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G. +Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium + + + +Author + +Chotjuckdikul, Natthaphat +EEST Energy Services (Thailand) Limited, Rasa Tower II, Unit No. 2501 - 2502, 25 th Floor, 555, Phaholyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand + + + +Author + +Donbundit, Nattasuda +Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand + + + +Author + +Sumontha, Montri +Ranong Marine Fisheries Research and Development Station, 157 Chaloem Phrakiat Rd., Paknam, Muang, Ranong 85000, Thailand + + + +Author + +Meesook, Worawitoo +Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, 109 M. 2, Tham Yai Subdistrict, Thung Song District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province 80110, Thailand + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-09-20 + + +5512 + + +3 + + +373 +388 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.3.3 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5512.3.3 +1175-5326 +13848859 +337DCC9D-2FC7-4006-B1E9-B2AF308475CD + + + + + + + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figures 1–6 +) + + + +Holotype +. +CUMZ-R-2596 +(field no. +MS 757 +), adult male caught on + + +27 December +2022 + + +in +Tham +(= Cave) +Khao Chan +, +Wat +(= Temple) + +Tham +Khao Chan + +( +14°58’42.2”N +, +101°18’40.6”E +), +Tha Luang District +, +Lopburi Province +, central +Thailand +, by +Nonn Panitvong +, +Natthaphat Chotjuckdikul +, +Saranon Charoensuk +, +Natthasuda Donbundit +and Montri Sumontha. + + + + +Paratypes +(3). +CUMZ-R-2597 +(field no. +MS 758 +), adult male, and + + +CUMZ-R-2594–2595 +(field nos. +MS 759 +and +MS 760 +, respectively), adult females; same locality, date and collectors as for the +holotype + +. + + +Diagnosis. + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from all other congeneric species by the combination of its maximal known SVL of +85 mm +, 15–18 interorbital scales, 35–37 interciliary scales, 10–12 supralabials, 9–11 infralabials, 29–33 paravertebral tubercles of which 22–25 between limb insertions, 18 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody, 40–42 ventral scale rows at midbody, poorly defined, non-denticulate ventrolateral folds, a series of 13 or 14 enlarged femoroprecloacal scales including 2 pores on the proximalmost scales on each side separated by a single smaller medial scale in males, or six precloacal pits on a continuous series of 32–34 enlarged femoroprecloacal scales in females, no precloacal groove or depression, two or three postcloacal spurs on each side of the base of the tail in males and females, no interdigital webbing, 16–19 total subdigital lamellae on 4th toe, a row of widened median subcaudal plates, a banded dorsal pattern including an uninterrupted nuchal collar and three dark bands on dorsum, 10 or 11 dark-colored rings on original tail, and a golden iris. + + +Description of the +holotype +. Adult male ( +Figures 1 +, +2 +& +5 +). SVL 74.0 mm. TailL +93.3 mm +, tail original and complete. Head relatively long (HeadL/SVL ratio 0.30), wide (HeadW/HeadL ratio 0.66), not markedly depressed (HeadD/HeadL ratio 0.43), distinct from slender neck. Loreal region inflated, canthus rostralis not prominent. Snout elongate (SnOrb/HeadL ratio 0.41), rounded, longer than orbit diameter (OrbD/SnOrb ratio 0.85); scales on snout small, rounded to oval, granular, mostly homogeneous, larger than those on crown, interorbital and occipital regions. Eye large (OrbD/HeadL 0.35); pupil vertical with crenelated margins; supraciliaries short, bearing small conical spines. Ear opening rounded, small (EarL/HeadL 0.04); orbit to ear distance smaller than orbit diameter (OrbEar/OrbD 0.81). Rostral much wider ( +3.8 mm +) than deep (2.0 mm), rostral crease about half of rostral height. Two enlarged supranasals separated from one another by two small superposed scales. Rostral in contact with first supralabials, nostrils, supranasals and internasal. Nostrils oval, more or less laterally directed, each surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial and three postnasals. Three or four rows of small scales separate orbit from supralabials. Mental triangular, distinctly wider ( +2.9 mm +) than deep ( +1.8 mm +). A single pair of greatly enlarged postmentals in broad contact behind mental, each bordered anteromedially by mental, anterolaterally by first infralabial, posterolaterally by an enlarged lateral chinshield; both postmentals collectively bordered posteriorly by three gular scales. Supralabials to mid-orbital position 8/7, enlarged supralabials to angle of jaws 10/11. Infralabials 11/10. Interorbital scale rows across narrowest point of frontal bone 18. + + +Body slender, moderately short (AG/SVL 0.39; TrunkL +43.5 mm +) with poorly defined, non-denticulate ventrolateral folds. Dorsal scales relatively homogeneous, domed; dorsal tubercles about five times size of adjacent dorsal scales, extending from nape onto tail, smaller tubercles on postocular region, crown, occiput and nape; most tubercles bearing a strong keel, less marked on lower flank tubercles; tubercles on posterior trunk and sacral region most prominent; tubercles in 18 rows at midbody, separated from one another by two to four, but generally three, dorsal granules. Ten or 11 granular dorsal scales surround each tubercle. Ventral scales larger than dorsals, smooth, oval and subimbricate, largest on posterior abdomen and in precloacal region. Midbody scale rows across belly between ventrolateral folds 42. Gular region with homogeneous, smooth, juxtaposed granular scales. No precloacal groove or depression. On each side a continuous series of 13 enlarged femoroprecloacal scales, the two proximalmost bearing each a pore; the two series separated by a diastema of one poreless medial scale. Postcloacal spurs each bearing two enlarged, conical scales. + + + +FIGURE 1. +Live adult male holotype of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +in situ +at the type-locality. Photo. by N. Panitvong. + + +Scales on palm and sole smooth, rounded to oval or hexagonal, slightly domed. Scalation on dorsal surface of hind and forelimbs similar to body dorsum with enlarged tubercles interspersed among smaller scales. Fore- and hind limbs relatively long, slender (FaL/SVL 0.15, TibL/SVL 0.21). Digits long, slender, inflected at interphalangeal joints, all bearing robust, slightly recurved claws. Basal subdigital lamellae broad, oval to rectangular, without scansorial surfaces (5-4-4-5-6 right manus, 3-4-5-6-6 right pes); narrow lamellae distal to digital inflection and not including ventral claw sheath: 10-12-12-10-11 (right manus), 10-11-13-12-15 (right pes); no interdigital webbing. Relative lengths of digits: IV>III>V>II>I (manus), IV>V>III>II>I (pes). Tail original and complete, gently tapering to pointed tip, distinctly longer than SVL (TailL/SVL ratio 1.26). A single median row of enlarged subcaudal plates. + +In life, dorsal ground color of head, dorsum and limbs light olive brown. Poorly marked reticulations on head. Area above orbits bluish. A brown continuous nuchal loop, pursuing a brown preorbital stripe, connects orbits. Three brown bands on dorsum, longer than their light interspace, the anterior one beginning above the shoulder; the anterior and posterior borders of the collar and these brown bands black; numerous black irregular marks on the light interspaces ( +Figure 1 +). Irregular thin, black bars on upper surface of limbs, hands and feet. Background color of anterior part of tail olive brown as dorsum, turning to white posteriorly, with ten dark rings (dark brown anteriorly, turning to black posteriorly), encircling the tail; irregular black marks on the light interspaces between the dark rings. Iris golden. Supralabials, infralabials, throat, venter and undersides of fore- and hind limbs uniformly whitish. + + + +FIGURE 2. +Preserved holotype of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +A. General ventral view. B. Dorsal view of the head. C. Ventral view of the head. D. Lateral left view of the base of the tail; left hemipenis visible. Photos. by M. Sumontha. + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Live adult male paratype of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +(CUMZ-R-2597). A. General view of left side. B. Right profile of head and forebody. C. Cloacal area. Photos. by M. Sumontha. + + + + +FIGURE 4. +Live adult female paratype of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +(CUMZ-R-2594). A. General view of left side. B. Right profile of head and forebody. C. Cloacal area. Photos. by M. Sumontha. + + + +Variation. Main morphometric and meristic characters of the type series are provided in +Table 1 +. Similarly to the +holotype +, ten or 11 granular dorsal scales surround each tubercle in the +paratypes +. While both males show four precloacal pores separated by a diastema of one scale, both females have a continuous series of six pitted precloacal scales, and more enlarged femoroprecloacal scales (32–34 +versus +26–28). Besides the +holotype +, only one other type, the female +CUMZ-R-2595 +, has a complete, original tail, with a TailL/SVL ratio of 1.08, thus proportionally a bit shorter, and ten dark rings ( +Figure 5 +). The reticulate pattern on the head is more marked on +two paratypes +( +CUMZ-R-2594 +and +CUMZ-R-2597 +; +Figures 3 +and +4 +) than in the +holotype +. The only known juvenile shows a pattern similar to that of the adults, but more contrasted, with 11 dark rings on tail ( +Figure 6 +). The regenerated parts of tail show no more rings, but a light to dark brown background color mottled with black, above and below, and no more widened subcaudals. + + + +TABLE 1. +Meristic and morphometric (in mm) data for the type series of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +Paired meristic +characters are given left/right; paired measurements are given for the right side. NA = not assessed / not available. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Holotype, CUMZ-R-2596Paratype, CUMZ-R-2597Paratype, CUMZ-R-2594Paratype, CUMZ-R-2595
SexMaleMaleFemaleFemale
SVL74.077.085.084.4
TrunkL43.545.752.649.0
AG29.035.438.435.3
TailL93.3 (original)76.0 (68.3 regenerated)88.5 (63.6 regenerated)91.4 (original)
TailW7.37.27.28.4
HeadL22.124.424.425.3
HeadW14.516.017.716.4
HeadD9.59.210.310.7
RosW3.83.73.63.9
RosH2.01.51.91.9
MenW2.92.93.23.1
MenL1.81.82.32.9
InterN2.32.82.52.7
SnOrb9.19.59.59.6
NosOrb6.36.76.37.0
OrbD7.77.58.27.2
InterOrb3.83.94.24.1
OrbEar6.26.97.67.1
EarL0.80.81.30.9
NeckW6.76.88.79.7
FaL10.911.311.010.8
TibL15.414.615.315.8
DigitL I–V4.4–5.9–6.6–6.8–6.14.3–NA–5.8–6.2–6.05.6–6.1–7.8–7.8–6.44.8–6.3–7.2–7.2–6.5
Relative DigitLIV> III> V> II> INAIV = III> V> II> IIV = III> V> II> I
ToeL I–V4.0–6.5–7.2–7.6–7.54.0–6.3–6.9–7.7–7.35.1–7.1–7.4–8.4–7.75.3–6.4–6.3–8.4–8.2
Relative ToeLIV> V> III> II> IIV> V> III> II> IIV> V> III> II> IIV> V> II> III> I
SL10/1111/1010/1212/11
SLMOrb8/78/88/89/8
IL11/1010/119/109/10
InterCilS37373735
InterOrbS18171518
DigitLa I–V (left manus)(5+10)–(4+10)–(4+12)– (5+12)–(6+11)(4+8)–(4+10)–(4+11)– (5+11)–(4+10)(4+9)–(4+10)–(4+12)– (5+10)–(5+9)(4+8)–(4+9)–(4+12)– (4+10)–(4+9)
DigitLa I–V (right manus)(5+10)–(4+12)–(4+12)– (5+10)–(6+11)(3+7)–(4+9)–(4+13)– (5+11)–(4+11)(4+7)–(4+8)–(4+11)– (5+9)–(5+9)(4+7)–(4+7)–(4+10)– (4+11)–(4+9)
ToeLa I–V (left pes)(3+10)–(4+11)–(5+14)– (6+13)–(5+15)(4+9)–(4+9)–(4+10)– (6+10)–(5+9)(3+9)–(4+10)–(5+11)– (6+12)–(4+12)(3+8)–(4+9)–(4+12)– (6+11)–(5+12)
ToeLa I–V (right pes)(3+10)–(4+11)–(5+13)– (6+12)–(6+15)(5+10)–(4+11)–(4+14)– (5+13)–(5+14)(3+8)–(4+10)–(4+12)– (6+11)–(5+12)(3+9)–(3+8)–(3+12)– (5+12)–(5+12)
DTR18181818
PV30323329
PV’23242522
VentR42404240
FemPreEnSc13+13 (diastema 1 scale)14+14 (diastema 1 scale)34 (no diastema)32 (no diastema)
FemPre Po/Pi2 PrePo+2 PrePo2 PrePo+2 PrePo6 PrePi6 PrePi
Postcloacal spurs2/23/22/23/2
+ + + +FIGURE 5. +Preserved type series of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +From top to bottom: Holotype CUMZ-R-2596, paratype CUMZ-R-2594, paratype CUMZ-R-2597 and paratype CUMZ-R-2595. Photo. by M. Sumontha. + + + +Distribution and natural history. All adult individuals observed, including the type-series, were found at night within the twilight zone and the entrance zone of Khao Chan Cave or just outside its entrance. Several juveniles were observed, all just outside the cave. + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + +sp. nov. +is a trogloxene species ( +sensu +Jantarit & Ellis 2023 +) with a karst ecotype ( +sensu + +Grismer +et al +. 2020b + +, +2021c +). It is so far known only from its type-locality ( +Figures 7 +and +8 +). Within the cave, near its entrance, it was observed with the reptiles + +Calotes versicolor +(Daudin) + +( +Agamidae +), + +Dixonius siamensis +(Boulenger) + +, + +Gehyra wongchan +Pauwels, Meesook, Kunya, Donbundit & Sumontha + +, + +Gekko gecko +(Linnaeus) + +, + +G. pradapdao +Meesook, Sumontha, Donbundit & Pauwels + +, + +Hemidactylus frenatus +Duméril & Bibron + +, + +H. platyurus +(Schneider) + +( +Gekkonidae +), + +Lycodon capucinus +Boie + +, + +L. davisonii +(Blanford) + +( +Colubridae +) and + +Trimeresurus macrops +Kramer + +( +Viperidae +), and the amphibians + +Duttaphrynus melanostictus +(Schneider) + +( +Bufonidae +) and + +Polypedates megacephalus +Hallowell + +( +Rhacophoridae +). Just outside the cave entrance, it was found with the amphibians + +Microhyla heymonsi +Vogt + +( +Microhylidae +) and + +Fejervarya limnocharis +(Gravenhorst) + +( +Ranidae +). + + + +FIGURE 6. +Live juvenile + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +in dorsal view, with a complete and original tail. Individual not collected. Photo. by M. Sumontha. + + + +Etymology. The specific epithet honors our friend, the Thai zoologist, conservationist and photographer Nonn Panitvong, for his contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of the +Kingdom of Thailand +. We suggest the following common names: ตุ๊กกายถ้ำลพบุรี ( +Took-kai-tham-Lopburi +; Thai), +Lopburi +Bent-toed +Gecko (English) +, and + +Cyrtodactyle de +Lopburi + +(French). + + +Comparison to other species. + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +is readily distinguishable from + +C. cardamomensis +Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Neang, Poyarkov, Ngo, Nazarov, Aowphol, Pauwels, Nguyen & Grismer + +, + +C. intermedius +Smith + +, + +C. kulenensis +Grismer, Geissler, Neang, Hartmann, Wagner & Poyarkov + +, + +C. thylacodactylus +Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Neang, Poyarkov, Ngo, Nazarov, Aowphol, Pauwels, Nguyen & Grismer + +and other members of the + +C. intermedius + +complex by the presence of numerous black marks on the light interspaces on dorsum and tail ( +versus +absence of black marks), and by the absence ( +versus +presence) of a dotted line of white tubercles outlining the dark dorsal bands (see + +Murdoch +et al +. 2019 + +and + +Grismer +et al +. 2020a + +, +2021a +, +2023a +). By its discontinuous series of 4 PrePo in males, it is moreover distinguished from + +Cyrtodactylus cardamomensis + +(9 or 10 PrePo in a continuous series in males), + +C. intermedius + +(8–10 PrePo in a continuous series in males), + +C. kulenensis + +(9 or 10 PrePo in a continuous series in males) and + +C. thylacodactylus + +(7–9 PrePo in a continuous series in males). + + +By its regular banded dorsal pattern and its four precloacal pores in an interrupted series in males, + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +is easily recognizable from + +C. amphipetraeus +Chomdej, Suwannapoom, Pawangkhanant, Pradit, Nazarov, Grismer & Poyarkov + +(very irregular bands or blotches; 10–12 FemPo and seven to nine PrePo in males; see + +Chomdej +et al +. 2020 + +), + +C. angularis +(Smith) + +(blotched; five or six PrePo pores in males; see +Smith 1921 +and +Ulber & Grossmann 1991 +), + +C. jarujini + +(blotched; 52–54 FemPrePo in males; see +Ulber 1993 +; +Chan-ard 2007 +; + +Sumontha +et al +. 2008 + +and + +Thongnetr +et al +. 2021 + +), + +C. monilatus +Yodthong, Rujirawan, Stuart, Grismer, Aksornneam, Termprayoon, Ampai & Aowphol + +(blotched; absence of pores in both sexes; see + +Yodthong +et al +. 2022 + +), + +C. oldhami +(Theobald) + +(striped/dotted) and + +C. phetchaburiensis +Pauwels, Sumontha & Bauer + +(striped/blotched; five PrePo in males; see +Theobald 1876 +and + +Pauwels +et al +. 2016a + +). + + + +FIGURE 7. +Map showing the position of the type-locality of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +Map by W. Sodob. + + + +It differs from + +Cyrtodactylus lenya +Mulcahy, Thura & Zug + +by its possession of three ( +versus +five) dark bands on dorsum and of precloacal pores ( +versus +absence of pores) (see + +Connette +et al. +2017 + +). Its nuchal collar and dorsal bands are much longer than those of + +Cyrtodactylus saiyok +Panitvong, Sumontha, Tunprasert & Pauwels + +, whose males show five PrePo in a continuous series (see + +Panitvong +et al +. 2014 + +and + +Aksornneam +et al +. 2023 + +). It differs from + +Cyrtodactylus sumonthai +Bauer, Pauwels & Chanhome + +by its numerous black marks on the light interspaces on dorsum ( +versus +a few dark marks), its three dark bands on dorsum ( +versus +4). + +Cyrtodactylus sumonthai + +has one or two PrePo and no enlarged femoral scales (see + +Bauer +et al +. 2002 + +and + +Panitvong +et al +. 2012 + +). + + + + + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +does not have a prehensile tail, contrary to + +C. denticulatus +Chomdej, Suwannapoom, Pradit, Phupanbai & Grismer + +(13 PrePo in males), + +C. fluvicavus +Grismer, Aowphol, Yodthong, Ampai, Termprayoon, Aksornneam & Rujirawan + +(14 or 15 PrePo and 8–11 FemPo in males), + +C. interdigitalis +Ulber + +(14 PrePo and 17 FemPo in males), + +C. rivularis +Grismer, Aowphol, Yodthong, Ampai, Termprayoon, Aksornneam & Rujirawan + +(series of enlarged precloacal and femoral scales disjunct), + +C. rukhadeva +Grismer, Suwannapoom, Pawangkhanant, Nazarov, Yushchenko, Naiduangchan, Le, Luu & Poyarkov + +(17 PrePo and 20 FemPo in males), + +C. thongphaphumensis +Grismer, Rujirawan, Chomdej, Suwannapoom, Yodthong, Aksornneam & Aowphol + +(15 PrePo and 12–16 FemPo in males) and + +C. uthaiensis +Grismer, Aowphol, Yodthong, Ampai, Termprayoon, Aksornneam & Rujirawan + +(14 PrePo and 12 FemPo in males) (see + +Grismer +et al +. 2021b + +, +2022a +, +2023b +and + +Chomdej +et al. +2023 + +). + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +lacks the webbing and the strongly developed ventrolateral folds of + +C. ngati +Le, Sitthivong, Tran, Grismer, Nguyen, Le, Ziegler & Luu + +(13 PrePo and 14 FemPo in males), and has a much more contrasted dorsal pattern (see + +Le +et al. +2021 + +and + +Grismer +et al +. 2022b + +). + + + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +has a longer nuchal collar than + +C. auribalteatus +Sumontha, Panitvong & Deein + +(six PrePo and nine or ten FemPo), and the adults lack the round spots within the light dorsal bands of the latter (see + +Sumontha +et al +. 2010 + +). Contrary to + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +, the light dorsal bands of + +C. samroiyot +Pauwels & Sumontha + +(seven PrePo in a continuous series in males) and + +C. tigroides +Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels + +are uniform or with a few round spots (see + +Bauer +et al +. 2003 + +and Pauwels & Sumontha 2014). While the light bands of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +bear irregular black marks, those of + +C. chanhomeae +Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels + +show a straight band (32–34 FemPrePo in males; see + +Bauer +et al +. 2003 + +). + + +Within a +400 km +radius, the only species showing patterns resembling that of + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +are + +C. kunyai +Pauwels, Sumontha, Keeratikiat & Phanamphon + +, + +C. muangfuangensis +Sitthivong, Luu, Ha, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler + +and + +C. papilionoides +Ulber & Grossmann. + + +Cyrtodactylus panitvongi + + +sp. nov. + +is distinguished from + +C. kunyai + +by its uninterrupted ( +versus +interrupted) nuchal collar, a golden ( +versus +dark orangeish) iris, distinctly higher VentR (40–42 +versus +34), and absence ( +versus +presence) of FemPo in males (see Pauwels +et al +. 2014). It differs from + +C. muangfuangensis + +by its three ( +versus +four) dark bands on dorsum, its higher DTR (18 +versus +15 or 16), higher VentR (40–42 +versus +31–37), lower number of PrePo (four +versus +six), absence of FemPo ( +versus +presence), and absence of pores in females ( +versus +presence) (see + +Sitthivong +et al +. 2019 + +). It can be separated from + +C. papilionoides + +based on its uninterrupted ( +versus +partly or totally interrupted) nuchal collar, its higher DTR (18 +versus +12–14), distinctly higher VentR (40–42 +versus +30–34) and interrupted ( +versus +uninterrupted) series of PrePo. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A6/45/87/A645879CE812F63DFF19F8AEF08AFC79.xml b/data/A6/45/87/A645879CE812F63DFF19F8AEF08AFC79.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d97957ddc05 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A6/45/87/A645879CE812F63DFF19F8AEF08AFC79.xml @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ + + + +Two new species of the spider wasp genus Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) in China, with a key to Chinese species + + + +Author + +Liu, Yongxiu +0009-0009-6833-0990 +guiqiongr@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Song, Zhiyan +0009-0006-0849-1758 + + + +Author + +Li, Qiang +0000-0001-5950-8843 + + + +Author + +Ma, Li +0000-0002-3436-1387 +maliwasps@aliyun.com + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-09-18 + + +5512 + + +1 + + +80 +92 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.1.6 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5512.1.6 +1175-5326 +13848515 +DAB83FAB-C985-48FA-BE09-9F5EEDED9672 + + + + + + +Key to the Chinese species of the genus + +Paracyphononyx + + + + + + + + +Female (unknown for + +P. kollhoffi +Haupt + +) + + + +1. All legs black (Fig. 1A)................................................................................ 2 - Hind femora and tibiae red (Fig. 3A)...................................................................... 3 + + +2. Metasomal terga 1–3 with squamiform pubescence; ocelli forming a right-angled triangle; ratio of malar space to mandible width at base = 5:12; ratio of SMC2 to SMC3 on vein +M += 1:1..................... + +P. pilisquamatus +Liu & Ma + +, + +sp. nov +. + + + +- Metasomal terga 1–3 covered with short, bluish-gray pubescence basally; ocelli forming an obtuse-angled triangle; ratio of malar space to mandible width at base = 5:8; ratio of SMC2 to SMC3 on vein +M += 3:5............ + +P. alienus +( +Smith, 1879 +) + + + +3. Apical sternum strongly compressed laterally, with a distinct longitudinal ridge ventrally (as in +Fig. 1G +); SMC3 strongly narrowed above, much shorter than below, quadrilateral, not petiolate; longer spur of hind tibia fully two-thirds of basitarsus................................................................................ + +P. pedestris +( +Smith, 1855 +) + + + +- Apical sternum moderately compressed laterally, without a longitudinal ridge ventrally ( +Fig. 3G +); SMC3 strongly narrowed above and forming triangle, petiolate ( +Fig. 3F +); longer spur of hind tibia fully one half of basitarsus........................................................................................... + +P. noncarinulatus +Liu & Ma + +, + +sp. nov +. + + + +Male + + + + + + +1. All legs black ( +Fig. 2A +)................................................................................ 2 + + + + +- Hind femora and tibiae red ( +Fig. 4A +)...................................................................... 4 + + + + + + +2. POD = OOD; A1 + A2 = A3; vertex flat between eye tops................................... + +P. kollhoffi +Haupt, 1938 + + + + +- POD> OOD; A1 + A2> A3; vertex slightly convex between eye tops........................................... 3 + + + + + +3. Metasomal terga without white squamiform pubescence; ratio of malar space to mandible width basally = 5:8; paramere extending far beyond apex of digitus volsellaris, aedeagus with a very short, transparent membranous band apically, length of transparent membranous band about 0.2 × aedeagus........................................ + +P. alienus +( +Smith, 1879 +) + + + + + +- Metasomal terga 1–3 and hind coxa dorsally with white squamiform pubescence ( +Fig. 2A +); ratio of malar space to mandible width basally = 6:12; paramere short, aedeagus with distinct, transparent membrane band apically, length of transparent membranous band equal to aedeagus ( +Fig. 2H, I +)................................ + +P. pilisquamatus +Liu & Ma + +, + +sp. nov +. + + + + + + + +4. Pronotum without yellowish white stripe at posterior margin ( +Fig. 4F +); metasoma with stout, short setae at apex ( +Fig. 4A +); SMC3 strongly narrowed above and forming triangle, petiolate ( +Fig. 4H +); longer spur of hind tibia fully five-sixths of basitarsus......................................................................... + +P. noncarinulatus +Liu & Ma + +, + +sp. nov +. + + + + + +- Pronotum with yellowish white stripe at posterior margin; metasoma with long setae at apex; SMC3 strongly narrowed above, quadrilateral, not petiolate; longer spur of hind tibia fully half of basitarsus................... + +P. pedestris +( +Smith, 1855 +) + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A6/45/87/A645879CE812F63EFF19FE68F6A6F96F.xml b/data/A6/45/87/A645879CE812F63EFF19FE68F6A6F96F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f0b80d4f665 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A6/45/87/A645879CE812F63EFF19FE68F6A6F96F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ + + + +Two new species of the spider wasp genus Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) in China, with a key to Chinese species + + + +Author + +Liu, Yongxiu +0009-0009-6833-0990 +guiqiongr@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Song, Zhiyan +0009-0006-0849-1758 + + + +Author + +Li, Qiang +0000-0001-5950-8843 + + + +Author + +Ma, Li +0000-0002-3436-1387 +maliwasps@aliyun.com + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-09-18 + + +5512 + + +1 + + +80 +92 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.1.6 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5512.1.6 +1175-5326 +13848515 +DAB83FAB-C985-48FA-BE09-9F5EEDED9672 + + + + + + +Genus + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884 + + + + + + + + + + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884: 306 + + +. +Type +species: + +Paracyphononyx melanicrus +Gribodo + +, monobasic. + + + + + + +Paracyphonyx +Ashmead, 1902: 81 + + +. +Type +species: + +Paracyphononyx metemmensis +Magretti + +, monobasic. Junior subjective synonym of + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884 + +according to + +Evans 1951: 304 + +. + + + + + + +Allocyphonyx +Ashmead, 1902: 136 + + +. +Type +species: +pompilus maurus +Cresson (= +funereus +Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau), monobasic. Junior subjective synonym of + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884 + +according to + +Evans 1951: 304 + +. + + + + + + +Pompiloides +Šustera, 1912: 180 + + +, 203. +Type +species: + +Pompilus ruficrus +Klug + +, monobasic. Junior subjective synonym of + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884 + +according to + +Evans 1951: 304 + +. + + + + + + +Dicyrtomus +Haupt, 1927: 150 + + +, 256. +Type +species: + +Pompilus ruficrus +Klug + +, original designation. Junior subjective synonym of + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884 + +according to + +Gussakovskij 1935: 135 + +. + + + + + + +Anacyphononyx +Haupt, 1950: 59 + + +. +Type +species: + +Pompilus semiplumbeus +Taschenberg + +, original designation. Junior subjective synonym of + +Paracyphononyx +Gribodo, 1884 + +according to + +Evans 1966: 424 + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis. +Body length +6–20 mm +. Black, occasionally with red, white, brown, or yellow spots or stripes on head, mesosoma and legs; metanotum and propodeal declivity with dense, erect pubescence or appressed setae. Gena very narrow; labrum completely exposed, semicircular, truncate apically; mandibles with a tooth on inner margin close to apex; malar space well developed in males, about as long as or longer than antennal pedicel, often well developed in females; eye wide, at least as wide as half of face, their inner margins more or less parallel but slightly emarginate at middle; flagellomeres strongly crenulate in lateral view in males. Scutellum steeply declined laterally; metapostnotum narrow, slightly expanded on each side of midline, slightly concave at middle. Legs with strong spines, fore tarsus without tarsal comb in female, tarsomere 5 with or without spines beneath; all tarsal claws bifid in female; male fore tarsal claws not modified and bifid as in female or modified, i.e., inner claw more strongly curved than outer claw, rest of tarsal claws bifid. Forewing with small pterostigma and three submarginal cells; SMC3 strongly narrowed above, often triangular or petiolate; metasoma of female with lateral margin slightly convex; apical sternum somewhat compressed laterally and ridged medially, metasomal sternum 6 and tergum 6 with long, sparse setae ( +Arnold 1936 +, +Evans 1966 +). + + + + +Biology. +Species of + +Paracyphononyx + +are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of lycocid spiders. They build nests in pre-existing holes in the soil or in burrows they dig themselves ( +Martins 1991 +). Some species are koinobiont ectoparasitoids, which paralyze their host and lay eggs on the spider’s abdomen, but allow the host to resume its activities ( +Conley 1985 +, +El-Hennawy 1996 +). Typically, species of this genus are solitary, with adults feeding on nectar or honeydew ( + +da Silva Souza +et al +. 2015 + +). + + + + +Distribution. +Oriental Region: +China +( +Taiwan) +, the +Philippines +; Palearctic Region: +Egypt +, +Italy +, +Iran +, +Turkmenistan +, +Tajikistan +, +China +, +Japan +; Ethiopian Region: +Angola +, Congo, +Ethiopia +, +Guinea +, +Madagascar +, +Senegal +, +South Africa +, +Tanzania +, +Zimbabwe +; Neotropical Region: +Argentina +, +Brazil +, +Guatemala +, +Mexico +, +Peru +; Nearctic Region: the +United States +; Australian Region: +Australia +( +Arnold 1951 +, +1960 +, +1962 +, +Banks 1934 +, +1940 +, +Brethes 1913 +, +Gussakovskij 1952 +, +Holmberg 1882 +, +Kohl 1894 +, +Priesner 1955 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file