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<document id="99CCCD4C6C08B2F3F243791319B4A780" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2459671" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970861" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1741162469822" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Itaru, Hibino, Mai, Wakita, Daiki &amp; Kohtsuka, Hisanori" docDate="2025" docId="942887FCFF87FFC7FE78BA5FD6D62E93" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.655-661.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mimastrella komkom Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="660" masterDocId="6811FF84FF85FFC2FFE1B83FD55B2853" masterDocTitle="Discovery of the first new species of the genus Mimastrella (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) from the Northern Hemisphere" masterLastPageNumber="661" masterPageNumber="655" pageNumber="657" updateTime="1741163465926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1C252A69BC34D5CA86EF91ACE44BEB61">Discovery of the first new species of the genus Mimastrella (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) from the Northern Hemisphere</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A230BA8C5A6F46FB913397AA47C1489">Kobayashi, Itaru</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B287AE47A862393C121BC0A1F1F53A8">Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan; &amp; Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="10F3498B8A1690F583BC518C2B4757F4">Hibino, Mai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A3431A7A8635AACF926B22AF4F84F5C">Marine Science Museum, Fukushima Prefecture, Aquamarine Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAA09F8D0743AF620CF32E7C5732001E">Wakita, Daiki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EE68D807B5337CA1D878BF1D703D6112">Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan; &amp; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C35553323D1C15B63EAF12F76495897A">Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C3D410A1F4146E19D108DAB37DF6688">Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan; &amp; Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="91BF9B327CDA9F3F1FB4C1B7B15A67B8">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A63BFD939E2CA88DE696C1AA17040A1E">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18F2A84BC505AC2076B9522D43AC4052">2025-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="06EACE7B10E209C6FFD60594A3BA320C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C7C2D6915ABF351B6CAF5878DCA15E83">59</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5667DFD750EC9635E8BA7B659E01BDA1">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6005D9AEA0D4BAB71232CE43466F9CC7" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="66B989DFA572D316B4C6B1AC1571C61E" type="Zenodo-Dep">14970861</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="942887FCFF87FFC7FE78BA5FD6D62E93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:942887FCFF87FFC7FE78BA5FD6D62E93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/942887FCFF87FFC7FE78BA5FD6D62E93" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="660" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
<subSubSection id="549B6561FF87FFC0FE78BA5FD6592AFC" pageId="2" pageNumber="657" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC0FE78BA5FD6D12A28" blockId="2.[409,906,608,635]" box="[409,906,608,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
<heading id="47768186FF87FFC0FE78BA5FD6D12A28" bold="true" box="[409,906,608,635]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="657" reason="3">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF87FFC0FE78BA5FD6D12A28" bold="true" box="[409,906,608,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF87FFC0FE78BA5FD6602A28" authority="Kobayashi" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[409,827,608,635]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="657" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF87FFC0FE78BA5FD7F12A28" bold="true" box="[409,682,608,635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Mimastrella komkom</emphasis>
Kobayashi
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C65783FF87FFC0FCA2BA5FD6D12A28" box="[835,906,608,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC0FF21BAA9D6592AFC" blockId="2.[192,770,662,687]" box="[192,770,662,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">[New Japanese name: Houyuu-shiawase-momijigai]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="549B6561FF87FFC6FDA3BAFBD6142E7D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="2" pageNumber="657" type="description">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC0FDA3BAFBD7BA2A8C" blockId="2.[578,737,708,735]" box="[578,737,708,735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
(
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FDABBAFBD7E62A8C" box="[586,701,708,735]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figures 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FD2BBAFBD7822A8C" box="[714,729,708,735]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC0FF41BAC1D47D2B4B" blockId="2.[160,1156,766,1728]" box="[160,294,766,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF87FFC0FF41BAC1D47D2B4B" bold="true" box="[160,294,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC0FF41BB1DD4502CC5" blockId="2.[160,1156,766,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
Arms five, broadening proximally, gradually tapering to arm tips (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FC9BBB1DD68F2B68" box="[890,980,802,827]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(A)). R/r 2.8–2.9. Abactinal surface slightly inflated, covered by numerous penicillate paxillae comprising abactinal plates and spines (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FE3BBB58D76E2BD3" box="[474,565,871,896]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(B)). Abactinal plates mostly quadrilobate, possessing paxillar columns crowned with a tuft of abactinal spines, arranged in oblique transverse series only at arm sides and interradial disc (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FD69BB92D7B52B95" box="[648,750,941,966]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(B, C), 3(A)). Paxillar columns slender, cylindrical and slightly capitate. Heights of these paxillar columns five or more times greater than their widths and two or more times greater than the length of abactinal plates. Abactinal spines triangular prism-shaped with concave side, straight, smooth laterally, slightly flaring distally, and sometimes with three or four hyaline points (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FF49BC65D4532C20" box="[168,264,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(B)). Papular areas contain one papula. Madreporite exposed, 4.0–
<quantity id="DB799B0FFF87FFC0FBEABC65D1392C20" box="[1035,1122,1114,1139]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="657" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC0FF21BCA0D1DF2E65" blockId="2.[160,1156,766,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
Superomarginal plates trilobate, paxilliform, longitudinally elongated, two times longer than adjacent abactinal plates, and arranged in one longitudinal series at abactinolateral portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FE56BCDAD7452CAD" box="[439,542,1253,1278]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(D), (3C)). Inferomarginal plates rectangular, paxilliform, longitudinally elongated, as long as adjacent superomarginal plates, and arranged in one longitudinal series at lateral portion of arms (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FD29BD15D66C2D10" box="[712,823,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(D), 3(D)). Each supero- and inferomarginal series composed of 42–43 plates. Paxillar columns slender, cylindrical, slightly capitate on superomarginal plates, and broad, flat, wedge-shaped on inferomarginal plates. Heights of these paxillar columns greater than length and width of supero- and inferomarginal plates, respectively. Marginal fasciolar grooves distinct between neighbouring inferomarginal paxillar columns, and longer than longitudinal length of inferomarginal paxillar columns (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FDF2BDC5D72B2E40" box="[531,624,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(D)). Supero- and inferomarginal plates densely covered by numerous spines like abactinal spines on paxillar columns (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FC5CBE22D1782E65" box="[957,1059,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(E), 3(E)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF87FFC1FF21BE00D1472E65" blockId="2.[160,1156,766,1728]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1156,1495,1728]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="658" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">
Actinal plates paxilliform, transversely elongated, and arranged in oblique transverse series at 85–89% of R (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF87FFC0FE44BE5DD7592E28" box="[421,514,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="657">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(F)). Actinal plates contact each other in each series, but apart from longitudinally neighbouring actinal plates. Paxillar columns of actinal plates broad, flat, and wedge-shaped, height of which as great as or greater than length of actinal plates but smaller than width of actinal plates. Actinal plates densely covered with numerous actinal spines (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF86FFC1FE5EBDC5D7472E40" box="[447,540,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(G)). Actinal spines spatulate, straight, smooth laterally, or triangular prism-shaped with concave side like abactinal spines (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF86FFC1FC77BE22D6A92E65" box="[918,1010,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(F)).
</paragraph>
<caption id="48FE6662FF86FFC1FF41BC9ED4052DD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="658" startId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" targetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF86FFC1FF41BC9ED4052DD6" blockId="3.[160,1157,1185,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF86FFC1FF41BC9ED5A52CEB" bold="true" box="[160,254,1185,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF86FFC1FEE8BC9ED48C2CEB" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[265,471,1185,1208]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="658" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF86FFC1FEE8BC9ED48C2CEB" box="[265,471,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Mimastrella komkom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF86FFC1FE03BC9ED77B2CEB" bold="true" box="[482,544,1185,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C65783FF86FFC1FE03BC9ED77B2CEB" box="[482,544,1185,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="658" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF86FFC1FF21BE00D4692E93" blockId="3.[160,1156,1495,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">
Adambulacral plates transversely elongated rectangular and arranged in one longitudinal series along ambulacral furrow (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF86FFC1FD85BE5DD79B2E28" box="[612,704,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(F)). Each adambulacral plate bears 5–13 furrow spines (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF86FFC1FEAABEBAD4F12ECD" box="[331,426,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(G)). Adambulacral spines conical, straight, and smooth laterally (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF86FFC1FF49BE98D4582E93" box="[168,259,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="658">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(G)).
</paragraph>
<caption id="48FE6662FF81FFC6FF41BC9ED62D2D7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" startId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" targetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF81FFC6FF41BC9ED62D2D7E" blockId="4.[160,1157,1185,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF81FFC6FF41BC9ED5A52CEB" bold="true" box="[160,254,1185,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF81FFC6FC89BC9ED16E2CEB" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[872,1077,1185,1208]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF81FFC6FC89BC9ED16E2CEB" box="[872,1077,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Mimastrella komkom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF81FFC6FBA0BC9ED1252CEB" bold="true" box="[1089,1150,1185,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C65783FF81FFC6FBA0BC9ED1252CEB" box="[1089,1150,1185,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF81FFC6FF21BD57D45E2DBA" blockId="4.[160,1156,1384,1582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
Each pair of oral plates forms a rhomboid jaw, lacking an unpaired oral spine (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF81FFC6FF49BDB5D4482DF0" box="[168,275,1418,1443]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(A,H)). Each oral plate bears at least 38 oral spines arranged in 2–3 irregular longitudinal series; however, actual number of spines unknown due to damage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF81FFC6FF21BDCDD4FD2E58" blockId="4.[160,1156,1384,1582]" box="[192,422,1522,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Pedicellariae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF81FFC6FF21BE2AD6142E7D" blockId="4.[160,1156,1384,1582]" box="[192,847,1557,1582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
Tube feet biserial, ending with suckered discs (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF81FFC6FD31BE2AD6742E7D" box="[720,815,1557,1582]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(I)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="549B6561FF81FFC7FF41BE5ED48028BE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="660" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF81FFC6FF41BE5ED4242E28" blockId="4.[160,1155,1633,1728]" box="[160,383,1633,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF81FFC6FF41BE5ED4242E28" bold="true" box="[160,383,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF81FFC7FF41BEBAD48028BE" blockId="4.[160,1155,1633,1728]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1156,142,237]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="660" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
<materialsCitation id="ACE93CB7FF81FFC7FF41BEBAD1DB28F4" collectingDate="2023-05-15" collectionCode="R, NSMT" country="Japan" elevation="1050" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="660" latitude="44.239" location="Sea of Okhotsk" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="145.4008" municipality="Nemuro Strait" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF81FFC6FF41BEBAD4232ECD" bold="true" box="[160,376,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">
<typeStatus id="C33A8848FF81FFC6FF41BEBAD44A2ECD" box="[160,273,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="6496767AFF81FFC6FEC0BEBAD42F2ECD" box="[289,372,1669,1694]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="195E6031FF81FFC6FE62BEBAD76C2ECD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:942887FCFF87FFC7FE78BA5FD6D62E93:195E6031FF81FFC6FE62BEBAD76C2ECD" box="[387,567,1669,1694]" country="Japan" latitude="44.239" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="145.4008" municipality="Nemuro Strait" name="Sea of Okhotsk" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Sea of Okhotsk</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="FC5AAC90FF81FFC6FDA4BEBAD7B22ECD" box="[581,745,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">Nemuro Strait</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="79B5502DFF81FFC6FD19BEBAD6372ECD" box="[760,876,1669,1694]" degrees="44.2390" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" precision="5" value="44.239">44.2390°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="79B5502DFF81FFC6FC9BBEBAD6AB2ECD" box="[890,1008,1669,1694]" degrees="145.4008" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" precision="5" value="145.4008">145.4008E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="DB799B0FFF81FFC6FBACBEBAD5AB2E93" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="930.0">
<elevation id="97ACD1D9FF81FFC6FBACBEBAD5AB2E93" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="930.0">930– 1170m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="683F102AFF81FFC6FF1ABE98D4CB2E93" box="[251,400,1703,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" value="2023-05-15">
<collectingDate id="787BE9C2FF81FFC6FF1ABE98D4CB2E93" box="[251,400,1703,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659" value="2023-05-15">15 May 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; collected with a
<collectingMethod id="C5C04EFDFF81FFC6FDBABE98D66D2E93" box="[603,822,1703,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="659">commercial gill net</collectingMethod>
by the fishing boat Houyuu-maru, frozen and later fixed in 99% ethanol,
<collectionCode id="7A90AE2FFF80FFC7FD7BB8B1D7F328F4" box="[666,680,142,167]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">R</collectionCode>
=
<quantity id="DB799B0FFF80FFC7FD29B8B1D67628F4" box="[712,813,142,167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.36" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" unit="mm" value="53.6">53.6 mm</quantity>
, r = 19.0 mm (
<collectionCode id="7A90AE2FFF80FFC7FC30B8B1D14E28F4" box="[977,1045,142,167]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-14848)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41B88ED44C2899" bold="true" box="[160,279,177,202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<typeStatus id="C33A8848FF80FFC7FF41B88ED44C2899" box="[160,279,177,202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(70): same data as
<typeStatus id="C33A8848FF80FFC7FE19B88ED7042899" box="[504,607,177,202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, except:
<collectionCode id="7A90AE2FFF80FFC7FD2CB88ED7802899" box="[717,731,177,202]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">R</collectionCode>
=
<quantity id="DB799B0FFF80FFC7FD1CB88ED6382899" box="[765,867,177,202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.63" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" unit="mm" value="66.3">66.3 mm</quantity>
, r =
<quantity id="DB799B0FFF80FFC7FC7BB88ED15B2899" box="[922,1024,177,202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" unit="mm" value="22.7">22.7 mm</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="79B5502DFF80FFC7FBEDB88ED1DB2899" box="[1036,1152,177,202]" degrees="44.3185" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" precision="5" value="44.3185">44.3185°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="79B5502DFF80FFC7FF41B8EBD44128BE" box="[160,282,212,237]" degrees="145.4102" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" precision="5" value="145.4102">145.4102°E</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectionCode id="7A90AE2FFF80FFC7FEC9B8EBD43728BE" box="[296,364,212,237]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-14849).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="549B6561FF80FFC7FF41B91BD7D929D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF41B91BD477296D" blockId="5.[160,1155,292,387]" box="[160,300,292,318]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41B91BD477296D" bold="true" box="[160,300,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF41B978D7D929D0" blockId="5.[160,1155,292,387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FF41B978D4D32933" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[160,392,327,352]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41B978D4D32933" box="[160,392,327,352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Mimastrella komkom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE70B978D4882933" bold="true" box="[401,467,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C65783FF80FFC7FE70B978D4882933" box="[401,467,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="ACE93CB7FF80FFC7FE3CB978D72529D0" country="Japan" elevation="1050" location="Nemuro Strait" municipality="Sea of Okhotsk" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" specimenCount="1">
is only known from the
<typeStatus id="C33A8848FF80FFC7FD15B978D67D2933" box="[756,806,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<location id="195E6031FF80FFC7FC6FB978D1742933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:942887FCFF87FFC7FE78BA5FD6D62E93:195E6031FF80FFC7FC6FB978D1742933" box="[910,1071,327,352]" country="Japan" municipality="Sea of Okhotsk" name="Nemuro Strait" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Nemuro Strait</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="FC5AAC90FF80FFC7FBDDB978D5A429D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Sea of Okhotsk</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="6496767AFF80FFC7FEE8B955D41629D0" box="[265,333,362,387]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Japan</collectingCountry>
, at a depth of
<quantity id="DB799B0FFF80FFC7FE13B955D72529D0" box="[498,638,362,387]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="930.0">
<elevation id="97ACD1D9FF80FFC7FE13B955D72529D0" box="[498,638,362,387]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="930.0">930–1170 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="549B6561FF80FFC7FF41B984D1DA2A94" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF41B984D4462986" blockId="5.[160,1157,443,711]" box="[160,285,443,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41B984D4462986" bold="true" box="[160,285,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF41B9E1D1DA2A94" blockId="5.[160,1157,443,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
The specific name,
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FE69B9E1D4B129A4" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[392,490,478,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE69B9E1D4B129A4" box="[392,490,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">komkom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is derived from the Indigenous language of
<collectingRegion id="DE45F808FF80FFC7FBF1B9E1D1DB29A4" box="[1040,1152,478,503]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Ainu, meaning down feathers of little birds. This new species has delicate abactinal spines and paxillar columns, providing a hairy appearance. The Japanese name ‘houyuu’ is derived from the fishing vessel
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FD47BA79D61A2A0C" box="[678,833,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Houyuu-maru</emphasis>
which collected the specimens, and ‘shiawase’ means happiness in Japanese, alluding to the quadrilobate abactinal plates with high and slender paxillar columns that resemble four-leaf clovers. ‘Momijigai’ comes from the Japanese name for the family
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FC23BA91D1262A94" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[962,1149,686,711]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Astropectinidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="549B6561FF80FFC7FF41BAC1D6D62E93" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF41BAC1D45D2B4B" blockId="5.[160,1156,766,1728]" box="[160,262,766,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41BAC1D45D2B4B" bold="true" box="[160,262,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF41BB1DD1512C03" blockId="5.[160,1156,766,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
This new species resembles three
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FDA0BB1DD7E32B68" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[577,696,802,827]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
genera,
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FCC6BB1DD1102B68" box="[807,1099,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FCC6BB1DD6E32B68" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1910" box="[807,952,802,827]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Gephyreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Gephyreaster</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FC2BBB1DD1102B68" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1916" box="[970,1099,802,827]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Mimastrella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FF41BB7AD4592B0D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[160,258,837,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Radiasteridae" genus="Radiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41BB7AD4592B0D" box="[160,258,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Radiaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in possessing the following diagnostic characteristics (
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FC8BBB7AD6B72B0D" author="Fisher WK" box="[874,1004,837,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref2690" refString="Fisher WK. 1916. Notes on the systematic position of certain genera and higher groups of starfishes. Proc Biol Soc Wash. 25: 1-6." type="journal article" year="1916">Fisher 1916</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FC18BB7AD1252B0D" author="Oguro C" box="[1017,1150,837,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="41 - 109" refId="ref2945" refString="Oguro C. 1991. Asteroidea. In: Hisamune T, editor. Echinoderms from continental shelf and slope around Japan. Vol. 2. Tokyo: Japan Fisheries resource Conservation Association; p. 41-109." type="book chapter" year="1991">Oguro 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FF41BB58D4D32BD3" author="Kobayashi I &amp; Sonoyama T &amp; Hibino M &amp; Kawano M &amp; Kohtsuka H" box="[160,392,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="949 - 964" refId="ref2745" refString="Kobayashi I, Sonoyama T, Hibino M, Kawano M, Kohtsuka H. 2024. Pseudarchasteridae (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) in Japanese waters, with description of a new species and range extension of three species. J Nat Hist. 58: 949-964. doi:10.1080/00222933.2024.2377336." type="journal article" year="2024">
Kobayashi
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FEF6BB58D41D2BD3" box="[279,326,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">et al</emphasis>
. 2024
</bibRefCitation>
), paxilliform supero- and inferomarginal plates (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FC7DBB58D15B2BD3" box="[924,1024,871,896]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(D,E) 3(C,D)) and tube feet with sucking discs (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FDFCBBB5D7202BF0" box="[541,635,906,931]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(I)). Among these genera, this new species can clearly be assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FDC2BB92D7FB2B95" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1916" box="[547,672,941,966]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FDC2BB92D7FB2B95" box="[547,672,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Mimastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since it possesses the cruciform abactinal plates regularly arranged on the abactinolateral side of the disc and arms (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FC32BBF0D1772BBB" box="[979,1068,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(C)) and lacking the unpaired oral spines (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FDEDBBCDD73D2C58" box="[524,614,1010,1035]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Live specimen, whole body, abactinal (left) and actinal (right) side; (B), denuded abactinal surface of interradial disc; (C), abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; (D), denuded supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (E), supero- and inferomarginal plates of proximal portion of arm; (F), denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (G), actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; (H), abactinal surface of an extracted jaw; (I), actinal surface of ambulacral furrow. Abbreviations: ad: adambulacral series; i: inferomarginal plate; s: superomarginal plate; t: tube feet. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–I, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(H)).
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FD78BBCDD67F2C58" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1910" box="[665,804,1010,1035]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Gephyreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FD78BBCDD67F2C58" box="[665,804,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Gephyreaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has hexalobate abactinal plates and unpaired oral spines (
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FE5ABC2AD7FF2C7D" author="Kobayashi I &amp; Sonoyama T &amp; Hibino M &amp; Kawano M &amp; Kohtsuka H" box="[443,676,1045,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="949 - 964" refId="ref2745" refString="Kobayashi I, Sonoyama T, Hibino M, Kawano M, Kohtsuka H. 2024. Pseudarchasteridae (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) in Japanese waters, with description of a new species and range extension of three species. J Nat Hist. 58: 949-964. doi:10.1080/00222933.2024.2377336." type="journal article" year="2024">
Kobayashi
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FDD5BC2AD7392C7D" box="[564,610,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">et al</emphasis>
. 2024
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FD06BC2AD6112C7D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[743,842,1045,1070]" class="Asteroidea" family="Radiasteridae" genus="Radiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FD06BC2AD6112C7D" box="[743,842,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Radiaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has non-cruciform abactinal plates irregularly arranged on the abactinolateral side of the disc (
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FC9CBC08D6A52C03" author="Fisher WK" box="[893,1022,1079,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref2690" refString="Fisher WK. 1916. Notes on the systematic position of certain genera and higher groups of starfishes. Proc Biol Soc Wash. 25: 1-6." type="journal article" year="1916">Fisher 1916</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF21BC65D1592E65" blockId="5.[160,1156,766,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FF21BC65D4F92C20" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[192,418,1114,1139]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF21BC65D4F92C20" box="[192,418,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Mimastrella komkom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE48BC65D4B32C20" bold="true" box="[425,488,1114,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C65783FF80FFC7FE48BC65D4B32C20" box="[425,488,1114,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
represents the first discovery of the genus
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FC2BBC65D11C2C20" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1916" box="[970,1095,1114,1139]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FC2BBC65D11C2C20" box="[970,1095,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Mimastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Northern Hemisphere, significantly extending the distributional range of this genus. Despite the far-distant distribution between this new species and the Antarctic-to-Chilean
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FF41BCFDD73B2C88" authority="(Mutschke and Mah 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Mutschke and Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[160,608,1218,1243]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognata">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF41BCFDD47B2C88" box="[160,288,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. cognata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FED3BCFDD70C2C88" author="Mutschke E &amp; Mah C" box="[306,599,1218,1243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" refId="ref2906" refString="Mutschke E, Mah C. 2009. Asteroidea - Starfish. In: Haussermann V, Forsterra G, editors. Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Chile: Nature in Focus, p. 1000." type="journal volume" year="2009">Mutschke and Mah 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, these two species share many morphological features. However,
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FE93BCDAD4AA2CAD" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Hibino &amp; Wakita &amp; Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2025" box="[370,497,1253,1278]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="komkom" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE93BCDAD4AA2CAD" box="[370,497,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. komkom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE19BCDAD76D2CAD" bold="true" box="[504,566,1253,1278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35C65783FF80FFC7FE19BCDAD76D2CAD" box="[504,566,1253,1278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FC85BCDAD6862CAD" baseAuthorityName="Mutschke and Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[868,989,1253,1278]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognata">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FC85BCDAD6862CAD" box="[868,989,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. cognata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the heights of the abactinal, superomarginal, and inferomarginal paxillar columns: the abactinal paxillar columns are five or more times taller than their width (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FCEEBD15D6312D10" box="[783,874,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(A)) [vs one to two times taller than their widths in
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FE33BD72D7142D35" baseAuthorityName="Mutschke and Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[466,591,1357,1382]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognata">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE33BD72D7142D35" box="[466,591,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. cognata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FDBEBD72D7B72D35" author="Sladen WP" box="[607,748,1357,1382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref3003" refString="Sladen WP. 1889. The Asteroidea. Rep Scient Results Voy Challenger Zool. 30: 1-893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 62; fig. 3)]; the superomarginal paxillar columns are taller than the plate length (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FD57BD50D6542DDB" box="[694,783,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(C)) [vs as high as the plate length in
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FF5BBDADD4692DF8" baseAuthorityName="Mutschke and Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[186,306,1426,1451]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognata">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FF5BBDADD4692DF8" box="[186,306,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. cognata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FEDCBDADD4972DF8" author="Ludwig H" box="[317,460,1426,1451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref2833" refString="Ludwig H. 1903. Seesterne. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899. Rapp Sci Zool. 1-72." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ludwig 1903</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 15)]; and the inferomarginal paxillar columns are taller than the plate width (
<figureCitation id="84BA2A6FFF80FFC7FE74BD8AD4AA2D9D" box="[405,497,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-84@4.[163,1153,142,1153]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ossicles of Mimastrella komkom sp. n., holotype, NSMT E-14848. (A), Abactinal plate, lateral (left two) and abactinal (right) views; (B), abactinal spines; (C), 10th superomarginal plate, actinal view; (D), 8th–12th inferomarginal plates, actinal (left above), abactinal (right), and distal (left bottom) views; (E), inferomarginal spines; (F), actinal spines; (G), adambulacral spines. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for all images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970871/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(D)) [vs shorter than the plate width in
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FC49BD8AD1792D9D" baseAuthorityName="Mutschke and Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[936,1058,1461,1486]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognata">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FC49BD8AD1792D9D" box="[936,1058,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. cognata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FBD1BD8AD58D2DA3" author="Ludwig H" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref2833" refString="Ludwig H. 1903. Seesterne. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899. Rapp Sci Zool. 1-72." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ludwig 1903</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 15)]. Abactinal spines of
<typeStatus id="C33A8848FF80FFC7FDB2BDE8D7DF2DA3" box="[595,644,1495,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">type</typeStatus>
specimens often lack several hyaline points at their apex, unlike
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FE83BDC5D4802E40" baseAuthorityName="Mutschke and Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[354,475,1530,1555]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognata">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE83BDC5D4802E40" box="[354,475,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">M. cognata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FE06BDC5D72D2E40" author="Ludwig H" box="[487,630,1530,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref2833" refString="Ludwig H. 1903. Seesterne. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899. Rapp Sci Zool. 1-72." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ludwig 1903</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FD63BDC5D7AE2E40" author="Clark AM" box="[642,757,1530,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref2621" refString="Clark AM. 1962. Asteroidea. Rep BANZ Antarctic Res Exped. B 9: 1-104." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962</bibRefCitation>
); however, these spines are possibly damaged by freezing since they mostly have traces of pronging at their apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C3E36EAFF80FFC7FF21BE00D6D62E93" blockId="5.[160,1156,766,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">
The ecology of the genus
<taxonomicName id="DB814D69FF80FFC7FE00BE00D73B2E0B" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1916" box="[481,608,1599,1624]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Mimastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EF5EAF8FF80FFC7FE00BE00D73B2E0B" box="[481,608,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="660">Mimastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been known to date (
<bibRefCitation id="78104B1BFF80FFC7FC4CBE00D58C2E28" author="Mutschke E &amp; Mah C" pageId="5" pageNumber="660" refId="ref2906" refString="Mutschke E, Mah C. 2009. Asteroidea - Starfish. In: Haussermann V, Forsterra G, editors. Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Chile: Nature in Focus, p. 1000." type="journal volume" year="2009">Mutschke and Mah 2009</bibRefCitation>
). However, our specimens were collected using fishery cages baited with fish fillets, suggesting this species is a scavenger or predator. Further deep-sea surveys may unravel the potential distributional range and ecology of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>