Delabye, Sylvain, Maicher, Vincent, Safian, Szabolcs, Potocky, Pavel, Mertens, Jan E. J., Przybylowicz, Lukasz, Murkwe, Mercy, Kobe, Ishmeal N., Fokam, Eric B., Janecek, Stepan &amp; Tropek, Robert" docDate="2020" docId="550761F1ECAD5920B8844AD485873420" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 8: e50543" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50543" docTitle="Pirga ubangiana Schultze 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="C3175E5BEA105427839EEABB740C301B" lastPageNumber="50543" masterDocId="C3175E5BEA105427839EEABB740C301B" masterDocTitle="First records of 31 species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) in Cameroon, with remarks on their elevational ranges" masterLastPageNumber="50543" masterPageNumber="50543" pageNumber="50543" updateTime="1668125416792" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First records of 31 species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) in Cameroon, with remarks on their elevational ranges</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Delabye, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Maicher, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Safian, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Potocky, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mertens, Jan E. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Przybylowicz, Lukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Murkwe, Mercy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Kobe, Ishmeal N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Fokam, Eric B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Janecek, Stepan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Tropek, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="550761F1-ECAD-5920-B884-4AD485873420" authority="Schultze, 1934" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Pirga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirga ubangiana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubangiana">Pirga ubangiana Schultze, 1934</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" family="Erebidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-04-20" collectingMethod="Light catching" collectionCode="ZMJU" country="Cameroon" latitude="4.0899" location="Bamboo Camp, Mount Cameroon" longitude="9.0517" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Occurrence:</emphasis>
individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">2</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">females</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">adult</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Taxon:</emphasis>
scientificName: Pirgaubangiana Schultze, 1934;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Location:</emphasis>
continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Southwest Region; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550761F1ECAD5920B8844AD485873420:90F13371079E634BC7FD9091DDC25CF2" country="Cameroon" latitude="4.0899" longitude="9.0517" name="Bamboo Camp, Mount Cameroon" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Bamboo Camp, Mount Cameroon</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">350 m</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" value="04.0899">04.0899</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" value="09.0517">09.0517</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Sylvain Delabye</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2017;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Event:</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Light catching</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" value="2015-04-20">20/04/2015</collectingDate>
; habitat: Lowland forest disturbed by historical selective logging;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionID: http://grbio.org/cool/8t1f-g2z6; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">ZMJU</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-02-03" collectingMethod="Light catching" collectionCode="ZMJU" country="Cameroon" latitude="4.1022" location="Drink Gari, Mount Cameroon" longitude="9.063" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Occurrence:</emphasis>
individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">2</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">females</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">adult</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Taxon:</emphasis>
scientificName: Pirgaubangiana Schultze, 1934;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Location:</emphasis>
continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Southwest Region; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550761F1ECAD5920B8844AD485873420:D62A1268CA8ACC32657F2A5E7DCAFBA3" country="Cameroon" latitude="4.1022" longitude="9.063" name="Drink Gari, Mount Cameroon" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Drink Gari, Mount Cameroon</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">650 m</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" value="04.1022">04.1022</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" value="09.0630">09.0630</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Sylvain Delabye</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2017;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Event:</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Light catching</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="50543" value="2016-02-03">03/02/2016</collectingDate>
; habitat: Primary lowland forest;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionID: http://grbio.org/cool/8t1f-g2z6; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">ZMJU</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50543">
This species was known only from Uganda and Central African Republic. Our Cameroonian record thus broadened its distribution range westwards to the Guinean biogeographic region. On Mount Cameroon, it was collected in lowland forests at 350 and 650 m a.s.l. (Fig.
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).
</paragraph>
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217
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<taxonomicName LSID="550882B0-A28D-3B4E-E631-333DE84FBB3A" authority="Chevrolat, 1879: XCII" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichodocerus Chevrolat, 1879: XCII</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral &quot; sheath &quot; with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures1–8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143826" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">, 20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 37–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 37 - 45. Variation in eye shape. 37 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with large, subcontiguous eyes that continue below rostral insertion 38 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with relatively small, widely separated eyes 39 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000658] with widely separated eyes and the frons concave between the upper half of the eye 40 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with very large eyes that are contiguous in upper half 41 Pseudopinarus guyanensis [ASUHIC 0086636] with large, subcontiguous eyes and an arcuate carina on the vertex of the head 42 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a lanceolate space 43 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] 44 Macrocopturus lynceus [SSAC 0001085] with very large, partially contiguous eyes 45 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000802] with large eyes contiguous in the bottom 2 / 3 and widely separated at the top." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures37–45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143829" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">, 37</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 67–70" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 67 - 70. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Trichodocerini and Piazurini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 67 a-b Trichodocerus spinolae [ARTSYS 0000534] 68 a-b Cratosomus lafontii [SSAC 0001133]; scale bars = 10 mm 69 a-b Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] 70 a-b Piazurus caprimulgus [SSAC 0001113]." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures67–70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143831" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">, 67</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bondar" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mallerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mallerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mallerus</taxonomicName>
Bondar, 1946: 86 [Syn.:
<bibRefCitation author="Bondar, G" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" pagination="273 - 295" refId="B11" refString="Bondar, G, 1947. Notas Entomologicas da Baia. XIX. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro 18 (3): 273 - 295" title="Notas Entomologicas da Baia. XIX." volume="18" year="1947">Bondar 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 294]. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bondar" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mallerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mallerus antiquus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquus">Mallerus antiquus</taxonomicName>
Bondar, 1946 [by original designation].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus spinolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Trichodocerus spinolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chevrolat, 1879 [by subsequent designation: Champion 1906: 713].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="gender">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Masculine.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures67–70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143831" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 67–70" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Figures 67-70.</emphasis>
Lateral and dorsal habitus images of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichodocerini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Piazurini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Piazurini</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">67a-b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus spinolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Trichodocerus spinolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[ARTSYS0000534]
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">68a-b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Cratosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratosomus lafontii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lafontii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Cratosomus lafontii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[SSAC0001133]; scale bars = 10 mm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">69a-b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuschel" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lobops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lobops bonvouloiri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonvouloiri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Lobops bonvouloiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[ARTSYS0000527]
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">70a-b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Piazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurus caprimulgus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caprimulgus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Piazurus caprimulgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[SSAC0001113].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Trichodocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily separated from all other genera treated here by the loose antennal club, the presence of elongate setae on the club and funicular articles, contiguous procoxae, a prosternal rostral channel with the lateral margins strongly converging and meeting below the procoxae, a mesoventrite with a transverse ventrally produced ridge anterior to mesocoxae and the mesoventrite posterior to ridge with dense yellow scales (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral &quot; sheath &quot; with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures1–8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143826" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">1</figureCitation>
), and the presence of stridulatory plectra on the male seventh abdominal tergite. Funicular article 1 is short and globose, the hind femora are not carinate and ventrally with one or no teeth, the femoral apices are always unarmed at the lateral and mesal faces, the eyes of most species have a distinct lower constriction lateral to rostral insertion (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 37–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 37 - 45. Variation in eye shape. 37 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with large, subcontiguous eyes that continue below rostral insertion 38 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with relatively small, widely separated eyes 39 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000658] with widely separated eyes and the frons concave between the upper half of the eye 40 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with very large eyes that are contiguous in upper half 41 Pseudopinarus guyanensis [ASUHIC 0086636] with large, subcontiguous eyes and an arcuate carina on the vertex of the head 42 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a lanceolate space 43 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] 44 Macrocopturus lynceus [SSAC 0001085] with very large, partially contiguous eyes 45 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000802] with large eyes contiguous in the bottom 2 / 3 and widely separated at the top." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures37–45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143829" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">37</figureCitation>
), the abdominal ventrites are slightly ascending, and the pygidium is concealed (slightly exposed in male
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. spinolae" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="spinolae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">T. spinolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and male of at least 1 undescribed species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
The contiguous procoxae efficiently separates
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Trichodocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all genera except some species of the very different
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Zygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The yellow scales of the mesocoxae and mesoventrite have also been observed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arachnomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnomorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Arachnomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906 (on the pro- and mesocoxae),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Microzygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906 (on the procoxae), and some species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(on the pro- and mesocoxae and ventrally on the mesofemora), but in those genera they are not also present on the mesoventrite between the mesocoxae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="phylogenetic relationships">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
The numerous features that easily separate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Trichodocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the rest of the conoderines are potentially indicative of improper placement in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conoderinae">Conoderinae</taxonomicName>
, however, the same unique characters prevent confident reassignment to another group of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
. Champion (1906: 713) noted the similarity of the antennal funicle to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1870" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Hedycera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hedycera" order="Guttiferales" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Hedycera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pascoe, 1870, a South American genus here reassigned to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Piazurini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Piazurini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Host associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
The genus is apparently nocturnal, with most observed specimens being collected at UV light traps - 488 specimens were collected by
<bibRefCitation author="Wolda, H" journalOrPublisher="Southwestern Entomologist, supplement" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" refId="B155" refString="Wolda, H, O'Brien, CW, Stockwell, HP, 1998. Weevil diversity and seasonal abundance in tropical Panama as deduced from light-trap catches (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 590." title="Weevil diversity and seasonal abundance in tropical Panama as deduced from light-trap catches (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 590." year="1998">Wolda et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, representing three of the 17 species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conoderinae">Conoderinae</taxonomicName>
with more than 10 specimens collected. One undescribed species has been reared from balsa,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Urban" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="Cav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ochroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ochroma pyramidale" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Ochroma pyramidale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Swartz" authorityYear="1788" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Swartz" authorityYear="1788" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bombacoideae">Bombacoideae</taxonomicName>
Burnett) (Hespenheide, personal communication). An observed specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. brevilineatus" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="brevilineatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">T. brevilineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906 [STRI_ENT_008474] was recorded from dead branches of balsa and an undescribed species [SSAC0001000] was collected on balsa leaves; another observed undescribed species has been collected on dead branches of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth" authorityYear="1844" class="Equisetopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira sessilis" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="sessilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Pachira sessilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. (
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bombacoideae">Bombacoideae</taxonomicName>
) [STRI_ENT_0084793].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="described species">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Described species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">
Two species are known from the focal region and one additional described species occurs in South America. I have accumulated and distinguished over 20 species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichodocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Trichodocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
new to science as part of a revision currently in preparation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="64" type="range">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="64">Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; South America. Undescribed species are also known from Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Three Loxocaudinae species (Ostracoda, Podocopida) from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yoo, Hyunsu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory (MERIL), 17, Gosan-ro, 148 beon-gil, Gunpo-si, Gyoenggi-do, 15180, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hyunsu.yoo2011@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Huyen, Pham Thi Minh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chae, Jinho</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory (MERIL), 17, Gosan-ro, 148 beon-gil, Gunpo-si, Gyoenggi-do, 15180, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Karanovic, Ivana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-9952</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ivana@hanyang.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName LSID="55094FBD-A212-5F73-B258-5B10C46146A2" authorityName="Schornikov" authorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" family="Loxoconchidae" genus="Loxocauda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocauda orientalis" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Loxocauda cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882304, NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV internal view B A 2 C Hp; female (NIBR 0000882310) D GF. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, C, D); 100 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791645" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figs 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. SEM photographs of Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV external view B RV internal view C muscular scar print D simple seta pore on external carapace." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791646" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
One male, dissected on one slide (NIBRIV0000882304), shell on micropaleontological slide (NIBRIV0000882314);
<specimenCount type="female">one female</specimenCount>
, dissected on one slide (NIBRIV0000882310) and shell on micropaleontological slide (NIBRIV0000882312);
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-05-19" collectorName="Hyunsu Yoo, Byung-jin Yoo." country="South Korea" county="Geoje-si" latitude="34.83198" location="Jisepohaean-ro" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.70367" municipality="Irun-myeon" specimenCount="one" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gyeongsangnam-do">
<specimenCount type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and female dissected on slide each, and shells on micropaleontological slide each;
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">South Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam">Gyeongsangnam-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty>Geoje-si</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Irun-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55094FBDA2125F73B2585B10C46146A2:6703A49F8FC604398371847C18D501ED" country="South Korea" county="Geoje-si" latitude="34.83198" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.70367" municipality="Irun-myeon" name="Jisepohaean-ro" stateProvince="Gyeongsangnam-do">Jisepohaean-ro</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55094FBDA2125F73B2585B10C46146A2:6326AA66FE443C5512AA047C56600BD5" country="South Korea" county="Geoje-si" latitude="34.83198" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.70367" municipality="Irun-myeon" name="Jisepo" stateProvince="Gyeongsangnam-do">Jisepo</location>
harbor.
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="49.919" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.83198">34°49.919'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="42.220" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="128.70367">128°42.220'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2020-05-19">19 May 2020</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Hyunsu Yoo</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Byung-jin Yoo.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Brief description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Male.</emphasis>
Carapace same as in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">L. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882304, NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV internal view B A 2 C Hp; female (NIBR 0000882310) D GF. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, C, D); 100 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791645" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">11A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. SEM photographs of Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV external view B RV internal view C muscular scar print D simple seta pore on external carapace." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791646" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">12A, B</figureCitation>
). Differences include dorsal margin being straighter, and greatest H situated close medially. A2 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882304, NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV internal view B A 2 C Hp; female (NIBR 0000882310) D GF. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, C, D); 100 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791645" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">11B</figureCitation>
) with well-developed setulae on second and third segments. Hp (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882304, NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV internal view B A 2 C Hp; female (NIBR 0000882310) D GF. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, C, D); 100 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791645" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">11C</figureCitation>
) with basal plate sub-rectangular and with three bare setae antero-distally. Lobe with sub-triangular form. No strong muscles present.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791645" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schornikov" authorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" family="Loxoconchidae" genus="Loxocauda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocauda orientalis" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Loxocauda cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
: male (NIBRIV0000882304, NIBRIV0000882314)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
RV internal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">B</emphasis>
A2
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">C</emphasis>
Hp; female (NIBR0000882310)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">D</emphasis>
GF. Scale bars: 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">B, C, D</emphasis>
); 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791646" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 12.</emphasis>
SEM photographs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schornikov" authorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" family="Loxoconchidae" genus="Loxocauda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocauda orientalis" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Loxocauda cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
: male (NIBRIV0000882314)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
RV external view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">B</emphasis>
RV internal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">C</emphasis>
muscular scar print
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">D</emphasis>
simple seta pore on external carapace.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
Other appendages same as in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">L. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schornikov, 2011
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">L ratios between segments as indicated below:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A1 Six-segmented. 2.4: 1.2: 1: 1.1: 1.4: 1.3.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A2 Four-segmented. 6.4: 2.9: 9.8: 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">L5 Four-segmented. 3.5: 1.9: 1: 1.2.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">L6 Four-segmented. 3.3: 2.4: 1: 1.3.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">L7 Four-segmented. 2.4: 1.9: 1: 1.2.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Female.</emphasis>
Larger than male (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Internal view of female carapace A Glacioloxoconcha jeongokensis sp. nov. (NIBRIV 0000882311 allotype) B Loxocauda cf. orientalis (NIBRIV 0000882312) C Loxocauda orientalis Schornikov, 2011 (MABIKCR 0025820)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791647" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">13B</figureCitation>
). L ~ 459
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, H ~ 267
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Shape and all other morphological features similar to male. GF illustrated in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Loxocauda cf. orientalis: male (NIBRIV 0000882304, NIBRIV 0000882314) A RV internal view B A 2 C Hp; female (NIBR 0000882310) D GF. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, C, D); 100 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791645" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">11D</figureCitation>
. Basal plate sub-triangular. Ovary subquadrate. With three bare setae on antero-medial margin. All other appendages same as in male.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.96201.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791647" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Internal view of female carapace
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoo &amp; Huyen &amp; Chae &amp; Karanovic" authorityYear="2023" class="Ostracoda" family="Loxoconchidae" genus="Glacioloxoconcha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glacioloxoconcha jeongokensis" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jeongokensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Glacioloxoconcha jeongokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (NIBRIV0000882311 allotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schornikov" authorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" family="Loxoconchidae" genus="Loxocauda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocauda orientalis" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Loxocauda cf. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(NIBRIV0000882312)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schornikov" authorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" family="Loxoconchidae" genus="Loxocauda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocauda orientalis" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Loxocauda orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schornikov, 2011 (MABIKCR0025820).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

69
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fruticosum
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<paragraph id="658FF4DFB134C9A813B031B9A0849CA0" pageNumber="133">6. Lithospermum fruticosum, staminibus corollam aequantibus.</paragraph>
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Lithospermum fruticosum, corollis calyce majoribus, foliis linearibus hispidis.
<emphasis id="6D13A4356D22B2CF3B428AE9323EEC9F" italics="true">Sauv. monsp. 50. 63.</emphasis>
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Anchusa angustifolia.
<emphasis id="3DE02D12DBACF8119EF424D53A32C5F5" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 255.</emphasis>
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β. Anchusa arborea.
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Buglossum samium frutescens, foliis rosmarini obscure virentibus lucidis &amp; hirsutis.
<emphasis id="C0B6CD3D187574F0A5198974B5282DCF" italics="true">Tournef. cor.6.</emphasis>
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Gallia
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Samo
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Europa
<emphasis id="6B609FC4C9DC778CD65469437B17DA16" italics="true">australi. ♄</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9774FFF34CADB79128414BB9" blockId="1.[151,443,1407,1467]" box="[151,303,1442,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F9774FFF34CA4B791284B4BB9" box="[158,293,1442,1467]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetBox-1="[201,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1386,193,1898]" captionTargetBox-3="[236,1324,193,1932]" captionTargetBox-4="[201,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetBox-5="[201,1386,193,1931]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[200,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[236,1350,193,1932]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lower lip; B, upper lip; C, maxilliped; D, maxilla 1." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, maxilla 2; B, left mandible; C, right mandible. Palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; D, outer view, E, facial view" captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, gnathopod 1; B, gnathopod 2; C, facial view of gnathopod 2." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 5." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, uropod 1; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, paratype female gnathopod 2." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/831811/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/831813/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/831815/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/831817/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/831819/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95BA65219774FFF34CADB7D62C334868" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9774FFF34CADB7D628514844" blockId="1.[151,1437,1509,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<materialsCitation id="6DC83CF79774FFF34CADB7D628514844" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1576159904" collectingDate="2013-06-06" collectionCode="UNAM, CNCR" collectorName="de Biologia" county="Adult" elevation="10" location="Coleccion Nacional de Crustaceos" municipality="Radio Pirata Station" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morelos" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34CADB7D628EA4BFC" bold="true" box="[151,388,1509,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="021B88089774FFF34DB5B7D628984BFC" box="[399,502,1509,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34DB5B7D628984BFC" box="[399,502,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCounty id="347E4E269774FFF34E3DB7D62B294BFC" box="[519,583,1509,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Adult</collectingCounty>
male; 3.0 mm; Puerto
<collectingRegion id="1F64F8489774FFF34F61B7D62AD64BFC" box="[859,952,1509,1534]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Morelos</collectingRegion>
Coral Reef;
<collectingMunicipality id="3D7BACD09774FFF3486EB7D62C2F4BFC" box="[1108,1345,1509,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Radio Pirata Station</collectingMunicipality>
;
<collectingDate id="B95AE9829774FFF3496AB7D629BD4820" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" value="2013-06-06">
<date id="A91E106A9774FFF3496AB7D629BD4820" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" value="2013-06-06">6 June 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
; coral rubbles;
<elevation id="568DD1999774FFF34DBFB43928AE4823" box="[389,448,1546,1570]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="1A589B4F9774FFF34DBFB43928AE4823" box="[389,448,1546,1570]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth; deposited at
<location id="D87F60719774FFF34E91B43A2D594820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550987BC9774FFFB4CADB74C2B814A7F:D87F60719774FFF34E91B43A2D594820" box="[683,1079,1545,1570]" county="Adult" municipality="Radio Pirata Station" name="Coleccion Nacional de Crustaceos" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Morelos">Colección Nacional de Crustáceos</location>
,
<location id="D87F60719774FFF3487EB43A2C5D4820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550987BC9774FFFB4CADB74C2B814A7F:D87F60719774FFF3487EB43A2C5D4820" box="[1092,1331,1545,1570]" county="Adult" municipality="Radio Pirata Station" name="Instituto de Biologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Morelos">
Instituto
<collectorName id="7055537C9774FFF34891B43A2C5D4820" box="[1195,1331,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">de Biología</collectorName>
</location>
,
<collectionCode id="BBB1AE6F9774FFF3497AB4392CF64820" box="[1344,1432,1546,1570]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/10ei-x9nj" name="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">UNAM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="BBB1AE6F9774FFF34CADB41D29894844" box="[151,231,1582,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">CNCR</collectionCode>
–31741.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9774FFF34CFDB4612C334868" blockId="1.[151,1437,1509,2038]" box="[199,1373,1617,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
Paratype. Ovigerous female,
<quantity id="1A589B4F9774FFF34E37B4612B0B486B" box="[525,613,1618,1642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
; collected and deposited together with the holotype; CNCR–31742.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95BA65219774FFF34CFDB4462B144964" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9774FFF34CFDB4462B144964" blockId="1.[151,1437,1509,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34CFDB446282F488C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1653,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head, with bigeminal dispersed eyes, mammiliform lateral lobe, anteroventral notch well defined. Antenna 1 geniculate; antenna 1 accessory flagellum 3–articulate; primary flagellum 13–articulate. Mandible, mandible palp 3–articulate, with 7 short and 3 long D and 2 long curved E setae. Coxa 5, devoid of long seta on ventromedial margin; basis anteroventral corner of pereopod 5 with a strong seta; merus of pereopod 6 with 12 robust setae; epimera 1, 2, 3 with 2, 4, 1 robust setae respectively, on ventral margin; telson longer than broad, apices on each lobe deeply bifid, each with one short robust seta inserted into notch; female gnathopod 2 with 2 long and slender setae on posterior margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95BA65219774FFFB4CFDB5422A4E4C1A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9774FFF34CFDB5422BB349F4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1509,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34CFDB54228374988" bold="true" box="[199,345,1905,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Description.</emphasis>
Based on adult male
<typeStatus id="021B88089774FFF34E6CB5422BD54988" box="[598,699,1905,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 3.0 mm.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34F0BB5422A054988" box="[817,875,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F9774FFF34F41B5422AB74988" box="[891,985,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A), coxae 1–4 expanded distally,
<date id="A91E106A9774FFF34965B5412C154988" box="[1375,1403,1906,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">2x</date>
as long as wide; with posterodistal tooth; coxa 4 with reduced posterior lobe; coxa 5 devoid of robust seta on ventromedial margin; coxae 6 and 7 quadrangular.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34EF5B58A2A0649D0" box="[719,872,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Pleonites 1–3</emphasis>
untoothed; coxa 3 not reduced in size;
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89774FFF34927B58929CB49F4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">epimera 1– 3</emphasis>
with 2, 4, 1 robust setae, respectively (
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F9774FFF34E60B5EE2BD949F4" box="[602,695,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Figure 1</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="89DF66229777FFF04CADB5FB2D8B49DC" box="[151,1253,1992,2014]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" targetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9777FFF04CADB5FB2D8B49DC" blockId="2.[151,1253,1992,2014]" box="[151,1253,1992,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89777FFF04CADB5FB2B7B49DC" bold="true" box="[151,533,1992,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">
FIGURE 1.
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D299777FFF04D23B5FA28D049DC" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,446,1993,2014]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89777FFF04D23B5FA28D049DC" bold="true" box="[281,446,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C39777FFF04DFEB5FA2B7B49DC" box="[452,533,1993,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DF66229776FFF14CADB5922C5149B5" box="[151,1343,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831811/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" targetBox="[201,1386,193,1907]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9776FFF14CADB5922C5149B5" blockId="3.[151,1343,1953,1975]" box="[151,1343,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89776FFF14CADB592286349B4" bold="true" box="[151,269,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D299776FFF14D23B59128D049B4" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,446,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89776FFF14D23B59128D049B4" bold="true" box="[281,446,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C39776FFF14DFEB5922B7B49B5" box="[452,533,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89776FFF14DFEB5922B6149B4" bold="true" box="[452,527,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lower lip; B, upper lip; C, maxilliped; D, maxilla 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DF66229771FFF64CADB5922BD749D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831813/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" targetBox="[201,1386,193,1898]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9771FFF64CADB5922BD749D4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89771FFF64CADB5922B7149B4" bold="true" box="[151,543,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
FIGURE 3.
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D299771FFF64D27B59128AB49B4" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[285,453,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89771FFF64D27B59128AB49B4" bold="true" box="[285,453,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C39771FFF64DF7B5922B7149B4" box="[461,543,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, maxilla 2; B, left mandible; C, right mandible. Palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; D, outer view, E, facial view
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DF66229770FFF74CADB5922CF849B5" box="[151,1430,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831815/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" targetBox="[236,1324,193,1932]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9770FFF74CADB5922CF849B5" blockId="5.[151,1430,1953,1975]" box="[151,1430,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89770FFF74CADB5922B7D49B4" bold="true" box="[151,531,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
FIGURE 4.
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D299770FFF74D22B59128D349B4" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,445,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89770FFF74D22B59128D349B4" bold="true" box="[280,445,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C39770FFF74DF9B5922B7D49B4" box="[451,531,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, gnathopod 1; B, gnathopod 2; C, facial view of gnathopod 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DF66229773FFF44CADB5922D8849B5" box="[151,1254,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831817/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" targetBox="[201,1386,193,1900]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9773FFF44CADB5922D8849B5" blockId="6.[151,1254,1953,1975]" box="[151,1254,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89773FFF44CADB5922B7B49B4" bold="true" box="[151,533,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="203">
FIGURE 5.
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D299773FFF44D23B59128D049B4" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,446,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89773FFF44D23B59128D049B4" bold="true" box="[281,446,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="203">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C39773FFF44DFEB5922B7B49B4" box="[452,533,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DF66229772FFF54CADB592287549D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831819/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="204" targetBox="[201,1386,193,1931]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA9772FFF54CADB592287549D4" blockId="7.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89772FFF54CADB5922B4E49B4" bold="true" box="[151,544,1953,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="204">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D299772FFF54D27B59128AB49B4" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[285,453,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB89772FFF54D27B59128AB49B4" bold="true" box="[285,453,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="204">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C39772FFF54DF4B5922B4E49B4" box="[462,544,1953,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, uropod 1; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, paratype female gnathopod 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977DFFFA4CFDB2A42A574ED6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CFDB2A4286A4EB2" box="[199,260,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4D28B2A428144EB2" box="[274,378,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figures 1</figureCitation>
A, 1B). Lateral lobe mammilliform; anteroventral notch strong; eyes bigeminal, with 13 pairs of dispersed ommatidia (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="B9314B5B977DFFFA4DC9B28F2A434ED6" author="McKinney" box="[499,813,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205" refString="Mckinney, L. D. &amp; Barnard, J. L. (1977) A new marine genus and species of the Nuuanu-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Yucatan Peninsula. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 90 (1), 161 - 171." type="journal article" year="1977">McKinney &amp; Barnard 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977DFFFA4CFDB2D3286A4F67" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CFDB2D328534EFA" box="[199,317,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Antenna 1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4D6AB2EC28DE4EFA" box="[336,432,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 1</figureCitation>
B) geniculate; article one with a distoventral robust seta; article 2, 1.2x as long as 3; accessory flagellum 3–articulate, distal article vestigial; primary flagellum 13–articulate, as long as peduncle.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CADB31B28634F42" box="[151,269,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Antenna 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4D25B31428114F42" box="[287,383,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 1</figureCitation>
B), articles 4 and 5 subequal in length, flagellum 8–articulate, 1.6x as long as article 5 of peduncle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977DFFFA4CFDB35C298D4D5F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CFDB35C28364F8A" box="[199,344,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Mounthparts</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4D5CB35C28A54F8A" box="[358,459,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">lower lip</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4DE0B35C2B554F8A" box="[474,571,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lower lip; B, upper lip; C, maxilliped; D, maxilla 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831811/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 2</figureCitation>
A), lower corner on outer lobe upturned; inner lobe not well developed; with tuft of short setae on distal part of each lobes
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4EA0B3A62A6F4FAF" box="[666,769,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">upper lip</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4F35B3A72A1E4FAE" box="[783,880,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lower lip; B, upper lip; C, maxilliped; D, maxilla 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831811/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B) subtriangular, 1.2x longer than wide, ventrally covered with tiny setae.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4D8AB3842B704FD2" box="[432,542,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Maxilla 1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4E15B3842BFC4FD2" box="[559,658,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lower lip; B, upper lip; C, maxilliped; D, maxilla 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831811/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C), styliform; inner lobe with one distal robust seta and other 12 on inner margin; outer lobe narrow, 6 digital setae; palp 2–articulate subequal in length, article 2 with 4 robust and one simple setae, distally.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4DA9B3CC2B624C1A" box="[403,524,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Maxilliped</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4E26B3CC2B114C1A" box="[540,639,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lower lip; B, upper lip; C, maxilliped; D, maxilla 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831811/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 2</figureCitation>
D), inner lobe with 3 long and 4 short distal setae; devoid of setae on inner margin; 8 facial setae; bearing 4 long setae midway on outer margin; distal margin with 7 odontoid teeth and 5 pectinate long setae, 7 facial setae; palp 4–articulate, article 2 with a medial tuft of setae on inner margin; article 3 with a tuft of setae on distal inner margin; article 4 with bifid nail; articles 3–4 with stridulating ridges.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA490AB05F2CF54C86" box="[1328,1435,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Maxilla 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4CA4B0BC29934CAA" box="[158,253,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[200,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, maxilla 2; B, left mandible; C, right mandible. Palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; D, outer view, E, facial view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831813/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 3</figureCitation>
A), outer lobe straight, 0.4x as wide as inner lobe, 10 long distal setae; inner lobe with 3 distal, 4 subdistal, 24 on inner margin, and 14 facial robust long setae.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4EE7B0872A3D4CCF" box="[733,851,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Mandibles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4F58B0872AA34CCE" box="[866,973,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[200,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, maxilla 2; B, left mandible; C, right mandible. Palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; D, outer view, E, facial view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831813/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figures 3</figureCitation>
B, 3C), molar well developed, triturative, bearing a long isolate seta; mandible palp 3–articulate; article 2, 1.3 x longer than 3, with one distal seta; article 3 with 7 short and 3 long D and 2 long curved E setae. Left mandible (
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4F8FB0CF2D784D16" box="[949,1046,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[200,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, maxilla 2; B, left mandible; C, right mandible. Palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; D, outer view, E, facial view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831813/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 3</figureCitation>
B) with 6 incisors, lacinia mobilis bifid, 10 rakers right mandible (
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4E3EB12C2B0B4D3A" box="[516,613,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[200,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, maxilla 2; B, left mandible; C, right mandible. Palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; D, outer view, E, facial view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831813/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 3</figureCitation>
C), with 2 pairs of incisors separated; lacinia mobilis with 3 teeth and 7 rakers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977DFFFA4CFDB15428784A7F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CFDB15428334D82" box="[199,349,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Gnathopod 1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4D55B15428BD4D82" box="[367,467,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[236,1324,193,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[236,1350,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, gnathopod 1; B, gnathopod 2; C, facial view of gnathopod 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 4</figureCitation>
A), basis as long as carpus; with one long posterior seta backward; ischium with 2 posterodistal setae; merus with a posterodistally tuft of setae; carpus
<date id="A91E106A977DFFFA4FAFB1BF2ADF4DA6" box="[917,945,908,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">2x</date>
as long as propodus; with long submarginal and marginal setae on posterior margin; palmar margin right; posterior corner of palmar margin defined by one robust seta; dactylus fixing palm.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4E25B1E72BDB4DEE" box="[543,693,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Gnathopod 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4EFCB1E72A584DEE" box="[710,822,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[236,1324,193,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[236,1350,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, gnathopod 1; B, gnathopod 2; C, facial view of gnathopod 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figures 4</figureCitation>
B, C), basis as long as propodus; quadrate in section, bearing 2 distal concretions on each corner; ischium with 2 additional distal concretions on each corner; merus posterior lobe small, 3 setae; carpus 0.1x as long as propodus; palmar and posterior margin serrate; margin of propodus oblique, 4 distal robust setae, 2–3 short additional robust setae backward; dactylus stout, almost right, cylindrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977DFFFA4CFDB6B42996492A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CFDB6B428294AA2" box="[199,327,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Pereopod 3</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4D6CB6B428DB4AA2" box="[342,437,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831817/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 5</figureCitation>
A), basis slender, as long as ischium, merus and carpus, combined; carpus 0.7x as long as propodus; dactylus with nail.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4DCAB69F2B1A4AC6" box="[496,628,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Pereopod 4</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4EBDB69F2B844AC7" box="[647,746,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831817/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 5</figureCitation>
B), basis slender, as long as ischium and merus, combined; carpus 0.8x as long as propodus; dactylus with one posterior seta and nail.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4FD9B6FC2D0A4AE5" box="[995,1124,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Pereopod 5</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4849B6FC2DBD4AEA" box="[1139,1235,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831817/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 5</figureCitation>
C), basis as broad (measured proximally) as long, tapering distally, 0.8x as long as merus and carpus, combined, 12 robust short setae and one distal robust long seta, on anterior margin, 16 large posterior serrations; ischium with one anterodistal robust seta; merus with one seta midway on anterior and posterior margins, one robust and 2 small setae on anterior and one short and one large on posterior distal corners; carpus 2 robust setae midway on anterior margin, 3 robust setae in anterior and
<quantity id="1A589B4F977DFFFA4D44B7B728C64B9F" box="[382,424,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
posterior corners; propodus 0.9x as long as carpus, 4 posterior setae distally; dactylus with one anterior setae and nail.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4DF2B7942B274BC2" box="[456,585,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Pereopod 6</emphasis>
, basis 0.8x as long as wide, proximally, and as long as carpus and propodus, combined, 9 robust setae on anterior, and 18 serrations on posterior margins; ischium with one anterodistal seta; merus 2 robust setae basally, 3 midway on anterior margin, 6 on anterodistall corner; one robust seta midway on posterior margin, and 2 on a small posterodistal lobe; carpus as long as merus, 3 robust setae midway on anterior margin, and 3 on anterodistal corner, 6 robust setae on posterodistal corner; propodus as long as merus and carpus, combined; 4 group of 2 robust setae on anterior margin,
<quantity id="1A589B4F977DFFFA4F31B46F2A5B4877" box="[779,821,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
posterodistal corner; dactylus 2 anterior setae and nail.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CADB44C28744895" box="[151,282,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Pereopod 7</emphasis>
, basis 0.7x as broad as long, quadrangular; 8 robust setae in anterior and 27 serrations on posterior margins; ischium without setae; merus 4 robust setae on anterior margin, 3 setae on a small anterodistal lobe;
<quantity id="1A589B4F977DFFFA494BB4972CF248BF" box="[1393,1436,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
posterior margin, and
<quantity id="1A589B4F977DFFFA4DB5B4FB28D448E2" box="[399,442,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
a small posterodistal lobe; carpus 3 robust setae on anterior and posterior distal corners; propodus 4 robust setae on posterodistal corner, 4 robust setae on anterior margin; dactylus with one anterior seta and nail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977DFFFA4CFDB5062CF349DE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4CFDB506281E494E" box="[199,368,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Urosomite 1–3</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4DBBB507288F494E" box="[385,481,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 1</figureCitation>
C), untoothed dorsally.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4ECFB5072A0D494E" box="[757,867,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Uropod 1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4F4EB5072AB9494F" box="[884,983,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, uropod 1; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, paratype female gnathopod 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831819/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 6</figureCitation>
A), peduncle 0.8x as long as rami; one basal robust seta in outer margin; 3 small and 3 long robust setae dorsally; 2 robust–large setae distally; rami 2 dorsal and 4 robust setae, distally settled.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4E4BB54F2BB34996" box="[625,733,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Uropod 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4ED6B54F2A204997" box="[748,846,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, uropod 1; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, paratype female gnathopod 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831819/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 6</figureCitation>
B), peduncle 1.2x as long as rami; one robust dorsal seta; rami 3–4 robust dorsal setae and 3–4 distally settled.
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977DFFFA4F12B5932AFD49BA" box="[808,915,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Uropod 3</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977DFFFA4F98B5932D6D49BB" box="[930,1027,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, uropod 1; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, paratype female gnathopod 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831819/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="205">Figure 6</figureCitation>
C), peduncle as long as outer ramus; 2 short and one long ventrodistal setae, 2 small dorsodistal setae; inner ramus like scale, 0.3x length of outer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977CFFFB4CADB2A42AFE4ED7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CADB2A429B34EB2" box="[151,221,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Telson</emphasis>
, 1.2x longer than broad, apices on each lobe deeply bifid, each with one short robust seta inserted into notch; 2 submarginal setae inserted dorsally midway from tip of each lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977CFFFB4CFDB2EC2A4D4F3D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CFDB2EC28154EFA" box="[199,379,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Epimeral plates</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977CFFFB4DB1B2EC28864EFA" box="[395,488,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[190,1314,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[190,1407,193,1977]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, lateral view of body; B, head; C, Epimera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A), plate 1 subquadrate, 2 robust setae on anterior half of ventral margin; epimeral plate 2 curved backward, 4 robust setae on anterior half of ventral margin; epimeral plate 3 convex backward to form a posteroventral tooth; one anterior large robust seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977CFFFB4CFDB37E2A4E4C1A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<typeStatus id="021B8808977CFFFB4CFDB37E28404F66" box="[199,302,333,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CFDB37E28404F66" box="[199,302,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Paratype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, female similar than male, but gnathopod 2 (
<figureCitation id="459B2A2F977CFFFB4F19B37F2AED4F67" box="[803,899,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[201,1386,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuuanu jaumei sp. nov. Holotype male, 3.0 mm. A, uropod 1; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, paratype female gnathopod 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831819/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Figure 6</figureCitation>
D) long and slender; basis as long as carpus and propodus, combined; basis 2 short setae on anterior margin; 4 setae on posterior margin; ischium 2 posterodistal setae; merus reduced in length, posterior margin obtuse, one long seta; carpus triangular, one dorsal seta distally; 5 tuft of curved forward setae, in posterior margin; propodus 5 equidistant setae on anterior margin; palm oblique; 2 long and 2 short setae on palmar margin; 2 long setae backward, surpassing anterior half of carpus; gill as long as basis and ischium, combined; oostegite poorly developed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95BA6521977CFFFB4CFDB0172D694C62" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977CFFFB4CFDB0172D694C62" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CFDB017280E4C3F" bold="true" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is only known from its
<typeStatus id="021B8808977CFFFB4F7BB0162A1F4C3F" box="[833,881,549,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">type</typeStatus>
locality: Northwestern Caribbean Sea (Mexican Caribbean), National Park Coral Reef Puerto
<collectingRegion id="1F64F848977CFFFB4EAEB0742B9A4C62" box="[660,756,583,608]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Morelos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F64F848977CFFFB4EC5B0742AF04C5D" box="[767,926,583,608]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1F64F848977CFFFB4F90B0742D6D4C62" box="[938,1027,583,608]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<collectingCountry id="A5B7763A977CFFFB4F90B0742D6D4C62" box="[938,1027,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95BA6521977CFFFB4CFDB05F28714CCE" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977CFFFB4CFDB05F28714CCE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CFDB05F28204C87" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named in honor to Damiá Jaume, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles,
<collectingRegion id="1F64F848977CFFFB4E9FB0BC2A304CAA" box="[677,862,655,680]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5B7763A977CFFFB4F57B0BC2ADE4CAA" box="[877,944,655,680]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Spain</collectingCountry>
, for his contributions to the knowledge on crustaceans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95BA6521977CFFFB4CFDB0E42B814A7F" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DD1F36AA977CFFFB4CFDB0E42B814A7F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CFDB0E428554CF2" bold="true" box="[199,315,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Remarks.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4D8EB0EA2B0D4CF2" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[436,611,729,752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D8EB0EA2B0D4CF2" box="[436,611,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4E57B0E42BA74CF2" box="[621,713,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4E57B0E42BA74CF2" bold="true" box="[621,713,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, are morphologically most similar to males of
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB48D7B0EA2C1F4CF2" authorityName="Mckinney &amp; Barnard" authorityYear="1977" box="[1261,1393,727,752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copillius">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB48D7B0EA2C1F4CF2" box="[1261,1393,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. copillius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB49B8B0EA299A4D17" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="1976" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB49B8B0EA299A4D17" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4D14B0CE28C94D16" authorityName="Vonk" authorityYear="1989" box="[302,423,765,788]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvata">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D14B0CE28C94D16" box="[302,423,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. curvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species all share the mammilliform cephalic lobe and geniculate peduncle of the antenna 1. Males of
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4D40B1122B484D3A" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[378,550,801,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D40B1122B484D3A" box="[378,550,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Nuuanu jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4E17B12C2BE94D3A" box="[557,647,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4E17B12C2BE94D3A" bold="true" box="[557,647,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, however, can be easily distinguished from these 3
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB48F2B1122C4F4D3A" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1970" box="[1224,1313,801,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB48F2B1122C4F4D3A" box="[1224,1313,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Nuuanu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the following characters: (1) accessory flagellum 2–articulate, short reaching article one of the primary flagellum in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4CADB15A286B4D82" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,261,873,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CADB15A286B4D82" box="[151,261,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4D36B15428094D82" box="[268,359,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D36B15428094D82" bold="true" box="[268,359,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, vs accessory flagellum 2–articulate reaching article 2 of the primary flagellum in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4928B15A2CFB4D82" authorityName="Mckinney &amp; Barnard" authorityYear="1977" box="[1298,1429,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copillius">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4928B15A2CFB4D82" box="[1298,1429,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. copillius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (2) telson with one short posterior robust setae on each lobes in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4F61B1BE2AA94DA6" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[859,967,909,932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4F61B1BE2AA94DA6" box="[859,967,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4FF7B1BF2D484DA7" box="[973,1062,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4FF7B1BF2D484DA7" bold="true" box="[973,1062,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, vs long posterior robust setae on each lobes in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4D0BB18228DC4DCA" authorityName="Mckinney &amp; Barnard" authorityYear="1977" box="[305,434,943,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copillius">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D0BB18228DC4DCA" box="[305,434,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. copillius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (3) in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4E3CB1822B1A4DCA" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[518,628,945,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4E3CB1822B1A4DCA" box="[518,628,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4E41B19C2BBB4DCA" box="[635,725,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4E41B19C2BBB4DCA" bold="true" box="[635,725,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, telson lobes are parallels and jointed vs lobes opened and “V” shape in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4CC6B1E628154DEF" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="1976" box="[252,379,980,1005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4CC6B1E628154DEF" box="[252,379,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (4) basis of pereopod 6 devoid of posterior lobe distally in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4810B1E62DF94DEE" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[1066,1175,981,1004]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4810B1E62DF94DEE" box="[1066,1175,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB48A5B1E72D944DEF" box="[1183,1274,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB48A5B1E72D944DEF" bold="true" box="[1183,1274,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, vs basis with posterior lobe in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4D6FB1CA28BC4A12" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="1976" box="[341,466,1015,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D6FB1CA28BC4A12" box="[341,466,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (5) merus of pereopod 6 with 12–13 robust setae in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB481EB1CA2DFF4A12" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[1060,1169,1017,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB481EB1CA2DFF4A12" box="[1060,1169,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB48A2B1C42D9F4A12" box="[1176,1265,1015,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB48A2B1C42D9F4A12" bold="true" box="[1176,1265,1015,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, vs merus with 6 robust setae on
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4D61B62E28B64A37" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="1976" box="[347,472,1052,1077]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4D61B62E28B64A37" box="[347,472,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (6) in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4E16B62E2BF64A36" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[556,664,1053,1076]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4E16B62E2BF64A36" box="[556,664,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4E9AB62F2B974A37" box="[672,761,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4E9AB62F2B974A37" bold="true" box="[672,761,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, epimeral plate 1 without mid–ventral hook vs hook present in
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4C83B672285A4A5A" authorityName="Vonk" authorityYear="1989" box="[185,308,1089,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvata">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4C83B672285A4A5A" box="[185,308,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. curvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The main morphological differences between
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB4F5CB6722AB64A5A" authority="Ortiz &amp; Winfield, 2017" authorityName="Ortiz &amp; Winfield" authorityYear="2017" box="[870,984,1089,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaumei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4F5CB6722AB64A5A" box="[870,984,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">N. jaumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E757C3977CFFFB4FDFB60C2D2A4A5A" box="[997,1092,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB4FDFB60C2D2A4A5A" bold="true" box="[997,1092,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA04D29977CFFFB48B6B6722D8B4A5A" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1970" box="[1164,1253,1089,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Nuuanuidae" genus="Nuuanu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD4EAB8977CFFFB48B6B6722D8B4A5A" box="[1164,1253,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="206">Nuuanu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can be founded by using the provided male and female keys.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

246
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<taxonomicName authority="(Forskal, 1775): 77" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">
Graphipterus serrator (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forskål">Forskal</normalizedToken>
, 1775): 77
</taxonomicName>
Figs 1, 3f, 4b, 4c, 5, 6a, 7, 9m, 10a, 14, 19, 26b, 28b, c, d
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">Carabus serrator</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forskål">Forskal</normalizedToken>
, 1775: 77 (Aegypten)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus variegatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">Carabus variegatus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1781: 501 (Orient)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus variegatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">Carabus variegatus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1792: 147 (Orient)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="serrator" subSpecies="lobatus">Graphipterus serrator lobatus</taxonomicName>
Alfieri, 1976: 15 [unavailable name]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="serrator" subSpecies="sexguttatus">Graphipterus serrator sexguttatus</taxonomicName>
Alfieri, 1976: 15 [unavailable name]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
Type material of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">Carabus serrator</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Holotype: ♀ (White label with blue margin, black handwritten): &lt;Graphipterus Latr./serrator Forsk./Aegypten&gt;. Deposited in ZMUC [examined].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
Type material of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus variegatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">Carabus variegatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Holotype: gender unknown (only fragments of a beetle preserved). (White label with black margin, black handwritten): &lt;variegatus/ 824&gt;. Deposited in ZMK [examined] (Fig. 28d).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Large species with 10-12 isolated white round spots on elytra: anterior and posterior discal spots larger than other spots, six smaller spots near suture form circular pattern on disc; four white marginal extensions present, extension I triangular. Median lobe of aedeagus with ventrally bent tip.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">Graphipterus serrator</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. valdanii" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="valdanii">G. valdanii</taxonomicName>
from which it differs mainly by the following characters:
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
: mentum with three teeth, mid tooth shallow; PL/PW (0.72); BPW/HW (0.8); EL/EW rounded (1.18); elytra lateral margin wide as antennomere I long; Claws of hind legs dark.
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. valdanii" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="valdanii">G. valdanii</taxonomicName>
: mentum with three teeth, merges shallow and mid tooth bolt; PL/PW (0.64); BPW/HW (1); EL/EW elongated (1.3); elytra lateral margin wide as half antennomere I long; Claws of hind legs brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
BL male: 17-18 mm, average 17.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4 mm; BL female: 17.4-21.4 mm, average 19.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Head medium; HW/PW: 0.76; EYL: 1.6-1.8.0 mm; EYL/EL: 0.16. Mentum with three teeth, mid tooth shallow (Fig. 3f). Frontal ridge absent. In male, Apical white frons stripes slenderer than exposed frons (Fig. 4b). Pronotum wide; PL/PW: 0.58; BPW/PW: 0.65; posteromedially concave and without white margins; white lateral margin as wide as antennomere I long.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Elytra oval, humeri rounded; EL: 9.3-11.3 mm, average 10.3 mm; EW: 7.0-9.8 mm, average 8.4 mm; EL/EW: 1.2. Lateral cross section convex. Elytra with dense black scales, disc of elytra not visible between scales (Fig. 6a). White lateral margin nearly as wide as antennomere I long and with four extensions; extension I triangular with rounded angels, margin of elytra wider and shorter than extension II; the latter one elongated; at third quarter of elytra, imaginary line connecting the medial ends of the extension I and I parallel to the suture. White posterior margin forming gap at suture which is wider than lateral margin. Disc usually with 10, sometimes 12 round spots; anterior pair of spots circular to slightly elongate, narrower than extension I, larger than the six central spots forming a circular pattern; anterior and posterior pair of spots circular rounded, larger than other spots; small additional spots frequently present laterally to the posterior spots. Apical sinuation strongly developed, apex protruded, almost rectangular, only slightly rounded at most distant tip (Fig. 7a). Suture inconspicuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Legs long; MTIL: 4.8-7.4 mm, average 6.1 mm; El/MTIL: 1.7. Metatibial secondary spur dark. MTAL: 4.0-5.3 mm, average 4.6 mm; MTAL/MTIL: 0.8. Claws of hind legs black at base. Median lobe of aedeagus with ventrally bent tip (Fig. 9m).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
Very common in arid sandy habitats, it shows a significant habitat preference for the crest of shifting sand dunes (Fig. 14). It avoids stabilized interdunes and half-stabilized dune slopes (
<bibRefCitation author="Renan, I" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="51" pageNumber="74" pagination="134 - 139" title="Biodiversity loss resulting from cessation in traditional land use in a sandy desert in Israel." volume="2" year="2011">Renan et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The sandy habitat in the western Negev sand dunes is poor in perennial woody plants with maximal coverage of 10-15% (
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Perry 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Siegal, Z" journalOrPublisher="Aeolian Research" pageId="52" pageNumber="75" pagination="161 - 173" title="Effects of prolonged drought on the vegetation cover of sand dunes in the NW Negev Desert: Field survey, remote sensing and conceptual modeling." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.02.002" volume="9" year="2013">Siegal et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The dominant perennial plants are
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Retama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Retama raetam" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="raetam">Retama raetam</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="Graphipterina" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stipagrostis scoparia" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparia">Stipagrostis scoparia</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="Graphipterina" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
Figure 14. Habitat of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">Graphipterus serrator</taxonomicName>
: Shifting sand dunes in the Western Negev Sands, Israel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="co-occurring species">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Co-occurring species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">Graphipterus serrator</taxonomicName>
lives in sympatry with
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
in Egypt and Israel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">North-east Egypt (incl. Sinai) and Israel. In Israel it is restricted to the western Negev sand dunes (Fig. 19).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
The sand dunes in the western Negev suffer from two major threats: agricultural development that has caused a significant loss of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="sands’">sands'</normalizedToken>
range (
<bibRefCitation author="Ben David, I" journalOrPublisher="The Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Tel Aviv" pageId="49" pageNumber="72" title="Construction plans threats the open landscape in Israel." year="2013">Ben David and Avni 2013</bibRefCitation>
), and a stabilizing process of the shifting sand resulting from a bio-crust (Kidron and Abeliovich 2009). In the Sinai Peninsula, a lack of shrubs as a result of overgrazing threats the population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
The female holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrator">Carabus serrator</taxonomicName>
has been considered lost (
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Basilewsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
), but it was recently found by us in ZMUC (Fig. 28
<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
). After studying the type material, we agree with
<bibRefCitation author="Hurka, K" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Skerninge" pageId="50" pageNumber="73" title="Carabidae. In: Loebl I and Smetana A (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga." year="2003">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hůrka">Hurka</normalizedToken>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Lorenz, Tutzing" pageId="51" pageNumber="74" title="Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Coleoptera &quot; Geadephaga &quot;: Trachypachidae and Carabidae, incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second edition." year="2005">Lorenz (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Huber and Marggi (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, that variegatus (
<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Proft, Hafniae" pageId="50" pageNumber="73" title="Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Pars I. C. G." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.125869" year="1792">Fabricius 1792</bibRefCitation>
) falls within the morphological variability of serrator. Therefore variegatus is confirmed as a junior synonym of serrator (Fig. 28d).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus serrator" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="serrator" subSpecies="lobatus">Graphipterus serrator lobatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="subSpecies" species="serrator" subSpecies="sexmaculatus">G. serrator sexmaculatus</taxonomicName>
were considered by
<bibRefCitation author="Alfieri, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Egypte" pageId="49" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 361" title="The Coleoptera of Egypt." volume="5" year="1976">Alfieri (1976)</bibRefCitation>
as variations of
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
. Following the
<bibRefCitation author="Hurka, K" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="50" pageNumber="73" title="International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition." year="1999">ICZN (1999</bibRefCitation>
, Article 45.6.3), a taxon that is described as a variation after 1960 is not valid. Moreover, no holotype has been designated. Therefore, both lobatus Alfieri and sexmaculatus Alfieri are not available names. One specimen from the western Negev sands was found with intermediate characters of
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="subSpecies" species="serrator" subSpecies="serrator">G. serrator serrator</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
, and this specimen seems to be a hybrid between them: ♂ Israel, Holot Agur, May 2012, leg. I. Renan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
Adults emerge immediately after the first significant rainfall and inhabit sandy dunes or sand and loess plains and edges of salt lakes. In the spring following an average rainy winter, the species can densely populate the dunes (one observer
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="54" start="start">can</pageBreakToken>
locate up to 40 individuals within one hour). Their diet is based mainly on ants and occasionally on other small insects, as well as on dead insects and dead reptiles. Activity is limited by temperature: it begins at a soil temperature of approximetly 18 °C, and ceases at a soil temperature of approximetly 39 °C. By moving between sun-exposed microhabitats and the shadow of dwarf-shrubs can prolong the activity period. Strong wind halts activity due to the beetle's sensitivity to dehydration. Some activity also occurs in the afternoon, but it is significantly lower than in the morning peak hours.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="31" pageNumber="54">
Prior to commencing inactivity, the beetle digs a short burrow with a narrow elliptic cross-section into the
<normalizedToken originalValue="dune’s">dune's</normalizedToken>
slope. The digging is performed mainly with the hind legs and secondarily with the middle legs. The well-developed, spoon-shaped metatibial spurs (see fig. 4a in
<bibRefCitation author="Assmann, T" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="49" pageNumber="72" pagination="49 - 69" title="The ground beetle tribe Cyclosomini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Israel." volume="38" year="2015">Assmann et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) seem to function as a shovel. The
<normalizedToken originalValue="burrow’s">burrow's</normalizedToken>
opening usually collapses behind the beetle or is covered by shifting sand. In the burrow, a few centimeters below the sand surface, the beetle is relatively protected from predation and can probably still detect the outside temperature and light conditions. In enclosure experiments with individual markings and variation in population density, one of us found that even during the peak activity season, most of the specimens spend most of the days without displaying epigeic activity. An encounter between two individuals of any gender immediately develops into a short, hasty, bite battle and the
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="55" start="start">escape</pageBreakToken>
of the loser. In some regions, shade is a limited resource and the battle occurs mainly under bushes and dwarf-shrubs. An encounter between male and female starts with an aggressive fight. The persistent male will then mount the back of the female. His forelegs grasp the female between the basal part of the pronotum and the elytral humeri, while the female tries to grab the male with her hind legs. The copulation lasts for approximately 30 minutes and occurs mostly beneath perennial vegetation. During the fight, the beetles stridulate. This sound is produced when the beetles are threatened by other individuals or by potential predators (Renan unpublished data, based on field observations and arena experiments).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="55" type="scraping record">
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Scraping record.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">
Comparing
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
's scraping spectrograms with those from its co-occurring species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
, reveals clear differences in pulse intervals as well as in the sound pressure level (Fig. 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="61AD24E820E08E97B07790F1D443DF8F" ID-CoL="6Y2SK" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geranioides" status="spec. nov.">Saxifraga geranioides</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="31B4531A29593AD50FF49D7CF7D765AF" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4964802D4CFF861D489E009740DA9B26" pageNumber="401">
11. Saxifraga foliis cordato-ovalibus retusis cartilagineo-crenatis, caule nudo paniculato.
<emphasis id="E306A3C008895CBE0DB19E23339FC0FA" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 167.</emphasis>
*
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FBD7BC0C5B0E67B270DB01ECAE3A5164" pageNumber="401">
Geum foliis petiolatis retusis, ora cartilaginea, serrata, caule ramoso.
<emphasis id="40CB6C4103E2E3300183D3856E08D355" italics="true">Hall. helv. 400.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C4A7119F21B6633BE0471FFEF266A4F" pageNumber="401">
Sanicula montana rotundifolia minor.
<emphasis id="E0590CA513BB4490535D2559F80EB4FF" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 243.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A3DF1DAC553636C86738CB8D492FBD91" italics="true">Habitat in Alpibus</emphasis>
Helveticis
<emphasis id="1D953EC039CA18502EC11B5A450507F4" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Pyrenaicis
<emphasis id="ABA97449880A7E85EBF271ECC7E67CBD" italics="true">. ♃</emphasis>
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Jhan &amp; Rahman, in
<bibRefCitation author="Jhan, PK" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Innovative Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 4" refId="B7" refString="Jhan, PK, Rahman, MA, Khan, MH, Jahan, H, 2016. A newly recorded genus Hauptenia Szwedo (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorph: Derbidae) in Bangladesh, with description of a new species. International Journal of Innovative Research 1 (1): 1 - 4" title="A newly recorded genus Hauptenia Szwedo (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorph: Derbidae) in Bangladesh, with description of a new species." volume="1" year="2016">Jhan et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 2-3, figs 1, 2.
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(Based on
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). General color yellowish brown. Fore wing light brown, hind wing pale brown. Fore wing longer than widest part ~ 3: 1, RA with two terminals, MP with four sectors. Hind wing with CuA with three terminals. Gonostyli with apical margin obliquely truncate, dorsocaudal angle not produced; each inner lower surface with a hook subapically. Endosoma of aedeagus with six processes and three lobes out of four produced into processes.
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105
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<emphasis id="806656740346F58699220C8DA6BB4B48" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="772">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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Not stated. Restricted by
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Robinson and Kloss (1918
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, 221) to Preanger Regencies, Western
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,
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.
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subsp.
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;
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<emphasis id="A25A265D4BA55F270AC793B011B4D192" italics="true" pageNumber="772">Petaurista petaurista</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="A18A301DDE67FC32629BDFFD4AACC99B" italics="true" pageNumber="772">taguan</emphasis>
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.
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<mods:namePart>Salino, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Thais E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182227591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550B61379F3E5A91AAB91ECC67250A15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550B61379F3E5A91AAB91ECC67250A15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName LSID="550B6137-9F3E-5A91-AAB9-1ECC67250A15" authority="(A. R. Sm. &amp; M. Kessler) Salino &amp; T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino &amp; T. E. Almeida" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. &amp; M. Kessler" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amauropelta lumbricoides" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lumbricoides" status="comb. nov.">Amauropelta lumbricoides (A.R.Sm. &amp; M.Kessler) Salino &amp; T.E.Almeida</taxonomicName>
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<bibRef pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refId="">, Brittonia 60(1): 54. 2008.</bibRef>
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Gaertn.
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Artbeschreibung:
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hoch, meist reich verzweigt, zerstreut behaart bis fast kahl.
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<normalizedToken id="995F8FBD7DC171CCDCB96228AF5D2F8D" originalValue="Blätter" pageNumber="1100">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
breit-lanzettlich
</emphasis>
, +/- ganzrandig, oft wellig,
<emphasis id="BE7EC2A8784A8322C4244B35918FE08B" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">die oberen mit abgerundetem Grund sitzend</emphasis>
.
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in lockeren Rispen, Durchmesser ca.
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,
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gelb.
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ca.
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breit, aufrecht, nur wenig
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als die
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.
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als innere (bei
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<emphasis id="28E293C07C7F9679A56BCF8B6DC14741" italics="true" pageNumber="1116">P. dysenterica</emphasis>
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+/- gleich lang).
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ca.
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lang, behaart. Pappus mit wenigen
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langen Borsten.
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: 7-8
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Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Sumpfwiesen, feuchte Wege / kollin /
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MW und TI
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<paragraph id="EA082D35827B0391FC4B3C5E2A5A91D4" pageNumber="1116">Verbreitung global: Eurasiatisch</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8403C05E510931DD757BAC08F24A8277" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="CA4DB09DB05A706DF0B7CFD8E7217238" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="692725249B9E295EEF82755BB2660B1F" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="1116" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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<th id="C752922F4B9E27A15564F6715DEC3DA9" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="32411378BD973947149692FD68C30FD9" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="30F851BCC38D08E0115765DA62A423AD" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="E0A753E805D7DEAAEEDFBFA4AFC20B30" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="C30FD7F3B605D9BCE17514B02760EBBE" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A1D058663517AF8E5FF1F660983D4662" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="68CD2D2986BA15F2C86C9FFCC46F8763" pageNumber="1116">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="C58FF51F289F8449828DC57EB8A88E24" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
sehr feucht; Feuchtigkeit stark wechselnd (mehr als
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2 Stufen)
</td>
<td id="7E1E19D050999450F5C272499C4C3558" pageNumber="1116">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="B8FBE8F8F57A6EBF082A6B01BE5EF1CF" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="0E797436819A398D4392B919911AED3C" pageNumber="1116">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="1AACEF9EF354308A60508526220CDEC4" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:60px">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4257C276BCE8B5456506432BBDCE8B68" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="8079FF5BAA828F6EA19C9A7177B34897" pageNumber="1116">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="5D6F83927259CB248AF3609D3F0E138A" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">sauer (pH 3.5-6.5)</td>
<td id="A3D08F4858261EE8E41D760904D8D024" pageNumber="1116">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="026642FC7A71871CB12E4FB435E90A81" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">warm-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8E001066F55CD14826DF812977022670" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="00F0D7800400259A2998A745215E407C" pageNumber="1116">
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N
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sehr
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bis
<normalizedToken id="35BB94D3D1D5DC2874C3CE84A30601D0" originalValue="überdüngt">ueberduengt</normalizedToken>
</td>
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<normalizedToken id="78705477132ECC2EAF9D516D2F6491FC" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="DCEA0E83F78DA51F4412AE2A19C64FB3" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="158D2D4FAA847C3E326ECA226080C808" pageNumber="1116">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
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Nom
<normalizedToken id="2AF69EB73295AAD747C7AF749691720B" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="E51B674FDCF28859B26938BE57C7D1F0" language="fra" pageNumber="1116">Pulicaire commune</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="FBF0492BC44E27E22AA9B7A40C6423CE" language="ita" pageNumber="1116">Incensaria fetida</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="2161AD237E7AA597FD3FD615DFF351B0">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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REFERRED SPECIMENS. — SAM PQ 2717, isolated rostrum, trawled off Saldanha Bay, west coast of
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, Atlantic Ocean, depth of
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; SAM PQ 2719, isolated rostrum, trawled off the South African coast.
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DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION (
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;
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C158FF83FD61741EFB0703CA" blockId="38.[677,1210,1610,1700]" pageId="38" pageNumber="599">The isolated rostra SAM PQ 2717 and SAM PQ 2719, preserved for a length of respectively 519</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C159FF82FF6672ACFD780591" blockId="39.[162,710,219,255]" box="[162,710,219,255]" pageId="39" pageNumber="600">A premaxilla maxilla thickened vomer</paragraph>
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FIG. 31. — Rostrum of
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indet. (SAM PQ 2717):
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, dorsal view;
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, lateral view;
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, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
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and
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, are characterized by a very unusual structure.
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The premaxilla is weakly modified compared to the general odontocete plan. It occupies the margins of the mesorostral groove in dorsal view and the upturned apex of the rostrum, ventrally appearing on the first third of the rostrum. At the apex of the maxilla, the rostrum has a width of respectively 60 and
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for SAM PQ 2717 and SAM PQ 2719 and a height of respectively 56 and
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. The mesorostral groove is partially filled by the thickened lateral walls of the vomer, leaving an open median V-shaped groove. The development of the vomer in the mesorostral groove combined with high-density bone tissue is mostly observed in ziphiids (see above). Ventrally, the exposure of the vomer is respectively 290 and
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.
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The maxilla is highly modified; the lateral margin is considerably elevated laterodorsally along the posterior two thirds of the rostrum. This lateral maxillary crest is robust at its base, progressively thinning dorsally. The maximum height of the crest is mid-way along the rostrum.The two crests anteriorly delimit a wide and deep basin, ending at some distance before the apex of the maxilla. The inner wall of the crest is striated with vascularization sulci, best seen in SAM PQ 2717. On this specimen, the outer wall of the crest, continuous with the wide ventral surface of the rostrum, bears a shallow alveolar groove punctuated by a series of rounded protuberances interpreted as unerupted teeth. No alveolar groove is observed in SAM PQ 2719. The basin is considerably larger in SAM PQ 2717 (maximum width and height of the rostrum respectively 230 and
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), a difference that might correspond to sexual dimorphism, as seen in
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for the supracranial basin, in
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for the prenarial basin, and in
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spp. for the maxillary crests.
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Similarities with
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C156FF8DFE8E77DCFE7400AB" box="[330,458,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="601">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
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spp. at the level of the maxillary crests are functionally rejected: the high maxillary crests of the latter do not form a basin. If the prenarial basin of
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is differently built, the supracranial basin of the physeterids bearing the spermaceti organ is relatively similar, especially in
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C156FF8DFE14741DFDC103ED" box="[464,639,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="601">P. macrocephalus</emphasis>
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. Significant thickening of the vomer has not been described in physeterids until now and we therefore may not refer with certainty these relatively small specimens to the
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. On the other hand, their maxilla differs significantly from the known ziphiids. Future information about the bony nares and additional cranial characters would be crucial to solve the familial affinities of this strange whale.
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<heading id="865581B9C15AFF81FF3C745DFDBE032B" box="[248,512,1578,1605]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FF3C745DFDBE032B" bold="true" box="[248,512,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Pterocetus aff. benguelae</emphasis>
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REFERRED SPECIMENS. — SAM PQ 1770, partial skull including the rostrum and most of the dorsal surface of the cranium with vertex, trawled
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west of Slang-
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kop, Atlantic Ocean, depth of
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; SAM PQ 2751, rostrum, trawled off the South African coast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15AFF81FD6176B9FC510188" blockId="36.[677,1210,1230,1699]" box="[677,1007,1230,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION</paragraph>
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(FIGS 28; 29C, D;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC15AFF81FCAB7699FC760067" box="[879,968,1262,1289]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="54.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in mm) on the skulls of Ziphiidae incertae sedis from the Neogene of South Africa. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="36" pageNumber="597">TABLE 5</tableCitation>
)
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The general shape and the anterior position of the premaxillary foramen cause us to refer the two specimens to
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FCB3773AFC5A0008" box="[887,996,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Pterocetus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15AFF81FC29773AFB800009" box="[1005,1086,1357,1383]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Moreover, SAM PQ 1770 shows the deep and wide antorbital notch characteristic for
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15AFF81FC3177FBFBDF00CB" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[1013,1121,1420,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FC3177FBFBDF00CB" box="[1013,1121,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Pterocetus</emphasis>
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Nevertheless, both specimens differ from those referred above to
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FCB177BBFBE6008B" box="[885,1112,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15AFF81FBA777BBFD5D036B" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in their lower rostrum with an anteriorly flatter ventral surface. This difference in robustness might correspond to an intraspecific sexual dimorphism, as observed in the extant
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15AFF81FBFB743DFCA403ED" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FBFB743DFCA403ED" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Mesoplodon densirostris</emphasis>
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, whose rostrum is considerably more robust in the males than in the females (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C15AFF81FB9F74FEFB1203CD" box="[1115,1196,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[113,124,1300,1317]" captionTargetBox="[196,1127,822,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-84@38.[123,1204,810,1260]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 30. — A, B, rostrum of male of Mesoplodon densirostris (SAM ZM 40663); A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, D, rostrum of female of M. densirostris (SAM ZM 40836); C, dorsal view; D, lateral view. Reduced to the same lenght." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651145/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15BFF80FFB57797FCA50369" blockId="37.[113,1209,1433,1543]" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">
FIG. 28. — Skull of
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FED47797FED4009F" box="[272,362,1504,1521]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">Pterocetus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FE4B7797FE5B009F" box="[399,485,1504,1521]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">benguelae</emphasis>
(SAM PQ 1770)
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:
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FDB27797FD3D009F" bold="true" box="[630,643,1504,1521]" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FD337797FCBA009F" bold="true" box="[759,772,1504,1521]" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">B</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FC417797FC2D009F" bold="true" box="[901,915,1504,1521]" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">C</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FBC17797FBAD009F" bold="true" box="[1029,1043,1504,1521]" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">D</emphasis>
, detail of the vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15BFF80FF2A7781FF440369" bold="true" box="[238,250,1526,1543]" pageId="37" pageNumber="598">E</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A-C,
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; D, E,
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.
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However, in this case the difference in robustness of the rostrum is reinforced by the strong mesorostral ossification of the vomer, mostly present in the adult male, while both the robust and slender fossil rostra described above exhibit a complete mesorostral ossification. Other small differences are observed between SAM PQ 1770 and the
<typeStatus id="02198877C158FF83FF0977DCFE9100AB" box="[205,303,1451,1477]" pageId="38" pageNumber="599" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C158FF83FE9777DBFD9500AB" box="[339,555,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="599">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
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at the level of the vertex: the nasals are narrower, the bony nares are smaller, the premaxillary crest seems laterally less developed, and the constriction of the ascending process is almost absent. Considering these differences, referral of SAM PQ 1770 and SAM PQ 2751 to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C158FF83FDD9741DFEBD03CD" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benguelae">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C158FF83FDD9741DFD3803ED" box="[541,646,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="599">Pterocetus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C158FF83FF5874FEFEBD03CD" box="[156,259,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="599">benguelae</emphasis>
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seems justified.
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<mods:title id="3BF3365308BF32B3117E5AC3076387F4">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FF287638FE740107" bold="true" box="[236,458,1102,1129]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FFB576FEFEBD01BF" blockId="34.[113,647,1160,1234]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C15CFF87FFB576FEFEBD01BF" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" specimenCode="PQ 2803" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C15CFF87FFB576FEFF6501F1" box="[113,219,1161,1184]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C15CFF87FECC76FFFE8501CE" box="[264,315,1160,1184]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC15CFF87FE8776FFFE1C01CE" box="[323,418,1160,1184]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">PQ 2803</specimenCode>
, partial skull including most of the rostrum, the anterior part of the cranium, and the vertex.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FFB5769DFF460013" blockId="34.[113,647,1258,1406]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
REFERRED SPECIMENS. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C15CFF87FEAF769DFE20006C" box="[363,414,1258,1282]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 69684, partial skull including a part of the rostrum and anterior part of the cranium, trawled west of
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C15CFF87FEA9776CFE1E005D" box="[365,416,1307,1331]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town, Atlantic Ocean;
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C15CFF87FFB57743FF1B0022" box="[113,165,1332,1356]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 2163, partial skull including rostrum base and anterior part of the cranium, trawled off the South African coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC15CFF87FFB577E1FE430096" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FFB577E1FE430096" blockId="34.[113,647,1430,1528]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
ETYMOLOGY. — From Benguela Current, the oceanic current running along south-east Africa, probably since the Miocene epoch. The
<typeStatus id="02198877C15CFF87FEAB77B0FE7800B1" box="[367,454,1479,1503]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of this species was found off the west coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C15CFF87FEBE7797FE470096" box="[378,505,1504,1528]" name="South Africa" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC15CFF87FFB57466FEAC0337" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FFB57466FEAC0337" blockId="34.[113,647,1552,1626]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C15CFF87FFB57466FEBA0349" box="[113,260,1553,1576]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No exact locality. Trawled south of Saldanha Bay, west coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C15CFF87FEB5745EFE54032F" box="[369,490,1577,1601]" name="South Africa" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Atlantic Ocean, depth of
<specimenCount id="CBA4FD5CC15CFF87FF0E7435FEAC0337" box="[202,274,1602,1626]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="generic">
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C15CFF87FF0E7435FEB00337" box="[202,270,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC15CFF87FFB57404FBA7070D" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FFB57404FBA7070D" blockId="34.[113,646,1650,1699]" lastBlockId="34.[677,1210,215,611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FEC37404FE7F03E4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[263,449,1650,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benguelae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FEC37404FE7F03E4" box="[263,449,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15CFF87FE027404FDF803E4" box="[454,582,1651,1675]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FF3974FCFEE203CD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[253,348,1675,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ziphiidae</taxonomicName>
in wider and deeper antorbital notch with much anterolaterally developed preorbital process and from all other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FC657287FBBC0466" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[929,1026,240,264]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ziphiidae</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FB887287FB070466" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1968" box="[1100,1209,240,264]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Indopacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FB887287FB070466" box="[1100,1209,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Indopacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FD08737FFCFB044E" authorityName="du Bus" authorityYear="1868" box="[716,837,264,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ziphirostrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FD08737FFCFB044E" box="[716,837,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Ziphirostrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the premaxillary foramen positioned distinctly anterior to the level of the antorbital notch. It shares with the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FC94734DFBBE043C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[848,1024,314,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FBF0734CFB22043C" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[1076,1180,315,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FBF0734CFB22043C" box="[1076,1180,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
an anteromedian depression of the dorsal surface of the nasals and a strong constriction of the ascending process of the premaxilla. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FC2B73F3FB2304F2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[1007,1181,388,412]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
in lesser dorsomedial reabsorbing of the nasals. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FD1973C0FCF804A0" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[733,838,439,462]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FD1973C0FCF804A0" box="[733,838,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: smaller size; less pointed rostrum with narrower rostrum base; mesorostral groove filled with vomer and a shallower alveolar groove. It further differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FCE67077FC380776" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[802,902,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Xhosacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FCE67077FC380776" box="[802,902,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Xhosacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15CFF87FC4A7076FC6B0777" box="[910,981,513,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the lower maxillary crest. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FCA0706EFC68075F" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1983" box="[868,982,537,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ninoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FCA0706EFC68075F" box="[868,982,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Ninoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: elevated and narrow rostrum; mesorostral groove filled with ossified vomer and reduction of the maxillary alveoli.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC15CFF81FD6170E3FF52008B" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="597" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FD6170E3FB2C0662" blockId="34.[677,1210,660,1700]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C15CFF87FC8170E2FC2507C1" box="[837,923,661,687]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[137,1186,220,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-18@35.[130,1211,203,1593]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 26. — Skull of Pterocetus benguelae n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2803, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651136/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">FIGS 26</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="45992A50C15CFF87FC6370E2FC7B07C1" box="[935,965,661,687]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[112,123,1037,1054]" captionTargetBox="[121,1206,219,996]" captionTargetId="figure-22@36.[112,1201,195,1027]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 27. — Skull of Pterocetus benguelae n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2803, holotype): A, detail of the vertex in dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651139/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">27</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="45992A50C15CFF87FC1570E2FBD007C2" box="[977,1134,660,687]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[113,124,731,748]" captionTargetBox="[132,1186,225,684]" captionTargetId="figure-22@38.[117,1205,220,711]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 29. — A, B, incomplete skull of Pterocetus benguelae n. gen., n. sp.(SAM PQ 69684);A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, D, rostrum of P. aff. benguelae (SAM PQ 2751); C, dorsal view; D, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651143/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">29A, B; TABLE</figureCitation>
5) None of the three known specimens includes the apex of the rostrum;
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C15CFF87FCB270A4FB310662" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" specimenCode="PQ 69684" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
several centimetres are probably missing in the
<typeStatus id="02198877C15CFF87FC877085FC1C0662" box="[835,930,754,780]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C15CFF87FC1C7085FBAF0662" box="[984,1041,754,780]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC15CFF87FBDC7085FB310662" box="[1048,1167,754,780]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">PQ 69684</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FD7F7165FB890107" blockId="34.[677,1210,660,1700]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">The rostrum is moderately elongated, slightly higher than wide with lateral margins parallel for most of its length. The mesorostral groove is completely filled by the vomer. A distinct median suture is visible on the vomer for the first centimetres of the rostrum base, indicating a posterior development of the bone by thickening of the lateral walls until their median contact. A shallow alveolar groove is still present without alveoli marks. The acute ventral margin of the alveolar groove extends until the antorbital notch where it ventrally limits a small basin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FD7F7619FC59034A" blockId="34.[677,1210,660,1700]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">
The premaxillary foramen is located distinctly anterior to the antorbital notch, which indicates an elongated premaxillary sac fossa, a character also present in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FCD576BAFC370189" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1968" box="[785,905,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Indopacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FCD576BAFC370189" box="[785,905,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Indopacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An even more anterior position of the premaxillary foramen is seen for example in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FD7B777AFCC80049" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[703,886,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FD7B777AFCC80049" box="[703,886,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Ziphius cavirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15CFF87FC63777AFB0C0049" box="[935,1202,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ziphirostrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatum">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FC63777AFB0C0049" box="[935,1202,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Ziphirostrum marginatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but associated with a deep prenarial basin. A large circular maxillary foramen opens anterodorsally just medial to the antorbital notch. The notch is widely open and deep, because of the strong development of the preorbital process, which forms a peculiar anterolateral extension of the cranium. In anterior view, the frontal is visible in the preorbital process between maxilla and lacrimal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FD7F745CFCF603CA" blockId="34.[677,1210,660,1700]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">In anterior view, the ascending process of the premaxilla is strongly constricted ventral to the vertical, thick and wide, transversely directed premaxillary crest.</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC15DFF86FFB5740DFEBB03CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651136" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651136/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="596" startId="35.[113,124,1658,1675]" targetBox="[137,1186,220,1588]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15DFF86FFB5740DFEBB03CF" blockId="35.[113,1211,1658,1697]" pageId="35" pageNumber="596">
FIG. 26. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15DFF86FED0740DFE7403E5" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[276,458,1658,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="35" pageNumber="596" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benguelae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15DFF86FED0740DFE7403E5" box="[276,458,1658,1675]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="596">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15DFF86FE15740DFDF703E5" box="[465,585,1658,1675]" pageId="35" pageNumber="596" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2803, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15DFF86FCF4740DFC8303E5" bold="true" box="[816,829,1658,1675]" pageId="35" pageNumber="596">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15DFF86FC70740DFC7F03E5" bold="true" box="[948,961,1658,1675]" pageId="35" pageNumber="596">B</emphasis>
, ventral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15DFF86FBF9740DFBF503E5" bold="true" box="[1085,1099,1658,1675]" pageId="35" pageNumber="596">C</emphasis>
, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DD665DC15AFF81FFB4767AFC77015A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651139/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" startId="36.[112,123,1037,1054]" targetBox="[121,1206,219,996]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15AFF81FFB4767AFC77015A" blockId="36.[112,1209,1037,1076]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">
FIG. 27. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15AFF81FEC8767AFE7F0170" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[268,449,1037,1054]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benguelae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FEC8767AFE7F0170" box="[268,449,1037,1054]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15AFF81FE02767AFD860170" box="[454,568,1037,1054]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2803, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FCD2767AFC9D0170" bold="true" box="[790,803,1037,1054]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">A</emphasis>
, detail of the vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FB82767AFBED0170" bold="true" box="[1094,1107,1037,1054]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FECD7654FEA9015A" bold="true" box="[265,279,1059,1076]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FE527654FE1A015A" bold="true" box="[406,420,1059,1076]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15AFF81FF4C7618FF52008B" blockId="36.[113,647,1134,1509]" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">
On the moderately elevated vertex, the nasals are wide and pentagon-shaped. Their anterolateral corner extends only a short distance into the premaxillary crest. A vertical groove excavates the anterior margin of each nasal. The right nasal is longer posteriorly than the left. The dorsal surface of the nasals is slightly depressed anteromedially, similar to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15AFF81FF2F773AFEDB0008" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[235,357,1357,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15AFF81FF2F773AFEDB0008" box="[235,357,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="597">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Posteriorly, the frontals are narrower than the nasals with a minimum length of
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C15AFF81FF2577FBFE8700C8" box="[225,313,1420,1446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="36" pageNumber="597" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
. On the vertex, the frontal is contacted by the long posterior projection of the premaxilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Genus
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SPECIES
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. —
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15CFF87FEDF713AFE67060A" box="[283,473,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">Pterocetus benguelae</emphasis>
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, by present designation.
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FFB571E0FE01068D" blockId="34.[113,646,919,996]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">ETYMOLOGY. — From Ancient Greek “pteryx”, wing, for the large wing-like preorbital processes and from Latin “cetus”, whale. Gender masculine.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFCE771E6FC4706C2" bold="true" box="[803,1017,913,940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Xhosacetus hendeysi</emphasis>
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. —
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ETYMOLOGY. — Honouring Dr. Q. Brett Hendey, geologist and palaeontologist formerly at the SAM who dedicated his career to Tertiary terrestrial and marine mammals from
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, particularly from the famous site of Langebaanweg.
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DIAGNOSIS. —
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFC847763FC420042" box="[832,1020,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Xhosacetus hendeysi</emphasis>
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differs from all other ziphiids except
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in possessing relatively large nasals, as wide as long, with roughly parallel lateral margins. It further differs from members of the
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and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFBC17709FBD500F8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1029,1131,1406,1430]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ziphiinae">Ziphiinae</taxonomicName>
in: the short intrusion of the nasal in the premaxillary crest; the filling of the mesorostral groove by the vomer at least partly by thickening of the lateral walls and from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFD08779FFC80036E" box="[716,830,1512,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
in a moderate constriction of the ascending process of the premaxilla. It differs from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFD61746AFCE4035B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[677,858,1565,1589]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFC55746AFC4B035B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[913,1013,1565,1589]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ziphiinae">Ziphiinae</taxonomicName>
in the transversely oriented premaxillary crest. It further differs from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFD617426FCE70307" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[677,857,1617,1641]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFCA17425FC7A0307" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[869,964,1618,1641]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFCA17425FC7A0307" box="[869,964,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Pterocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC161FFBAFC087425FBA80304" box="[972,1046,1618,1642]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFB8B7425FB040307" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[1103,1210,1618,1641]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFB8B7425FB040307" box="[1103,1210,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the lack of an anteromedian depression of the nasals and from the same group, except
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFC2374F1FBD503F0" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[999,1131,1670,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFC2374F1FBD503F0" box="[999,1131,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Khoikhoicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC161FFBAFBB474F0FB0803F1" box="[1136,1206,1671,1695]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in a weaker constriction of the ascending process of the premaxilla. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15FFF84FE6D761DFDAA01EF" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[425,532,1130,1153]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FE6D761DFDAA01EF" box="[425,532,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: smaller size, mesorostral groove filled with ossified vomer and shallower alveolar groove. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15FFF84FDD576E9FD3901D8" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1983" box="[529,647,1182,1206]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ninoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FDD576E9FD3901D8" box="[529,647,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">Ninoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: elevated and narrow rostrum, mesorostral groove filled with ossified vomer and reduction of the maxillary alveoli.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89DD665DC15EFF85FFB6740EFF6C03CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651130/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="593" startId="32.[114,125,1657,1674]" targetBox="[116,1204,220,1600]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15EFF85FFB6740EFF6C03CE" blockId="32.[114,1210,1657,1696]" pageId="32" pageNumber="593">
FIG. 24. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15EFF85FEC8740EFE0503E4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[268,443,1657,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Xhosacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="593" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hendeysi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15EFF85FEC8740EFE0503E4" box="[268,443,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="593">Xhosacetus hendeysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15EFF85FE04740EFD8F03E4" box="[448,561,1657,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="593" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2082, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15EFF85FCCA740EFCA503E4" bold="true" box="[782,795,1657,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="593">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15EFF85FC48740EFC2703E4" bold="true" box="[908,921,1657,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="593">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15EFF85FBCD740EFBA903E4" bold="true" box="[1033,1047,1657,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="593">C</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DD665DC15FFF84FFB5718EFC01014F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651132/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" startId="33.[113,124,1017,1034]" targetBox="[120,1189,216,972]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15FFF84FFB5718EFC01014F" blockId="33.[113,1210,1017,1057]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">
FIG. 25. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C15FFF84FEC8718EFE050164" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[268,443,1017,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Xhosacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hendeysi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FEC8718EFE050164" box="[268,443,1017,1034]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">Xhosacetus hendeysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC15FFF84FE7B718EFD8F0164" box="[447,561,1017,1034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2082,holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FCCA718EFCA50164" bold="true" box="[782,795,1017,1034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">A</emphasis>
, detail of the vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FBF8718EFBF70164" bold="true" box="[1084,1097,1017,1034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FF3B7667FEB3014F" bold="true" box="[255,269,1040,1057]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C15FFF84FE487667FE24014F" bold="true" box="[396,410,1040,1057]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC15FFF87FFB5775AFEDC07A3" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15FFF84FFB5775AFE410026" blockId="33.[113,648,1325,1700]" box="[113,511,1325,1352]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C15FFF84FED57759FED60026" box="[273,360,1326,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[114,125,1657,1674]" captionTargetBox="[116,1204,220,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[104,1193,237,1605]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 24. — Skull of Xhosacetus hendeysi n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2082, holotype):A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651130/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">FIGS 24</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="45992A50C15FFF84FEB07759FE2C0026" box="[372,402,1326,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[113,124,1017,1034]" captionTargetBox="[120,1189,216,972]" captionTargetId="figure-18@33.[117,1204,213,994]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 25. — Skull of Xhosacetus hendeysi n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2082,holotype):A, detail of the vertex in dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651132/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">25</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC15FFF84FE58775AFE480026" box="[412,502,1325,1352]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="54.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in mm) on the skulls of Ziphiidae incertae sedis from the Neogene of South Africa. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="33" pageNumber="594">TABLE 5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15FFF84FFB5773BFDB5030A" blockId="33.[113,648,1325,1700]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">
The anterior part of the rostrum is not complete; it might have originally measured
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C15FFF84FE3E771BFDE100E9" box="[506,607,1388,1415]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
; its preserved part is higher than wide. The surface of the premaxilla is nearly vertical anteriorly. The widening of the rostrum posteriorly is progressive up to the faint prominental notch, followed by an abrupt divergence towards the antorbital notch. The shallow alveolar groove has slightly depressed areas interpreted as remains of alveoli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15FFF84FF4C741EFC8B0069" blockId="33.[113,648,1325,1700]" lastBlockId="33.[677,1210,1103,1699]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">The vomer completely fills the mesorostral groove and its height in the groove decreases anteriorly. A deep sulcus separates the thickened vomer from the premaxilla laterally for its whole length. At the rostrum base, a median suture between the two walls of the vomer joins the anterior point of the ossified mesethmoid, at the level of the prominental notch.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15FFF84FD7F777AFCA300AB" blockId="33.[677,1210,1103,1699]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">The premaxillary foramen is located just posterior to the shallow antorbital notch. The concave premaxillary sac fossae are weakly asymmetric. In anterior view a distinct constriction marks the lateral margin of the ascending process of the premaxilla.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15FFF84FD7F77BCFC3E03CD" blockId="33.[677,1210,1103,1699]" pageId="33" pageNumber="594">A sharp maxillary crest separates the large maxillary foramen from the antorbital notch. The lateral slope of the crest, leading to the laterally developed preorbital process, is weaker than the median slope. The left crest is more robust. The lacrimal bears a prominent knob-like anterolateral projection.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C15CFF87FF4C72AFFEDC07A3" blockId="34.[113,647,216,717]" pageId="34" pageNumber="595">The vertex is moderately elevated and the dorsal part of the ascending process of the premaxilla is vertical. The premaxillary crest is moderately thickened and transversely oriented, slightly overhanging the premaxillary sac fossa on the right side. The posterior projection of the premaxilla along the nasal contacts the frontal on both sides. The nasals are large, as wide as long, with roughly parallel lateral margins. The right nasal is somewhat wider and longer than the left nasal. The dorsal surface of the nasals is slightly sloping without an anteromedian depression; the anterior margin is excavated by a vertical groove and the anterolateral corner forms only a small part of the premaxillary crest. The frontal was originally probably much shorter than the nasal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFE877445FE0E0322" box="[323,432,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Xhosacetus</emphasis>
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SPECIES
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. —
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFED9741BFE6A03EA" box="[285,468,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Xhosacetus hendeysi</emphasis>
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, by present designation.
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ETYMOLOGY. — From Xhosa, one of the official languages of
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<heading id="865581B9C162FFB9FEC877FBFE5300C8" box="[268,493,1420,1446]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" reason="2">
Genus
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FE9C77FBFE2500CB" box="[344,411,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Nenga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC162FFB9FE6677FBFE5300C8" box="[418,493,1420,1446]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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SPECIES
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. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FEDA77B8FE6E0088" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[286,464,1486,1510]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meganasalis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FEDA77B8FE6E0088" box="[286,464,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Nenga meganasalis</emphasis>
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, by present designation.
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ETYMOLOGY. — “
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” means whale (larger animal from the sea) in the native South African Xhosa language. Gender masculine.
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C162FFB9FFB574FBFE5303CD" blockId="28.[113,493,1675,1699]" box="[113,493,1675,1699]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">DIAGNOSIS. — Same as for the species.</paragraph>
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234
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<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FCEC72AFFC4B059C" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[808,1013,215,242]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meganasalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FCEC72AFFC4B059C" bold="true" box="[808,1013,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Nenga meganasalis</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C162FFB9FD617366FD770433" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" specimenCode="PQ 69675" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C162FFB9FD617366FCB20449" box="[677,780,273,296]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C162FFB9FCF27366FCD70447" box="[822,873,273,297]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC162FFB9FCA97366FC6A0447" box="[877,980,273,297]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">PQ 69675</specimenCode>
, a partial skull including the rostrum, the premaxillary sac fossae, and the vertex.
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REFERRED SPECIMENS. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C162FFB9FC707302FC5404E3" box="[948,1002,373,397]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 2117, a partial rostrum, trawled off the South African coast;
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C162FFB9FB9A73E7FB2F04C6" box="[1118,1169,400,424]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 2339, a partial skull including the rostrum base, the premaxillary sac fossae, and the vertex, trawled off
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C162FFB9FB4373B2FB0404B3" box="[1159,1210,453,477]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Cape</collectingRegion>
coast;
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C162FFB9FD2773A8FCA80499" box="[739,790,479,503]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 69676, a partial rostrum and anterior of the cranium, trawled west of
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C162FFB9FC2F738DFBA1077C" box="[1003,1055,506,530]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Cape</collectingRegion>
Point, Atlantic Ocean (depth
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C162FFB9FCF67063FCCB0742" box="[818,885,532,556]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" unit="m" value="347.0">347 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC162FFB9FD617033FBC90718" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C162FFB9FD617033FBC90718" blockId="28.[677,1210,580,630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">ETYMOLOGY. — From the Ancient Greek “megas”, large; “meganasalis” for the large nasals of this species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC162FFB9FD6170F9FC0207AE" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C162FFB9FD6170F9FC0207AE" blockId="28.[677,1210,654,704]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C162FFB9FD6170F9FC8407CA" box="[677,826,654,677]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No exact locality. Trawled west of
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C162FFB9FD6170DFFD6607AE" box="[677,728,680,704]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town, Atlantic Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC162FFB9FD6170AFFBD00143" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C162FFB9FD6170AFFBD00143" blockId="28.[677,1211,728,1069]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FCF870AEFC52079E" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[828,1004,728,752]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meganasalis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FCF870AEFC52079E" box="[828,1004,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Nenga meganasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC162FFB9FC3770AFFBC60781" box="[1011,1144,728,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all the other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FC8D7085FC1A0664" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[841,932,754,778]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ziphiidae</taxonomicName>
in the nearly rectangular wide nasals occupying most of the vertex dorsally. It differs from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FD397150FCE20651" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[765,860,807,831]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ziphiinae">Ziphiinae</taxonomicName>
in the mesorostral ossification of the mesethmoid and it lacks the main synapomorphy of the subfamily, the anterolaterally directed premaxillary crest. It differs from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FC927100FBB806E1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[854,1030,887,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FBCB7100FBD506E0" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[1039,1131,887,910]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FBCB7100FBD506E0" box="[1039,1131,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Pterocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC162FFB9FBB57100FB0806E1" box="[1137,1206,887,911]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FD6171E5FCB306C7" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[677,781,914,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FD6171E5FCB306C7" box="[677,781,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FC8C71E6FC1506C7" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[840,939,913,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Xhosacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FC8C71E6FC1506C7" box="[840,939,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Xhosacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC162FFB9FC7771E5FC4506C4" box="[947,1019,914,938]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in the mesorostral ossification of the mesethmoid and lacks the constriction of the ascending process of the premaxilla and the intrusion of the nasal in the narrow premaxillary crest. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C162FFB9FCE4718CFC2D017D" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1983" box="[800,915,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ninoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C162FFB9FCE4718CFC2D017D" box="[800,915,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">Ninoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the rostrum elevated at its base and the reduction of the maxillary alveoli.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC162FFBAFD617638FE700368" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C162FFB9FD617638FB930104" blockId="28.[677,1210,1103,1699]" box="[677,1069,1103,1130]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C162FFB9FC817627FC7E0104" box="[837,960,1104,1130]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="29.[113,124,1451,1468]" captionStartId-1="30.[113,124,1634,1651]" captionStartId-2="31.[113,124,592,609]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1176,266,1382]" captionTargetBox-1="[125,1201,219,1516]" captionTargetBox-2="[212,1104,276,557]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@29.[132,1219,262,1428]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@30.[119,1208,214,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@31.[197,1128,208,593]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIG. 21. — Skull of Nenga meganasalis n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 69675, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 22. — Nenga meganasalis n. gen., n. sp.: A-D, skull (SAM PQ 69675, holotype); A, detail of the vertex in dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing; E, incomplete skull (SAM PQ 2339), dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C-E, 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 23. — Rostrum of Nenga meganasalis n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 69676), in dorsal view showing the mesorostral groove partially filled by the mesethmoid. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651122" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651124" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651128" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4651122/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4651124/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4651128/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">FIGS 21-23</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC162FFB9FC0F7638FB9A0104" box="[971,1060,1103,1130]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="54.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in mm) on the skulls of Ziphiidae incertae sedis from the Neogene of South Africa. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="28" pageNumber="589">TABLE 5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C162FFB9FD617619FB0403CD" blockId="28.[677,1210,1103,1699]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589">
The almost complete rostrum of the
<typeStatus id="02198877C162FFB9FBE67619FB3E01E6" box="[1058,1152,1134,1160]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is robust and long. The maxilla ends more than
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C162FFB9FBAE76F9FB0701C7" box="[1130,1209,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
from the apex. At mid-length, the rostrum is wider than high. The morphology of the rostrum base varies within the species: it is wider in SAM PQ 2339 and SAM PQ 69676 with a wide concave subhorizontal surface of the maxilla following anteriorly the large maxillary foramen. In the
<typeStatus id="02198877C162FFB9FBEE773BFB370008" box="[1066,1161,1356,1382]" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and SAM PQ 2117, the dorsal surface of the maxilla narrows more rapidly anteriorly, while the lateral slope is more pronounced. The lateral margin of the maxilla at the rostrum base is acute. The vomer is weakly thickened or not at all in the widely open mesorostral groove. In specimen SAM PQ 69676, the mesorostral groove is posteriorly filled by the ossified mesethmoid for a length of more than
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C162FFB9FD61741DFCBC03EA" box="[677,770,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="589" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
(specimen incomplete anteriorly); in this species the ossified mesethmoid might have occupied
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C163FFB8FF0272ACFF69059D" blockId="29.[198,215,219,243]" box="[198,215,219,243]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">A</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C163FFB8FEFE7706FE3E00EA" blockId="29.[113,1209,1395,1491]" box="[314,384,1393,1412]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">choana</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC163FFB8FFB577DCFF6C00BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651122/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" startId="29.[113,124,1451,1468]" targetBox="[150,1176,266,1382]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C163FFB8FFB577DCFF6C00BD" blockId="29.[113,1209,1395,1491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
FIG. 21. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C163FFB8FEC977DCFE1300D2" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[269,429,1451,1468]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meganasalis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C163FFB8FEC977DCFE1300D2" box="[269,429,1451,1468]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Nenga meganasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC163FFB8FE7677DCFD9A00D2" box="[434,548,1451,1468]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 69675, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C163FFB8FCC977DCFCA400D2" bold="true" box="[781,794,1451,1468]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C163FFB8FC4F77DCFC2600D2" bold="true" box="[907,920,1451,1468]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C163FFB8FBCC77DCFBA800D2" bold="true" box="[1032,1046,1451,1468]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">C</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C163FFB8FFB5747CFE7B030A" blockId="29.[113,647,1546,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
most of the length of the mesorostral groove. Shallow alveoli marks are still visible on the maxillary alveolar groove of the
<typeStatus id="02198877C163FFB8FE9B743DFE7F030A" box="[351,449,1610,1636]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C163FFB8FF4C741EFB0403CA" blockId="29.[113,647,1546,1700]" lastBlockId="29.[677,1210,1546,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">The premaxillary sac fossa is large and slightly concave; it rises slowly posteriorly until the ascending process. The ascent to the vertex from this point is more abrupt, but barely reaching vertical. In anterior view, the lateral margins of the premaxillae are roughly parallel until the transversely directed, weakly laterally developed, premaxillary crests.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C160FFBBFE6A779CFC96036B" blockId="30.[318,808,1482,1556]" box="[430,808,1515,1541]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">premaxillary premaxillary foramen</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C160FFBBFE6A7476FDB7037A" blockId="30.[318,808,1482,1556]" box="[430,521,1537,1556]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">sac fossa</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC160FFBBFFB57415FE8603CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651124/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" startId="30.[113,124,1634,1651]" targetBox="[125,1201,219,1516]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C160FFBBFFB57415FE8603CE" blockId="30.[113,1211,1634,1696]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">
FIG. 22. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C160FFBBFF087415FED0031D" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[204,366,1634,1651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meganasalis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFF087415FED0031D" box="[204,366,1634,1651]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Nenga meganasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC160FFBBFEB07415FE54031D" box="[372,490,1634,1651]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFE357415FDAD031D" bold="true" box="[497,531,1634,1651]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">A -D</emphasis>
, skull (SAM PQ 69675, holotype);
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFCF57415FC80031D" bold="true" box="[817,830,1634,1651]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">A</emphasis>
, detail of the vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFBA27415FBCD031D" bold="true" box="[1126,1139,1634,1651]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFEE8740EFE8403E4" bold="true" box="[300,314,1657,1674]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFE7E740EFE7603E4" bold="true" box="[442,456,1657,1674]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C160FFBBFD06740EFD7003E4" bold="true" box="[706,718,1657,1674]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">E</emphasis>
, incomplete skull (SAM PQ 2339), dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C-E, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C161FFBAFE227293FD200599" blockId="31.[486,1005,228,321]" box="[486,670,228,247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">mesorostral groove</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C161FFBAFE22728AFC7B0463" blockId="31.[486,1005,228,321]" box="[486,965,250,272]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">filled by the mesethmoid concave dorsal surface</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC161FFBAFFB57027FE620716" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651128/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" startId="31.[113,124,592,609]" targetBox="[212,1104,276,557]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C161FFBAFFB57027FE620716" blockId="31.[113,1209,538,632]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">
FIG. 23. — Rostrum of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFEF57027FE6D070F" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[305,467,592,609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meganasalis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFEF57027FE6D070F" box="[305,467,592,609]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Nenga meganasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC161FFBAFE1D7027FDF1070F" box="[473,591,592,609]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 69676), in dorsal view showing the mesorostral groove partially filled by the mesethmoid. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C161FFBAFFB570C4FD9E0642" blockId="31.[113,647,691,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">The posterior projection of the premaxilla along the nasal contacts the frontal. The outline of the bony nares varies within the species being more V-shaped and longer in SAM PQ 2339.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C161FFBAFF4C7145FEAC0684" blockId="31.[113,647,691,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">
In the
<typeStatus id="02198877C161FFBAFF0A7145FE8C0622" box="[206,306,818,844]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, several smaller foramina pierce the maxilla just behind the large maxillary foramen at the rostrum base. The relative position of maxillary and premaxillary foramina varies within the species, around the level of the antorbital notch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C161FFBAFF4C7187FE700368" blockId="31.[113,647,691,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">
The nasals occupy a large nearly rectangular surface on the wide and low vertex, much longer than the short strip of frontals (complete on SAM PQ2339), and wider than long. The lateral margin of the nasal is moderately convex and its anterolateral corner forms only a small part of the premaxillary crest. A vertical groove excavates the anterior margin of each nasal and the rounded anterior point of the nasals is only slightly more anterior than the premaxillary crests. The naso-frontal suture is roughly rectilinear. The morphology of the posterior portion of the vertex is not as well preserved as in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFF63771BFEFA00E8" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[167,324,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C161FFBAFF63771BFEFA00E8" box="[167,324,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="592">Microberardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC161FFBAFE8F771AFE2A00E9" box="[331,404,1389,1415]" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and in the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFDCF771BFD3800E8" box="[523,646,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
indet. described above. We therefore are unable to detect the presence or absence of the interparietal, preventing firm attribution to the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C161FFBAFDA577BBFF6E036B" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
(see phylogeny below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Genus
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Gervais, 1850
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SPECIES
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. —
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFEE3769DFE03006C" box="[295,445,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">Physeter bidens</emphasis>
Sowerby, 1804
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, by original designation.
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C167FFBCFFB57740FF0B0352" blockId="25.[113,647,1333,1596]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C167FFBCFFB57740FE610022" box="[113,479,1334,1359]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">OTHER RECENT SPECIES INCLUDED</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFDD57742FED70006" authority="Andrews, 1908" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowdoini">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFDD57742FF740006" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">Mesoplodon bowdoini</emphasis>
Andrews, 1908
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,
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFEB67726FE470006" box="[370,505,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. carlhubbsi</emphasis>
Moore, 1963
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,
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFFB5771CFF4000EC" box="[113,254,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. densirostris</emphasis>
(Blainville, 1817)
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFE03771CFF6100F3" authority="(Gervais, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFE03771CFDF900EC" box="[455,583,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. europaeus</emphasis>
(Gervais, 1855)
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFF2377F1FD3C00F3" authority="Nishiwaki &amp; Kamiya, 1958" authorityName="Nishiwaki &amp; Kamiya" authorityYear="1958" box="[231,642,1413,1437]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginkgodens">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFF2377F1FED100F3" box="[231,367,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. ginkgodens</emphasis>
Nishiwaki &amp; Kamiya, 1958
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,
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFFB577D7FF7D00D9" box="[113,195,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. grayi</emphasis>
Haast, 1876
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFE9577D7FD8000D9" authority="(Gray, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[337,574,1439,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectori">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFE9577D7FE0B00D9" box="[337,437,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. hectori</emphasis>
(Gray, 1871)
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFD8C77D7FEFF00BC" authority="(Gray, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="layardii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFD8C77D7FF1200BC" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. layardii</emphasis>
(Gray, 1865)
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFE8A77CCFD9300BC" authority="True, 1913" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1913" box="[334,557,1466,1490]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFE8A77CCFE1200BF" box="[334,428,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. mirus</emphasis>
True, 1913
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,
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFDFE77CCFF280082" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. perrini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C167FFBCFF6477A3FF160369" author="VAN HELDEN A. L. &amp; BAKER A. N. &amp; DALEBOUT M. L. &amp; REYES J. C. &amp; VAN WAEREBEEK K. &amp; BAKER C. S." pageId="25" pageNumber="586" pagination="609 - 621" refId="ref20140" refString="VAN HELDEN A. L., BAKER A. N., DALEBOUT M. L., REYES J. C., VAN WAEREBEEK K. &amp; BAKER C. S. 2002. - Resurrection of Mesoplodon traversii (Gray, 1874), senior synonym of M. bahamondi Reyes, Van Waerebeek, Cardenas and Yanez, 1995 (Cetacea: Ziphiidae). Marine Mammal Science 18 (3): 609 - 621." type="journal article" year="2002">Dalebout, Mead, Baker, Baker &amp; van Helden, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFF777798FF19034F" authority="Reyes, Mead &amp; van Waerebeek, 1991" authorityName="Reyes, Mead &amp; van Waerebeek" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFF777798FEFE0368" box="[179,320,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. peruvianus</emphasis>
Reyes, Mead &amp; van Waerebeek, 1991
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,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFF75747DFE21034F" authority="True, 1885" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1885" box="[177,415,1545,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stejnegeri">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFF75747DFE95034F" box="[177,299,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. stejnegeri</emphasis>
True, 1885
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFE17747DFF0F0352" authority="(Gray, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="traversii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFE17747DFDFD034F" box="[467,579,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. traversii</emphasis>
(Gray, 1874)
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.
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C167FFBCFFB57421FF1903CC" blockId="25.[113,647,1622,1698]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">
FOSSIL SPECIES INCLUDED. — Until now, the only fossil species for which the vertex is described is
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFDC97406FD3903E6" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[525,647,1648,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slangkopi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFDC97406FD3903E6" box="[525,647,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">M. slangkopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC167FFBCFFB574FCFF1903CC" box="[113,167,1675,1698]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<heading id="865581B9C168FFB3FF2C7187FDAE0164" box="[232,528,1008,1034]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" reason="2">
Genus
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FEF17187FE010164" box="[309,447,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Africanacetus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC168FFB3FE027187FDAE0164" box="[454,528,1008,1034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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SPECIES
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. —
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FED8765EFE4B012E" box="[284,501,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Africanacetus ceratopsis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC168FFB3FE3F765EFD3C012E" box="[507,642,1065,1089]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by present designation.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FFB57604FE94019B" blockId="22.[113,647,1139,1269]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">
ETYMOLOGY. — From “
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”, the Marine Coastal Management fishery research vessel, which trawled three specimens of this genus at the same locality off the south coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C168FFB3FF3B76B5FEC301B4" box="[255,381,1218,1242]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, “cetus” from Latin, whale. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC168FFB3FFB5777AFE53004A" box="[113,493,1292,1316]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FFB5777AFE53004A" blockId="22.[113,493,1292,1316]" box="[113,493,1292,1316]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">DIAGNOSIS. — Same as for the species.</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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323
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<mods:title id="6E0009DB810B343E94A42936DE971548">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="E456CDA34E9276F112468FA1FC09FBBB">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<typeStatus id="02198877C168FFB3FFB577D3FF6200D4" box="[113,220,1444,1467]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. — NMR 9991-00001993, a partial skull including the rostrum and the dorsal part of the cranium with the vertex.
</paragraph>
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REFERRED SPECIMENS. —
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, trawled off
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coast
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, trawled off
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coast,
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;
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<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C168FFB3FEDD744CFEF3033D" box="[281,333,1595,1619]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">SAM</collectionCode>
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, trawled at
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,
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, south coast of
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,
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, depth of
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, south coast of
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, depth of
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;
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<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC168FFB3FC4A72A0FC500581" box="[910,1006,215,239]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">PQ 2713</specimenCode>
, trawled at
<geoCoordinate id="B8965012C168FFB3FBA172A0FB0B0581" box="[1125,1205,215,239]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" precision="925" value="-35.016666">35°01’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B8965012C168FFB3FD617286FD460467" box="[677,760,241,265]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" precision="925" value="24.1">24°06’E</geoCoordinate>
, south coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C168FFB3FC5E7286FBA30467" box="[922,1053,241,265]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="D87D600EC168FFB3FBEC7286FB080467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550B87C3C168FFBCFF1F771CFEFC0107:D87D600EC168FFB3FBEC7286FB080467" box="[1064,1206,241,265]" country="South Africa" latitude="-35.016666" longLatPrecision="1196" longitude="24.1" name="Indian Ocean" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Indian Ocean</location>
, depth of
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C168FFB3FCC7737BFCF7044D" box="[771,841,268,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.14" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="914.0">
<elevation id="568FD1E6C168FFB3FCC7737BFCF7044D" box="[771,841,268,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.14" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="914.0">914 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C168FFB3FC91737BFBE70450" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" elevation="604" latitude="-34.833332" location="Town" longLatPrecision="1197" longitude="18.233334" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" specimenCode="PQ 3002" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C168FFB3FC91737BFC37044A" box="[853,905,268,292]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC168FFB3FC55737BFC4C044A" box="[913,1010,268,292]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">PQ 3002</specimenCode>
, trawled at
<geoCoordinate id="B8965012C168FFB3FBAF737BFB04044A" box="[1131,1210,268,292]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" precision="925" value="-34.833332">34°50’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B8965012C168FFB3FD617351FD4A0450" box="[677,756,294,318]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" precision="925" value="18.233334">18°14’E</geoCoordinate>
, south of
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C168FFB3FC8A7351FC3E0450" box="[846,896,294,318]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Cape</collectingRegion>
<location id="D87D600EC168FFB3FC407350FC030450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550B87C3C168FFBCFF1F771CFEFC0107:D87D600EC168FFB3FC407350FC030450" box="[900,957,295,318]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.833332" longLatPrecision="1197" longitude="18.233334" name="Town" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" stateProvince="Western Cape">Town</location>
, depth of
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C168FFB3FBDD7351FBE70450" box="[1049,1113,294,318]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="604.0">
<elevation id="568FD1E6C168FFB3FBDD7351FBE70450" box="[1049,1113,294,318]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="604.0">604 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C168FFB3FBA57351FC020436" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" location="Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" specimenCode="PQ 3062" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C168FFB3FBA57351FB2A0450" box="[1121,1172,294,318]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC168FFB3FB5C7351FD640437" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">PQ 3062</specimenCode>
, trawled off
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C168FFB3FC957336FC3A0437" box="[849,900,321,345]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Cape</collectingRegion>
coast
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C168FFB3FC027336FCD804B2" collectionCode="SAM" collectorName="Point &amp; Slangkop &amp; Most" country="South Africa" elevation="165" location="Peninsula" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" specimenCode="PQ 69683" specimenCount="170" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C168FFB3FC027336FC470437" box="[966,1017,321,345]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC168FFB3FC3A7336FBD60437" box="[1022,1128,321,345]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">PQ 69683</specimenCode>
, trawled off
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C168FFB3FD01732CFD46041D" box="[709,760,347,371]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Cape</collectingRegion>
<location id="D87D600EC168FFB3FD3B732CFCE1041D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550B87C3C168FFBCFF1F771CFEFC0107:D87D600EC168FFB3FD3B732CFCE1041D" box="[767,863,347,371]" country="South Africa" name="Peninsula" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" stateProvince="Western Cape">Peninsula</location>
, between
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C168FFB3FC04732CFC4D041D" box="[960,1011,347,371]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Cape</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="70575303C168FFB3FC3D732CFB93041D" box="[1017,1069,347,371]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Point</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="70575303C168FFB3FB9B732CFB04041D" box="[1119,1210,347,371]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Slangkop</collectorName>
lighthouse, depth of
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C168FFB3FCB07301FC5904E3" box="[884,999,374,398]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="165.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="160.0">
<elevation id="568FD1E6C168FFB3FCB07301FC5904E3" box="[884,999,374,398]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="165.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="160.0">
160-
<specimenCount id="CBA4FD5CC168FFB3FC657301FC5904E3" box="[929,999,374,398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="generic">170 m</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
.
<collectorName id="70575303C168FFB3FC367301FB9B04E3" box="[1010,1061,374,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Most</collectorName>
of the referred specimens are rostra, usually preserved with the anterior of the cranium, but lacking the vertex.
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C168FFB3FBDE73DCFBF304AD" box="[1050,1101,427,451]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC168FFB3FB9773DCFB0704AC" box="[1107,1209,426,451]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">PQ 69683</specimenCode>
is an isolated vertex
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC168FFB3FD617382FC3A0735" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FD617382FC3A0735" blockId="22.[677,1210,501,604]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">ETYMOLOGY. — From the combination of the following two Ancient Greek words: “keras” (genitive “keratos”), horn, and “opsis”, aspect, appearance. For the protuberant paired maxillary crests.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC168FFB3FD617003FCFB07AE" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FD617003FCFB07AE" blockId="22.[677,1210,628,704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C168FFB3FD617003FC8007E4" box="[677,830,628,651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No exact locality. Trawled south west off the South African coast, Atlantic Ocean, depth less than
<specimenCount id="CBA4FD5CC168FFB3FD3A70DFFCFB07AE" box="[766,837,680,704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="generic">
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C168FFB3FD3A70DFFCFC07AE" box="[766,834,680,704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC168FFB3FD6170AEFC3B017D" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FD6170AEFC3B017D" blockId="22.[677,1210,728,1043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FC8670AFFB9D079E" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[834,1059,728,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratopsis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FC8670AFFB9D079E" box="[834,1059,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Africanacetus ceratopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC168FFB3FBE870AEFB04079E" box="[1068,1210,729,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FCB37084FB9A0665" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[887,1060,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
in: presence of a dome-like elevated maxillary crest on the supraorbital process and laterally sloping premaxillary sac fossa. It shares with
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FCDB7135FCCC0634" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[799,882,834,858]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FCDB7135FCCC0634" box="[799,882,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Ihlengesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC168FFB3FCBE7135FC7A0634" box="[890,964,834,858]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FC147135FBFA0634" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[976,1092,834,858]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Hyperoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FC147135FBFA0634" box="[976,1092,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FB447134FD5A061A" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FB447134FD5A061A" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Mesoplodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the dorsal part of the ascending process of the premaxilla partly overhanging the bony nares, and the larger portion of the nasal thrust into the premaxillary crest, differing in these characters from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FBF271DBFB0406AA" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[1078,1210,940,964]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FBF271DBFB0406AA" box="[1078,1210,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Khoikhoicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC168FFB3FD6171B0FD5606B1" box="[677,744,967,991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FCDD71B1FC3806B0" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1968" box="[793,902,966,990]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Indopacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FCDD71B1FC3806B0" box="[793,902,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Indopacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It further differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FBAB71B0FD6C0697" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Hyperoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FBAB71B0FD6C0697" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C168FFB3FCC77196FCCF0697" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" box="[771,881,993,1017]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C168FFB3FCC77196FCCF0697" box="[771,881,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">Mesoplodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wide median separation of the premaxillary crests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC168FFBCFD617647FEFC0107" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FD617647FB8C0125" blockId="22.[677,1210,1072,1700]" box="[677,1074,1072,1099]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C168FFB3FC817646FC250125" box="[837,923,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[113,143,1657,1674]" captionTargetBox="[155,1170,266,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[113,1200,238,1580]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17 – Skull of Africanacetus ceratopsis n. gen., n. sp. (NMR 9991-00001993, holotype); A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651111/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">FIGS 17</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="45992A50C168FFB3FC637646FC7B0125" box="[935,965,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[118,1204,220,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[91,1180,242,1568]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 18. — Africanacetus ceratopsis n. gen., n. sp.: A-C, skull (NMR 9991-00001993, holotype); A, ventral view; B, detail of vertex in dorsal view; C, corresponding line drawing. D, E, skull fragment (vertex) of Africanacetus ceratopsis n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 69683); D, dorsal view; E, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B-E, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651115/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">18</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC168FFB3FC147647FB940125" box="[976,1066,1072,1099]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="52.[113,122,1081,1098]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of the skulls of Hyperoodontinae from the Neogene of South Africa,Khoikhoicetus agulhasis n. gen., n. sp., Ihlengesi saldanhae n. gen., n. sp., Africanacetus ceratopsis n. gen., n. sp., and Mesoplodon slangkopi n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="22" pageNumber="583">TABLE 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FD617638FC49034A" blockId="22.[677,1210,1072,1700]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">
The robust rostrum is long (rostrum of SAM PQ 2235 originally longer than
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C168FFB3FC0C7619FB9A01E7" box="[968,1060,1134,1161]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.709999999999999" pageId="22" pageNumber="583" unit="mm" value="671.0">671 mm</quantity>
) and elevated, higher than wide over its entire length. The vomer fills the mesorostral groove, showing a median suture, between its two thickened lateral walls, on its posterior part; the vomer is more elevated than the premaxilla over its complete length. The width of the vomer in the groove varies within the species, sometimes occupying most of the dorsal surface of the rostrum (e.g., SAM PQ 3002). It widens at mid-length on several specimens. At the contact with the premaxilla, the vomer usually shows a slight constriction and therefore the dorsal prominent part of the vomer slightly overhangs the premaxilla. The alveolar groove is barely visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FD7F745DFB0403CD" blockId="22.[677,1210,1072,1700]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">The lateral margins of the rostrum diverge abruptly towards the prominental notches, creating a wide concave dorsal surface of the maxilla at the rostrum base, with an acute lateral margin. The antorbital</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C169FFB2FF2172ADFDEE046E" blockId="23.[229,766,218,292]" box="[229,592,218,256]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">A dome-like maxillary crest</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC169FFB2FFB5740EFD8403CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651111/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="584" startId="23.[113,143,1657,1674]" targetBox="[155,1170,266,1567]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C169FFB2FFB5740EFD8403CF" blockId="23.[113,1210,1501,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">
FIG. 17 – Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C169FFB2FEC3740EFE6A03E4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[263,468,1657,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratopsis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C169FFB2FEC3740EFE6A03E4" box="[263,468,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">Africanacetus ceratopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC169FFB2FE1C740EFDF403E4" box="[472,586,1657,1674]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NMR 9991-00001993, holotype);
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C169FFB2FCA2740EFCCD03E4" bold="true" box="[870,883,1657,1674]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C169FFB2FC20740EFC4F03E4" bold="true" box="[996,1009,1657,1674]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C169FFB2FBA6740EFBCE03E4" bold="true" box="[1122,1136,1657,1674]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C169FFB2FF6574E7FF1103CF" bold="true" box="[161,175,1680,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="584">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C166FFBDFD76778CFBD80374" blockId="24.[690,1194,1522,1571]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">premaxillary premaxilla premaxillary crest crest</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC166FFBDFFB57414FCB903CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651115/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="585" startId="24.[113,124,1635,1652]" targetBox="[118,1204,220,1525]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C166FFBDFFB57414FCB903CF" blockId="24.[113,1211,1635,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">
FIG. 18. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C166FFBDFF087414FE27031A" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[204,409,1635,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="585" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratopsis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFF087414FE27031A" box="[204,409,1635,1652]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">Africanacetus ceratopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC166FFBDFE5A7414FDAA031A" box="[414,532,1635,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFDDF7414FD83031A" bold="true" box="[539,573,1635,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">A -C</emphasis>
, skull (NMR 9991-00001993, holotype);
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFC497414FC24031A" bold="true" box="[909,922,1635,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">A</emphasis>
, ventral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFBD67414FBA1031A" bold="true" box="[1042,1055,1635,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">B</emphasis>
, detail of vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFF1E740EFF5603E4" bold="true" box="[218,232,1657,1674]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">C</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing.
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFE1B740EFE5303E4" bold="true" box="[479,493,1657,1674]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">D</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFE3C740EFDBA03E4" bold="true" box="[504,516,1657,1674]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">E</emphasis>
, skull fragment (vertex) of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C166FFBDFD25740EFC1303E4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[737,941,1657,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="585" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratopsis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFD25740EFC1303E4" box="[737,941,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">Africanacetus ceratopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC166FFBDFC76740EFB9803E4" box="[946,1062,1657,1674]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 69683);
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFFB574E7FFC103CF" bold="true" box="[113,127,1680,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">D</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C166FFBDFF3674E7FF4003CF" bold="true" box="[242,254,1680,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="585">E</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B-E, 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C167FFBCFFB572AFFF6A0741" blockId="25.[113,647,216,1129]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">notch, separated from the prominental notch by a distinct maxillary tubercle, is positioned roughly at the longitudinal level of the premaxillary foramen. Posteromedial to the maxillary tubercle rises a characteristic elevated dome-like maxillary crest, not extending onto the rostrum base. The median slope of the dome is nearly vertical. In several specimens a large maxillary foramen is transversely compressed between this crest and the premaxilla, somewhat more posterior than the premaxillary foramen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C167FFBCFF4C7043FE9C0605" blockId="25.[113,647,216,1129]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">
The premaxillary sac fossa is thicker medially, laterally lowering as in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C167FFBCFEB27023FDF20700" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[374,588,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="layardii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C167FFBCFEB27023FDF20700" box="[374,588,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">Mesoplodon layardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ascending process is short and constricted in anterior view; the upper part of its anterior surface is vertical. The lateral margins of the bony nares continue parallel dorsally. On the moderately elevated vertex, the premaxillary crest is thick, wide, and posterolaterally directed. The robust posterior projection of the premaxilla along the nasal contacts the frontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C167FFBCFF4C7106FEFC0107" blockId="25.[113,647,216,1129]" pageId="25" pageNumber="586">The nasals are distinctly wider anteriorly, with the anterolateral corner included in the posterior half of the premaxillary crest. The anteromedian surface of the nasals is excavated, leaving a large space between the premaxillary crests. The nasofrontal suture is W-shaped; the right nasal is longer than the left. The frontal is much shorter than the nasal on the vertex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="0355FB2CE549039E82D042912C515A09">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0BCD3DEBA4C8EFFA2AB632149BA4C41A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="333C11F1CA2B25DF65E662D4CD416D9C">Bianucci, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0FD2AEE5D9F4253F848BFAAB4202A075">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D84C0A3C951F5EEEA642EDBF2015AFA8">Lambert, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEDF9C03570E4F43DBA2F122F1A1DE16">Post, Klaas</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16DFFB6FF37764EFDBB013A" box="[243,517,1081,1108]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FF37764EFDBB013A" blockId="19.[243,517,1081,1108]" box="[243,517,1081,1108]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
<heading id="865581B9C16DFFB6FF37764EFDBB013A" box="[243,517,1081,1108]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FF37764EFE7A013A" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[243,452,1081,1108]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saldanhae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FF37764EFE7A013A" bold="true" box="[243,452,1081,1108]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Ihlengesi saldanhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16DFFB6FE0E764DFDBB013A" box="[458,517,1082,1108]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16DFFB6FFB57601FEED00C5" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FFB57601FF0D01AF" blockId="19.[113,646,1141,1217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C16DFFB6FFB57601FF0D01AF" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" specimenCode="PQ 2792" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C16DFFB6FFB57601FF6501E2" box="[113,219,1142,1165]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16DFFB6FECC7602FE8501E3" box="[264,315,1141,1165]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC16DFFB6FE877602FE1C01E3" box="[323,418,1141,1165]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">PQ 2792</specimenCode>
, partial skull including the rostrum base, anterior part of the cranium, and the vertex.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FFB576ADFEED00C5" blockId="19.[113,647,1241,1451]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
<typeStatus id="02198877C16DFFB6FFB576ADFF71019E" box="[113,207,1242,1265]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16DFFB6FF3976ADFE8E019C" box="[253,304,1242,1266]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 69673, rostrum with anterior part of the cranium trawled off
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C16DFFB6FE627683FE670062" box="[422,473,1268,1292]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Cape</collectingRegion>
Columbine, west coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C16DFFB6FF037779FEF90048" box="[199,327,1294,1318]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Atlantic Ocean. This specimen was previously referred to “cf.
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FE66775EFD3E002F" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[418,640,1321,1345]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FE66775EFD3E002F" box="[418,640,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Mesoplodon densirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FFB57733FF7E0035" authorityName="Haast" authorityYear="1876" box="[113,192,1348,1371]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grayi">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FFB57733FF7E0035" box="[113,192,1348,1371]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">M. grayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FF0F7733FE870035" authorityName="Flower" authorityYear="1878" box="[203,313,1347,1371]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FF0F7733FE870035" box="[203,313,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">M. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C16DFFB6FEA17734FDAF0035" author="HAUGHTON S. H." box="[357,529,1347,1371]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref19286" refString="HAUGHTON S. H. 1956. - Phosphatic-glauconite deposits off the west coast of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 42 (4): 329 - 334." type="journal article" year="1956">Haughton (1956)</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of the location of the premaxillary foramina. This well preserved rostrum provides additional information for the species description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16DFFB6FFB577B4FD39009A" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FFB577B4FD39009A" blockId="19.[113,647,1474,1525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
ETYMOLOGY. — The
<typeStatus id="02198877C16DFFB6FE8477B5FE2D00B4" box="[320,403,1474,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was found offshore from Saldanha Bay, a locality on the west coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C16DFFB6FDCF77ABFD3D009A" box="[523,643,1500,1524]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16DFFB6FFB5747BFDFB0351" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FFB5747BFDFB0351" blockId="19.[113,647,1548,1599]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16DFFB6FFB5747BFF42034D" box="[113,252,1548,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No exact locality.Trawled off Saldanha Bay, west coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C16DFFB6FEE67451FE1E0350" box="[290,416,1574,1598]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Atlantic Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16DFFB6FFB57421FC6A001A" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FFB57421FC6A001A" blockId="19.[113,646,1622,1699]" lastBlockId="19.[677,1211,1082,1397]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FEC97421FE780300" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[269,454,1622,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saldanhae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FEC97421FE780300" box="[269,454,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Ihlengesi saldanhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16DFFB6FE0A7421FDE50303" box="[462,603,1622,1646]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FEEA7407FE6203E6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[302,476,1648,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
in the shortened premaxillary sac fossa (ratio between measurements 15 and 16 lower than 0.30). It shares with
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FBFE764DFB07013C" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[1082,1209,1082,1106]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FBFE764DFB07013C" box="[1082,1209,1082,1106]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Africanacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16DFFB6FD617622FD550103" box="[677,747,1109,1133]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FD327623FCD80102" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[758,870,1108,1132]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Hyperoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FD327623FCD80102" box="[758,870,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FC657623FBAB0102" box="[929,1045,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FC657623FBAF0102" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" box="[929,1041,1108,1132]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mesoplodon</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
the inclusion of the nasal into the premaxillary crest over at least half the length of the median margin of the crest and a deep anteromedian excavation of the nasals. Both characters are absent in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FCEF76C9FC1301B8" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[811,941,1214,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FCEF76C9FC1301B8" box="[811,941,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Khoikhoicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16DFFB6FC7176C8FC4401B9" box="[949,1018,1215,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FBEA76C9FB2501B8" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1968" box="[1070,1179,1214,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Indopacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FBEA76C9FB2501B8" box="[1070,1179,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Indopacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It further differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FCA676AEFC60019F" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[866,990,1241,1265]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FCA676AEFC60019F" box="[866,990,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Africanacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16DFFB6FC2776AEFB9B019F" box="[995,1061,1241,1265]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in: smaller size; maxillary foramen close to the prominental notch at the rostrum base; roughly flat dorsal surface of the preorbital process and premaxillary sac fossa not laterally sloping. The space between the premaxillary crests is wider than in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FD7B772AFC91001B" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[703,815,1373,1397]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Hyperoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FD7B772AFC91001B" box="[703,815,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FCA4772AFC70001B" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" box="[864,974,1373,1397]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FCA4772AFC70001B" box="[864,974,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Mesoplodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16DFFB3FD6177DBFD9B06C5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FD6177DBFB8C00A9" blockId="19.[677,1210,1452,1700]" box="[677,1074,1452,1479]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C16DFFB6FC8177DAFC2500A9" box="[837,923,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1657,1674]" captionTargetBox="[121,1203,256,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[93,1226,220,1616]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Skull of Ihlengesi saldanhae n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2792, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, detail of the anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651107/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">FIGS 15</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="45992A50C16DFFB6FC6377DAFC7B00A9" box="[935,965,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[115,126,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[106,1195,211,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[106,1195,211,1355]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. — Ihlengesi saldanhae n. gen., n. sp.: A, B, vertex of skull (SAM PQ 2792, holotype); A, dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C-E, incomplete skull (SAM PQ 69673, paratype); C, dorsal view; D, anterior view; E, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 2 cm; C-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">16</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC16DFFB6FC1477DBFB9400A9" box="[976,1066,1452,1479]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="52.[113,122,1081,1098]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of the skulls of Hyperoodontinae from the Neogene of South Africa,Khoikhoicetus agulhasis n. gen., n. sp., Ihlengesi saldanhae n. gen., n. sp., Africanacetus ceratopsis n. gen., n. sp., and Mesoplodon slangkopi n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="19" pageNumber="580">TABLE 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FD6177BCFB0403CD" blockId="19.[677,1210,1452,1700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
A large part of the elongated and transversely compressed rostrum, higher than wide, is preserved in SAM PQ 69673. The maxilla is roughly hidden from the dorsal view for the anterior half of the rostrum. A slight constriction is seen in dorsal view at
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FD7B741DFD6E03ED" box="[703,720,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C16DFFB6FD12741DFC8C03EA" box="[726,818,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
from the preserved apex. The vomer fills the mesorostral groove over its whole length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16AFFB1FF1A72ACFD240598" blockId="20.[222,666,219,246]" box="[222,666,219,246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">A maxilla</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16AFFB1FBD37460FBC60344" blockId="20.[113,1210,1559,1697]" box="[1047,1144,1559,1578]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">premaxilla</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16AFFB1FD207456FC33035A" blockId="20.[113,1210,1559,1697]" box="[740,909,1569,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">maxillary foramen</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC16AFFB1FFB5740EFD8403CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651107/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="581" startId="20.[113,124,1657,1674]" targetBox="[121,1203,256,1556]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16AFFB1FFB5740EFD8403CF" blockId="20.[113,1210,1559,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">
FIG. 15. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16AFFB1FEC8740EFE1003E4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[268,430,1657,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saldanhae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16AFFB1FEC8740EFE1003E4" box="[268,430,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">Ihlengesi saldanhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16AFFB1FE77740EFD9A03E4" box="[435,548,1657,1674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2792, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16AFFB1FCC6740EFCB103E4" bold="true" box="[770,783,1657,1674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16AFFB1FC44740EFC3303E4" bold="true" box="[896,909,1657,1674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16AFFB1FC39740EFBB503E4" bold="true" box="[1021,1035,1657,1674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">C</emphasis>
, detail of the anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16AFFB1FF6574E7FF1103CF" bold="true" box="[161,175,1680,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="581">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DD665DC16BFFB0FFB77726FF6600FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651109/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" startId="21.[115,126,1361,1378]" targetBox="[106,1195,211,1355]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16BFFB0FFB77726FF6600FE" blockId="21.[115,1213,1361,1424]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">
FIG. 16. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16BFFB0FF0B7726FECD000C" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[207,371,1361,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saldanhae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FF0B7726FECD000C" box="[207,371,1361,1378]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">Ihlengesi saldanhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16BFFB0FEBD7726FE4F000C" box="[377,497,1361,1378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FE3D7726FDB8000C" bold="true" box="[505,518,1361,1378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FDD57726FDA0000C" bold="true" box="[529,542,1361,1378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">B</emphasis>
, vertex of skull (SAM PQ 2792, holotype);
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FC417726FC2C000C" bold="true" box="[901,914,1361,1378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FBC37726FBAA000C" bold="true" box="[1031,1044,1361,1378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FF05771FFF5C0017" bold="true" box="[193,226,1384,1401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">C -E</emphasis>
, incomplete skull (SAM PQ 69673, paratype);
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FDA3771FFDCB0017" bold="true" box="[615,629,1384,1401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">C</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FD2E771FFD460017" bold="true" box="[746,760,1384,1401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">D</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FCBD771FFC3B0017" bold="true" box="[889,901,1384,1401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">E</emphasis>
, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 2 cm; C-E, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16BFFB0FFB577BBFC85030A" blockId="21.[113,647,1483,1700]" lastBlockId="21.[677,1210,1483,1700]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">
In the
<typeStatus id="02198877C16BFFB0FF7177BCFEAB008B" box="[181,277,1483,1509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the maximum height and width of the vomer is reached at the rostrum base;
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C16BFFB0FDEF779CFC86030A" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" specimenCode="PQ 69673" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
a second hump at one third of the length of the rostrum is observed in
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16BFFB0FECB745DFEF6032A" box="[271,328,1578,1604]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC16BFFB0FE94745DFE7A032A" box="[336,452,1578,1604]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">PQ 69673</specimenCode>
(not preserved in the
<typeStatus id="02198877C16BFFB0FF58743DFEBE030B" box="[156,256,1610,1637]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). A median suture marks the dorsal surface of the vomer at the rostrum base. In the
<typeStatus id="02198877C16BFFB0FFB574FEFF6D03CD" box="[113,211,1673,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the two premaxillae nearly contact each other above the mesorostral groove
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C16BFFB0FBD077BCFBDF0088" box="[1044,1121,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
anterior to the antorbital notches, a condition sometimes observed in Recent
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16BFFB0FC40747DFB3E034A" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[900,1152,1546,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FC40747DFB3E034A" box="[900,1152,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">Mesoplodon densirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ventrolateral surface of the rostrum of both specimens is worn
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16BFFB3FD7F741EFDE1043F" blockId="21.[677,1210,1483,1700]" lastBlockId="22.[113,648,216,939]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">
The prominental notch is wide and roughly as deep as in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16BFFB0FCD674FEFC6403CD" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[786,986,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="layardii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16BFFB0FCD674FEFC6403CD" box="[786,986,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="582">Mesoplodon layardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A reduced maxillary foramen opens anterolaterally as a triangular fissure towards the prominental notch. At the level of the well developed maxillary tubercle, the preorbital process is barely convex, lacking a distinct maxillary crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FF4C7321FE430741" blockId="22.[113,648,216,939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">The distinctly asymmetric premaxillary sac fossae are short; the distance between the anterior margin of the bony nares and the premaxillary foramen is small. The premaxillary foramen is located in a shallow depression behind the level of the antorbital notch. The ascending process of the premaxilla is strongly constricted in anterior view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C168FFB3FF4C7043FD9B06C5" blockId="22.[113,648,216,939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="583">The vertex is moderately elevated. The premaxillary crest is thick and wide, posterolaterally directed. An oblique transverse groove limits ventrally the anterior surface of each premaxillary crest. The thicker right crest overhangs the ascending process. The lateral margins of the longitudinally elongated nasals are anteriorly diverging; the anterolateral corner is distinctly thrust into the medial part of the premaxillary crest. The anteromedial surface of the nasals is strongly excavated; it forms a deep vertical groove between the premaxillary crests. The naso-frontal suture is convex posteriorly.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

179
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<mods:title id="BD284093AC847B4416378A062FA01C0C">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="550B87C3C16FFFB4FF1F76F9FC460008" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4650941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4650941" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34B13052-445A-442F-A1F0-5474DD717091" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550B87C3C16FFFB4FF1F76F9FC460008" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FF1F76F9FDA301C7" box="[219,541,1166,1193]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FF1F76F9FDA301C7" blockId="17.[219,541,1166,1193]" box="[219,541,1166,1193]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<heading id="865581B9C16FFFB4FF1F76F9FDA301C7" box="[219,541,1166,1193]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FF1F76F9FE6201C7" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[219,476,1166,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agulhasis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FF1F76F9FE6201C7" bold="true" box="[219,476,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Khoikhoicetus agulhasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FE2676F8FDA301C7" box="[482,541,1167,1193]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB576B1FEBD007C" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB576B1FEBD007C" blockId="17.[113,647,1222,1299]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C16FFFB4FFB576B1FEBD007C" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" specimenCode="PQ 2678" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C16FFFB4FFB576B1FF6501B2" box="[113,219,1222,1245]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16FFFB4FECC76B1FE8501B0" box="[264,315,1222,1246]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC16FFFB4FE8776B1FE1C01B0" box="[323,418,1222,1246]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">PQ 2678</specimenCode>
, partial skull including most of the rostrum, the anterior part of the cranium, and the vertex.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB5775EFD8100FE" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB5775EFD8100FE" blockId="17.[113,648,1321,1424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
ETYMOLOGY. — The
<typeStatus id="02198877C16FFFB4FE84775EFE28002F" box="[320,406,1321,1345]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was found offshore from
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C16FFFB4FFB57734FF1F0035" box="[113,161,1347,1371]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Cape</collectingRegion>
Agulhas, a locality on the south coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C16FFFB4FDC97734FD3A0035" box="[525,644,1347,1371]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. The oceanic current running along the south-east coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C16FFFB4FF4F770FFEB800FE" box="[139,262,1400,1424]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">South Africa</collectingCountry>
is also named Agulhas Current.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB577D0FDD100B7" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB577D0FDD100B7" blockId="17.[113,646,1446,1497]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16FFFB4FFB577D0FF4500D3" box="[113,251,1447,1470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No exact locality.Trawled west of
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C16FFFB4FD9177D1FD3800D0" box="[597,646,1446,1470]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Cape</collectingRegion>
Agulhas, south coast of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C16FFFB4FE9D77B6FE6900B7" box="[345,471,1473,1497]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB57798FBB90452" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB57798FBB90452" blockId="17.[113,647,1519,1699]" lastBlockId="17.[677,1210,215,316]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FECA7798FE4F0369" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[270,497,1519,1543]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agulhasis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FECA7798FE4F0369" box="[270,497,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Khoikhoicetus agulhasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FE3D7798FD390368" box="[505,647,1519,1543]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all the other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FEAB747EFDA3034F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[367,541,1545,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
in lacking the posterolaterally directed premaxillary crest. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FF6C744BFEAB033A" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1968" box="[168,277,1596,1620]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Indopacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FF6C744BFEAB033A" box="[168,277,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Indopacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: smaller size; narrow rostrum base; narrower premaxillary crests and nasals longer than the frontals on the vertex. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FDCD7407FD3803E6" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[521,646,1648,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FDCD7407FD3803E6" box="[521,646,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Africanacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FFB574FCFF0803CD" box="[113,182,1675,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FF7A74FDFE9203CC" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[190,300,1674,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Hyperoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FF7A74FDFE9203CC" box="[190,300,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FEF274FDFE3A03CC" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[310,388,1674,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FEF274FDFE3A03CC" box="[310,388,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Ihlengesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FE4D74FCFE7203CD" box="[393,460,1675,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FE3874FDFDD603CC" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" box="[508,616,1674,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FE3874FDFDD603CC" box="[508,616,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Mesoplodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: shorter intrusion of the nasal in the premaxillary crest; premaxillary crest not overhanging the premaxillary sac fossa. The space between the premaxillary crests is wider than in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FD357353FCDF0452" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[753,865,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Hyperoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FD357353FCDF0452" box="[753,865,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Hyperoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FC577353FBBF0452" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" box="[915,1025,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FC577353FBBF0452" box="[915,1025,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Mesoplodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FD617320FC460008" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD617320FB8C041C" blockId="17.[677,1210,343,1382]" box="[677,1074,343,370]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C16FFFB4FC81732FFC25041C" box="[837,923,344,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1657,1674]" captionTargetBox="[134,1185,225,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[56,1268,217,1636]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Skull of Khoikhoicetus agulhasis n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2678, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651105/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">FIGS 13</figureCitation>
; 14;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC16FFFB4FC147320FB94041C" box="[976,1066,343,370]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="52.[113,122,1081,1098]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of the skulls of Hyperoodontinae from the Neogene of South Africa,Khoikhoicetus agulhasis n. gen., n. sp., Ihlengesi saldanhae n. gen., n. sp., Africanacetus ceratopsis n. gen., n. sp., and Mesoplodon slangkopi n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="17" pageNumber="578">TABLE 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD617301FB2E07C3" blockId="17.[677,1210,343,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
On the only known skull, the rostrum was probably relatively short, not much longer than the preserved length. It is somewhat wider than high along its anterior half and as wide as high posteriorly. The mesorostral groove is filled by the vomer, with a median suture on the posterior half. The ventral margin of the alveolar groove, lacking marks of alveoli, extends to the antorbital notch; contrary to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FBCE7023FB0C0700" authorityName="Haast" authorityYear="1876" box="[1034,1202,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grayi">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FBCE7023FB0C0700" box="[1034,1202,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Mesoplodon grayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FD617003FCB307E0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[677,781,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectori">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FD617003FCB307E0" box="[677,781,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">M. hectori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FCDF7003FC3007E0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[795,910,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="layardii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FCDF7003FC3007E0" box="[795,910,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">M. layardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FC0D7003FBF207E0" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[969,1100,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slangkopi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FC0D7003FBF207E0" box="[969,1100,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">M. slangkopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FB977003FB3207E0" box="[1107,1164,628,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below) this feature is not visible in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD7F70C4FB1B06E2" blockId="17.[677,1210,343,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
The rostrum base lacks a prominental notch; the antorbital notch is wide and probably shallow, at the level of the premaxillary foramen and slightly anterior to the small maxillary foramen lying along the premaxilla-maxilla suture. Posterior to the antorbital notch, a low maxillary crest thickens the preorbital process, with a lateral slope similar to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FC177106FBE906E5" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[979,1111,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Africanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FC177106FBE906E5" box="[979,1111,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Africanacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FB997105FB1B06E2" box="[1117,1189,882,908]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD7F71E6FC2B0127" blockId="17.[677,1210,343,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">The weakly asymmetric premaxillary sac fossae are anteromedially tilted. The ascending process is moderately constricted in anterior view. The foramina for the terminal nerve in the mesethmoid are strongly asymmetric; the left foramen is much smaller than the right.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD7F7638FC460008" blockId="17.[677,1210,343,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">The premaxillary crest is thin and laterally elongated, with a vertical anterior surface. The posterior projection of the premaxilla along the nasal reaches the frontal. The anterolateral corner of the roughly pentagon-shaped nasals forms only a small part of the premaxillary crest; the dorsal surface is anteromedially depressed. The naso-frontal suture is anteriorly pointed; the left nasal extends longer posteriorly than the right nasal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="DA4E5C3CBEA2A6F43B226BFE485660C3">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="989907D38B14959DD636BDC66759B566">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FEF67126FE7F0605" box="[306,449,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Khoikhoicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FE0D7125FDAD0602" box="[457,531,850,876]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB571FCFEEA06D3" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB571FCFEEA06D3" blockId="17.[113,646,906,957]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16FFFB4FFB571FCFF5106CF" box="[113,239,907,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<typeStatus id="02198877C16FFFB4FFB571FCFF1C06CE" box="[113,162,907,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES
</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FEDF71FDFE4806CC" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[283,502,906,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agulhasis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FEDF71FDFE4806CC" box="[283,502,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Khoikhoicetus agulhasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FE3871FCFD3C06CC" box="[508,642,907,931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by present designation.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB571A2FDD9014F" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB571A2FDD9014F" blockId="17.[113,646,980,1058]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">ETYMOLOGY. — Khoikhoi is one of the ethnic groups occupying south-western Africa, closely related to the Bushmen, “cetus” from Latin, whale. Gender masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FFB5764EFE53013E" box="[113,493,1080,1104]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FFB5764EFE53013E" blockId="17.[113,493,1080,1104]" box="[113,493,1080,1104]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">DIAGNOSIS. — Same as for the species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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136
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<mods:title id="06BA89C01393F3DD125ED9E07960A5EA">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="719950532733E921AEE36E51A1483832">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E101FD0B15E1E265DE5F9F56539D9E5D">Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Département de Paléontologie, rue Vautier, 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) olivier. lambert @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="29BF65E451382FFFEB718EB5F53DA5A8">2007</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FCF077DCFB9500A8" blockId="17.[820,1067,1451,1478]" box="[820,1067,1451,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<heading id="865581B9C16FFFB4FCF077DCFB9500A8" box="[820,1067,1451,1478]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FC4577DCFC6700AB" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[897,985,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FC4577DCFC6700AB" box="[897,985,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Ihlengesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FC2477DBFB9500A8" box="[992,1067,1452,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB4FD617795FCD7037A" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD617795FCD7037A" blockId="17.[677,1210,1506,1556]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16FFFB4FD617795FC9A0096" box="[677,804,1506,1529]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
<typeStatus id="02198877C16FFFB4FD617795FD6B0099" box="[677,725,1506,1529]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES
</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FC957795FBBB0094" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[849,1029,1506,1530]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saldanhae" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16FFFB4FC957795FBBB0094" box="[849,1029,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">Ihlengesi saldanhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16FFFB4FBC87795FB290097" box="[1036,1175,1506,1530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by present designation.
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD61745DFC7E0318" blockId="17.[677,1210,1577,1654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">
ETYMOLOGY. — “
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16FFFB4FC9E745EFC09032F" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[858,951,1577,1601]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ihlengesi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ihlengesi</taxonomicName>
” means dolphin (smaller animal from the sea) in the native South African Xhosa language. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC16FFFB6FD6174FCFCC80166" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="17" pageNumber="578" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16FFFB4FD6174FCFB9E03CD" blockId="17.[677,1056,1675,1699]" box="[677,1056,1675,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="578">DIAGNOSIS. — Same as for the species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16CFFB7FEBD72A1FE050587" box="[377,443,214,233]" pageId="18" pageNumber="579">maxilla</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC16CFFB7FFB5740EFEBB03CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651105" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="579" startId="18.[113,124,1657,1674]" targetBox="[134,1185,225,1632]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16CFFB7FFB5740EFEBB03CF" blockId="18.[113,1211,1657,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="579">
FIG. 13. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16CFFB7FED5740EFE6703E4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[273,473,1657,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agulhasis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16CFFB7FED5740EFE6703E4" box="[273,473,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="579">Khoikhoicetus agulhasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16CFFB7FE1B740EFDEA03E4" box="[479,596,1657,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="579" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2678, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16CFFB7FCF3740EFCFA03E4" bold="true" box="[823,836,1657,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="579">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16CFFB7FC7C740EFC7B03E4" bold="true" box="[952,965,1657,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="579">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16CFFB7FBFD740EFBF903E4" bold="true" box="[1081,1095,1657,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="579">C</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FD1971E4FBD706F4" blockId="19.[115,1211,903,1032]" box="[733,1129,903,934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">premaxilla vomer maxillary foramen</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16DFFB6FFB77196FCC80166" blockId="19.[115,1211,903,1032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C16DFFB6FFB77196FBBE069C" box="[115,1024,993,1010]" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" specimenCode="PQ 2678" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
FIG. 14. — Vertex of skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16DFFB6FEA47196FD96069C" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[352,552,993,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agulhasis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FEA47196FD96069C" box="[352,552,993,1010]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">Khoikhoicetus agulhasis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC16DFFB6FDEA7196FD1D069C" box="[558,675,993,1010]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C16DFFB6FD6F7196FD6A069C" box="[683,724,993,1010]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC16DFFB6FD1E7196FC99069C" box="[730,807,993,1010]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">PQ 2678</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="02198877C16DFFB6FCEA7196FCC7069C" box="[814,889,993,1010]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FC427196FC2D069C" bold="true" box="[902,915,993,1010]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FBCC7196FBAB069C" bold="true" box="[1032,1045,993,1010]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FF047180FF700166" bold="true" box="[192,206,1015,1032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16DFFB6FE897180FEE50166" bold="true" box="[333,347,1015,1032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="580">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B,
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; C, D,
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C16DFFB6FC827180FCCC0166" box="[838,882,1015,1032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="580" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
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Genus
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Cuvier, 1823
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AND ONLY SPECIES
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. —
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Cuvier, 1823
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sp.
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REFERRED SPECIMEN.
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SAM PQ 2826, a fragment of cranium including most of the vertex, the right and part of the left premaxillary sac fossae.
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LOCALITY. — Trawled at
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,
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, south coast of
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, Indian Ocean, depth of
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.
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FIG. 12. — Skull fragment of
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sp. (SAM PQ 2826):
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, dorsal view;
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, corresponding line drawing;
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, lateral view;
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, anterior view;
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, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C-E, 10 cm.
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(
<figureCitation id="45992A50C16EFFB5FFBD7759FF720026" box="[121,204,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[113,124,1191,1208]" captionTargetBox="[98,1187,230,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[98,1186,230,1178]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Skull fragment of Ziphius sp. (SAM PQ 2826): A, dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, lateral view; D, anterior view; E, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651103/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">FIG. 12</figureCitation>
;
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)
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16EFFB5FFB5773BFF5B030A" blockId="16.[113,647,1293,1699]" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">The anterior surface of the ascending process of the premaxilla is distinctly concave up to its dorsal portion, overhanging the premaxillary sac fossa. The highly asymmetric premaxillary crests (the right crest two times wider than the left) are anterolaterally directed. The nasals are greatly elongated anteriorly, being almost twice longer than wide. Their median suture is anteriorly shifted to the left.</paragraph>
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SAM PQ 2826 only differs from the Recent
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in: its larger size (see comparison of measurements with the largest skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16EFFB5FBAC7779FD5E0028" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16EFFB5FBAC7779FD5E0028" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Z. cavirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the SAM collection,
<tableCitation id="9020036EC16EFFB5FC34775AFB820029" box="[1008,1084,1325,1351]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="52.[113,122,735,752]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Comparison of measurements (in mm) of the vertex of Ziphius sp. from the Neogene of South Africa and of a Recent adult male Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823. Abbreviation: +, nearly complete." pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Table 3</tableCitation>
), the longer contact between nasal and premaxillary crest (a condition intermediary between
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16EFFB5FBC2771AFB3400E8" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[1030,1162,1389,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16EFFB5FBC2771AFB3400E8" box="[1030,1162,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Z. cavirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Pliocene
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16EFFB5FCEF77FBFC4F00CB" authorityName="Bianucci" authorityYear="1997" box="[811,1009,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Tusciziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16EFFB5FCEF77FBFC4F00CB" box="[811,1009,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Tusciziphius crispus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the relatively smaller nasals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C16EFFB5FD7F77BCFCF403CD" blockId="16.[677,1210,1293,1699]" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">
Considering the strong similarities with
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16EFFB5FBAD77BBFD58036A" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavirostris">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16EFFB5FBAD77BBFD58036A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Z. cavirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the level of the vertex, this specimen should be referred to the same genus. Because of its clearly larger size it may represent a new species of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C16EFFB5FCD0743DFCDA030A" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[788,868,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C16EFFB5FCD0743DFCDA030A" box="[788,868,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Ziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in view of its fragmentary preservation diagnosis at specific level is not currently possible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="7D1130FEFA327EE7768C21CD3C422DB8">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BAEC58F4EAF6E55F40AFEAC6CFFC75B">Bianucci, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="98E46AEAC296312E1E225B65666E840B">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C7BD0A038F91386F21A7B9020549BC9">Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Département de Paléontologie, rue Vautier, 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) olivier. lambert @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC172FFA9FF2377A8FDAF0094" box="[231,529,1503,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA9FF2377A8FDAF0094" blockId="12.[231,529,1503,1530]" box="[231,529,1503,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<heading id="865581B9C172FFA9FF2377A8FDAF0094" box="[231,529,1503,1530]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C172FFA9FF2377A8FE710094" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[231,463,1503,1530]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C172FFA9FF2377A8FE710094" bold="true" box="[231,463,1503,1530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Izikoziphius angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC172FFA9FE127797FDAF0094" box="[470,529,1504,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC172FFA9FFB5746FFEF8030E" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA9FFB5746FFEF8030E" blockId="12.[113,647,1560,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C172FFA9FFB5746FFEF8030E" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" specimenCode="PQ 3004" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C172FFA9FFB5746FFF650340" box="[113,219,1560,1583]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C172FFA9FEC2746FFE87035E" box="[262,313,1560,1584]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC172FFA9FEFA746FFE24035E" box="[318,410,1560,1584]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">PQ 3004</specimenCode>
, a partial skull including the rostrum and most of the dorsal surface of the cranium with the vertex.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC172FFA9FFB57407FC5B0099" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA9FFB57407FD3803CE" blockId="12.[113,647,1560,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">ETYMOLOGY. — From Latin “angustus”, narrow, for the transversely compressed rostrum, narrower than in the</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA9FD617797FC5B0099" blockId="12.[677,1209,1504,1597]" box="[677,997,1504,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
type species
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C172FFA9FCD97796FCE70099" box="[797,857,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">I. rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC172FFA9FCA47797FC5B0099" box="[864,997,1504,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC172FFA9FD61747AFB2E0352" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA9FD61747AFB2E0352" blockId="12.[677,1209,1504,1597]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C172FFA9FD61747AFC9B034D" box="[677,805,1549,1572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. —Trawled at 34°39’82”S,
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, southwest of
<collectingRegion id="1F66F837C172FFA9FD2F7452FCA50353" box="[747,795,1573,1597]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town, Atlantic Ocean, depth of
<specimenCount id="CBA4FD5CC172FFA9FB8F7453FB2E0352" box="[1099,1168,1572,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="generic">
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C172FFA9FB8F7453FB350352" box="[1099,1163,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC172FFA8FD617421FD820077" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="574" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA8FD617421FD820077" blockId="12.[677,1210,1621,1695]" lastBlockId="13.[113,647,1231,1305]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="574" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C172FFA9FCF37422FC470305" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[823,1017,1621,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C172FFA9FCF37422FC470305" box="[823,1017,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Izikoziphius angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC172FFA9FC397421FBC50305" box="[1021,1147,1622,1643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C172FFA9FD1C7407FCAC03EB" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[728,786,1648,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C172FFA9FD1C7407FCAC03EB" box="[728,786,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">I. rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC172FFA9FCD37407FC2803EB" box="[791,918,1648,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in: longer rostrum higher than wide; narrower rostrum base; more elevated maxillary crest, not extending on to the rostrum; mesethmoid distinctly keeled under the nasals; nasals much longer than wide and right side of vertex less elevated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89DD665DC173FFA8FFB57603FD8701F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651097/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" startId="13.[113,124,1140,1157]" targetBox="[116,1202,215,1078]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C173FFA8FFB57603FD8701F2" blockId="13.[113,1210,1140,1180]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
FIG. 9. — Vertex of skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C173FFA8FE8B7603FE6401EB" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[335,474,1140,1157]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FE8B7603FE6401EB" box="[335,474,1140,1157]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC173FFA8FE1A7603FDEF01EB" box="[478,593,1140,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 2086):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FD1B7603FD5201EB" bold="true" box="[735,748,1140,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FC9A7603FCD501EB" bold="true" box="[862,875,1140,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FBA67603FBCE01EB" bold="true" box="[1122,1136,1140,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FF6576FCFF1101F2" bold="true" box="[161,175,1163,1180]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC173FFAAFFB5773AFEF203CD" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="576" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C173FFA8FFB5773AFE400006" blockId="13.[113,647,1357,1700]" box="[113,510,1357,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C173FFA8FED57739FED60006" box="[273,360,1358,1384]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[113,124,1659,1676]" captionTargetBox="[134,1192,226,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[94,1236,215,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Skull of Izikoziphius angustus n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 3004, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view.Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651099/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">FIGS 10</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="45992A50C173FFA8FEB07739FE2C0006" box="[372,402,1358,1384]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[113,124,1214,1231]" captionTargetBox="[131,1193,218,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[125,1214,218,1171]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Skull of Izikoziphius angustus n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 3004, holotype): A, detail of the vertex in dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651101/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">11</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC173FFA8FE58773AFE490006" box="[412,503,1357,1384]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="51.[113,122,1043,1060]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of the skulls of Ziphiinae from the Neogene of South Africa,Izikoziphius rossi n. gen.,n. sp.,I. angustus n. gen., n. sp., and Ziphius sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="13" pageNumber="574">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C173FFA8FFB5771BFDAC00A8" blockId="13.[113,647,1357,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">The only known specimen is a well preserved skull including the complete rostrum, most of the dorsal surface of the cranium, and the vertex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C173FFA8FF4C77BCFC920029" blockId="13.[113,647,1357,1700]" lastBlockId="13.[677,1210,1229,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
The moderately elongated rostrum is higher than wide at mid-length and the dorsal surface of the maxilla is narrow. The rostrum base is narrower than in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C173FFA8FECE745DFE03032A" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[266,445,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FECE745DFE03032A" box="[266,445,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC173FFA8FE07745CFDE7032B" box="[451,601,1579,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; the widening toward the antorbital notch is abrupt. The thickened vomer completely fills the mesorostral groove and is slightly higher than the premaxilla for its entire length. Only the apical premaxillary portion of the rostrum shows a concave dorsal surface. No alveolar groove could be detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C173FFAAFD7F773BFF5D00E8" blockId="13.[677,1210,1229,1700]" lastBlockId="15.[113,647,1325,1699]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="576" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
The premaxillary foramen is posterior to the antorbital notch, roughly in line with the large, but transversely compressed, maxillary foramen. The slightly concave premaxillary sac fossa, as in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C173FFA8FD6177BCFCDF008B" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[677,865,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FD6177BCFCDF008B" box="[677,865,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC173FFA8FCAE77BBFBB30088" box="[874,1037,1484,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, overhangs the maxilla along its posterior part. The vertical anterior surface of the ascending process of the right premaxilla is excavated by a fossa less developed medially than in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C173FFA8FCA5743DFBAB030A" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[865,1045,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C173FFA8FCA5743DFBAB030A" box="[865,1045,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC173FFA8FBD8743DFB0B030A" box="[1052,1205,1610,1636]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, only contacting the nasal for a short distance. The left premaxilla is too damaged to determine the presence of a fossa. The keeled mesethmoid nearly completely covers the anterior surface of the nasals.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC170FFABFFB5740CFF6C03CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651099/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" startId="14.[113,124,1659,1676]" targetBox="[134,1192,226,1627]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C170FFABFFB5740CFF6C03CD" blockId="14.[113,1209,1659,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
FIG. 10. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C170FFABFEC8740CFE0403E2" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[268,442,1659,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C170FFABFEC8740CFE0403E2" box="[268,442,1659,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">Izikoziphius angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC170FFABFE7B740CFD8E03E2" box="[447,560,1659,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 3004, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C170FFABFCCA740CFCA503E2" bold="true" box="[782,795,1659,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C170FFABFC48740CFC2703E2" bold="true" box="[908,921,1659,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C170FFABFBCD740CFBA903E2" bold="true" box="[1033,1047,1659,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">C</emphasis>
, ventral view.Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89DD665DC171FFAAFFB576C9FC74018B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651101/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" startId="15.[113,124,1214,1231]" targetBox="[131,1193,218,1156]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C171FFAAFFB576C9FC74018B" blockId="15.[113,1210,1115,1253]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
FIG. 11. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C171FFAAFECA76C9FE0201A1" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[270,444,1214,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFECA76C9FE0201A1" box="[270,444,1214,1231]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Izikoziphius angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC171FFAAFE0676C9FD8B01A1" box="[450,565,1214,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 3004, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFCD176C9FC9C01A1" bold="true" box="[789,802,1214,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">A</emphasis>
, detail of the vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFB8276C9FBED01A1" bold="true" box="[1094,1107,1214,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFECE76A3FEA6018B" bold="true" box="[266,280,1236,1253]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFE5376A3FE1B018B" bold="true" box="[407,421,1236,1253]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C171FFAAFF4C77FBFE93036B" blockId="15.[113,647,1325,1699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
At the level of the preorbital process, the domelike maxillary crest is more elevated than in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C171FFAAFD8E77DCFF55008B" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFD8E77DCFF55008B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC171FFAAFF3477BBFEC30088" box="[240,381,1484,1510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and does not extend into the rostrum base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C171FFAAFF4C747DFEF203CD" blockId="15.[113,647,1325,1699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
On the elevated vertex the premaxillary crests are anterolaterally directed, similar to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C171FFAAFDCD745DFF22030A" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C171FFAAFDCD745DFF22030A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC171FFAAFF67743DFE8D030A" box="[163,307,1610,1636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The nasals are longer compared to their width than in the latter species and their dorsal surface is flat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="5F9EC88919519949E87303E8A9E67FC1">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="7BA803750DB05545DA20EB00969871F0">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="491DDE27CA3E53B3085F93797664D62C">Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Département de Paléontologie, rue Vautier, 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) olivier. lambert @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFCF573E2FB9304DE" box="[817,1069,405,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFCF573E2FB9304DE" blockId="9.[817,1069,405,432]" box="[817,1069,405,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<heading id="865581B9C177FFACFCF573E2FB9304DE" box="[817,1069,405,432]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFCF573E2FC5504DE" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[817,1003,405,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFCF573E2FC5504DE" bold="true" box="[817,1003,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFC3673E1FB9304DE" box="[1010,1069,406,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFD6173B8FB2E07EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD6173B8FD580775" blockId="9.[677,1210,463,539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C177FFACFD6173B8FD580775" collectionCode="PEM" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" specimenCode="N 3265" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C177FFACFD6173B8FCB0048B" box="[677,782,463,486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C177FFACFCFF73B8FCD10488" box="[827,879,463,486]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xqn4-34sv" name="Port Elizabeth Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="Museum">PEM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC177FFACFCB173B8FC7B0489" box="[885,965,463,487]" collectionCode="PEM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xqn4-34sv" name="Port Elizabeth Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="Museum">N 3265</specimenCode>
, a partial skull including the rostrum, the anterior part of the cranium, and the vertex.
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD617043FB2E07EE" blockId="9.[677,1210,563,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
REFERRED SPECIMEN. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C177FFACFC537043FC740722" box="[919,970,564,588]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">SAM</collectionCode>
PQ 2086, a partial skull including the rostrum, the anterior part of the cranium, and the vertex, trawled off the South African coast
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFD6170EFFC9E0791" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD6170EFFC9E0791" blockId="9.[677,1209,664,767]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">ETYMOLOGY. — Honouring Dr. Graham J. B. Ross, a cetologist formerly at the PEM who studied in detail extant cetaceans, including the ziphiids, of South African waters.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFD617160FC950627" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD617160FC950627" blockId="9.[677,1209,791,841]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C177FFACFD617160FCFF0643" box="[677,833,791,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No data. Trawled off the South African coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFD617115FC39015C" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD617115FC39015C" blockId="9.[677,1210,865,1074]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFCFB7116FC5C0617" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[831,994,865,889]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFCFB7116FC5C0617" box="[831,994,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFC2E7115FBCB0617" box="[1002,1141,866,890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFD18710BFCFF06FD" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[732,833,892,915]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFD18710BFCFF06FD" box="[732,833,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">I. angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFC8D710BFC6F06FD" box="[841,977,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in: rostrum wider than high at mid-length; wide rostrum base; maxillary crest extending on the rostrum base; wide fossa on the anterior surface of the ascending process of the right premaxilla excavating the nasal; anteromedian depression of the dorsal surface of the nasals and a distinctly more elevated right side of the vertex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFA9FD617638FD8E0002" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="573" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD617638FBAE0104" blockId="9.[677,1210,1103,1700]" box="[677,1040,1103,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
DESCRIPTION (
<figureCitation id="45992A50C177FFACFC817627FC1A0104" box="[837,932,1104,1130]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="10.[114,124,1490,1507]" captionStartId-1="11.[113,124,1144,1161]" captionStartId-2="12.[113,124,1422,1439]" captionStartId-3="13.[113,124,1140,1157]" captionTargetBox-0="[126,1197,226,1447]" captionTargetBox-1="[125,1196,232,1088]" captionTargetBox-2="[139,1192,226,1361]" captionTargetBox-3="[116,1202,215,1078]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@10.[168,1257,209,1448]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@11.[121,1210,218,1138]" captionTargetId-2="figure-22@12.[130,1219,214,1393]" captionTargetId-3="figure-18@13.[115,1204,214,1115]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="FIG. 6. — Skull of Izikoziphius rossi n. gen., n. sp. (PEM N 3265, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 7. — Vertex of skull of Izikoziphius rossi n. gen., n. sp. (PEM N 3265, holotype): A, dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 8. — Skull of Izikoziphius rossi n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2086): A, dorsal view; B, anterior view; C, lateral view; D, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 9. — Vertex of skull of Izikoziphius rossi n. gen., n. sp. (SAM PQ 2086): A, dorsal view; B, corresponding line drawing; C, anterior view; D, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651090" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651092" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651094" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651097" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4651090/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4651092/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4651094/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4651097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">FIGS 6-9</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC177FFACFC6B7638FBB70104" box="[943,1033,1103,1130]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="51.[113,122,1043,1060]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of the skulls of Ziphiinae from the Neogene of South Africa,Izikoziphius rossi n. gen.,n. sp.,I. angustus n. gen., n. sp., and Ziphius sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="9" pageNumber="570">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD617619FC2700C8" blockId="9.[677,1210,1103,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
The rostrum is wider than high at mid-length. The rostrum base is particularly wide (more prominent in the
<typeStatus id="02198877C177FFACFD2376D9FCF401A7" box="[743,842,1198,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); the lateral margin of the subhorizontal platform of the maxilla present from midway along the rostrum progressively diverges and rises to a crest towards the antorbital notch. The highest dome-like portion of the crest is located on the preorbital process. Medially to this dome, the large maxillary foramen opens anterolaterally with a circular section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD7F77DCFCBC036B" blockId="9.[677,1210,1103,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">The premaxilla is longer anteriorly than the maxilla. The alveolar groove is either absent or much reduced.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFD7F747DFBE603CA" blockId="9.[677,1210,1103,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">The mesorostral groove is filled with the thickened vomer, but a wide median groove is retained posteriorly.The maximum elevation of the vomer is around two thirds of the length of the rostrum in SAM PQ 2086, less pronounced in PEM N 3265.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C174FFAFFFB677A5FB05008D" blockId="10.[114,1211,1490,1507]" box="[114,1211,1490,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
FIG. 6. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C174FFAFFF3977A5FE3F008D" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[253,385,1490,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C174FFAFFF3977A5FE3F008D" box="[253,385,1490,1507]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC174FFAFFE4277A5FE4A008D" box="[390,500,1490,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(PEM N 3265, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C174FFAFFD7977A5FD77008D" bold="true" box="[701,713,1490,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C174FFAFFCF377A5FCFA008D" bold="true" box="[823,836,1490,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C174FFAFFC7477A5FC03008D" bold="true" box="[944,957,1490,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">C</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C174FFAEFF4C745DFC1B0049" blockId="10.[113,647,1578,1699]" lastBlockId="11.[677,1210,1261,1699]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
The narrow premaxillary foramen, posterior to the antorbital notch, is depressed compared to the slightly concave premaxillary sac fossa. The elevated lateral margin of the fossa overhangs the maxilla along its posterior half. The lateral margins of the ascending processes of the premaxillae are parallel until the elevated vertex. The vertical anterior surface of each ascending process is hollowed out by a deep elliptical fossa, extending medially on the anterolateral surface of the nasal. The right fossa is wider than the left. In relation to the morphology of the air sacs connected to the nasal passages and the surrounding bony configuration in Recent ziphiids and other odontocetes (
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C175FFAEFEA377FBFDBA00C8" author="HEYNING J. E." box="[359,516,1420,1446]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref19241" refString="HEYNING J. E. 1989. - Comparative facial anatomy of beaked whales (Ziphiidae) and a systematic revision among the families of extant Odontoceti. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 405: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1989">Heyning 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C175FFAEFDCA77FBFF7300A8" author="CRANFORD T. W. &amp; AMUNDIN M. &amp; NORRIS K. S." pageId="11" pageNumber="572" pagination="223 - 285" refId="ref18846" refString="CRANFORD T. W., AMUNDIN M. &amp; NORRIS K. S. 1996. - Functional morphology and homology in the Odontocete nasal complex: implications for sound generation. Journal of Morphology 228: 223 - 285." type="journal article" year="1996">
Cranford
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFDB177FBFF3200AB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
), this fossa corresponds to the location of the posterior nasal sac (
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFEAE77BBFE20008B" box="[362,414,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C175FFAEFE6177BCFDFA008B" author="HEYNING J. E." box="[421,580,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref19241" refString="HEYNING J. E. 1989. - Comparative facial anatomy of beaked whales (Ziphiidae) and a systematic revision among the families of extant Odontoceti. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 405: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1989">Heyning 1989</bibRefCitation>
, more generally the caudal sac in
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C175FFAEFE53779CFDC40368" author="CRANFORD T. W. &amp; AMUNDIN M. &amp; NORRIS K. S." box="[407,634,1515,1542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" pagination="223 - 285" refId="ref18846" refString="CRANFORD T. W., AMUNDIN M. &amp; NORRIS K. S. 1996. - Functional morphology and homology in the Odontocete nasal complex: implications for sound generation. Journal of Morphology 228: 223 - 285." type="journal article" year="1996">
Cranford
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFDC6779CFD89036B" box="[514,567,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
). We suggest that in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C175FFAEFE8E747DFE74034A" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[330,458,1546,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFE8E747DFE74034A" box="[330,458,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Izikoziphius</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC175FFAEFE16747CFD9E034B" box="[466,544,1547,1573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
a homologous air sac was located in this elliptical fossa. A pair of smaller fossae is present ventromedially at the naso-mesethmoid suture (best seen in SAM PQ 2086), probably related to the foramina of the terminal nerve. The mesethmoid is weakly or not keeled under the nasals.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C175FFAEFFB5760FFC8C01CE" blockId="11.[113,1211,1005,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
FIG. 7. — Vertex of skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C175FFAEFE92760FFE5F01E7" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[342,481,1144,1161]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFE92760FFE5F01E7" box="[342,481,1144,1161]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC175FFAEFE23760FFDE301E7" box="[487,605,1144,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(PEM N 3265, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFCF1760FFCFC01E7" bold="true" box="[821,834,1144,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFC7C760FFC7B01E7" bold="true" box="[952,965,1144,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFFB576F8FFC101CE" bold="true" box="[113,127,1167,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C175FFAEFF3A76F8FEB201CE" bold="true" box="[254,268,1167,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C175FFAEFD7F775AFBDF00E9" blockId="11.[677,1210,1261,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">The relatively thin premaxillary crests are anterolaterally directed. The right crest is twice longer than the left (best preserved in PEM N 3265).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C175FFAEFD7F77FBFCF4030A" blockId="11.[677,1210,1261,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">The large nasals, widest at mid-length and slightly longer than wide, are anteriorly longer than the premaxillary crests. Their dorsal surface is slightly anteromedially depressed. The naso-frontal suture is posteriorly irregularly convex with the right nasal longer than the left. The frontals were originally probably short.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C175FFAEFD7F741DFB8403CD" blockId="11.[677,1210,1261,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">In anterior view, the right side of the vertex is considerably higher than the left side.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C172FFA9FEB2772EFD8E0002" blockId="12.[374,560,1369,1388]" box="[374,560,1369,1388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">infraorbital foramen</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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Subfamily
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GENUS
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Cuvier, 1823
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. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE6873C8FE4104B8" authorityName="du Bus" authorityYear="1868" box="[428,511,447,470]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Aporotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE6873C8FE4104B8" box="[428,511,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Aporotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFDCA73C8FD3E04B9" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="2005" box="[526,640,447,471]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Beneziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFDCA73C8FD3E04B9" box="[526,640,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Beneziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFFB573ADFF5A049C" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Post" authorityYear="2005" box="[113,228,474,498]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Caviziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFFB573ADFF5A049C" box="[113,228,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Caviziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFF3773ADFECB049C" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[243,373,474,498]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Choneziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFF3773ADFECB049C" box="[243,373,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Choneziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE4073ADFE42049F" box="[388,508,474,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Messapicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE4073ADFE42049F" box="[388,508,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Messapicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFDCE73ADFD3E049C" authorityName="Bianucci" authorityYear="1997" box="[522,640,474,498]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Tusciziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFDCE73ADFD3E049C" box="[522,640,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Tusciziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFFB57383FF500762" authorityName="du Bus" authorityYear="1868" box="[113,238,500,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ziphirostrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFFB57383FF500762" box="[113,238,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Ziphirostrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEDB7383FE2F0762" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[287,401,500,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFEDB7383FE2F0762" box="[287,401,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFE537382FE650763" box="[407,475,501,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFFB57053FE9B0647" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFFB57053FE9B0647" blockId="9.[113,647,548,810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — The subfamily
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE287053FDF60752" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[492,584,548,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ziphiinae">Ziphiinae</taxonomicName>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFF3A7049FEE30738" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[254,349,574,598]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ziphiidae</taxonomicName>
in having the contact between nasal and premaxillary crest reduced and the transverse premaxillary crest directed anterolaterally. It further differs from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEDD70FAFE3207CB" box="[281,396,653,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
in the lack of a nodular interparietal on the vertex, from the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE1770DFFD3D07AE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[467,643,680,704]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFFB570B5FF5007B4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[113,238,706,730]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Khoikhoicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFFB570B5FF5007B4" box="[113,238,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Khoikhoicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFF3770B4FE8A07B5" box="[243,308,707,731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEF870B4FE2A07B4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[316,404,707,730]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Pterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFEF870B4FE2A07B4" box="[316,404,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Pterocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFE5D70B4FE6507B5" box="[409,475,707,731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE2670B5FDFF07B4" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[482,577,706,730]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Xhosacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE2670B5FDFF07B4" box="[482,577,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Xhosacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFD8170B4FD3907B5" box="[581,647,707,731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(three new genera described below), and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFDC070A9FDD2079B" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[516,620,734,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFDC070A9FDD2079B" box="[516,620,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the lack of an intrusion of the nasal into the narrow premaxillary crest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="7AA6D563FA295E1228248353920F04C6">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="1896E0950D8678C2C7943FB56503064C">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C04E1B5125370FBC816E6C55933B1457">Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Département de Paléontologie, rue Vautier, 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) olivier. lambert @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFF2A7106FDB406E2" box="[238,522,881,908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFF2A7106FDB406E2" blockId="9.[238,522,881,908]" box="[238,522,881,908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<heading id="865581B9C177FFACFF2A7106FDB406E2" box="[238,522,881,908]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEFF7106FE0706E5" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[315,441,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFEFF7106FE0706E5" box="[315,441,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFE047105FDB406E2" box="[448,522,882,908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFFB571DCFF490148" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFFB571DCFE8806B2" blockId="9.[113,646,938,988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C177FFACFFB571DCFF4B06AF" box="[113,245,939,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<typeStatus id="02198877C177FFACFFB571DCFF1D06AE" box="[113,163,939,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES
</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEE071DDFE7706AC" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[292,457,938,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFEE071DDFE7706AC" box="[292,457,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFE1671DCFDDC06AC" box="[466,610,939,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by present designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFFB57181FF490148" blockId="9.[113,646,1012,1063]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C177FFACFFB57181FE3E0165" box="[113,384,1014,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE757183FD380162" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[433,646,1012,1036]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE757183FD380162" box="[433,646,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFFB57678FF490148" box="[113,247,1039,1063]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFFB57648FDC801C8" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFFB57648FDC801C8" blockId="9.[113,647,1087,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
ETYMOLOGY. — Iziko is the network of South African museums, which includes the South African Museum where most of the specimens studied here are stored,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFFB576F9FF0701C8" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[113,185,1166,1190]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFFB576F9FF0701C8" box="[113,185,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Ziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Recent ziphiid genus. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC177FFACFFB576C9FBB6043B" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C177FFACFFB576C9FBB6043B" blockId="9.[113,647,1214,1699]" lastBlockId="9.[677,1209,215,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFECE76C9FEC201B8" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[266,380,1214,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Izikoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFECE76C9FEC201B8" box="[266,380,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFE4776C9FE7601B8" box="[387,456,1214,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all the other members of the
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE9276A0FE090181" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[342,439,1239,1263]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ziphiinae">Ziphiinae</taxonomicName>
in the presence of a fossa on the anterior surface of the ascending process of the premaxilla distinct from the premaxillary sac fossa. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEFE7753FE3C0052" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[314,386,1316,1340]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Ziphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFEFE7753FE3C0052" box="[314,386,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Ziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: longer rostrum; lack of a prenarial basin; lesser asymmetry of the premaxillary sac fossae (&lt;0.40) and longer contact between nasal and premaxillary crest. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE347706FDDA00E7" authorityName="Bianucci" authorityYear="1997" box="[496,612,1393,1417]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Tusciziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE347706FDDA00E7" box="[496,612,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Tusciziphius</emphasis>
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in: the barely concave premaxillary sac fossa and the anterior part of the nasal not contacting the premaxillary crest. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE8577C9FE7F00B8" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[321,449,1470,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Choneziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE8577C9FE7F00B8" box="[321,449,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Choneziphius</emphasis>
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in: longer rostrum; premaxillae medially separated on the rostrum by the thickened vomer and barely concave premaxillary sac fossa. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFEF1747CFE1B034D" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Post" authorityYear="2005" box="[309,421,1547,1571]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Caviziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFEF1747CFE1B034D" box="[309,421,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Caviziphius</emphasis>
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in: premaxillae medially separated on the rostrum by the thickened vomer; lower rostrum base and less asymmetric and barely concave premaxillary sac fossa. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFDEB742FFD3E0301" authorityName="du Bus" authorityYear="1868" box="[559,640,1624,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Aporotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFDEB742FFD3E0301" box="[559,640,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Aporotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFFB57406FF5F03E7" box="[113,225,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Beneziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFF297405FEDC03E7" box="[237,354,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Messapicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFE537406FDAA03E7" authorityName="du Bus" authorityYear="1868" box="[407,532,1649,1673]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ziphirostrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFE537406FDAA03E7" box="[407,532,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Ziphirostrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: longitudinally elongated nasals; premaxillae medially separated on the rostrum by the thickened vomer and lack of a constriction of the ascending process of the premaxilla (last character less clearly present in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C177FFACFBC4737CFBCB044C" box="[1024,1141,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Messapicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFBC4737CFBCB044C" box="[1024,1141,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Messapicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Both species of
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFCC37353FCC70452" box="[775,889,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Izikoziphius</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC177FFACFCBB7353FC7D0452" box="[895,963,292,316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have a somewhat smaller cranium size than
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C177FFACFC9C734AFBBC043B" box="[856,1026,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Ziphius cavirostris</emphasis>
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.
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<heading id="865581B9C17AFFA1FCD57618FBF301E7" box="[785,1101,1134,1161]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" reason="2">
Genus
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC9A7619FC4501E6" box="[862,1019,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17AFFA1FBC77618FBF301E7" box="[1027,1101,1135,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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SPECIES
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. —
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC8E76DEFB8E01AF" box="[842,1072,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius africanus</emphasis>
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, by present designation.
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ETYMOLOGY. — From the Ancient Greek “mikros”, small and
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, a Recent ziphiid genus.
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FBEE7778FB070049" box="[1066,1209,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius</emphasis>
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for the small size of the species and its cranial similarities with
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC827733FC210032" box="[838,927,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
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spp. Gender masculine.
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<mods:part id="DFDD37AD70D262822D9AC1079DB70521">
<mods:date id="0B550A4CD3FC4A54789D0E42072C784F">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CC0817AA511D7588EB496F509DE765A5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AFB9F605383C0DFCC25511475298525F">29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="57F59DC643206338E60372CF57F4F7BC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="877172AE810482EF6D37E0EAF0A2546B">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="63DF55DDBE8026716C37E1F056329E61" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4F54E7FD6CA2A31258A1A82393DA524B">561</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5379090A93A37BE4179CAF830CE9520E">618</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="581C1188CECFEB4EBE61BCBDAC38000B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="45EA3715A8753B5128828D5C6701890E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4651080</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C5560CABEE000B95CAA3AB97D2ED1B26" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="80FB150BBD8BB485939002650C3C9BD4" type="Zenodo-Dep">4651080</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="550B87C3C17AFFA1FF74771BFC7D0144" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4650893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4650893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550B87C3C17AFFA1FF74771BFC7D0144" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550B87C3C17AFFA1FF74771BFC7D0144" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA1FF74771BFDF900E8" box="[176,583,1388,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FF74771BFDF900E8" blockId="4.[176,583,1388,1415]" box="[176,583,1388,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<heading id="865581B9C17AFFA1FF74771BFDF900E8" box="[176,583,1388,1415]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" reason="3">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FEE0771AFDF900E8" authority="Moore, 1968" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1968" box="[292,583,1388,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">
BERARDIINAE
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C17AFFA1FE7D771AFDF900E8" author="MOORE J. C." box="[441,583,1388,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="209 - 298" refId="ref19693" refString="MOORE J. C. 1968. - Relationships among the living genera of beaked whales. Fieldiana: Zoology 53 (4): 209 - 298." type="journal article" year="1968">Moore, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA1FFB577D1FDB90367" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FFB577D1FDA400D0" blockId="4.[113,538,1446,1470]" box="[113,538,1446,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C17AFFA1FFB577D1FF5700D2" box="[113,233,1446,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<typeStatus id="02198877C17AFFA1FFB577D1FF1C00D2" box="[113,162,1446,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">TYPE</typeStatus>
GENUS
</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FED177D1FDA800D0" authority="Duvernoy, 1851" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[277,534,1446,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FED177D1FED000D0" box="[277,366,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
Duvernoy, 1851
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FFB577AFFDB90367" blockId="4.[113,646,1494,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C17AFFA1FFB577AFFED90083" box="[113,359,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">OTHER GENERA INCLUDED</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FE5477A1FF400367" authority="Lambert &amp; Louwye, 2006" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Archaeoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FE5477A1FDA90080" box="[400,535,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Archaeoziphius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C17AFFA1FDD877A1FF400367" author="LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="182 - 191" refId="ref19464" refString="LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2006. - Archaeoziphius microglenoideus, a new primitive beaked whale (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Middle Miocene of Belgium. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (1): 182 - 191." type="journal article" year="2006">Lambert &amp; Louwye, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FEEB7786FE030367" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[303,445,1521,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FEEB7786FE030367" box="[303,445,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17AFFA1FE077786FDB90367" box="[451,519,1521,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA1FFB57455FBB1041D" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FFB57455FC160464" blockId="4.[113,647,1569,1699]" lastBlockId="4.[677,1209,215,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FEA67456FE730357" box="[354,461,1569,1593]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
differ from all other
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FFB5744BFF6C033A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[113,210,1596,1620]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ziphiidae</taxonomicName>
in the presence of a nodular protuberance formed by the interparietal or the frontals on the vertex
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FFB57407FF7403E6" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[113,202,1648,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FFB57407FF7403E6" box="[113,202,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are further characterized by two pairs of apical and subapical enlarged teeth on the mandible; this character still needs to be confirmed in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FBE872A0FB070581" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2006" box="[1068,1209,215,239]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Archaeoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FBE872A0FB070581" box="[1068,1209,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Archaeoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FD0B7286FCE30467" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[719,861,241,265]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FD0B7286FCE30467" box="[719,861,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17AFFA1FCA07285FC160464" box="[868,936,242,266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FD7F737BFBB1041D" blockId="4.[677,1209,215,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
Other characters differentiating
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC21737BFBEF044A" box="[997,1105,268,292]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
from more derived taxa are mostly symplesiomorphies: narrow and thin premaxillary crest on the low vertex; supraoccipital lower than the frontals on the vertex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA1FD6173E1FC7D0144" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FD6173E1FC9804C0" blockId="4.[677,1210,406,1066]" box="[677,806,406,432]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FD6173C2FCA506E5" blockId="4.[677,1210,406,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
The content of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC1073C2FBF204A1" box="[980,1100,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
as defined here is more similar to the subtribe
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FBED73A2FB230481" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1065,1181,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiina">Berardiina</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C17AFFA1FD617382FCFE077E" author="MOORE J. C." box="[677,832,501,528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="209 - 298" refId="ref19693" refString="MOORE J. C. 1968. - Relationships among the living genera of beaked whales. Fieldiana: Zoology 53 (4): 209 - 298." type="journal article" year="1968">Moore (1968)</bibRefCitation>
(only including
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC327382FBE50761" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[1014,1115,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC327382FBE50761" box="[1014,1115,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) than to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCC37062FCC90741" box="[775,887,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Berardiini">Berardiini</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C17AFFA1FC5C7062FBFE0741" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[920,1088,533,559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="279 - 326" refId="ref19722" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1991. - A new Ziphiidae (Cetacea) from the early Miocene of Washington State (USA) and phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of odontocetes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle ser. 4, sect. C, 12 (3 - 4): 279 - 326." type="journal article" year="1991">Muizon (1991)</bibRefCitation>
(including
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FD617043FCB10720" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[677,783,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FD617043FCB10720" box="[677,783,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCE47043FC170720" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1983" box="[800,937,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ninoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FCE47043FC170720" box="[800,937,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Ninoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC347042FBD20720" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[1008,1132,565,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC347042FBD20720" box="[1008,1132,565,590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or to the subfamily?
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC917023FC690700" box="[853,983,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C17AFFA1FBC57023FB070701" author="LAMBERT O." box="[1025,1209,596,623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="443 - 497" refId="ref19413" refString="LAMBERT O. 2005. - Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium). Geodiversitas 27 (3): 443 - 497." type="journal article" year="2005">Lambert (2005)</bibRefCitation>
(including
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCD97003FC3C07E0" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[797,898,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FCD97003FC3C07E0" box="[797,898,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC737003FB9307E3" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1937" box="[951,1069,628,653]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Tasmacetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC737003FB9307E3" box="[951,1069,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Tasmacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Additional specimens of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCFA70E4FC7F07C3" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1983" box="[830,961,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Ninoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FCFA70E4FC7F07C3" box="[830,961,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Ninoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a well preserved vertex could clarify the relationships of this genus in the proposed framework. A fragmentary cranium from the Neogene of
<collectingCountry id="A5B57645C17AFFA1FBC67084FBFE0663" box="[1026,1088,755,781]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Japan</collectingCountry>
is referred to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FD007165FC970642" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[708,809,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FD007165FC970642" box="[708,809,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C17AFFA1FCA47165FBE80642" author="TAKAHASHI K. &amp; NOMURA M. &amp; KOBAYASHI I." box="[864,1110,786,812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="102 - 105" refId="ref19955" refString="TAKAHASHI K., NOMURA M. &amp; KOBAYASHI I. 1989. - A fossil cetacean skull (Berardius sp. indet.) from Dogama, Ogi-machi, Sado Island, Central Japan. Earth Science 43 (2): 102 - 105." type="journal article" year="1989">
Takahashi
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC1F7164FBAF0642" box="[987,1041,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
); despite general shape similarities with
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FC217145FBF80622" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[997,1094,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FC217145FBF80622" box="[997,1094,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the vertex might be too incomplete to provide diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FD7871E6FC7D0144" blockId="4.[677,1210,406,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
The presence of an ossified mesethmoid filling a significant portion of the mesorostral groove, observed in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCE371A7FC370684" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[807,905,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FCE371A7FC370684" box="[807,905,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not verifiable in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FBB671A6FCBA0164" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FBB671A6FCBA0164" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17AFFA1FCCE7187FCE90164" box="[778,855,1008,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is also noted in SAM PQ 69676 (see below,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCDB7667FCDC0147" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[799,866,1040,1065]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FCDB7667FCDC0147" box="[799,866,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Nenga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17AFFA1FCAD7667FC090144" box="[873,951,1040,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="96B6BF3FEF46231F3F669C1E99735CBC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4651080" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651080" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617195131926" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bianucci, Giovanni, Lambert, Olivier &amp; Post, Klaas" docDate="2007" docId="550B87C3C17AFFA2FCC177BDFB980622" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.29.4.561-618.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 29 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Microberardius africanus Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="8D771B3B-07F1-4F28-8965-31CD5FBBC3B7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="568" masterDocId="A932FFBBC17EFFA5FFC47277FFBE056E" masterDocTitle="A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="618" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="565" updateTime="1698897450673" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="FF4300DD5CFBA0FC32C53E776841AF95">A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AD5657CF7E84D3683D6D19CF8E685F8">Bianucci, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A189494FCA00097C485B5D438DF8CBFF">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via S. Maria, 53, I- 56126 Pisa (Italy) bianucci @ dst. unipi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C55F427F1217CEF4A28CC146DCC861EE">Lambert, Olivier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EFD8893A40EE36F98509E988C77BB32F">Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Département de Paléontologie, rue Vautier, 29, B- 1000 Brussels (Belgium) olivier. lambert @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="346BE69F7AB102C20F736687EB716432">Post, Klaas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="393C3F14355DB853B835516C4FE61DB2">Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam, P. O. Box 23452, NL- 3001 Rotterdam (The Netherlands) klaas @ fiskano. nl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="96EEFFC761C87769E142F6495B9679F5">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="405DD287B641049EE6FA38F7913D1270">2007</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA1FCC177BDFBE70088" box="[773,1113,1482,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FCC177BDFBE70088" blockId="4.[773,1113,1482,1510]" box="[773,1113,1482,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<heading id="865581B9C17AFFA1FCC177BDFBE70088" box="[773,1113,1482,1510]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17AFFA1FCC177BDFBA9008B" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[773,1047,1482,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17AFFA1FCC177BDFBA9008B" bold="true" box="[773,1047,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Microberardius africanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17AFFA1FBDA77BBFBE70088" box="[1054,1113,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA1FD61747FFBD1033A" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FD61747FFBD1033A" blockId="4.[677,1210,1544,1621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C17AFFA1FD61747FFBD1033A" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" specimenCode="PQ 3003" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="02198877C17AFFA1FD61747FFCB00370" box="[677,782,1544,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C17AFFA1FCFD747FFCD2034E" box="[825,876,1544,1568]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC17AFFA1FCB5747FFC73034E" box="[881,973,1544,1568]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">PQ 3003</specimenCode>
, a partial skull including the anteriorly worn rostrum, most of the dorsal surface of the cranium and the nearly complete vertex.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC17AFFA0FD617406FEBB03CC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17AFFA1FD617406FC9903CD" blockId="4.[677,1209,1648,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
ETYMOLOGY. — “africanus” for the African origin of the
<typeStatus id="02198877C17AFFA1FD0E74FCFC9D03CD" box="[714,803,1675,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17BFFA0FEBC744BFE0A0321" blockId="5.[113,1211,1582,1698]" box="[376,436,1596,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">frontal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C17BFFA0FFB5740DFEBB03CC" blockId="5.[113,1211,1582,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<materialsCitation id="6DCA3C88C17BFFA0FFB5740DFC1103E5" box="[113,943,1658,1675]" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" specimenCode="PQ 3003" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
FIG. 2. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C17BFFA0FEC3740DFE6B03E5" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[263,469,1658,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17BFFA0FEC3740DFE6B03E5" box="[263,469,1658,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Microberardius africanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC17BFFA0FE1F740DFDEE03E5" box="[475,592,1658,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C17BFFA0FD9D740DFD3C03E5" box="[601,642,1658,1675]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D049EAEC17BFFA0FD4C740DFD6B03E5" box="[648,725,1658,1675]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">PQ 3003</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="02198877C17BFFA0FD19740DFC9603E5" box="[733,808,1658,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17BFFA0FCF1740DFCFC03E5" bold="true" box="[821,834,1658,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view
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;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17BFFA0FC73740DFC7A03E5" bold="true" box="[951,964,1658,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">B</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C17BFFA0FBFD740DFBF903E5" bold="true" box="[1081,1095,1658,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">C</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bar:
<quantity id="1A5A9B30C17BFFA0FF0F74E6FEBC03CC" box="[203,258,1681,1698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89DD665DC178FFA3FFB57633FC4D0102" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" startId="6.[113,124,1092,1109]" targetBox="[135,1201,221,1041]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA3FFB57633FC4D0102" blockId="6.[113,1209,1092,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
FIG. 3. — Skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FECC7633FE6B013B" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[264,469,1092,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FECC7633FE6B013B" box="[264,469,1092,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Microberardius africanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC178FFA3FE1F7633FDEF013B" box="[475,593,1092,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM PQ 3003, holotype):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FCF17633FCFC013B" bold="true" box="[821,834,1092,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">A</emphasis>
, detail of the vertex in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FBAB7633FBC2013B" bold="true" box="[1135,1148,1092,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FEF7762CFEFF0102" bold="true" box="[307,321,1115,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">C</emphasis>
, anterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FE04762CFE700102" bold="true" box="[448,462,1115,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">D</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, D, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC178FFA3FFB576F8FF4601AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA3FFB576F8FF4601AE" blockId="6.[113,646,1166,1216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
<collectionCode id="BBB3AE10C178FFA3FFB576F8FEB301CB" box="[113,269,1167,1190]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — No data. Trawled off the South African coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC178FFA3FFB576AEFE870097" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA3FFB576AEFE870097" blockId="6.[113,647,1240,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FECE76AFFE4B019E" authority="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post, 2007" authorityName="Bianucci &amp; Lambert &amp; Post" authorityYear="2007" box="[266,501,1240,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Microberardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FECE76AFFE4B019E" box="[266,501,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Microberardius africanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E557BCC178FFA3FE3976AEFD39019E" box="[509,647,1241,1265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FF2D7684FEFC0065" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[233,322,1267,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FF2D7684FEFC0065" box="[233,322,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: smaller size; thickening of the vomer in the anterior portion of the mesorostral groove; rostrum higher than wide along most of its length; narrower rostrum base and maxillary crest not extended on the rostrum base. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FE1C772BFDDB001A" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2006" box="[472,613,1372,1396]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Archaeoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FE1C772BFDDB001A" box="[472,613,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Archaeoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: slightly concave premaxillary sac fossa; higher maxillary crest; more anteriorly pointed nasals; larger distance between the maxillae across the vertex and the nodular bone in the posterior vertex being the interparietal instead of the frontals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B8655EC178FFA2FFB5745CFB980622" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA3FFB5745CFE5D032B" blockId="6.[113,647,1579,1700]" box="[113,483,1579,1605]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
DESCRIPTION (FIGS 2; 3;
<tableCitation id="9020036EC178FFA3FE44745CFE66032B" box="[384,472,1579,1605]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="51.[113,122,268,285]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of the skulls of Berardiinae from the Neogene of South Africa, Microberardius africanus n. gen., n. sp. and Berardiinae indet. Abbreviations: e, estimate; +, nearly complete; -, no data." pageId="6" pageNumber="567">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA3FFB5743DFD3803CA" blockId="6.[113,647,1579,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Considering the height of the preserved apex of the rostrum, a significant part of the anterior portion is probably missing. Where preserved, the rostrum</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA3FD7476F9FC97008B" blockId="6.[688,1222,1166,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
height is larger than the width at the same level, except along the base. The dense vomer fills the anterior part of the mesorostral groove, leaving a widely open space posteriorly for the presumed anterior extension of the ossified mesethmoid. Among Recent ziphiids, a lengthened ossified portion of the mesethmoid is only observed in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FD74771BFCAD00E8" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[688,787,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FD74771BFCAD00E8" box="[688,787,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FC4E771AFBCF00E9" authority=", SAM ZM" authorityName="SAM ZM" box="[906,1137,1388,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnuxii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FC4E771AFC4900E8" box="[906,1015,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">B. arnuxii</emphasis>
, SAM ZM
</taxonomicName>
39296;
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C178FFA3FD7477FBFCA900C8" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1883" box="[688,791,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bairdii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C178FFA3FD7477FBFCA900C8" box="[688,791,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">B. bairdii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C178FFA3FCFE77FBFC1100C8" author="TRUE F. W." box="[826,943,1420,1446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref20044" refString="TRUE F. W. 1910. - An account of the beaked whales of the family Ziphiidae in the collection of the United States National Museum, with remarks on some specimens in other American museums. Bulletin of the US National Museum 73: 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1910">True 1910</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 26). A marked sulcus laterally separates the thickened vomer from the premaxilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C178FFA2FD03779CFDF50127" blockId="6.[688,1222,1166,1700]" lastBlockId="7.[113,647,786,1700]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
The premaxillary sac fossa is slightly concave. The ascending process of the premaxilla lacks a constriction under the premaxillary crest in anterior view. The moderate elevation towards the vertex does not reach vertical. The premaxillary crest is transversely oriented without a distinct dorsal thickening or widening, similar to
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C179FFA2FE897165FE570642" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2006" box="[333,489,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Ziphiidae" genus="Archaeoziphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FE897165FE570642" box="[333,489,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Archaeoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C179FFA2FDD97165FDC10642" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[541,639,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FDD97165FDC10642" box="[541,639,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The right crest is somewhat wider than the left. The large maxillary foramen just posterior to the level of the antorbital notch is anteriorly followed by a wide and short groove. Both right premaxillary and maxillary foramina are located more posteriorly than their left side counterparts. A high maxillary crest culminating on the preorbital process adjoins the maxillary foramen laterally. Unlike in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C179FFA2FE3D7678FDE70147" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1851" box="[505,601,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FE3D7678FDE70147" box="[505,601,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the crest does not extent onto the rostrum base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89DD665DC179FFA2FFB570ECFC4107AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4651086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" startId="7.[113,124,667,684]" targetBox="[118,1205,224,612]" targetPageId="7">
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FIG. 4. — Vertex of skull of
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C179FFA2FE8970ECFE6807C2" box="[333,470,667,684]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnuxii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FE8970ECFE6807C2" box="[333,470,667,684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Berardius arnuxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM ZM 39296):
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FDB470ECFDC307C2" bold="true" box="[624,637,667,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FD2A70ECFD4507C2" bold="true" box="[750,763,667,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">B</emphasis>
, posterior view;
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FC4770ECFC2F07C2" bold="true" box="[899,913,667,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">C</emphasis>
, lateral view. Note the nodular interparietal between the frontals and the supraoccipital that does not reach the vertex dorsally. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD1D36D5C179FFA2FF4C7638FB980622" blockId="7.[113,647,786,1700]" lastBlockId="7.[677,1209,786,844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
The dorsal surface of the nasals is damaged. Their outline is pentagon-shaped, their anterior point reaches the level of the premaxillary crest and the anterolateral corner does not thrust into the premaxillary crest. The anteromedian groove between the nasals seen in dorsal view is probably caused by erosion. The naso-frontal suture is irregular with a posteriorly longer right nasal. The frontals are more transversely compressed and lower than the nasals on the vertex. Posterior to the frontals, lower and slightly shifted to the right, is a nodular uneven bone interpreted as an interparietal. Its low position relative to the vertex in lateral view suggests that the supraoccipital did not reach the vertex dorsally. Such a bone is at least occasionally observed in a similar position in
<taxonomicName id="1AA24D56C179FFA2FFB5743DFE95030A" box="[113,299,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Berardius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnuxii">
<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FFB5743DFE95030A" box="[113,299,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Berardius arnuxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., SAM ZM 39296,
<figureCitation id="45992A50C179FFA2FDFB743DFD3F030A" box="[575,641,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[113,124,667,684]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,224,612]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[117,1205,215,623]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vertex of skull of Berardius arnuxii (SAM ZM 39296): A, dorsal view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view. Note the nodular interparietal between the frontals and the supraoccipital that does not reach the vertex dorsally. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4651086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B9334B24C179FFA2FFB5741DFF4103ED" author="MOORE J. C." box="[113,255,1641,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" pagination="209 - 298" refId="ref19693" refString="MOORE J. C. 1968. - Relationships among the living genera of beaked whales. Fieldiana: Zoology 53 (4): 209 - 298." type="journal article" year="1968">Moore 1968</bibRefCitation>
: figs 19, 23). In other specimens of
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FFB574FEFF6A03CD" box="[113,212,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Berardius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and in
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<emphasis id="EFD6EAC7C179FFA2FE9A74FEFE4203CD" box="[350,508,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Archaeoziphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the frontals themselves form a nodular eminence between the lower supraoccipital and the nasals.
</paragraph>
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(Linnaeus) Linnaeus
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<paragraph id="B05D07B77D1B16A8D79410BDE7665A15" pageNumber="266">[&quot;Habitat in Alpibus Italiae, Hispaniae, Helvetiae.&quot;] Sp. Pl. 1: 245 (1753). RCN: 1972.</paragraph>
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Basionym:
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<emphasis id="30DF1D2DFB2FB8AAFB605B268EB609AF" italics="true" pageNumber="266">Athamanta meum</emphasis>
L. (1753)
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<paragraph id="80B6F37C3C39EFFEDCCF759DC848B838" pageNumber="266">
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(Jarvis &amp; Knees in
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37: 474. 1988): Herb. Clifford: 93,
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<emphasis id="1967A954A28CB1117E0C46F84C6C21A5" italics="true" pageNumber="266">Athamanta</emphasis>
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1 (BM-000558252)
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Current name:
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<emphasis id="5086F66D5328280A8FA05302A7DC0DAA" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="266">Meum athamanticum</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Jacq. (
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).
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<emphasis id="444F3BC41FD2E50AC5350A3E1EF3E940" bold="true" pageNumber="869">Spigelia anthelmia</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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1
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<paragraph id="8D62D1BAE6F68C538ED37AD909531D2F" pageNumber="869">&quot;Habitat in Cajeuna, Brasilia.&quot; RCN: 1186.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C333A44031B769FE9B5ED8E46A55EA34" pageNumber="869">
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<typeStatus id="B01C4B2047F4773BFB139511A2774856">Generitype</typeStatus>
of
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<emphasis id="11F60A4FBD05393D5F38FFDC54CDE18B" italics="true" pageNumber="869">Spigelia</emphasis>
Linnaeus.
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<subSubSection id="B118736EFC76279C567F2535CF434AB7" pageNumber="869" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E71B7D2D5730498159BFAE4AB14DC43" pageNumber="869">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="C48485723856141384BFF3F4B4094999" ID-CoL="4Z33Z" authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Spigelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmia">
<emphasis id="1DC4BE0F0B41D049974E83AE5046FC27" italics="true" pageNumber="869">
<emphasis id="739FF324A1630582508FBC8EDB9F212B" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="869">Spigelia anthelmia</emphasis>
</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="1C755684074B085FB43DCE2A2C451328" authorityName="DC. ex Perleb" authorityYear="1818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Strychnaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Strychnaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title>Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-11-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number>245</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>1722</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578462</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127867735" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550C35C5C17D8E4F4AF0945EBCA5F68A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550C35C5C17D8E4F4AF0945EBCA5F68A" lastPageId="713" lastPageNumber="714" pageId="712" pageNumber="713">
<subSubSection pageId="712" pageNumber="713" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="712" pageNumber="713">
<taxonomicName LSID="550C35C5-C17D-8E4F-4AF0-945EBCA5F68A" authority="Casey, 1914" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1914" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Selenophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenophorus famulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="712" pageNumber="713" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="famulus">Selenophorus famulus Casey, 1914</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="712" pageNumber="713" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="712" pageNumber="713">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1914" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Selenophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="712" pageNumber="713" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="famulus">Selenophorus famulus</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1914: 146. Type locality: &quot;Arizona (probably southern)&quot; (original citation). Five syntypes [5 originally cited] in USNM [# 47880].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="712" pageNumber="713" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="712" pageNumber="713">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="712" pageNumber="713">
This species is known from southern Arizona (Cochise, Graham, Maricopa, Pima and Santa Cruz Counties, UASM), northern Sonora (UASM), Baja California Norte (UASM), and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“California”">&quot;California&quot;</normalizedToken>
(CMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="713" pageNumber="714" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
<pageBreakToken pageId="713" pageNumber="714" start="start">Records</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="713" pageNumber="714">USA</emphasis>
: AZ, CA - Mexico
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Building 1881 Natural Area Drive, Steinmetz Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cyclocephala@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Building 1881 Natural Area Drive, Steinmetz Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-03-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>745</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23685</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-745-101</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="142480438" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550C5F3E9528F4A3A60E550FEA02AC2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550C5F3E9528F4A3A60E550FEA02AC2F" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="111" pageNumber="212">
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<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">
<taxonomicName LSID="550C5F3E-9528-F4A3-A60E-550FEA02AC2F" authority="Bates, 1891" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala rubescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubescens">Cyclocephala rubescens Bates, 1891</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="212" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala rubescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubescens">Cyclocephala rubescens</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1891: 31 [original combination].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="212" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">
Invalid neotype ♂ at HNHM (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
Collection) (
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" pageId="177" pageNumber="278" refId="B301" refString="Endrodi, S, 1966. Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil. Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden 33: 1-460." title="Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil. Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden 33: 1 - 460." year="1966">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="212" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">COLOMBIA: Antioquia. ECUADOR: Loja, Pichincha.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="212" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">
<bibRefCitation author="Bates, HW" pageId="164" pageNumber="265" refId="B66" refString="Bates, HW, 1891. Coleoptera. In: Whymper E (Ed.) Supplementary Appendix to Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator. John Murray, London, 7-39." title="Coleoptera. In: Whymper E (Ed.) Supplementary Appendix to Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator. John Murray, London, 7 - 39." year="1891">Bates 1891</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bertkau, P" pageId="166" pageNumber="267" refId="B95" refString="Bertkau, P, 1892. ericht ueber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie waehrend des Jahres 1891. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 58(2, 2): 1-341." title="ericht ueber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie waehrend des Jahres 1891. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 58 (2, 2): 1 - 341." year="1892">Bertkau 1892</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow, GJ" pageId="164" pageNumber="265" refId="B51" refString="Arrow, GJ, 1937b. Pars 156: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Volumen XXI. Scarabaeidae III. W Junk, Berlin, 1-124." title="Pars 156: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Volumen XXI. Scarabaeidae III. W Junk, Berlin, 1 - 124." year="1937 b">Arrow 1937b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder, RE" pageId="167" pageNumber="268" refId="B101" refString="Blackwelder, RE, 1944. Checklist of coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 189-341." title="Checklist of coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 189 - 341." year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Pike, KS" pageId="213" pageNumber="314" refId="B899" refString="Pike, KS, River, RL, Ratcliffe, BC, Oseto, CY, Mayo, ZB, 1976. A world bibliography of the genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Miscellaneous Publication of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station 32: 1-32." title="A world bibliography of the genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Miscellaneous Publication of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station 32: 1 - 32." year="1976">Pike et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" pageId="177" pageNumber="278" refId="B300" refString="Endrodi, S, 1964. Eine Reihe von neuen Cyclocephala-Arten (Col., Melolonthidae, Dynastinae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 17: 433-470." title="Eine Reihe von neuen Cyclocephala-Arten (Col., Melolonthidae, Dynastinae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 17: 433 - 470." year="1964">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
1964
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" pageId="177" pageNumber="278" refId="B301" refString="Endrodi, S, 1966. Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil. Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden 33: 1-460." title="Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil. Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden 33: 1 - 460." year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" pageId="177" pageNumber="278" refId="B303" refString="Endrodi, S, 1967b. Ergaenzungen zu meiner Monographie der Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 13: 83-91." title="Ergaenzungen zu meiner Monographie der Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 13: 83 - 91." year="1967 b">1967b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" pageId="178" pageNumber="279" refId="B321" refString="Endrodi, S, 1985a. The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht, 800 pp. [+ 46 pls]" title="The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht, 800 pp. [+ 46 pls]" year="1985 a">1985a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik, M" pageId="200" pageNumber="301" refId="B658" refString="Krajcik, M, 2005. Dynastinae of the World Checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma.X, Supplement No. 2, Pilsen, 122 pp." title="Dynastinae of the World Checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma. X, Supplement No. 2, Pilsen, 122 pp." year="2005">Krajcik 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik, M" pageId="200" pageNumber="301" refId="B659" refString="Krajcik, M, 2012. Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Animma.X Supplement 5, Pilsen, 278 pp." title="Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X Supplement 5, Pilsen, 278 pp." year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN13123" author="Breeschoten, T" pageId="167" pageNumber="268" refId="B123" refString="Breeschoten, T, Clark, DR, Schilthuizen, M, 2013. Evolutionary patterns of asymmetric genitalia in the beetle tribe Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Contributions to Zoology 82: 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN13123" title="Evolutionary patterns of asymmetric genitalia in the beetle tribe Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Contributions to Zoology 82: 95 - 106." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN13123" year="2013">Breeschoten et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.10001" author="Moore, MR" pageId="208" pageNumber="309" refId="B796" refString="Moore, MR, Jameson, ML, 2013. Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles. Journal of Insect Science 13 (100): 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.10001" title="Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles. Journal of Insect Science 13 (100): 1 - 43." url="https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.10001" year="2013">Moore and Jameson 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Yepes-Rodriguez, FC" pageId="232" pageNumber="333" refId="B1209" refString="Yepes-Rodriguez, FC, Nivia-Jimenez, DC, Perez-Betancur, E, 2013. Lista de algunas especies de la subfamilia Dynastinae (Aspidolea, Cyclocephala, Euetheola, y Ligyrus) del Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego. Boletin del Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego 5: 20-25." title="Lista de algunas especies de la subfamilia Dynastinae (Aspidolea, Cyclocephala, Euetheola, y Ligyrus) del Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego. Boletin del Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego 5: 20 - 25." year="2013">Yepes-Rodriguez et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.645" author="Gasca-Alvarez, HJ" pageId="182" pageNumber="283" refId="B383" refString="Gasca-Alvarez, HJ, Deloya, C, 2016. Description of the female of Cyclocephala monacha Ratcliffe, 2008 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini), with a checklist of Cyclocephala Dejean species occurring in Colombia. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70: 645-653. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.645" title="Description of the female of Cyclocephala monacha Ratcliffe, 2008 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini), with a checklist of Cyclocephala Dejean species occurring in Colombia. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70: 645 - 653." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.645" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gasca-Álvarez">Gasca-Alvarez</normalizedToken>
and Deloya 2016
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="212" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="212">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala rubescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="212">Cyclocephala rubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported from Panama (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2992022" author="Croat, TB" pageId="171" pageNumber="272" refId="B208" refString="Croat, TB, 1997. A revision of Philodendron subgenus Philodendron (Araceae) for Mexico and Central America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 84: 311-704. https://doi.org/10.2307/2992022" title="A revision of Philodendron subgenus Philodendron (Araceae) for Mexico and Central America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 84: 311 - 704." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2992022" year="1997">Croat 1997</bibRefCitation>
), but has not been recorded there since (
<bibRefCitation author="Ratcliffe, BC" pageId="218" pageNumber="319" refId="B974" refString="Ratcliffe, BC, 2003. The dynastine scarab beetles of Costa Rica and Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 16: 1-506." title="The dynastine scarab beetles of Costa Rica and Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 16: 1 - 506." year="2003">Ratcliffe 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="EFD1B761FFA79A155DA0A0101B976F82" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
My Hanh
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155C0DA0101B976F82" collectionCode="DIEP" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">DIEP 285</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="021ED5D1FFA79A155856A0301A226F82" box="[260,346,1645,1668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
here designated:
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155B79A03019D56F82" box="[555,685,1645,1668]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280067</specimenCode>
!; isoneotypes
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155A1CA03018A96F82" box="[846,977,1645,1668]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280069</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155AB7A0301F1F6F82" box="[997,1127,1645,1668]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280068</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155D2EA0301F876F82" box="[1148,1279,1645,1668]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280066</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155C41A0301EEC6F82" box="[1299,1428,1645,1668]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280065</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155995A0D01A316FA2" box="[199,329,1677,1700]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280064</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode id="8D03C308FFA79A155804A0D01AA16FA2" box="[342,473,1677,1700]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P02280063</specimenCode>
!;
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A1558B5A0D019796FA2" box="[487,513,1677,1700]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155B42A0D0192A6FA2" box="[528,594,1677,1700]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" name="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">KUN</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155B32A0D019EA6FA2" box="[608,658,1677,1700]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155BF3A0D0199F6FA2" box="[673,743,1677,1700]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155BA4A0D018396FA2" box="[758,833,1677,1700]" country="Cambodia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0biw-pnv1" name="Royal University of Phnom Penh" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">RUPP</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155A1DA0D018EF6FA2" box="[847,919,1677,1700]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tj07-dt2h" name="Institute of Tropical Biology" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">VNM</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1A6B73FFA79A1559C5A0911B926E5D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1740,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="EFD1B761FFA79A1559C5A0911BAA6FE0" bold="true" box="[151,210,1740,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Note</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="6DCD612EFFA79A1559A7A0901B926E5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320074305" collectingDate="1973-09-04" collectionCode="L, HNF, VNF, A" country="Vietnam" elevation="1050" location="The" municipality="Darlac Province" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="D87A3DA8FFA79A1559A7A0901A5D6FE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550CDA65FFA79A1659C5A07B1A3669F9:D87A3DA8FFA79A1559A7A0901A5D6FE1" box="[245,293,1741,1767]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Darlac Province" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">The</location>
missing
<typeStatus id="021ED5D1FFA79A1558C3A0901A806FE1" box="[401,504,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
citation is as follows:
<collectingCountry id="A5B22BE3FFA79A155A54A09018156FE1" box="[774,877,1741,1767]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="3D7EF109FFA79A155A28A0901F406FE1" box="[890,1080,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Darlac Province</collectingMunicipality>
[actual Đắk
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155D80A0901F9C6FE1" box="[1234,1252,1741,1767]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
ắk + Đắk Nông provinces]: silva montana,
<quantity id="1A5DC696FFA79A155886A0A9191A6E08" box="[468,610,1780,1806]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="600.0">
<elevation id="56888C40FFA79A155886A0A9191A6E08" box="[468,610,1780,1806]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="600.0">600-1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="A91B4DB3FFA79A155BB1A0A918C26E08" box="[739,954,1780,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" value="1973-09-04">
<collectingDate id="B95FB45BFFA79A155BB1A0A918C26E08" box="[739,954,1780,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" value="1973-09-04">4 September 1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, Nguyen Vu Can s.n. (
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155D93A0A91F856E08" box="[1217,1277,1780,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">HNF</collectionCode>
[actual
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155C0EA0A91EEF6E08" box="[1372,1431,1780,1806]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/merb-e6y6" name="Vietnam Forestry Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">VNF</collectionCode>
, lost]). Original diagnosis: “Affinitas.
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A155B07A14619126E33" box="[597,618,1819,1845]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
specie proxima
<taxonomicName id="1AA510F0FFA79A155A62A1461FF16E33" authority="(A. Camus) Nguyen" authorityName="Nguyen" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="A. Camus" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[816,1161,1818,1845]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Racemobambos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="EFD1B761FFA79A155A62A14618E16E32" box="[816,921,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">V. ciliata</emphasis>
(A.Camus) Nguyen
</taxonomicName>
paleis apice rotundatis differ.”
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1A6B73FFA79A165994A1351A3669F9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1740,2038]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1435,152,255]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
The original specimen cannot be located in the herbaria where it may have been transferred for original study by Mrs. Nguyen (
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A1558FFA1D31AAA6EAE" box="[429,466,1934,1960]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">LE</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="BBB4F3B6FFA79A1558ABA1D319416EAE" box="[505,569,1934,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">HNF</collectionCode>
). We cannot exclude the possibility that the type is destroyed. No original reference specimen exists and no illustration of the taxon has ever been published. In order to ensure accurate application of the name, we decided to designate a
<typeStatus id="021ED5D1FFA79A155A46A181180C6EF0" box="[788,884,2012,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
based on a new collection of the only taxon matching the protologue that was growing in the type locality. The scans of the specimen, as well as pictures of the plant taken in the field will be made available on Paris SONNERAT herbarium database (http:// coldb.mnhn.fr).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

201
data/55/0E/3A/550E3AFE7430DC74D3EE70D75E0B05A3.xml Normal file
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<treatment id="550E3AFE7430DC74D3EE70D75E0B05A3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231525314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:550E3AFE7430DC74D3EE70D75E0B05A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/550E3AFE7430DC74D3EE70D75E0B05A3" lastPageNumber="939" pageNumber="939" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000088">
<subSubSection id="FA5E0904F13D9C887A87D54BEAA2B2D2" pageNumber="939" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="42E960A93C01EAD5881E77F76E93B24B" pageNumber="939">
<taxonomicName id="D5D951F408560F1434DDD547DA089315" ID-CoL="34QNB" authority="Thomas 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="messorius">
<emphasis id="13D55F841D41F9457C1E40B78FD83E7C" italics="true" pageNumber="939">Dendromus messorius</emphasis>
Thomas 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EF549E62BB5D02DFCE6ADFA0A92788A" pageNumber="939" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C1C74183017DD465302CE06B5D995B74" pageNumber="939">
<treatmentCitation id="6D57E9BFE8CFDF60216E08A9AD4E1CA2" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="340" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="messorius" title="Dendromus messorius" volume="12" year="1903">
<taxonomicName id="987F94658CF35CFB42F0C075C0D3F039" ID-CoL="34QNB" authority="Thomas 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="messorius">
<emphasis id="6B1ABDB05307F6B8D5F0443DD0D520DE" italics="true" pageNumber="939">Dendromus messorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A00988E5C04A6A86661EC925CF9B71B1" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352582" refString="Thomas, O. 1903. Notes on Neotropical mammals of the genera Felis, Hapale, Oryzomys, Akodon, and Ctenomys, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 12: 234 - 243." year="1903">Thomas 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="F63245177739424054BBA84BFEE75CB3" author="Thomas" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7" pageNumber="939" pagination="340" title="Dendromus messorius" volume="12" year="1903">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 12: 340</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21099B0C80005A9BF502619751885861" pageNumber="939" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7002C08B6740E9F163319C975E8233D4" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis id="205535DADD1DDC52907E22BAEC1A0C47" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="939">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="90F76680F59A46917F492AFD477E311B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867289318" country="Cameroon" pageNumber="939">
<collectingCountry id="EF0B9E5197B175C8CFEB6DD1284E3890" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Efulen.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28F46C76DDE5412B95376B5E8F7DE6B4" pageNumber="939" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="6ED1CBBBF41F75648DAFB505DA8FDF21" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis id="24C702AC56D4E8250BB814233D70F1B1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="939">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="25E72ED9C375C341F658C3D25DC7E3D3" language="eng" pageNumber="939">Banana African Climbing Mouse</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="707E913D65877B343F0145856AAD46D7" pageNumber="939" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="42486FF10A56B47C6D9D92CE0AFD8768" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis id="6B42AEE50759B91B524AAF810FC64CDB" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="939">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8CD8B4974EEB3A5CEA193CBC7D7E37CA" authority="Hatt 1934" authorityName="Hatt" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haymani">
<emphasis id="862597CCBF54A4D40ECF32EDDB989FE0" italics="true" pageNumber="939">Dendromus haymani</emphasis>
Hatt 1934
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="CE87DE7F8F7A0AAF0EA94AE67C344314" authority="Bohmann 1939" authorityName="Bohmann" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumasi">
<emphasis id="4C55D86BEC93A796F294D182386F01AB" italics="true" pageNumber="939">Dendromus kumasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D2219D3D9D047698D8434D898BCA322B" author="Bohmann, L., von" refId="ref34984" refString="Bohmann, L., von. 1939. Neue Rassen der Gattung Dendromus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 127: 170 - 172." year="1939">Bohmann 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C3F783A61AF99C4FB2E23D028967DB3F" authority="Wroughton 1910" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruddi">
<emphasis id="1D11C0EBB1FF7261C93CF9A014C5EE9D" italics="true" pageNumber="939">Dendromus ruddi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D11A9B51F6D78ACCC4E0B06021755C2" author="Wroughton, R. C." refId="ref395472" refString="Wroughton, R. C. 1910. On the nomenclature of the Indian hedgehogs. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 20: 80 - 82." year="1910">Wroughton 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="980361AF69AFAAB830821B0BE624A5B0" pageNumber="939" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9063A5EF907AAC2B57D982C0A0A6B48C" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis id="0B291AED14296F09924DF0296FE3FD36" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="939">Distribution:</emphasis>
Tropical lowlands and lower mountain slopes, from
<collectingCountry id="0EADA5A277DAB90F53A07519F2CEF99B" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="93E5303915872E7F9BFC8B8B6E7953ED" author="Grubb, P. &amp; T. S. Jones &amp; A. G. Davies &amp; E. Edberg &amp; E. D. Starin &amp; J. E. Hill" refId="ref134571" refString="Grubb, P., T. S. Jones, A. G. Davies, E. Edberg, E. D. Starin, and J. E. Hill. 1998. Mammals of Ghana, Sierra Leone and The Gambia. The Trendrine Press, Cornwall, 265 pp." year="1998">Grubb et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
) through
<collectingCountry id="75FF2EAC369CED47538D7CBAFB4A9C4E" name="Benin">Benin</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="6A7FB510E9B168DB27D04BD1E42519C6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
422451),
<collectingCountry id="7F59C327C4F2A61F5D1EF5298066A0EB" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="3166F7135D50841C604AD915A805C600" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
410307), and
<collectingCountry id="8FC711DE5D91AE6DEDCB42ACEBD5D28B" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(series in
<collectionCode id="CF6396BC1A23D45F04E044E3EAD11467" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="00FCD0E898EC3F3CE0337544ED821D15" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
), to N Dem. Rep.
<collectingCountry id="DCD01F8DF303DED5B470BEC5E4B0E78D" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
(series in
<collectionCode id="813C225E0CDA72174655CC129011E3F1" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
and
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) and extreme S
<collectingCountry id="C5A5F995581550CCD5D936967C5A45DD" name="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
(Torit region;
<collectionCode id="02E6B4484E92CC60F524BD6A06C3F0E5" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
299833, 299834); southwards to NW (
<collectionCode id="90C98FEC808D73F2D0BF905B6484F3A7" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
165270) and W
<collectingCountry id="3A5146A81C8F5F3486299B0EEBEAF5E1" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(Ruwenzori Mtns; series in
<collectionCode id="7C67256BA1E08DED743CDA075B08ED98" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="CAA36E156E32968419CB5831A3BA833B" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
), W
<collectingCountry id="ABBAACD9B23A13020D17A6EA5656902B" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
near Lake Victoria (
<collectionCode id="0E46EF1C921BAF06B6050B05208C2AFD" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
series) and Mt Elgon (
<typeStatus id="0E8F821DD762CAD555418CB39A6F8E14">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4A831392D540895E6F17A2550AAE20CD" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruddi">
<emphasis id="BFA133DF1463B99CE4C3EF9B70BF286C" italics="true" pageNumber="939">ruddi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectionCode id="35AE24A6005D2AF3AB2B2F7A7F04FDE0" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
specimens;
<bibRefCitation id="8471CD4DB869BB3F14AEEDA81E11141B" author="Clausnitzer, V. &amp; R. Kityo" refId="ref62753" refString="Clausnitzer, V., and R. Kityo. 2001. Altitudinal distribution of rodents (Muridae and Gliridae) on Mt. Elgon, Uganda. Tropical Zoology, 14: 95 - 118." year="2001">Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001</bibRefCitation>
); limits unresolved (
<bibRefCitation id="B4E8A14B1CAE2F634BBC5E78AB5E2A21" author="Dieterlen, F." refId="ref84301" refString="Dieterlen, F. 1971. Beitrage zur Systematik, Okologie und Biologie der Gattung Dendromus (Dendromurinae, Cricetidae, Rodentia), insbesondere ihrer zentralafrikanischen Formen. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 19: 97 - 132." year="1971">Dieterlen, 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10C925ECB6E73C02598F10AF5168C356" pageNumber="939" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="EAAF599837852B5BA477CB09B80957C7" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis id="03D9253F6F48B106466F15AEBFAE2558" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="939">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="0FB0A2A6EFFA92149F87427D41734880">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33048F9C58679FF354703493891CD315" pageNumber="939" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="81DE0C6C66E567334117671F13A20A76" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis id="657580B0E802264C8D13F1B050236DDB" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="939">Discussion:</emphasis>
Treated as part of
<taxonomicName id="E4C36252C0CC82FE5C672929E62D7B93" authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacalis">
<emphasis id="0D7F5F26FCDA1D080E7A7365A6D2C5CA" italics="true" pageNumber="939">D. mystacalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="7100F5518E807E8BEACF468D1FC7714F" author="Misonne, X." refId="ref243324" refString="Misonne, X. 1974. Order Rodentia. Part 6. Pp. 1 - 39, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.). [issued 10 Sep 1974]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1974">Misonne (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, but regarded as a separate species by Hatt (1940) and
<bibRefCitation id="1C8D1250005D18F15510DCEA31C9D946" author="Dieterlen, F." refId="ref84301" refString="Dieterlen, F. 1971. Beitrage zur Systematik, Okologie und Biologie der Gattung Dendromus (Dendromurinae, Cricetidae, Rodentia), insbesondere ihrer zentralafrikanischen Formen. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 19: 97 - 132." year="1971">Dieterlen (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, who pointed out its sympatric occurrence with
<taxonomicName id="34E9B532963ACDB936D7B9EEA371F677" authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacalis">
<emphasis id="0BC558ED2EDB6DB6938F98C5F67A91A6" italics="true" pageNumber="939">D. mystacalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Morphology and pelage coloration similar to
<taxonomicName id="4DA369F7A7E9C9C592F7F835EA05361C" authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacalis">
<emphasis id="AD4BF17B0EEF4E19019B02FD6A336195" italics="true" pageNumber="939">D. mystacalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but body size larger, middorsal stripe absent (present but indistinct in some
<taxonomicName id="005C28488A826E5C319C3394C523F3B7" authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacalis">
<emphasis id="3EF7404CCA7E5087B4CFAACD60E880D8" italics="true" pageNumber="939">D. mystacalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, absent in many), and underparts white (white to buffy gray in
<taxonomicName id="DD0338255B4C9D9B02F1CEC00FA25176" authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacalis">
<emphasis id="1FD94DF823A963DAD2621D65081380CE" italics="true" pageNumber="939">D. mystacalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Both species may be phylogenetically close to southern African
<taxonomicName id="2CA7D9639CD784F17ED3A255DF37DBE9" baseAuthorityName="Brants" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Dendromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesomelas">
<emphasis id="F362C59CC46186517264B0BD3984264A" italics="true" pageNumber="939">D. mesomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hatt (1940) and
<bibRefCitation id="A987E3DCB5ECD311728A6A47BD48C0DB" author="Rosevear, D. R." refId="ref310288" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1969. The rodents of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 677: 1 - 604." year="1969">Rosevear (1969)</bibRefCitation>
provided excellent descriptions of morphology and habits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

92
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<bibCitation id="2713C085E9176A4CC8F78D0CB3C71021" author="Linnaeus" pagination="543" title="Clematis orientalis" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 1" year="1753">
<taxonomicName id="108C502A6E85B0C36DF52205A61EFAA3" ID-CoL="VY9W" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Clematis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="9C631999E86DD137CF887E486BD754C2" bold="true" pageNumber="425">Clematis orientalis</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
<volumeTitle id="CE6BB5EDE4B0AF6AFA944A691F4EE031">
<emphasis id="0CCC0545E8BFF7EBD2F1D8B74A6A14C6" italics="true" pageNumber="425">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
1
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: 543. 1753
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA75D333B826E2B9BA972648D2A80398" pageNumber="425" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3326A32FBC003C0E008A8A356646741" pageNumber="425">&quot;Habitat in Oriente.&quot; RCN: 4032.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9052C0EEF9AD5D634BB6424E3F71DDF9" pageNumber="425" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3055701A1D3E22090CA3AF342E8DC8D8" pageNumber="425">
<typeStatus id="6931696CB96573F0DDBE4FE61EF0E8EB">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Brandenburg &amp; al. in
<emphasis id="77AAAADFFFA3CC899B1654AC63C9C338" italics="true" pageNumber="425">Taxon</emphasis>
36: 119, f. 1. 1987): [icon] &quot;
<emphasis id="B097B6D3358DF4ABCFBBCCE3F70105D3" italics="true" pageNumber="425">Flammula scandens, folio Apii glauco</emphasis>
&quot; in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 144, t. 119, f. 145. 1732. -
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<typeStatus id="9298486C47621E39874A46F92AD015EB">Typotype</typeStatus>
: Herb. Dillenius No. 2868 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B75C8CEBD946AB143686BF70124FCD31" pageNumber="425">
Current name:
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</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
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).
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<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. A live male of A. incisa collected roadside just below the small settlement Pondoa on northern aspect of Volcan Tungurahua, July 1985. Locality in a field name is a bad idea: when what you have christened &quot; Baeza Blackface &quot; is apparently taken later near Banos and you have to reference it as Banos' Baeza Blackface, confusion is likely, especially when these specimens sort into more species later." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.31.82306.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/750932" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Fig. 9. Acanthacara spp. male genitalia compared." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.31.82306.fig9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/750938" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">, 9F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Fig. 18. Song of A. incisa. A. Two single-lisp calls, seconds apart, taken from a sustained sequence; B. At higher time resolution, each call is seen to be a train of 5 - 6 pulses of fading intensity; C. A single pulse at very high resolution reveals its sinusoidal nature; D. The power spectrum suggests higher Q generator components with a strongly high-Q peak near 13 kHz and some lesser but significant ultrasonics of 20 - 28 kHz." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.31.82306.fig18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/750947" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">, 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Fig. 19. One call of A. incisa; 7 pulses in a waterfall display." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.31.82306.fig19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/750948" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">, 19</figureCitation>
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('
<taxonomicName authority="Braun &amp; Morris, 2022" authorityName="Braun &amp; Morris" authorityYear="2022" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Gymnacoustes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnacoustes unizip" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="unizip" status="sp. nov.">Gymnacoustes unizip</taxonomicName>
'
<bibRefCitation author="Morris, GK" journalOrPublisher="Animal Behaviour" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="B13" refString="Morris, GK, 1987. Acoustic morphology in a new katydid genus from the Ecuadorean Andes (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae). Poster Abstract. VI International Meeting on Insect Sound and Vibration at Odense, Denmark." title="Acoustic morphology in a new katydid genus from the Ecuadorean Andes (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae). Poster Abstract. VI International Meeting on Insect Sound and Vibration at Odense, Denmark." year="1987">Morris 1987</bibRefCitation>
, field name:
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Blackface)
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingDate value="1985-07-25">25 Jul. 1985</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>G.K. Morris</collectorName>
leg.; MLP
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingDate value="1985-07-25">25 Jul. 1985</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>G.K. Morris</collectorName>
leg.; SN-5, 85-5,
<collectorName>Rec.</collectorName>
; ANSP
</materialsCitation>
•
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<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingDate value="1983-05-26">26 May 1983</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>G.K. Morris</collectorName>
leg.; ANSP
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.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Etymology.</emphasis>
-
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Referring to the significant midline emargination of the posterior margin of abdominal tergite IX. In an excess of caution, we are careful to avoid a species name relating to song- e.g.,
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, as given in the ISV poster-for both the preceding
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">A. ortoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">A. incisa</emphasis>
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. The two sing in earshot of each other and solitary vs. doubled zips easily distinguish their songs, but some confusion in field naming might have led to misapplication of song to these species.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Similar to previous species. Tegmina almost twice as long as pronotum. Pronotum with blackish spot on prozona and posteriorly diverging blackish spot on metazona, both spots connected by more narrow dark coloration in between. Last tergite with deep narrow cleft, wider in distal portion, and the lobes formed by this division with inward-directed tips sporting tiny teeth. Cerci with obtuse dorsal tip as in previous species; below that, with curved inward-directed process; ending also sort of two-tipped, with the lower tip developed as short spinule. Styli almost twice as long as wide.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Measurements.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Pronotum 5.0 mm, tegmina 6.3 mm, hind tibiae 8.4 mm.</paragraph>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3506BDA149B8FE0A508FBE6123A1682B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E89326F0F68F367879ED432DA463FFDC">Linnaeus, Carolus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FEF59AF5E1A366DD580D5555F9860CDF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="C2DB35E40F62133AEEDED57B8A95BDA7">
<mods:dateIssued id="1FB15BE550E393D4BCE4345751B722D3">1753</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="0962C17D0132741C60ADF35436670446">Laurentius Salvius</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="EB703FAA4B269885E73C01A3DF31BCB3">
<mods:placeTerm id="4A98C407A34EFDA52FAAC0AD9C1D7993">Stockholm</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="387BAC794FB4143548982E11DDA342C7">
<mods:url id="F4EF85368D6ED6C9EC428C9286569A53">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="1CF66F28224EB7654845E8A9479759FA">book</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="13896C02EF326C370E6A009A2404B1A8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3931989</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E4A66C8465A0742664086B382479CEEF" type="Zenodo-Dep">3931989</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="55115A35E1E3DE34EC72A39AC1F8FFF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4353088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164949378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4353088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55115A35E1E3DE34EC72A39AC1F8FFF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55115A35E1E3DE34EC72A39AC1F8FFF3" lastPageNumber="148" pageNumber="148">
<subSubSection id="223BF6B3DD1C0FCC6C6A05970FCA72AD" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="623AD3C6DBF1155D89BC06AB2C669A50" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="E51980363B278E9BCF02213ECCFA5F9F" ID-CoL="732PD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Lysimachia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linum-stellatum" status="spec. nov.">Lysimachia linum-stellatum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="080BE90324C8A9347CFF2A672C5E5F78" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6DA1F1EBDF733A9326E72746759379B" type="description">
<paragraph id="C5EC3A2A9BED3AB387F758920BDE251C" pageNumber="148">
8. Lysimachia calycibus corollam superantibus, caule erecto ramosissimo.
<emphasis id="AC7A21BEB2B7E56A121ADAD664DF816D" italics="true">Roy. lugdb. 416. Hort. ups. 37. Sauv. monsp. 130.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1AE020F084DF85D540D901D0BAB9F0" pageNumber="148">
Linum minimum stellatum.
<emphasis id="D8CDE27980966474DA4B55E47C671564" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 214. prodr. 107. Magn. monsp. 163. t.162.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F1A33F0412BE9283C45003A31D9F9B9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EBED52414FE875C1BA1EB144844C6C12" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="4A57B39CB0A2FB8791895CA2896C3402" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Gallia
<emphasis id="F14576FDFA8C56DB2A6522187A846246" italics="true">. ☉</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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