diff --git a/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1746249FFB9F8A8FEAB4886.xml b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1746249FFB9F8A8FEAB4886.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5c8ae83e101 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1746249FFB9F8A8FEAB4886.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ + + + +Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota + + + +Author + +Moyaba, Percy +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), + + + +Author + +Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), + + + +Author + +Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso + + + +Author + +Njokou, Flobert +Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon + + + +Author + +Freitas, Ngambia +Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Vreysen, Marc Jb +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Abd-Alla, Adly Mm +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + +text + + +Parasite + + +2023 + +Paris, France + + +2023-12-19 + + +30 + + +62 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2023064 +1776-1042 +PMC10732139 +38117272 +12628828 + + + + + + +Co-infection and the density of + +Spiroplasma + +, + +Trypanosoma + +, and + +Wigglesworthia + + + + + + + +The density of + +Spiroplasma + +, + +Trypanosoma + +, and + +Wigglesworthia + +was evaluated using relative qPCR based on the single (Sp ++ +/ +T + +— + +; Sp + +— + +/ +T ++ +) and double co-infection (Sp ++ +/ +T ++ +) status. As expected, the results showed that flies infected with + +Spiroplasma + +(Sp ++ +/ +T + +— + +and Sp ++ +/ +T ++ +) had a significantly higher density of + +Spiroplasma + +compared to those not infected (Sp + +— + +/ +T ++ +), which indicated that flies classified as uninfected by conventional PCR showed lower infection rates with qPCR. However, there was no significant difference in the density of + +Spiroplasma + +between flies infected with + +Spiroplasma + +and not infected with + +Trypanosoma + +(Sp ++ +/ +T + +— + +) and those infected with both (Sp ++ +/ +T ++ +) ( +Fig. 5A +). Furthermore, flies with double co-infection (Sp ++ +/ +T ++ +) had a significantly higher density of trypanosomes than those with single co-infection (Sp ++ +/ +T + +— + +and Sp + +— + +/ +T ++ +) ( +Fig. 5B +). However, no significant difference was found in the density of + +Wigglesworthia + +in the three categories of co-infection ( +Fig. 5C +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1756249FFB9F926FCA84BFF.xml b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1756249FFB9F926FCA84BFF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..04c30a05950 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1756249FFB9F926FCA84BFF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ + + + +Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota + + + +Author + +Moyaba, Percy +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), + + + +Author + +Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), + + + +Author + +Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso + + + +Author + +Njokou, Flobert +Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon + + + +Author + +Freitas, Ngambia +Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Vreysen, Marc Jb +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Abd-Alla, Adly Mm +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + +text + + +Parasite + + +2023 + +Paris, France + + +2023-12-19 + + +30 + + +62 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2023064 +1776-1042 +PMC10732139 +38117272 +12628828 + + + + +Genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis + +of + +Spiroplasma + +in wild +G. tachinoides + + + + + +Among the 35 samples sequenced, 14 sequences from Comoe in +Burkina Faso +, two from the CIRDES colony, and two from Walewale in +Ghana +were used for the analysis. For the four genes used for the sequencing, 2,885 base pairs of sequence were generated. The comparison of the sequences showed a global nucleotide mutation rate of 0.06% with two SNPs ( +Table 4 +). These two SNPs were found on the +parE +gene (1 +SNP +/745 bp) and +rpoB +gene (1 +SNP +/1455). None of these substitutions were non-synonymous and the percentage of amino-acid mutations was 0.40% (1/248) for the +parE +gene and 0.20% (1/485) for the +rpoB +gene. For the +parE +gene, the mutation resulted in the replacement of isoleucine to valine, but for the +rpoB +gene from phenylalanine to serine. All samples from all locations showed the same profile for the 16S +rRNA +and +fruR +genes. In +Burkina Faso +and +Ghana +, two genotypes were found, while only one was detected for CIRDES ( +Tables 5 +and +6 +). Three different haplotypes were found in the sampling areas with a specific haplotype for the CIRDES colony and +Burkina Faso +and +Ghana +sharing the same haplotypes ( +Table 6 +, +Fig. 6 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1766248FCE5F9D5FF01490F.xml b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1766248FCE5F9D5FF01490F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d4693e34ea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA1766248FCE5F9D5FF01490F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ + + + +Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota + + + +Author + +Moyaba, Percy +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), + + + +Author + +Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), + + + +Author + +Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso + + + +Author + +Njokou, Flobert +Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon + + + +Author + +Freitas, Ngambia +Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Vreysen, Marc Jb +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Abd-Alla, Adly Mm +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + +text + + +Parasite + + +2023 + +Paris, France + + +2023-12-19 + + +30 + + +62 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2023064 +1776-1042 +PMC10732139 +38117272 +12628828 + + + + + + +Interaction between + +Spiroplasma + +and + +Trypanosoma + + + + + + + +Prevalence of co-infections + + +The results of the analysis showed that 12.56% of the flies were infected both with + +Spiroplasma + +and + +Trypanosoma + +, regardless of country, location, and sex. However, the prevalence of single infections of + +Spiroplasma + +(35.83%) was higher than that of + +Trypanosoma + +(17.46%) ( +Fig. 4 +). The association between + +Spiroplasma + +and + +Trypanosoma + +infections was analyzed using the Cochran-Manthel-Haenzel ( +CMH +) test and chi-square test. Across all samples, the +CMH +test showed a significant deviation from independence between the two infections ( +Χ +2 +MH += 5.19, df = 1, +p += 0.02). The chi-square test confirmed that the independence between + +Spiroplasma + +and + +Trypanosoma + +infections was significant with a Bonferroni correction of +OE += 0.006 ( +Χ +2 += 9.85, +p += 0.03). However, when considering countries, only in +Ghana +the chi-square test did show a significant deviation from independence between the two microbial infections ( +Χ +2 += 13.004, +p +<0.001) ( +Table 3 +and Supplementary +Table 4 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98.xml b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..54b13bb0489 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98.xml @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ + + + +Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota + + + +Author + +Moyaba, Percy +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), + + + +Author + +Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), + + + +Author + +Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso + + + +Author + +Njokou, Flobert +Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon + + + +Author + +Freitas, Ngambia +Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Vreysen, Marc Jb +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Abd-Alla, Adly Mm +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + +text + + +Parasite + + +2023 + +Paris, France + + +2023-12-19 + + +30 + + +62 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2023064 +1776-1042 +PMC10732139 +38117272 +12628828 + + + + + + +Prevalence of single and multiple + +Trypanosoma + +infections + + + + + + +The screening of the flies indicated the presence of different taxa of + +Trypanosoma + +, including +Tc +( + +Trypanosoma congolense +type +: Savanah, Kilifi, Forest + +), +Tv +( + +Trypanosoma vivax + +), and +Tz +( + +Trypanozoon +sp. + +: + +Trypanosoma brucei brucei +, +Trypanosoma brucei gambiense +, +Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense +, +Trypanosoma evansi + +). The overall prevalence of single or multiple + +Trypanosoma + +infections among all tested flies was 69.97% (457/653). The prevalence of + +Trypanosoma + +varied significantly between countries ( +Χ +2 += 37.18, df = 1, and +p +<0.001) and locations ( +Χ +2 += 452.21, df = 7, and +p +<0.001). In +Ghana +, the prevalence was significantly higher than in +Burkina Faso +, at 86.38% and 20.76%, respectively ( +Table 2 +and +Fig. 3 +). In +Ghana +, the prevalence varied significantly with location ( +Χ +2 += 125.43, df = 5, and +p +<0.001), with a prevalence of 100% in some locations such as Sissili Bridge, Fumbissi, Kumpole, and Grogro ( +Fig. 3 +and Supplementary +Table 3 +). + + +The most frequently found trypanosomes were +Tz +and +Tv +, with a prevalence of 30.2% and 22.42%, respectively. However, only +Tz +varied significantly with country ( +Χ +2 += 7.54, df = 1, and +p += 0.006) and location ( +Χ +2 += 185.82, df = 7, and +p +<0.001). + +Trypanosoma congolense + +was found in the two locations in +Burkina Faso +(Comoe at 2.37% and Folonzo at 2.00%), and only in one location in +Ghana +(Walewale (2.87%)). Its prevalence varied significantly with country ( +Χ +2 += 6.426, df = 1, and +p += 0.01) and location ( +Χ +2 += 34.97, df = 7, and +p +<0.001). + + +The +TvTz +multiple infection was the most prevalent in the samples (11.22%). In +Ghana +, no +TcTv +double infections were found, while in +Burkina Faso +, no triple infections +TcTvTz +were found. The prevalence of the double infections varied only according with location ( +Χ +2 += 245.15, df = 7, and +p +<0.001) ( +Fig. 3 +and +TcTz +Supplementary +Table 3 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9.xml b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9424bf5e54a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0B/4D/87/0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ + + + +Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota + + + +Author + +Moyaba, Percy +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), + + + +Author + +Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), + + + +Author + +Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla +Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso + + + +Author + +Njokou, Flobert +Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon + + + +Author + +Freitas, Ngambia +Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Vreysen, Marc Jb +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + + + +Author + +Abd-Alla, Adly Mm +Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria + +text + + +Parasite + + +2023 + +Paris, France + + +2023-12-19 + + +30 + + +62 + + +1 +14 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064 + +journal article +10.1051/parasite/2023064 +1776-1042 +PMC10732139 +38117272 +12628828 + + + + + + +Prevalence of + +Spiroplasma + + + + + + + +The presence of + +Spiroplasma + +in wild populations of tsetse flies was assessed using a PCR-based method to amplify part of the 16S +rRNA +gene. Positive samples were identified based on the observed amplicon band size in the electrophoresis gel for all tsetse species. Sequencing of the respective PCR amplicons revealed that + +Spiroplasma + +infection was only confirmed in + +G. tachinoides + +( +N += 41) and + +G. f. +fuscipes + +( +N += 6), both belonging to the + +palpalis + +subgenus ( +Table 1 +). In the case of + +G. brevipalpis + +, + +G. m. +morsitans + +, + +G. m. submorsitans, +G. pallidipes +, G. p. gambiensis + +, and + +G. p. +palpalis + +, the amplified sequence belonged to different microbial species, primarily + +Bacillus cereus + +, + +Bacillus thuringiensis + +, + +Enterococcus cecorum + +, and some uncultured bacteria (Data not shown). + + +The PCR results indicated an overall + +Spiroplasma + +prevalence of 39.27% in + +G. tachinoides +. + +The prevalence did not differ significantly between +Burkina Faso +, +Ghana +, and the laboratory colony ( +Χ +2 += 2.12, df = 2, and +p += 0.34), with +Burkina Faso +and +Ghana +showing a prevalence rate of 46.56% and 52.94%, respectively ( +Table 2 +). However, a significant variation in + +Spiroplasma + +prevalence was found across the various sampling locations ( +Χ +2 += 22.61, df = 8, and +p += 0.003) ( +Table 2 +and +Figs. 2 +and +3 +). Specifically, there was a significant difference in prevalence between the two sampling locations in +Burkina Faso +( +Χ +2 += 6.459, df = 1, and +p += 0.01), with a higher prevalence observed in Folonzo. Similarly, a significant difference was found between the prevalence rate in different locations in +Ghana +( +Χ +2 += 11.955, df = 5, and +p += 0.03), with the highest prevalence observed in the Mortani region (98.44%), where 100% of the female flies were infected. Conversely, the lowest prevalence of + +Spiroplasma + +was recorded in Kumpole, +Ghana +(25%), with male flies showing no sign of infection ( +Table 2 +, +Figs. 2 +and +3 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file