diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ccb29081277 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235501FF94FD92E2BFFAC5CC6B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,633 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola pamira + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +F8D21997-9A6A-4B66-80D3-10638D797C48 + +Figs 13, 14 +, +48 +, +95–96 +, +122 +, +149–150 +, +180 +, +214–215 +, +241 +, +271–272 +, +301–302 +, +318 +, +334–336 +, +363–364 +, +418–428 +, +520–523 +, 584–586, 676, 680–690, 754 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Males of + +Raveniola pamira + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from those of the related species in possessing a differently built basal section of the embolus, which appears to be either considerably longer than that in + +R +. +dolosa + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +ignobilis + +sp. nov +, or provided with smaller and lower embolic keels than those in + +R +. +cucullata + +sp. nov. +( +Figs 418–428 +cf. +Figs 389–399 +, +403–408 +). In females of + +R +. +pamira + +, the spermathecal branches are either shorter or separated broader from each other than those in + +R +. +cucullata + +, + +R +. +dolosa + +and + +R +. +ignobilis + +, or they are longer and stronger than those branches in + +R +. +sororcula + +sp. nov. +( +Figs 520–523 +cf. +Figs 495–503 +, +509 +, +524–525 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the range of this species: the Pamir(s) mountain system. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Western Pamir +, +Darvaz Mts +(southern slope), +Obiviskharvi Canyon +, + +9 km +NE of Ubagan Village + +; +38°34.9′ N +, +71°09.2′ E +; + +2800–3000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +14 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +4 ♂♂ +, +11 ♀♀ +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 ♀ +; same collecting data as for holotype; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♂♂ +, +8 ♀♀ +; same collecting data as for preceding, +Ubagandara Gorge +, surroundings of +Ubagan Village +; +38°32′ N +, +71°03′ E +; + +1950– 2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collecting data as for preceding, environs of the abandoned +Viskharvi-Bolo Village +; +38°33′ N +, +71°05′ E +; + +2100–2300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +13 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +1 ♀ +, +1 ♀ +subad., 3 juvs) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 ♀ +subad., 3 juvs; +Darvaz Mts +, +Sagirdasht Pass +; +38°38′ N +, +70°43′ E +; + +3400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +27 May 1970 + +; +E.M. Andreeva +leg.; +MIZW + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Peter I Mts +, +Childara Canyon +, +Shahobdara Gorge +, + +4 km +NNW of Shahob Village + +; +38°51′ N +, +70°18′ E +; + +1900–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +12 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 13. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 16.65, CL 7.19, CW 6.44, LL 0.72, LW 1.10, SL 3.36, SW 3.07. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace and leg I from femur to basal metatarsus brownish orange; other parts of leg I, and entire palps and legs II–IV, as well as sternum, labium and maxillae lighter brownish orange; eye tubercle with eyes surrounded with partially fused blackish rings, chelicerae light cherry red, abdomen including spinnerets pale yellowish brown, dorsally with distinct chestnut brown chevron-like pattern, ventrally with few small brownish marks. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 95 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 149 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.19), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.20, PME 0.17; AME–AME 0.16(0.12), ALE–AME 0.10(0.08), ALE–PLE 0.14, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.38. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 7–8 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 214 +. Maxillae with ca 70 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 271 +, +301 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 15–22 on metatarsi, 15–19 on tarsi, 10–11 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 9–11 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4, pd1, rd1; patella p2; tibia d4(3), p2, r3, v6(5); cymbium d7(5)+3–4 spikes. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2; tibia p3(2), pv2, r1, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd1; patella p2; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus v5. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d3(1), p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d4, p3, r3, v5. Leg IV: femur d4(3), pd3, rd3(2); patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v9(8); metatarsus dp5(4), p3, r3, v8. Metatarsus I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 363 +. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part ( +Figs 418–422 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. PMS: length 0.44, diameter 0.21. PLS: maximal diameter 0.58; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.25, 0.81, 0.73; total length 2.79; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.86 (4.49)2.32 (2.53)3.38 (3.51)–1.12 (2.93)10.68 (13.46)
Leg I6.58 (6.89)3.47 (4.11)5.57 (5.21)5.65 (4.24)2.92 (2.82)24.19 (23.27)
Leg II6.42 (6.46)3.18 (3.73)5.18 (4.60)5.69 (4.20)2.80 (2.83)23.27 (21.82)
Leg III5.54 (5.36)2.81 (2.81)4.03 (3.52)5.29 (4.68)2.67 (2.74)20.34 (19.11)
Leg IV6.64 (6.87)2.97 (3.33)5.10 (5.03)7.23 (6.38)3.07 (3.20)25.01 (24.81)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 48. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 23.70, CL 8.81, CW 7.74, LL 0.86, LW 1.55, SL 4.44, SW 3.97. + + +COLOUR +. Similar to that of male, except for evenly light brownish orange legs I–IV and dark cherry red chelicerae. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 122 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 180 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.18(0.24), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.22, PME 0.20; AME–AME 0.19(0.13), ALE–AME 0.19(0.16), ALE–PLE 0.26, PLE–PME 0.08, PME–PME 0.66. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 8 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 241 +. Maxillae with ca 70 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus IV as shown in +Fig. 318 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire and dense on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II; sparser and widely divided by setae on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, 14–18 on metatarsi, 13–15 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 7–9 and 9–11 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3–4 long dorsal spine-like setae. Palpal patella, patella I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd2, rd1; tibia p2, v7; tarsus v4. Leg I: femur pd3; tibia p2, v5; metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd4; patella p1; tibia p3, v6; metatarsus v7. Leg III: femur pd3(1), rd3(2); patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia p3, r3(2), v7; metatarsus d2, p4, r3, v10. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with relatively low and wide base carrying two unevenly thick branches: long, stout and apically mostly trilobate inner brach, and a similarly long but much more slender and undivided outer branch ( +Fig. 520 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 585–586. PMS: length 1.06, diameter 0.32. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.64, 0.97, 0.88; total length 3.49; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n =4) ranges from 5.66 to 7.19, in females (n =9) from 5.65 to 8.81. Variations in the colouration and in the conformation of the eye group, sternum, labium and maxillae are shown in +Figs 14 +, +96 +, +215 +; in the shape of the male tibia I, metatarsus I and palp in +Figs 272 +, +302 +, +364 +; in the structure of the copulatory bulb and the spermathecae in +Figs 323–328 +and +521–523 +. The structural peculiarities of tarsus I are shown in +Fig. 336 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The spiders were found in riverside gallery woodlands dominated by + +Juglans regia + +and in the abovelocated subalpine and alpine meadow biotopes. All specimens were collected from their retreats under stones ( +Figs 676, 680–690 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known from the mid-mountain and highland zones of Darvaz Mts and Peter I Mts. See +Fig. 754 +. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +Andreeva (1975 +, +1976 +) mentioned “ + +Brachythele +sp. + +”, unexpectedly found in the highlands of Darvaz Mts at altitudes of +3400 m +(Sagirdasht Pass) and +3500–3700 m +(“in the upper parts of the Viskharv Valley”). In the course of the current study, the specimens from the former locality, deposited in MIZW, were examined and identified as belonging to + +R +. +pamira + +sp. nov. +(see the list of the additional material above). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9abcde68cab --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235503FF91FD9BE4A9FD49CB0D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola ornatula + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +5B8115AD-5059-44AC-80CB-5B4CA05A8158 + + + + + +Figs 12 +, +47 +, +94 +, +121 +, +148 +, +179 +, +213 +, +240 +, +270 +, +299–300 +, +362 +, +415–417 +, +517–519 +, 581–583, 674, 753 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The new species shares with + +R +. +ornata + +sp. nov. +a rich dorsal abdominal pattern, a wide roundish sternum, small PMS and a more or less densely ornamented ventral surface of the abdomen, but can be distinguished from the latter in possessing an even denser ventral abdominal pattern ( +Figs 12 +, +47 +, +213 +, +240 +, 581–583 cf. +Figs 11 +, +45–46 +, +212 +, +239 +, 577–580). Males of + +R +. +ornatula + +sp. nov. +differ from males of the latter species in having a shorter and wider basal section of the embolus ( +Figs 415–417 +cf. +Figs 412–414 +). The conspecific females can be distinguished from females of + +R. ornata + +in possessing larger but less numerous maxillary cuspules, as well as shorter and stouter basal (inner) branches of the spermathecae ( +Figs 240 +, +517–519 +cf. +Figs 239 +, +513–516 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘decorated’; the name refers to a very dense maculate dorsal and ventral abdominal pattern; it should also emphasize the similarity of this species to a closely related congener, + +Raveniola ornata + +sp. nov. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Hazratisho Mts +, +Yahsu Canyon +, +Sangdara Gorge +; +38°22′ N +, +70°10′ E +; + +1450 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Oct. 1987 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 ♂ +, +5 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1450–1800 m +a.s.l. + +; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 12. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 11.35, CL 4.27, CW 3.94, LL 0.30, LW 0.81, SL 2.12, SW 2.01. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs medium brownish orange (all appendages gradually lighten toward apices); eye tubercle with AMEs widely bordered and other eyes emarginated with blackish coloured cuticle, chelicerae reddish orange; sternum, labium and maxillae pale brownish yellow; abdomen yellowish brown with numerous brownish marks forming well-developed reticulate pattern on both dorsum and side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 94 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 148 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.20), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.14, PME 0.14; AME–AME 0.14(0.08), ALE–AME 0.09(0.06), ALE–PLE 0.10, PLE–PME 0.07, PME–PME 0.34. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 5–6 relatively large and raised mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 213 +. Maxillae with 30–31 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 270 +, +299 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 11–13 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi, 7–8 on cymbium. PTC I–II and III–IV with 8–10 and 9–11 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd2; patella pd1; tibia d2, p3, r2, v6; cymbium d6(4). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3(2); patella p1; tibia p2, pv2, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1(0). Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v7(6); metatarsus v5(4). Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3(2); patella p2, r1; tibia d2, p3(2), r4(3), v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r4, v9. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 362 +. Embolus with short and conical basal portion lacking keel, and with even shorter and twisted apical part ( +Figs 415–417 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 581. PMS: length 0.31, diameter 0.10. PLS: maximal diameter 0.38; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.58, 0.43, 0.42; total length 1.43; apical segment shortly digitiform. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.60 (2.41)1.44 (1.40)1.99 (2.02)–0.70 (1.43)6.73 (7.26)
Leg I4.28 (3.32)2.19 (2.16)3.14 (2.33)3.60 (1.98)2.15 (1.35)15.36 (11.14)
Leg II3.85 (3.07)2.13 (1.98)2.89 (2.07)3.29 (1.96)2.11 (1.33)14.27 (10.41)
Leg III3.23 (2.67)1.59 (1.82)2.25 (1.70)3.34 (2.24)2.08 (1.49)12.49 (9.92)
Leg IV4.37 (3.44)1.91 (1.99)3.16 (2.58)4.65 (3.15)2.33 (1.74)16.42 (12.90)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 47. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 12.50, CL 4.32, CW 3.90, LL 0.37, LW 1.04, SL 2.08, SW 2.07. + + +COLOUR +. As in male, but carapace and legs paler yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 121 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 179 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.16, PME 0.12;AME–AME 0.16(0.10), ALE–AME 0.09(0.06), ALE–PLE 0.08, PLE–PME 0.08, PME–PME 0.32. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 long promarginal teeth and 4–6 relatively large mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 240 +. Maxillae with ca 35 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; narrowly divided on palpal tarsus; widely divided on tarsi I–II; absent on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7–8 each on tibiae, 8–10 on metatarsi, 10–11 on tarsi I–IV, 8 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 6–7 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 6–7 and 8–9 short teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal femur and femora I–II with 1 basodorsal spine and 3–4 dorsal bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v7; tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p1, v3; metatarsus v6(4). Leg II: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p1, v5(4); metatarsus v7. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3(2); patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r1, v7; metatarsus p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, rd1; patella p1(0), r1; tibia p2, r3, v7; metatarsus p3, r2, v7. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide basic (inner) branch and diverging from this structure long outer branch ( +Fig. 517 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 582–583. PMS: length 0.32, diameter 0.09. PLS: maximal diameter 0.43; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.85, 0.39, 0.38; total length 1.62; apical segment short digitiform. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in the only male +paratype +is 4.18, in the female +paratypes +(n=5) it ranges from 3.98 to 4.83. Variation in the structure of the metatarsus I in male and the spermathecae as shown in +Figs 300 +, +518–519 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + + +Raveniola ornatula + +sp. nov. +was found in the midland mountain zone of Hazretisho Mts. where it inhabits (sympatrically with + +R +. +cucullata + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +ignobilis + +sp. nov. +) shrubs and fragmentary broad-leaved woodlands dominated by + +Acer +spp. + +and + +Juglans regia + +( +Fig. 674 +). All spiders were found under stones. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known only from the +type +locality. See +Fig. 753 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0760438055e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235504FF95FD81E544FD49C9B2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,419 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola sororcula + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +8ECBE7DA-43F6-4D99-96B6-C87823C6E986 + + + + + +Figs 49 +, +123 +, +181 +, +242 +, +524–525 +, 587–588, 691, 698, 754 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The rich and dense dorsal ornament of the abdomen in the new species resembles that in + +Raveniola ornata + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +ornatula + +sp. nov. +( +Fig. 49 +cf. +Figs 45–47 +). However, unlike these congeners, + +R +. +sororcula + +sp. nov. +possesses a broadly oval sternum, medium-sized PMS and a very short apical segment of the PMS (vs a subcircular sternum, small PMS and digitiform apical segment of PLS; +Figs 242 +, 587–588 cf. +Figs 239–240 +, 579, 582) and lacks any more-or-less developed ventral abdominal pattern (such as shown in Figs 580, 583). In the structure of the spermathecae, + +R +. +sororcula + +seems to be similar to + +R +. +dolosa + +sp. nov. +( +Figs 524–525 +cf. +Figs 500–503 +); however, it differs from the latter species in possessing clearly larger PMS, compared with small PMS in + +R +. +dolosa + +(see Fig. 587 cf. Figs 569–570). Finally, this new species differs from the sympatric congener, + +R +. +pamira + +sp. nov. +, in having a weak cheliceral rastellum and a shorter apical segment of the PLS (vs the absence of rastellar setae and a noticeably longer apical segment of the PLS in the latter species; see Fig. 586 cf. Fig. 588). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a Latin noun meaning ‘a little sister’; the name refers to a smaller species size, compared to that of a larger sibling neighbor, + +R +. +pamira + +sp. nov. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♀ +; +Western Pamir +, +Darvaz Mts +(southern slope), +Obiviskharvi Canyon +, environs of +Hurk Village +; +38°31′ N +, +71°02′ E +; + +1600–1700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +and +A. Hakimov +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + + +Paratypes + +( +3 ♀♀ +) +TAJIKISTAN + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for holotype; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, surroundings of +Ubagan Village +; +38°32′ N +, +71°03′ E +; + +1950–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Jul. 1988 + +; S + +. + + +Zonstein leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Female +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 49. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 18.35, CL 6.77, CW 6.10, LL 0.64, LW 1.21, SL 3.55, SW 3.17. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace dark reddish brown; eye tubercle dark brown with eyes encircled with wide blackish brown rings; chelicerae very dark cherry brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs I–IV medium to dark brownish orange; abdomen medium fawn brown, dorsally with rich and dense dark reddish brown reticulate ornament (similar in its shade and intensity to carapace colouration); book lungs, epigastrum and spinnerets light yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 123 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 181 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.21), ALE 0.29, PLE 0.22, PME 0.15, AME–AME 0.16(0.10), ALE–AME 0.14(0.11), ALE–PLE 0.16, PLE–PME 0.10, PME–PME 0.47. Dorsodistal edge of chelicerae with a transverse row of ca 20 thickened and partially broken setae in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 7–8 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 242 +. Maxillae with ca 80 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II; widely divided by setae on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 15–18 on metatarsi, 11–16 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 5 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 4–7 and 7–8 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.941.852.63–2.3410.76
Leg I5.153.133.842.942.0317.09
Leg II4.823.023.203.032.1216.19
Leg III3.952.482.433.151.8413.85
Leg IV5.322.873.604.812.3718.97
+ + +SPINATION +. All femora I–II with one basodorsal spine and 3–4 dorsal bristles. Palpal patella, patella I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia p2, v8(7); tarsus v5(4). Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p1, v5(4); metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd3; patella p1; tibia p2, v5; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d2, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella r1; tibia p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p3, r3, v10(8). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae provided with low and wide base carrying two thin and weakly diverging branches ( +Fig. 524 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 587–588. PMS: length 0.64, diameter 0.22. PLS: maximal diameter 0,74; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.63, 0.30; total length 2.15; apical segment shortly triangular and obliquely truncated from base to apex in lateral view. + + +Male + +Unknown. + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in +three paratype females +varies from 6.72 to 7.79. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae as shown in +Fig. 525 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The spiders were found under stones along the stream in the riverside gallery woodland dominated by + +Juglans regia + +. Their retreats and females with cocoons are shown in +Figs 691–698 +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known only from the +type +locality. See +Fig. 754 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a9c28bbf0ed --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235509FF9EFD94E31FFCF7C9B2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola insolita + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +A3E8F4A4-7067-4053-A329-41992E5E26D9 + + + + + +Figs 10 +, +92 +, +146 +, +211 +, +268 +, +360 +, +409–411 +, 575, 677, 752 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Habitually, as well as in the structure of the copulatory bulb, the only known male of + +Raveniola insolita + +sp. nov. +resembles males of + +R +. +alajensis + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +cucullata + +sp. nov. +( +Figs 10 +, +411 +cf. +Figs 4–6 +, +387 +, +393–396 +). However, it differs from the two latter species in having either a noticeably thinner proximal section of the embolus, additionally lacking a raised keel, or a considerably longer palpal tibia, compared with + +R. alajensis + +and + +R. cucullata + +, respectively (vs a thicker embolus provided with a long raised keel and a clearly shorter palpal tibia; see +Figs 360 +, +409–410 +cf. +Figs 352, 354–355 +, +385–386 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet + +‘ +insolita + +’ is a Latin adjective (of the feminine gender) that means ‘odd, different, unusual’ and refers to the unusual male characters of the +holotype +(which are intermediate between those in + +Raveniola alajensis + +sp. nov. +and + +R. cucullata + +sp. nov. +, although the two latter species are not very closely related to one another). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Peter I Mts +, environs of +Yashilkul +(also Yashnylkul) +Lake +; ca +39°07′ N +, +71°18′ E +; + +3300–3400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +29 Jul. 1891 + +; +B. Grąbczewski +leg.; +ZISP +. + + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 10. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 14.65, CL 6.58, CW 5.70, LL 0.49, LW 1.03, SL 3.38, SW 2.92. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs dark foxy brown (legs I–II slightly darker than palps and legs III– IV); eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium reddish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae and abdomen including spinnerets paler yellowish brown; darker chevron-like dorsal abdominal pattern medium brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 92 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 146 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.18(0.23), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.19, PME 0.18; AME–AME 0.16(0.11), ALE–AME 0.13(0.11), ALE–PLE 0.13, PLE–PME 0.05, PME–PME 0.42. Anterior cheliceral edge with 30–35 slightly thickened spikes. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 211 +. Maxillae with 30–31 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Fig. 268 +. Scopula: entire distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus III; sparse and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 on tibiae, 14–18 on metatarsi, 15–16 on tarsi, 8–9 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 9–12 teeth on each margin. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp4.112.093.35–1.0110.56
Leg I6.093.154.285.112.7821.41
Leg II5.562.934.124.432.7919.83
Leg III4.822.473.024.352.5717.23
Leg IV6.113.064.516.133.0622.87
+ + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd2; patella pd1; tibia d4, p3, r3, v6; cymbium d +~ +25 spikes. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2; tibia p2, pv3, r3, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p3; tibia p2, v8; metatarsus p4(3), v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p3, r1; tibia d2, pd3, p4, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r4, v7; tarsus p1(0), r1(0). Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d2, p3, r4(3), v9; metatarsus d2, p4, r4, v8; tarsus p1, r1. Tarsi I–II aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 360 +. Embolus with long basal portion provided with rudimentary keel and shorter hooked apical part ( +Figs 409–411 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 575. PMS: length 0.52, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.56; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.98, 0.60, 0.52; total length 2.10; apical segment triangular. + + +Female + +Unknown. + + + + +Ecology + + + +Judging from the label data, the +holotype +male was collected in an alpine meadow-steppe biotope at +3300–3400 m +a.s.l. (such as shown in +Fig. 677 +). Other details remain unknown. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Tajikistan +: the eastern part of Peter I Mts. See +Fig. 752 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..848bf087ef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550BFF99FD9BE6A5FC99CDAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,520 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola ignobilis + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +17DD6055-088F-4BEF-A1D6-DD4686AF191C + +Figs 9 +, +43 +, +91 +, +118 +, +145 +, +175 +, +198 +, +210 +, +237 +, +267 +, +297 +, +315 +, +358–359 +, +403–408 +, +509 +, 573–574, 629– 631, 752 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Due to its relatively short copulatory bulb, males of + +Raveniola ignobilis + +sp. nov. +resemble the +holotype +of + +R +. +dolosa + +sp. nov. +, but differ from the latter in possessing two raised opposite keels in the proximal part of the embolus ( +Figs 403–408 +cf. +Figs 397–399 +). The conspecific females are distinguishable by a specific structure of their spermathecae, with long inner and outer branches set very close to each other ( +Fig. 509 +) vs differently arranged branches in other related species, where these branches are either shorter ( +Figs 500–503 +, +524–525 +) or broader spaced ( +Figs 495–499 +, +520–523 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘obscure’, ‘inglorious’ and referring to a rather middling (or averaged) appearance of these congeners. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Hazratisho Mts +, +Kapar +(Sangdara) +Gorge +, environs of +Sangdara Village +; +38°22′ N +, +70°10′ E +; + +1650 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Oct. 1987 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +4 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +, +1 ♀ +subad.) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +4 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1450–1800 m +a.s.l. + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +subad.; same collection data as for preceding, +Iokunj Gorge +; +38°23′ N +, +70°09′ E +; + +1700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +18 May 2002 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +1 ♀ +subad., +1 juv. +) +TAJIKISTAN +• + +1 ♀ +subad.; +Hazratisho Mts. +, + +25 km +E of Muminabad Town + +; + +24 May 1966 + +; +E.M. Andreeva +leg.; +MIZW + +• + +1 juv. +; +Darvaz Mts +, +Hirakdara Canyon +between Kalai-Husain and Safedoron + + + +Villages; +2300 m +a.s.l.; + +Juniperus + +park forest; +4 Jul. 1970 +; E.M. Andreeva leg.; +MIZW +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 9. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 14.40, CL 5.96, CW 5.59, LL 0.45, LW 0.89, SL 3.16, SW 2.87. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace and leg I from femur to basal metatarsus intensely brownish orange; other parts of leg I, and entire palps and legs II–IV, as well as sternum, labium and maxillae lighter brownish orange; eye tubercle with eyes surrounded with partially fused blackish rings, chelicerae light cherry red, abdomen pale greyish brown, dorsally with diffuse and weakly developed brownish chevron-like pattern; book-lungs and spinnerets very pale greyish yellow. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 91 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 145 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.22, PME 0.16; AME–AME 0.14(0.09), + + +ALE–AME 0.09(0.06), ALE–PLE 0.09, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.32. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 5–6 mesobasal denticles. Presumed intercheliceral tumescence poorly discernible, small, maculate and setose ( +Fig. 198 +). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 210 +. Maxillae with ca 60 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 267 +, +297 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 12–13 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I–II and III–IV with 8–9 and 10–12 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4, pd1, rd1; patella pd1; tibia d4, p3, r1, v6; cymbium d3(5)+20–25 spikes. Leg I: femur d2+2 bristles, pd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv2, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur d2+2 bristles, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v5. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2(1), r1; tibia d4, p4, r3, v7; metatarsus d4, p4, r3, v6. Leg IV: femur d3, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d3, p4, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r3, v8. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Figs 358–359 +. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part ( +Figs 403–405 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 573. PMS: length 0.48, diameter 0.14. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.80, 0.49, 0.37; total length 1.66; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.74 (3.74)1.89 (2.02)2.92 (2.42)–0.97 (2.11)9.52 (10.29)
Leg I6.09 (4.84)3.13 (2.96)4.80 (3.52)4.65 (2.64)2.59 (1.77)21.26 (15.73)
Leg II5.70 (4.41)2.81 (2.59)4.58 (3.18)4.39 (2.72)2.55 (1.78)20.03 (14.68)
Leg III4.97 (3.72)2.09 (2.01)3.53 (2.45)4.36 (3.17)2.57 (1.93)17.52 (13.28)
Leg IV6.03 (4.87)2.49 (2.62)4.79 (3.51)6.52 (4.55)3.01 (2.43)22.84 (17.98)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 43. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 16.60, CL 6.14, CW 5.58, LL 0.69, LW 1.19, SL 3.17, SW 2.86. + + +COLOUR +. Similar to that of male, but dorsal abdominal chevron-like pattern darker and better developed. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 118 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 175 +. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.16(0.22), ALE 0.30, PLE 0.17, PME 0.16; AME–AME 0.11(0.05), ALE–AME 0.10(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.09, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.43. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 8–9 promarginal teeth and 5–6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 237 +. Maxillae with 56–57 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus IV as shown in +Fig. 315 +. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7–8 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 4–5/5–6 and 6–7/8–9 teeth on inner/outer margins, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3–4 median and/or apical bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v7(6); tarsus v3(2). Leg I: femur pd2; tibia v3; + +metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd3; patella p1; tibia p2, v3; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd3, rd3(2); patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d4, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r4, v8. + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae V-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two closely arosing, equally thick, long and weakly diverging branches ( +Fig. 509 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 574. PMS: length 0.61, diameter 0.23. PLS: maximal diameter 0.63; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.06, 0.56, 0.28; total length 1.90; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in the +paratype +males (n =4) varies from 5.49 to 6.96. Some variations in the structure of the copulatory bulb as shown in +Figs 406–408 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The spiders were collected from their retreats under stones in different montane biotopes, mostly from the mixed woodlands at +1400–2300 m +, dominated by + +Juglans regia + +and + +Juniperus seravschanica + +( +Figs 629– 631 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Tajikistan +: Hazratisho and Darvaz Mts. See +Fig. 752 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..158e969299f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550CFF93FD6FE149FD47CD1C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,620 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola ornata + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +2E6AD8A1-010C-439E-8EA5-3AD43C180B86 + +Figs 11 +, +45–46 +, +72 +, +93 +, +120 +, +147 +, +178 +, +212 +, +239 +, +269 +, +298 +, +361 +, +412–414 +, +513–516 +, 577–580, 667–673, 753 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The new species shares with + +R +. +ornatula + +sp. nov. +a denser (than usual) dorsal abdominal pattern, a wide roundish sternum, small PMS and an ornamented ventral surface of the abdomen, but can be distinguished from the latter in possessing a sparser ventral abdominal pattern ( +Figs 11 +, +45–46 +, +212 +, +239 +, 577–580 cf. +Figs 12 +, +47 +, +213 +, +240 +, 581–583). Males of + +R +. +ornata + +sp. nov. +differ from males of + +R +. +ornatula + +in having a long and narrow basal section of the embolus considerably exceeding the tegulum in its length ( +Figs 412–414 +cf. +Figs 415–417 +). The conspecific females can be distinguished from females of + +R +. +ornatula + +in possessing smaller but more numerous maxillary cuspules, as well as longer and narrower basal (inner) branches of the spermathecae ( +Figs 239 +, +513–516 +cf. +Figs 240 +, +517–519 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ornate’, ‘ornamented’, ‘decorated’, and refers to a fine dorsal abdominal pattern characteristic for this species. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Sanglok Mts +, northeastern slope above +Sharshar Pass +; +38°18′ N +, +69°14′ E +; + +1880 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5 May 1991 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +1 ♂ +, +16 ♀♀ +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 ♂ +, +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1600–2200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +3–5 May 1991 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; +Gazimailik Mts +, eastern slope, + +7–8 km +WNW of Ganjina Village + +; +37°59′ N +, +68°29′ E +; + +1700–1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +20 Apr. 1989 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +7 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1900–2050 m +a.s.l. + +; + +18 Apr. 1991 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; +Panj Karatau Mts +, northeastern slope of +Mt Astana +; +37°23′ N +, +69°15′ E +; + +1500–1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +25 Apr. 1990 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +(2 juvs) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Vahsh Karatau Mts +, northern slope of +Mt Hojamaston +; +37°59′ N +, +68°58′ E +; + +1900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +24 Apr. 1989 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Babatag Mts +, + +2.5 km +ESE of Mt Zarkassa + +; +37°58′ N +, +68°11′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +1 May 1995 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 11. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.25, CL 5.94, CW 5.53, LL 0.43, LW 0.89, SL 2.84, SW 2.70. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace and leg I from femur to metatarsus medium foxy brown; tarsus I, and entire palps and legs II–IV lighter foxy brown; eye tubercle with eyes surrounded with partially fused blackish rings, chelicerae light cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light brownish orange; abdomen pale yellowish brown with numerous brownish marks forming well-developed reticulate pattern on dorsal side and incomplete spotted pattern on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 93 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 147 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.17(0.23), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.19, PME 0.17; AME–AME 0.15(0.09), ALE–AME 0.13(0.10), ALE–PLE 0.10, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.48. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 4–5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 212 +. Maxillae with 28–30 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 269 +, +298 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; vestigial on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 8–10 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd2, rd1; patella pd1; tibia d3, p3, r2, v5; cymbium d3(4)+12–15 spikes. Leg I: femur d3, pd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv1, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur d3, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v4. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d4, p4, r3, v7; metatarsus d4, p4, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2(1); patella p2, r1; tibia d2, p4, r3, v8; metatarsus d5, p4, r4, v9. Metatarsus I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 361 +. Embolus with long basal portion lacking keel and moderately short twisted apical part ( +Figs 412–414 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 577. PMS: length 0.33, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.46; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.76, 0.44, 0.52; total length 1.72; apical segment short digitiform. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.71 (3.85)1.78 (2.05)2.73 (2.69)–0.99 (2.32)9.21 (10.91)
Leg I5.97 (5.26)3.24 (3.31)4.56 (3.97)4.93 (3.48)2.71 (2.28)21.41 (18.30)
Leg II5.69 (5.02)2.81 (2.85)4.30 (3.57)4.96 (3.44)2.70 (2.27)20.46 (17.15)
Leg III4.82 (4.61)2.45 (2.43)3.65 (2.97)5.05 (4.04)2.59 (2.43)18.56 (16.48)
Leg IV6.01 (5.93)2.86 (2.88)4.66 (4.14)6.63 (5.69)2.96 (2.75)23.12 21.39)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +from Sanglok Mts) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 46. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 19.85, CL 6.74, CW 6.29, LL 0.61, LW 1.38, SL 3.37, SW 3.39. + + +COLOUR +. As in male. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 120 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 178 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20(0.26), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.24, PME 0.17; AME–AME 0.22(0.16), ALE–AME 0.16(0.13), ALE–PLE 0.16, PLE–PME 0.08, PME–PME 0.59. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 5–6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 239 +. Maxillae with 53–55 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I–II; vestigial on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, 16–18 on metatarsi, 13–16 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 6 promarginal teeth. PTC I–IV with 7–8 and 10–11 teeth on inner and outer margins, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Femora I–IV with 1–2 basodorsal spines and 2–3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d3, pd1; tibia p1, v7; tarsus v3(2). Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p1, v5; metatarsus v6(5). Leg II: femur pd3; patella p1; tibia p2(1), v6(5); metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd2, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7(6); metatarsus p4, r2, v7. Leg IV: femur rd1; patella r1; tibia d1, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus p4, r4, v7(6). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped; a relatively high and narrow base together with inner branch form spermathecal trank; the latter carries a club-like outer branch diverging close to medium part of this structure ( +Fig. 515 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 578–579. PMS: length 0.52, diameter 0.19. PLS: maximal diameter 0.78; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.05, 0.69, 0.88; total length 2.62; apical segment short digitiform. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n =2) varies from 3.67 to 5.94, in females (n=11) from 5.37 to 6.74. Variation in details of the coloration, and in structure of the spermathecae as shown in +Figs 45 +, +72 +, +513–514, 516 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + + +Raveniola ornata + +sp. nov. +inhabits montane slopes and flattened summits between 1500 and +2200 m +a.s.l., covered by shrubland and open park forest dominated by species of + +Acer + +L., + +Prunus + +L., + +Juniperus seravschanica + +and + +Cercis griffithii +Boiss. + +( +Figs 667–673 +). All spiders were found under stones. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +The far southern +Uzbekistan +and the southwestern +Tajikistan +. Despite a thorough search, the spiders were not found at altitudes below +1500 m +a.s.l. (although the bottoms of intermontane semidesert valleys are located at an altitude of +500–1000 m +a.s.l.). Therefore, the known species range is not continuous. The range of this species is mosaic, since all above-listed localities are confined to the upper zone of several low ridges (representing, within the entire area, the less aridized isolated biotopes); currently, these are entirely separated from each other. See +Fig. 753 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..51656a178c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723550FFF9CFDB3E622FDD9C87E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,421 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola karategensis + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +631DA123-F0BE-4C2B-A58E-F073BB22E75B + + + + + +Figs 44 +, +119 +, +176 +, +238 +, +316–317 +, +510–512 +, 576, 659–666, 675, 678–679, 753 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The new species shares with + +Raveniola afghana + +sp. nov. +, + +R. alajensis + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +hirta + +sp. nov. +the presence of the modified long hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV. Females of + +R. karategensis + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from those of + +R. afghana + +and + +R +. +hirta + +by having a fuzzily ornamented (vs uniformly coloured) abdomen (see +Fig. 44 +cf. +Figs 37, 42 +), and from females of + +R. alajensis + +in possessing a less pronounced abdominal pattern and the distinctly configured spermathecae with wider bases, broadly spaced stalks and clearly wider inner branches ( +Figs 44 +, +510–512 +cf. +Figs 38 +, +491–493 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the range of this species, confined to the historical area Karategin (also Karategen), an eastern province of the Bukhara Emirate in the 19 +th +century, which included the Karategin Mts and Peter I Mts. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♀ +; +Peter I Mts +(southern slope), +Harvikush Canyon +, + +35 km +ENE of Tavildara Village + +; +38°52′ N +, +70°49′ E +; + +1900–2200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +10 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +and +A. Hakimov +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + + +Paratypes + +( +10 ♀♀ +) +TAJIKISTAN + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +SMNH + +• + +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +9 Jul. 1978 + +; +V +. +I. Ovcharenko +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +ZISP + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Female +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 44. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 20.95, CL 7.46, CW 6.10, LL 0.59, LW 1.37, SL 3.88, SW 3.45. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace dull reddish brown with clypeus and eye tubercle even darker brown, eyes encircled with partially fused wide blackish brown rings; chelicerae dark cherry red brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, epigastrum, book-lungs and spinnerets light yellowish brown; palps and legs light to medium brownish orange; abdomen medium brown, dorsally with several small light brownish spots and diffuse dark brown chevron-like pattern. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 119 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 176 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16(0.20), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.28, PME 0.19; AME–AME 0.21(0.17), ALE–AME 0.20(0.18), ALE–PLE 0.22, PLE–PME 0.09, PME–PME 0.55. Weak rastellum composed of 30–40 slightly thickened spikes on anterior cheliceral edge. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 6–7 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 238 +. Maxillae with 26–29 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus IV densely covered with long modified hairs, as shown in +Fig. 316 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 15–17 on metatarsi, 17–20 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–IV with 6–7 teeth on each margin. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.741.982.47–2.4710.66
Leg I5.192.973.633.342.3517.48
Leg II4.612.262.732.922.3614.88
Leg III4.262.232.513.412.1914.60
Leg IV5.833.124.425.912.9622.24
+ + +SPINATION +. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3–4 median and/or apical bristles; tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p1(0), v6; tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd2; patella p1; tibia p1(0), v4; metatarsus v4. Leg II: femur pd3; patella p1; tibia p2, v6; metatarsus v7(6). Leg III: femur pd4(3), rd3; patella p3, r2(1); tibia d1, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus p2, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur rd3(2); patella r1; tibia r3, v7; metatarsus p2, r4, v9. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with a relatively low and wide base carrying two more or less broadly spaced and unevenly shaped branches: a longer and wider trapezoidal inner branch and a more slender, shorter and club-like outer one ( +Fig. 510 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 576. PMS: length 0.89, diameter 0.36. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.55, 0.73, 0.42; total length 2.70; apical segment triangular. + + +Male + +Unknown. + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in +paratype +females (n=7) varies from 6.71 to 7.88. All the examined females are habitually very similar to each other. Variations in the structure of the eye group, tibia and metatarsus IV, and the spermathecae as shown in +Figs 177 +, +317 +, +511–512 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The spiders were found in the midland zone at an altitude of +1900–2000 m +a.s.l. inhabiting open woodland dominated by + +Juniperus seravschanica + +. Females of + +Raveniola karategensis + +sp. nov. +live in open burrows of +30–40 cm +depth, provided with a weakly silk-lined entrance rim, walls and living chamber ( +Figs 659–666 +, +675, 678–679 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Tajikistan +: Peter I Mts. See +Fig. 753 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d0068575c22 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235512FF80FD91E5FFFD49CBDC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,528 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola zyuzini + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +B61B579D-3D60-4EF1-A77D-5F7285F6356D + +Figs 18 +, +53 +, +73–74 +, +100 +, +127 +, +155 +, +185 +, +219 +, +246 +, +277 +, +337–339 +, +368–369 +, +436–438 +, +475–477 +, +532–533 +, 595–596, 711–714, 755 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Raveniola zyuzini + +sp. nov. +differs from other members of the same species group by having a darker brownish orange carapace and legs (vs considerably paler brownish or yellowish orange ones – +Figs 18 +, +53 +cf. +Figs 15–17 +, +50–52 +). Unlike males of + +R +. +diluta + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +fedotovi + +, possessing a raised embolic keel, males of + +R +. +zyuzini + +either entirely lack this structure or possess only a low vestige of the keel; the new species differs from + +R +. +pallens + +sp. nov. +in having a longer proximal section of the embolus ( +Figs 236–238 +cf. +Figs 234, 235 +). Females of + +R +. +zyuzini + +are distinguishable due to their weakly sclerotized spermathecal trunks, carrying fusiform outer branches (vs differently conformed spermathecae in other species of the group; +Figs 532–533 +cf. +Figs 526–531 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Dr. Alexei Zyuzin (1951–2021), noting his significant contribution to the taxonomical and faunistic study of Central Asian spiders. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Babatag Mts +, environs of +Chorroha +(Chorraga) +Pass +, + +10.4 km +ENE of Mt Zarkassa + +; +38°04.0′ N +, +68°13.5′ E +; + +1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Apr. 1990 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +8 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +) + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 ♂ +; same collection data as for holotype; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +12 Apr. 1989 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; same collection data as for preceding, northern slope of +Mt Zarkassa +; +38°02.0′ N +, +68°11.7′ E +; + +1900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +20 Apr. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♂♂ +, +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, eastern slope of +Mt Zarkassa +; + +1300–1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +26 Apr. 1994 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 18. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 12.20, CL 5.14, CW 4.32, LL 0.41, LW 0.86, SL 2.57, SW 2.26. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, as well as most palp and leg segments medium brownish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium reddish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, metatarsi and tarsi II–IV light yellowish orange; abdomen and spinnerets very pale yellowish brown, dorsal abdominal pattern indiscernible. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 100 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 155 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.18), ALE 0.20, PLE 0.14, PME 0.13; AME–AME 0.12(0.06), ALE–AME 0.08(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.31. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 219 +. Maxillae with 8 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Fig. 277 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 16–18 on metatarsi, 13–14 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I–II and III–IV with 8–9 and 9–10 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d5, pd2, rd1; patella pd1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v7; cymbium d5(4). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv2, r1(0), rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd 2(1); patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r2; tibia d2, p3, r3, v6; metatarsus d3, p3, r4, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3(2); patella p1, r2; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v9. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 368 +. Embolus with long, slightly tapering proximal section, provided with low rounded keel, and with short curved apex ( +Fig. 436 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 595. PLS: maximal diameter 0.34; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.78, 0.39, 0.34, respectively; total length 1.51; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.73 (2.42)1.59 (1.57)2.29 (1.85)–0.83 (1.63)7.44 (7.47)
Leg I4.51 (3.46)2.60 (2.21)3.57 (2.74)3.62 (2.30)2.22 (1.57)16.52 (12.28)
Leg II4.22 (3.28)2.37 (1.98)3.37 (2.40)3.34 (2.28)2.10 (1.55)15.40 (11.49)
Leg III3.63 (2.92)1.96 (1.61)2.78 (2.16)3.75 (2.97)2.09 (1.57)14.21 (11.23)
Leg IV4.72 (3.82)2.24 (1.99)3.71 (3.31)5.38 (4.27)2.43 (1.57)18.29 (14.96)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 53. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.00, CL 4.42, CW 3.73, LL 0.36, LW 0.87, SL 2.12, SW 2.01. + + +COLOUR +. In general as in male, but legs more uniformly coloured, without difference between legs I and II–IV. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 127 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 185 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10(0.14), ALE 0.21, PLE 0.12, PME 0.11; AME–AME 0.12(0.08), ALE–AME 0.09(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.33. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 246 +. Maxillae with 10–11 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 13–14 on metatarsi, 11–13 on tarsi, 9–10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 7–8 and 5–8 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd1; patella p1; tibia v7; tarsus v2(1). Leg I: femur d4, pd1; tibia v7; metatarsus v6(5). Leg II: femur d4, pd1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd2(1), rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r4, v7. Patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae with wide cone-shaped trunk and short fusiform outer branch diverging from medium part of spermathecal trunk ( +Figs 532–533 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 596. PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.59; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.68, 0.52, 0.47; total length 1.67; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n=7) varies from 3.80 to 5.19, in females (n =4) from 3.44 to 5.32. Within the +type +series, a few insignificant variations in the habitus and colouration are shown in +Figs 73–74 +. For some structural details of the tarsal organ and trichobothria, see +Figs 377–379 +. The most common conformation of the copulatory bulb, lacking the keel, is similar to that shown in +Figs 475–477 +. The less distributed variant of the bulb, provided with a rudimentary keel, is shown in +Figs 369 +, +437–438 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +All spiders were found under stones in open park woodland composed of low deciduous trees ( + +Acer +spp. + +, + +Crataegus +spp. + +, etc.) at +1300–1600 m +a.s.l. and in sparse mixed forest biotopes dominated by + +Juniperus seravschanica + +at +1600–1900 m +a.s.l. See +Figs 711–714 +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known only from the +type +locality. See +Fig. 755 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d72584e479e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235515FFFBFD9BE4D8FD49CBDF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,510 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola kirgizica + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +11E652E9-0591-46EB-AEBD-97E713558C10 + + + + + +Figs 20 +, +55 +, +102 +, +129 +, +157 +, +187 +, +221 +, +248 +, +280 +, +304 +, +371 +, +441–442 +, +537 +, 601–603, 717–718, 756 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +In possessing a gently twisted embolus, the male +holotype +of + +R +. +kirgizica + +sp. nov. +resembles males of + +R +. +kopetdaghensis + +, + +R +. +mikhailovi + +and + +R +. +virgata + +. It can be distinguished from the former species in the presence of PMS (vs their absence in + +R +. +kopetdaghensis + +) and from the two latter species in possessing a noticeably longer tibia and metatarsus I ( +Fig. 280 +cf. +Figs 282–283, 286–287 +); the detailed structure of the embolus also looks different ( +Figs 441–442 +cf. +Figs 443–446 +, +454–458 +). The only known female ( +paratype +) is distinguishable due to a specific conformation of the paired spermathecae, which are so small and thin, and so widely spaced from each other, that they can be reliably distinguished from the spermathecae in all other species of this group ( +Fig. 537 +cf. +Figs 334–536 +, +538–554 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the range of this species: +Kyrgyzstan +(also Kirgizia). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +♂ +; +Alay Mts +(northern slope), +Kyrgyz-Ata Canyon +, +Karagoi Gorge +; +40°03′ N +, +72°36′ E +; + +2450 m +a.s.l. + +; + +22 May 1993 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 ♀ +; +Alay Mts +(northern slope), +Beleuli Canyon +, + +15 km +SW of Gulcha Town + +, environs of +Chon-Beleuli Village +; +40°14′ N +, +73°37′ E +; + +2200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +28 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Alay Mts +(northern slope), +Kurshab-Gulcha Canyon +, + +1 km +SSE of Gulcha Town + +, left bank of +Gulcha River +; +40°18′ N +, +73°27′ E +; + +1800–2000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +11 Aug. 1985 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 20. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 12.50, CL 5.53, CW 4.64, LL 0.47, LW 0.92, SL 2.49, SW 2.38. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace (except for slightly darker postocular band and radial groves), palps and legs light brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light red; sternum, labium and maxillae pale yellowish orange; abdomen light greyish brown, dorsally with weakly developed medium sepia brown chevron-like pattern; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 102 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 157 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.18), ALE 0.18, PLE 0.16, PME 0.13; AME–AME 0.14(0.09), ALE–AME 0.10(0.08), ALE–PLE 0.08, PLE–PME 0.05, PME–PME 0.35. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Intercheliceral tumescence indiscernible. Each cheliceral furrow with 10–11 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 221 +. Maxillae with 12 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 280 +, +304 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 16–18 on metatarsi, 12–15 on tarsi, 11 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 6–7 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd2, rd1; patella pd1; tibia d2, p3, r1, v12–15; cymbium d4. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv1, r1, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus v5. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r1; tibia d3, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r4, v9. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d4, p3, r3, v9. Metatarsus I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 371 +. Embolus long tapering, clearly Sshaped in lateral view, and curved outwards along its entire length ( +Figs 441–442 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 601–602. PMS: length 0.34, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.43; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.73, 0.46, 0.51; total length 1.70; apical segment shortly digitiform. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.89 (2.33)1.44 (1.59)2.41 (2.02)–0.87 (1.79)7.61 (7.73)
Leg I4.61 (3.64)2.50 (2.17)3.79 (2.79)4.07 (2.24)2.11 (1.65)17.08 (12.49)
Leg II4.32 (3.41)2.21 (2.09)3.63 (2.51)3.60 (2.29)2.09 (1.68)15.85 (11.98)
Leg III4.07 (2.94)1.71 (1.78)3.22 (2.21)4.24 (2.63)2.34 (1.75)15.58 (11.31)
Leg IV5.03 (4.10)2.18 (2.17)4.25 (3.09)5.96 (3.96)2.63 (2.01)20.05 (15.33)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 55. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 17.60, CL 5.32, CW 4.55, LL 0.53, LW 1.03, SL 2.48, SW 2.37. + + +COLOUR +. Mostly as in male, but with noticeably paler dorsal abdomen. Dorsal pattern presented by only three pairs of short diffuse chevrons on posterior quarter of abdomen. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 129 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 187 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.18), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.14, PME 0.12; AME–AME 0.17(0.11), ALE–AME 0.12(0.09), ALE–PLE 0.12, PLE–PME 0.05, PME–PME 0.43. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 248 +. Maxillae with 12–13 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus I; widely divided on tarsus II; rudimentary and bilateral on tarsus III; absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I–IV with 5–7 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Femora I–IV with one basodorsal spine and 4–5 dorsal spikes; palpal femur dorsally with 4 spikes; patellae I–II with 1 prodorsal spike; palpal patella, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia p2, v8(7); tarsus v5(4). Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus p1(0), v7(6). Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus v7. Leg III: femur pd2, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d4, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r4, v8. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Individual spermathecae widely spaced from one another. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and narrow base dividing into a pair of equally thin but unevenly long branches: shorter inner and longer outer ones ( +Fig. 537 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 603. PMS: length 0.30, diameter 0.14. PLS: maximal diameter 0.53; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.62, 0.48; total length 2.18; apical segment triangular. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The spiders were found under stones in sparse montane forest, dominated by + +Juniperus +spp. + +(chiefly, by + +J. turkestanica +Kom. + +and + +J. seravschanica + +). The landscape and the natural biotope of the +type +locality is shown in +Figs 717–718 +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known only from the +type +locality. See +Fig. 756 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cbe8cd9dd61 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235519FF8FFDD9E318FD84C9B2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,635 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola fedotovi +( +Charitonov, 1946 +) + + + + + + +Figs 16 +, +51 +, +98 +, +125 +, +153 +, +183 +, +199 +, +217 +, +244 +, +274–275 +, +366 +, +432–433 +, +528–529 +, 591–592, 707–710, 755 + + + + + + + +Brachythele fedotovi +Charitonov, 1946: 19 + + +, fig. 2 ( +♂ +). + + + + + +Brachythele fedotovi + +– + +Charitonov 1969: 65 + +. — + +Brignoli 1983: 123 + +. — + +Zonstein 1985: 158 + +. + + + + + +Raveniola fedotovi + +– + +Zonstein 1987: 1015 + +. — + +Platnick 1989: 90 + +. — + +Mikhailov 1996: 77 + +; + +1997: 20 + +; + +2013: 12 + +. — + + +Zonstein +et al +. 2018b: 66 + + +, fig. 100 ( +♂ +). — + +Zonstein & Esyunin 2023: 76 + +, figs 1–14 ( +♂ +♀ +). + + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Males of + +Raveniola fedotovi + +differ from other male congeners in having a characteristic triangular (very short, but high and acute) keel, demarcating proximal and distal sections of the embolus (vs either the presence of a lengthened keel in + +R +. +diluta + +sp. nov. +, or the absence of a raised keel in + +R +. +pallens + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +zyuzini + +sp. nov. +; +Figs 432–433 +, cf. +Figs 428–431, 324–438 +). The sole adult female of + +R +. +fedotovi + +, known to date, is distinguishable owing to a specific structure of the spermathecal trunks, which are considerably longer, and relatively more closely spaced to each other than in females of other species representing the same group ( +Figs 528–529 +, cf. +Figs 526–527, 530–533 +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Lectotype + + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Hissar Mts +(northwestern slope), surroundings of +Ishkent Village +; +38°49′ N +, +66°58′ E +; + +1100–1300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +25–28 Mar. 1942 + +; +D.M. Fedotov +leg.; +ZMMU +. + + + + +Paralectotypes + + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +3 ♂♂ +; same collection data as for holotype; +PSU +, deposited as preparations + +. + + +Additional material +( +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, 2 juvs) + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Kugitang (Koitendagh) Mts +, +Baglydara Canyon +, + +10–11 km +W of Hatak Village + +; +37°58′ N +, +66°43′ E +; + +1300–1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8 Apr. 1989 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 juv. +; +Baisuntau Mts +, +Akrabat Pass +; +38°15′ N +, +66°50′ E +; + +1500 m +a.s.l. + +; + +17 Apr. 1987 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Zeravshan Mts +, +Jindy-Daria Canyon +, +Hojakurgan Gorge +; +39°11′ N +, +67°17′ E +; + +1400–1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +29 Apr. 1992 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +4 May 2022 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +lectotype +) + + +Figures 16 +, +153 +, +199 +, +217 +, +274–275 +, +366 +, +432–433 +, 591 are based on the +paralectotypes +and conspecific material. + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 16. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 6.90, CL 3.38, CW 2.85, LL 0.28, LW 0.60, SL 1.78, SW 1.51. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs light brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light reddish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae yellow; abdomen uniformly greyish white without clear dorsal pattern. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 98 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 153 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08(0.12), ALE 0.13, PLE 0.09, PME 0.06; AME–AME 0.08(0.05), ALE–AME 0.05(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.02, PLE–PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.16. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 4–5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible ( +Fig. 199 +). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 217 +. Maxillae with 7 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Fig. 274 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7 each on tibiae, 10–12 on metatarsi, 7–10 on tarsi, 6 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 6–7 and 5 teeth on outer and inner margins, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd2; tibia d2, p3, r1, v4; cymbium d4. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv2, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v6; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p2, r2, v6; metatarsus d1, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p3, r2, v9(8). Palpal patella and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 366 +. Embolus with widely tapering basal portion ending with triangular keel, and with twisted apical part (as shown in +Figs 432–433 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 591. PLS: maximal diameter 0.37; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.60, 0.42, 0.27; total length 1.29; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp1.93 (2.68)1.07 (1.45)1.43 (1.69)–0.65 (1.42)5.08 (7.24)
Leg I3.20 (3.23)1.78 (2.09)2.43 (2.35)2.54 (1.77)1.45 (1.34)11.40 (10.78)
Leg II2.98 (2.96)1.50 (1.89)2.18 (2.08)2.14 (1.84)1.43 (1.36)10.23 (10.13)
Leg III2.57 (2.63)1.43 (1.54)1.89 (1.78)2.60 (2.25)1.46 (1.39)9.95 (9.59)
Leg IV3.51 (3.54)1.48 (1.92)2.76 (2.66)3.75 (3.31)2.07 (1.61)13.57 (13.04)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 51. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 15.05, CL 4.22, CW 3.91, LL 0.41, LW 0.87, SL 2.15, SW 2.06. + + +COLOUR +. Mostly as in male, but chelicerae light scarlet red and legs more uniformly coloured, without difference between legs I and II–IV. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 125 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 183 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.17), ALE 0.24, PLE 0.15, PME 0.07; AME–AME 0.13(0.09), ALE–AME 0.09(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.09, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.40. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5–6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 244 +. Maxillae with 13–14 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus; narrowly divided on tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on metatarsi and tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 11–13 on tarsi, 9–10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth widely separated from each other. PTC I–II and III–IV with 6–7 and 6–8 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal femur and femora I–II with 4 dorsal bristles; femora III–IV with one thin basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles alongside midline; palpal patella, patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v10(7); tarsus v4(3). Leg I: femur pd1; tibia v5; metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v7(6). Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3(2), v7. Leg IV: femur rd1; patella r1; tibia d1, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p3, r3, v10(9). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae with wide cone-shaped trunk and short fusiform outer branch ( +Figs 528–529 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 592. PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.45; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.84, 0.55, 0.53; total length 1.92; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n= 3) varies from 3.30 to 3.95. One of the fragmented +paralectotype +males possesses 8 (vs +7 in +the +lectotype +) teeth on the cheliceral furrow promargin ( +Fig. 199 +). According to +Charitonov (1946) +, within the type series, the number of the maxillary cuspules ranges from 5 to 8 (some type specimens were used by D.E. Charitonov as preparations, and only a few of their parts have survived to date). A weak difference in the structure of the male tibia and metatarsus I is shown in +Fig. 275 +. Most other features, including a specific shape of the embolic keel, were found to be consistent throughout the available specimens. + + + + + +Ecology + + + + +Raveniola fedotovi + +inhabits the rocky midland montane slopes between 1100 and +1600 m +a.s.l., from the steppe shrubland zone in high foothills ( +Fig. 707 +) to the higher-located zone of mosaic riverside woodland dominated by + +Juglans regia + +( +Fig. 708 +). The collected conspecific specimens were found in overgrown screes under shrubs and tree canopies hiding deeply inside the rocky layer ( +Figs 709–710 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +South +Uzbekistan +. See +Fig. 755 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..498a70787d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723551BFF89FD6AE622FB06CDAF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,587 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola diluta + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +4BE24613-AC5B-46ED-83C0-0CC41F64D8A5 + +Figs 15 +, +50 +, +97 +, +124 +, +151–152 +, +182 +, +216 +, +243 +, +273 +, +303 +, +365 +, +429-431 +, +471–474 +, +526–527 +, 589–590, 699–706, 754 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Within the species group, males of + +Raveniola diluta + +sp. nov. +differ from other male members in having a longer proximal section of the embolus, combined with a lengthened keel (vs either the presence of a short triangular keel in + +R +. +fedotovi + +or the absence of a raised keel in + +R +. +pallens + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +zyuzini + +sp. nov. +; +Figs 429–431 +, cf. +Figs 432–438 +). Females of + +Raveniola diluta + +are distinguishable owing to a peculiar structure of the spermathecae, provided with short conical trunks and longer and strictly curved outer branches which are subequal in length to the spermathecal trunks (vs differently built female copulatory organs in other species of the group ( +Figs 526–527 +, cf. +Figs 528–533 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective ‘ +dilutus/-a/-um +’ meaning ‘light’ or ‘pallid’ and referring to the pale ground color of the specimens belonging to this species; the gender is feminine ( + +diluta + +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Hissar Mts +, +Sardai-Miyona Canyon +, +Hanaka Gorge +; +38°50.4′ N +, +69°17.6′ E +; + +1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +4 Oct. 1986 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +5 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +; +Hissar Mts +, +Sorvo Canyon +, +Surhob Gorge +, + +3 km +NW of Soni Village + +; +38°50.6′ N +, +69°24.1′ E +; + +1900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +6–7 Oct. 1986 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1900–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +17–19 Apr. 1988 + +; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; +Hissar Mts +, +Varzob Canyon +, +Kondara Gorge +; +38°48.5′ N +, +68°48.8′ E +; + +1300–1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +9 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +1 ♀ +subad., +1 juv. +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Hissar Mts +, +Sardai-Miyona Canyon +, +Hanaka Gorge +; +38°51′ N +, +69°17′ E +; + +1500 m +a.s.l. + +; + +4 Oct. 1986 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +subad.; +Sorvo Canyon +, +Surhob Gorge +, + +1.5 km +W of Soni Village + +; +38°49.6′ N +, +69°25.5′ E +; + +1750 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 15. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 11.20, CL 4.75, CW 4.02, LL 0.34, LW 0.75, SL 2.31, SW 2.03. + + +COLOUR +. Cephalothorax and appendages pale reddish orange; carapace, femora I–III dorsally and entire leg I slightly darker; chelicerae more intensely reddish orange; eye tubercle brown with eyes embedded by wide partially fused blackish rings; abdomen and spinnerets almost uniformly milky white. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 97 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 151 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.17), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.11, PME 0.12; AME–AME 0.09(0.05), ALE–AME 0.08(0.06), ALE–PLE 0.04, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.29. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 1 + + +mesobasal denticle. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 216 +. Maxillae with 7–8 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 303 +, +373 +. Scopula: long (0.8–1.0 segment width), relatively sparse and fine; entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; narrowly divided on tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; rudimentary, mixed and widely divided with setae on tarsus III; absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 11–15 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi, 9–10 on cymbium. PTC I–III with 8–10 teeth on each margin; PTC IV with 8–9 and 11–12 teeth on inner and outer margins, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4, pd2, rd2; patella pd2; tibia d2, p2(3), r2, v6; cymbium d4. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2(1); tibia p2, pv2, rv2+2M, metatarsus v2. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v11(7); metatarsus p1, v9(6). Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p3(2); tibia d3, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus p4, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3(2); patella p2(1); tibia d4, p3, r3, v9; metatarsus d3, p4(3), r3, v7. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 365 +. Embolus bipartite: proximal part moderately long, swollen, cone-shaped with dense shallow ridges and lengthened triangular keel; apical part short and corkscrew-shaped ( +Figs 429–431 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 589. PLS: maximal diameter 0.33; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.71, 0.43, 0.38; total length 1.52; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.59 (3.11)1.46 (1.62)2.20 (2.01)–0.74 (1.91)6.99 (8.65)
Leg I4.57 (4.26)2.57 (2.56)3.89 (2.72)3.38 (2.49)2.23 (1.74)16.64 (13.77)
Leg II4.24 (3.78)2.22 (2.48)3.57 (2.73)3.39 (2.51)2.20 (1.60)15.62 (13.10)
Leg III3.72 (3.44)1.73 (2.03)3.21 (2.30)3.84 (3.13)2.20 (1.51)14.70 (12.41)
Leg IV4.81 (4.67)2.08 (2.35)4.08 (3.48)5.59 (4.45)2.64 (2.09)19.20 (17.04)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 50. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.50, CL 5.66, CW 4.75, LL 0.46, LW 0.99, SL 2.92, SW 2.54. + + +COLOUR +. As in male, with uniformly pale legs and slightly darker chelicerae. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 124 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 182 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.19), ALE 0.31, PLE 0.16, PME 0.13; AME–AME 0.12(0.07), ALE–AME 0.12(0.09), ALE–PLE 0.09, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.45. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 4–5 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 243 +. Maxillae with 10–11 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; narrowly divided on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 13–14 on metatarsi, 12–15 on tarsi, 9–10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 4–5 and 5–6 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd1; patella p2; tibia v8(7); tarsus v2. Leg I: femur d4, pd1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur d4, pd1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, + +r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3, r2, v7; metatarsus d2, p4, r4, v7. Patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae formed by a low cone-shaped trunk carrying a relatively long and bent outer branch; spermathecal trunks widely spaced from each other ( +Figs 526–527 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 590. PLS: maximal diameter 0.56; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.07, 0.64, 0.65; total length 2.36; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n =4) varies from 4.15 to 4.75, in females (n=5) from 3.95 to 5.66. The overall pale colouration looks to be even lighter in spiders from the eastern Hissar (Romit) and conversely slightly darker in specimens from the central part of this ridge (Kondara). Variations in the eye arrangement and in the structure of the copulatory bulb as shown in +Figs 152 +and +471–474 +, respectively. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +All spiders were found hiding in soil cavities under stones in fragmentary midland montane woodlands, dominated by walnut, + +Juglans regia + +. See +Figs 699–706 +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known from the central and southeastern parts of Hissar Mts, +Tajikistan +. See +Fig. 754 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0a1b93d0d69 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723551CFF82FD92E622FD38CCCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,506 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola pallens + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +4F2510F5-833E-42C4-9C5D-C17B434FFF9B + + + + + +Figs 17 +, +52 +, +99 +, +126 +, +154 +, +184 +, +218 +, +245 +, +276 +, +367 +, +434–435 +, +530–531 +, 593–594, 755 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Raveniola pallens + +sp. nov. +differs from other members of the same species group in possessing a wider eye group with relatively smaller and noticeably broadly spaced anterior median eyes ( +Figs 154 +, +184 +cf. 151–153, 155, 182–183, 185). Unlike males of + +R +. +diluta + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +fedotovi + +, possessing an embolic keel, the +holotype +male of + +R +. +pallens + +lacks this structure; it differs from males of + +R +. +zyuzini + +sp. nov. +in having a noticeably lesser curved metatarsus I and by a sparser scopula on metatarsi and tarsi I–II ( +Fig. 276 +cf. +Fig. 277 +). Females of + +R +. +pallens + +sp. nov. +are distinguishable due to having a widely divided ventral scopula on the palpal tarsus (vs entire one in females of the related species), as well as owing to their low, mound-like and widely spaced spermathecal trunks (vs the higher cone-shaped ones in other species of the group; +Figs 530–531 +cf. +Figs 526–529, 532–533 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective (of any gender) meaning ‘light’ or ‘pallid’ and referring to the pale ground color of the specimens belonging to this species. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Zeravshan Mts +(southwestern slope), foothills below +Amankutan Pass +; +39°13.5′ N +, +66°53.5′ E +; + +1000–1300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +9 Apr. 1991 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratype + + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +7 Apr. 1989 + +; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +1 ♀ +subad., +1 juv. +) + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; same collection data as for preceding; + +850 m +a.s.l. + +; + +9 Apr. 1991 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +subad.; northern foothills of +Turkestan Mts +, +Beshbuloq Canyon +, vicinity of +Turkmen Village +; +39°57′ N +, +68°30′ E +; + +600–700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +27 Jun. 1980 + +; +A.B. Nenilin +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 17. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 9.05, CL 3.65, CW 2.99, LL 0.25, LW 0.63, SL 1.82, SW 1.57. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs light brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light reddish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae yellow; abdomen uniformly greyish white without distinct dorsal pattern. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 99 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 154 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10(0.14), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.12, PME 0.08; AME–AME 0.10(0.06), ALE–AME 0.05(0.03), ALE–PLE 0.03, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.28. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 7–8 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 218 +. Maxillae with 9–11 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Fig. 276 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 13–14 on metatarsi, 10–12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 6–8 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Patella I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d3, pd1; tibia p3, r1, v5; cymbium d4+5 smaller. Leg I: femur d3, pd2; tibia p2, pv1, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d3, pd2; patella p1; tibia p3, v7(6); metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d2, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v8(7); metatarsus d2, p4, r3, v8(7). + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 367 +. Embolus lacking keel, corkscrew-shaped, thin and gradually tapering to its tip ( +Figs 434–435 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig 593. PLS: maximal diameter 0.31; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.49, 0.30, 0.27; total length 1.06; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp1.93 (2.53)1.01 (1.43)1.53 (1.86)–0.64 (1.54)5.11 (7.36)
Leg I3.18 (3.54)1.89 (2.17)2.58 (2.74)2.57 (2.07)1.63 (1.49)11.85 (12.01)
Leg II2.79 (3.38)1.62 (1.90)2.30 (2.28)2.39 (2.14)1.58 (1.47)10.68 (11.17)
Leg III2.54 (2.97)1.31 (1.68)1.84 (2.15)2.51 (2.53)1.54 (1.54)9.74 (10.87)
Leg IV3.15 (3.99)1.64 (1.97)2.67 (3.23)3.56 (3.94)1.83 (1.76)12.85 (14.89)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 52. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.20, CL 5.07, CW 4.43, LL 0.43, LW 1.04, SL 2.62, SW 2.31. + + +COLOUR +. As in male, with body even paler; legs I–IV uniformly very light yellowish tan and noticeably paler than yellowish orange carapace. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 126 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 184 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.17), ALE 0.23, PLE 0.12, PME 0.06; AME–AME 0.23(0.18), ALE–AME 0.10(0.08), ALE–PLE 0.03, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.63. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2–3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 245 +. Maxillae with 10–11 pointed (not rounded or blunt) cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; narrowly divided on tarsus I; widely divided on palpal tarsus and tarsus II; absent on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 14–15 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 5 and 4–5 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Femora I–IV dorsally along midline with 2–3 spines and 2–3 bristles; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d4, pd1; tibia p4(2), v8(7); tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p2, v6; metatarsus v7(4). Leg II: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p2(1), v6(5); metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d5, p3, r2, v7. Leg IV: femur pd2, rd3(2); patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p2(3), r3(2), v7; metatarsus d2, p2, r3, v7. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae small and low mound-like, with short and wide trunk that carries small and short outer branch diverging from spermathecal trunk close to its apex ( +Figs 530–531 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 594. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.91, 0.66, 0.42; total length 1.99; apical segment triangular. + + + + + +Ecology + + + + +Raveniola pallens + +sp. nov. +inhabits rocky slopes in foothills and the low-mountain zone between 600 and +1300 m +a.s.l., covered by steppe grasslands and sparse shrubland with + +Pistacea vera + +L., + +Cercis griffithii + +, species of + +Acer + +, + +Prunus + +(sect. + +Amygdalus + +(L.) Benth. & Hook.f.), etc. By their nature, these biotopes resemble the landscape which is shown in +Fig. 707 +.All spiders were found hiding under stones. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Southeastern +Uzbekistan +. See +Fig. 755 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8fc8b186808 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235520FFB6FDA2E3A3FB80CFA5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,450 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola caudata +Zonstein, 2009 + + + + + + +Figs 1 +, +82 +, +136 +, +202 +, +256–257 +, +349 +, +379–380 +, 555, 619–621, 748–749 + + + + + + + +Raveniola caudata +Zonstein, 2009: 368 + + +, figs 1, 3, 5–6, 8 ( +♂ +). + + + + + +Raveniola caudata + +– + +Mikhailov 2013: 12 + +. — + +Zonstein +et al. +2018 + +: fig. 167 ( +♂ +). + + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The species differs from + +Raveniola inopinata + +sp. nov. +by having a considerably paler colour of ginger orange carapace and legs (which are dark sepia brown in the latter species; see +Figs 1 and 2 +). + +Raveniola caudata + +can be distinguished from + +R +. +redikorzevi + +by its almost indistinct dorsal abdominal pattern. Males of + +R +. +caudata + +differ from males of the two other species of the group in having shorter laterodistal hair tufts on tarsi I–IV ( +Fig. 257 +cf. +Figs 259 +, +324 +) and by the shorter and less tapering proximal part of the embolus ( +Figs 379–380 +cf. +Figs 381–384 +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Panj Karatau Mts +, western slope of +Mt Astana +, +2.8 km +WSW of summit; +37°22.8′ N +, +69°12.8′ E +; + +1020 m +a.s.l. + +; + +24 Apr. 1991 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + +Additional material +( +1 ♂ +, +1 juv. +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Aruktau Mts +, surroundings of +Ganjina +; +37°58′ N +, +68°34′ E +; + +700–800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +16 Apr. 1968 + +; +V +. +F. Bahvalov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +(with both palps lost prior to collection); +Vahsh Karatau Mts +, + +3 km +NW of Mt Hojamaston + +; +38°01.4′ N +, +68°56.8′ E +; + +940 m +a.s.l. + +; + +21 Apr. 1989 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 1. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 19.30, CL 7.13, CW 6.27, LL 0.57, LW 1.26, SL 3.52, SW 3.21. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs ginger orange; eye tubercle with central and two symmetrical lateral brownish-black spots surrounding AME and lateral eyes respectively; chelicerae cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; metatarsi and tarsi gradually lighten toward apices; entire abdomen light yellowish grey, dorsally with almost indistinct darker pattern represented by few very weakly developed pairs of posteriorly-inclined greyish fasciae; spinnerets uniformly light yellowish grey. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 82 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 136 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16(0.22), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.16, PME 0.12; AME–AME 0.16(0.10), ALE–AME 0.07(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.06, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.43. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 202 +. Maxillae with 52–57 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Fig. 256 +. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–12 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 15–18 on tarsi, 9–10 on cymbium. Scopula: distal ⅓ on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsi I–II, widely divided by setae on tarsus III, absent on tarsus IV. Tarsi I–IV apically with very moderately dense lateral tufts of relatively short setae ( +Fig 257 +). Paired claws on tarsi I–IV with 8–11 teeth on each margin. +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2; tibia d4, p3, r2, v4; cymbium d6(5). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2; tibia p3(1), pv2(1), r2+2M; metatarsus v1a. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p2; tibia p3, v8(6); metatarsus p1; v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r1; tibia d2, p2, r2, v7(5); metatarsus d2, p3, r2, v10(9). Leg IV: femur d4, pd4(3), rd3; patella p2, r1; tibia d3(2), p3, r3(2), v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r3, v10(9). Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp4.232.273.46–1.3511.31
Leg I6.323.655.035.273.1023.37
Leg II6.223.234.985.023.0322.48
Leg III5.552.884.105.873.2721.67
Leg IV6.973.255.537.703.7327.18
+ + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 349 +. Broadly tipped embolus with noticeably shortened basal part and with pronounced subapical keel ( +Figs 379–380 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 555. PMS: length 0.75; diameter 0.28. PLS: maximal diameter 0.65; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.85, 1.23; total length 3.30; apical segment elongate. + + +Female + +Unknown. + + + + +Ecology + + + +The species inhabits open shrubland and low forest biotopes with co-dominating + +Pistacia vera + +L., + +Cercis griffithii +Boiss. + +, + +Acer +spp. + +and + +Prunus +spp. + +(see +Figs 619–620 +). Males were found under rocks; the only juvenile specimen was found, according to the original label data, inside a gerbil’s burrow. The microbiotope situated directly in the type locality (shown in +Fig. 621 +) is a pile of stones in the foreground, from where the +holotype +was collected in 1991. The corresponding photograph was taken in 2015. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +South +Tajikistan +, as shown in +Figs 748–749 +. In the original description, the distance between the ridge summit and the +type +locality was indicated incorrectly (see +Zonstein 2009 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ebe504f3d86 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235526FFB7FD81E516FC88CBC3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola inopinata + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +95D11393-B830-4068-8CC7-91D33AE45BA7 + + + + + +Figs 2 +, +63–64 +, +83 +, +137 +, +203 +, +258–259 +, +350 +, +381–382 +, 556, 622, 748–749 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Differs from + +R +. +caudata + +and + +R +. +redikorzevi + +by having a darker and almost uniformly brown colouration of body and legs, as well as in having noticeably smaller PMS (in + +R +. +inopinata + +sp. nov. +the proximal segment of PLS is 2.5 times as long as PMS vs 1.8–2 times in the latter species). In the male of + +R +. +inopinata + +sp. nov. +, the copulatory bulb is relatively slender (ca 3 times as long as wide vs 2–2.5 times in males of the two other species), with smaller and less pronounced subapical embolic keel ( +Figs 381– 382 +cf. +Figs 379–380, 383–384 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet + +‘ +inopinata + +’ is a Latin adjective (of the feminine gender) that means ‘unexpected’. This name was chosen because the +holotype +of this rare species was quite unexpectedly found only a few kilometres from the type locality of the equally rare + +R. caudata + +. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Panj Karatau Mts +, western slope of +Mt Astana +, +0.9 km +SW of summit; +37°22.9′ N +, +69°14.3′ E +; + +1550 m +a.s.l. + +; + +4 May 2015 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Figs 2 +, +63–64. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.85, CL 6.31, CW 5.67, LL 0.51, LW 1.05, SL 3.10, SW 2.76. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs dorsally dark sepia brown; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae dark chestnut brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs ventrally light sepia brown; abdomen almost uniformly greyish brown, dorsally with small and paler median greyish spot in anterior quarter; book-lungs and spinnerets pale sepia brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 83 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 137 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.18(0.24), ALE 0.30, PLE 0.16, PME 0.13; AME–AME 0.15(0.09), ALE–AME 0.08(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.06, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.40. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 6–7 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 203 +. Maxillae with ca 45 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as shown in +Fig. 258 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsi I–II; widely divided on tarsus III, widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows each of 12–14 on tibiae, 20–23 on metatarsi, 20–25 on tarsi, 15–16 on cymbium. Tarsi I–IV apically with moderately dense lateral tufts of long setae ( +Fig. 259 +). Paired claws on tarsi I–IV with 8–10 teeth in each row. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.621.853.12–1.239.82
Leg I6.123.134.544.942.8121.54
Leg II5.452.904.434.672.7620.21
Leg III5.082.313.455.142.7218.70
Leg IV6.672.774.816.893.4324.57
+ + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4(5), pd2, rd2; patella p2; tibia d2, p5, pv1, r1, rv3; cymbium d6(7). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv3, r1, rv2+2M; metatarsus v2a. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v8; metatarsus p1; v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r1(0); tibia d3(2), p3, r3, v8; metatarsus d3, p3, r3, v8. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd4(2); patella p1, r1; tibia d2(1), p3, r3, v8; metatarsus d2, p4, r4, v10. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 350 +. Broadly tipped embolus provided with relatively low and gradually rounded subapical keel ( +Figs 381–382 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 556. PMS: length 0.51; diameter 0.23. PLS: maximal diameter 0.45; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.23, 0.84, 1.22; total length 3.29; apical segment elongate. + + +Female + +Unknown. + + + + +Ecology + + + +The +holotype +was collected in a stepped low sparse forest dominated by + +Acer + +, + +Crataegus + +and + +Prunus +spp. + +; the spider was found in a small hollow between two slopes under a stone ( +Figs 63–64 +, +622 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known only from the +type +locality. See +Figs 748–749 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9dc509e27ea --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235527FFAAFDDAE2FDFBF8CCB7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,631 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola redikorzevi +( +Spassky, 1937 +) + + + + + + +Figs 3 +, +36 +, +84 +, +110 +, +138 +, +166 +, +196 +, +204 +, +229 +, +260 +, +290 +, +319–324 +, +351 +, +383–384 +, +466–468 +, +479–481 +, +487–488 +, 557–558, 623–626, 748–749 + + + + + + + +Brachythele redikorzevi +Spassky, 1937: 366 + + +, fig. 3 ( +♂ +). + + + + + +Brachythele redikorzevi + +– + +Spassky & Minenkova 1940: 140 + +. — + +Roewer 1942: 196 + +. — +Spassky 1952: + + + +193. — +Bonnet 1955: 912 +. — +Ovcharenko & Fet 1980: 442 +. — +Zonstein 1985: 159 +. + +Raveniola redikorzevi + +– +Zonstein 1987: 1015 +; +2009: 39 +, figs 2, 4, 7, 9 ( +♂ +). — +Platnick 1989: 91 +. — + + + + +Mikhailov & Fet 1994: 502 +. — +Mikhailov 1996: 77 +; +1997: 20 +; +2013: 12 +. + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Differs from the other two species of this group in having a distinctly developed dorsal abdominal pattern and an even longer apical segment of PLS. Males of + +R. redikorzevi + +can be distinguished from males of + +R. caudata + +and + +R. inopinata + +sp. nov. +in possessing noticeably stouter though similarly long legs, closer spaced megaspines, a stouter palpal tibia and cymbium, as well as by details of the embolic keel and tip (see +Figs 260 +, +351 +, +383–384 +, +466–468 +cf. +Figs 256, 258 +, +349–350 +, +379–382 +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TURKMENISTAN +• +♂ +; Akar-Cheshme; + +24 Apr. 1936 + +; +L. Freiberg +leg.; +ZISP +. + + + +Additional material +( +12 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +) + + + +TURKMENISTAN +• +1 ♂ +; western part of +Badhyz Plateau +, surroundings of +Akar-Cheshme +well; +35°47′ N +, +61°28′ E +; + +850 m +a.s.l. + +; + +16 Apr. 1985 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +3 ♂♂ +; south-eastern border of +Badhyz Plateau +, +Kyzyl-Djar +ravine; +35°49′ N +, +61°51′ E +; + +500–600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +1–31 Mar. 1978 + +; G. +T +. +Kuznetzov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +11 Apr. 1993 + +; +D.A. Milko +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +; central part of +Badhyz Plateau +, +Kepele +well; +35°48′ N +, +61°33′ E +; + +700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +1–31 Mar. 1980 + +; +R +. +E. Zlotin +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +16 Apr. 1984 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +, same collection data as for preceding; +35°48.2′ N +, +61°32.8′ E +; + +810 m +a.s.l. + +; + +10 Apr. 2002 + +; A. +V +. +Gromov +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +2 ♂♂ +; +Zulfagar Mts +, surroundings of +Nardevanly +spring; +35°47′ N +, +61°21′ E +; + +1100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +13 Apr. 1993 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Male +(a conspecific specimen from the +type +locality, Akar-Cheshme, SMNH) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 3. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 17.40, CL 8.07, CW 7.47, LL 0.70, LW 1.49, SL 3.74, SW 3.45. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs including femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsus I and cymbium brownish orange; eye tubercle weakly darkened, with dark brown spot surrounding AME and narrow brownish fasciae edging other eyes; chelicerae ginger red; sternum, labium, maxillae, metatarsi II–IV and tarsi I–IV light brownish orange; abdomen light yellowish brown, dorsally with diffuse brown pattern consisting of broad median lanceolate spot crossed and fused with few fairly broad and irregularly shaped transverse chevrons; spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 84 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 138 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20(0.27), ALE 0.35, PLE 0.19, PME 0.16, AME–AME 0.13(0.07), ALE–AME 0.12(0.09), ALE–PLE 0.12, PLE–PME 0.08, PME–PME 0.54. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5–6 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible ( +Fig. 196 +). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 204 +. Maxillae with 26–27 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as shown in +Figs 260 +, +290 +. Scopula: distal ⅓ on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsi I–II, narrowly divided by setae on tarsi III, widely divided on tarsi IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–12 each on tibiae, 15–19 on metatarsi, 19–24 on tarsi, 9–10 on cymbium. Trichobothrial bases and tarsal organ I as shown in +Figs 320–323 +. Tarsi I–IV apically with dense lateral tufts of long setae ( +Fig. 324 +). Paired claws on tarsi I–IV with 9–11 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4, pd2, rd2(1); patella p2; tibia d3, p3, r3, v6; cymbium d4(5). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2; tibia p3, pv2, r2, rv2+2M; metatarsus v2a. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2; tibia p3, r1, v8(6); metatarsus d1, p3; v7. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p3, r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v8(7); metatarsus d1, pd3, p3, r3, v8. Leg IV: femur d4, pd4(3), rd4; patella p2, r1; tibia d4(3), p3, r3, v8; metatarsus d1, p4, pd2, r3, v9. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 351 +. Broadly tipped embolus provided with relatively high and sharply rounded subapical keel ( +Figs 383–384 +, +466–468 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 557. PMS: length 0.78; diameter 0.34. PLS: maximal diameter 0.63; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.40, 1.03, 1.62; total length 4.05; apical segment elongate. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp4.70 (3.71)2.67 (1.99)4.38 (2.59)–1.43 (2.04)13.18 (10.33)
Leg I7.32 (4.65)3.97 (2.78)5.35 (3.79)5.51 (2.61)3.28 (1.92)25.43 (15.75)
Leg II7.03 (4.33)3.68 (2.69)5.04 (3.54)5.23 (2.49)3.20 (1.92)24.18 (14.97)
Leg III6.33 (3.05)3.05 (1.76)4.37 (2.15)6.07 (2.53)3.15 (1.89)22.97 (11.38)
Leg IV7.82 (4.88)3.53 (2.54)5.78 (3.72)7.93 (4.63)3.72 (2.43)28.78 (18.20)
+ + +Female +(surroundings of Kepele well) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 36. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 16.50, CL 6.69, CW 5.83, LL 0.59, LW 1.30, SL 3.37, SW 2.70. + + +COLOUR +. As in male, but carapace and legs I–IV paler, light yellowish orange. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 110 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 166 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16(0.24), ALE 0.30, PLE 0.16, PME 0.14, AME–AME 0.20(0.12), ALE–AME 0.11(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.12, PLE–PME 0.12, PME–PME 0.49. Cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 2–3 denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 229 +. Maxillae with 40–42 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: distal ⅓ on metatarsi I–II, entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II, widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 11–13 each on tibiae, 16–21 on metatarsi, 19–24 on tarsi, 14–15 on cymbium. Paired claws on tarsi I–III with 5–7 teeth on each margin, but paired caws on tarsus IV with 4 and 2 teeth in inner and outer row, respectively. Palpal claw with 4 long teeth on promargin. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal femur and femora I–IV with 1–2 basodorsal spines and 2–3 dorsal bristles; patella I, palpal patella and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1(0); tibia v6(5); tarsus v2(1). Leg I: femur pd2; tibia p2, v7(5); metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd2; patella p2; tibia p3(1), v7; metatarsus p2, v7. Leg III: femur pd1, rd1; patella p2; tibia d2, p2, r2, v4; metatarsus d2, p4, r3, v9. Leg IV: femur pd1, rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p3, r3, v8. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each paired spermatheca mound-like with low and wide base carrying two short, slender and narrowly spaced stalks ( +Figs 487–488 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 558. PMS: length 0.63; diameter 0.28. PLS: maximal diameter 0.70; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.78, 1.49; total length 3.49; apical segment elongate. + + + +Variation + + +Carapace length in males (n=8) varies from 6.25 to 8.20. In some specimens, dorsal abdominal pattern may be noticeably darker and more contrasting than in the figured male and female. + + + + +Ecology + + + +The species inhabits lowland semideserts, open low woodlands dominated by + +Pistacea vera + +L., and montane steppes ( +Figs 623–626 +); wandering males occur under rocks. According to the personal communication of R.E. Zlotin (Research Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, + + +Moscow +), the specimens collected by him were captured when he investigated the abandoned burrows of xerophilic rodents (mostly, of gerbils, + +Meriones +spp. + +) and reptilians. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +South +Turkmenistan +: Badhyz Plateau, including its western mountainous border (Zulfagar Mts). Very likely, the species can also occur within the neighbouring territories of +Iran +and +Afghanistan +. See +Figs 748–749 +. + + + +Notes + + + +Zonstein (2009) +considered the only known conspecific female as an immature specimen (judging from its smaller size in comparison with the majority of collected males belonging to the same species). However, the dissection that followed the premature appreciation revealed that this relatively small female is nevertheless adult and possesses normally developed spermathecae. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f108ff0c2a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235533FFA6FD9FE30DFCF3CC9A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,830 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola cucullata + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +D8D03F0B-4F23-4ACF-ACBE-226049F93660 + +Figs 5–6 +, +39–40 +, +66 +, +69–70 +, +87–88 +, +114–115 +, +141–142 +, +170–171 +, +197 +, +207 +, +233–234 +, +263–264 +, +293–294 +, +312 +, +328–333 +, +354–355 +, +389–396 +, +469–470 +, +482–484 +, +495–499 +, 563–567, 629–646, 751 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Males of + +Raveniola cucullata + +sp. nov. +differ from males of the four habitually similar species, + +R +. +dolosa + +sp. nov. +, + +R +. +ignobilis + +sp. nov. +, + +R +. +ornatula + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +pamira + +sp. nov. +, by noticeably shorter legs I–IV, and by metatarsi I–II, which are provided with denser and shorter scopula ( +Figs 263–264 +cf. +Figs 265, 267, 270–272 +). The structure of the tibia and metatarsus I and the conformation of the embolus in + +R +. +cucullata + +most closely resemble those in + +R +. +insolita + +sp. nov. +, but the latter species differs from + +R +. +cucullata + +in possessing a considerably longer male palpal tibia ( +Figs 354–355 +cf. +Fig. 360 +). Females of + +R +. +cucullata + +differ from females of + +R +. +dolosa + +and + +R +. +ornatula + +in having much larger PMS (which are strictly reduced in size in the two latter species ( +Figs 554 +, 556 cf. Figs 569–570, 582–583)). Nevertheless, females of + +R +. +cucullata + +can be realibly distinguished from those of + +R +. +ignobilis + +and + +R +. +pamira + +only in the specific conformation of the spermathecal branches (which are either more widely set to each other, compared with + +R +. +dolosa + +, or longer, thinner and not dilated apically, compared with + +R +. +pamira + +( +Figs 495–499 +cf. +Figs 520–523 +)). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective referring to a clearly darkened cephalic portion of the carapace in this species (a character better developed in the conspecific males), that resembles in shape a hood (Latin: ‘ +cucullus +’) folded back; the gender is feminine. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Vahsh Mts +, +Mullokoni Canyon +, +Shikildara Gorge +; +38°39′ N +, +70°01′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +29 Apr. 1990 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +9 ♂♂ +, +12 ♀♀ +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +6 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for holotype; + +1600–1900 m +a.s.l. + +; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +; +Hazratisho Mts +, +Yahsu Canyon +, +Kapar +( +Sangdara +) +Gorge +, near +Sangdara Village +; +38°21.8′ N +, +70°09.9′ E +; + +1450–1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Oct. 1987 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, +Iokunj Gorge +; +38°23′ N +, +70°09′ E +; + +1700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +18 May 2002 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +; +Peter +I +Mts +, +Childara Canyon +, +Shahobdara Gorge +, + +4 km +NNW of Shahob Village + +; +38°51′ N +, +70°18′ E +; + +1900–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +12 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, + +2.5 km +N of Shahob Village + +; +38°50′ N +, +70°19′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +, +1 ♀ +subad., +1 juv. +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 ♀ +, +1 juv. +; +Vahsh Mts +, +Shuro Gorge +; +38°31′ N +, +69°46′ E +; + +1700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +20 Oct. 1968 + +; +E.M. Andreeva +leg.; +MIZW + +• + +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +subad.; +Darvaz Mts +(northern slope), environs of +Miyonadu Village +; [ +38°50′ N +, +70°53′ E +]; + +3200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +1–30 Jun. 1968 + +; +V +. +I. Chikatunov +leg.; +MIZW + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Western Pamir +, +Darvaz Mts +(southern slope), +Obiviskharvi Canyon +, surroundings of +Ubagan Village +; +38°32′ N +, +71°03′ E +; + +1950–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) +HABITUS +. See +Figs 5 +, +70. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.80, CL 6.13, CW 5.05, LL 0.43, LW 0.98, SL 3.23, SW 2.67. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace laterally, palpal femur, entire leg I and femora II–IV tangerine orange, chelicerae, most part of cephalic portion, thoracic fovea and radial grooves of carapace darker reddish brown; other segments of palp and legs II–IV yellowish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light brownish orange; abdomen yellowish brown, with darker brown chevron-like dorsal pattern; spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 87 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 141 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16(0.22), ALE 0.29, PLE 0.22, PME 0.18; AME–AME 0.16(0.10), ALE–AME 0.13(0.10), ALE–PLE 0.16, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.37. Anterior cheliceral edge only with slightly thickened setae; rastellum not developed. Intercheliceral tumescence present as a small pallid area with diffuse and weakly discernible borders (as in +Fig. 197 +). Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 4–5 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 207 +. Maxillae with 27–28 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 263 +, +293 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; sparse, mixed with setae and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 on tibiae, 13–18 on metatarsi, 11–15 on tarsi, 9–10 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 10–12 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3(2), pd2, rd1; patella p1; tibia d3, p2, rd2, v6; cymbium d12(15). Leg I: femur d4, pd2, rd4(2); patella p2; tibia p2, pv1, r2(1), rv2+2M; metatarsus v1a. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd4(3); patella p3; tibia p3, v8; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d3, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d4(2), p4, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r2; tibia p3, pd1, r3, v9(7); metatarsus d2(1), p4, r3, v8. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 354 +. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part ( +Figs 389–391 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 563. PMS: length 0.44, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.52; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.02, 0.61, 0.52; total length 2.15; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.76 (3.73)1.69 (2.09)2.96 (2.39)–1.02 (2.06)10.43 (9.23)
Leg I5.73 (4.83)2.84 (2.86)3.97 (3.25)4.28 (2.69)2.49 (1.78)19.31 (15.41)
Leg II5.12 (4.66)2.47 (2.53)3.61 (3.09)3.89 (2.62)2.49 (1.84)17.58 (14.74)
Leg III4.27 (3.84)1.98 (2.23)2.87 (2.44)3.77 (3.12)2.40 (2.11)15.29 (13.74)
Leg IV5.57 (5.01)2.51 (2.58)4.23 (3.51)5.84 (4.45)2.83 (2.47)20.98 (18.02)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +from Mullokoni Canyon) + + +HABITUS +. See +Figs 39 +, +69. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 16.10, CL 6.82, CW 5.94, LL 0.61, LW 1.34, SL 3.54, SW 3.18. + + +COLOUR +. Similar to that of male, but cephalic portion of carapace only slightly darkened. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 114 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 170 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.20), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.20, PME 0.17; AME-AME 0.17(0.11), ALE-AME 0.13(0.10), ALE-PLE 0.11, PLE-PME 0.05, PME-PME 0.52. Cheliceral rastellum underdeveloped as in male. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 6–7 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 233 +. Labium with 1 cuspule. Maxillae with 38–41 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus IV without modified hairs ( +Fig. 312 +). Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; widely divided with setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided by setae on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 13–16 on metatarsi; 12–15 on tarsi. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–IV with 6–8 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 2–3 median and/or apical bristles; palpal patella, patellae I–II, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd2; tibia v5; tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd2; tibia v3; metatarsus v6(5). Leg II: femur pd3; tibia p1, v3; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd3, rd3(2); patella p2, r2; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7(6); metatarsus p3(2), pd2, r3(2), v7. Leg IV: femur pd1(0), rd1; patella r1; tibia p2, r3, v7; metatarsus p3, r4, v8. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae U-shaped with very low triangular base carrying two branches, unequal to each other: thicker and straight or slightly curved inner branch, and slender and fairly twisted outer one ( +Fig. 494 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 564. PMS: length 0.69, diameter 0.28. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.06, 0.56, 0.32; total length 1.94; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n =10) varies from 4.97 to 6.20, in females (n= 10) from 5.67 to 8.48. The corresponding variations are shown for: the habitus and colouration – in +Figs 6 +, +40 +, +66 +; the carapace, eye group and sternum – in +Figs 88 +, +115 +, +142 +, +171 +, +234 +; the male tibia and metatarsus I – in +Figs 264 +and +294 +; the trichobothria, tarsal organ and claws of female tarsus I – in +Figs 328–333 +; the male palp and copulatory bulb – in +Figs 355 +, +392–396 +, +469–470 +; the spinnerets – in +Figs 482–484 +, 565–567; the spermathecae – in +Figs 495–499 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The species generally occurs in the midland montane zone, where it inhabits small riverside and slope woodlands (dominated by + +Juglans regia + +L., + +Juniperus seravschanica +Kom. + +, + +Acer +spp. + +and + +Populus +spp. + +) which are generally interspersed with a tall shrubland. Along the valleys of mountain streams, the spiders can penetrate into the subalpine and alpine zones. These spiders were observed hiding under rocks in the most humid microhabitats. + +Raveniola cucullata + +sp. nov. +sympatrically shares the same biotopes together with + +R +. +dolosa + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +pamira + +sp. nov. +in Peter I Mts and Darvaz Mts, and together with + +R +. +ignobilis + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +ornatula + +sp. nov. +in Hozratisho Mts. See +Figs 629–646 +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Tajikistan +: Vahsh Mts, Hazretisho Mts, Peter I Mts and Darvaz Mts, the northwestern and western branches of the Pamirs mountain system. See +Fig. 651 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a3cdf5ddd44 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235534FF9BFD64E3F0FBA8CF09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,563 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola hirta + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +A86FF08F-F3AD-4AB3-B399-7ACC509D3548 + +Figs 8 +, +42 +, +67–68 +, +90 +, +117 +, +144 +, +173–174 +, +209 +, +236 +, +266 +, +296 +, +313–314 +, +357 +, +400–402 +, +504–508 +, 571–572, 651–658, 752 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Within the + +concolor + +species group of + +Raveniola + +, the +holotype +male of + +R +. +hirta + +sp. nov. +is well distinguishable, because it possesses the shortest embolus, compared to other species ( +Figs 400–402 +cf. +Figs 385–399 +, +403–428 +); it also has long modified hairs on the tibia and metatarsus IV, as shown in +Fig. 313 +(vs their presence in those species, where these hairs are known, only in females).Considering the last character, this new species shares with + +R. afghana + +sp. nov. +, + +R. alajensis + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +karategensis + +sp. nov. +the presence of long modified hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV. Females of + +R +. +hirta + +can be distinguished from those of + +R. alajensis + +and + +R +. +karategensis + +by having a uniformly coloured (vs fairly ornamented) abdomen ( +Figs 42 +, +67–68 +cf. +Figs 38, 44 +, +65 +), and from those of + +R. afghana + +sp. nov. +in possessing much shorter spermathecae provided with clearly wider inner branches ( +Figs 504–508 +cf. +Figs 489–490 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is an adjective referring to a hirsute (Latin: ‘ +hirt-us/-a/-um +’) leg IV in this species, densely covered with elongated fine hairs in females and to a lesser extent in males; the gender is feminine. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Darvaz Mts +(northern slope), upper part of +Zidadara Canyon +, + +2.5 km +NNE of Haburabot Pass + +; +38°38.8′ N +, +70°43.6′ E +; + +2900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +13 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +28 ♀♀ +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +7 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for holotype; + +2900–3300 m +a.s.l. + +; +SMNH + +• + +6 ♀♀ +; same locality as for holotype; + +2850 m +a.s.l. + +; + +11 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +and +A. Hakimov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +7 ♀♀ +; +Darvaz Mts +(top watershed zone), +Haburabot Pass +; +38°37.229′ N +, +70°43.135′ E +; + +3300 m +a.s.l. + +; subalpine meadow-steppe; + +26–27 Jul. 2023 + +; +A.A. Fomichev +leg.; +ISEA + +• + +6 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +ZMMU + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; +Darvaz Mts +(southern slope), +Obiviskharvi Canyon +; +38°34′ N +, +71°03′ E +; + +3000–3300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +14 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 8. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 17.40, CL 6.83, CW 6.27, LL 0.55, LW 1.00, SL 3.57, SW 2.97. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace laterally and posteriorly, palpal femur, entire leg I and femora II–IV cherry red, chelicerae, most part of cephalic portion, thoracic fovea and radial grooves of carapace darker reddish brown; other segments of palp and legs II–IV dark yellowish orange; clypeus and eye tubercle blackish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae and ventral surface of abdomen including spinnerets yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally uniformly brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 90 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 144 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16(0.20), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.25, PME 0.16; AME–AME 0.17(0.13), ALE–AME 0.14(0.12), ALE–PLE 0.13, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.55. Chelicerae with weak rastellum composed in each basal segment of 35–40 thickened spikes in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 4–5 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 209 +. Maxillae with 30–35 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 266 +, +296 +. Tibia and metatarsus IV covered with modified hairs ( +Fig. 313 +). Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; entire but mixed with setae on tarsus III; sparse and widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–11each on tibiae, 16–19 on metatarsi, 12–17 on tarsi, 10–11 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 7–8 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Metatarsus I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d4, pd1, rd1; patella p2; tibia d6, p3, r3, v5; cymbium d4–5 normal + 10–15 small. Leg I: femur d4; patella p1; tibia p3, pv3, r2, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur d4, pd3(2), rd2; patella p3(2); tibia p3, v8(7); metatarsus p3, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2(1), r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus p5, pd3, r3, v6. Leg IV: femur d4(3), pd3, rd3(2); patella p1, r1; tibia p3, r 3, v 8(7); metatarsus p3, pd3, r5, v8. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 357 +. Embolus short with basal portion provided with low keel and with hooked apical part ( +Figs 400–404 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 571. PMS: length 0.39, diameter 0.16. PLS: maximal diameter 0.67; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.77, 0.42, 0.41; total length 1.60; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.83 (3.69)1.85 (1.81)3.04 (2.38)–1.08 (2.37)9.80 (10.25)
Leg I6.25 (5.32)3.43 (2.95)4.72 (3.62)4.97 (3.24)2.80 (2.29)22.17 (17.42)
Leg II5.76 (4.79)3.04 (2.58)4.10 (2.97)4.68 (2.99)2.64 (2.26)20.22 (15.59)
Leg III4.69 (3.99)2.41 (2.18)3.30 (2.48)4.41 (3.15)2.27 (1.96)17.08 (13.76)
Leg IV6.34 (5.75)3.11 (3.21)5.16 (4.49)6.83 (5.23)3.12 (2.97)24.56 (21.65)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 42. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 16.40, CL 6.41, CW 5.56, LL 0.66, LW 1.30, SL 3.49, SW 3.10. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palpal femur and femora I–IV dark brownish orange; other segments of palp and legs I–IV lighter brownish orange; chelicerae dark cherry red; eye tubercle with wide and partially fused blackish brown rings around eyes; sternum, labium, maxillae and ventral surface of abdomen including spinnerets yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally uniformly brown as in male. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 117 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 173 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.21), ALE 0.31, PLE 0.25, PME 0.17; AME–AME 0.16(0.10), ALE–AME 0.13(0.10), ALE–PLE 0.14, PLE–PME 0.07, PME–PME 0.47. Chelicerae with weak rastellum composed of 25–30 thickened spikes in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 236 +. Maxillae with 29–34 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus IV covered by dense modified hairs as in +Fig. 314 +. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II; widely divided by setae on tarsus III; vestigial on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, 16–18 on metatarsi, 14–15 on tarsi, 11 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–IV with 8–9 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal femur with 3–4 dorsal bristles instead of spines, femora I–IV with one basodorsal spine and 3–4 median and/or apical bristles; palpal patella and patellae I, II and IV, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v7(6); tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd2; tibia v4; metatarsus v5. Leg II: femur pd3; tibia v4(3); metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd2(1), rd3(2); patella p2, r1; tibia p2(1), r2, v6(5); metatarsus p3, pd2, rd3, v7. Leg IV: femur rd1; tibia v6; metatarsus r1, v9. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae asymmetrical with relatively short and wide base carrying two diverging branches: massive trapezoidal inner branch and thin spindle-like outer one ( +Fig. 508 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 572. PMS: length 0.58, diameter 0.28. PLS: length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.31, 0.67, 0.66; total length 2.64; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in females (n=11) varies from 5.18 to 7.07. For female +paratypes +, the variations in their colouration, structure of the eye group and conformation of the spermathecae are shown in +Figs 67–68 +, +174 +, +504–507 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The species inhabits short-grass meadows and meadow-steppes in the subalpine and alpine zones. All spiders, including the +holotype +male, were collected from their relatively deep (of +35–45 cm +depth) burrows. See +Figs 651–658 +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known from two highland localities in Darvaz Mts, +Tajikistan +( +Fig. 752 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f687444c95f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235536FFA4FD6EE5D5FD49CAC0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola dolosa + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +7EC137C9-9E8D-4B2C-8309-358072F8FF08 + + + + + +Figs 7 +, +41 +, +71 +, +89 +, +116 +, +143 +, +172 +, +208 +, +235 +, +265 +, +295 +, +356 +, +379–399 +, +500–503 +, 568–570, 643–650, 751 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +In the structure of the embolus and the spermathecae, + +Raveniola dolosa + +sp. nov. +resembles + +R +. +ignobilis + +sp. nov. +; it can be distinguished from the latter in having the embolus lacking a raised keel and in possessing noticeably shorter spermathecae (vs a clearly keeled embolus and longer branches of the spermathecae in + +R +. +ignobilis + +; +Figs 397–399 +, +500–503 +cf. +Figs 403–408 +, +509 +). Additionally, + +R +. +dolosa + +differs from + +R +. +ignobilis + +in having the posterior medium spinnerets strictly reduced in size (vs considerably larger PMS in the latter species; Figs 568–570 cf. Figs 573–574). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective ‘ +dolosus/-a/-um +’ (= deceptive) referring to a general similarity of this new species to the closest congeners, + +Raveniola ignobilis + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +sororcula + +sp. nov. +; the gender is feminine. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Peter I Mts +, +Childara Canyon +, +Shahobdara Gorge +, + +4 km +NNW of Shahob Village + +; +38°51′ N +, +70°18′ E +; + +1900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +12 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +13 ♀♀ +) + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +11 ♀♀ +; same locality as for holotype; + +1900–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +12–13 Jul. 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +and S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same locality as for holotype, +2.5 km +N of +Shahob Village +; +38°50′ N +, +70°19′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8 Jul. 2019 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 7. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 12.55, CL 5.24, CW 4.97, LL 0.50, LW 0.87, SL 2.51, SW 2.41. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, chelicerae and leg I dull reddish brown; palps and legs II–IV lighter reddish brown; eye tubercle dark brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish brown; abdomen tan brown, with dark brown dorsal chevron-like pattern and a few small brown marks on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 89 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 143 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.20), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.16, PME 0.12; AME–AME 0.10(0.05), ALE–AME 0.11(0.08), ALE–PLE 0.10, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.37. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 208 +. Maxillae with 36–39 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 265 +, +295 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus III; widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 12–14 on metatarsi, 10–11 on tarsi, 7–8 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 9–10 and 7–8 teeth on inner and outer margins, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. All femora with 1–2 basodorsal spines and 3–4 dorsal bristles; metatarsus I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd2, rd1; patella pd1; tibia d1, p2, r3, v5; cymbium d4(5)+12–15 spikes. Leg I: femur pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv1, r2, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur pd3; patella p2; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus v5(4). Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d2(1), p4, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r3, v8. Leg IV: femur pd3(2), rd2(1); patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3, r3, v9(7); metatarsus d3, p4(3), r5(4), v9. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 356 +. Embolus with moderately long basal portion provided with very low keel and short, hooked apical part ( +Figs 397–399 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 568. PMS: length 0.36, diameter 0.16. PLS: maximal diameter 0.49; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.75, 0.43, 0.38; total length 1.56; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp3.13 (2.79)1.61 (1.58)2.49 (1.89)–0.83 (1.92)8.06 (8.18)
Leg I5.65 (3.70)2.94 (2.43)4.32 (2.88)4.07 (2.21)2.43 (1.71)19.41 (12.93)
Leg II5.26 (3.36)2.58 (2.16)3.94 (2.56)3.93 (2.20)2.29 (1.79)18.02 (12.07)
Leg III4.35 (3.09)2.07 (1.81)2.96 (2.04)4.14 (2.72)2.14 (1.87)15.66 (11.53)
Leg IV5.46 (3.98)2.46 (2.18)4.08 (3.31)5.82 (3.66)2.78 (2.04)20.60 (15.17)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 41. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 15.60, CL 5.26, CW 4.53, LL 0.87, LW 1.11, SL 2.76, SW 2.48. + + +COLOUR +. Similar to that of male, but carapace and legs slightly paler. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 116 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 172 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.18), ALE 0.25, PLE 0.18, PME 0.16; AME–AME 0.12(0.07), ALE–AME 0.10(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.09, PLE–PME 0.05, PME–PME 0.35. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 9–10 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 235 +. Maxillae with ca 70 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; widely divided by setae on tarsus II; rudimentary on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 11–12 each on tibiae, 16–18 on metatarsi; + +13–15 on tarsi; 11 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 5 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 4–5 and 5–7 teeth on each margin, respectively. + +SPINATION +. All femora with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella, patellae I–II, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia p1, v7; tarsus v3. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia v6; metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p2, v6; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd2, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2(1), v7; metatarsus d3(2), p3, r3, v9(8). Leg IV: femur rd1; patella r1; tibia p2, r2, v7; metatarsus p3, r3, v8(7). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae V-shaped with relatively low and wide base carrying two densely located, short and weakly diverging branches ( +Fig. 500 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 569–570. PMS: length 0.47, diameter 0.15. PLS: maximal diameter 0.57; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.98, 0.42, 0.43; total length 1.83; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length varies in females (n =9) from 4.30 to 6.17. Variations in the habitus and structure of the spermathecae as shown in +Figs 71 +, +501–503 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +All spiders were found hiding in soil cavities under stones in riverside woodlands, dominated by + +Juniperus seravschanica + +, + +Juglans regia + +and + +Populus +sp. + +( +Figs 643–650 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known only from the +type +locality. See +Fig. 751 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0b67111459f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723553EFFADFD9CE1F3FDDDCA52.xml @@ -0,0 +1,611 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola alajensis + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +2D34C44A-A596-4F8D-9CF2-6B2BDBF3E908 + +Figs 4 +, +38 +, +65 +, +85 +, +112 +, +139 +, +168 +, +205 +, +231 +, +261 +, +291 +, +311 +, +325–327 +, +352 +, +385–387 +, +491–493 +, 560–562, 627, 628, 751 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The new species shares with + +Raveniola afghana + +sp. nov. +, + +R. hirta + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +karategensis + +sp. nov. +the presence of modified long hairs on the female tibia and metatarsus IV (see +Figs 310–311, 314–317 +). Among these species, females of + +R +. +alajensis + +sp. nov. +are distinguishable due to their well-developed chevron-like marks on the dorsal abdomen (which are absent or poorly discernible in other noted species; +Fig. 38 +cf. +Figs 37, 42, 44 +). In females of the new species, the inner spermathecal branch is shorter, narrower and impartible, while in females of the other above-mentioned species, it is longer, wider, multilobate, or serpentine ( +Figs 491–493 +cf. +Figs 489–490 +, +504–508, 510–512 +). In the structure of the embolus, males of + +R +. +alajensis + +resemble those of + +R +. +cucullata + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +insolita + +sp. nov. +, but may be distinguished from them in having a noticeably wider basal section of the embulus, additionally provided with a larger embolic keel ( +Figs 385–387 +cf. +Figs 389–396 +and +409–411 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + + +The specific epithet is a toponym referring to the +type +locality: Alay Valley, Alay and Trans-Alay Mts. The majority of zoologists, who have described species under this name, clearly preferred to use the much more common spelling + +‘ +alajensis + +’ rather than ‘ +alayensis +’ (according to the Google search engine, the use frequency ratio between the former and the latter is about 110 to 1). I just follow herein this historical practice. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +♂ +; +Trans-Alay Mts +(northern slope), +Berksu Gorge +; +39°28′ N +, +72°01′ E +; + +2650 m +a.s.l. + +; + +11 Jul. 1995 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +2 ♂ +, +27 ♀♀ +) + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 ♂ +, +21 ♀♀ +; same locality as for preceding; + +2600–3200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +9–12 Jul. 1995 + +; +S. Zonstein +and S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same locality as for preceding; + +9 Jul. 1995 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +ZMUM + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; +Alay Mts +(southern slope), +Oksu Gorge +; + +2800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Jul. 1998 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +Tekelik Gorge +; +39°35′ N +, +71°57′ E +; + +2700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +17 Jul. 1998 + +; +D.A. Milko +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Alay Mts +(southern slope), +Kaindy Canyon +near +Kaindy Pass +(“ +Dare-Kaindy +”, as labelled); +39°38′ N +, +72°03′ E +; + +3300–3400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +11 Jul. 1903 + +; +S. Arens +leg.; +ZISP 82-905 + +. + + +Additional material + + + +TAJIKISTAN +• +1 ♀ +; +Alay Mts +, southern slope +W of Karamyk Pass +; +39°27′ N +, +71°46′ E +; + +2500 m +a.s.l. + +; + +25 Jul. 1998 + +; +A. Panfilov +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 4. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 13.85, CL 6.73, CW 5.88, LL 0.45, LW 0.92, SL 3.27, SW 2.98. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace mostly brownish orange; cephalic area, thoracic grooves and chelicerae slightly darker, medium reddish brown, eye tubercle blackened, palps and legs dorsally brownish orange; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs ventrally light yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally medium greyish brown with darker brown pattern consisting of interrupted median strip and five pairs of short oblique lateral chevrons; ventral surface of abdomen light greyish brown, book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 85 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 139 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.21), ALE 0.25, PLE 0.15, PME 0.14; AME–AME 0.15(0.09), ALE–AME 0.09(0.06), ALE–PLE 0.13, PLE–PME 0.5, PME–PME 0.40. Chelicerae with weak rastellum of ca 30 spikes located in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 5–6 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 205 +. Maxillae with 49–51 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 261 +, +291 +. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsi I–II, narrowly divided with setae on tarsus III, widely divided on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 each on tibiae, 11–13 on metatarsi, 14–15 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 9–10 teeth on outer and 11 teeth on inner margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal patella, patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d5(4), pd3, rd2; tibia d5, p3, r2, v6; cymbium d +~ +40 spikes. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; tibia p3(2), pv2, r2, rv2+2M; metatarsus vp1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd3; tibia p3, v8(7); metatarsus p1, v4(5). Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r2; tibia d1, p3(2), r2, v7; metatarsus pd4, p3, rd3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella r1; tibia d1, pd3, p3(4), r3, v6; metatarsus pd4, p3, r4, v8(7). + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 352 +. Embolus with long basal portion provided with low keel and short hooked apical part ( +Figs 385–387 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 560. PMS: length 0.45, diameter 0.20. PLS: maximal diameter 0.53; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.02, 0.65, 0.67; total length 2.34; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp4.55 (4.98)2.47 (2.60)3.95 (3.14)–0.92 (2.27)11.78 (12.99)
Leg I6.53 (6.52)3.68 (4.05)5.37 (4.53)5.33 (3.90)2.77 (2.48)23.68 (21.48)
Leg II6.07 (5.97)3.20 (3.64)4.53 (3.62)4.45 (3.57)2.72 (2.48)20.97 (19.28)
Leg III4.80 (4.95)2.92 (2.93)3.13 (2.85)4.37 (3.85)2.75 (2.44)17.97 (17.02)
Leg IV6.13 (7.93)3.53 (3.77)4.55 (5.02)6.12 (6.43)3.08 (3.10)23.41 (26.25)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +from Berksu, SMNH) + + +HABITUS +. See +Figs 38 +, +65. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 21.50, CL 8.65, CW 7.22, LL 0.73, LW 1.50, SL 4.60, SW 3.92. + + +COLOUR +. Similar to that of male, but slightly lighter. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 112 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 168 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20(0.27), ALE 0.34, PLE 0.25, PME 0.22; AME–AME 0.21(0.14), ALE–AME 0.16(0.13), ALE–PLE 0.29, PLE–PME 0.09, PME–PME 0.60. Chelicerae with weak rastellum of ca 35–40 dense spikes located in front of fang base. Each cheliceral furrow with 9–10 promarginal teeth and 4–6 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 231 +. Maxillae with 44–46 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus IV covered with extremely long and dense dorsal hairs, 3–4 times as long as maximal width of corresponding segment ( +Fig. 311 +). Scopula: entire on metatarsus I, distal ⅔ of metatarsus II, palpal tarsus and tarsus I, narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II, widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, ca 20 on metatarsi and tarsi. Trichobothria, their bases and tarsal organ of leg I as shown on +Figs 325–327 +. Palpal claw with 6 teeth. PTC I–IV with 6–7 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal femur and femora I–IV with 1 basodorsal spine and 3–5 dorsal bristles; patella I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; patella pd1; tibia p2(3), v7(5); tarsus v3. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia v2(1); metatarsus v5(4). Leg II: femur pd1; patella p2; tibia p2, v5; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd2, rd3; patella p1(2), r1; tibia d3, p2, r2, v8(7); metatarsus dp4, r3, v8(7). Leg IV: femur rd2; patella r2; tibia d1, r3, v7(8); metatarsus r3, v8(7). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. See +Fig. 491 +. Each paired spermatheca with low and wide conical base carrying two short club-like branches, with closely set proximal parts and widely divergent apices. + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 561–562. PMS: length 0.68, diameter 0.35. PLS: maximal diameter 1.13; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.27, 0.75, 0.78; total length 2.80; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n= 3) ranges from 6.62 to 8.23, in females (n=9) it varies from 6.57 to 8.93. Spermathecae show a quite insignificant variation ( +Figs 491–493 +). + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The spiders occur in the highland zone of the Alay and Trans-Alay ridges where they inhabit subalpine and alpine grasslands in combination with a low open + +Juniperus + +woodland ( +Figs 627–628 +). All females were observed hiding inside their unprotected burrows +35–45 cm +deep; the conspecific males were found hiding during the daytime under stones. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Kyrgyzstan +, +Tajikistan +. See +Fig. 751 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cd09c91e97a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235560FFF6FD9FE1DBFF6CCBC2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola tarabaevi + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +E4DE9EC3-3D2A-4F4B-9167-3D80A69832E5 + + + + + +Figs 59 +, +132 +, +191 +, +252 +, +544–546 +, 613, 759 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +The new species can be distinguished from other members of the group by having smaller PME (which are about 0.7 times as large as AME) and, correspondingly, by larger interdistances AME–PME and PLE–PME (which are approximately equal to two and one PME diameters, respectively). Within other related species, AME are subequal to PME, and the distances AME–PME and PLE–PME are clearly shorter than two and one PME diameter, respectively. The structure of the spermathecae in + +R. tarabaevi + +sp. nov. +most closely resembles that in + +R. kirgizica + +sp. nov. +; both species share a relatively short and subapically constricted spermathetical trunk, combined with a long lateral diverticulum. However, in + +R. tarabaevi + +, the main trunk is not so slender as in + +R. kirgizica + +( +Figs 544–546 +cf. +Fig. 537 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Chingiz Tarabaev (1951–1999), for his significant personal contribution to the modern study of the Central Asian spider fauna. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +KAZAKHSTAN +• +♀ +; +Zhetyzhol Mts +, +Kastek Ridge +, +Uzunbulak Gorge +, eastern slope of +Mt Beriktas +; +42°54′ N +, +75°33′ E +; + +1700–1900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +12 May 1988 + +; +S. Zonstein +and +S. Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +KAZAKHSTAN +• +6 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material + + + +KAZAKHSTAN +• +2 ♀♀ +; +Trans-Ili Mts +, + +Turgen +Canyon + + +8 km +S of Turgen Town + +, forest protection area; +43°18′ N +, +77°38′ E +; + +1500 m +a.s.l. + +; + +12 Jul. 1993 + +; +S. Ovchinnikov +and +D. Milko +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Female +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 59. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 15.75, CL 4.91, CW 4.54, LL 0.47, LW 0.98, SL 2.62, SW 2.36. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs uniformly light ginger orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae reddish orange; abdomen and spinnerets pale grayish brown; abdomen dorsally with slightly darker grayish cardiac mark followed behind by several very small and almost indistinct brownish chevrons. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 132 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 191 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.16), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.14, PME 0.08; AME–AME 0.14(0.10), ALE–AME 0.12(0.10), ALE–PLE 0.11, PLE–PME 0.07, PME–PME 0.37. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3–4 relatively large mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 252 +. Maxillae with 22 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; narrowly divided on palpal tarsus and tarsi I–II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; absent on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 14–16 on metatarsi, 11–13 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–IV with 6–8 teeth on each margin. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.771.431.88–1.637.71
Leg I3.432.072.791.941.5811.81
Leg II3.242.012.302.081.5911.22
Leg III3.051.822.032.651.6711.22
Leg IV3.892.032.913.661.9314.42
+ + +SPINATION +. Femora I–IV with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal bristles; palpal femur dorsally with 3 bristles; tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia v7; tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p1(0), v6; metatarsus v7. Leg II: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p1, v6; metatarsus v7. Leg III: femur pd2, rd2; patella r1; tibia d1, p2, r3, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur pd2, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3, r2, v7; metatarsus d2, p4(3), r3, v8. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with short spermathecal trunk carrying relatively long lateral diverticulum with fairly pronounced terminal fundus ( +Fig. 544 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 613. PMS: length 0.29, diameter 0.13. PLS: maximal diameter 0.59; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.81, 0.54, 0.48; total length 1.83; apical segment triangular. + + +Male + +Unknown. + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in females (n =6) varies from 4.37 to 6.25. Abdomen dorsally with a weak brownish chevron-like pattern that ranges from poorly discernible to almost indistinct throughout the specimens. Within the +type +series, only a minor variation in the structure of the spermathecae is observed, as shown in +Figs 545–546 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + +All spiders were found hiding under stones in small mountain gorges covered with open low forest and shrubs. + + + + +Distribution + + + +Kazakhstan +: Northern Tien-Shan (Trans-Ili Mt Ridge, including its western spur, Zhetyzhol Mts). See +Fig. 759 +. + + + +Notes + + + +Logunov & Gromov (2012 +: text figure on p. 28) depicted a female belonging to this species as + +Raveniola +sp. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cd94ec40646 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235563FFF0FDB5E622FB9CC8E8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola ovchinnikovi + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +89FDF531-7C9A-4799-9279-7009A7A26049 + + + + + +Figs 26–27 +, +106 +, +161 +, +225 +, +284–285 +, +375 +, +450–453 +, 612, 759 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Raveniola ovchinnikovi + +sp. nov. +clearly differs from other species of the group by having a pale coloured body and legs, as well as by the full absence of the abdominal pattern and by its clearly longer (shortly digitiform vs triangular) apical segments of PLS ( +Figs 26–27 +, 612 cf. 19–24, 28–35, 75–81, 597–598, 605, 609, 614, 616). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Sergei Ovchinnikov (1958–2007) noting his considerable contribution to the modern study of Central Asian spiders. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +♂ +; foothills of +Kyrgyz Mts +(northern slope), +Kok-Dzhar Gorge +, +3 km +SSE of +Bishkek +; +42°47.4′ N +, +74°37.7′ E +; + +1100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15 Oct. 1992 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 ♂ +; same collecting data as for preceding, +Orto-Sai Canyon +, +2.5 km +S of +Bishkek +; +42°47.7′ N +, +74°36.2′ E +; + +1050 m +a.s.l. + +; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +(5 juvs) + + + +KAZAKHSTAN +• +1 juv. +; foothills of +Chu-Ili Mts +, surroundings of +Kordai Town +; +43°02′ N +, +74°43′ E +; + +600–700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +11 Jun. 1983 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 juv. +; foothills of +Kyrgyz Mts +, +Alamedin Canyon +, +12 km +SE of +Bishkek +, environs of +Koi-Tash Village +; +42°43′ N +, +74°40′ E +; + +1300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +20 Jul. 1978 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 juvs; +Chu Valley +, bank of +Ala-Archa River +, +1 km +N of +Bishkek +; +42°57′ N +, +74°34.5′ E +; + +700 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5 Apr. 1983 + +; +S. Zonstein +and S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 juv; foothills of +Kyrgyz Mts +(northern slope), Jardy- +Kaindy Canyon +, +80 km +WSW of +Bishkek +; +42°41′ N +, +73°37′ E +; + +1200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +11 Jun.1985 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 26. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 9.10, CL 4.03, CW 3.52, LL 0.37, LW 0.78, SL 2.12, SW 1.84. + + +COLOUR +. Entire cephalothorax, palps and legs pale orange; carapace and chelicerae slightly darker, light brownish orange; eye tubercle dark brown to brownish black; abdomen uniformly pale greyish white, without dorsal pattern; spinnerets very pale greyish yellow. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 106 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 161 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.16), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.11, PME 0.09; AME–AME 0.14(0.10), ALE–AME 0.06(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.30. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 10–11 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 225 +. Maxillae with 12–13 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Fig. 284 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsus III; sparse and rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 8–11 on metatarsi, 10–12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 8 and 8–10 teeth on outer and inner margins, respectively. +SPINATION +. Palpal patella, patellae I–II, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d2, pd2, rd2; tibia d4, pv3, r2, v5; tarsus d5. Leg I: femur d4, pd2, rd2; tibia p2, r2, pv2, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd2; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r2(1); tibia d3, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2 r2(1); tibia d1, d3(2), p3, r4, v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r3(1), v8(6). + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.331.232.17–0.636.36
Leg I4.162.163.253.212.1214.90
Leg II3.941.933.183.162.1314.34
Leg III3.491.251.923.142.1511.95
Leg IV4.211.913.673.782.6716.24
+ + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 375 +. Embolus long, tapering and slightly curved subapically ( +Figs 450–452 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 612. PMS: length 0.18, diameter 0.07. PLS: maximal diameter 0.33; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.90, 0.57, 0.52; total length 1.99; apical segment digitiform. + + +Female + +Unknown. + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in the male +paratype +3.68. The variation in habitus and the structure of the male tibia and metatarsus I, and the copulatory bulb, as shown in +Figs 27 +, +285 +and +453 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +Unlike most species of the group, + +Raveniola ovchinnikovi + +sp. nov. +occurs in a subarid low-altitude zone of intermontain valleys and in dry low foothills, where it inhabits steppe biotopes on the loess substrate. All spiders were collected from cavities and cracks in the clay precipices or from abandoned rodent burrows. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +The northernmost part of Kyrghyztan and the adjoining territory of southeastern +Kazakhstan +: the +Chu Valley +and the adjoining foothills of Kyrgyz and Chu-Ili Mts. See +Fig. 759 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1c5ff456250 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235566FFEAFDB9E2FDFBC6CFEE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1248 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola virgata +( +Simon, 1891 +) + + + + + + +Figs 28–33 +, +60 +, +107 +, +133 +, +162–163 +, +192–193 +, +201 +, +226 +, +253 +, +286–287 +, +308 +, +343–348 +, +376 +, +454–458 +, +478, 486 +, +547–550 +, 614–615, 731–734, 739–746, 760 + + + + + + + +Brachythele virgata +Simon, 1891: 304 + + +( +♂ +♀ +). + + + + + + +Brachythele arnoldii +Zonstein, 1984b: 42 + + +, figs 1–6 ( +♂ +♀ +). Synonymized by + +Zonstein 1985: 159 + +. + + + + + +Brachythele virgata + +– + +Simon 1903: 965 + +. — + +Reimoser 1919: 188 + +. — + +Roewer 1942: 196 + +. — +Bonnet 1955: + + + +912. — +Zonstein 1984a: 145 +; +1985: 159 +. + +Raveniola virgata + +– +Zonstein 1987: 1015 +, figs 1–2 ( +♂ +♀ +); 2021: figs 3–4, 7–8, 11–12, 16–18 ( +♂ +♀ +). — + + + + +Platnick 1989: 90 +. — +Mikhailov 1996: 77 +; +1997: 20 +; +2013: 12 +. — + +Zonstein +et al +. 1996: 133 + +; 2018: + + +78, 84, figs 165, 213 ( +♂ +♀ +). — +Zonstein & Marusik 2012: 78 +, fig. 4 ( +♂ +). — + +Yunusov +et al +. 2022: 226 + +. + +Raveniola arnoldi + +– +Platnick 1989: 90 +(as synonym of + +R +. +virgata + +). + +Raveniola arnoldii + +– +Zonstein 2002c: 173 +, figs 3–6, 7 ( +♂ +♀ +). + +Raveniola virgate + +– +Bakhromova 2016: 258 +. + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Males of + +Raveniola virgata + +are distinguishable due to a unique array of generally unexceptional characters: a stouter tibia I with the megaspines set closer to each other; a gently curved and completely aspinose metatarsus I; a shorter and stouter palpal tibia; a moderately long and very gently twisted embolus. None of the sibling species ( + +R +. +mikhailovi + +, + +R +. +nenilini + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +vulpina + +sp. nov. +) share the same combination. See +Figs 28–30 +, +286–287 +, +308 +, +376 +, +454–458 +cf. +Figs 283–284, 288–289 +, +306– 307, 309 +, +373–374, 377–378 +, +445–449 +, +459–465 +. Females of + +R +. +virgata + +differ poorly by their somatic structures from females of the related species and can be distinguished from them mostly by the specific structure of the spermathecae, with long inclined trunks and weakly diverging diverticula ( +Figs 547–550 +cf. +Figs 538–543, 551–554 +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Lectotype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +♂ +(no other data except “ +Margelhan +”, the labeled locality seems to be given as a relatively close geographic point, known at that time; most likely, it does not correspond to the current +Margelan in Fergana Region +, +Uzbekistan +); +MNHN 6506 +–B361. + + + + +Paralectotype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 ♀ +; collected together with the +holotype +and placed in the same vial + +. + + +Additional materia +l ( +32 ♂♂ +, +131 ♀♀ +, 3 juvs) + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Gava +(labeled as “ +Kawa +”); +41°15′ N +, +72°50′ E +; + +1300– 1500 m +a.s.l. + +; 1912; +K. Küchler +leg.; +SMF + +• + +1 ♂ +, +11 ♀♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, + +2 km +N of Charvak Village + +; +41°16.7′ N +, +72°59.5′ E +; + +1100–1250 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5 May 1981 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1000–1050 m +a.s.l. + +; + +28 May 1981 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +, +7 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +6–8 Jun. 1981 + +; +SMNH + +• + +7 ♀♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, surroundings of +Gumhana Village +; +41°19′ N +, +72°58′ E +; + +1300–1450 m +a.s.l. + +; + +1–2 Aug. 1981 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +24 Aug. 1981 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Airy Gorge +; +41°22.4′ N +, +72°59.8′ E +; + +2050 m +a.s.l. + +; + +16 Oct. 1980 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +ZISP + +• + +1 ♂ +, +8 ♀♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, environs of +Dashman Village +; +41°21′ N +, +73°00′ E +; + +1600–2000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +19–26 Oct. 1980 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +7 ♀♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Jaradar Gorge +; +41°20′ N +, +72°59′ E +; + +1350–1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +10–13 Jun. 1979 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +18 Oct. 1980 + +; +SMNH + +• + +9 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +3–10 Jun. 1982 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +25 Jun. 1981 + +; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +10–14 Oct. 1982 + +; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +29 May 1984 + +; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +10–11 Oct. 1985 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +16 Apr. 1981 + +; +M.A. Kozlov +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +29 Sep. 1983 + +; +K.Y. Eskov +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +3 ♀♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, vicinity of +Arslanbob Town +; 41°20.0′– +41°22.3′ N +, 72°56.5′– +72°58.0′ E +; + +1550–2100 m +a.s.l. + +; + +23 Jun. 1981 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +18 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +2–9 Jul. 1981 + +; +SMNH + +• + +3 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +27 Sep.–12 Oct. 1983 + +; +SMNH + +• + +17 ♂♂ +, +23 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +22–24 Oct. 1992 + +; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Arslanbob Canyon +; +41°24′ N +, +72°58′ E +; + +2400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5 Oct. 1982 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +2200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +30 Sep. 1983 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +2600–3000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +17 Jul. 1991 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, northern slope below +Kenkol Pass +; +41°32.6′ N +, +73°02.5′ E +; + +2200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +21 Jul. 1993 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +5 ♀♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Karaungur Canyon +, vicinity of +Kenkol Lake +; +41°31′ N +, +73°02′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +16 Jul.1995 + +; leg. +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Kugart Canyon +, near +Kara-Alma Village +; +41°13′ N +, +73°20′ E +; + +1400–1500 m +a.s.l. + +; + +29 May 1979 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Fergana Mts +, +Yassy Canyon +, +Zindansai Gorge +, + +2.5 km +N of Akterek Village + +; +40°53′ N +, +73°41′ E +; + +1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +18 Aug. 1985 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 juv. +; +Alash Mts +, +Toskaul Canyon +, +Kerege-Tash Gorge +; +41°15.5′ N +, +72°39.4′ E +; + +1500 m +a.s.l. + +; + +13 May 1993 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; +Surentyube Mts +, +Changet Canyon +, +Telek +( +Toluk +) +Gorge +; +40°57′ N +, +73°11′ E +; + +1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +9 Apr.1983 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; +Sarybulak Gorge +; +40°59′ N +, +73°17′ E +; + +1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +2 Oct.1985 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +lectotype +MNHN 6506–B.361) + +The figures used also partially refer to the most similar male from the vicinity of Arslanbob. + +HABITUS +. As shown in +Figs 28, 29, 32, 33. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL ca 11.50, CL 4.56, CW 4.21, LL 0.47, LW 0.90, SL 2.35, SW 1.98. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs medium foxy brown; tibia I slightly darker than other segments of legs I–IV; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish brown; abdomen grayish brown, dorsally with brownish dorsal chevron-like pattern; epigastrum, book-lungs and spinnerets light yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 107 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 162 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.20), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14;AME–AME 0.12(0.07), ALE–AME 0.08(0.06), ALE–PLE 0.07, PLE–PME 0.05, PME–PME 0.32. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; intercheliceral tumescence absent (see +Fig. 201 +). Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 4 mesobasal denticles (as in +Fig. 343 +). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Figs 226 +, +344 +. Maxillae with 12–14 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 286 +, +308 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsi I–II; vestigial on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8 each on tibiae, 12–15 on metatarsi, 12–13 on tarsi, 9 on cymbium. Trichobothrial bases and tarsal organ of leg I as shown in +Figs 345–347 +. Paired tarsal claws wide, unpaired claw small and sharply inclined ventrad (as in +Fig. 348 +). PTC I–IV with 9–10 and 11 teeth on outer and inner margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d4, pd1, rd1; tibia d1, p3, r1, v6; cymbium d5. Leg I: femur d3, pd2; tibia p2, pv2, r2, rv2+ +2M. +Leg II: femur d3, pd3; tibia p2, v6; metatarsus p1, v5. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p4(3), r3, v6; metatarsus d4, p3, r3, v7(6). Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella r1; tibia d4, p3, r4, v6; metatarsus d4, p5, r4, v9. Palpal patella, patellae I–II, metatarsus I and tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 376 +. Long, thin and very gently S-shaped embolus gradually tapering to apex ( +Figs 29 +, +454–455 +, +478 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See +Figs 486 +, 614. PMS: length 0.28, diameter 0.13. PLS: maximal diameter 0.35; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.60, 0.40, 0.38; total length 1.38; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.58 (2.18)1.50 (1.35)2.27 (1.60)–0.70 (1.28)7.05 (6.41)
Leg I4.48 (2.67)2.53 (1.90)3.28 (1.92)3.33 (1.40)1.95 (1.07)15.57 (8.96)
Leg II3.87 (2.45)2.23 (1.65)3.15 (1.77)3.15 (1.45)1.95 (1.13)14.35 (8.45)
Leg III3.63 (2.25)1.75 (1.35)2.83 (1.52)3.63 (1.87)2.12 (1.30)13.96 (8.26)
Leg IV4.45 (3.07)2.05 (1.60)3.57 (2.27)5.18 (2.83)2.50 (1.50)17.75 (11.27)
+ + +Female +( +paralectotype +MNHN 6506–B.361) + +The figures used also partially refer to the most similar female from Arslanbob. + +HABITUS +. As shown in +Fig. 60. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL ca 12.50, CL 3.98, CW 3.42, LL 0.40, LW 0.77, SL 2.03, SW 1.80. + + +COLOUR +. As in male, but uniformly coloured legs I–IV slightly paler; abdomen dorsally with more contrasting chevron-like pattern. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 133 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 192 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.17), ALE 0.20, PLE 0.13, PME 0.11; AME–AME 0.11(0.07), ALE–AME 0.07(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.28. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 253 +. Maxillae with 17–22 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II, absent on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 each on tibiae, 12–14 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi; 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II with 5 teeth on each margin; PTC III–IV with 4 and 5–6 teeth on outer and inner margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Femora I–IV with one basodorsal spine and 3 dorsal spikes; palpal femur dorsally with 3 spikes; palpal patella, patellae I–II, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v7; tarsus v8(3). Leg I: femur pd1; tibia v5; metatarsus v5. Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p2, v5; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d3, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r3, v7. + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with narrow base carrying two equally thick, long and weakly diverging branches ( +Fig. 547 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 615. PMS: length 0.38, diameter 0.17. PLS: maximal diameter 0.69; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.64, 0.63; total length 2.35; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in conspecific males (n= 21) varies from 4.14 to 5.62, in females (n =28) from 4.52 to 7.33. Variation in the colouration, in the structure of the eye group, and the male tibia and metatarsus I, as shown in +Figs 30–33 +, +163 +, +193 +, +287 +. Variation in the structure of the copulatory bulb and the spermathecae as shown in +Figs 456–458 +and +548–550 +, respectively. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +Most of the collected spiders were found hiding in soil cavities under stones, or in leaf litter, in tall and dense montane forest at +1200–2200 m +a.s.l., dominated by walnut, + +Juglans regia + +( +Figs 731–734 +). Other specimens occured in a shrubland and fragmentary woodland area at +1000–1250 m +a.s.l. (i.e., within the transition zone below the lower forest boundary), or in subalpine and alpine meadows at +2200–3000 m +a.s.l., above the forested midland belt. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Kyrgyzstan +: Fergana Mts, including the northwestern spurs of this mountain ridge. See +Fig. 760 +. + + + +Notes + + + +Simon (1891) +very roughly defined the +type +locality of + +R +. +virgata + +as noted above. +Bakhromova (2016) +and + +Yunusov +et al +. (2022) + +noted this species for the entire Ferghana Depression (divided between +Kyrgyzstan +, +Uzbekistan +and +Tajikistan +), without making distinctions between the countries represented here. No actual records in +Uzbekistan +have been registered since the original description of this species (1891). Conversely, all the examined congeners collected from this part of +Uzbekistan +were found to belong to + +R +. +ferghanensis + +. The assumed record of + +R +. +virgata + +in +Kazakhstan +( +Logunov & Gromov 2012: 220 +) remains unconfirmed; most likely, it can be based on misidentified material. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0783800e9ff --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B7235569FFFCFDD2E1CCFAB7CA0B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,691 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola mikhailovi +Zonstein, 2021 + + + + + + +Figs 23–24 +, +56–57 +, +78–79 +, +104 +, +130 +, +159 +, +188–189 +, +223 +, +249–250 +, +282 +, +306 +, +373 +, +445–447 +, +538–540 +, 605–608, 720–722, 758 + + + + + +Raveniola mikhailovi +Zonstein 2021: 209 + +, figs 1–2, 5–6, 13–15 ( +♂ +♀ +), except for the mismatched figs 9–10 ( +♂ +; see the corresponding notes below). + + + + +Raveniola virgata + +– + +Zonstein 1987: 1018 + +(part). + + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Males of + +Raveniola mikhailovi + +differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from + +R +. +nenilini + +sp. nov. +and + +R +. +vulpina + +sp. nov. +by a gently twisted (vs slightly arcuate) embolus, and from + +R +. +virgata + +in having a less stout palpal tibia, as well as a thinner tibia and metatarsus I ( +Figs 282 +, +373 +, +445–447 +cf. +Figs 286–287 +, +376 +, +448–449 +, +459–465 +). Females of + +R +. +mikhailovi + +are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with relatively short trunks and widely diverging lateral diverticula (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species; see +Figs 538–540 +cf. +Figs 541–543, 547–554 +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +♂ +; +Chatkal Mts +(southern slope), +Hoja-Ata Canyon +, +Karangitun Gorge +; +41°46′ N +, +71°56′ E +; + +1200–1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +2 May 1983 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +8 ♂♂ +, +24 ♀♀ +, +1 ♀ +subad.) + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +3 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, +Tumanyak Gorge +; +41°49′ N +, +71°56′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5 Jul. 2000 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +5 ♀♀ +, +1 ♀ +subad.; same collection data as for preceding, +Kokkolot Gorge +; +41°47′ N +, +71°57′ E +; + +1600 m +a.s.l. + +; + +16 May 1982 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, +Kichkil Gorge +; +41°50′ N +, +71°57′ E +; + +1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +9 Jul. 1983 + +; +K.G. Mikhailov +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +5 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, vicinity of +Sary-Chelek Lake +; +41°52′ N +, +71°58′ E +; + +1900–2000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +28 May 1992 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +, +9 ♀♀ +; +Chatkal Mts +, +Aflatun Canyon +, +Oyalma +( +Uyalma +) +Gorge +; +41°52′ N +, +71°51′ E +; + +1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +29 Jul. 1983 + +; +K.G. Mikhailov +leg.; +ZMMU + +. + + +Additional material +( +4 ♀♀ +, +2 ♀♀ +subad.) + + + +KYRGYZSTAN +• +2 ♀♀ +subad.; +Chatkal Mts +, +Sary-Chelek Reserve +; + +25 Jul. 1968 + +; +V +. +F. Bakhvalov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; +Chatkal Mts +, +Chapchama Pass +; +41°32′ N +, +70°49′ E +; + +2850 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8 Jul. 1968 + +; +V +. +F. Bakhvalov +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 23. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 12.30, CL 4.56, CW 4.12, LL 0.39, LW 0.81, SL 2.33, SW 2.16. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, palps and legs medium yellowish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen greyish brown, with darker brown dorsal chevron-like pattern and a few small brown marks on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 104 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 159 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.22), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.20, PME 0.18; AME–AME 0.12(0.05), ALE–AME 0.06(0.03), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.29. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9–10 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 223 +. Maxillae with 11–15 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 282 +, +306 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and very widely divided on tarsi III–IV. + +Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 12–14 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I–II and III–IV with 8–10 and 9–11 teeth on each margin, respectively. + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd2, rd2; patella pd1; tibia d2, p3, r1, v6; cymbium d10(12). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv1, r2, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p4(3), v7; metatarsus p2(1), v4(3). Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p3(2), r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v8; metatarsus p3, r3, v8. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1, r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v9; metatarsus d3, p4, r4, v8. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 373 +. Embolus long tapering and slightly curved subapically ( +Figs 445–447 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Figs 605–606. PMS: length 0.23, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.42; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.68, 0.47, 0.38; total length 1.53; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.61 (3.19)1.41 (1.78)1.83 (2.36)–0.72 (2.25)6.57 (9.58)
Leg I4.13 (4.31)2.26 (2.77)3.36 (3.41)3.27 (2.66)1.99 (2.04)15.01 (15.19)
Leg II3.81 (4.13)2.03 (2.47)3.02 (2.88)3.07 (2.70)1.94 (2.03)13.87 (14.21)
Leg III3.63 (3.46)1.71 (1.89)2.58 (2.45)3.73 (3.02)2.03 (2.03)13.68 (12.85)
Leg IV4.71 (4.62)2.14 (2.50)3.67 (3.59)5.18 (4.66)2.65 (2.25)18.35 (17.62)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 57. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 18.10, CL 6.56, CW 5.54, LL 0.58, LW 1.13, SL 3.35, SW 2.84. + + +COLOUR +. As in male. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 130 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 189 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.19), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14; AME–AME 0.14(0.08), ALE–AME 0.12(0.09), ALE–PLE 0.07, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.40. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 250 +. Maxillae with 12–16 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, 15–16 on metatarsi, 14–15 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 long promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 6–7 and 7–9 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Femora with 1–2 basodorsal spine and 2–3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v7; tarsus v4. Leg I: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r3, v8(7). Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3(2), r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r4, v12(10). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two relatively short and widely diverging branches ( +Fig. 540 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 608. PMS: length 0.38, diameter 0.18. PLS: maximal diameter 0.62; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.55, 0.48; total length 2.11; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n=9) varies from 4.41 to 5.69, in females (n=11) from 4.72 to 7.37. Variations in the habitus, the eye group arrangement, and the structure of the sternum and the spinnerets are shown in +Figs 24 +, +56 +, +78–79 +, +188 +, +249 +, 607. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae as shown in +Figs 538–540 +. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +According to the observations and the labelled collection data, the spiders were collected under stones in a wide array of montane habitats – from shrubland on the lower border of the forested zone via the broad-leaved, mixed and coniferous montane forests (dominated by + +Juglans regia + +and + +Picea schrenkiana +Fisch. & C.A. Mey. + +, respectively) to the subalpine and alpine woodless grasslands ( +Figs 720–722 +). The spiders use cavities under stones as retreats. In Sary-Chelek Reserve, they can occur together with a sympatric species, + +Raveniola vulpina + +sp. nov. +(the ranges of these two species partially overlap). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known from Western Tien-Shan: Chatkal Mts. See +Fig. 758 +. + + + +Notes + + + +When describing this species, the illustrations showing the copulatory bulb of the male +holotype +of + +R +. +vulpina + +sp. nov. +, stored in a folder under the name indicating the type locality, common for two species (Sary-Chelek), were mistakenly used instead of images of this structure actually belonging to the male +holotype +of the sympatric + +R +. +mikhailovi + +, kept in the same folder. This error is corrected herein. All other images of the +holotype +, used at the original description (Zonstein 2021: figs 1, 5), are correct. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fc1b9415139 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723556BFFF9FDD8E2EEFBC7C8F1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,716 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola kopetdaghensis +( +Fet, 1984 +) + + + + + + +Figs 21–22 +, +103 +, +158 +, +222 +, +281 +, +305 +, +372 +, +443–444 +, 604, 719, 757 + + + + + + + +Brachythele kopetdaghensis +Fet, 1984: 37 + + +, fig. 1–2 ( +♂ +). + + + + + +Brachythele kopetdaghensis + +– + +Fet 1985a: 274 + +; + +1985b: 72 + +. — + +Zonstein 1985: 159 + +. — + +Kuznetsov & Fet 1986: 50 + +. + + + + + +Raveniola kopetdaghensis + +– + +Zonstein 1987: 1015 + +. — + +Platnick 1989: 90 + +. — + +Mikhailov & Fet 1994: 502 + +. — + +Mikhailov 1996: 77 + +; + +1997: 20 + +; + +2013: 12 + +. + + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Raveniola kopetdaghensis + +is well distinguishable due to the full absence of PMS, which are present in all other species of the group (see Fig. 604 cf. Figs 597–603, 605–618). From members of the + +diluta + +group, also possessing only one pair of the spinnerets, + +R +. +kopetdaghensis + +differs in having a narrow awlshaped embolus (vs differently arranged +types +of the embolus; +Figs 443–444 +cf. +Figs 429–438 +). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +TURKMENISTAN +• +♂ +; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Aidere Canyon +; +38°25′ N +, +56°49′ E +; + +900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +20 Apr. 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +ZISP +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +27 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +subad., 6 juvs; all collected with pitfall traps) + + + +TURKMENISTAN +• +1 ♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; +SMNH + +• + +3 ♂♂ +; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Aidere Canyon +; 38°23′– +38°25′ N +, 56°46′– +56°51′ E +; + +750–1200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +20–30 Mar. 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +ZISP + +• + +2 ♂♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +30 Mar.–1 Apr. 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +ZISP + +• + +1 ♀ +subad.; same collection data as for preceding; + +30 Mar.–20 Apr. 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +ZISP + +• + +4 ♂♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +1–10 Apr. 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +ZISP + +• + +3 ♂♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +10–20 Apr. 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +5 ♂♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +20 Apr.–1 May 1980 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +, 6 juvs; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Firyuza Canyon +; +37°52′ N +, +58°02′ E +; + +1200–1400 m +a.s.l. + +; + +7–16 Feb. 1979 + +; G. +T +. +Kuznetzov +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +5 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +subad.; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Karanki Gorge +; +37°48′ N +, +58°18′ E +; + +800–900 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8–15 Apr. 1980 + +; G. +T +. +Kuznetzov +leg.; +ZISP + +• + +3 ♂♂ +; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Kurtusu Gorge +; +37°44′ N +, +58°23′ E +; + +800–1000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +15–22 Mar. 1980 + +; G. +T +. +Kuznetzov +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +7 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +subad.) + + + +TURKMENISTAN +• +1 ♂ +; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Aidere Canyon +; + +1–30 Jun. 1983 + +; +V +. +Fet +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +subad.; +Kopetdag Mts +, +Eldere Canyon +; +38°31′ N +, +56°23′ E +; + +800–1000 m +a.s.l. + +; + +5–9 Jul. 1982 + +; +N.S. Ustinova +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +1 ♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +16–25 Apr. 1983 + +; +S. Zabelin +leg.; +ZMMU + +• + +4 ♂♂ +; same collection data as for preceding; + +28 Nov.–18 Dec. 1984 + +; +T +. +Sorokina +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Kopetdag Mts +, near summit of +Mt Syunt +; +38°31′ N +, +56°22′ E +; + +1560 m +a.s.l. + +; + +26 Mar. 1993 + +; +D.A. Milko +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 21. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 11.40, CL 4.51, CW 4.17, LL 0.40, LW 0.86, SL 2.34, SW 2.08. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace, sternum, labium, maxillae and leg coxae light yellowish orange; chelicerae and radial grooves of carapace medium reddish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; palps, legs and spinnerets pale brownish yellow; abdomen light greyish brown, dorsally with darker and weakly contrasting brown chevron-like pattern. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 103 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 158 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.18), ALE 0.22, PLE 0.14, PME 0.13; AME–AME 0.15(0.09), ALE–AME 0.10(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.08, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.37. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible ( +Fig. 200 +). Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 222 +. Maxillae with 9–10 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 281 +, +305 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and very widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 13–15 on metatarsi, 12–13 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 7–9 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palp: femur d3, pd1; patella p1; tibia d2, p3, r2, v6(7); cymbium d6. Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv3, r3(2), rv2+2M; metatarsus v5(3). Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p2(3), v7; metatarsus d1, p2, v5. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d3, p4, r4, v8. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 372 +. Embolus long tapering and slightly curved subapically ( +Figs 443–444 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 604. PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.43; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.76, 0.63, 0.58; total length 1.97; apical segment shortly digitiform. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.731.222.18–0.746.87
Leg I4.692.253.953.472.0616.42
Leg II4.372.043.483.152.0515.09
Leg III3.931.732.983.532.0214.19
Leg IV4.981.843.975.062.3518.20
+ + +Female + + +Adult females are unknown. All the four examined female specimens (CL 4.0–4.2) lack developed spermathecae and thus they are recognised to represent subadult spiders. Although +Fet (1984) +used some female characters in the original description, he did not mention any feature related to the spermathecae. Until the description of conspecific adult females is published, the species should be considered as known only for males. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in males (n= 12) varies from 4.21 to 4.87; a characteristic pale colouration, including a poorly developed chevron-like abdominal pattern, shows no significant variation throughout the specimens (as in +Fig. 22 +). + + + + + +Ecology + + + +The species inhabits mountain forest biotopes at +700–1560 m +a.s.l.; its distribution is mainly confined to sparse forest formation dominated by + +Acer turkomanicum +Pojark. + +and + +Juniperus turkomanica +B. Fedtshenko. See + +Fig. 719 +, showing the +type +locality. Wandering males were collected from late November till June, with a certain peak in April. Since almost all specimens (with only one exception) were collected exclusively using pitfall traps, no detailed information regarding the spider retreats is known. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Turkmenistan +: southwestern and central parts of the Kopetdag Mts. See +Fig. 757 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.xml b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d6602f82ce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/B7/03A8B723556CFFF2FD96E3A4FAC4C9B2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,675 @@ + + + +A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia + + + +Author + +Zonstein, Sergei L. + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-10-24 + + +967 + + +1 +185 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 +2118-9773 +C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 + + + + + + +Raveniola nenilini + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +0AF92C5C-1013-4448-8948-0447994ACDAC + + + + + +Figs 25 +, +58 +, +105 +, +131 +, +160 +, +190 +, +224 +, +251 +, +283 +, +307 +, +374 +, +448–449 +, +541–543 +, 609–611, 723–730, 758 + + + + + + +Raveniola virgata + +– + +Zonstein 1987: 1018 + +(part). + + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Males of + +Raveniola nenilini + +sp. nov. +differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from + +R +. +michailovi + +and + +R +. +virgata + +by a gently arcuate (vs slightly twisted) embolus, and from + +R +. +vulpina + +sp. nov. +in having a considelably shorter and stouter palpal tibia, as well as a broader copulatory bulb ( +Figs 374 +, +448–449 +cf. +Figs 377–378 +, +445–447 +, +454–465 +). Females of + +R +. +nenilini + +are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with long strap-shaped trunks, and long and thin lateral diverticula, where each diverticulum starts with a long and narrow neck and ends with a short subglobular fundus (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species). See +Figs 541–543 +cf. +Figs 538–540, 544–550 +). + + + + + +Etymology + + +The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Andrei Nenilin (1960–1986), noting his role in the modern research of the Central Asian spider fauna. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +♂ +; +Ugam Mts +(southern slope), +Kainarsai Gorge +; +41°42.3′ N +, +70°00.5′ E +; + +1300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +24 Apr. 1983 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH +. + + + + +Paratypes + +( +2 ♂♂ +, +7 ♀♀ +) + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for holotype; + +1300–1400 m +a.s.l. + +; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for holotype; + +1150–1250 m +a.s.l. + +; + +19–20 Oct. 1985 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; same collection data as for holotype, +Sijaksai Gorge +; +41°43′ N +, +70°03′ E +; + +1200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +31 Mar. 1983 + +; +A.B. Nenilin +and S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Chimgan Mts +(northern slope), +Mazarsai Canyon +; +41º33′ N +, +70º05′ E +; + +1200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +16 Jun. 1995 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for preceding, +Gulikamsai Canyon +; +41º33′ N +, +70º04′ E +; + +1300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8 May 2023 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + +Additional material +( +4 ♀♀ +, 3 juvs) + + + +UZBEKISTAN +• +1 juv. +; +Chatkal Mts +(western slope), +Aksakata Canyon +, northwestern slope of +Mt Syurenata +; +41°24′ N +, +69°51′ E +; + +1600–1800 m +a.s.l. + +; + +3 May 2018 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 juv. +; +Ugam Mts +, +Urumgachsai Gorge +; +41°55′ N +, +70°20′ E +; + +1300 m +a.s.l. + +; + +24 Jun. 1997 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +1 juv. +; +Karzhantau Mts +, +Kansai Canyon +, + +2 km +W of Khumsan Town + +; +41°41′ N +, +69°55′ E +; + +1050 m +a.s.l. + +; + +6 May 2022 + +; +S. Zonstein +leg.; +SMNH + +• + +4 ♀♀ +; +Qurama Mts +, +Kamchik Pass +; +41°06′ N +, +70°31′ E +; + +2200 m +a.s.l. + +; + +8 Apr. 1986 + +; S. +V +. +Ovchinnikov +leg.; +SMNH + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Male +( +holotype +) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 25. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 8.55, CL 4.26, CW 3.77, LL 0.34, LW 0.71, SL 2.04, SW 1.71. + + +COLOUR +. Carapace and chelicerae uniformly brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; palps and legs yellowish orange (leg I slightly darker than other legs); sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen dorsally with reticulate pattern consisting of numerous dense and irregular light yellow spots on medium chestnut brown background, and ventrally light greyish brown, with pale yellowish brown book-lungs and spinnerets. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 105 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 160 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10(0.14), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.14, PME 0.11; AME–AME 0.12(0.08), ALE–AME 0.06(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.25. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 224 +. Maxillae with 17–18 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Tibia and metatarsus I as in +Figs 283 +, +307 +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 10–11 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi, 9–10 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 9–10 teeth on each margin. + + +SPINATION +. Palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d3, pd2; tibia d1, p3, r1, v3; cymbium d4(5). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; tibia p2, pv2, r1, rv2(1)+2M; metatarsus v2. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d3(2), p3, r4, v8. + + +PALP +. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in +Fig. 374 +. Embolus long, tapering and slightly curved subapically ( +Figs 448–449 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 609. PMS: length 0.16, diameter 0.06. PLS: maximal diameter 0.31; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.64, 0.28, 0.29; total length 1.21; apical segment triangular. + + + +LEG +MEASUREMENTS +. ♂(♀) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Femur + +Patella + +Tibia + +Metatarsus + +Tarsus + +Total +
Palp2.41 (3.53)1.24 (1.98)1.81 (2.31)–0.64 (2.06)6.10 (9.88)
Leg I4.04 (4.52)1.96 (2.76)3.11 (3.29)2.99 (2.24)1.98 (1.69)14.08 (14.50)
Leg II3.87 (4.45)1.82 (2.57)2.80 (2.87)2.82 (2.21)1.87 (1.58)13.18 (13.68)
Leg III3.34 (3.36)1.26 (2.08)2.31 (2.37)3.22 (2.98)1.91 (1.99)12.04 (12.78)
Leg IV4.06 (5.04)1.75 (2.41)3.19 (3.18)4.29 (4.11)2.20 (2.17)15.49 (16.91)
+ + +Female +( +paratype +from Kainarsai) + + +HABITUS +. See +Fig. 58. + + +MEASUREMENTS +. TBL 16.50, CL 6.62, CW 5.87, LL 0.53, LW 1.11, SL 3.26, SW 2.80. + + +COLOUR +. As in male. + + +CEPHALOTHORAX +. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in +Fig. 131 +. Clypeus and eye group as in +Fig. 190 +. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.19), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14;AME–AME 0.21(0.16), ALE–AME 0.16(0.14), ALE–PLE 0.12, PLE–PME 0.10, PME–PME 0.48. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9–10 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in +Fig. 251 +. Maxillae with 15–17 cuspules each. + + +LEGS +. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 13–19 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 4–5 and 5–6 teeth on each margin, respectively. + + +SPINATION +. Femora I–IV with 1–2 basodorsal spines and 2–3 dorsal spikes (underdeveloped spines); palpal femur dorsally with 3 spikes; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia p2, v4; tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd2; tibia p2, v3; metatarsus v4. Leg II: femur pd2; patella p1; tibia p2, v5; metatarsus v7. Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p3(2), r1; tibia d1, p2, r2(1), v7; metatarsus d3(2), p3, r3, v8(7). Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella r1; tibia p2, r2, v7; metatarsus p3, r2, v8(7). + + +SPERMATHECAE +. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two equally thin, long and weakly diverging branches ( +Fig. 542 +). + + +SPINNERETS +. See Fig. 610. PMS: length 0.28, diameter 0.15. PLS: maximal diameter 0.65; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.84, 0.45, 0.37; total length 1.66; apical segment triangular. + + + +Variation + + + +Carapace length in male +paratypes +(n =2) varies from 3.84 to 4.73, in females (n= 8) from 3.67 to 6.62. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae and female spinnerets as shown in +Figs 541, 543 +and 611. + + + + + +Ecology + + + +All spiders were found hiding in leaf litter or in soil cavities under stones in the montane woods, composed of + +Acer +spp. + +, + +Juglans regia + +and + +Juniperus +spp. + +( +Figs 723–730 +). + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Known from the westernmost part of the Tieng-Shan mountain system: Ugam Mts and adjoining part of Chimgan Mts. Most likely, a few conspecific specimens, represented chiefly by juveniles, were found also in midlands and highlands of the neighboring Chatkal, Karzhantau and Qurama Mts. See +Fig. 758 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/CA/1F/15/CA1F1521606FFF8769FDDFA0FDF5FCF6.xml b/data/CA/1F/15/CA1F1521606FFF8769FDDFA0FDF5FCF6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a6d1e12ef8a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/CA/1F/15/CA1F1521606FFF8769FDDFA0FDF5FCF6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ + + + +Description of the tadpole of Hylomantis granulosa (Anura: Hylidae) + + + +Author + +Nascimento, Filipe Augusto Cavalcanti Do + + + +Author + +Skuk, Gabriel Omar + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2007 + +2007-12-17 + + +1663 + + +1 + + +59 +65 + + + +journal article +304787 +10.11646/zootaxa.1663.1.5 +6f1c4821-f03c-49bd-b7bb-314599e44669 +1175­5334 +10088860 +B6EBDA08-83E9-4196-B816-B5C08CA23FCE + + + + + + +Results + + + + + + +Description. +Tadpole at stage 36 (MUFAL 3780, +figs. 1 +and +2 +). Body ovoid in lateral view and elliptic both in dorsal and ventral view, representing about 35.4% of the total length, with maximum width somewhat ahead of the eyes and maximum height at the junction of the body with the tail. Snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly arched in lateral view. Eyes large and placed laterally, located immediately above the midline of the body; representing about 32.8% of the interorbital distance and 15.2% of the body length. Nostrils ovoid, dorsolaterally located, with external openings directed anterolaterally; situated closer to snout than eyes; internostril distance approximately 51.6% of the interorbital distance. Spiracle ventral, with inner wall absent and opening elliptical directed backward, located in the left side near the transversal midline. Anal tube short, dextral, and free of the ventral fin, with opening posteroventral. Oral disc large and terminal, representing 53.5% of the body width, with a small median emargination in the lower labium. A single row of marginal papillae, absent in the upper labium, except for an isolated group of five papillae on the left side; papillae large, conic and distinct; scattered submarginal papillae on lateral and posterior portions. Labial tooth row formula 2(2)/ 3(1). A-1 interrupted medially by a short gap approximately eight teeth wide. P-1 with a medial gap still smaller. P-1 and P-2 almost continuous in the right extremity. Jaw sheaths pigmented and finely serrated; upper jaw convex medially; lower jaw V-open shaped. Caudal musculature well developed, becoming progressively thinner caudally. Myosepta partially visible until the first half of the tail. Tail and body with equal heights. Dorsal fin lower than ventral fin; dorsal fin weakly convex, beginning at the first third of the tail; ventral fin beginning near the body; ventral fin depth approximately twice the depth of the dorsal fin, narrowing at the tip of the tail. Caudal tip ending in a flagellum. For measurements see +table 1 +. + + + +TABLE 1. +Measurements (in mm) of the tadpoles of + +Hylomantis granulosa + +(mean±standard deviation). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacterStage 26 (N = 3)Stage 28 (N = 4)Stage 30 (N = 1)Stage 35 (N= 2)Stage 36 (N = 4)Stage 39 (N = 3)Stage 41 (N = 2)
Total length27.89±1,6132.38±0,2733.2540.25±1.9542.43±3,7342.00±1,0745.74±1.25
Body length8.73±0,7010.27±0,4810.6213.23±0,6713.37±0.5013.70±1.2215.04±0.70
Body height4.75±0,585.77±0,305.999.02±1,127.65±0,557.92±1,087.74±0.01
Body widht4.49±0.865.72±0.285.928.20±0.627.21±0.468.41±0.858.10±1.11
Tail lenght19.16±0.9922.11±0.4022.6327.02±1.2829.06±3.6528.30±1.3930.70±0.55
Tail height4.60±0.616.06±0.386.028.59±0.567.07±0.437.81±0.728.15±0.34
Dorsal fin height0.93±0.061.42±0.251.301.90±0.001.65±0.241.87±0.231.80±0.28
Ventral fin height1.67±0.212.52±0.172.603.00±0.422.82±0.292.97±0.303.20±0.28
Tail musculature height2.73±0.423.42±0.383.505.80±0.994.95±0.475.60±0.625.70±0.28
Snout-nostril distance1.33±0.251.55±0.131.601.75±0.071.60±0.221.77±0.111.30±0.14
Internostril distance2.53±0.152.84±0.052.903.75±0.073.45±0.173.20±0.202.10±0.00
Nostril-eye distance1.27±0.422.03±0.052.102.75±0,,072.52±0.252.67±0.062.85±0.50
Eye diameter1.60±0.101.80±0.001.802.00±0.002.12±0.052.40±0.102.45±0.07
Interorbital distance4.80±0.525.80±0.225.807.20±0.287.12±0.567.67±0.507.95±0.50
Oral disc widht3.00±0.303.30±0.223.404.50±0.004.07±0.464.23±0.324.35±0.21
Spiracle length0.67±0.290.85±0.101.101.20±0.001.07±0.091.00±0.26-
Anal tube length0.90±0.100.90±0.111.101.05±0.210.85±0.190.87±0.15-
+ + +Coloration. +In life, dorsum, lateral surface of the body, and first half of the caudal musculature yellowish brown; dorsum with a great concentration of black spots, scattered in the back of the tail where become grayish-brown; ventral surface silver. Fins and final half of the caudal musculature transparent with small black punctuations in the middle of the tail. Members and anal tube following the coloration of the body. In preservative, body and caudal musculature become whitish; the black spots appear clearer; the ventral surface becomes dark with the intestine partially visible; fins remain transparent. + + +Variation. +In the analyzed stages (26, 28, 30, 36, and 39) the tadpoles showed some variation in the oral disc configuration. The position of the submarginal papillae varied among the individuals, and the number of marginal papillae of the upper labium varied from an isolated group of five papillae to an almost complete row, with a median gap ( +fig. 3 +). + + + + +Remarks. +At the stage 41 the spiracle and the anal tube disappear, the internostril distance decreases considerably, the anterior limbs begins to appear, and the dorsal coloration and granulations of the adult begin to predominate. Both A-1 and A-2 disappear and remain only vestiges of P-3. + + +Two specimens that completed metamorphosis showed an SVL (snout-vent length) of 14.70 mm (MUFAL 2762) and 19.28 mm (MUFAL 2763); the coloration was the same as in the adults (see +Cruz, 1988 +). + + +Habits and habitat. +Mata do Catolé is a remnant of the Atlantic Rain Forest situated in bioclimate region with zero to ninety days biologically dry biologically ( +Assis, 2000 +). The tadpoles of + +Hylomantis granulosa + +were found inside the forest, in a ditch of about +3 m +depth, which in the bottom had a small puddle filled with rain water, approximately +60 cm +deep. The tadpoles are nektonic and many individuals were observed near the surface of the water. They stayed suspended in an oblique position relative to the water surface, with the tip of the tail moving. In the same puddle we also observed tadpoles of + +Dendropsophus + +gr. +microcephalus +(Cope) and + +Leptodactylus vastus +Lutz. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file