Add updates up until 2025-03-05 09:03:00
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<mods:title id="D45F0F17A8A52B2EA9C804EDBD4281A4">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="FE3E3249874385023E973330791C6B84">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB89E10D4503CCC616372166727AD46D">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F345E7DBE0AF35CCFD5526B369A48A5">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="098DA7B033AB97DEB56C2B46D3D48771">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="04EA88E9B75E00CA05F7402C9949A203">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="615D190F6F87B84721A2D8FB5E9580F2">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B267A68EEE27F0E9330AEDE49C9C8D9">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F379CE34262C730D2DB2DDB39FC59CE1">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96ECF3709B8BEA890F58C64591EC05DD">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E47822F3E55BFCD43EF91489DC35A9EE">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="18FE2AECC6E5113B5785FAF416E24645">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ADA970488AC4CC85C77ABAE0A3E0ED92">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0095F2CD5EE7D8473AE9ACAB01F9C538">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CF17FC44CDFAF710FD421985B5E98091">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B721F23979D496C49C0AB2361F4A718">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F88510D5E5CEB19450C95FFB109759C4">2025-02-24</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="DB48F7E90ED849BE4900BB0B2A3606C9">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A9476029590C5C89FEBFD004B0BB2BF">2025-02-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CD6FE65D84550B701E7E80F968CEA9C6">59</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3675B71D6861F8CE096276148FF00DC6">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="952F6E399FB2C285D0B053971EC469A8">9 - 12</mods:number>
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@ -66,11 +67,11 @@
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DB9381FAFDAB9593" box="[432,563,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figures 2k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DB9381FAFDAB9593" box="[432,563,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figures 2k</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D81C81FAFDF59593" box="[575,621,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">10c</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D81C81FAFDF59593" box="[575,621,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">10c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D85B81FAFD029593" box="[632,666,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D85B81FAFD029593" box="[632,666,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">13</figureCitation>
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(r), 14(r), 16(g), 24)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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@ -101,15 +102,15 @@ is easily recognised among the species of the
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<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6340009D95F801BFC42943E" box="[892,986,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">ascanius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group by the following characters: Dorsal surface of the elytra distinctly covered with yellowish setae in both sexes (
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DB6680E6FE2294F1" box="[325,442,417,442]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figures 10</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DB6680E6FE2294F1" box="[325,442,417,442]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). The species resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6340009D8CF80E6FCD194F1" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[748,841,417,442]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6340009D8CF80E6FCD194F1" box="[748,841,417,442]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">B. fabius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but is distinguished by the following characters: Interocular width about 5.5–6.0 times the transverse eye diameter; presence of dorsal setae on body and parameres with elongated and narrow apical plates (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DA8B834EFE8B9769" box="[168,275,521,546]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DA8B834EFE8B9769" box="[168,275,521,546]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(r)) and presence of a ventrobasal carina (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D8C5834EFCC99769" box="[742,849,521,546]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D8C5834EFCC99769" box="[742,849,521,546]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(r)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ male, labelled: (a) ‘
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D87B839DFD2C97B8" box="[600,692,730,755]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009D87B839DFD2C97B8" box="[600,692,730,755]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)).
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF6340009D8C7839DFC7D965D" collectorName="Buena Vista & Flora & Fauna Hotel" country="Bolivia" location="Santa Cruz" pageId="68" pageNumber="731" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6340009D8C7839DFCCC97B8" box="[740,852,730,755]" pageId="68" pageNumber="731" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
|
|
@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ not examined.
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6340009DA838553FD8C9165" blockId="68.[160,1156,1044,1728]" box="[160,532,1044,1070]" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6340009DA838553FD8C9165" bold="true" box="[160,532,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DBAF8553FE749165" box="[396,492,1044,1070]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DBAF8553FE749165" box="[396,492,1044,1070]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Pronotal anterior tubercle strong, conical; anterior area bearing a wide, rounded, strong declivity, prolonged towards posterior pronotal area. Surface of anterior corners with dense, large, contiguous, setigerous punctures; declivity with large, transverse, oval, setigerous punctures, becoming smaller close to posterior limit of declivity; sides and posterior area close to margins bearing deep, large, setigerous punctures, becoming smaller towards posterior disc.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6340009DB1C8778FE239313" box="[319,443,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate parabolic, smooth. Elytral surface bearing yellowish, erect setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DB7B8725FE599330" box="[344,449,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6340009DB7B8725FE599330" box="[344,449,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); striae well marked, covered with small, ocellate punctures, spaced about 2–4 puncture diameters apart.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6340009D8BC87C2FD5693D5" box="[671,718,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="731">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Protibia bearing dorsal surface densely rugopunctate. Mesotibia only with a middle carina produced on outer surface; apex slightly emarginate. Metatibia with 2 carinae on outer surface; apex truncate.
|
||||
|
|
@ -279,16 +280,16 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 bearing 2 bands of transverse, well-marked striae. Tergite 8 with coarsely rugose, scarcely setose sides; discal area punctate, glabrous; discal punctures large, oval, contiguous. Sternites 4–7 rugopunctate on sides, finely punctate on disc; sternites 5–6 bearing on each side a transverse row of setigerous punctures, disc glabrous; sternite 7 with a complete, transverse row of setigerous punctures; sternite 8 nearly entirely covered with scarce, small punctures, except for the corners with denser punctures; setae confined on posterior margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008D8D580C6FCC594D1" box="[758,861,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in dorsal view, bearing rounded sides at basal half, gradually becoming constricted lateroventrally towards apical half; apical half with elongated, oval lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008D8ED8081FCA09494" box="[718,824,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008D8ED8081FCA09494" box="[718,824,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(r)). Parameres, in lateral view, with convex dorsal surface and apex rounded; ventral surface slightly sinuous, bearing a ventrobasal process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008DBAA834BFE6B976E" box="[393,499,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008DBAA834BFE6B976E" box="[393,499,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(r)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA83831DFDDD973F" blockId="69.[160,1157,602,836]" box="[160,581,602,628]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008DA83831DFDDD973F" bold="true" box="[160,581,602,628]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008DA83831DFE00973F" bold="true" box="[160,408,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Female redescription</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008DB8B831DFD84973F" box="[424,540,602,628]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008DB8B831DFD84973F" box="[424,540,602,628]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
) (NEW COUNTRY RECORD) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6350008D8C282DBFCB396FE" box="[737,811,924,949]" name="Bolivia" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008D91A82DBFC3B96FE" box="[825,931,924,949]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008D91A82DBFC3B96FE" box="[825,931,924,949]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DAE382F8FE749156" blockId="69.[160,1155,889,1053]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="7C2D76F11784F0CCE40A16F45B0732CD">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70C8C5C99548540D5469FD701A2A44BA">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7F7A0C2F6F9D6DF8F148F08685A6A68">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F640007DDBF282F5FCCA9686" box="[465,850,946,973]" pageId="48" pageNumber="711" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F640007DDBF282F5FCCA9686" blockId="48.[465,850,946,973]" box="[465,850,946,973]" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDBF982F5FDD39686" box="[474,587,946,973]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDBF982F5FDD39686" box="[474,587,946,973]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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||||
(c,d), 15(l), 17(e,f), 23)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
|
|
@ -88,11 +89,11 @@ is known and presents the following combination of characters that differs them
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F640007DD9098515FC1F9120" box="[810,903,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">ascanius</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group: Large species (29.0–30.0 mm), with elongate body aspect (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD8A98532FD6E91C5" box="[650,758,1141,1166]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD8A98532FD6E91C5" box="[650,758,1141,1166]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)); presence of a longitudinal carina produced on the basis of each clypeal tooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD89A85DFFC8191FA" box="[697,793,1176,1201]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD89A85DFFC8191FA" box="[697,793,1176,1201]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c, d)); antenna with broad and elongate club (2.5 times longer than antennomeres 2–7 combined); pronotal cavity broad, deep and strongly rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDBF2859AFDA591BD" box="[465,573,1245,1270]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDBF2859AFDA591BD" box="[465,573,1245,1270]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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||||
(e)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
|
|
@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ at CEMT with same data as holotype
|
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<emphasis id="A5C65D30F640007DDA838779FDB49313" bold="true" box="[160,556,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">
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<typeStatus id="48093F80F640007DDA838779FE939313" box="[160,267,1598,1624]" pageId="48" pageNumber="711" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDB868779FD8B9313" box="[421,531,1598,1624]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDB868779FD8B9313" box="[421,531,1598,1624]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -164,9 +165,9 @@ description (
|
|||
: Head, pronotum, pro-, meso- and metatibiae dark reddish brown; elytra reddish brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F640007DD8ED87C2FC9093D5" box="[718,776,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Clypeus subtrapezoidal, posterior width 2.3 times wider than anterior (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD85F87E0FD45938B" box="[636,733,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD85F87E0FD45938B" box="[636,733,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); lateral margins at posterior half short, parallel, becoming convergent towards anterior half; anterior teeth triangular, pointed, separated by a deep, wide gap, with each tooth bearing a longitudinal, small carina at basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DBBF8193FE6595A6" box="[412,509,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DBBF8193FE6595A6" box="[412,509,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); surface transversely covered with strongly rugosity rugose, glabrous, slightly convex on discal region. Frontoclypeal carina finely marked. Frontal surface glabrous, strongly marked by transverse, arched rugosity; posterior area between eyes smooth. Interocular width equals 3.3 transverse eye diameters. Ocular canthus slightly arched.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6440079D8388019FD04943C" box="[539,668,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mandible bearing 3 subtriangular teeth produced on outer margin; apical tooth diagonally truncate on apex; medial tooth rounded on apex; basal tooth smaller than previous ones. Labium subtriangular, coarsely rugopunctate, surrounded with long setae, disc glabrous.
|
||||
|
|
@ -174,9 +175,9 @@ description (
|
|||
: Club broad, longer (2.5 times longer than antennomeres 2–7 combined).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6440079DE2E80AEFBE59749" box="[1037,1149,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotum strongly convex posteriorly in lateral view; anterior tubercle small, triangular, raised on a wide, transverse edge; cavity transverse, deep, broad (occupying 2/ 3 of anterior pronotal area), bearing a weak, longitudinal edge raised at middle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DA8B8333FE8097C6" box="[168,280,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DA8B8333FE8097C6" box="[168,280,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)); anterior corners of pronotum strongly rugose; surface close to lateral margins strongly rugose, becoming covered with large, dense ocellated punctures towards posterior disc (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DB9D83FEFDA99799" box="[446,561,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DB9D83FEFDA99799" box="[446,561,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)); punctures on posterior disc minute; posterior area close to margin strongly rugopunctate; cavity entirely covered with strong, transverse rugosity, bearing small, rounded punctures between wrinkles.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6440079DA828266FEBB9671" box="[161,291,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate subtriangular, smooth. Elytral striae well marked; each stria covered with large, deep, ocellated punctures; predominance of contiguous punctures on sutural striae; punctures on other striae separated from 1–2 puncture diameters; punctures on interstria irregular.
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ description (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of transverse, well-marked striae. Tergite 8 strongly convex in lateral view, entirely covered with strong rugosity, setae dense. Sternites 4–7 densely rugopunctate laterally, bearing a transverse, incomplete row of small, setigerous punctures; sternite 8 completely rugose, bearing scarce setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF641007CDA838778FBB69338" pageId="49" pageNumber="712" startId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" targetPageId="49" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF641007CDA838778FBB69338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="712" startId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" targetPageId="49" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F641007CDA838778FBB69338" blockId="49.[160,1155,1599,1651]" pageId="49" pageNumber="712">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F641007CDA838778FE93931D" bold="true" box="[160,267,1599,1622]" pageId="49" pageNumber="712">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||||
Known geographical distribution of
|
||||
|
|
@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ Known geographical distribution of
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF641007CD9D7871BFBB69338" box="[1012,1070,1628,1651]" pageId="49" pageNumber="712" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF642007FDA838778FDDE9338" pageId="50" pageNumber="713" startId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" targetPageId="50" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF642007FDA838778FDDE9338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="713" startId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" targetPageId="50" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F642007FDA838778FDDE9338" blockId="50.[160,1155,1599,1651]" pageId="50" pageNumber="713">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F642007FDA838778FE90931D" bold="true" box="[160,264,1599,1622]" pageId="50" pageNumber="713">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||||
Known geographical distribution of
|
||||
|
|
@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ Known geographical distribution of
|
|||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF643007EDA838778FB8C931D" box="[160,1044,1599,1622]" pageId="51" pageNumber="714" startId="51.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF643007EDA838778FB8C931D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971607" box="[160,1044,1599,1622]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971607/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="714" startId="51.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F643007EDA838778FB8C931D" blockId="51.[160,1044,1599,1622]" box="[160,1044,1599,1622]" pageId="51" pageNumber="714">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F643007EDA838778FE9F931D" bold="true" box="[160,263,1599,1622]" pageId="51" pageNumber="714">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||||
Known geographical distribution of
|
||||
|
|
@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ does not vary significantly from
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F6440079DAC984C9FEE490EC" box="[234,380,1422,1447]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DBB284C9FE6390EC" box="[401,507,1422,1447]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6440079DBB284C9FE6390EC" box="[401,507,1422,1447]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6440079D83284C9FD5390EC" authorityName="Duarte & Dupuis & Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[529,715,1422,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moroni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6440079D83284C9FD5390EC" box="[529,715,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="715">Bothynus moroni</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="49F2B0E3C3A501A2400E364E1B78FB77" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="BFE3A1327C0EB3602965F95ED599A349">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D7153648808690A1D8AEDEA0946785C1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C10BA838A4525C30FDABF689EB265FA6">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E9938469AEE722ACF713000EDF4D491B">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="88828D88DCB11F3DC79CE41232D555FE">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61B866CE2F470C784CD2DB5B74870CD4">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
||||
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<mods:roleTerm id="65BC1964D8D84AC676B322C03FF75D8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="F1FFC0E83076F15F0B068138EDB01391">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C4D6E6B28112AC9EC2B9BFDD408A8D24">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="59BC1C067CB9711B5AC3B297FA8C4BE9">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="CEE261718248CE9CC1FC6E2101C790E5">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="C23906987A18F8FC195E215E0F35701B" type="personal">
|
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|
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<mods:roleTerm id="40B404D2997F404EE455F592C0BA4418">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:name id="C618A80634794E3EF46E5374773C03F8" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="D351B32706BFF844F80CFBA9BA6024F3">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F6450078DB6F81FBFC4F959C" blockId="53.[332,983,188,215]" box="[332,983,188,215]" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DB7181FBFE56959C" box="[338,462,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figures 2i</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DB7181FBFE56959C" box="[338,462,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figures 2i</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DBF981FBFE62959C" box="[474,506,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">3k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DBF981FBFE62959C" box="[474,506,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">3k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D82681FBFDBC959C" box="[517,548,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">8c</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D82681FBFDBC959C" box="[517,548,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">8c</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D81381FBFDC4959C" box="[560,604,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">9i, j</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D81381FBFDC4959C" box="[560,604,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">9i, j</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D84981FBFD03959C" box="[618,667,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">10b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D84981FBFD03959C" box="[618,667,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">10b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D88481FBFD4D959C" box="[679,725,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">13k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D88481FBFD4D959C" box="[679,725,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">13k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D8C281FBFC88959C" box="[737,784,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">14k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D8C281FBFC88959C" box="[737,784,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">14k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D93881FBFCD2959C" box="[795,842,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">16a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D93881FBFCD2959C" box="[795,842,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">16a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D97681FBFC3C959C" box="[853,932,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D97681FBFC3C959C" box="[853,932,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">
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|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D99281FBFC49959C" box="[945,977,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">23</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D99281FBFC49959C" box="[945,977,188,215]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">23</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6450078DA838052FED89464" blockId="53.[160,1067,277,338]" box="[160,320,277,303]" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">
|
||||
|
|
@ -121,13 +122,13 @@ length) that is distinguished from other species of the
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6450078DB6F8083FE319496" box="[332,425,452,477]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">ascanius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group by the following combination of characters: Both sexes bearing pronotum with a transverse, deep and oval cavity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D91780A0FC08974B" box="[820,912,487,512]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D91780A0FC08974B" box="[820,912,487,512]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)), besides the elytra with small punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DBBA834DFD889768" box="[409,528,522,547]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DBBA834DFD889768" box="[409,528,522,547]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)); inner protarsal claw of males only with a ventromedial process; apical half of parameres with parallel sides in caudal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D9CD836BFBC4970E" box="[1006,1116,556,581]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D9CD836BFBC4970E" box="[1006,1116,556,581]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)), combined to sharply apex in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D85A8308FD7D9723" box="[633,741,591,616]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D85A8308FD7D9723" box="[633,741,591,616]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6450078D9308308FC3D9723" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[787,933,591,616]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6450078D9308308FC3D9723" box="[787,933,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Bothynus nyx</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ and
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DA8B82CFFE9E96EA" box="[168,262,904,929]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DA8B82CFFE9E96EA" box="[168,262,904,929]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)).
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ and
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6450078DA83851EFD8C9138" blockId="53.[160,1156,1113,1728]" box="[160,532,1113,1139]" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6450078DA83851EFD8C9138" bold="true" box="[160,532,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DBAF851EFE739138" box="[396,491,1113,1139]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078DBAF851EFE739138" box="[396,491,1113,1139]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -252,13 +253,13 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Club flattened, broad, about 1.6 times larger than antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6450078D98B875AFB8B937D" box="[936,1043,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotal anterior tubercle strong, conical, raised on a transverse edge; cavity deep, wide (occupying over 1/2 of anterior area), transverse, oval (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D8888725FC9F9330" box="[683,775,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6450078D8888725FC9F9330" box="[683,775,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="716">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)), sometimes limited posteriorly by a small tubercle. Pronotal cavity transversely rugose, limited laterally with small, scarce punctures; anterior pronotal corners with large, deep, from contiguous to coalescent; pronotal sides covered with minute or small punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD90281C9FC1A95EC" box="[801,898,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD90281C9FC1A95EC" box="[801,898,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i,j)), except for an area close to lateral margins with dense, small punctures; punctures minute on posterior area behind cavity, becoming large, dense, coalescent, rugose towards posterior margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BDA8381B1FE879444" box="[160,287,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate finely punctate. Elytral striae barely marked, covered with ocellate, small punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDBED805EFDA59479" box="[462,573,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDBED805EFDA59479" box="[462,573,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)); punctures on sutural stria from contiguous to separated by 1 puncture diameter apart; other striae with punctures from 1–4 puncture diameters apart.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BDB7E8019FE15943C" box="[349,397,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw with a small, ventromedial, triangular to lobed process. Mesofemur nearly completely setose ventrally. Metafemur with minute punctures on ventral surface. Meso- and metatibia with medial carina strongly produced.
|
||||
|
|
@ -266,15 +267,15 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of finely marked striae. Tergite 8 entirely covered with strong rugosity, setae scarce. Sternites 4–7 strongly rugopunctate on sides, with small punctures transversely scattered at middle of disc; sternites 5–7 with a row of setigerous punctures arranged on sides, disc glabrous; sternite 8 rugopunctate on sides, glabrous.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BD8168316FD069721" box="[565,670,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in dorsal view, with basal half rounded laterally, outer margins becoming subparallel towards apical half; apical lobes broad (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDAD783D1FEFA97E4" box="[244,354,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDAD783D1FEFA97E4" box="[244,354,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)). Parameres, in lateral view, with acute apex, bearing a transversal carina between dorsal and ventral surfaces; basal area bearing a weak carina (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDE1F83FEFF2597BE" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDE1F83FEFF2597BE" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F646007BDA838263FDB09675" blockId="54.[160,1157,804,1003]" box="[160,552,804,830]" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">
|
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<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BDA838263FDB09675" bold="true" box="[160,552,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">
|
||||
Female description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDBB38263FE679675" box="[400,511,804,830]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDBB38263FE679675" box="[400,511,804,830]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ Known only from
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F646007BD86E8578FD509113" box="[589,712,1087,1112]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8FD8578FCD19113" box="[734,841,1087,1112]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8FD8578FCD19113" box="[734,841,1087,1112]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F646007BD97C8578FC6A9113" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[863,1010,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="717" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BD97C8578FC6A9113" box="[863,1010,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Bothynus nyx</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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|
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@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F646007BDB6285B7FC7A9040" box="[321,994,1264,1291]" pageId="54" pageNumber="717" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F646007BDB6285B7FC7A9040" blockId="54.[321,994,1264,1291]" box="[321,994,1264,1291]" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDB6B85B7FE279040" box="[328,447,1264,1291]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDB6B85B7FE279040" box="[328,447,1264,1291]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l), 5d, 7c, 10e, 11i, 13l, 14l, 16b, 19j, 20d, 22)
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
@ -90,13 +91,13 @@ is a small species that resembles
|
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|
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</emphasis>
|
||||
, but differs in the following characters: Body with dorsal black colour (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8DE84D5FCFA90E0" box="[765,866,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8DE84D5FCFA90E0" box="[765,866,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l); 16(b)); maxilla bearing 5 strong teeth arranged on the apex of galea (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8BF84F2FD619085" box="[668,761,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8BF84F2FD619085" box="[668,761,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); elytral epipleura with apparent border (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDADB8490FEC790BB" box="[248,351,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDADB8490FEC790BB" box="[248,351,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)); apical lobes of parameres wide (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8CE8490FCCF90BB" box="[749,855,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8CE8490FCCF90BB" box="[749,855,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F646007BD9588490FBA690BB" authorityName="Duarte & Dupuis & Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[891,1086,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="717" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovalatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BD9588490FBA690BB" box="[891,1086,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Bothynus ovalatus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -112,13 +113,13 @@ also can be comparable to
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF646007BD8B184BDFD499358" box="[658,721,1530,1555]" pageId="54" pageNumber="717" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, but differs in the following characters: Body with a black dorsal surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD830875AFDE2937D" box="[531,634,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD830875AFDE2937D" box="[531,634,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l); 16(b)), range of interocular width about 5.3– 5.4 transverse eye diameters; maxilla composed by 5 teeth at galea (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD95C8778FC4F9313" box="[895,983,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD95C8778FC4F9313" box="[895,983,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); apical lobes of parameres with contiguous basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8668725FD2A9330" box="[581,690,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BD8668725FD2A9330" box="[581,690,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)); tergite 8 not entirely rugose, the disc being punctate in the female (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDBC887C2FDCD93D5" box="[491,597,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDBC887C2FDCD93D5" box="[491,597,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F646007BD8A187C2FCA493D5" authorityName="Duarte & Dupuis & Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[642,828,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="717" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapukai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F646007BD8A187C2FCA493D5" box="[642,828,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Bothynus sapukai</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -127,13 +128,13 @@ also can be comparable to
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF646007BD96087C2FC1993D5" box="[835,897,1669,1694]" pageId="54" pageNumber="717" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, bears a reddish-brown body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDAC887E0FECE938B" box="[235,342,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F646007BDAC887E0FECE938B" box="[235,342,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="717">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c), 16(d)); range of the interocular width about 4.2–4.6 transverse eye diameter; galea with 3 teeth at apex in both sexes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007AD8FF81C9FCA095EC" box="[732,824,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007AD8FF81C9FCA095EC" box="[732,824,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); apical lobes of parameres with the inner margins broadly separated at basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007AD8E881F6FCAB9581" box="[715,819,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007AD8E881F6FCAB9581" box="[715,819,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(o)); tergite 8 of female entirely rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007ADAD98193FEFC95A6" box="[250,356,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007ADAD98193FEFC95A6" box="[250,356,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -539,7 +540,7 @@ and
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F647007ADA83853BFDBF91DD" bold="true" box="[160,551,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="718">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F647007ADA83853BFE9391DD" box="[160,267,1148,1174]" pageId="55" pageNumber="718" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007ADB86853BFD9D91DD" box="[421,517,1148,1174]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F647007ADB86853BFD9D91DD" box="[421,517,1148,1174]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="718">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -564,15 +565,15 @@ description (
|
|||
: Scutellar plate finely punctate. Elytral surface deeply striated, covered with ocellate, deep, large punctures; punctures on sutural striae mostly contiguous; punctures on other striae from contiguous to separated by 1–2 puncture diameters; juxtasutural interstriae bearing large, irregular punctures; other interstriae scarcely covered with large punctures.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075DE29807BFBA2941E" box="[1034,1082,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, bearing subequal branches (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D91D8019FC34943C" box="[830,940,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D91D8019FC34943C" box="[830,940,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)). Protarsomere 5 ventrally bearing a small, triangular, subapical process. Mesotibia provided only with a medial carina on outer surface. Metatibia with 2 carinae produced on outer surface.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075DA838081FE929494" box="[160,266,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with 2 bands of numerous, finely marked, paired, transverse striae. Tergite 8 with strongly rugose sides, disc punctate; discal punctures shallow, transverse, oval. Sternites 4–7 with rugopunctate sides and bearing a row of setigerous punctures, disc glabrous and with minute punctures; sternite 8 with small punctures on corners, disc smooth.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075DBFD8316FDD29721" box="[478,586,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, smooth, rounded laterally on basal half, gradually becoming constricted towards apical half; apical lobes oval, elongated, with inner margins subparallel, contiguous (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D98E83D1FB8797E4" box="[941,1055,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D98E83D1FB8797E4" box="[941,1055,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)); laterobasal process visible. Parameres, in lateral view, convex dorsally, ventrally bearing a basal carina, apex rounded; subapical area deeply excavated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D951839BFC7B97BE" box="[882,995,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D951839BFC7B97BE" box="[882,995,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,9 +595,9 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075D8C18213FC839626" box="[738,795,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Clypeus with regularly convergent lateral margins, without apparent constriction (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D8CE8231FCD196C4" box="[749,841,886,911]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075D8CE8231FCD196C4" box="[749,841,886,911]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)). Interocular width about 5.3 transverse eye diameters. Mouthparts: Maxilla bearing 5 pointed teeth arranged on apex of galea (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DB6E82FBFE34969E" box="[333,428,956,981]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DB6E82FBFE34969E" box="[333,428,956,981]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075DBFE82FBFDD0969E" box="[477,584,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotal cavity broad, nearly completely rugose.
|
||||
|
|
@ -606,7 +607,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Parameres, in caudal view, without visible lateral process. Parameres, in lateral view, deflexed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075DB7E8563FE359176" box="[349,429,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Female</emphasis>
|
||||
s (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DBEF8563FDD89176" box="[460,576,1060,1085]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DBEF8563FDD89176" box="[460,576,1060,1085]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075D85B8563FD5D9176" box="[632,709,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Length</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
|
|
@ -622,7 +623,7 @@ s (
|
|||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6480075D81285CBFD0291EE" box="[561,666,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 bearing dense discal punctures, transverse and oval (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DBB385E9FD91918C" box="[400,521,1198,1223]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DBB385E9FD91918C" box="[400,521,1198,1223]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j), 21(d)). Sternite 7 with a complete, transverse row of setose punctures; surface of sternite 8 completely setose and rugose.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -644,7 +645,7 @@ and
|
|||
), near the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6480075DAEF842BFEA390CE" box="[204,315,1388,1413]" name="Argentina" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
boundary (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DB9D842BFDB090CE" box="[446,552,1388,1413]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6480075DB9D842BFDB090CE" box="[446,552,1388,1413]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="719">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
<document id="96256D609CC8913597E47E9753238CEA" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1741162724802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M., Dupuis, Fabien & Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2025" docId="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.663-737.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bothynus robustus Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="720" masterDocId="E322484CF670004DDA238147FF98954B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group" masterLastPageNumber="737" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="720" updateTime="1741163856715" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="4FF8F59B98368B02843DDEDCD13CC399" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3224F00CBE16035E5504B661C3E857D">
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<mods:title id="496668D574BBFAFAD6568A2477FF4ED0">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<document id="2B53DEECC52A2E941B084E2F8966DC53" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971553" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1741162724802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M., Dupuis, Fabien & Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2025" docId="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.663-737.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bothynus robustus Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="720" masterDocId="E322484CF670004DDA238147FF98954B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group" masterLastPageNumber="737" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="720" updateTime="1741165250430" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B8A23991B67F17A9D7660BC809118AE4">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAC44CE24D933DAA3BB9AFB367CB0395">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="74E4962B58830388561D61604DCB6D6A">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83D1C7130CE768A6F6DCD7CAB9E4501E">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="14F3066467C0B82515812C2335D585FA">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="609E233BEF9A37C131E3D249B650E981">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="36D14F6C26D953CFD2918CD5267BDA26">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E51465EFECA7711811E7894A5B4F5C7B">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58EBCEF729C3895461691B73A2E11458">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AF3333B6780D48723D1A015225C3DC9F">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E26D812921F610571B99A9B8AA89A402">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="577FA90BBC48EC8486B39F110F21EACD">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="459476A70CF73463CFF0BAB02D2085F4">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BD508346FE9932805FF0BDEE2DEDCA20">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="110E353FBE5FC76DB715F87E076A2771">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7DE91A0B49563532B6B36C7C7CD09B2E">
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<mods:date id="2D8071D25EA24EAF9F172C82B69B53BC">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="969DD8C5A07B054E36B362F2411CC06C">2025-02-24</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="52D98C7BC76EFE76D652DE2EA5B0BAE3">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E064308CC58CB198E1BE47CDD8E6CF6A">2025-02-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3E6B4056BA773B36168936B13805F7BC">59</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="54FDE33E89D0DA7F3BF17FCBDC88D8F2">59</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1D196F7C8DDDE88C65E3DDEFE30B1021">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E7BF657C6B7308C0FC42E7FAB1421E90">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1901C34DADEC26A83C0E9BAB370CF1DE" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4764BE4CC9B9E64AF4D072E16AA7AF60" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C56FA31BC1D593AA3E8D473DDE99AF3" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="720" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6490074DB6E81C9FC4F95E2" box="[333,983,142,169]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6490074DBB781FAFC179593" box="[404,911,189,216]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DBB781FAFC179593" blockId="57.[404,911,189,216]" box="[404,911,189,216]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DBB881FAFD889593" box="[411,528,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DBB881FAFD889593" box="[411,528,189,216]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a), 8(d), 11(j), 13(m), 14(m), 23)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -93,11 +94,11 @@ in the pronotum with deep, oval and transverse cavity, besides the striated elyt
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DBB98039FD8D94DC" box="[410,533,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">B. robustus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is easily separated by the following characters: Inner protarsal claw incised, combined with the presence of a ventroapical process at protarsomere 5 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DB378083FEE59496" box="[276,381,452,477]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DB378083FEE59496" box="[276,381,452,477]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j)); outer sides of parameres constricted on apical half just behind the apical lobe in caudal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DBC680A1FDCC94B4" box="[485,596,486,511]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DBC680A1FDCC94B4" box="[485,596,486,511]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(m)); apex of parameres rounded in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DA8B834EFE8C9769" box="[168,276,521,546]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DA8B834EFE8C9769" box="[168,276,521,546]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(m)). The male of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6490074DBF5834EFD8E9769" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[470,534,521,546]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DBF5834EFD8E9769" box="[470,534,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">B. nyx</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -107,11 +108,11 @@ instead bears the inner protarsal claw without incision, provided only with a ve
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074D97E836BFC68970E" box="[861,1008,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">B. laevipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D9DF836BFBE0970E" box="[1020,1144,556,581]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 11h</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D9DF836BFBE0970E" box="[1020,1144,556,581]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 11h</figureCitation>
|
||||
], and the protarsomere 5 lacks the ventroapical process. Moreover, the apical half of parameres is nearly parallel in caudal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D8878336FC8A97C1" box="[676,786,625,650]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D8878336FC8A97C1" box="[676,786,625,650]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)), with no lateral constriction, and the apex is pointed in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D84383D3FD5297E6" box="[608,714,660,685]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D84383D3FD5297E6" box="[608,714,660,685]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ N,
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DA8382B6FDB69140" bold="true" box="[160,558,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6490074DA8382B6FE939140" box="[160,267,1009,1035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DB8682B6FD9E9140" box="[421,518,1009,1035]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DB8682B6FD9E9140" box="[421,518,1009,1035]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -203,21 +204,21 @@ description (
|
|||
: Club 2.0 times longer than antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074D9888440FB8E906B" box="[939,1046,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotal anterior tubercle strong, rounded apicaly, raised above a transverse edge; cavity wide (occupying 2/3 of anterior pronotal area), oval, transverse, deep, posteriorly limited by 2 small, rounded tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DBE98428FDB190C3" box="[458,553,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074DBE98428FDB190C3" box="[458,553,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); punctures on anterior corners dense, deep, coalescent; punctures on sides shallow, moderated compared those on anterior corners, scattered about 3 puncture diameters; posterior area close to margin strongly rugopunctate; posterior disc weakly punctate; cavity transversely rugose.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074D9B18490FB8A90BB" box="[914,1042,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate parabolic; disc with 8 irregularly scattered punctures (5 large, deep, setigerous; 3 small, shallow). Elytral striae well marked; punctures large, dense, deep, ocellated, from contiguous to separated by 1 puncture diameter on sutural stria; punctures on other striae separated by 2 puncture diameters; interstriae with irregular punctures.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DE2E8725FBA59330" box="[1037,1085,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw incised; branches subequal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D8B487C2FC9C93D5" box="[663,772,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6490074D8B487C2FC9C93D5" box="[663,772,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j)). Protarsomere 5 with a small, ventroapical process. Meso- and metatibia with 2 carinae produced on outer surface.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DA8381C9FE9195EC" box="[160,265,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of numerous, finely marked striae. Tergite 8 completely covered with strongly rugosity, scarcely covered with short setae. Sternites 4–7 densely rugopunctate on sides, with an incomplete row of setose punctures, disc finely punctate and glabrous; sternite 8 glabrous, nearly completely rugopunctate, except for a weakly punctate area close to posterior margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DE36805EFBE69479" box="[1045,1150,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, elongated, finely punctate, laterally subparallel on basal half, abruptly constricted lateroventrally on apical half (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9278019FCEF943C" box="[772,887,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9278019FCEF943C" box="[772,887,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(m)); apical lobes oval. Parameres, in lateral view, convex dorsally, ventral surface with a weak carina at basis, apex rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB6F80E3FE2194F6" box="[332,441,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB6F80E3FE2194F6" box="[332,441,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(m)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="0490F3A2FF30B5051126E7BD72BC0C95">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A866B4E864765CB438B1AD3C701329A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="236F6894B89D43CFE839219C283D7485">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="D4905F358CF37CB9CDD2F9EF79BCF696">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="42C7A45F4C19B91B2C309254DE1E2495">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="492062AAFEC8B9ADD7CCEEA1496AC276">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:role id="34CB6EC4D609E607E3C816931ACB641B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FDC715EB63CD770C63EE2AD09F8E1658">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EE9A27836A1503BEF7CAFCF8529BADAF">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="ECC5C0CD8EB0A26E3FE8722431699C6F">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3F9048A5920A4E25F798B379D6BD2425">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="404C4D8A83396438454589EA004635E5">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="7737A8B93BE88EA934E8CB7F73CFE349" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="C2DBD45F7851BE1E30796E16BD948BCA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="60874379E08ACD0D0171680CEC6D471B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:name id="442B85FEFCC493BEB238DCCB897D1933" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8383D2403DF704453161A54FA638FB76">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4148CC7476E3F702E7EDECEA12133BD6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="39AC87B2CBFDF017BC8E6A11FEA746ED">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="2D9EA4DB6A4290ADE182A20990145131">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D086C88C9A2A60606F4DA3F722FAE403">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="BBDAB5F5E2FA9B98E4CAACF798598C91">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A0F2636FB4EB71AE8AE35F078314EBB3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="4C92164607B0930FDFCE821485D72A35" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DE896372AF474CAE4642025D464CBEAC">
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<mods:title id="8AB3D79EC569419CE5A236C0514668A4">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EE14D77C8EC04EAE26F1CB48DC9A8EE5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="AF7BC4CEF84C467299795793C0D6EBE0" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="87595078786FAB5F885AF73B14CB3BD1">
|
||||
<mods:title id="95D3BC6A2E4A716BCB48179CDF8B515D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="7DC1EA6B3EBADE88E0C829D0CBD4C604">
|
||||
<mods:date id="4145A1A525AF0F174FA7F8D16FD9D4A5">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="83BA30429B95B74C6867213F774A297F" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="63B8C5945F56475C7868ABE16BC3FF66">2025-02-24</mods:number>
|
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<mods:part id="C62E1E3B17E24E279AC798E96780F660">
|
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<mods:date id="4DFDF3CEB1A8D1C8A079E7DAAA9C4EF5">2025</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="49E5B00AAA0478F82C7BC09C61EDFC31" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="ECF176C5141EAE7D21D4F89F2DDE0D33">2025-02-24</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="51C4401F47A9717A45B157762241C483" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="D8719EE454C2A283319D4085852ABB18">59</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="A397561AEB6DBD1F9C58F84012E22A9D" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="BFF70AC0A7C8A3568A84005C004C2D9B">59</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1EC3DB36BBB65FA5FDE106E2310E973A" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="C50A4C4D9416144965361CDE52B8C07C">9 - 12</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C0F2C42817FB93AC7635F358B59580FE" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="0A196C68B72DADE27F321C2BFC5C401F">9 - 12</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:extent id="D098D53B9E8C2CF2D131BF45A77103CD" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="B71EE4F5F17894D65734109FFAA10EFE">663</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3E88BF8F36C4CD5DCE69F54FFE2404A7">737</mods:end>
|
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<mods:extent id="EE96AF48378626311AFE5963D7C9048A" unit="page">
|
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<mods:start id="45995AE90AEAA1468563254EFC3BB8A4">663</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="5AE4BBE948BD04D4ED992FAE9C5A92C7">737</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="D2979EDC8C88DFD1413A998AE4FED46C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="25AFF82008255AE034BBFD3CBA4CC8D7" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="6E7E9B7251F166CD40EC7D600894E93E" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="F27145EF6DFD5DD15420A09E5AEE919A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="4267310A1B28C6B9BD89A7A1FB2F6F88" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="3ACDB35221BC6974D6DDACEF3B5308AB" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2EAC25A4E94BD1B9685956811F939B8C" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="1F1B3034F64A0071DB678571FF7E9743" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F64A0071DB678571FF7E9743" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F64A0071DB678571FF7E9743" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="723" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F64A0077DB678571FC47911A" box="[324,991,1078,1105]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F64A0077DB03852BFB9B91CC" box="[288,1027,1132,1159]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DB03852BFB9B91CC" blockId="58.[288,1027,1132,1159]" box="[288,1027,1132,1159]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB04852BFE0491CC" box="[295,412,1132,1159]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB04852BFE0491CC" box="[295,412,1132,1159]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b), 9(k,l), 13(n), 14(n), 16(c), 17(i,j), 19(k), 21(c), 22)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -94,11 +95,11 @@ at first glance, but
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DE5385B0FE929078" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">B. rufipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished by the following characters: Parameres with narrow apical lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DACF847AFEC1901D" box="[236,345,1341,1366]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DACF847AFEC1901D" box="[236,345,1341,1366]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(n)); anterior tubercle of the female pronotum strong and conical, combined with a deep and wide cavity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D8108418FD099033" box="[563,657,1375,1400]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D8108418FD099033" box="[563,657,1375,1400]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)); both sexes with elongate setae scattered on tergite 8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB0E84C5FE0D90D0" box="[301,405,1410,1435]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB0E84C5FE0D90D0" box="[301,405,1410,1435]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)). Futhermore,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64A0077D87184C5FD4D90D0" authorityName="Duarte & Dupuis & Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[594,725,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipennis" status="sp. n.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077D87184C5FD4D90D0" box="[594,725,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">B. rufipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -125,11 +126,11 @@ is also larger (
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF64A0077D8EF84E2FC8A90F5" box="[716,786,1445,1470]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
instead exhibits the following characters: Apical lobes of parameres distinctly broader (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9028480FC1590AB" box="[801,909,1479,1504]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9028480FC1590AB" box="[801,909,1479,1504]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(o)); female pronotum bearing a small anterior tubercle, associated with a shallow cavity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9A584ADFC689348" box="[902,1008,1514,1539]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9A584ADFC689348" box="[902,1008,1514,1539]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); tergite 8, in both sexes, glabrous or with short and poorly apparent setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D95D874AFC73936D" box="[894,1003,1549,1574]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D95D874AFC73936D" box="[894,1003,1549,1574]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ with same data as other
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076DA83807BFDB7941D" bold="true" box="[160,559,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64B0076DA83807BFE93941D" box="[160,267,316,342]" pageId="59" pageNumber="722" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB86807BFD9E941D" box="[421,518,316,342]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB86807BFD9E941D" box="[421,518,316,342]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ description (
|
|||
: Club globular, subequal to antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076DAD78265FEF89670" box="[244,352,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Anterior angles sharp, posterior angles rounded; posterior margin reborded except at the middle; cavity deep, wide and transverse, limited posteriorly and laterally by a rounded carina; presence of a high and acuminated tubercle in front and of a short emargination at the middle of posterior carina; surface transversally wrinkled in the cavity and towards anterior angles, strongly and densely punctate towards sides and back of discal region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB7F8288FE2296A3" box="[348,442,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB7F8288FE2296A3" box="[348,442,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k,l)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076DBD08288FDF796A3" box="[499,623,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate subtriangular, rounded at apex; surface with irregular punctures, bearing a few long reddish setae at basis. Elytral punctures ocellate, irregular, forming superficial striae. Interstriae bearing similar punctures, nearly aligned; minute punctures scarce, irregularly spaced.
|
||||
|
|
@ -258,9 +259,9 @@ description (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 with a stridulatory area formed by fine and regular striae. Tergite 8 finely rugose on sides, becoming rugopunctate on discal region; setae scarce. Ventrite 4 densely setose and transversally rugose. Ventrite 5–8 transversally rugose in anterior half, sparsely punctate and more shining in posterior half, and with a row of long setae in the middle and some shorter and sparser setae behind.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076DE30846DFBE59008" box="[1043,1149,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, smooth, wide and rounded at basal half, strongly constricted lateroventrally towards apical half; apical lobes narrowly oval with inner margins convergent to apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB6B84D5FE2E90E0" box="[328,438,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB6B84D5FE2E90E0" box="[328,438,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(n)). Parameres, in lateral view, with arched dorsal surface and rounded apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB6A84F3FE2C9086" box="[329,436,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB6A84F3FE2C9086" box="[329,436,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(n)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076D8CD8778FCDE9313" box="[750,838,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Females</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076D9768778FC599313" box="[853,961,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076D9768778FC599313" box="[853,961,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076D9CC8778FBA29313" box="[1007,1082,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Length</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,15 +301,15 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Interocular width equals 5.8 transverse eye diameters.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64B0076DADD87C2FEF193D5" box="[254,361,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Anterior tubercle of pronotum smaller; cavity smaller, shallow and transverse (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB0187E0FE13938B" box="[290,395,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64B0076DB0187E0FE13938B" box="[290,395,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="722">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
); posterior margin of cavity simply sinuated, not emarginated as in the males.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071DB3D81C9FED695EC" box="[286,334,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Tarsomere 5 without lateroventral process.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071DBBF81F6FD9D9581" box="[412,517,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 and ventrite 8 longer than in males, entirely rugopunctate and densely covered with long setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D8D58193FCFA95A6" box="[758,866,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D8D58193FCFA95A6" box="[758,866,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)). Sternites 4–8 densely covered with setae on discal region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D86381B1FD319444" box="[576,681,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D86381B1FD319444" box="[576,681,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ Known from the north of
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F64C0071D81D8026FC839431" box="[574,795,353,378]" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D9138026FC019431" box="[816,921,353,378]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D9138026FC019431" box="[816,921,353,378]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="4313B1F39F81CB0F9DDD9F003E7E78F1">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:title id="307242021FA5FAD71D16DB05B3F85CC1">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
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<mods:namePart id="D053B80899FCDAE87BC755DA866E8262">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B0157240FBFCBA7B71C57F2BAD8D9516">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A5BC5E9416736A1D779BA195FB8F2F22">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D28FF09D6912EAF9161E237539A735DE">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="669361C87CAF5B042811FE004C09EB16">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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@ -67,23 +68,23 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB57833CFE6F97DD" box="[372,503,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figures 4c</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB57833CFE6F97DD" box="[372,503,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figures 4c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D821833CFDBD97DD" box="[514,549,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">7d</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D821833CFDBD97DD" box="[514,549,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">7d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D813833CFDC697DD" box="[560,606,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">11k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D813833CFDC697DD" box="[560,606,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">11k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D849833CFD0397DD" box="[618,667,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">13o</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D849833CFD0397DD" box="[618,667,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">13o</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D884833CFD4097DD" box="[679,728,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">14o</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D884833CFD4097DD" box="[679,728,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">14o</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D8C7833CFC8D97DD" box="[740,789,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">16d</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D8C7833CFC8D97DD" box="[740,789,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">16d</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D902833CFCD197DD" box="[801,841,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">19l</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D902833CFCD197DD" box="[801,841,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">19l</figureCitation>
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|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D977833CFC1B97DD" box="[852,899,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">20e</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D977833CFC1B97DD" box="[852,899,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">20e</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D9AC833CFC3797DD" box="[911,943,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D9AC833CFC3797DD" box="[911,943,635,662]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">22</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -141,24 +142,24 @@ differs from
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071D9BA8226FBB39631" box="[921,1067,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">B. cylindricus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the concavity with complete posterior edge in both sexes; parameres with minute punctures only, combined with the apical lobes bearing divergent inner margins (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D99D82E1FBB096F4" box="[958,1064,934,959]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D99D82E1FBB096F4" box="[958,1064,934,959]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(o)); and tergite 8 of female entirely covered with coarse rugosity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D914828EFC2A96A9" box="[823,946,969,994]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D914828EFC2A96A9" box="[823,946,969,994]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l), 20(e)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64C0071DE3C828EFE89914E" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="723" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071DE3C828EFE89914E" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Bothynus cylindricus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
instead bears the pronotal cavity with interrupted posterior edge in both sexes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DA8B8549FE9D916C" box="[168,261,1038,1063]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DA8B8549FE9D916C" box="[168,261,1038,1063]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); parameres with large and dense punctures, combined with nearly parallel apical lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB1F8576FE339101" box="[316,427,1073,1098]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB1F8576FE339101" box="[316,427,1073,1098]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)); and tergite 8 of female finely rugose or punctate on disc (similar to those
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071DB788513FE7C9126" box="[347,484,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64C0071DB548513FE7C9126" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" box="[375,484,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="723" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">B. laticifex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
; see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D83F8513FD0E9126" box="[540,662,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D83F8513FD0E9126" box="[540,662,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i), 20(c)). From
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071D91E8513FBBD9126" box="[829,1061,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64C0071D91E8513FC349126" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" box="[829,940,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="723" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">B. laticifex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -169,21 +170,21 @@ of
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF64C0071DE0F8513FBF39126" box="[1068,1131,1108,1133]" pageId="60" pageNumber="723" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is distinguished by the inner protarsal claw of male with branches subequal in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DA8B85DEFE8C91F9" box="[168,276,1177,1202]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DA8B85DEFE8C91F9" box="[168,276,1177,1202]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)), parameres with convergent apical lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D91385DEFC0791F9" box="[816,927,1177,1202]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D91385DEFC0791F9" box="[816,927,1177,1202]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)) and tergite 8 of female coarsely rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB9F85FBFDB6919E" box="[444,558,1212,1237]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB9F85FBFDB6919E" box="[444,558,1212,1237]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l), 20(e)). While
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64C0071D8CB85FBFCC1919E" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" box="[744,857,1212,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="723" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071D8CB85FBFCC1919E" box="[744,857,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">B. laticifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bears the inner protarsal claw of male with outer branch shorter than inner one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D9048599FC0A91BC" box="[807,914,1246,1271]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071D9048599FC0A91BC" box="[807,914,1246,1271]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e,f)), parameres with subparallel apical lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB988446FDB39051" box="[443,555,1281,1306]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DB988446FDB39051" box="[443,555,1281,1306]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)) and tergite 8 of female punctate or finely rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DA8B8463FE8D9076" box="[168,277,1316,1341]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64C0071DA8B8463FE8D9076" box="[168,277,1316,1341]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i), 20(c)). For the differentiation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64C0071D8BE8463FC949076" authorityName="Duarte & Dupuis & Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[669,780,1316,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="723" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapukai" status="sp. n.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64C0071D8BE8463FC949076" box="[669,780,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="723">B. sapukai</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ and
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070DA8381B1FDB4945B" bold="true" box="[160,556,246,272]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64D0070DA8381B1FE93945B" box="[160,267,246,272]" pageId="61" pageNumber="724" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DB8681B1FD9D945B" box="[421,517,246,272]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DB8681B1FD9D945B" box="[421,517,246,272]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ description (
|
|||
: Clypeus subtriangular (posterior width 2.8 times wider than anterior); lateral margins regularly convergent, without constriction; anterior teeth small, triangular; surface densely rugose, glabrous. Frontoclypeal carina finely marked, slightly arched. Frons densely, transversely rugose; setae scarce, confined on sides close to eyes. Interocular width equals 4.3 transverse eye diameters. Ocular canthus subtriangular, weakly crenulate on outer margins.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070DE238080FBE694AB" box="[1024,1150,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mandible bearing 3 teeth on outer margin; apical tooth subtriangular, diagonally truncated apically; medial tooth rounded apically, larger compared to apical one; basal tooth triangular, smaller than previous ones. Maxilla with 3 small, triangular teeth produced on apex of galea (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DB6A8316FE309721" box="[329,424,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DB6A8316FE309721" box="[329,424,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)). Labium subtriangular, slightly rounded laterally; lateral margins densely covered with large, deep, setigerous punctures; disc strongly rugopunctate.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070DA8383D0FE9097FB" box="[160,264,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Club globular, subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
|
|
@ -372,15 +373,15 @@ description (
|
|||
: Scutellar plate subparabolic, finely punctate, punctures irregularly scattered. Elytral striae well marked, covered with small, ocellate punctures; punctures on sutural stria predominantly contiguous; punctures on other striae from contiguous to separated by 1 puncture diameter; interstriae scarcely punctate, except for the juxtasutural stria with large punctures scattered from anterior region to posterior corner of elytron.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070DB4782B6FE0C9141" box="[356,404,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, with inner branch broader than outer one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DB388553FE1B9166" box="[283,387,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DB388553FE1B9166" box="[283,387,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)). Protarsomere 5 bearing a ventrolateral, subapical process. Meso- and metatibia only with a middle carina produced on outer surface.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070D98A8570FB8A911B" box="[937,1042,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of numerous finely marked, transverse striae. Tergite 8 glabrous, strongly rugose on sides, becoming finely rugopunctate on disc. Sternite 4 nearly completely rugopunctate; sternites 5–7 with a row of setose punctures confined on sides, disc smooth; sternite 8 densely rugopunctate on sides, disc smooth.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070DA8385A3FE9191B6" box="[160,265,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, smooth, rounded laterally at basal half, strongly constricted lateroventrally at apical half; apical lobes oval, with outer curvature close to basis, inner margins distinctly separated at basis, becoming strongly convergent towards apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DAC6840BFEC8902E" box="[229,336,1356,1381]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DAC6840BFEC8902E" box="[229,336,1356,1381]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(o)). Parameres, in lateral view, convex dorsally; ventral area with a small, basal carina; apex weakly deflexed; subapical region behind lobes strongly depressed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DA8B84D6FE8B90E1" box="[168,275,1425,1450]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DA8B84D6FE8B90E1" box="[168,275,1425,1450]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(o)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Parameres provided with lateroventral teeth visible in caudal view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070D98E8725FB9D9330" box="[941,1029,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Females</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DE348725FB1B9330" box="[1047,1155,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64D0070DE348725FB1B9330" box="[1047,1155,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64D0070DAFA87C2FEBD93D5" box="[217,293,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="724">Length</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
|
|
@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Tarsomere 5 without lateroventral process.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64E0073D982805EFB929479" box="[929,1034,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 glabrous, completely covered with coarse rugosity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D8FC807BFCCF941E" box="[735,855,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D8FC807BFCCF941E" box="[735,855,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l), 20(e)). Sternite 8 entirely rugose, scarcely setose.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ Known from
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F64E0073DB96808EFDBB94A9" box="[437,547,457,482]" country="Paraguay" name="Paraguari" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Paraguarí</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D81F808EFD3294A9" box="[572,682,457,482]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D81F808EFD3294A9" box="[572,682,457,482]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There are records from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F64E0073D9FE808EFBD494A9" box="[989,1100,457,482]" name="Argentina" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="4F2844A8510BCFF61B672E07A86F881A">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6E8587D20B224150AACD4DEF992C0CB5">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F64E0073DB308227FB889630" box="[275,1040,864,891]" pageId="62" pageNumber="725" type="nomenclature">
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|
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@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
|
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F64E0073DB4682D6FC2796E7" box="[357,959,913,940]" pageId="62" pageNumber="725" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F64E0073DB4682D6FC2796E7" blockId="62.[357,959,913,940]" box="[357,959,913,940]" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DB4882D6FE7996E7" box="[363,481,913,940]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DB4882D6FE7996E7" box="[363,481,913,940]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d), 6(e,f), 13(p), 14(p), 16(e), 17(k,l), 23)
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
@ -89,21 +90,21 @@ in length) that resembles major specimens of
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64E0073DBA18575FE619100" box="[386,505,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">B. ascanius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the pronotal sides bearing minute punctures and inner protarsal incised in male, besides the similar configuration of the parameres. However, the new species is distinguished by the following characters: Presence of a longitudinal carina produced on the basis of each clypeal tooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D8B085DDFD7791F8" box="[659,751,1178,1203]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D8B085DDFD7791F8" box="[659,751,1178,1203]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e,f)); apical plates of parameres with outer margins slightly divergent, nearly parallel at basis and inner margin convergent at apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DAC68598FEC991B3" box="[229,337,1247,1272]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DAC68598FEC991B3" box="[229,337,1247,1272]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(p)); female pronotum with a shallow cavity entirely covered with strong rugosity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DB2B8445FEE89050" box="[264,368,1282,1307]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DB2B8445FEE89050" box="[264,368,1282,1307]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64E0073DBB58445FDC59050" box="[406,605,1282,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64E0073DBB58445FDC59050" box="[406,605,1282,1307]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
instead has the clypeal teeth without basal carina (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DA8B8463FE9E9076" box="[168,262,1316,1341]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073DA8B8463FE9E9076" box="[168,262,1316,1341]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a,b)); apical plate of parameres with outer margins strongly divergent at basis and inner margins convergent at basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D84B8400FD4D902B" box="[616,725,1351,1376]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D84B8400FD4D902B" box="[616,725,1351,1376]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)); female pronotum declivous anteriorly, without apparent cavity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D820842DFDF590C8" box="[515,621,1386,1411]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64E0073D820842DFDF590C8" box="[515,621,1386,1411]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="725">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ leg’
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64F0072DA83807CFDB7941E" bold="true" box="[160,559,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="726">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64F0072DA83807CFE93941E" box="[160,267,315,341]" pageId="63" pageNumber="726" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072DB86807CFD9D941E" box="[421,517,315,341]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072DB86807CFD9D941E" box="[421,517,315,341]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -326,9 +327,9 @@ description (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 2 bands of well-marked striae on anterior area, merged to 1 band of finely marked striae towards posterior area. Tergite 8 nearly entire glabrous, except for an area close to anterior margin with scarce setae; surface surrounded with strongly rugosity; discal area covered with minute punctures. Sternites 4–7 moderately rugopunctate and weakly setose on sides, discal region glabrous, with weak and shallow punctures; sternite 8 bearing weak punctures on sides, disc smooth.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64F0072D9058428FC1790C3" box="[806,911,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, bearing weak, shallow punctures; outer margins gradually becoming convergent towards apical half; apical lobes oval, elongate, with inner margins convergent at apex, outer margins weakly nearly subparallel at basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072D8E58490FCA890BB" box="[710,816,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072D8E58490FCA890BB" box="[710,816,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(p)). Parameres, in lateral view, arched dorsally, ventrally with a basal carina, apex slightly deflexed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072D98784BEFB979359" box="[932,1039,1529,1554]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072D98784BEFB979359" box="[932,1039,1529,1554]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(p)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Clypeus bearing a longitudinal carina produced at basis of each tooth (abrased in the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64F0072D93987C2FC1893D5" box="[794,896,1669,1694]" pageId="63" pageNumber="726" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072D9B487C2FC6D93D5" box="[919,1013,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64F0072D9B487C2FC6D93D5" box="[919,1013,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="726">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e,f)). Frontal surface scarcely setose (possibly dropped from
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64F0072D8F387E0FCA0938B" box="[720,824,1703,1728]" pageId="63" pageNumber="726" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
).
|
||||
|
|
@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDAE3805EFE51976E" blockId="64.[160,1156,142,549]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDAE3805EFE809479" box="[192,280,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Females</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDB06805EFE169479" box="[293,398,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDB06805EFE169479" box="[293,398,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDB9E805EFD909479" box="[445,520,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Length</emphasis>
|
||||
: 27.5–28.0 mm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -376,9 +377,9 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DD98D805EFB819479" box="[942,1049,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotal tubercle small; cavity shallow, entirely, transversely rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DD96D807BFC22941E" box="[846,954,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DD96D807BFC22941E" box="[846,954,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k)); punctures on pronotal sides dense, large, deep, from coalescent to contiguous, except for a smooth spot on each pronotal side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDBF680C6FDD994D1" box="[469,577,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDBF680C6FDD994D1" box="[469,577,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
(l)); posterior disc with minute punctures; transversal area close to posterior margin strongly rugopunctate.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DD92F80E3FCA494F6" box="[780,828,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Tarsomere 5 with no ventroapical process.
|
||||
|
|
@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
Known only from Brazilian central plateau (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F630000DD8A08332FC6097C5" box="[643,1016,629,654]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Distrito Federal and Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDE2E8332FBEE97C5" box="[1037,1142,629,654]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDE2E8332FBEE97C5" box="[1037,1142,629,654]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="E2F0EB6B168BA6CEB5055F1DDE275ED2">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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@ -66,7 +67,7 @@
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F652006FDB048330FB1C91DB" pageId="34" pageNumber="697" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F652006FDB048330FC6497D9" blockId="34.[295,1020,631,658]" box="[295,1020,631,658]" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FDB0C8330FE3997D9" box="[303,417,631,658]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FDB0C8330FE3997D9" box="[303,417,631,658]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e), 3(f), 12(d), 13(f), 14(f), 15(g), 18(d), 19(a,c), 24)
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="970D8122F652006FDA838396FE0897A0" blockId="34.[160,661,721,782]" box="[160,400,721,747]" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
|
|
@ -138,13 +139,13 @@ in the inner protarsal claw of male with no incision or ventromedial process, do
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F652006FDB34840DFE319028" box="[279,425,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">B. deiphobus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Metatarsomere 1 with outer apex angularly projected in both sexes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD9BD842BFB9190CE" box="[926,1033,1388,1413]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD9BD842BFB9190CE" box="[926,1033,1388,1413]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); tergite 7 with barely marked stridulatory striae in both sexes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD93584C8FC1A90E3" box="[790,898,1423,1448]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD93584C8FC1A90E3" box="[790,898,1423,1448]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)); hemisternite complete, not totally or partially separated at middle by a longitudinal midline (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD9CC84F5FBC29080" box="[1007,1114,1458,1483]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD9CC84F5FBC29080" box="[1007,1114,1458,1483]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); tergite 8 of female flattened on sides, with no apparent cavity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD9498493FC4C90A6" box="[874,980,1492,1517]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD9498493FC4C90A6" box="[874,980,1492,1517]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ preserved at HNHM is recognised by a green label on the specimens’ left side,
|
|||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F652006FDB8187C2FD8493D5" box="[418,540,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">juvencus Dj</emphasis>
|
||||
./Bras’. (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD85187C2FD5593D5" box="[626,717,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FD85187C2FD5593D5" box="[626,717,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F652006FD8DF87C2FCF393D5" box="[764,875,1669,1694]" pageId="34" pageNumber="697" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
female, labelled: (a) ‘Zoll. Inst. Halle’; (b) ‘
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ Burm’. [label bordered in red, partly handwritten]
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069D88781C9FD6795EC" box="[676,767,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069D88781C9FD6795EC" box="[676,767,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6540069D90D81C9FC5095EC" box="[814,968,142,167]" pageId="36" pageNumber="699" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
female, labelled: (a) ‘Zoll. Inst. Halle’; (b) ‘
|
||||
|
|
@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ female, labelled: (a) ‘Zoll. Inst. Halle’; (b) ‘
|
|||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF653006EDA8384BFFB1B932C" pageId="35" pageNumber="698" startId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" targetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF653006EDA8384BFFB1B932C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="698" startId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" targetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F653006EDA8384BFFB1B932C" blockId="35.[160,1156,1528,1639]" pageId="35" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F653006EDA8384BFFE9D9344" bold="true" box="[160,261,1528,1551]" pageId="35" pageNumber="698">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||||
Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c)
|
||||
|
|
@ -539,7 +540,7 @@ data
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6540069DA8383B9FD8B9653" blockId="36.[160,1157,766,1728]" box="[160,531,766,792]" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6540069DA8383B9FD8B9653" bold="true" box="[160,531,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069DBAF83B9FE749653" box="[396,492,766,792]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069DBAF83B9FE749653" box="[396,492,766,792]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -564,29 +565,29 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Scutellar plate from smooth to covered with minute punctures. Elytral surface deeply striated, usually covered by small, ocellated punctures; punctures contiguous on sutural stria; separated by 1–4 puncture diameters on other striae; lateral punctures smaller compared those on disc; punctures on interstriae scarce, from minute to small.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6540069D92F84F2FCA49085" box="[780,828,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Meso- and metatarsomere 1 with projected outer apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069DE3B8490FB1B90BB" box="[1048,1155,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069DE3B8490FB1B90BB" box="[1048,1155,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)). Meso- and metatibia with 2 carinae on outer surface.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6540069D96684BDFC369358" box="[837,942,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 bearing stridulatory apparatus forming 1 band of finely marked striae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069D95F875AFC71937D" box="[892,1001,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6540069D95F875AFC71937D" box="[892,1001,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)). Tergite 8 glabrous, densely rugose on sides; discal area punctate; punctures small, oval. Sternite 4–7 with an incomplete row of setose punctures confined on sides, disc from smooth to covered with scarce, small punctures; sternite 8 rugopunctate on corners, disc weakly punctate.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6540069DB3487E0FE45938B" box="[279,477,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Hapalopteridae" genus="Spiculum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caloneurodea" pageId="36" pageNumber="699" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastrale">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6540069DB3487E0FE45938B" box="[279,477,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="699">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Y-shaped, branches subequal in length; lateral branches convergent towards apex, medial branch divergent towards a rounded apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DE3B81C9FB1B95EC" box="[1048,1155,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DE3B81C9FB1B95EC" box="[1048,1155,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)). Hemisternite broadly rounded, entire, transversely covered with a row of 41–45 setae on apical margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6550068DB5A8193FE7B95A6" box="[377,483,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, smooth, gradually narrowed towards apical half, apically with 2 shortened, oval lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D96F81B1FC239444" box="[844,955,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D96F81B1FC239444" box="[844,955,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)). Parameres, in lateral view, lacking ventrobasal carina; apex rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D92F805EFCEF9479" box="[780,887,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D92F805EFCEF9479" box="[780,887,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6550068DA838026FDD29430" blockId="37.[160,1156,353,552]" box="[160,586,353,379]" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6550068DA838026FDD29430" bold="true" box="[160,586,353,379]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
Female redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DB8B8026FDB89430" box="[424,544,353,379]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figures 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DB8B8026FDB89430" box="[424,544,353,379]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figures 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -599,7 +600,7 @@ Female redescription (
|
|||
: Pronotum with small anterior tubercle; cavity shallow, entirely rugose; pronotal posterior area weakly convex in lateral view. Elytral punctures slightly larger compared to those on male.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6550068DB9080ABFD84974E" box="[435,540,492,517]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 flattened (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D92580ABFCE8974E" box="[774,880,492,517]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D92580ABFCE8974E" box="[774,880,492,517]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). Sternite 8 triangular, bearing entire posterior margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ Female redescription (
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F6550068DAF383DAFEEC97FD" box="[208,372,669,694]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DBA583DAFE7597FD" box="[390,493,669,694]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DBA583DAFE7597FD" box="[390,493,669,694]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Historically, the species was known only from the states of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F6550068DA8383F8FE8E9793" box="[160,278,703,728]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DB6B8474FE259005" box="[328,445,1331,1358]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DB6B8474FE259005" box="[328,445,1331,1358]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g), 11(g), 13(g), 14(g), 15(h), 19(h), 20(b), 25)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -84,15 +85,15 @@ resembles
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6550068DBE384F6FDB09081" box="[448,552,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">B. cyclops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the new species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Protarsomere 5 of male gradually widening towards apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DA8B84B0FE8A935B" box="[168,274,1527,1552]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DA8B84B0FE8A935B" box="[168,274,1527,1552]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)); parameres with apical lobes visible in caudal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D9B384B0FC64935B" box="[912,1020,1527,1552]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D9B384B0FC64935B" box="[912,1020,1527,1552]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)); apex of parameres rounded in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D860875EFD2A9379" box="[579,690,1561,1586]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D860875EFD2A9379" box="[579,690,1561,1586]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)); in female, tergite 8 nearly glabrous (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DA8B877BFE8C931E" box="[168,276,1596,1621]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068DA8B877BFE8C931E" box="[168,276,1596,1621]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)) with shallow and small punctures on discal region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D9A0877BFC77931E" box="[899,1007,1596,1621]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6550068D9A0877BFC77931E" box="[899,1007,1596,1621]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="700">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ resembles
|
|||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF656006BDA838402FBE39032" pageId="38" pageNumber="701" startId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" targetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF656006BDA838402FBE39032" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="701" startId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" targetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F656006BDA838402FBE39032" blockId="38.[160,1156,1349,1401]" pageId="38" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F656006BDA838402FE939017" bold="true" box="[160,267,1349,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="701">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||||
Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ colr’ –
|
|||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F657006ADAD587C3FF6293D6" bold="true" box="[246,250,1668,1693]" pageId="39" pageNumber="702">.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF657006ADA838577FD68912E" pageId="39" pageNumber="702" startId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" targetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF657006ADA838577FD68912E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="702" startId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" targetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F657006ADA838577FD68912E" blockId="39.[160,1155,1072,1125]" pageId="39" pageNumber="702">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F657006ADA838577FE92910C" bold="true" box="[160,266,1072,1095]" pageId="39" pageNumber="702">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -592,7 +593,7 @@ Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a)
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065DA8381C9FDB795E3" bold="true" box="[160,559,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6580065DA8381C9FE9395E3" box="[160,267,142,168]" pageId="40" pageNumber="703" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DB8681C9FD9D95E3" box="[421,517,142,168]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DB8681C9FD9D95E3" box="[421,517,142,168]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -619,15 +620,15 @@ description (
|
|||
: Scutellar plate subparabolic, smooth. Elytral striae well marked; surface covered by large, ocellate, deep punctures, contiguous on sutural stria, from contiguous to separated by 2 puncture diameters on other striae; punctures on interstriae scarce, irregularly arranged.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065D84B8220FD0096CB" box="[616,664,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, with subequal branches. Protarsomere 5 gradually widened towards apex, bearing a subapical, ventrolateral process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DBCC82EBFDC2968E" box="[495,602,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DBCC82EBFDC2968E" box="[495,602,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)). Mesotibial outer surface only with a middle carina. Metatibia with 2 carinae projected on outer surface (one basal, one medial).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065DA8382B5FE949140" box="[160,268,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of numerous, transverse, finely marked striae. Tergite 8 glabrous, densely rugopunctate on sides; discal area with shallow, scarce punctures. Ventrite 4 completely setose; ventrites 5–7 with a row of setose punctures confined on sides, disc smooth; sternite 8 smooth.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065DA83853BFE9291DE" box="[160,266,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, bearing subparallel sides at basal half, abruptly constricted lateroventrally towards apical half; apex bearing 2 long, oval lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DE1885D8FF259190" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DE1885D8FF259190" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)). Parameres, in lateral view, bearing a small, basal carina on ventral surface; apex rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DB3085A3FE1A91B6" box="[275,386,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DB3085A3FE1A91B6" box="[275,386,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -651,7 +652,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Pronotal tubercle truncated apically.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065D8D684F2FCD59085" box="[757,845,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Females</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065D97984F2FC5C9085" box="[858,964,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065D97984F2FC5C9085" box="[858,964,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065D9D184F2FBA59085" box="[1010,1085,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Length</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
|
|
@ -667,9 +668,9 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6580065DA838725FE919330" box="[160,265,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 weakly setose, with scarce setae transversely arranged on an area close to posterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DBE887C2FDA093D5" box="[459,568,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DBE887C2FDA093D5" box="[459,568,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)); discal region with shallow and transverse punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DAC487E0FECC938B" box="[231,340,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6580065DAC487E0FECC938B" box="[231,340,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="703">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)). Sternite 8 strongly rugose, covered with moderate setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -686,7 +687,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F6590064DB9B8193FD8295A6" box="[440,538,212,237]" country="Paraguay" name="Caazapa" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Caazapá</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D80D8193FD0F95A6" box="[558,663,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@51.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 25. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus cyclops and Bothynu gisae sp. n." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D80D8193FD0F95A6" box="[558,663,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@51.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 25. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus cyclops and Bothynu gisae sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971607/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<treatment id="1F1B3034F6590066DB998376FBCC9431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6590066DB998376FBCC9431" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F6590066DB998376FBCC9431" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="706" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6590064DB998376FCF19707" box="[442,873,561,588]" pageId="41" pageNumber="704" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ Arrow, 1937
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6590064DB278336FCC69688" pageId="41" pageNumber="704" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6590064DB278336FBB897C7" blockId="41.[260,1056,625,652]" box="[260,1056,625,652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064DB298336FE1897C7" box="[266,384,625,652]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064DB298336FE1897C7" box="[266,384,625,652]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f), 3(h), 9(e, f), 10(a), 11(h), 12(e), 13(h), 14(h), 15(i), 23)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6590064DA83839EFE0497B8" blockId="41.[160,1156,729,963]" box="[160,412,729,755]" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">
|
||||
|
|
@ -120,13 +121,13 @@ differs by the following characters: Pronotal cavity of male rounded in dorsal v
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6590064DB9785CDFDB391E8" box="[436,555,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">B. ascanius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D81985CDFD0E91E8" box="[570,662,1162,1187]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D81985CDFD0E91E8" box="[570,662,1162,1187]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)]), not transversely arranged; elytra nearly smooth in both sexes, bearing minute or shallow punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D97A85EBFC5B918E" box="[857,963,1196,1221]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D97A85EBFC5B918E" box="[857,963,1196,1221]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)); lateroventral area of parameres constricted just above the apical lobes in caudal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D9CE8588FBC391A3" box="[1005,1115,1231,1256]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D9CE8588FBC391A3" box="[1005,1115,1231,1256]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)), combined with a rounded apex in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D8FA85B5FCD19040" box="[729,841,1266,1291]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064D8FA85B5FCD19040" box="[729,841,1266,1291]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6590064D95D85B5FBFF9040" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[894,1127,1266,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="704" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6590064D95D85B5FBFF9040" box="[894,1127,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Bothynus laevipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ male, here designated, labelled: (a) ‘NHMUK014400144’ [label with QR code pr
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064DA84871BFF66933E" box="[167,254,1628,1653]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6590064DA84871BFF66933E" box="[167,254,1628,1653]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="704">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6590064DB06871BFE20933E" box="[293,440,1628,1653]" pageId="41" pageNumber="704" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
male, here designated, labelled: (a) ‘NHMUK014400141’ [label with QR code printed]; (b) ‘
|
||||
|
|
@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ leg
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65A0067DA8380AEFD8D9748" blockId="42.[160,1157,489,1589]" box="[160,533,489,515]" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067DA8380AEFD8D9748" bold="true" box="[160,533,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DBAF80AEFE749748" box="[396,492,489,515]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DBAF80AEFE749748" box="[396,492,489,515]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -402,17 +403,17 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Club elongated, about 2 times longer than antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067D9778220FC5996CB" box="[852,961,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotum with tubercle strong, conical; cavity deep, broad, rounded, usually limited posteriorly by 2 small tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DB7582EAFE29968D" box="[342,433,941,966]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DB7582EAFE29968D" box="[342,433,941,966]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)). Pronotal surface on anterior corners with dense, large, deep, coalescent punctures; sides nearly entirely covered with minute punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DE218288FBF896A3" box="[1026,1120,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DE218288FBF896A3" box="[1026,1120,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)), except for an area close to lateral margins with small, deep, dense punctures; punctures on disc minute; posterior margin from rugose to strongly rugopunctate; cavity transversely rugose.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067DB0F8570FE33911B" box="[300,427,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Elytral surface nearly smooth, bearing barely marked striae, and shallow or minute punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DBDD851DFDF29138" box="[510,618,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DBDD851DFDF29138" box="[510,618,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067D8BD851DFD569138" box="[670,718,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw bearing a small, lobed or triangular ventromedial process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067D8AD853AFD6491DD" box="[654,764,1149,1174]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067D8AD853AFD6491DD" box="[654,764,1149,1174]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)). Mesotibia with middle carina strongly projected diagonally on outer surface. Metafemora with no punctures on ventral disc.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067DAFA8585FEDA9190" box="[217,322,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of finely marked striae. Tergite 8 entirely covered by strong rugosity transversely arranged, bearing moderate yellowish setae. Sternites 4–7 with setae and rugopunctures dense on sides, disc glabrous and with small, scarce punctures; sternite 8 strongly rugopunctate on sides; disc with scarce, small, shallow punctures.
|
||||
|
|
@ -420,19 +421,19 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067D86E840BFC88902E" box="[589,784,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Y-shaped; branches subequal in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DADD8428FEE890C3" box="[254,368,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DADD8428FEE890C3" box="[254,368,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)). Hemisternite formed by 2 contiguous, oval plates; each plate covered with setae on apical margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067D86984D5FD2B90E0" box="[586,691,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in dorsal view, elongate and rhomboid in shape, covered with shallow, scarce punctures; lateroventral outer margins gradually convergent towards an apical half strongly constricted above apical lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DA8B84BDFE8F9358" box="[168,279,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DA8B84BDFE8F9358" box="[168,279,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)); apical lobes elongate, oval. Parameres, in lateral view, provided with a small, basal process on ventral area; apex rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067D8CB875BFCCD937E" box="[744,853,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067D8CB875BFCCD937E" box="[744,853,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65A0067DA838726FDAF9330" blockId="42.[160,1156,1633,1728]" box="[160,567,1633,1659]" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65A0067DA838726FDAF9330" bold="true" box="[160,567,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">
|
||||
Female redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DB8B8726FD8D9330" box="[424,533,1633,1659]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65A0067DB8B8726FD8D9330" box="[424,533,1633,1659]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="705">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -462,7 +463,7 @@ Female redescription (
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F65B0066DB848078FD8C9413" box="[423,532,319,344]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D8048078FD159413" box="[551,653,319,344]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D8048078FD159413" box="[551,653,319,344]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F65B0066D8838078FCE69413" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[672,894,319,344]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="706" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65B0066D8838078FCE69413" box="[672,894,319,344]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Bothynus laevipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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||||
<mods:number id="8FAF445C18EC712D81EA3BB79B31E916">59</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="B6AA9588159D42ACF33057F6FD48B843" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="F660368DABE78EE1222C318C0D4395A7">59</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:detail id="CDE065B90CA76E5297C45057A1A3F2A7" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="37B78FA18F32704F6FC61CEF66A850EF">9 - 12</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="7E6AA11332E33B3A19C7010380D37F23" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="4D4B13E03024E49C92AF0E9D0EA3E286">9 - 12</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:start id="EC35B2DC147D53E0F3BEC45762BFB711">663</mods:start>
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|
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</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="B3E71C6D474FB3C8EB69EED1E8C409E7">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2718AC2914E221F7C25F1790E5487570" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="558F052EF87F6575BE9CDE1599161689" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="C3B7786A42FFF85CCD8E72324B68B932">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="EDDAB3F862FECE985EA0974054E2DA18" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C16C82F82946F1DD90759AFAB3DEB6EF" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="4EE6DBCD79EEBF2740637F29B075F330" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="1F1B3034F65B0063DB9080FCFC489130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F65B0063DB9080FCFC489130" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F65B0063DB9080FCFC489130" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F65B0066DB9080FCFCE8949D" box="[435,880,443,470]" pageId="43" pageNumber="706" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F65B0066DAE180AAFD74961F" pageId="43" pageNumber="706" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65B0066DAE180AAFBF99743" blockId="43.[194,1121,493,520]" box="[194,1121,493,520]" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DAE880AAFEA59743" box="[203,317,493,520]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DAE880AAFEA59743" box="[203,317,493,520]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g), 3(i), 9(g, h), 11(e, f), 13(i, t), 14(i), 15(j), 17(c, d), 19(i), 20(c), 22)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65B0066DA83830FFEEB9729" blockId="43.[160,1157,584,852]" box="[160,371,584,610]" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">
|
||||
|
|
@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ Abadie
|
|||
. 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pl. 14 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D9C5825EFBD99679" box="[998,1089,793,818]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D9C5825EFBD99679" box="[998,1089,793,818]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
, male illustration);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F65B0066DB08827CFDF6961F" author="Lopez-Garcia MM & Gasca-Alvarez HJ & Cave RD & Amat-Garcia G" box="[299,622,827,852]" pageId="43" pageNumber="706" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref36662" refString="Lopez-Garcia MM, Gasca-Alvarez HJ, Cave RD, Amat-Garcia G. 2016. An annotated checklist of the new world Pentodontini scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa. 4170 (3): 491-509. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.4." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
López-García
|
||||
|
|
@ -124,15 +125,15 @@ at first glance in the elongated aspect of body, pronotum with small tubercle, b
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65B0066D89182ABFC84914E" box="[690,796,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">B. laticifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished by the following characters: Posterior margin only of the male pronotum punctate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D9808549FB9B916C" box="[931,1027,1038,1063]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D9808549FB9B916C" box="[931,1027,1038,1063]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g,h)); inner protarsal claw of male with shorter outer branch, not surpassing the basal half of the inner one in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DB778513FE589126" box="[340,448,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DB778513FE589126" box="[340,448,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e,f)); parameres nearly smooth, with minute punctures only (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DA848531FE8C91C4" box="[167,276,1142,1167]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DA848531FE8C91C4" box="[167,276,1142,1167]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)); basal sides of parameres entire, without lateral constriction in frontal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DA8485DEFE8891F9" box="[167,272,1177,1202]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DA8485DEFE8891F9" box="[167,272,1177,1202]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(t)); pronotal cavity with entire posterior edge, without apparent medial interruption in female (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DB6B85FBFE28919E" box="[328,432,1212,1237]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066DB6B85FBFE28919E" box="[328,432,1212,1237]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ Burm.
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D86F84F6FD2A9081" box="[588,690,1457,1482]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65B0066D86F84F6FD2A9081" box="[588,690,1457,1482]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="706">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F65B0066D8C884F6FC119081" box="[747,905,1457,1482]" pageId="43" pageNumber="706" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
female, labelled: (a) ‘
|
||||
|
|
@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ No data –
|
|||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65C0061DA838778FBEA9338" blockId="44.[160,1156,1599,1651]" pageId="44" pageNumber="707">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65C0061DA838778FE94931D" bold="true" box="[160,268,1599,1622]" pageId="44" pageNumber="707">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||||
Known geographical distribution of
|
||||
|
|
@ -484,7 +485,7 @@ Known geographical distribution of
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65D0060DA8380BFFD959759" blockId="45.[160,1156,504,1709]" box="[160,525,504,530]" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65D0060DA8380BFFD959759" bold="true" box="[160,525,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060DBAF80BFFE739759" box="[396,491,504,530]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060DBAF80BFFE739759" box="[396,491,504,530]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -505,31 +506,31 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Mandible with apical and medial teeth subtriangular, rounded at apex (possibly abrased); basal tooth lobed, smaller than previous ones. Maxilla with tridentate galea. Labium subtriangular, slightly convex, surrounded with large, dense, deep, contiguous, setigerous punctures; lateral setae longer those on disc; discal punctures weak, setae scarce, small.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65D0060D8B282DEFD6496F9" box="[657,764,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotum bearing a small apical tubercle, with rounded apex; cavity shallow, rounded, small, confined to anterior disc. Pronotal surface on anterior corners bearing dense, deep, large, from contiguous to coalescent punctures; punctures on sides close to lateral margins large, deep, contiguous, becoming sparser (separated by about 1–2 pucture diameters) towards posterior disc (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060DA8B8501FE9C9114" box="[168,260,1094,1119]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060DA8B8501FE9C9114" box="[168,260,1094,1119]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g,h)); discal punctures minute; punctures on posterior area close to margin deep, large, predominantly contiguous, with poorly coalescent punctures; cavity from transversely rugopunctate to punctate; punctures large, C-shaped.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65D0060D97385CBFC5791EE" box="[848,975,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate triangular, smooth. Elytral striae well marked; each stria covered with small, ocellate punctures, contiguous to separated about by 1 puncture diameter; punctures on interstriae scarce separated about 1–3 puctures diameter. Metaventrite weakly setose.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65D0060DE6D85B3FBE69046" box="[1102,1150,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw obliquely curved, incised (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060D8958451FCB89064" box="[694,800,1302,1327]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060D8958451FCB89064" box="[694,800,1302,1327]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)); inner branch broader than inner one; outer branch short, not surpassing the basal half of inner one in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060DE1F847EFF23903E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060DE1F847EFF23903E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)). Tarsomere 5 with a ventrolateral process close to apex. Meso- and metafemora bearing smooth disc. Meso- and metatibiae only with a medial carinae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65D0060D99C8439FBB090DC" box="[959,1064,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of transverse, finely marked, paired striae. Tergite 8 glabrous, strongly rugose on sides, becoming weaker towards disc. Sternites 4–7 densely rugopunctate on sides, with rugosity becoming weaker towards a glabrous disc, setae arranged in a transverse row confined on sides; sternite 8 weakly rugopunctate on corners, smooth on disc, with setae confined on posterior margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65D0060D959876BFC7B930E" box="[890,995,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, nearly smooth, except for minute punctures on basal half and small tubercles on sides of apical half; basal half rounded laterally, apical half constricted lateroventrally, apical lobes elongated, with curvature close to apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060D92087D3FCE993E6" box="[771,881,1684,1709]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65D0060D92087D3FCE993E6" box="[771,881,1684,1709]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="708">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)). Parameres, in frontal view, with entire basal sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBCF81C9FDC195EC" box="[492,601,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBCF81C9FDC195EC" box="[492,601,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(t)). Parameres, in lateral view, with a basal carina on ventral area, apex slightly deflexed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063D87F81F6FD519581" box="[604,713,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063D87F81F6FD519581" box="[604,713,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(i)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65E0063DA8381BEFDB89458" blockId="46.[160,1156,249,621]" box="[160,544,249,275]" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65E0063DA8381BEFDB89458" bold="true" box="[160,544,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">
|
||||
Female description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBB381BEFE649458" box="[400,508,249,275]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBB381BEFE649458" box="[400,508,249,275]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -544,7 +545,7 @@ Female description (
|
|||
: Pronotum sometimes dark reddish.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65E0063D9438078FC539413" box="[864,971,319,344]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotum with small apical tubercle; cavity small, shallow, nearly declivous; sides nearly entirely covered with dense, large punctures, from contiguous to coalescent; punctures on disc weaker, smaller than those on sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBFC80E0FDD3948B" box="[479,587,423,448]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBFC80E0FDD3948B" box="[479,587,423,448]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c,d)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65E0063D8A880E0FC92948B" box="[651,778,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate triangular, usually smooth, sometimes with irregular punctures. Elytral punctures slightly larger compared those on male.
|
||||
|
|
@ -552,7 +553,7 @@ Female description (
|
|||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65E0063D98F80ABFB8D974E" box="[940,1045,492,517]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 glabrous (Figure 29(i)), nearly entirely rugose, except for a discal region bearing transverse, shallow punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBE58376FDA99701" box="[454,561,561,586]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBE58376FDA99701" box="[454,561,561,586]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). Sternites 4–7 nearly entirely covered with dense setae; sternite 8 completely rugose, entirely setose.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ locality),
|
|||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F65E0063DAEC83A5FEA797B0" box="[207,319,738,763]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DB7783A5FE2697B0" box="[340,446,738,763]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DB7783A5FE2697B0" box="[340,446,738,763]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. There are records from
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F65E0063DBAB85A9FC159379" pageId="46" pageNumber="709" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F65E0063DBAB85A9FC039042" blockId="46.[392,923,1262,1289]" box="[392,923,1262,1289]" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBAC85A9FD9D9042" box="[399,517,1262,1289]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65E0063DBAC85A9FD9D9042" box="[399,517,1262,1289]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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(h), 3(j), 5(c), 13(j), 14(j), 15(k), 24)
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="970D8122F65E0063DA83840FFEC49029" blockId="46.[160,1156,1352,1586]" box="[160,348,1352,1378]" pageId="46" pageNumber="709">
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|
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@ -119,13 +120,13 @@ in length), with stocky body
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="970D8122F65F0062DA8381C9FEFF9479" blockId="47.[159,1155,142,306]" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DA8481C9FE9595EC" box="[167,269,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DA8481C9FE9595EC" box="[167,269,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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||||
(j),15(k)); clypeus triangular (posterior width about 6.0 times wider than anterior) with presence of inconspicuous anterior teeth (only observed at 50× magnification) (
|
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DA848193FE9895A6" box="[167,256,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DA848193FE9895A6" box="[167,256,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); interocular width 7.2–7.6 times the diameter of eye; teeth of mandible lobed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DA8481B1FF659444" box="[167,253,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DA8481B1FF659444" box="[167,253,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); apical lobes of parameres with a weak constriction on the base of lobes in caudal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DAC3805EFEDF9479" box="[224,327,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DAC3805EFEDF9479" box="[224,327,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ Steinh.
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DB74834BFE2D976E" box="[343,437,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DB74834BFE2D976E" box="[343,437,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(h)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65F0062DA838316FE1F9720" blockId="47.[160,1156,593,723]" box="[160,391,593,619]" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">
|
||||
|
|
@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ to
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F65F0062DA8383B9FD959653" blockId="47.[160,1156,766,1728]" box="[160,525,766,792]" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65F0062DA8383B9FD959653" bold="true" box="[160,525,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DBAF83B9FE729653" box="[396,490,766,792]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062DBAF83B9FE729653" box="[396,490,766,792]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -253,11 +254,11 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Reddish brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65F0062D9BD8265FC4F9670" box="[926,983,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Clypeus triangular (posterior width about 6.0 times wider than anterior), strongly convergent; anterior teeth small (only observed under high magnification: 50×); surface glabrous, slightly rugose in a longitudinal area at middle, sides weakly punctate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062D9CC82CDFBC296E8" box="[1007,1114,906,931]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062D9CC82CDFBC296E8" box="[1007,1114,906,931]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). Frontoclypeal carina weakly marked, raised in lateral view. Frons scarcely setose, coarsely rugopunctate. Interocular width about 7.2–7.6 transverse eye diameters.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65F0062D9DD8288FBE596A3" box="[1022,1149,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mandible with lobed, nearly fused teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062D8A382B5FD469140" box="[640,734,1010,1035]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062D8A382B5FD469140" box="[640,734,1010,1035]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). Maxilla with rounded apex, with no tooth. Labium subtriangular, broadly concave, surrounded with long setae, discal setae shorter than lateral.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65F0062DBA98570FE6A911B" box="[394,498,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Club globular, subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
|
|
@ -271,15 +272,15 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus confined to discal area, formed by 1 band of transverse, finely marked, paired striae. Tergite 8 densely rugopunctate on sides; discal area weakly punctate, glabrous; scarce setae confined on sides.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F65F0062D8F18725FCA59330" box="[722,829,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in dorsal view, rounded laterally at basal half, strongly constricted lateroventrally towards to apical half, bearing 2 oval lobes on apex; lobes slightly constricted at basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062D9D387E0FBFA938B" box="[1008,1122,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F65F0062D9D387E0FBFA938B" box="[1008,1122,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="710">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j)). Parameres, in lateral view, strongly concave at middle, ventrally without ventrobasal carina (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDAD081F6FEC79581" box="[243,351,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDAD081F6FEC79581" box="[243,351,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(j)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F640007DDA8381BFFDBF9459" blockId="48.[160,1157,248,482]" box="[160,551,248,274]" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F640007DDA8381BFFDBF9459" bold="true" box="[160,551,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">
|
||||
Female description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDBB381BFFE659459" box="[400,509,248,274]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DDBB381BFFE659459" box="[400,509,248,274]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(k))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ Known from
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F640007DDB988374FDCD9707" box="[443,597,563,588]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Patagonia) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD8CD8374FCC39707" box="[750,859,563,588]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F640007DD8CD8374FCC39707" box="[750,859,563,588]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="711">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F640007DD9C68374FF7E9724" author="Ratcliffe BC & Cave RD & Le Tirant S" pageId="48" pageNumber="711" pagination="1 - 486" refId="ref36941" refString="Ratcliffe BC, Cave RD, Le Tirant S. 2023. The dynastine scarab beetles of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin Univer Nebraska State Museum. 34: 1-486." type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||||
Ratcliffe
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="9263D6ADA57C6930AA6F6F2FD608C3BD">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="926860DA9D6F614856466676740DCB61">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="818C9E8313D590CBC7D23FAF8B2C61D3">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="68EF49F25056DD15D0F986FB3A3F287A">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F666005BDB8C8227FCEC9630" box="[431,884,864,891]" pageId="22" pageNumber="685" type="nomenclature">
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@ -66,7 +67,7 @@
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F666005BDAFB82D6FC6B9028" pageId="22" pageNumber="685" type="description">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F666005BDAFB82D6FBD396E7" blockId="22.[216,1099,913,940]" box="[216,1099,913,940]" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDAFC82D6FECB96E7" box="[223,339,913,940]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDAFC82D6FECB96E7" box="[223,339,913,940]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c), 3(d), 5(b,f), 11(b), 12(b), 13(d), 14(d), 15(e), 19(g), 20(a), 25)
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="970D8122F666005BDA8382ACFE08914E" blockId="22.[160,1155,1003,1099]" box="[160,400,1003,1029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">
|
||||
|
|
@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ Abadie
|
|||
. 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pl. 13 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDA8B8460FE9D900B" box="[168,261,1319,1344]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDA8B8460FE9D900B" box="[168,261,1319,1344]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
, distribution);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F666005BDB898460FD2A900B" author="Lopez-Garcia MM & Gasca-Alvarez HJ & Cave RD & Amat-Garcia G" box="[426,690,1319,1344]" pageId="22" pageNumber="685" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref36662" refString="Lopez-Garcia MM, Gasca-Alvarez HJ, Cave RD, Amat-Garcia G. 2016. An annotated checklist of the new world Pentodontini scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa. 4170 (3): 491-509. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.4." type="journal article" year="2016">López-García 2016: 496</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
|
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|
|
@ -138,13 +139,13 @@ by the aspect of clypeus with subtriangular format, strongly narrowed laterally,
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F666005BD9BE8778FB979313" box="[925,1039,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">B. cyclops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Protarsomere 5 of male abruptly widened towards apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BD86D87C2FD4F93D5" box="[590,727,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 11b</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BD86D87C2FD4F93D5" box="[590,727,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 11b</figureCitation>
|
||||
); parameres without apical plate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDA8B87E0FE82938B" box="[168,282,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDA8B87E0FE82938B" box="[168,282,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); tergite 8 of female entirely covered with setae arranged on its entire surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005ADB258429FEE190CC" box="[262,377,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005ADB258429FEE190CC" box="[262,377,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)), combined with a discal region bearing coarse rugopuncture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005ADA8B84D6FE8390E1" box="[168,283,1425,1450]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005ADA8B84D6FE8390E1" box="[168,283,1425,1450]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)). The parameres of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F667005AD81384D6FD3990E1" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[560,673,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyclops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F667005AD81384D6FD3990E1" box="[560,673,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">B. cyclops</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Protarsomere 5 of m
|
|||
is unique within the ascanius group in being without apical plate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF667005ADA838534FCE69056" pageId="23" pageNumber="686" startId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" targetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF667005ADA838534FCE69056" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="686" startId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" targetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F667005ADA838534FCE69056" blockId="23.[160,1156,1139,1309]" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F667005ADA838534FE9E91C1" bold="true" box="[160,262,1139,1162]" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ preserved at HNHM is recognised by a green label on its left side, handwritten b
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F667005ADA868725FF6F9330" box="[165,247,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Cyclops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*/Guyan. Frk’. (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005ADB808725FD9B9330" box="[419,515,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005ADB808725FD9B9330" box="[419,515,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F667005AD81B8725FD079330" box="[568,671,1634,1659]" pageId="23" pageNumber="686" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
male, labelled: (a) ‘Jhtt’. [green label]; (b) ‘
|
||||
|
|
@ -245,10 +246,10 @@ male, labelled: (a) ‘Jhtt’. [green label]; (b) ‘
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005AD9B787E0FC68938B" box="[916,1008,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F667005AD9B787E0FC68938B" box="[916,1008,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="686">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6680055DA83846FFC439017" pageId="24" pageNumber="687" startId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" targetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6680055DA83846FFC439017" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="687" startId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" targetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6680055DA83846FFC439017" blockId="24.[160,1156,1320,1372]" pageId="24" pageNumber="687">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6680055DA83846FFE9F9074" bold="true" box="[160,263,1320,1343]" pageId="24" pageNumber="687">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6680055DB2D846FFE599074" box="[270,449,1320,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Hapalopteridae" genus="Spiculum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caloneurodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="687" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastrale">Spiculum gastrale</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ leg
|
|||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6690054DA838433FC369370" pageId="25" pageNumber="688" startId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" targetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6690054DA838433FC369370" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="688" startId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" targetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6690054DA838433FC369370" blockId="25.[160,1156,1396,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="688">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6690054DA838433FE9390C0" bold="true" box="[160,267,1396,1419]" pageId="25" pageNumber="688">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -968,7 +969,7 @@ leg
|
|||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66A0057DA83842DFD7C90BC" pageId="26" pageNumber="689" startId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" targetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66A0057DA83842DFD7C90BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="689" startId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" targetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66A0057DA83842DFD7C90BC" blockId="26.[159,1155,1386,1527]" pageId="26" pageNumber="689">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66A0057DA83842DFE9190CA" bold="true" box="[160,265,1386,1409]" pageId="26" pageNumber="689">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
Parameres in lateral view: (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1065,7 +1066,7 @@ Parameres in lateral view: (a)
|
|||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66B0056DA838487FE7C9364" pageId="27" pageNumber="690" startId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" targetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66B0056DA838487FE7C9364" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="690" startId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" targetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66B0056DA838487FE7C9364" blockId="27.[160,1155,1472,1583]" pageId="27" pageNumber="690">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66B0056DA838487FE90909C" bold="true" box="[160,264,1472,1495]" pageId="27" pageNumber="690">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female dorsal habitus: (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1131,7 +1132,7 @@ Female dorsal habitus: (a)
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66C0051DA8383D1FD9497FB" blockId="28.[160,1157,662,1728]" box="[160,524,662,688]" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66C0051DA8383D1FD9497FB" bold="true" box="[160,524,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66C0051DBAF83D1FE7497FB" box="[396,492,662,688]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66C0051DBAF83D1FE7497FB" box="[396,492,662,688]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1146,7 +1147,7 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Clypeus subtriangular (posterior width about 4.0–4.7 times wider than anterior); lateral margins sinuous, constricted laterally towards anterior half; anterior teeth conical, usually pointed on apex; surface transversely rugose, glabrous. Frontoclypeal carina usually arched. Frons strongly rugose; rugosity arched, transversely arranged; setae scarce; posterior area smooth. Interocular width about 3.7 times transverse eye diameters. Ocular canthus from rectangular to subtriangular.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66C0051D8B482CDFC8D96E8" box="[663,789,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Apical and medial mandibular teeth tapered, strongly raised, slightly back produced laterally to clypeus, both separated by a deep gap (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66C0051DB798288FE2296A3" box="[346,442,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66C0051DB798288FE2296A3" box="[346,442,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b, f)); medial tooth larger than apical; mandibular basal tooth subtriangular, smaller. Maxillary galea bearing 4–5 pointed teeth increasing in size from basal to apical tooth. Labium subtriangular, mostly rugopunctate, densely setose laterally, scarcely setose on disc.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66C0051DB968570FD85911B" box="[437,541,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1156,7 +1157,7 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Scutellar plate parabolic, usually smooth. Elytra deeply striated; each stria bearing large, deep, ocellate, dense punctures, spaced about 1–2 puncture diameters apart; interstriae convex, nearly smooth, except for scarce punctures, denser on juxtasutural interstria.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66C0051DB728428FE1990C3" box="[337,385,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, with inner branch larger and longer compared to outer one. Protarsomere 5 abruptly widening towards apex, ventral area bearing a subapical, pointed process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66C0051D8A484F2FD689085" box="[647,752,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66C0051D8A484F2FD689085" box="[647,752,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)). Mesofemur bearing a disc with scarce setae ventrally arranged. Ventral area of metafemur bearing glabrous disc. Meso- and metatibia usually with 2 carinae produced on outer surface. Metatibial apex broader compared to mesotibia.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66C0051DBE4875AFDAA937D" box="[455,562,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="691">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by numerous striae, well marked and separated into 2 bands by a midline; striae well marked on anterior area, becoming barely marked and merged towards posterior margin. Tergite 8 glabrous, surrounded by dense wrinkles; disc densely punctate; punctures from small to minute, oval, transverse. Sternite 3 completely setose; sternites 4–7 with dense and setose punctures on sides, disc weakly punctate; sternite 8 with dense punctures and scarce setae confined on corners, disc finely punctate and glabrous.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1164,19 +1165,19 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66D0050D96A81F6FB929581" box="[841,1034,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Y-shaped; medial branch rounded apically, usually wider compared to lateral branches (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DE3B8193FB1B95A6" box="[1048,1155,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DE3B8193FB1B95A6" box="[1048,1155,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)). Hemisternite formed by 2 oval, transverse, contiguous plates, covered with about 18 setae on apical margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66D0050DB8E805EFD8E9479" box="[429,534,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, smooth, wide at basal half, constricted laterally to a narrow apical half, without apical lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050D9A7807BFC68941E" box="[900,1008,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050D9A7807BFC68941E" box="[900,1008,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)). In lateral view, arched dorsally, ventrally bearing a basal carina produced laterally, apex slightly deflexed, acute (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DB7980C6FE5E94D1" box="[346,454,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DB7980C6FE5E94D1" box="[346,454,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66D0050DA83808FFDA694A9" blockId="29.[160,1156,456,690]" box="[160,574,456,482]" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66D0050DA83808FFDA694A9" bold="true" box="[160,574,456,482]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">
|
||||
Female redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DB8B808FFD8D94A9" box="[424,533,456,482]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DB8B808FFD8D94A9" box="[424,533,456,482]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1197,9 +1198,9 @@ Female redescription (
|
|||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, equal to outer claw.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66D0050D8E38313FCB19726" box="[704,809,596,621]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 8 bearing scarce setae scattered on entire surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DBC98330FDC197DB" box="[490,601,631,656]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DBC98330FDC197DB" box="[490,601,631,656]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(g)); surface nearly entirely rugose, except for a coarsely rugopunctate disc (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DBFD83DEFDD197F9" box="[478,585,665,690]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DBFD83DEFDD197F9" box="[478,585,665,690]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1226,7 +1227,7 @@ Female redescription (
|
|||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F66D0050DB038260FE5F960B" box="[288,455,807,832]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DBFE8260FDD0960B" box="[477,584,807,832]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@51.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 25. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus cyclops and Bothynu gisae sp. n." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DBFE8260FDD0960B" box="[477,584,807,832]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="51.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@51.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 25. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus cyclops and Bothynu gisae sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971607/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There are records from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F66D0050D94C8260FC46960B" box="[879,990,807,832]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="B713C5C32FD0E59D9DB890E4489EF997">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58A3BD068345EA15CAC05D0CE34DD385">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52044374BDC0F2A04611686AB1866018">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="05FC77B7F04D1B68C10599089925A690">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F871A58266A3B9FBF7D6C12837A620B">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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|
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8471D0F46CFC74646282E6BDDA2CB24C">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="2594C5A3798EB8B93DD432C75EBC370B">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8E484DE4F429CC2BF588BC7BD89CAF0C">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="DC1DB5DE4FB51CC6F78399C3FE481014">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:namePart id="0B2083AAA06C89A3D256BA9C2A4465C6">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BBE49E50DFED72DCDDAF206C1324C55F">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD63C0F47383AAB7B1ABACC0864B1BED">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3C45860F067A9CCA9F591ED07992CD9">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="72CCC1594CB6D343EFF52F92FCD08C32">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="3C67BE437F25F94564C3FEFE068FCD55">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9005DF2E80087AF8382183CEE07BD904">
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<mods:date id="03C8CC6308B7C19A695EA35CCF331B13">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA001DCE11CBE098E8A7F5C9A565D684">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="12AB4F58D6E17F62A95CB6584599E446" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1F1B3034F66D006FDB9B8530FE27974E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F66D006FDB9B8530FE27974E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F66D006FDB9B8530FE27974E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="697" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F66D0050DB9B8530FCF391D9" box="[440,875,1143,1170]" pageId="29" pageNumber="692" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F66D0050DA8A85EEFE8E90A6" pageId="29" pageNumber="692" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="970D8122F66D0050DA8A85EEFBE2918F" blockId="29.[169,1146,1193,1220]" box="[169,1146,1193,1220]" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DA9285EEFEBB918F" box="[177,291,1193,1220]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DA9285EEFEBB918F" box="[177,291,1193,1220]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d), 3(e), 8(b), 9(c,d), 11(c,d), 13(e,s), 14(e), 15(f), 16(h), 18(c), 21(b), 22)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66D0050DA838444FE0B9056" blockId="29.[160,1156,1283,1517]" box="[160,403,1283,1309]" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">
|
||||
|
|
@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ Abadie
|
|||
. 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pl. 13 (dorsal habitus [
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050D83984F6FDE39081" box="[538,635,1457,1482]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050D83984F6FDE39081" box="[538,635,1457,1482]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
], distribution).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F66D0050D90C84F6FB1B9081" author="Lopez-Garcia MM & Gasca-Alvarez HJ & Cave RD & Amat-Garcia G" box="[815,1155,1457,1482]" pageId="29" pageNumber="692" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref36662" refString="Lopez-Garcia MM, Gasca-Alvarez HJ, Cave RD, Amat-Garcia G. 2016. An annotated checklist of the new world Pentodontini scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa. 4170 (3): 491-509. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.4." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
López-García
|
||||
|
|
@ -114,15 +115,15 @@ resembles
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66D0050DBD98778FDFF9313" box="[506,615,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">B. laticifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but the former is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Posterior region of the prontal concavity interrupted at middle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DA8B87C2FE9E93D5" box="[168,262,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DA8B87C2FE9E93D5" box="[168,262,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); posterior corners of the male pronotum strongly rugopunctate or rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DA8B87E0FE9F938B" box="[168,263,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66D0050DA8B87E0FE9F938B" box="[168,263,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="692">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); inner protarsal claw of male with elongated outer branch, surpassing the basal half of the inner one in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D86F8524FD2D9137" box="[588,693,1123,1148]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D86F8524FD2D9137" box="[588,693,1123,1148]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); dorsal surface of parameres covered with well-impressed punctures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D82E85C1FDE191D4" box="[525,633,1158,1183]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D82E85C1FDE191D4" box="[525,633,1158,1183]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)); basal sides of parameres with constricted sides in frontal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053DBB185EEFE649189" box="[402,508,1193,1218]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053DBB185EEFE649189" box="[402,508,1193,1218]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(s)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F66E0053D80885EEFC909189" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[555,776,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66E0053D80885EEFC909189" box="[555,776,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Bothynus cylindricus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -136,17 +137,17 @@ also can be confused with minor specimens of
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66E0053DBCC858CFDE291AF" box="[495,634,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">B. cylindricus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be separated by the following characters: Interocular width about 4.1–4.4 transverse eye diameter in both sexes; male pronotum with cavity interrupted at middle of posterior edge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D8CC8456FCD49061" box="[751,844,1297,1322]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D8CC8456FCD49061" box="[751,844,1297,1322]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)) in both sexes; large and dense punctures on the sides of male pronotum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D8FB8474FCAE9007" box="[728,822,1331,1356]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D8FB8474FCAE9007" box="[728,822,1331,1356]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c, d));
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F66E0053D9A08474FBD19007" box="[899,1097,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Hapalopteridae" genus="Spiculum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caloneurodea" pageId="30" pageNumber="687" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastrale">spiculum gastrale</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with subequal branches (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053DBA08411FE769024" box="[387,494,1366,1391]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053DBA08411FE769024" box="[387,494,1366,1391]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66E0053DA838290FE299162" pageId="30" pageNumber="693" startId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" targetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66E0053DA838290FE299162" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693" startId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" targetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66E0053DA838290FE299162" blockId="30.[159,1155,983,1065]" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66E0053DA838290FE9D96A5" bold="true" box="[160,261,983,1006]" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female dorsal habitus (continuation): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ male, here designated, labelled: (a) ‘
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D9248771FCFB9304" box="[775,867,1590,1615]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F66E0053D9248771FCFB9304" box="[775,867,1590,1615]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="693">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F66E0053D9B18771FBB49304" box="[914,1068,1590,1615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="693" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
female, here designated, labelled: (a) ‘SYN/TYPE’ [rounded label, bordered in blue]; (b) ‘Fry/Rio Jan’. [handwritten]; (c) ‘Fry. Coll/1905.100’. [handwritten]
|
||||
|
|
@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ female, here designated, labelled: (a) ‘SYN/TYPE’ [rounded label, bordered i
|
|||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66F0052DA8384BFFE7F932C" pageId="31" pageNumber="694" startId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" targetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF66F0052DA8384BFFE7F932C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="694" startId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" targetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F66F0052DA8384BFFE7F932C" blockId="31.[160,1156,1528,1639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F66F0052DA8384BFFE9E9344" bold="true" box="[160,262,1528,1551]" pageId="31" pageNumber="694">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||||
Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b)
|
||||
|
|
@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF66F0052DB8E8717FE7F932C" box="[429,487,1616,1639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="694" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF650006DDA8385CBFECB91B0" pageId="32" pageNumber="695" startId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" targetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF650006DDA8385CBFECB91B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="695" startId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" targetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F650006DDA8385CBFECB91B0" blockId="32.[160,1157,1164,1275]" pageId="32" pageNumber="695">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F650006DDA8385CBFE9291E8" bold="true" box="[160,266,1164,1187]" pageId="32" pageNumber="695">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ leg
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F651006CDA8381C9FD8B95E3" blockId="33.[160,1156,142,1381]" box="[160,531,142,168]" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CDA8381C9FD8B95E3" bold="true" box="[160,531,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDBAF81C9FE7495E3" box="[396,492,142,168]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDBAF81C9FE7495E3" box="[396,492,142,168]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -483,19 +484,19 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Mandible with apical and medial teeth subtriangular, basal tooth lobed; apical tooth diagonally truncated on apex. Labium subtriangular, slightly rounded laterally; sides setose, disc weakly rugose.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CD8B3834BFD63976E" box="[656,763,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotum with anterior tubercle small, conical, rounded apically; cavity small, rounded, shallow confined on anterior disc (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDA8B8315FE9D9720" box="[168,261,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDA8B8315FE9D9720" box="[168,261,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)); posterior limit of cavity interrupted at middle in laterodorsal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDE048315FB1B9720" box="[1063,1155,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDE048315FB1B9720" box="[1063,1155,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); pronotal sides with dense, large, contiguous punctures, coalescent near margins; posterior disc with minute punctures; transverse area close to posterior margin from rugopunctate to rugose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDB9983FDFD8F9798" box="[442,535,698,723]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDB9983FDFD8F9798" box="[442,535,698,723]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); cavity nearly entirely rugose, except for the posterior limit covered with large, transverse, C-shaped punctures.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CD97B839BFC4F97BE" box="[856,983,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Elytral surface with well-marked striae, covered with small, ocellate punctures; punctures contiguous on sutural stria, from contiguous to 1 puncture diameter apart on other striae; interstriae with minute punctures.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CDB598203FE329616" box="[378,426,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal bent downward nearly 90° (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD98E8203FB819616" box="[941,1049,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD98E8203FB819616" box="[941,1049,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d); outer branch acute, elongated, surpassing the basal half of the inner one in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD9D08220FBC296CB" box="[1011,1114,871,896]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD9D08220FBC296CB" box="[1011,1114,871,896]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)); inner branch broader compared to outer one. Protarsomere 5 bearing a triangular, subapical, ventral process. Mesofemora with glabrous ventral disc. Meso- and metatibiae only with a middle carina.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CDBF08288FDA496A3" box="[467,572,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of numerous finely marked, transverse striae. Tergite 8 glabrous, rugose on sides and a transverse area close to anterior margin, disc with shallow, transverse punctures. Sternites 4–7 with moderately punctate and weakly setose sides, discal area smooth; sternite 8 bearing smooth disc, sides weakly rugopunctate.
|
||||
|
|
@ -503,21 +504,21 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CD966851DFB909138" box="[837,1032,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Y-shaped; branches subequal in length; medial branch narrow at basis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD960853BFC3391DE" box="[835,939,1148,1173]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD960853BFC3391DE" box="[835,939,1148,1173]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). Hemisternite in shape of an inverted, transverse triangle; apical margin bearing 5–7 setae on apical margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CDADF8585FEFD9190" box="[252,357,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in caudal view, rugopunctate; basal half rhomboid-shaped; apical half strongly constricted lateroventrally; apical lobes broad rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD9D385A3FBC291B6" box="[1008,1114,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD9D385A3FBC291B6" box="[1008,1114,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)). Parameres, in frontal view, with narrow basal sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD8D68440FCFA906B" box="[757,866,1287,1312]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD8D68440FCFA906B" box="[757,866,1287,1312]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(m)). Parameres, in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDAC1846DFED49008" box="[226,332,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDAC1846DFED49008" box="[226,332,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)), ventrally with a small carina at basis; apex weakly deflexed; subapical area behind lobe strongly depressed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F651006CDA8384E6FDBA90F0" blockId="33.[160,1156,1441,1675]" box="[160,546,1441,1467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CDA8384E6FDBA90F0" bold="true" box="[160,546,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
Female description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDBB384E6FE6690F0" box="[400,510,1441,1467]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CDBB384E6FE6690F0" box="[400,510,1441,1467]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ Female description (
|
|||
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Tarsomere 5 with no ventral process.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F651006CD96C8708FC209323" box="[847,952,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Sternite 8 nearly entirely rugose, with moderated setae transversely arranged (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD9758735FC5893C0" box="[854,960,1650,1675]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F651006CD9758735FC5893C0" box="[854,960,1650,1675]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="696">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -554,7 +555,7 @@ Female description (
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F652006FDE7981F5FF7895A6" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FDAD68193FEC795A6" box="[245,351,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F652006FDAD68193FEC795A6" box="[245,351,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="697">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. There are records from
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
<document id="82A0BA3F7442E8AEC7B79178B3F0A8CC" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1741162724802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M., Dupuis, Fabien & Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2025" docId="1F1B3034F6760045DB1E82A7FDF4973F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.663-737.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bothynus arriagadae Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="671" masterDocId="E322484CF670004DDA238147FF98954B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group" masterLastPageNumber="737" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="669" updateTime="1741163856715" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D25F45DEF6C551C35FB305A291CA19B9">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="7692A75FE3266C9C19BB6781E51CE58A">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="96661EF7D1EB83A529C4F43C224EB875" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25F7A86B274A6C43AB043052047D79C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B10FBFB89862B2588E82EFCC0D64C407">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="39A21FCA629EB27F12DA02EFF1CC7E08">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="14847DE7ADC3A2205AAA37ED49FCAA7E">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="009F19DAF17C58A51B39D8924B4CFE32">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="4205F80379803167E69114989E6BE0CA" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="654CF03466957C64BDCC91EF578088FB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AEEDE6CAE60A430C08248BE55DEDC1C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="C157365A0918EED7D6BE7D09C0BB65F4">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="0B85CAD83365F69FF05DE9A73A2DA168">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="6B4BF41815889005E4B0351E5DFA1C80">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="BEB9D3B70E37A2ED16333A30DD12B0CA">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="D88C9D9332CAE3BA7761FCA8C41F0496" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B12A5DBAC6F405DBA0B2954FA6AA88E8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A2ADD7180619CD9BAF73831538075422">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E690EA51274B0D5EEABA91C0742B0CD2">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="8DC2F99C56FABCF93346888C9924B79C">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="DE2BEBD4399BE0841FB10065242E5948">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="996304BF3B18AD3C8A8C4C01BAFC6173">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="92E8A3C58771B88B93E690B1184C4F8D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C328EBCC147BB5A329761B29E710E89">
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<mods:title id="05A0DC1240303844ABC5E7816EA167D7">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DEBEC4A8C6A6718E1EC5DEA7117625E9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="72433DB09FD55DA000E776CDED333495">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="40F38A78BB9BF76596235FA15C3D0D4B">
|
||||
<mods:date id="03C1E44700833764D14F5ADB26D0A998">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="18D67A45ED5F030B77F9531E900CDD1C" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="DEEFD074FC6EF622CFBC4D3CBABBE527">2025-02-24</mods:number>
|
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<mods:part id="80C82949AE3247494B499F2F84FAB078">
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<mods:date id="ECECBCB640041B4282FF76FDCB98EE5B">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="640B3FDA0D7E7B6494E499C601233BBF" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="CFE3CC4739CB838946A542FFA07C70C2">2025-02-24</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="99AEA1A8C61CDC66C7013F716474DC3A" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="8885D8B51378AF7F6DC53E1DD0464BA0">59</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="347217A5BA5CC0EDC1356C110C2A802E" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="4DF3CD47B72CA322C520CD8744E2D5D7">59</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="EB77AD4257087A0BDE5073601AAE9C1B" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="69FD498328718F19DB301173998D30B1">9 - 12</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="EEAC41B5B7F3775491AE30D57BDD87BA" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A07E1A333097800A0FCB035BB564B38B">9 - 12</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="E461FD6AADC256A80013C302DCE09BBE" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="945B4B12B359A912C33D97D1DF876BD4">663</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="85D6077A91AC546CADC70F7AF94E8319">737</mods:end>
|
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<mods:extent id="DA66F99F455924B02220C6911A281FC7" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="2E6963146D7A858C13DFCC82085A5C67">663</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="3094CA3AF162F9FC0011AB066F922CC4">737</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="DD1361CDE672F04420E0AF052E04C925">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="1391E2CC94F1954CB6B181B187684C94" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="51825D17777567CFCDB80029421396CA" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="7C0638311F86200AB38EF36184F0F957">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="273D037E79902DB7FBD107316720655E" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2D04D86A098E25A08D5A56D5DC13E98A" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="CBCEB6A7852669C5AC54F0BBEC9B824B" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
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||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="1F1B3034F6760045DB1E82A7FDF4973F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6760045DB1E82A7FDF4973F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F6760045DB1E82A7FDF4973F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="671" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F676004BDB1E82A7FC7E96B0" box="[317,998,992,1019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F676004BDB5582B8FC359151" box="[374,941,1023,1050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDB5582B8FC359151" blockId="6.[317,998,992,1050]" box="[374,941,1023,1050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDB5D82B8FE779151" box="[382,495,1023,1050]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDB5D82B8FE779151" box="[382,495,1023,1050]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a), 7(a), 10(d), 13(a), 14(a), 15(a), 22)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -87,11 +88,11 @@ can be separated from the other species of the
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BD9E5853CFBA391DF" box="[966,1083,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">B. ascanius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group by the following combination of characters: Galea of mandible formed by small, serrated teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDACB8587FEDA9192" box="[232,322,1216,1241]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDACB8587FEDA9192" box="[232,322,1216,1241]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)); margin of elytral epipleura indistinct in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BD9888587FB8C9192" box="[939,1044,1216,1241]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BD9888587FB8C9192" box="[939,1044,1216,1241]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)); apical lobes of parameres narrow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDBF485A4FDA791B7" box="[471,575,1251,1276]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDBF485A4FDA791B7" box="[471,575,1251,1276]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ at CEMT with same data as the holotype
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BDA83875BFDB7937D" bold="true" box="[160,559,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F676004BDA83875BFE93937D" box="[160,267,1564,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDB86875BFD9E937D" box="[421,518,1564,1590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDB86875BFD9E937D" box="[421,518,1564,1590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ description (
|
|||
: Clypeus triangular, transverse, twice as wide as long; anterior teeth small, lobed, contiguous, separated by a poorly apparent emargination (seen under high 20× magnification); surface strongly rugose, transverse, covered with sparse, small setae. Frontoclypeal carina distinct, weakly interrupted at middle. Frons strongly rugose, rugosity concentrical; setae denser, longer than those on clypeus. Interocular width about 4.2 times transverse eye diameters. Ocular canthus transverse, subtriangular.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F677004AD80381B1FD069444" box="[544,670,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mandible with 3 lobed teeth produced on outer margin; middle tooth wider than apical one, basal tooth smaller than apical and subapical ones. Maxillary galea with small, serrated teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD916807BFC0A941E" box="[821,914,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD916807BFC0A941E" box="[821,914,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)). Labium subtriangular, strongly, concentrically rugose, covered with sparse setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F677004AD94C8019FC4F943C" box="[879,983,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined.
|
||||
|
|
@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ description (
|
|||
: Pronotum, in dorsal view, with anterior tubercle small, conical; cavity subtriangular, confined to anterior disc; pronotal sides broadly rounded, surface from anterior to posterior region close to lateral margins covered with scarce, yellowish, erect setae; anterior pronotal surface with C-shaped, transverse, large, dense, coalescent punctures; posterior surface with large, dense, contiguous punctures close to lateral margins, gradually becoming sparser and smaller towards posterior disc. Pronotum, in lateral view, with declivous anterior region, posterior convex.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F677004ADADE8333FEE497C6" box="[253,380,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Scutellar plate triangular, transverse, about 2 times wider than long; anterior margin slightly produced towards posterior region. Elytra with 10 longitudinal striae; discal striae well marked compared to lateral ones; juxtasutural stria with small punctures, predominantly contiguous, other striae with larger and sparser punctures compared to juxtasutural ones; interstriae with irregular punctures; lateral margins with scarce, erect, yellowish setae; epipleura without defined lateral border (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD9968266FB869671" box="[949,1054,801,826]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD9968266FB869671" box="[949,1054,801,826]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F677004ADE6D8266FBE69671" box="[1102,1150,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, with inner branch wider and longer than outer one. Protarsomere 5 subequal in length than protarsomeres 3–4 combined, bearing a small, subapical, triangular, inner process; protarsomeres 2–4 subequals in length; protarsomere 1 two times longer than tarsomere 2. Protibia with 3 teeth produced on outer margin; apical tooth longer than other ones, basal tooth smaller than medial one. Mesotasomere 5 subequal in length to mesotarsomeres 3–4 combined; mesotarsomeres 1–4 gradually decreasing in size. Mesotibia with angularly projected apex; middle carina strongly produced, with lobed tooth on apex; basal carina absent. Metatarsomeres similar to mesotasomeres. Mesotibia with sinuate apex; broader compared to mesotibia. Metafemur broadly oval, celarly wider than mesofemur; surface with small, scarce punctures.
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,9 +185,9 @@ description (
|
|||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by a band of innumerous, transverse, complete, finely marked striae. Tergite 8 entirely covered with concentrical, strong rugosity (stronger on anterior region); anterior region transversely covered with a fringe of yellowish setae; posterior region bearing scarcer setae. Sternites 4–8 (combined) subequal in length to longitudinal midline of metaventrite; sternites 5–8 with transversely covered with yellowish, small setae (shorter in length than respective sternite); sternite 7 with an incomplete row of long setae (longer than respective sternite); sternite 8 transversely covered with long setae (longer than respective sternite) on posterior margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F677004ADA8384F3FE939086" box="[160,267,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in dorsal view, smooth, elongate, bearing rounded basal half, lateroventrally constricted apical half; apical lobes narrow, subparallel (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD9C98491FBC390A4" box="[1002,1115,1494,1519]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD9C98491FBC390A4" box="[1002,1115,1494,1519]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)). Parameres, in lateral view, convex dorsally, rounded apically, ventrally with a basal process, followed by a small excavation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD84F875BFD4E937E" box="[620,726,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004AD84F875BFD4E937E" box="[620,726,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ Variation in the
|
|||
Female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F677004ADADF87C2FEF493D5" box="[252,364,1669,1694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="670" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004ADB5E87C2FE7393D5" box="[381,491,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F677004ADB5E87C2FE7393D5" box="[381,491,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="670">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)) differ from
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F677004AD8BE87C2FC9B93D5" box="[669,771,1669,1694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="670" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
in the following aspects:
|
||||
|
|
@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ Only known from
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F6780045DBCB8078FDD09413" box="[488,584,319,344]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">San Luis</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045D87E8078FD5E9413" box="[605,710,319,344]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045D87E8078FD5E9413" box="[605,710,319,344]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="58E4BF617A978B6B5276F66FB355FA24">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC6D3899933D0B13A00ED181D1C4CC7E">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="977FE8F1D5A69D26F43DE4C8BCDB4FFA">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB761A208335B03C2F7C055BF852A284">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4009E41B72C30783E2472A53268F0491">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2AE391BB0AD4E8B3A4CA92C9DBA2804">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="258EE10EB8050135B7A72F85668691ED">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
<mods:end id="C1281ED298106962ECA7A1C380965D93">737</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2DDC0418CC1DA736B90959AE09CBC212">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="81EB600B319E4986A75D62B04084231D" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A4744329725FD4F4E6F7696BEDE971ED" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="6E081585A3675C17CA85CF1506ADBC66">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A2722B0B6E5C52C0CABCC6BF3612D30F" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D7657EE91EC937B8BB5AF0BE688DE9B3" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C0F88D85A0737074490BA2B9FC1F2E14" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="1F1B3034F67D0043DB78809CFDF7900E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F67D0043DB78809CFDF7900E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F67D0043DB78809CFDF7900E" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F67D0040DB78809CFC5094BD" box="[347,968,475,502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
|
|
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi
|
|||
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F67D0040DB9D8349FCFE9762" box="[446,870,526,553]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F67D0040DB9D8349FCFE9762" blockId="13.[446,870,526,553]" box="[446,870,526,553]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DBE78349FDA09762" box="[452,568,526,553]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DBE78349FDA09762" box="[452,568,526,553]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a), 15(c), 19(f), 21(a), 24)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -87,21 +88,21 @@ is quite similar to
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040D8A283CAFD7997ED" box="[641,737,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. fabius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in overall appearance, but the new species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Presence of setae scattered over the entire surface of clypeus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D8AD8395FD7297A0" box="[654,746,722,747]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D8AD8395FD7297A0" box="[654,746,722,747]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)); presence of long setae scattered on tergite 8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DB0E83B2FE0E9645" box="[301,406,757,782]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DB0E83B2FE0E9645" box="[301,406,757,782]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)); sternite 8 covered with long setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D96183B2FC309645" box="[834,936,757,782]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D96183B2FC309645" box="[834,936,757,782]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040D9FB83B2FB1C9645" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[984,1156,757,782]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040D9FB83B2FB1C9645" box="[984,1156,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
instead has a glabrous clypeus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D8278250FDC7967B" box="[516,607,791,816]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D8278250FDC7967B" box="[516,607,791,816]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)), and both tergite 8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D94B8250FC4A967B" box="[872,978,791,816]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D94B8250FC4A967B" box="[872,978,791,816]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)) and sternite 8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DA9E827DFEBF9618" box="[189,295,826,851]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DA9E827DFEBF9618" box="[189,295,826,851]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d)) are glabrous.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ col’
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DA8385D9FDA291F3" bold="true" box="[160,570,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67D0040DA8385D9FE9391F3" box="[160,267,1182,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
description (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DB8685D9FD8A91F3" box="[421,530,1182,1208]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040DB8685D9FD8A91F3" box="[421,530,1182,1208]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ description (
|
|||
: Nearly entirely black, except for dark reddish tarsi.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DAFD85A2FE8F91B5" box="[222,279,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Clypeus subtriangular, posterior width 3.2 times wider than anterior width; lateral margins sinuous, convergent, constricted at anterior half; anterior teeth small, subtriangular; surface strongly rugopunctate, with moderate setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D9D2846DFBC19008" box="[1009,1113,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67D0040D9D2846DFBC19008" box="[1009,1113,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)). Frontoclypeal carina arched, well marked. Frons densely rugopunctate, densely setose on an area just behind frontoclypeal carina, nearly smooth posteriorly on a transverse area between eyes. Interocular width equals 3.9 transverse eye diameters. Ocular canthus with arched anterior margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DBE184F2FDDA9085" box="[450,578,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mandibles bearing 3 small, subtriangular teeth, rounded apically. Labium subtriangular, densely setose.
|
||||
|
|
@ -213,9 +214,9 @@ description (
|
|||
: Protibial teeth broadly rounded apically; surface longitudinally rugose at basis of teeth. Meso- and metatibia bearing only a medial carina obliquely produced on outer surface; basal carina absents.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67E0043D94281B1FC539444" box="[865,971,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with middle area of posterior margin slightly produced on tergite 8; stridulatory apparatus formed by 2 bands of innumerous, transverse, well-marked striae, separated at middle of anterior half, becoming merged and finely marked towards posterior half. Tergite 8 subtriangular, bearing scarce, long (as long as the longitudinal length of sternite 8 at middle), yellowish setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB9D80E3FDB194F6" box="[446,553,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB9D80E3FDB194F6" box="[446,553,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(f)); surface strongly rugose on sides, becoming finely rugopunctate towards an area close to anterior margin, discal region finely punctate. Sternites 4–7 transversely covered with long, yellowish setae; Sternite 8 bearing a brush of yellowish setae transversely arranged anteriorly half, posterior half glabrous, densely rugopunctate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB6A8369FE29970C" box="[329,433,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB6A8369FE29970C" box="[329,433,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
(a)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ do not vary significantly from the
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67E0043DB6A82D8FE2996F3" box="[329,433,927,952]" name="Paraguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB9C82D8FDB196F3" box="[447,553,927,952]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB9C82D8FDB196F3" box="[447,553,927,952]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,54 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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@ -66,7 +67,7 @@
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(
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB588483FE689094" box="[379,496,1476,1503]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB588483FE689094" box="[379,496,1476,1503]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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(b), 3(c), 13(c), 14(c), 15(d), 18(b), 22)
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</paragraph>
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|
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@ -115,16 +116,16 @@ designation, distribution);
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<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67E0043DB0787C2FD2893D5" author="Duarte PRM & Grossi PC" box="[292,688,1669,1694]" pageId="14" pageNumber="677" pagination="290 - 292" refId="ref35838" refString="Duarte PRM, Grossi PC. 2016. Rediscovery of Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae, Pentodontini): description of the male and precision local data. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 60 (4): 290-292. doi:10.1016/j.rbe.2016.07.001." type="journal article" year="2016">Duarte and Grossi 2016: 291–292</bibRefCitation>
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(male description, illustrations of male [
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<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DA8B87E0FEB1938B" box="[168,297,1703,1728]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionStartId-1="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionStartId-2="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1145,496,1610]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId-0="figure-108@4.[163,1153,487,1614]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Figure 1. Morphological characters of the Bothynus ascanius species group: (a) dorsal view of head (mouthparts removed); (b) internal view of the female tergite 8 (black arrow indicates the absence of the internal plate)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." captionText-2="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DA8B87E0FEB1938B" box="[168,297,1703,1728]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionStartId-1="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionStartId-2="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1145,496,1610]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId-0="figure-108@4.[163,1153,487,1614]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Figure 1. Morphological characters of the Bothynus ascanius species group: (a) dorsal view of head (mouthparts removed); (b) internal view of the female tergite 8 (black arrow indicates the absence of the internal plate)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." captionText-2="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971555" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14971555/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB1587E0FE20938B" box="[310,440,1703,1728]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStart-2="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionStartId-1="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionStartId-2="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetId-1="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." captionText-1="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." captionText-2="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043DB1587E0FE20938B" box="[310,440,1703,1728]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStart-2="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionStartId-1="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionStartId-2="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetId-1="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." captionText-1="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." captionText-2="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||||
], illustrations of female [
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043D8ED87E0FCC8938B" box="[718,848,1703,1728]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionStartId-1="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionStartId-2="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId-0="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetId-1="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetId-2="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." captionText-1="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." captionText-2="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67E0043D8ED87E0FCC8938B" box="[718,848,1703,1728]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionStartId-1="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionStartId-2="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId-0="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetId-1="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetId-2="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." captionText-1="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." captionText-2="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="677">Figures 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||||
]).
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF67F0042DA8385B9FB929079" pageId="15" pageNumber="678" startId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" targetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF67F0042DA8385B9FB929079" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="678" startId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" targetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F67F0042DA8385B9FB929079" blockId="15.[160,1156,1278,1330]" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67F0042DA8385B9FF62905E" bold="true" box="[160,250,1278,1301]" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -181,15 +182,15 @@ at first glance due to the elongated body aspect, pronotal cavity of male shallo
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67F0042DB4A8492FE7F90A5" box="[361,487,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">B. cribrarius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished by the following combination of characters: posterior width of clypeus about 4.0–4.7 times wider than anterior; surface of metaventrite with dense setae, leaving the integument poorly visible (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67F0042D964875CFC28937F" box="[839,944,1563,1588]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67F0042D964875CFC28937F" box="[839,944,1563,1588]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)); ventral surface of metafemora with presence of moderated setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67F0042D8C5877AFCCA931D" box="[742,850,1597,1622]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67F0042D8C5877AFCCA931D" box="[742,850,1597,1622]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)); inner protarsal claw of male with branches subequal in length (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67F0042D87E8727FD519332" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" box="[605,713,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67F0042D87E8727FD519332" box="[605,713,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">B. laticifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has the inner branch shorter than outer one); parameres smooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67F0042DBF487C4FDD193D7" box="[471,585,1667,1692]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67F0042DBF487C4FDD193D7" box="[471,585,1667,1692]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)) (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67F0042D8A287C4FC8E93D7" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[641,790,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67F0042D8A287C4FC8E93D7" box="[641,790,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="678">B. cylindricus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ has the parameres with well-impressed punctures instead); female differs by terg
|
|||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F660005DDB2284BEFEE09359" box="[257,376,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="679">B. ascanius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F660005DDBA584BEFE779359" box="[390,495,1529,1554]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="16" pageNumber="679">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F660005DDBA584BEFE779359" box="[390,495,1529,1554]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="679">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
(e)). Furthermore,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F660005DD89484BEFCAD9359" authorityName="Duarte and Grossi" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[695,821,1529,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrarius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F660005DD89484BEFCAD9359" box="[695,821,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="679">B. cribrarius</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ exhibits an opaque aspect on the dorsal surface of body along with a microreticu
|
|||
group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF660005DDA838474FE1090E9" pageId="16" pageNumber="679" startId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" targetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF660005DDA838474FE1090E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="679" startId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" targetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F660005DDA838474FE1090E9" blockId="16.[160,1156,1331,1442]" pageId="16" pageNumber="679">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F660005DDA838474FF679001" bold="true" box="[160,255,1331,1354]" pageId="16" pageNumber="679">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and
|
|||
. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF661005CDA8385CBFE419196" pageId="17" pageNumber="680" startId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" targetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF661005CDA8385CBFE419196" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="680" startId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" targetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F661005CDA8385CBFE419196" blockId="17.[160,1155,1164,1245]" pageId="17" pageNumber="680">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F661005CDA8385CBFF6191E8" bold="true" box="[160,249,1164,1187]" pageId="17" pageNumber="680">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b)
|
||||
|
|
@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ female, labelled: (a) ‘Br’ [handwritten]; (b) ‘
|
|||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F661005CDE1F84F2FF3690BB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." pageId="17" pageNumber="680">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F661005CDE1F84F2FF3690BB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="680">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F661005CDA83876BFE1F930D" blockId="17.[160,1156,1580,1710]" box="[160,391,1580,1606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="680">
|
||||
|
|
@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ leg
|
|||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.2010, U.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF662005FDA838746FD24937D" pageId="18" pageNumber="681" startId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" targetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF662005FDA838746FD24937D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="681" startId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" targetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F662005FDA838746FD24937D" blockId="18.[160,1155,1537,1590]" pageId="18" pageNumber="681">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F662005FDA838746FF619353" bold="true" box="[160,249,1537,1560]" pageId="18" pageNumber="681">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ventral view of left maxilla: (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ Caramaschi and H. de Niemeyer legs. –
|
|||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF663005EDA838229FD2F96E8" pageId="19" pageNumber="682" startId="19.[160,225,878,901]" targetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF663005EDA838229FD2F96E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="682" startId="19.[160,225,878,901]" targetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F663005EDA838229FD2F96E8" blockId="19.[160,1155,878,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F663005EDA838229FF6396CE" bold="true" box="[160,251,878,901]" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ pc = pronotal cavity.
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F663005EDA8382B9FD8A9153" blockId="19.[160,1156,1022,1707]" box="[160,530,1022,1048]" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F663005EDA8382B9FD8A9153" bold="true" box="[160,530,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">
|
||||
Male redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F663005EDBAF82B9FE739153" box="[396,491,1022,1048]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F663005EDBAF82B9FE739153" box="[396,491,1022,1048]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -443,18 +444,18 @@ Male redescription (
|
|||
: Scutellar plate subtriangular, with 6–9 small punctures scattered on sides. Elytral surface bearing poorly apparent striae; punctures large, deep, ocellate, about 1–2 puncture diameters apart. Meso- and metaventral surfaces poorly apparent, hidden by dense setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F663005EDB15870AFEFD932D" box="[310,357,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Inner protarsal claw incised, with both branches subequal in length. Ventral area of protarsomere 5 with a small, triangular, subapical ventrolateral process. Meso- and metafemur setose ventrally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F663005ED87487D5FD5993E0" box="[599,705,1682,1707]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F663005ED87487D5FD5993E0" box="[599,705,1682,1707]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
(b)).
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F663005ED8D287D5FCC093E0" box="[753,856,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="682">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 2 bands of numerous finely marked striae, longitudinally interrupted by a narrow midline. Tergite 8 densely rugose, covered with scarce setae on sides. Sternites 4–8 densely setose.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6650058DBAD87D1FE6F93E4" box="[398,503,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="684">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||||
: Parameres, in dorsal view, smooth; basal half rounded laterally, apical half strongly constricted lateroventrally, apical plate elongated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDE3981C9FB1B95EC" box="[1050,1155,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDE3981C9FB1B95EC" box="[1050,1155,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)). Parameres, in lateral view, arched dorsally, ventrally with a small process at basis; subapical area behind the lobes excavated, apex rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BD90E8193FC0D95A6" box="[813,917,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BD90E8193FC0D95A6" box="[813,917,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
(c)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6640059DA8384B3FB1A930D" pageId="20" pageNumber="683" startId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" targetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6640059DA8384B3FB1A930D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="683" startId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" targetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6640059DA8384B3FB1A930D" blockId="20.[160,1157,1524,1606]" pageId="20" pageNumber="683">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6640059DA8384B3FF619340" bold="true" box="[160,249,1524,1547]" pageId="20" pageNumber="683">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b)
|
||||
|
|
@ -484,7 +485,7 @@ Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior s
|
|||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF6640059DE6B8768FB1A930D" box="[1096,1154,1583,1606]" pageId="20" pageNumber="683" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6650058DA83848AFC219354" pageId="21" pageNumber="684" startId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" targetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6650058DA83848AFC219354" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="684" startId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" targetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="970D8122F6650058DA83848AFC219354" blockId="21.[160,1155,1485,1567]" pageId="21" pageNumber="684">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6650058DA83848AFE9E90AF" bold="true" box="[160,262,1485,1508]" pageId="21" pageNumber="684">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d
|
|||
<paragraph id="970D8122F666005BDA83805CFDA7947E" blockId="22.[160,1156,283,482]" box="[160,575,283,309]" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F666005BDA83805CFDA7947E" bold="true" box="[160,575,283,309]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">
|
||||
Female redescription (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDB8B805CFD8C947E" box="[424,532,283,309]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDB8B805CFD8C947E" box="[424,532,283,309]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
(d))
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -549,7 +550,7 @@ Female redescription (
|
|||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F666005BDACA8373FE149706" box="[233,396,564,589]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDB828373FD929706" box="[417,522,564,589]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F666005BDB828373FD929706" box="[417,522,564,589]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="685">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,50 +1,51 @@
|
|||
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@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ Rondani
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F7A556E4008E524FE689DACFC8EA4A7" blockId="15.[382,933,142,203]" box="[420,895,176,203]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
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mating events examined:
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FD299DACFCB8A4A7" box="[741,841,176,203]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FD299DACFCB8A4A7" box="[741,841,176,203]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971632/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
C-H)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -72,9 +73,9 @@ Given that
|
|||
is one of the largest genera of the animal kingdom with about 1700 species described (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3B54289F4008E524FEBC9C15FE07A54E" author="Brown BV" box="[368,502,265,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref9367" refString="Brown BV. 2022. Some remarkably common, but undescribed, Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from northwestern Costa Rica. Zootaxa. 5120 (3): 373-390. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5120.3.4." type="journal article" year="2022">Brown 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
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), it would not be surprising if diverse mating patterns were found across the genus. Some of the photos examined show a standard mating position (
|
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FF649C52FEE3A50B" box="[168,274,334,359]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FF649C52FEE3A50B" box="[168,274,334,359]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971632/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8F</figureCitation>
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||||
). Others show a much smaller male, the female with her wings slightly lifted and the male touching her abdomen during mating (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FD3E9C6DFCAEA5E6" box="[754,863,369,394]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FD3E9C6DFCAEA5E6" box="[754,863,369,394]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971632/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8H</figureCitation>
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). Other than this variation in position, nothing else noteworthy was observed based on the photos.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F7A556E4008E524FF0C9CAAFD3AA746" blockId="15.[160,1156,230,810]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">
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@ -102,17 +103,17 @@ and
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<emphasis id="6DB1897C4008E524FC049F5DFBD3A636" box="[968,1058,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Syneura</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) as they have similar morphology of the abdomen with large areas not covered by tergites. We confirmed this prediction here by documenting abdominal sacs eversion in at least three other groups (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FE409FB5FDD3A6AE" box="[396,546,681,706]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1428,1451]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1397]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Triphleba. A. From Sosa-Ri, South Korea (photo credit: © Wonwoong Kim, licensed under CC BY- NC 4.0 DEED). B. From Gloucester, USA (photo credit: © Jason M. Crockwell, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED). C. From Berlin, Germany (photo credit: © Alexis, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Nepřevázka, Czechia (photo credit: © Petr Harant, all rights reserved). E, From Ilmatsalu, Estonia (photo credit: © Urmas Tartes, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0). F, From Ukraine (photo credit: © Roman, licensed under CC BY 4.0). G–H, From California, USA (photo credit: © Eric Cleveland, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0). All photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/), ID numbers: A, 67309235; B, 5803533; C, 65409696; D, 151649050; E, 235366216;F, 70621780; G–H, 220362964.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figures 6G,H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FE409FB5FDD3A6AE" box="[396,546,681,706]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1428,1451]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1397]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Triphleba. A. From Sosa-Ri, South Korea (photo credit: © Wonwoong Kim, licensed under CC BY- NC 4.0 DEED). B. From Gloucester, USA (photo credit: © Jason M. Crockwell, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED). C. From Berlin, Germany (photo credit: © Alexis, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Nepřevázka, Czechia (photo credit: © Petr Harant, all rights reserved). E, From Ilmatsalu, Estonia (photo credit: © Urmas Tartes, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0). F, From Ukraine (photo credit: © Roman, licensed under CC BY 4.0). G–H, From California, USA (photo credit: © Eric Cleveland, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0). All photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/), ID numbers: A, 67309235; B, 5803533; C, 65409696; D, 151649050; E, 235366216;F, 70621780; G–H, 220362964.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971628/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figures 6G,H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FDE19FB5FDAEA6AE" box="[557,607,681,706]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1311]" captionTargetId="figure-3@14.[163,1153,142,1311]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Wharia (A–B) and unknown genus 1 (C–D) mating, unknown genus 2 female swarm (E–F). A–B. From Dunedin, Tomahawk Lagoon, New Zealand (photo credit: © Steve Kerr, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). C–D. From Wellington, New Zealand (photo credit: © Michael Berardozzi, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E–F. From Manú Province, Peru (photo credit: © Rich Hoyer, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). All photos obtained from INaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/), ID numbers: A–B, 37566558, C–D, 200861568, E–F, 203518040. All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">7E,F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FDE19FB5FDAEA6AE" box="[557,607,681,706]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1311]" captionTargetId="figure-3@14.[163,1153,142,1311]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Wharia (A–B) and unknown genus 1 (C–D) mating, unknown genus 2 female swarm (E–F). A–B. From Dunedin, Tomahawk Lagoon, New Zealand (photo credit: © Steve Kerr, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). C–D. From Wellington, New Zealand (photo credit: © Michael Berardozzi, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E–F. From Manú Province, Peru (photo credit: © Rich Hoyer, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). All photos obtained from INaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/), ID numbers: A–B, 37566558, C–D, 200861568, E–F, 203518040. All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971630/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">7E,F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FDA59FB5FD64A6AE" box="[617,661,681,706]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[163,1153,142,1490]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Phalacrotophora. A–B. From Donaustadt, 1220 Wien, Austria (photo credit: carnifex). C. From Iasi, Romania (photo credit: © ellas, all rights reserved). D. From Ohio, USA (photo credit: © fuzzyspider,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From Toronto, Canada (photo credit: © brian stahls, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit: Katja Schulz). G. From Dundas, Ontario, Canada (photo credit: Steve Marshall). H. From Durbanville, Cape Town, South Africa (photo credit: © Cecile Roux, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED). Except for C and G, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/), ID numbers: A–B, 84105331; D, 82485316; E, 86632821; F, 759565; H, 117471418. All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">10C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FDA59FB5FD64A6AE" box="[617,661,681,706]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[163,1153,142,1490]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Phalacrotophora. A–B. From Donaustadt, 1220 Wien, Austria (photo credit: carnifex). C. From Iasi, Romania (photo credit: © ellas, all rights reserved). D. From Ohio, USA (photo credit: © fuzzyspider,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From Toronto, Canada (photo credit: © brian stahls, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit: Katja Schulz). G. From Dundas, Ontario, Canada (photo credit: Steve Marshall). H. From Durbanville, Cape Town, South Africa (photo credit: © Cecile Roux, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED). Except for C and G, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/), ID numbers: A–B, 84105331; D, 82485316; E, 86632821; F, 759565; H, 117471418. All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971636/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">10C</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, we found photos of groups of
|
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<taxonomicName id="98C52EED4008E524FF0C9FD7FEC0A688" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[192,305,715,740]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6DB1897C4008E524FF0C9FD7FEC0A688" box="[192,305,715,740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Megaselia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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females aggregating on leaves (
|
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FD7E9FD7FCB2A688" box="[690,835,715,740]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8C–D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C7FE49EB4008E524FD7E9FD7FCB2A688" box="[690,835,715,740]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[209,1105,142,1403]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnophora (A–B) and Megaselia (C–H). A. From Thüringen, Germany (photo credit: © Benjamin Fabian,all rights reserved).B. From Bazzano AQ,Italia (photo credit:© Emanuele Santarelli,licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). C. From Hornito, Panama (photo credit: © Kai Squires, licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED). D. From Villaverde, Gracias, Honduras (photo credit: © Nicolas Pratlong, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). E. From San Jose,Costa Rica (photo credit:modified from Brown and Porras 2015).F. From District of Columbia, USA (photo credit:KatjaSchulz).G.FromBuenos Aires,Argentina(photocredit:© Ezequiel Vera,licensedunder CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). H. From Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana, Ecuador (photo credit: © Stephen Luk, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED). Except for E, all photos obtained from iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/ observations/), ID numbers: A, 103247590; B, 79696163; C, 104603210; D, 141416171; F, 104197174; G, 64436516; H, 124924237.All photos adapted as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971632/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="754">Figure 8C–D</figureCitation>
|
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). One possible explanation for such aggregation could be to display and attract males, another possible example of sex-role reversal in the genus (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3B54289F4008E524FDE99E0DFD4FA746" author="Sivinski J" box="[549,702,785,810]" pageId="15" pageNumber="754" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref10144" refString="Sivinski J. 1988. Unusual female-aggregated mating systems in phorid flies. J Insect Behav. 1 (1): 123-128. doi:10.1007/BF01052509." type="journal article" year="1988">Sivinski 1988</bibRefCitation>
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).
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